1
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Hendi Z, Pandey MK, Kushvaha SK, Roesky HW. Recent progress in transition metal complexes featuring silylene as ligands. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:9483-9512. [PMID: 39119696 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc01930j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Silylenes, divalent silicon(II) compounds, once considered highly reactive and transient species, are now widely employed as stable synthons in main-group and coordination chemistry for myriad applications. The synthesis of stable silylenes represents a major breakthrough, which led to extensive exploration of silylenes in stabilizing low-valent main-group elements and as versatile ligands in coordination chemistry and catalysis. In recent years, the exploration of transition metal complexes stabilized with silylene ligands has captivated significant research attention. This is due to their robust σ-donor characteristics and capacity to stabilize transition metals in low valent states. It has also been demonstrated that the transition metal complexes of silylenes are effective catalysts for hydroboration, hydrosilylation, hydrogenation, hydrogen isotope exchange reactions, and small molecule activation chemistry. This review article focuses on the recent progress in the synthesis and catalytic application of transition metal complexes of silylenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Hendi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Madhusudan K Pandey
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Saroj Kumar Kushvaha
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
| | - Herbert W Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, 37077, Germany.
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2
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Liu X, Dai Y, Bao Q, Li Q, Chen N, Su Y, Wang X. Isolable T-Shaped Planar Silyl Anion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202406089. [PMID: 38781000 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202406089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Silyl anions have garnered significant attention due to their synthetic abilities. However, previously reported silyl anions have been limited to either trigonal-pyramidal or trigonal-planar geometries, which confine them primarily as nucleophiles in substitution reactions. Herein, we report the isolation of the unprecedented T-shaped planar silyl anion salt 2 by employment of a geometrically constrained triamido pincer ligand. Theoretical calculations disclosed that the silicon centre in 2 possesses both a lone pair of electrons and an empty 3pz orbital. In addition to nucleophilic substitution reactions with Ph3PAuCl and W(CO)6, 2 readily undergoes oxidative additions with CO2 and 2,6-dimethylphenylisonitrile at room temperature. Furthermore, under mild conditions, compound 2 cleaves Csp2-H, Csp2-H, and H-H bonds in 1,2,4,5-tetrafluorobenzene, an intramolecular iPr group, and dihydrogen, representing the first examples of C-H and H-H activations mediated by a silyl anion, respectively. This work unveils new reactivity of silyl anions owing to the non-classical geometry and electronic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuyang Dai
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qidi Bao
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Qianli Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, 252059, China
| | - Ning Chen
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yuanting Su
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xinping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
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3
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Benzan Lantigua PA, Lutz M, Moret ME. Polar X-H Bond (X=O, S, N) Activation at a Cage Silanide. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319899. [PMID: 38226565 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Low-valent silicon compounds such as neutral silylenes display versatile reactivity for the activation of small molecules. In contrast, their anionic congeners silanides ([R3 Si- ]) have primarily been investigated for their nucleophilic reactivity. Here we show that incorporating a silanide center in a bicyclic cage structure allows for formal oxidative addition of polar element-hydrogen bonds (RX-H, R=aromatic residue, X=O, S, NH). The resulting hydrosilicates were isolated and characterized structurally and spectroscopically. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and experimental observations support an ionic mechanism for RX-H bond activation. Finally, the reactivity of the RS-H bond adduct was further investigated, revealing that it behaves as a Lewis pair upon facile heterolytic cleavage of the Si-S bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Adienes Benzan Lantigua
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Lutz
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marc-Etienne Moret
- Organic Chemistry and Catalysis, Institute for Sustainable and Circular Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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4
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Hädinger P, Müller MP, Hinz A. Synthesis and Reactivity of Base-Stabilized and Base-Free Silaimidoyl Bromides. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1997-2004. [PMID: 38207101 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The reactivity of the base-free bromosilylene dtbpCbzSiBr (dtbpCbz = 1,8-bis(3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl)-3,6-di-tert-butylcarbazolyl) toward carbodiimides and azides was studied in order to generate base-stabilized and base-free silaimidoyl bromides, respectively. The steric bulk of carbodiimides and azides allows control over the reactivity. While with small substituents such as tert-butyl or adamantyl, the reactions cannot be stopped at the Si═N stage, with large substituents, they lead to C-H activation in the product. The Dipp substituent (Dipp = 2,6-diisopropylphenyl) allowed the isolation of the silaimidoyl bromide dtbpCbzSi(Br)NDipp and its CNDipp-coordinated analogue. The reactivity of the Si═N double bond species was studied with respect to cycloaddition and donor exchange reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Hädinger
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian P Müller
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Inorganic Chemistry (AOC), Engesserstr. 15, Gebäude 30.45, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany
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5
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Sun X, Hinz A, Gamer MT, Roesky PW. Stable bidentate silylene adducts of alkaline‐earth amides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Alexander Hinz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Michael T. Gamer
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
| | - Peter. W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT) Engesserstraße 15 76131 Karlsruhe Deutschland
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6
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Tiessen N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler HG, Hoge B. Oxidative Additions of C-F Bonds to the Silanide Anion [Si(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116468. [PMID: 35107847 PMCID: PMC9310575 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Compounds exhibiting main group elements in low oxidation states were found to mimic the reactivity of transition metal complexes. Like the latter, such main group species show a proclivity of changing their oxidation state as well as their coordination number by +2, therefore fulfilling the requirements for oxidative additions. Prominent examples of such main group compounds that undergo oxidative additions with organohalides R-X (R=alkyl, aryl, X=F, Cl, Br, I) are carbenes and their higher congeners. Aluminyl anions, which like carbenes and silylenes oxidatively add to strong σ-bonds in R-X species, have been recently discovered. We present the first anion based upon a Group 14 element, namely the tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide anion, [Si(C2 F5 )3 ]- , which is capable of oxidative additions towards C-F bonds. This enables the isolation of non-chelated tetraorganofluorosilicate salts, which to the best of our knowledge had only been observed as reactive intermediates before.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hans-Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Chemie, Centrum für Molekulare Materialien, Universitätsstraße 25, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
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8
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Tiessen N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Oxidative Addition von C−F‐Bindungen an das Silanid‐Anion [Si(C
2
F
5
)
3
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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9
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Aysin RR, Lalov AV, Bukalov SS. Probing the aromaticity in 2,3-pyrido-annulated N-heterocyclic carbene and its heavier analogues. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2021.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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10
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Kaufmann S, Köppe R, Roesky PW. A square planar silylene nickel four-membered ring. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:14105-14109. [PMID: 34607336 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt02846d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Herein the new nickel silylene [PhC(NtBu)2SiNi(C5Me5)]2, which features a square planar central ring motif consisting of two silicon and two nickel atoms is presented. The title compound was obtained by an insertion of the Ni(0) precursor [Ni(cod)2] (cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) in the Si-C bond of the silylene [PhC(NtBu)2Si(C5Me5)]. Analytic characterisation including mass spectrometry as well as IR and Raman spectroscopies was combined with quantum chemical calculations to get an insight on the bonding situation within the four-membered Si-Ni-ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstrasse 15, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany.
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11
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Nechaev MS. Tetrylenes: Electronic Structure, Stability, Reactivity, and Ligand Properties—A Comparative DFT Study. Organometallics 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.1c00440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail S. Nechaev
- A.V. Topchiev Institute of Petrochemical Synthesis, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
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12
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Ota K, Kinjo R. Heavier element-containing aromatics of [4 n+2]-electron systems. Chem Soc Rev 2021; 50:10594-10673. [PMID: 34369490 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01354d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While the implication of the aromaticity concept has been dramatically expanded to date since its emergence in 1865, the classical [4n+2]/4n-electron counting protocol still plays an essential role in evaluating the aromatic nature of compounds. Over the last few decades, a variety of heavier heterocycles featuring the formal [4n+2] π-electron arrangements have been developed, which allows for assessing their aromatic nature. In this review, we present recent developments of the [4n+2]-electron systems of heavier heterocycles involving group 13-15 elements. The synthesis, spectroscopic data, structural parameters, computational data, and reactivity are introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Ota
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
| | - Rei Kinjo
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Nanyang Link 21, Singapore 637371, Singapore
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13
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Tiessen N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Nachweis des Lewis‐amphoteren Charakters von Tris(pentafluorethyl)silanid, [Si(C
2
F
5
)
3
]
−. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202016455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität Bielefeld Fakultät für Chemie Centrum für Molekulare Materialien Universitätsstraße 25 33615 Bielefeld Deutschland
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14
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Tiessen N, Keßler M, Neumann B, Stammler H, Hoge B. Evidence of the Lewis-Amphoteric Character of Tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide, [Si(C 2 F 5 ) 3 ] . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:12124-12131. [PMID: 33617080 PMCID: PMC8252080 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202016455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
According to a first view on the geometrical and electronic structure of the tris(pentafluoroethyl)silanide, this anion appears as a Lewis base. Quantum chemical calculations on perfluoroalkylated silanides show significantly lower HOMO and LUMO energy levels in comparison to their non-fluorinated counterparts, which implies reduced Lewis basicity and increased Lewis acidity of the [Si(C2 F5 )3 ]- ion. With these findings and a HOMO-LUMO gap of 4.80 eV similar to N-heterocyclic silylenes (NHSis), perfluoroalkyl silanides are predestined to exhibit Lewis-amphoteric character similar to silylenes. Deprotonation of Si(C2 F5 )3 H with sterically demanding phosphazene bases afforded thermally stable phosphazenium salts of the [Si(C2 F5 )3 ]- anion, which add to benzaldehyde, benzophenone, CS2 , and CO2 in various manners. This behavior also mirrors the reactivity of silylenes towards ketones as well as heterocumulenes and is rationalized by Lewis amphotericity being inherent in these silanides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Tiessen
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Mira Keßler
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Beate Neumann
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Hans‐Georg Stammler
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
| | - Berthold Hoge
- Universität BielefeldFakultät für ChemieCentrum für Molekulare MaterialienUniversitätsstrasse 2533615BielefeldGermany
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15
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Probing the aromaticity of unsaturated N-heterocyclic carbenes and their heavy analogues with the EDDB criterion. Russ Chem Bull 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-021-3140-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Nazish M, Siddiqui MM, Kumar Sarkar S, Münch A, Legendre CM, Herbst‐Irmer R, Stalke D, Roesky HW. Synthesis and Coordination Behavior of a New Hybrid Bidentate Ligand with Phosphine and Silylene Donors. Chemistry 2021; 27:1744-1752. [PMID: 33022783 PMCID: PMC7898821 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
This work describes the synthesis and coordination behavior of a new mixed-donor ligand PhC(NtBu)2 SiC6 H4 PPh2 (1) containing both silylene and phosphine donor sites. Ligand 1 was synthesized from a reaction of ortho-lithiated diphenylphosphinobenzene (LiC6 H4 PPh2 ) with chlorosilylene (PhC(NtBu)2 SiCl). Treatment of 1 with Se and GeCl2 resulted in SiIV compounds 2 and 3 by selective oxidation of the silylene donor. This strong σ-donor ligand induces dissociation of CuCl and PhBCl2 leading to formation of ionic complexes 4 and 5 respectively. The reaction of 1 with ZnCl2 and AlCl3 resulted in the formation of chelate complexes 5 and 7, respectively, while treatment with EtAlCl2 and GaCl3 forms monodentate complexes 8 and 9. X-ray analysis of 4 showed that the copper is in the spiro center of the two five-membered rings. Moreover, the copper(I)chloride has not been oxidized but dissociates to Cu+ and [CuCl2 ]- . All the compounds are well characterized by mass spectrometry, elemental analysis, NMR spectroscopy, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Nazish
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Mujahuddin M. Siddiqui
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Samir Kumar Sarkar
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Annika Münch
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Christina M. Legendre
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Regine Herbst‐Irmer
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Dietmar Stalke
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
| | - Herbert W. Roesky
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieUniversität GöttingenTammannstraße 437077GöttingenGermany
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17
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Sun X, Simler T, Reiter K, Weigend F, Roesky PW. Synthesis and Reactivity of Bis(silylene)-Coordinated Calcium and Divalent Lanthanide Complexes. Chemistry 2020; 26:14888-14895. [PMID: 32744765 PMCID: PMC7756572 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202003417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Divalent lanthanide complexes of Eu (1) and Yb (2) coordinated by a chelating pyridine-based bis(silylene) ligand were isolated and fully characterized. Compared to the EuII complex 1, the YbII complex 2 presents a lower thermal stability, resulting in the activation of one SiII -N bond and formation of an YbIII complex (3), which features a unique silylene-pyridyl-amido ligand. The different thermal stability of 1 and 2 points towards reduction-induced cleavage of one SiII -N bond of the bis(silylene) ligand. Successful isolation of the corresponding redox-inert bis(silylene) CaII complex (5) was achieved at low temperature and thermal decomposition into a CaII complex (4) bearing the same silylene-pyridyl-amido ligand was identified. In this case, the thermolysis reaction proceeds through another, non-redox induced, mechanism. An alternative higher yielding route to 4 was developed through an in situ generated silylene-pyridyl-amine proligand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Sun
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Thomas Simler
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Kevin Reiter
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
| | - Florian Weigend
- Institute of Physical ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Fritz-Haber-Weg 276131KarlsruheGermany
- Fachbereich ChemiePhilipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Str. 435032MarburgGermany
| | - Peter W. Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic ChemistryKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT)Engesserstraße 1576131KarlsruheGermany
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18
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Soleimani Purlak N, Kassaee MZ. New N – heterocyclic mono – and disilavinylidene iron – complexes by density functional theory. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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19
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Kaufmann S, Krätschmer F, Köppe R, Schon T, Schoo C, Roesky PW. A cyclopentadienyl functionalized silylene - a flexible ligand for Si- and C-coordination. Chem Sci 2020; 11:12446-12452. [PMID: 34094449 PMCID: PMC8162997 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc04174b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of a 1,2,3,4-tetramethylcyclopentadienyl (Cp4) substituted four-membered N-heterocyclic silylene [{PhC(NtBu)2}Si(C5Me4H)] is reported first. Then, selected reactions with transition metal and a calcium precursor are shown. The proton of the Cp4-unit is labile. This results in two different reaction pathways: (1) deprotonation and (2) rearrangement reactions. Deprotonation was achieved by the reaction of [{PhC(NtBu)2}Si(C5Me4H)] with suitable zinc precursors. Rearrangement to [{PhC(NtBu)2}(C5Me4)SiH], featuring a formally tetravalent silicon R2C[double bond, length as m-dash]Si(R')-H unit, was observed when the proton of the Cp4 ring was shifted from the Cp4-ring to the silylene in the presence of a Lewis acid. This allows for the coordination of the Cp4-ring to a calcium compound. Furthermore, upon reaction with transition metal dimers [MCl(cod)]2 (M = Rh, Ir; cod = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) the proton stays at the Cp4-ring and the silylene reacts as a sigma donor, which breaks the dimeric structure of the precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kaufmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Frederic Krätschmer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Ralf Köppe
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Thorben Schon
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Christoph Schoo
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Peter W Roesky
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) Engesserstrasse 15 76131 Karlsruhe Germany
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20
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Su B, Kostenko A, Yao S, Driess M. Isolable Dibenzo[ a,e]disilapentalene with a Dichotomic Reactivity toward CO 2. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:16935-16941. [PMID: 32986952 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The first dibenzo[a,e]disilapentalene with two Si═C moieties in the heteropentalene core has been prepared. Its solid-state structure and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the Si═C bonds are involved in an expanded π-conjugated system. The Si═C bonds show a distinguished reactivity toward CO2, depending on the reaction conditions. While one product results from fixation of two CO2 molecules across one Si═C bond, two different products could be isolated from the reaction of three CO2 molecules with both Si═C bonds. The mechanism has been uncovered by DFT calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bochao Su
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Arseni Kostenko
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Shenglai Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganic and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. C2, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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21
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New N-heterocyclic plumbylenes (NHPbs) and their complexes with palladium and platinum by DFT. Struct Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11224-020-01603-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Ayoubi-Chianeh M, Kassaee MZ. DFT STUDY OF NEWP-HETEROCYCLIC SILYLENES. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476620070033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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23
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Frisch P, Szilvási T, Inoue S. Facile Access to Dative, Single, and Double Silicon-Metal Bonds Through M-Cl Insertion Reactions of Base-Stabilized Si II Cations. Chemistry 2020; 26:6271-6278. [PMID: 32073169 PMCID: PMC7318344 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202000866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Silicon(II) cations can offer fascinating reactivity patterns due to their unique electronic structure: a lone pair of electrons, two empty p orbitals and a positive charge combined on a single silicon center. We now report the facile insertion of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilized silyliumylidene ions into M-Cl bonds (M=Ru, Rh), forming a series of novel chlorosilylene transition-metal complexes. Theoretical investigations revealed a reaction mechanism in which the insertion into the M-Cl bond with concomitant 1,2-migration of a silicon-bound NHC to the transition metal takes place after formation of an initial silyliumylidene transition-metal complex. The mechanism could be verified experimentally through characterization of the intermediate complexes. Furthermore, the obtained chlorosilylene complexes can be conveniently utilized as synthons to access Si-M and Si=M bonding motifs bonds through reductive dehalogenation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Frisch
- Department of ChemistryWACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical and Biological EngineeringUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison1415 Engineering DriveMadisonWisconsin53706-1607USA
| | - Shigeyoshi Inoue
- Department of ChemistryWACKER-Institute of Silicon Chemistry and Catalysis Research CenterTechnische Universität MünchenLichtenbergstraße 485748Garching bei MünchenGermany
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24
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Soleimani Purlak N, Kassaee MZ. From singlet R
2
Si silylene to triplet R
2
Si═Si ground state by DFT. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.4053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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25
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An alkyl-substituted aluminium anion with strong basicity and nucleophilicity. Nat Chem 2019; 12:36-39. [PMID: 31767993 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0365-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Aluminium anions with an unoccupied orbital are generally considered as highly difficult synthetic targets, as aluminium is the most electropositive element in the p block. Stabilizing effects from two nitrogen substituents and/or the coordination of a Lewis base were recently used to synthesize the first examples of anionic nucleophilic aluminium species. Here we show the synthesis and properties of a potassium salt of a non-stabilized dialkylaluminium anion that exhibits very strong basicity, which reflects the electropositive character of aluminium. An X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a monomeric structure and the shortest Al-K distance hitherto reported. The ultraviolet visible spectrum in combination with density functional theory calculations suggests an electronic structure characterized by a lone pair of electrons and an unoccupied p orbital on the aluminium centre. This species readily deprotonates benzene to form the corresponding (hydrido)(phenyl)aluminate. Reactions with other electrophiles corroborate the nucleophilicity of the aluminium centre.
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26
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Price JS, Emslie DJH. Interconversion and reactivity of manganese silyl, silylene, and silene complexes. Chem Sci 2019; 10:10853-10869. [PMID: 32206252 PMCID: PMC7069235 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc04513a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Interconversions between manganese silylene and silene complexes are reported, including those involving the first spectroscopically observed silene complexes with an SiH substituent, and their involvement in ethylene hydrosilylation is discussed.
Manganese disilyl hydride complexes [(dmpe)2MnH(SiH2R)2] (4Ph: R = Ph, 4Bu: R = nBu) reacted with ethylene to form silene hydride complexes [(dmpe)2MnH(RHSi
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
CHMe)] (6Ph,H: R = Ph, 6Bu,H: R = nBu). Compounds 6R,H reacted with a second equivalent of ethylene to generate [(dmpe)2MnH(REtSi
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
CHMe)] (6Ph,Et: R = Ph, 6Bu,Et: R = nBu), resulting from apparent ethylene insertion into the silene Si–H bond. Furthermore, in the absence of ethylene, silene complex 6Bu,H slowly isomerized to the silylene hydride complex [(dmpe)2MnH(
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
SiEtnBu)] (3Bu,Et). Reactions of 4R with ethylene likely proceed via low-coordinate silyl {[(dmpe)2Mn(SiH2R)] (2Ph: R = Ph, 2Bu: R = nBu)} or silylene hydride {[(dmpe)2MnH(
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
SiHR)] (3Ph,H: R = Ph, 3Bu,H: R = nBu)} intermediates accessed from 4R by H3SiR elimination. DFT calculations and high temperature NMR spectra support the accessibility of these intermediates, and reactions of 4R with isonitriles or N-heterocyclic carbenes yielded the silyl isonitrile complexes [(dmpe)2Mn(SiH2R)(CNR′)] (7a–d: R = Ph or nBu; R′ = o-xylyl or tBu), and NHC-stabilized silylene hydride complexes [(dmpe)2MnH{
Created by potrace 1.16, written by Peter Selinger 2001-2019
]]>
SiHR(NHC)}] (8a–d: R = Ph or nBu; NHC = 1,3-diisopropylimidazolin-2-ylidene or 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-4-imidazolin-2-ylidene), respectively, all of which were crystallographically characterized. Silyl, silylene and silene complexes in this work were accessed via reactions of [(dmpe)2MnH(C2H4)] (1) with hydrosilanes, in some cases followed by ethylene. Therefore, ethylene (C2H4 and C2D4) hydrosilylation was investigated using [(dmpe)2MnH(C2H4)] (1) as a pre-catalyst, resulting in stepwise conversion of primary to secondary to tertiary hydrosilanes. Various catalytically active manganese-containing species were observed during catalysis, including silylene and silene complexes, and a catalytic cycle is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S Price
- Department of Chemistry , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada .
| | - David J H Emslie
- Department of Chemistry , McMaster University , 1280 Main Street West , Hamilton , Ontario L8S 4M1 , Canada .
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27
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Takahashi S, Bellan E, Baceiredo A, Saffon‐Merceron N, Massou S, Nakata N, Hashizume D, Branchadell V, Kato T. A Stable N‐Hetero
‐Rh
‐Metallacyclic Silylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama University, Shimo-okubo Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Ekaterina Bellan
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069)Université de Toulouse, CNRS 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069)Université de Toulouse, CNRS 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Nathalie Saffon‐Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599)Université de Toulouse, CNRS 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Stéphane Massou
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599)Université de Toulouse, CNRS 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
| | - Norio Nakata
- Department of ChemistryGraduate School of Science and EngineeringSaitama University, Shimo-okubo Sakura-ku Saitama 338-8570 Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de QuímicaUniversitat Autònoma de Barcelona 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069)Université de Toulouse, CNRS 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse France
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28
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Takahashi S, Bellan E, Baceiredo A, Saffon-Merceron N, Massou S, Nakata N, Hashizume D, Branchadell V, Kato T. A Stable N-Hetero-Rh-Metallacyclic Silylene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:10310-10314. [PMID: 31132319 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
A cyclic (amino)metal-substituted dicoordinated silylene derivative has been synthesized and fully characterized. Of particular interest is that the N-hetero-RhI -metallacyclic silylene exhibits a distorted tetrahedral geometry around the rhodium atom and a considerably shortened Si-Rh bond (2.138 Å) compared to classical Si-Rh single bonds (ca. 2.30-2.35 Å). A theoretical investigation reveals that the geometrical deviation around the rhodium center from the classical square-planar to a tetrahedral geometry increases the π-donating and σ-accepting character of the rhodium atom, thereby efficiently stabilizing the silylene moiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shintaro Takahashi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Ekaterina Bellan
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Massou
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (FR 2599), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Norio Nakata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Shimo-okubo, Sakura-ku, Saitama, 338-8570, Japan
| | - Daisuke Hashizume
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Laboratoire Hétérochimie Fondamentale et Appliquée (UMR 5069), Université de Toulouse, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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29
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Synthesis and reactivity of monomeric stannylene supported by the new tetradentate O,N,N,N-chelating ligand. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2019.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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30
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Dutta S, Mondal T, De S, Rudra K, Koley D. Strengths of different Lewis bases in stabilizing titanium fluorides: A theoretical insight. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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31
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32
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Binh DH, Hamdaoui M, Fischer-Krauser D, Karmazin L, Bailly C, Djukic JP. Entrapment of THF-Stabilized Iridacyclic Ir III Silylenes from Double H-Si Bond Activation and H 2 Elimination. Chemistry 2018; 24:17577-17589. [PMID: 30222217 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201804048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The reaction of H3 SiR (R=Ph, nBu) with cationic η5 -C5 Me5 - (Cp*) and benzo[h]quinolinyl-based iridacycle [1 b]+ gives rise to new [(IrH)→SiRH2 ]+ adducts. In the presence of THF these adducts readily undergo elimination of H2 gas at subambient temperature to form THF-stabilized metallacyclic IrIII silylene complexes, which were characterized in situ by NMR spectroscopy, trapped in minute amounts by reactive crystallization, and structurally characterized by XRD. Theoretical investigations (static DFT-D reaction-energy profiling, ETS-NOCV) support the promoting role of THF in the H2 elimination step and the consolidation of the Ir-to-Si interaction in the spontaneous (ΔG<0) formation of Ir silylenes in the presence of THF. Mechanistic insights indicate that the Ir silylene species arising from the [1 b]+ /phenylsilane system are relevant catalytic species in the hydrodefluorination of fluoroalkanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang Ho Binh
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mustapha Hamdaoui
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Diane Fischer-Krauser
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Lydia Karmazin
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Corinne Bailly
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Djukic
- Institut de Chimie de Strasbourg UMR 7177, CNRS-Université de Strasbourg, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67000, Strasbourg, France
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33
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Goli M, Shahbazian S. Developing effective electronic-only coupled-cluster and Møller-Plesset perturbation theories for the muonic molecules. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:16749-16760. [PMID: 29881845 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp02489h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Recently we have proposed an effective Hartree-Fock (EHF) theory for the electrons of the muonic molecules that is formally equivalent to the HF theory within the context of the nuclear-electronic orbital theory [Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2018, 20, 4466]. In the present report we extend the muon-specific effective electronic structure theory beyond the EHF level by introducing the effective second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (EMP2) and the effective coupled-cluster theory at single and double excitation levels (ECCSD) as well as an improved version including perturbative triple excitations (ECCSD(T)). These theories incorporate electron-electron correlation into the effective paradigm and through their computational implementation, a diverse set of small muonic species is considered as a benchmark at these post-EHF levels. A comparative computational study on this set demonstrates that the muonic bond length is in general non-negligibly longer than corresponding hydrogenic analogs. Next, the developed post-EHF theories are applied for the muoniated N-heterocyclic carbene/silylene/germylene and the muoniated triazolium cation revealing the relative stability of the sticking sites of the muon in each species. The computational results, in line with previously reported experimental data demonstrate that the muon generally prefers to attach to the divalent atom with carbeneic nature. A detailed comparison of these muonic adducts with the corresponding hydrogenic adducts reveals subtle differences that have already been overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Goli
- School of Nano Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), 19395-5531, Tehran, Iran.
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34
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Druzhkov NO, Kazakov GG, Shavyrin AS, Baranov EV, Egorova EN, Piskunov AV, Abakumov GA. Stabilization of low valent 14 group metal complexes by 9,10-diamidophenanthrene ligand. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2018.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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35
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Zhou J, Liu LL, Cao LL, Stephan DW. Nitrogen-Based Lewis Acids: Synthesis and Reactivity of a Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Nitrenium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201713118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Levy L. Cao
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
| | - Douglas W. Stephan
- Department of Chemistry; University of Toronto; 80 St. George St. Toronto Ontario M5S3H6 Canada
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36
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Zhou J, Liu LL, Cao LL, Stephan DW. Nitrogen-Based Lewis Acids: Synthesis and Reactivity of a Cyclic (Alkyl)(Amino)Nitrenium Cation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3322-3326. [PMID: 29397010 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A room-temperature-stable crystalline cyclic (alkyl)(amino)nitrenium cation 2 features cationic nitrogen atom with a smaller HOMO-LUMO gap compared to that of a 1,2,3-triazolium 5 (an N-heterocyclic nitrenium cation). The low-lying LUMO of 2 results in an enhanced electrophilicity, which allowed for the formation of Lewis adducts with neutral Lewis bases, such as Me3 P, nBu3 P, and IiPr. The N-based Lewis acid 2 also forms an FLP with tBu3 P but subsequently reacts with (PrS)2 to cleave the S-S bond. Both experimental and theoretical results suggest that the Lewis acidity of 2 is stronger than its N3 analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Liu Leo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Levy L Cao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
| | - Douglas W Stephan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, Ontario, M5S3H6, Canada
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37
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Exceptionally Strong Electron-Donating Ability of Bora-Ylide Substituent vis-à-vis Silylene and Silylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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38
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Rosas-Sánchez A, Alvarado-Beltran I, Baceiredo A, Saffon-Merceron N, Massou S, Branchadell V, Kato T. Exceptionally Strong Electron-Donating Ability of Bora-Ylide Substituent vis-à-vis Silylene and Silylium Ion. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:10549-10554. [PMID: 28731275 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Electropositive boron-based substituent (phosphonium bora-ylide) with an exceptionally strong π- and σ-electron donating character dramatically increases the stability of a new type of N-heterocyclic silylene 2 featuring amino- and bora-ylide-substituents. Moreover, the related silylium ion 4 and transition-metal-silylene complexes, with trigonal-planar geometries around the silicon center, are also well stabilized. Therefore, the N,B-heterocyclic silylene 2 can be used as a strongly electron-donating innocent ligand in coordination chemistry similarly to N-heterocyclic carbenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Rosas-Sánchez
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Isabel Alvarado-Beltran
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Nathalie Saffon-Merceron
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT FR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Stéphane Massou
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, ICT FR2599, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
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39
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Price JS, Emslie DJH, Britten JF. Manganese Silylene Hydride Complexes: Synthesis and Reactivity with Ethylene to Afford Silene Hydride Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:6223-6227. [PMID: 28295881 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201700863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Price
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - James F. Britten
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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40
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Price JS, Emslie DJH, Britten JF. Manganese Silylene Hydride Complexes: Synthesis and Reactivity with Ethylene to Afford Silene Hydride Complexes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201700863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey S. Price
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - David J. H. Emslie
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
| | - James F. Britten
- Department of Chemistry; McMaster University; 1280 Main St. West Hamilton Ontario L8S 4M1 Canada
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41
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Schmidt M, Blom B, Szilvási T, Schomäcker R, Driess M. Improving the Catalytic Activity in the Rhodium-Mediated Hydroformylation of Styrene by a Bis(N-heterocyclic silylene) Ligand. Eur J Inorg Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201700148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Schmidt
- Department of Chemistry: Technical Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Burgert Blom
- Maastricht Science Program; Faculty of Humanities and Sciences; Maastricht University; P. O. Box 616 6200 MD Maastricht The Netherlands
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Faculty of Humanities and Sciences; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Tibor Szilvási
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering; University of WisconsinMadison; 1415 Engineering Drive 53706 Madison WI USA
| | - Reinhard Schomäcker
- Department of Chemistry: Technical Chemistry; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 124 10623 Berlin Germany
| | - Matthias Driess
- Department of Chemistry: Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials; Faculty of Humanities and Sciences; Technische Universität Berlin; Straße des 17. Juni 135 10623 Berlin Germany
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42
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Su MD. CASSCF and CASMP2 study on the photoisomerization mechanisms of [tris(trialkylsilyl)silyl]cyclotetrasilene and related cyclobutene molecules. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra00506g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The photo-isomerization reaction mechanisms for both cyclotetrasilene and cyclobutene are theoretically studied. The model computations show that the conical intersection mechanism plays a key role in these photochemical reactions and that there are no radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Der Su
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiayi University
- Chiayi 60004
- Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry
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43
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Alvarado-Beltran I, Baceiredo A, Saffon-Merceron N, Branchadell V, Kato T. Cyclic Amino(Ylide) Silylene: A Stable Heterocyclic Silylene with Strongly Electron-Donating Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:16141-16144. [PMID: 27885787 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201609899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
An isolable heterocyclic silylene (4) with two different π-donating substituents, namely a classical amino group and a more electropositive and stronger carbon-based π-donating phosphonium ylide, was synthesized and fully characterized. The combination of these two different π-donating substituents confers high thermal stability and an unusual nucleophilic character on silylene 4. Therefore, silylene 4 behaves as a strong donor ligand toward transition metals with a donating character comparable to N-heterocyclic carbenes, in contrast to classical N-heterocyclic silylenes, which generally present a weak donating character.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Alvarado-Beltran
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France
| | | | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse, UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse cedex 9, France
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44
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Alvarado-Beltran I, Baceiredo A, Saffon-Merceron N, Branchadell V, Kato T. Cyclic Amino(Ylide) Silylene: A Stable Heterocyclic Silylene with Strongly Electron-Donating Character. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201609899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Alvarado-Beltran
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | - Antoine Baceiredo
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
| | | | - Vicenç Branchadell
- Departament de Química; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Tsuyoshi Kato
- Université de Toulouse; UPS, and CNRS, LHFA UMR 5069; 118 route de Narbonne 31062 Toulouse cedex 9 France
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45
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Zabula AV, Guzei IA, West R, Li J, Rogachev AY. Oligomerization of N-Heterocyclic Silylene into Zwitterionic Silenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201606915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V. Zabula
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry; University of Pennsylvania; 231 S. 34th St. Philadelphia PA 19104 USA
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Ilia A. Guzei
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Robert West
- Department of Chemistry; University of Wisconsin-Madison; 1101 University Ave Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; 3101 S. Dearborn St. Chicago IL 60616 USA
| | - Andrey Yu. Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry; Illinois Institute of Technology; 3101 S. Dearborn St. Chicago IL 60616 USA
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46
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Zabula AV, Guzei IA, West R, Li J, Rogachev AY. Oligomerization of N-Heterocyclic Silylene into Zwitterionic Silenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:13465-13469. [PMID: 27654127 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201606915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Revised: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
N-Heterocyclic carbenes (NHC's) are known to serve as efficient substrates for the stabilization of various transient species possessing low-valent Group 14 elements and for the generation of double E=C bonds. Herein, we report that the thermal tri- and tetramerizations of pyridoannulated silylene 1 lead to the formation of remarkably stable silenes 2 and 3 featuring zwitterionic distribution of electron density. Co-oligomerization of 1 and its germanium analogue gives a related tetrameric product 4 containing low-valent germanium atom stabilized by binding with the partial carbene-character C atom. Bonding situations in 2-4 are best described as silene or germene with the significant zwitterionic distribution of electron density. The singlet diradical electronic state of 2 is 10 kcal mol-1 higher than the ground state configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Zabula
- P. Roy and Diana T. Vagelos Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, 231 S. 34th St., Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA. .,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Ilia A Guzei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Robert West
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Jingbai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL, 60616, USA
| | - Andrey Yu Rogachev
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn St., Chicago, IL, 60616, USA.
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47
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Arz MI, Hoffmann D, Schnakenburg G, Filippou AC. NHC-stabilized Silicon(II) Halides: Reactivity Studies with Diazoalkanes and Azides. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201600286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius I. Arz
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - David Hoffmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Gregor Schnakenburg
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
| | - Alexander C. Filippou
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn; Gerhard-Domagk-Straße 1 53121 Bonn Germany
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48
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Chegerev MG, Piskunov AV, Maleeva AV, Fukin GK, Abakumov GA. Multiple Reactivity of SnIIComplexes Bearing Catecholate ando-Amidophenolate Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201600501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maxim G. Chegerev
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Organoelement Compounds; Tropinina Street 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Alexander V. Piskunov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Organoelement Compounds; Tropinina Street 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Aryna V. Maleeva
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Organoelement Compounds; Tropinina Street 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Georgy K. Fukin
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Organoelement Compounds; Tropinina Street 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
| | - Gleb A. Abakumov
- G. A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry; Russian Academy of Sciences; Laboratory of Organoelement Compounds; Tropinina Street 49 603950 Nizhny Novgorod Russian Federation
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49
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Wendel D, Eisenreich W, Jandl C, Pöthig A, Rieger B. Reactivity of an Acyclic Silylsilylene toward Ethylene: Migratory Insertion into the Si–Si Bond. Organometallics 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Christian Jandl
- Zentralinstitut
für Katalyseforschung, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
| | - Alexander Pöthig
- Zentralinstitut
für Katalyseforschung, Technische Universität München, Ernst-Otto-Fischer Straße 1, 85747 Garching bei München, Germany
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50
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Ligand bending and tilted coordination in the coordinatively unsaturated NHC complex lateral-bis(N,N′-dineopentyl-benzimidazoline-2-ylidene)molybdenumtricarbonyl – Synthesis and structural investigations. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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