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Simonetti A, Bernardi E, Margoni S, Catinari A, Restaino A, Ieritano V, Palazzetti M, Mastrantonio F, Janiri D, Tosato M, Landi F, Sani G. Mixed Depression in the Post-COVID-19 Syndrome: Correlation between Excitatory Symptoms in Depression and Physical Burden after COVID-19. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040688. [PMID: 37190653 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The relationship between depression and post-COVID-19 disease syndrome (post-COVID-19 syndrome) is established. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the association between post-COVID-19 syndrome and mixed depression, i.e., a specific sub-form of depression characterized by high level of excitatory symptoms. Aims of the present study are: (a) to compare the post-COVID-19 syndrome's burden in depressed and non-depressed patients, and (b) to investigate the correlation between post-COVID-19 syndrome's burden and the severity of mixed depression. One thousand and forty six (n = 1460) subjects with post-COVID-19 syndrome were assessed. Subjects were divided into those with (DEP) or without (CONT) depression. Sociodemographically, post-COVID-19 syndrome's symptoms number and type were compared. In DEP, association between levels of excitatory symptoms and the presence of post-COVID-19 syndrome's symptoms were additionally assessed. DEP showed greater percentages of family history of psychiatric disorders than CONT. DEP showed higher percentages of post-COVID-19 symptoms than CONT. A greater level of excitatory symptoms were associated to higher frequencies of post-COVID-19 syndrome' symptoms. Higher levels of post-COVID-19 syndrome's symptoms in DEP corroborate the evidence of a common pathway between these two syndromes. Presence of excitatory symptoms seem to additionally add a greater illness burden. Such findings might help clinicians choose the appropriate treatment for such states. More specifically, therapies aimed to treat excitatory symptoms, such as antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, might help reduce the illness burden in post-COVID-19 patients with mixed depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Simonetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Evelina Bernardi
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Stella Margoni
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonello Catinari
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Restaino
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Ieritano
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Palazzetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Federico Mastrantonio
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Delfina Janiri
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Department of Geriatrics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Geriatrics, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
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Modification of oestrogen signalling pathways influences cough induced by citric acid but not capsaicin in the animal model of both sexes. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023; 312:104039. [PMID: 36842728 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the role of oestrogen signalling and the role of oestrogen receptor alpha (ERα) in the cough pathways we performed a study in which coughing was observed in both sexes animal models after the treatment by selective ERα degrader fulvestrant (ICI 182-780) and inhibitor of oestrogen synthesis danazol. Degradation of ERα with the normal plasma oestrogen levels induced by fulvestrant, significantly augments the cough response of female but not male guinea pigs. These changes were observed in citric acid-induced cough. Female guinea pigs responded with an increased count of cough expulsions per challenge time and we also detected shorter cough latency. The capsaicin-induced cough did not change. A similar response was observed after danazol treatment, which decreased the plasma oestrogen level. Our results indicate that the transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) channel-mediated cough is resistant to the hypoestrous state, while the citric acid-mediated cough is oestrogen-dependent and hypersensitive during the hypoestrous state.
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Panevin TS, Bobkova AO, Karateev AE, Zotkin EG. Endogenous estrogen deficiency and the development of chronic musculoskeletal pain: A review. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:683-688. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.05.201490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sexual dimorphism of chronic diseases is a phenomenon determined by differences in the hormonal status of men and women. In this regard, estrogens, which have a complex effect on the body, are of great interest. In particular, estrogens play an important role in the natural control of pain and inflammation. A decrease in estrogen levels associated with menopause or iatrogenic effects (hysterectomy, use of aromotase inhibitors), as well as mutations of genes responsible for the synthesis of structural components of membrane estrogen receptors (ESR1 and ESR2), can significantly reduce the positive effects of these hormones. Deficiency of estrogen can become one of the reasons for the development of serious pathological changes in particular, the formation of chronic pain associated with the pathology of the musculoskeletal system.
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Rodrigues VST, Moura EG, Peixoto TC, Soares PN, Lopes BP, Oliveira E, Manhães AC, Atella GC, Kluck GEG, Cabral SS, Trindade PL, Daleprane JB, Lisboa PC. Changes in gut-brain axis parameters in adult rats of both sexes with different feeding pattern that were early nicotine-exposed. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 158:112656. [PMID: 34740714 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Nicotine is an endocrine disruptor and imprinting factor during breastfeeding that can cause food intake imbalance in the adulthood. As nicotine affects the intestinal microbiota, altering the composition of the bacterial communities and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) synthesis in a sex-dependent manner, we hypothesized that nicotine could program the gut-brain axis, consequently modifying the eating pattern of adult male and female rats in a model of maternal nicotine exposure (MNE) during breastfeeding. Lactating Wistar rat dams received minipumps that release 6 mg/kg/day of nicotine (MNE group) or saline for 14 days. The progeny received standard diet from weaning until euthanasia (26 weeks of age). We measured: in vivo electrical activity of the vagus nerve; c-Fos expression in the nucleus tractus solitarius, gastrointestinal peptides receptors, intestinal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), SCFAs and microbiota. MNE females showed hyperphagia despite normal adiposity, while MNE males had unchanged food intake, despite obesity. Adult MNE offspring showed decreased Bacteroidetes and increased Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. MNE females had lower fecal acetate while MNE males showed higher vagus nerve activity. In summary nicotine exposure through the milk induces long-term intestinal dysbiosis, which may affect eating patterns of adult offspring in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- V S T Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E G Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - T C Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P N Soares
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - B P Lopes
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - E Oliveira
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - A C Manhães
- Neurophysiology Laboratory, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G C Atella
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - G E G Kluck
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - S S Cabral
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - P L Trindade
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - J B Daleprane
- Laboratory for Studies of Interactions Between Nutrition and Genetics, Nutrition Institute, Rio de Janeiro State University, RJ, Brazil
| | - P C Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Mai L, Liu Q, Huang F, He H, Fan W. Involvement of Mast Cells in the Pathophysiology of Pain. Front Cell Neurosci 2021; 15:665066. [PMID: 34177465 PMCID: PMC8222580 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2021.665066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs) are immune cells and are widely distributed throughout the body. MCs are not only classically viewed as effector cells of some allergic diseases but also participate in host defense, innate and acquired immunity, homeostatic responses, and immunoregulation. Mounting evidence indicates that activation of MCs releasing numerous vasoactive and inflammatory mediators has effects on the nervous system and has been involved in different pain conditions. Here, we review the latest advances made about the implication of MCs in pain. Possible cellular and molecular mechanisms regarding the crosstalk between MC and the nervous system in the initiation and maintenance of pain are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Mai
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Institute of Stomatological Research, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Dependency on sex and stimulus quality of nociceptive behavior in a conscious visceral pain rat model. Neurosci Lett 2021; 746:135667. [PMID: 33493648 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.135667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Visceral pain may be influenced by many factors. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of sex and quality of intracolonic mechanical stimulus on the behavioral manifestations of visceral pain in a preclinical model. Male and female young adult Wistar rats were sedated, and a 5 cm long latex balloon was inserted into the colon. Sedation was reverted and behavior was recorded. The pressure of the intracolonic balloon was gradually increased using a sphygmomanometer. Visceral sensitivity was measured as abdominal contractions in response to mechanical intracolonic stimulation. Two different types of stimulation were used: tonic and phasic. Phasic stimulation consisted of repeating several times (3x) the same short stimulus (20 s) within a 5 min interval allowing a 1 min break between individual stimuli. For tonic stimulation the stimulus was maintained throughout the whole 5 min interval. Both phasic and tonic stimulation produced a pressure-dependent increase of abdominal contractions. The abdominal response was more intense under phasic than under tonic stimulation, but with differences depending on the sex of the animals: females exhibited more contractions than males and of similar duration at all pressures, whereas duration of contractions pressure-dependently increased in males. The duration of tonically stimulated contractions was lower and not sex- or pressure-dependent. In the rat, responses to colonic distension depend on the quality of the stimulus, which also produces sex-dependent differences that must be taken into account in the development of models of pathology and visceral pain treatments.
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An Investigation of the Molecular Mechanisms Underlying the Analgesic Effect of Jakyak-Gamcho Decoction: A Network Pharmacology Study. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:6628641. [PMID: 33343676 PMCID: PMC7732394 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6628641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Herbal drugs have drawn substantial interest as effective analgesic agents; however, their therapeutic mechanisms remain to be fully understood. To address this question, we performed a network pharmacology study to explore the system-level mechanisms that underlie the analgesic activity of Jakyak-Gamcho decoction (JGd; Shaoyao-Gancao-Tang in Chinese and Shakuyaku-Kanzo-To in Japanese), an herbal prescription consisting of Paeonia lactiflora Pallas and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fischer. Based on comprehensive information regarding the pharmacological and chemical properties of the herbal constituents of JGd, we identified 57 active chemical compounds and their 70 pain-associated targets. The JGd targets were determined to be involved in the regulation of diverse biological activities as follows: calcium- and cytokine-mediated signalings, calcium ion concentration and homeostasis, cellular behaviors of muscle and neuronal cells, inflammatory response, and response to chemical, cytokine, drug, and oxidative stress. The targets were further enriched in various pain-associated signalings, including the PI3K-Akt, estrogen, ErbB, neurotrophin, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, HIF-1, serotonergic synapse, JAK-STAT, and cAMP pathways. Thus, these data provide a systematic basis to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the analgesic activity of herbal drugs.
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Anderson G. Integrating Pathophysiology in Migraine: Role of the Gut Microbiome and Melatonin. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:3550-3562. [PMID: 31538885 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190920114611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pathoetiology and pathophysiology of migraine are widely accepted as unknown. METHODS The current article reviews the wide array of data associated with the biological underpinnings of migraine and provides a framework that integrates previously disparate bodies of data. RESULTS The importance of alterations in stress- and pro-inflammatory cytokine- induced gut dysbiosis, especially butyrate production, are highlighted. This is linked to a decrease in the availability of melatonin, and a relative increase in the N-acetylserotonin/melatonin ratio, which has consequences for the heightened glutamatergic excitatory transmission in migraine. It is proposed that suboptimal mitochondria functioning and metabolic regulation drive alterations in astrocytes and satellite glial cells that underpin the vasoregulatory and nociceptive changes in migraine. CONCLUSION This provides a framework not only for classical migraine associated factors, such as calcitonin-gene related peptide and serotonin, but also for wider factors in the developmental pathoetiology of migraine. A number of future research and treatment implications arise, including the clinical utilization of sodium butyrate and melatonin in the management of migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Anderson
- CRC Scotland & London, Eccleston Square, London, United Kingdom
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Paredes S, Cantillo S, Candido KD, Knezevic NN. An Association of Serotonin with Pain Disorders and Its Modulation by Estrogens. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5729. [PMID: 31731606 PMCID: PMC6888666 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian hormones play an important role in pain perception, and are responsible, at least in part, for the pain threshold differences between the sexes. Modulation of pain and its perception are mediated by neurochemical changes in several pathways, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous systems. One of the most studied neurotransmitters related to pain disorders is serotonin. Estrogen can modify serotonin synthesis and metabolism, promoting a general increase in its tonic effects. Studies evaluating the relationship between serotonin and disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, fibromyalgia, migraine, and other types of headache suggest a clear impact of this neurotransmitter, thereby increasing the interest in serotonin as a possible future therapeutic target. This literature review describes the importance of substances such as serotonin and ovarian hormones in pain perception and illustrates the relationship between those two, and their direct influence on the presentation of the aforementioned pain-related conditions. Additionally, we review the pathways and receptors implicated in each disorder. Finally, the objective was to stimulate future pharmacological research to experimentally evaluate the potential of serotonin modulators and ovarian hormones as therapeutic agents to regulate pain in specific subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephania Paredes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 W. Wellington Ave. Suite 4815, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (S.P.); (S.C.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Santiago Cantillo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 W. Wellington Ave. Suite 4815, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (S.P.); (S.C.); (K.D.C.)
| | - Kenneth D. Candido
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 W. Wellington Ave. Suite 4815, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (S.P.); (S.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Nebojsa Nick Knezevic
- Department of Anesthesiology, Advocate Illinois Masonic Medical Center, 836 W. Wellington Ave. Suite 4815, Chicago, IL 60657, USA; (S.P.); (S.C.); (K.D.C.)
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Gajęcka M, Dąbrowski M, Otrocka-Domagała I, Brzuzan P, Rykaczewska A, Cieplińska K, Barasińska M, Gajęcki MT, Zielonka Ł. Correlations between exposure to deoxynivalenol and zearalenone and the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors in the intestinal epithelium and the mRNA expression of selected colonic enzymes in pre-pubertal gilts. Toxicon 2019; 173:75-93. [PMID: 31734251 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based materials used in the production of pig feed are very often contaminated with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone. Daily intake of small amounts of these mycotoxins with feed induces various subclinical states in gilts and influences different biological processes. The aim of this preclinical study was to determine the correlation between monotonic doses of zearalenone and deoxynivalenol (40 μg/kg body weight and 12 μg/kg body weight, respectively, administered over a period of 42 days) and the immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptors in the intestinal tract and the mRNA expression of selected colonic enzymes. The immunohistochemical expression of estrogen receptor alpha was observed in the colon, but its intensity varied in different weeks of exposure. A minor increase in estrogen receptor beta expression was noted only in the colon, whereas the expression of cytochrome P450 1A1 enzyme mRNA and mRNA isoform of the glutathione S-transferase π gene decreased. The observed correlations suggest that the risk of loss of control over the biotransformation and biological activity of the parent compounds in distal intestinal mucosa is delayed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Iwona Otrocka-Domagała
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13D, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Paweł Brzuzan
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences and Fisheries, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna 45G, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Anna Rykaczewska
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Cieplińska
- Microbiology Laboratory, Non-Public Health Care Centre, ul. Limanowskiego 31A, 10-342, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Marzena Barasińska
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej T Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13, 10-718, Olsztyn, Poland.
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Wen X, Yu X, Huo R, Yan QX, Wu D, Feng Y, Li Y, Sun X, Li XY, Sun J, Li KX, Li QY, Han LM, Lu XL, Liu Y, Shou W, Li BY. Serotonin-Mediated Cardiac Analgesia via Ah-Type Baroreceptor Activation Contributes to Silent Angina and Asymptomatic Infarction. Neuroscience 2019; 411:150-163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2019] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chelimsky GG, Yang S, Sanses T, Tatsuoka C, Buffington CAT, Janata J, McCabe P, Dombroski MA, Ialacci S, Hijaz A, Mahajan S, Zolnoun D, Chelimsky TC. Autonomic neurophysiologic implications of disorders comorbid with bladder pain syndrome vs myofascial pelvic pain. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:1370-1377. [PMID: 30945780 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The neuropathophysiology of a debilitating chronic urologic pain condition, bladder pain syndrome (BPS), remains unknown. Our recent data suggests withdrawal of cardiovagal modulation in subjects with BPS, in contrast to sympathetic nervous system dysfunction in another chronic pelvic pain syndrome, myofascial pelvic pain (MPP). We evaluated whether comorbid disorders differentially associated with BPS vs MPP shed additional light on these autonomic differences. METHODS We compared the presence and relative time of onset of 27 other medical conditions in women with BPS, MPP, both syndromes, and healthy subjects. Analysis included an adjustment for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Among 107 female subjects (BPS alone = 32; BPS with MPP = 36; MPP alone = 9; healthy controls = 30), comorbidities differentially associated with BPS included irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), dyspepsia, and chronic nausea, whereas those associated with MPP included migraine headache and dyspepsia, consistent with the distinct autonomic neurophysiologic signatures of the two disorders. PTSD (earliest), anxiety, depression, migraine headache, fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue, and IBS usually preceded BPS or MPP. PTSD and the presence of both pelvic pain disorders in the same subject correlated with significantly increased comorbid burden. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a distinct pattern of comorbid conditions in women with BPS. These findings further support our hypothesis of primary vagal defect in BPS as compared with primary sympathetic defect in MPP, suggesting a new model for chronic these pelvic pain syndromes. Chronologically, PTSD, migraine, dysmenorrhea, and IBS occurred early, supporting a role for PTSD or its trigger in the pathophysiology of chronic pelvic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gisela G Chelimsky
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Tatiana Sanses
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Curtis Tatsuoka
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - C A Tony Buffington
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, UC Davis, Davis, California
| | - Jeffrey Janata
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Patrick McCabe
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Mary-Alice Dombroski
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sarah Ialacci
- Department of Neurology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adonis Hijaz
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Sangeeta Mahajan
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Denniz Zolnoun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, UNC School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Thomas C Chelimsky
- Department of Neurology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
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Maniscalco JW, Rinaman L. Vagal Interoceptive Modulation of Motivated Behavior. Physiology (Bethesda) 2019; 33:151-167. [PMID: 29412062 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00036.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to regulating the ingestion and digestion of food, sensory feedback from gut to brain modifies emotional state and motivated behavior by subconsciously shaping cognitive and affective responses to events that bias behavioral choice. This focused review highlights evidence that gut-derived signals impact motivated behavior by engaging vagal afferents and central neural circuits that generally serve to limit or terminate goal-directed approach behaviors, and to initiate or maintain behavioral avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Maniscalco
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illionois
| | - L Rinaman
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University , Tallahassee, Florida
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14
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Wang L, Xu H, Ge Y, Zhu H, Yu D, Yu W, Lu Z. Establishment of a murine pancreatic cancer pain model and microarray analysis of pain‑associated genes in the spinal cord dorsal horn. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4429-4436. [PMID: 28791352 PMCID: PMC5647002 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2016] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is emerging evidence on the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer pain. Following the establishment of an orthotropic transplantation model of pancreatic cancer, microarray analysis was performed to identify changes in the expression levels of pain-associated genes in the spinal cord. A mouse model of pancreatic cancer-induced pain was established by implanting SW 1990 cells into the pancreases of female BALB/c-nu mice. The survival rate and body weight were measured following orthotropic transplantation. Gross anatomical techniques and hematoxylin and eosin staining were used to analyze the pancreatic tumor tissue. Multiple behavioral tests were also performed to assess pain-associated responses. Additionally, using samples from mice with or without observable pain, microarray analysis was performed to determine the gene expression profiles in the spinal cord dorsal horn. The survival rate of mice with pancreatic cancer was high during the initial 3 weeks post-surgery, although the body weight decreased progressively. Gross anatomical techniques demonstrated that the tumor size increased significantly following the surgery, and this result was confirmed by solid tumor masses in the pancreatic tissues of the mouse model. Observable pain behavioral responses were also examined in the pancreatic cancer model by measuring the mechanical threshold of the abdominal skin, hunching behavior and visceromotor responses. The profiles of 10 pain specific-associated genes in the spinal cord dorsal horn that accurately reflect the molecular pathological progression of disease were also identified. In conclusion, the present study has developed a novel animal model of pancreatic cancer pain in BALB/c-nu mice that resembles human pancreatic cancer pain, and the expression of pain-associated genes in the spinal cord dorsal horn has been profiled. The results of the present study may further the understanding of the molecular mechanisms that mediate pancreatic cancer pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqin Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Huihong Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Yanhu Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, 309th hospital of CPLA, Beijing 100091, P.R. China
| | - Hai Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Putuo, Shanghai 200061, P.R. China
| | - Dawei Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, 101th hospital of CPLA, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214044, P.R. China
| | - Weifeng Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Unit, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, P.R. China
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15
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Gajęcka M, Zielonka Ł, Gajęcki M. Activity of Zearalenone in the Porcine Intestinal Tract. Molecules 2016; 22:E18. [PMID: 28029134 PMCID: PMC6155780 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study demonstrates that low doses (somewhat above the No Observed Adverse Effect Level, NOAEL) of the mycoestrogen zearalenone (ZEN) and its metabolites display multispecificity towards various biological targets in gilts. The observed responses in gilts were surprising. The presence of ZEN and zearalenols (ZELs) did not evoke a response in the porcine gastrointestinal tract, which was attributed to dietary tolerance. Lymphocyte proliferation was intensified in jejunal mesenteric lymph nodes, and lymphocyte counts increased in the jejunal epithelium with time of exposure. In the distal digestive tract, fecal bacterial counts decreased, the activity of fecal bacterial enzymes and lactic acid bacteria increased, and cecal water was characterized by higher genotoxicity. The accompanying hyperestrogenism led to changes in mRNA activity of selected enzymes (cytochrome P450, hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases, nitric oxide synthases) and receptors (estrogen and progesterone receptors), and it stimulated post-translational modifications which play an important role in non-genomic mechanisms of signal transmission. Hyperestrogenism influences the regulation of the host's steroid hormones (estron, estradiol and progesteron), it affects the virulence of bacterial genes encoding bacterial hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDs), and it participates in detoxification processes by slowing down intestinal activity, provoking energy deficits and promoting antiporter activity at the level of enterocytes. In most cases, hyperestrogenism fulfils all of the above roles. The results of this study indicate that low doses of ZEN alleviate inflammatory processes in the digestive system, in particular in the proximal and distal intestinal tract, and increase body weight gains in gilts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Gajęcka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
- Department of Epizootiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/01, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Oczapowskiego 13/29, 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland.
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16
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Lucena F, Foletto V, Mascarin LZ, Tonussi CR. Analgesic and anti-edematogenic effects of oral trypsin were abolished after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy and spinal monoaminergic inhibition in rats. Life Sci 2016; 166:60-65. [PMID: 27729269 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2016] [Revised: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Rheumatoid arthritis brings great burdens to the patients. In addition to the highly expensive treatment, they are commonly associated with severe side effects. In such context, the research for safe and affordable treatments is needed. MAIN METHODS Arthritis was induced by CFA (0.5mg/mL) in female wistar rats. Trypsin was given p.o. (2.95mg/kg; 2mL) 24h after the intra-articular CFA injection. Articular incapacitation was measured daily by counting the paw elevation time (PET; s) during 1-min periods of stimulated walk, throughout the 7-days after intra-articular CFA injection. Articular diameter (AD) was accessed just after each PET measurement, taken the difference between naïve and diseased knee-joint diameter (cm). KEY FINDINGS The present study showed that orally administered trypsin was able to reduce nociception and edema, effects that could be observed throughout the evaluation period. These effect, however, were not observed in animals underwent subdiaphragmatic vagotomy, suggesting a vagal mediation for trypsin effects. Likewise, these effects were blocked in rats which received intrathecal injection of the neurotoxins 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine or 6-hydroxydopamine, suggesting the involvement of spinal amines from axon terminals. SIGNIFICANCE The present study proposes that oral trypsin may cause vagal activation, followed by the activation of descending inhibitory pathways and such mechanism may lead to a novel approach for the treatment of arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flora Lucena
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Foletto
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Lucas Zanon Mascarin
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rogério Tonussi
- Department of Pharmacology, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC 88040-900, Brazil.
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17
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Pellissier S, Bonaz B. The Place of Stress and Emotions in the Irritable Bowel Syndrome. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2016; 103:327-354. [PMID: 28061975 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2016.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Our emotional state can have many consequences on our somatic health and well-being. Negative emotions such as anxiety play a major role in gut functioning due to the bidirectional communications between gut and brain, namely, the brain-gut axis. The irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), characterized by an unusual visceral hypersensitivity, is the most common disorder encountered by gastroenterologists. Among the main symptoms, the presence of current or recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort associated with bloating and altered bowel habits characterizes this syndrome that could strongly alter the quality of life. This chapter will present the physiopathology of IBS and explain how stress influences gastrointestinal functions (permeability, motility, microbiota, sensitivity, secretion) and how it could be predominantly involved in IBS. This chapter will also describe the role of the autonomic nervous system and the hypothalamic-pituitary axis through vagal tone and cortisol homeostasis. An analysis is made about how emotions and feelings are involved in the disruption of homeostasis, and we will see to what extent the balance between vagal tone and cortisol may reflect dysfunctions of the brain-gut homeostasis. Finally, the interest of therapeutic treatments focused on stress reduction and vagal tone enforcement is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Pellissier
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Psychologie, Personnalité, Cognition, Changement Social, Université Savoie Mont-Blanc, Chambéry, France.
| | - B Bonaz
- Clinique Universitaire d'Hépato-Gastroentérologie, CHU de Grenoble, Grenoble 09, France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut des Neurosciences, Fonctions Cérébrales et Neuromodulation, INSERM, Grenoble 09, France
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18
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Moloney RD, Johnson AC, O'Mahony SM, Dinan TG, Greenwood‐Van Meerveld B, Cryan JF. Stress and the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Visceral Pain: Relevance to Irritable Bowel Syndrome. CNS Neurosci Ther 2016; 22:102-17. [PMID: 26662472 PMCID: PMC6492884 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral pain is a global term used to describe pain originating from the internal organs of the body, which affects a significant proportion of the population and is a common feature of functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) such as irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). While IBS is multifactorial, with no single etiology to completely explain the disorder, many patients also experience comorbid behavioral disorders, such as anxiety or depression; thus, IBS is described as a disorder of the gut-brain axis. Stress is implicated in the development and exacerbation of visceral pain disorders. Chronic stress can modify central pain circuitry, as well as change motility and permeability throughout the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. More recently, the role of the gut microbiota in the bidirectional communication along the gut-brain axis, and subsequent changes in behavior, has emerged. Thus, stress and the gut microbiota can interact through complementary or opposing factors to influence visceral nociceptive behaviors. This review will highlight the evidence by which stress and the gut microbiota interact in the regulation of visceral nociception. We will focus on the influence of stress on the microbiota and the mechanisms by which microbiota can affect the stress response and behavioral outcomes with an emphasis on visceral pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel D. Moloney
- Laboratory of NeurogastroenterologyAPC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Present address:
Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Anthony C. Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - Siobhain M. O'Mahony
- Laboratory of NeurogastroenterologyAPC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Timothy G. Dinan
- Laboratory of NeurogastroenterologyAPC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioural ScienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
| | - Beverley Greenwood‐Van Meerveld
- Oklahoma Center for NeuroscienceUniversity of Oklahoma Health Science CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
- V.A. Medical CenterOklahoma CityOKUSA
| | - John F. Cryan
- Laboratory of NeurogastroenterologyAPC Microbiome InstituteUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
- Department of Anatomy and NeuroscienceUniversity College CorkCorkIreland
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19
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Browning KN. Role of central vagal 5-HT3 receptors in gastrointestinal physiology and pathophysiology. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:413. [PMID: 26578870 PMCID: PMC4625078 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vagal neurocircuits are vitally important in the co-ordination and modulation of GI reflexes and homeostatic functions. 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT; serotonin) is critically important in the regulation of several of these autonomic gastrointestinal (GI) functions including motility, secretion and visceral sensitivity. While several 5-HT receptors are involved in these physiological responses, the ligand-gated 5-HT3 receptor appears intimately involved in gut-brain signaling, particularly via the afferent (sensory) vagus nerve. 5-HT is released from enterochromaffin cells in response to mechanical or chemical stimulation of the GI tract which leads to activation of 5-HT3 receptors on the terminals of vagal afferents. 5-HT3 receptors are also present on the soma of vagal afferent neurons, including GI vagal afferent neurons, where they can be activated by circulating 5-HT. The central terminals of vagal afferents also exhibit 5-HT3 receptors that function to increase glutamatergic synaptic transmission to second order neurons of the nucleus tractus solitarius within the brainstem. While activation of central brainstem 5-HT3 receptors modulates visceral functions, it is still unclear whether central vagal neurons, i.e., nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMV) neurons themselves also display functional 5-HT3 receptors. Thus, activation of 5-HT3 receptors may modulate the excitability and activity of gastrointestinal vagal afferents at multiple sites and may be involved in several physiological and pathophysiological conditions, including distention- and chemical-evoked vagal reflexes, nausea, and vomiting, as well as visceral hypersensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsteen N Browning
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine Hershey, PA, USA
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20
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Wang EM, Li WT, Yan XJ, Chen X, Liu Q, Feng CC, Cao ZJ, Fang JY, Chen SL. Vagal afferent-dependent cholecystokinin modulation of visceral pain requires central amygdala NMDA-NR2B receptors in rats. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015. [PMID: 26197883 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholecystokinin (CCK), a gut hormone that is released during feeding, exerts gastrointestinal effects in part through vagal pathway. It is reported to be a potential trigger for increased postprandial visceral sensitivity in healthy subjects and, especially in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. NR2B-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the central amygdala (CeA) participate in pain modulation. Systemically administered CCK activates the CeA-innervating neurons. Here, we investigated whether CCK modulation of visceral sensitivity is mediated through CeA NMDA-NR2B receptors and whether this modulation involves vagal pathway. METHODS We first examined the visceromotor response (VMR) to colorectal distention (CRD) following i.p. injection of CCK octapeptide (CCK-8) in a rat model. Next, the NR2B antagonist ifenprodil and the NR2A antagonist NVP-AAM077 were microinjected into the CeA before systemic CCK injection. NR2B phosphorylation was detected by Western blot. To down-regulate NR2B gene expression, NR2B-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) was delivered into CeA neurons by electroporation. In addition, the effects of functional deafferentation by perivagal application of capsaicin and pretreatment with the CCK1 receptor antagonist devazepide were investigated. KEY RESULTS CCK-8 increased VMR to CRD in a dose-dependent manner. This effect was blunted by intra-CeA administration of ifenprodil (but not NVP-AAM077) and was accompanied by phosphorylation of NR2B subunits in the CeA. CCK failed to increase VMR to CRD in NR2B siRNA-treated rats. Perivagal capsaicin application and pretreatment with devazepide prevented CCK-induced pronociception and CeA NR2B phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES The pronociception induced by systemic CCK, which is vagal afferent-dependent, requires activation of CeA NMDA-NR2B receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E M Wang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - W T Li
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - X J Yan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - X Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Q Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - C C Feng
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - Z J Cao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - J Y Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
| | - S L Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, Shanghai, China
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21
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Zielonka Ł, Waśkiewicz A, Beszterda M, Kostecki M, Dąbrowski M, Obremski K, Goliński P, Gajęcki M. Zearalenone in the Intestinal Tissues of Immature Gilts Exposed per os to Mycotoxins. Toxins (Basel) 2015; 7:3210-23. [PMID: 26295259 PMCID: PMC4549746 DOI: 10.3390/toxins7083210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zearalenone and its metabolites, α-zearalenol and β-zearalenol, demonstrate estradiol-like activity and disrupt physiological functions in animals. This article evaluates the carryover of zearalenone and its selected metabolites from the digesta to intestinal walls (along the entire intestines) in pre-pubertal gilts exposed to low doses of zearalenone over long periods of time. The term “carryover” describes the transfer of mycotoxins from feed to edible tissues, and it was used to assess the risk of mycotoxin exposure for consumers. The experimental gilts with body weight of up to 25 kg were per os administered zearalenone at a daily dose of 40 μg/kg BW (Group E, n = 18) or placebo (Group C, n = 21) over a period of 42 days. In the first weeks of exposure, the highest values of the carryover factor were noted in the duodenum and the jejunum. In animals receiving pure zearalenone, the presence of metabolites was not determined in intestinal tissues. In the last three weeks of the experiment, very high values of the carryover factor were observed in the duodenum and the descending colon. The results of the study indicate that in animals exposed to subclinical doses of zearalenone, the carryover factor could be determined by the distribution and expression of estrogen receptor beta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Zielonka
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| | - Agnieszka Waśkiewicz
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Monika Beszterda
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Marian Kostecki
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Michał Dąbrowski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| | - Kazimierz Obremski
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
| | - Piotr Goliński
- Department of Chemistry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 75, Poznań 60-625, Poland.
| | - Maciej Gajęcki
- Department of Veterinary Prevention and Feed Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn 10-719, Poland.
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22
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Greenwood-Van Meerveld B, Prusator DK, Johnson AC. Animal models of gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Animal models of visceral pain: pathophysiology, translational relevance, and challenges. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2015; 308:G885-903. [PMID: 25767262 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00463.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Visceral pain describes pain emanating from the thoracic, pelvic, or abdominal organs. In contrast to somatic pain, visceral pain is generally vague, poorly localized, and characterized by hypersensitivity to a stimulus such as organ distension. Animal models have played a pivotal role in our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of visceral pain. This review focuses on animal models of visceral pain and their translational relevance. In addition, the challenges of using animal models to develop novel therapeutic approaches to treat visceral pain will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beverley Greenwood-Van Meerveld
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma; and Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Dawn K Prusator
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
| | - Anthony C Johnson
- Oklahoma Center for Neuroscience, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma
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23
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Moon TC, Befus AD, Kulka M. Mast cell mediators: their differential release and the secretory pathways involved. Front Immunol 2014; 5:569. [PMID: 25452755 PMCID: PMC4231949 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells (MC) are widely distributed throughout the body and are common at mucosal surfaces, a major host-environment interface. MC are functionally and phenotypically heterogeneous depending on the microenvironment in which they mature. Although MC have been classically viewed as effector cells of IgE-mediated allergic diseases, they are also recognized as important in host defense, innate and acquired immunity, homeostatic responses, and immunoregulation. MC activation can induce release of pre-formed mediators such as histamine from their granules, as well as release of de novo synthesized lipid mediators, cytokines, and chemokines that play diverse roles, not only in allergic reactions but also in numerous physiological and pathophysiological responses. Indeed, MC release their mediators in a discriminating and chronological manner, depending upon the stimuli involved and their signaling cascades (e.g., IgE-mediated or Toll-like receptor-mediated). However, the precise mechanisms underlying differential mediator release in response to these stimuli are poorly known. This review summarizes our knowledge of MC mediators and will focus on what is known about the discriminatory release of these mediators dependent upon diverse stimuli, MC phenotypes, and species of origin, as well as on the intracellular synthesis, storage, and secretory processes involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Chul Moon
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - A. Dean Befus
- Pulmonary Research Group, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marianna Kulka
- National Institute for Nanotechnology, National Research Council, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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24
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Li LH, Wang ZC, Yu J, Zhang YQ. Ovariectomy results in variable changes in nociception, mood and depression in adult female rats. PLoS One 2014; 9:e94312. [PMID: 24710472 PMCID: PMC3978042 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0094312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Decline in the ovarian hormones with menopause may influence somatosensory, cognitive, and affective processing. The present study investigated whether hormonal depletion alters the nociceptive, depressive-like and learning behaviors in experimental rats after ovariectomy (OVX), a common method to deplete animals of their gonadal hormones. OVX rats developed thermal hyperalgesia in proximal and distal tail that was established 2 weeks after OVX and lasted the 7 weeks of the experiment. A robust mechanical allodynia was also occurred at 5 weeks after OVX. In the 5th week after OVX, dilute formalin (5%)-induced nociceptive responses (such as elevating and licking or biting) during the second phase were significantly increased as compared to intact and sham-OVX females. However, chronic constriction injury (CCI) of the sciatic nerve-induced mechanical allodynia did not differ as hormonal status (e.g. OVX and ovarian intact). Using formalin-induced conditioned place avoidance (F-CPA), which is believed to reflect the pain-related negative emotion, we further found that OVX significantly attenuated F-CPA scores but did not alter electric foot-shock-induced CPA (S-CPA). In the open field and forced swimming test, there was an increase in depressive-like behaviors in OVX rats. There was no detectable impairment of spatial performance by Morris water maze task in OVX rats up to 5 weeks after surgery. Estrogen replacement retrieved OVX-induced nociceptive hypersensitivity and depressive-like behaviors. This is the first study to investigate the impacts of ovarian removal on nociceptive perception, negative emotion, depressive-like behaviors and spatial learning in adult female rats in a uniform and standard way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Hong Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhe-Chen Wang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Integrative Medicine and Neurobiology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical Colloge, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu-Qiu Zhang
- Institute of Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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