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Niama W, Ben Said S, Rame C, Aroua M, Mahouachi M, Froment P, Dupont J. Evaluation of acute toxicity of Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima aqueous extracts in Swiss mice. Toxicon 2024; 239:107614. [PMID: 38237691 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima is a plant widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and used as a traditional medicine. The present study evaluated the biochemical composition and the potential toxicity of aqueous extract of whole Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima through acute toxicity oral administration in male mice. Phytochemical analysis of the Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima revealed high levels of reductor sugars and significant flavonoid and total phenol content. The aqueous extract of Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima was daily oral administered to mice at doses of 300 (group 1), 2000 (group 2) and 4000 (group 3) mg/kg body weight per day for 14 days. We observed no significant difference in the consumption of food, body weight and relative organ weights except for an increase in the seminal vesicles weight in group 3. Hematological parameters revealed the non-adverse effects of prolonged oral consumption of Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima except for a slight increase but significant of percentage of hematocrit in group 1 and 3 and a decrease in percentage of granulocytes in group 2. The histopathologic examination did not show any differences in vital organs. We also observed non-adverse effects on the reproductive parameters including testosterone concentration, spermatozoa motility and morphologies. Based on our findings, the aqueous extract of Scabiosa artropurperea var.maritima could be considered safe for oral medication in animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wijden Niama
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France; Laboratoire Appui à la Durabilité des Systèmes de Production Agricole dans la Région du Nord-Ouest, ESAK, Le Kef, Tunisia, University of Jendouba, 7100, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Samia Ben Said
- Laboratoire Appui à la Durabilité des Systèmes de Production Agricole dans la Région du Nord-Ouest, ESAK, Le Kef, Tunisia, University of Jendouba, 7100, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | | | - Mohamed Aroua
- Laboratoire Appui à la Durabilité des Systèmes de Production Agricole dans la Région du Nord-Ouest, ESAK, Le Kef, Tunisia, University of Jendouba, 7100, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Mokhtar Mahouachi
- Laboratoire Appui à la Durabilité des Systèmes de Production Agricole dans la Région du Nord-Ouest, ESAK, Le Kef, Tunisia, University of Jendouba, 7100, Jendouba, Tunisia
| | - Pascal Froment
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Joëlle Dupont
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France.
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Pi J, Gong T, He M, Zhu G. Aquatic plant root exudates: A source of disinfection byproduct precursors in constructed wetlands. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165590. [PMID: 37474067 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Aquatic plant-derived dissolved organic matter (DOM) in water bodies is an important source of disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors. It is therefore very important to investigate DBP formation, and the main DBP precursors that enter drinking water during treatment processes. In this study, Lythrum salicaria root extract (LSRE) and Acorus calamus root extract (ACRE) were analyzed. The LSRE and ACRE were chlorinated and disinfected to generate trihalomethanes, haloacetic acids, haloketones, and haloacetaldehydes. The DBP formation potential of LSRE, dominated by humus, was higher than that of Suwannee River natural organic matter (SRNOM), and trichloroacetic acid was the main DBP. It was calculated that 2.09 % of the increased DOC brought by the surface flow wetland planted with emergent aquatic plants, and the contribution rates of TCMFP, DCAAFP and TCAAFP in effluent were 3.34 %, 3.23 % and 3.05 %, respectively. A total of 706 chlorinated-formula were detected by FTICR-MS, among which mono- and di-chlorinated formulae were the most abundant. Macromolecular hydrophobic organics and tannins were the main precursors for LSRE. Unlike LSRE, the DOM composition of ACRE was dominated by protein or aliphatic compounds; therefore, the risk of DBP formation was not as high as that for LSRE. This study is the first to determine the risk of DBP formation associated with aquatic plant root extracts, and confirmed that tannins in plant-derived DOM are more important DBP precursors than lignins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachang Pi
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Tingting Gong
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Min He
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Guangcan Zhu
- School of Energy and Environment, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine Engineering, Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Zhang L, Guan Q, Zhang H, Tang L, Xu M. A spectroscopic and quantum chemical calculation method for the characterisation of metal ions complexed with propyl gallate and procyanidins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2977. [PMID: 36806744 PMCID: PMC9941574 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-30186-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The deprotonation mechanism for the phenolic hydroxyl and the complexing of metal ions with a commonly used food additive, propyl gallate (PG) were studied theoretically and experimentally. The interaction of procyanidins [PC, epicatechin16 (4 → 8) catechin], and its basic monomeric unit catechin (CA) with metal ions was studied by the fluorescence quenching spectra. The results showed that the 9-OH quinoid PG was formed at higher pH (10.9) by the oxidization of phenolic hydroxyl. The binding affinities (Ka) and stoichiometry of these metal ions with PG were determined. The Al3+ in PG-Al complex [Al(PG)(H2O)2Cl2]- was coordinated at the 8,9-OH doubly deprotonated catechol site with double chloride ions (Cl-) and double water molecules (H2O). The fluorescence quenching titration with Sn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Al3+ and Fe3+ revealed that the stoichiometries of metal-bound PC were 1:1, 2:3, 2:3, 2:3 and 1:1, respectively. The presence of bovine serum albumin (BSA) could enhance the complexing strength of PC with metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Zhang
- Academy of Advanced Carbon Conversion Technology, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, China.
| | - Qinhao Guan
- grid.509671.c0000 0004 1778 4534Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042 China
| | - He Zhang
- grid.510951.90000 0004 7775 6738Institute of Biomedical Health Technology and Engineering, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518107 China
| | - Lihua Tang
- grid.509671.c0000 0004 1778 4534Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042 China
| | - Man Xu
- grid.509671.c0000 0004 1778 4534Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, 210042 China
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Choi J, Liu G, Goo D, Wang J, Bowker B, Zhuang H, Kim WK. Effects of tannic acid supplementation on growth performance, gut health, and meat production and quality of broiler chickens raised in floor pens for 42 days. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1082009. [PMID: 36589444 PMCID: PMC9800873 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1082009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A study was conducted to investigate the effects of tannic acid (TA) supplementation on growth performance, gut health, antioxidant capacity, gut microbiota, and meat yield and quality in broilers raised for 42 days. A total of 700 one-day-old male broiler chickens (Cobb500) were allocated into 5 treatments with 7 replicates of 20 birds per pen. There were five treatments: 1) tannic acid 0 (TA0: basal diet without TA); 2) tannic acid 0.25 (TA0.25: basal diet+0.25 g/kg TA); 3) tannic acid 0.5 (TA0.5: basal diet+0.5 g/kg TA); 4) tannic acid 1 (TA1: basal diet+1 g/kg TA); and 5) tannic acid 2 (TA2: basal diet+2 g/kg TA). The dietary phases included starter (D 0 to 18; crumble feed), grower (D 18 to 28; pellet feed), and finisher (D 28 to 42; pellet feed). On D 18, the supplementation of TA linearly reduced body weight (BW) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p < 0.05), and on D 28, the supplementation of TA linearly reduced BW, average daily gain (ADG), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p < 0.05). Relative mRNA expression of genes related to mucin production (MUC2), tight junction proteins (CLDN2 and JAM2), and nutrient transporters (B0AT1 and SGLT1) was linearly increased by the supplementation of TA (p < 0.05). The supplementation of TA tended to linearly increase the relative abundance of the family Enterobacteriaceae (p = 0.08) and quadratically increased the relative abundance of the families Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in the cecal microbial communities (p < 0.05). On D 36, the ratio of the phyla Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes was quadratically reduced by the supplementation of TA (p < 0.05). On D 42, bone mineral density and the lean to fat ratio were linearly decreased by the supplementation of TA (p < 0.05). On D 43, total chilled carcass weight was linearly reduced (p < 0.05), and proportion of leg weight was increased by supplementation of TA (p < 0.05). The supplementation of TA linearly reduced pH of the breast meat (p < 0.05) and linearly increased redness (a*) (p < 0.05). Although the supplementation of TA positively influenced gut health and gut microbiota in the starter/grower phases, it negatively affected overall growth performance, bone health, and meat production in broilers on D 42.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janghan Choi
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Guanchen Liu
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Doyun Goo
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Jinquan Wang
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brain Bowker
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Hong Zhuang
- US National Poultry Research Center, USDA-ARS, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Woo Kyun Kim
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States,*Correspondence: Woo Kyun Kim,
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A comparative brain Toxico-Pharmacokinetics study of a developed tannic acid nanoparticles in the treatment of epilepsy. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chemical Characterisation, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Pinus pinaster Ait. and Pinus pinea L. Bark Polar Extracts: Prospecting Forestry By-Products as Renewable Sources of Bioactive Compounds. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12020784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Agroforestry by-products have gained rising attention in recent years as they represent inexpensive and abundant raw materials that are a source of added-value chemicals, e.g., for food and pharmaceutical applications, as well as for bioenergy generation. Pinus pinaster Ait. bark extracts are consumed worldwide for their cardiovascular benefits, whilst the health potential of Pinus pinea L. bark has not yet been deeply exploited. Therefore, this study highlights the chemical characterisation of Portuguese P. pinaster Ait. and P. pinea L. bark polar extracts, via ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-MSn) analysis, and their antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Quinic acid, an A-type procyanidin dimer isomer, protocatechuic acid, and quercetin were identified for the first time as P. pinea L. bark components. Moreover, this bark demonstrated a higher total content of identified polar compounds than P. pinaster Ait. bark, with quinic acid being the most abundant compound identified. Regarding antioxidant activity, the pine bark polar extracts exhibited strong reducing power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethyl-benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging effects compared to natural antioxidants. Moreover, the bactericidal actions of pine bark extracts were shown against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at a 3.13–25 mg mL−1 range. Globally, these promising insights can boost the sustainable exploitation of P. pinea L. bark, as already occurs with P. pinaster Ait. bark, for the food and biomedical fields.
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Yao J, Liu N, Li N, Li X, Hua X. Different metabolomic responses of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) to dietary tannin and rapeseed meal. AQUACULTURE AND FISHERIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aaf.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ieri F, Campo M, Cassiani C, Urciuoli S, Jurkhadze K, Romani A. Analysis of aroma and polyphenolic compounds in Saperavi red wine vinified in Qvevri. Food Sci Nutr 2021; 9:6492-6500. [PMID: 34925780 PMCID: PMC8645767 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze and characterize a Georgian red wine from Saperavi grape, obtained in Qvevri (Georgian traditional winemaking method), by using innovative techniques for the determination of the polyphenolic content, aroma, and its correlation to the sensory characteristics. This peculiar red wine, after high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection and mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-MS), headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS), and HS-SPME-GCxGC-MS/TOF (two-dimensional gas chromatography) chemical characterization showed a high polyphenol content (19.6 × 102 mg/L, 38.4% anthocyanins) and a wide range of volatile compounds, among which terpenes were associated with the aroma of flowers, lemongrass, and wood. Analyses were also conducted to determine the total polyphenol content correlated to antioxidant activity with the Folin-Ciocalteu spectrophotometric in vitro method (4.650 g GAE/L). In conclusion, for the first time on Saperavi wine, innovative techniques such as HPLC-DAD-MS, GC-MS, and GCxGC-MS/TOF were simultaneously applied in association with the traditional analytic techniques to perform a complete chemical characterization. These activities are part of a project about circular viticulture in the Georgian territory that will lead the production of traced quality wines and the valorization of the Georgian wine sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Ieri
- QuMAP LaboratoryPIN Polo Universitario Città di PratoPratoItaly
| | - Margherita Campo
- Department of Statistic, Informatics and Applications “G. Parenti” (DiSIA)Phytolab LaboratoryUniversity of FlorenceFIItaly
| | | | - Silvia Urciuoli
- Department of Statistic, Informatics and Applications “G. Parenti” (DiSIA)Phytolab LaboratoryUniversity of FlorenceFIItaly
| | | | - Annalisa Romani
- QuMAP LaboratoryPIN Polo Universitario Città di PratoPratoItaly
- Department of Statistic, Informatics and Applications “G. Parenti” (DiSIA)Phytolab LaboratoryUniversity of FlorenceFIItaly
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Wang H, Asker K, Zhan C, Wang N. Transcriptomic and Metabolic Analysis of Fruit Development and Identification of Genes Involved in Raffinose and Hydrolysable Tannin Biosynthesis in Walnuts. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:8050-8062. [PMID: 34232042 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c02434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Walnut (Juglans regia L.) is an important fruit tree with high nutrition in its nuts. Here, the development of walnut fruits was monitored, and nine biological samples at five developmental stages were collected and analyzed by transcriptomic and metabolic assays. Many phenolic metabolites accumulated in the peel of mature fruits, while lipids, carbohydrates, and amino acids and their derivatives mainly accumulated in the kernel. Fatty acid biosynthesis occurred at 13 weeks after pollination, and photosynthesis might occur in the exocarp of walnuts. By coexpression analysis of the transcriptome and metabolome, genes responsible for some metabolic pathways were predicted. Three genes encoding shikimate dehydrogenases (SDHs) that convert 3-dehydroshikimic acid to gallic acid (GA) and four genes encoding UDP-glycosyltransferase (UGT) that convert GA to β-glucogallin in the biosynthesis of hydrolysable tannins (HTs) were selected for functional confirmation. These three SDH genes were then expressed in Escherichia coli, and their recombinant proteins showed GA formation activity. Moreover, heterologous expression of the three SDH and four UGT genes in poplar hairy roots also showed a significant increase in GA and β-glucogallin accumulation, respectively. Taken together, we have provided an overview of walnut fruit development and uncovered genes involved in HT biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Keysarjan Asker
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chang Zhan
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Nian Wang
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center for Forestry Information, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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Liu J, Liu Y, He X, Teng B, McRae JM. Valonea Tannin: Tyrosinase Inhibition Activity, Structural Elucidation and Insights into the Inhibition Mechanism. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092747. [PMID: 34067030 PMCID: PMC8125085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Valonea tannin is a natural product readily extracted from acorn shells that has been suggested to have potential skin whitening properties. This study investigated the tyrosinase inhibition activity of extracted valonea tannin and the associated structure–function activity. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and molecular weight analysis with gel permeation chromatography revealed that valonea tannin could be characterized as a hydrolysable tannin with galloyl, hexahydroxydiphenoyl and open formed-glucose moieties and an average molecular weight of 3042 ± 15 Da. Tyrosinase inhibition assays demonstrated that valonea tannin was 334 times more effective than gallic acid and 3.4 times more effective than tannic acid, which may relate to the larger molecular size. Kinetic studies of the inhibition reactions indicated that valonea tannin provided tyrosinase inhibition through mixed competitive–uncompetitive way. Stern–Volmer fitted fluorescence quenching analysis, isothermal titration calorimetry analysis and in silico molecule docking showed valonea tannin non-selectively bound to the surface of tyrosinase via hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions. Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and free radical scavenging assays indicated the valonea tannin had copper ion chelating and antioxidant ability, which may also contribute to inhibition activity. These results demonstrated the structure–function activity of valonea tannin as a highly effective natural tyrosinase inhibitor that may have commercial application in dermatological medicines or cosmetic products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaman Liu
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Yuqing Liu
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Xiaofeng He
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (X.H.)
| | - Bo Teng
- College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; (J.L.); (Y.L.); (X.H.)
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jacqui M. McRae
- School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia;
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Sweet chestnut standardized fractions from sustainable circular process and green tea extract: In vitro inhibitory activity against phytopathogenic fungi for innovative applications in green agriculture. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247298. [PMID: 33617600 PMCID: PMC7899350 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, the antifungal activities of two commercial tannins-rich dry fractions towards different filamentous fungi of agronomical and food interest were evaluated. In particular, a standardized fraction from sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood by-products and a commercial green tea (Camellia sinensis L.) leaf extract were tested at different concentrations (0.1-5.0% and 0.2% w/v respectively). The Sweet Chestnut Wood fraction was produced in an industrial plant through an environmentally and economically sustainable process, involving hot-water extraction and a sequence of membrane filtration steps with different molecular cut-offs for fractionation and concentration of the active principles. The Sweet Chestnut Wood and Green Tea Leaf extracts were characterised via HPLC/DAD/MS quali-quantitative analysis. The first extract showed a polyphenolic content of 20.5% w/w, 100% hydrolysable tannins; the second one showed a polyphenolic content of 87.5% w/w, of which 96.2% epigallocatechin gallate and 3.8% epicatechin gallate. The antifungal activity of the Sweet Chestnut fraction in aqueous solutions was evaluated towards different filamentous fungi, in particular telluric phytopathogens (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici; Fusarium solani; Rhizoctonia solani; Sclerotium rolfsii) and post harvest pathogens (Botrytis cinerea, that can also attack field plants; Penicillium digitatum; Penicillium italicum), and compared to the activity of Green Tea Leaf extract solutions. The experimental results evidenced, for almost all tested fungi, inhibition of the mycelial growth rate in presence of tannins. The lowest inhibitions were observed for B. cinerea (7.5%, to 28.9%) and P. italicum (53.8% in 5.0% w/v Sweet Chestnut extract substrate). A proportional inhibitory effect to tannin concentration was observed for F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici and F. solani (from 33.7% to 56.6%), R. solani (from 29.7% to 68.8%) and P. digitatum (64.7% to 87.0%). The highest effect resulted for S. rolfsii, (5.0% to 100%).
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Dridi W, Bordenave N. Pine Bark Phenolic Extracts, Current Uses, and Potential Food Applications: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:1866-1879. [PMID: 32048960 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200212113903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarize the main findings from research on food uses of Pine Bark Phenolic Extracts (PBPE), their origin, methods of extraction, composition, health effects, and incorporation into food products. METHODS A narrative review of all the relevant papers known to the authors was conducted. RESULTS PBPE are mainly extracted from the bark Pinus pinaster. They are generally rich in procyanidins and their effects on health in the form of nutritional supplements include effect on some forms of cancer, on diabetes, on eye and skin health. Their method of extraction influences greatly their composition and yield, and commercially suitable methods are still to be developed. Incorporation into food products raises challenges related to bioavailability and subsequent bioactivity and sensory properties of the final products. CONCLUSION PBPE represent an opportunity for the development of functional foods with phenolic-rich bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Dridi
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nicolas Bordenave
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Jouali A, Salhi A, Aguedach A, Lhadi EK, El Krati M, Tahiri S. Photo-catalytic degradation of polyphenolic tannins in continuous-flow reactor using titanium dioxide immobilized on a cellulosic material. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:1454-1466. [PMID: 33079723 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Tannins are recalcitrant polyphenolic molecules that resist microbial attack. Their main environmental damage is due to their low biodegradability. This work aims to investigate the photo-catalytic degradation of two commercial tannin extracts, chestnut (hydrolysable tannin) and mimosa (condensed tannin). The experiments were carried out under UV-light irradiation in a continuous-flow reactor using titanium dioxide (TiO2) immobilized on cellulosic fibers. It was highlighted that photo-catalytic degradation is unfavourable in acidic medium and when the pH is too high (pH above 12); it reaches its maximum efficiency at pH 7.5 (99 and 97% for chestnut and mimosa, respectively). Nearly complete degradation of tannins requires an irradiation period of 6 h. The process efficiency is inversely affected by the concentration of tannins essentially above 75 mg/L for chestnut and 60 mg/L for mimosa. Above 240 mL/min, any increase in feed flow negatively affects the performance of the process. Furthermore, a significant decrease of treatment efficiency was seen when increasing the concentration of ethanol and salts in the medium. Obtained results suggest that UV-light irradiation in a continuous-flow photo-reactor using immobilized TiO2 may be considered as an adequate process for the treatment of water containing recalcitrant tannin molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelhadi Jouali
- Laboratory of Water and Environment (Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco E-mail:
| | - Anas Salhi
- Laboratory of Water and Environment (Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco E-mail:
| | - Abdelkahhar Aguedach
- Laboratory of Water and Environment (Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco E-mail:
| | - El Kbir Lhadi
- Laboratory of Water and Environment (Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco E-mail:
| | - Mohammed El Krati
- Laboratory of Water and Environment (Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco E-mail:
| | - Soufiane Tahiri
- Laboratory of Water and Environment (Research team: Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Process Engineering), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University Chouaïb Doukkali, P.O. Box 20, El Jadida 24000, Morocco E-mail:
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14
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Grape Seeds: Chromatographic Profile of Fatty Acids and Phenolic Compounds and Qualitative Analysis by FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy. Foods 2019; 9:foods9010010. [PMID: 31877706 PMCID: PMC7023066 DOI: 10.3390/foods9010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary product of the oenological sector is wine. Nonetheless, the grape processing produces large amounts of by-products and wastes, e.g., the grape seeds. In the context of a sustainable production, there is a strong push towards reutilizing these by-products and waste for making useful derivatives since they are rich of bioactive substances with high additional value. As it is true for the wine itself, bringing these by-products derivatives to the market calls for quality measures and analytical tools to assess quality itself. One of the main objectives is to collect analytical data regarding bioactive compounds using potentially green techniques. In the present work, the profile of fatty acids and the main phenolic compounds were investigated by conventional methods. The qualitative analysis of the main functional groups was carried out by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Moreover, the successful use of FTIR technique in combination with chemometric data analysis is shown to be a suitable analytical tool for discriminating the grape seeds. Grape seeds of different origin have different content of bioactive substances, making this technique useful when planning to recover a certain substance with specific potential application in health area as food supplement or nutraceutical. For example, Cesanese d’Affile seeds were found to have a rather high fat content with a significant fraction of unsaturated fatty acids. On the other hand, the seeds of Nero d’Avola exhibit the highest amount of phenolic compounds.
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15
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Yao J, Chen P, Apraku A, Zhang G, Huang Z, Hua X. Hydrolysable Tannin Supplementation Alters Digestibility and Utilization of Dietary Protein, Lipid, and Carbohydrate in Grass Carp ( Ctenopharyngodon idellus). Front Nutr 2019; 6:183. [PMID: 31921876 PMCID: PMC6928198 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2019.00183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannin, an antinutritional component of plant proteins was fed to grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus, 8. 18 ± 0.81 g) for 8 weeks to investigate their tolerance levels. Semi-purified diets (T0, T1, T2, and T3) with varying levels of hydrolysable tannin (0, 0.75, 1.25, and 1.75% respectively) were used. No significant difference was obtained in weight gain, while feed conversion ratio of T0 was significantly lower than T2. Muscle protein content of T0 and T3 were significantly higher than T2, while lipid content of T0 was significantly higher than other groups. Muscle and hepatic glycogen in T0 were significantly lower than other groups. Muscle saturated fatty acids in T3 were significantly higher than T0, and lowest in T1 and T2, while the poly-unsaturated fatty acids in T1 and T2 were higher than T0 and lowest in T3. Significant increases were obtained in trypsin and amylase activities as tannin levels increased, the lipase activity of T0 and T1 was significantly higher than T2 and T3. Activities of hepatic alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase decreased with increasing tannin level. The total protein in serum of T2 was significantly higher than T0 and T1 and lowest in T3, whereas globulin of T2 was significantly higher than T0 and T3 and lowest in T1, while albumin of T1 was significantly higher than other groups. Urea nitrogen of T0 was significantly higher than other groups, triglyceride and total cholesterol significantly increased with tannin level and decreased in T3, significant decreases were obtained in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in T3. mRNA expression of intestinal TOR was significantly upregulated as dietary tannin increased. In hepatopancreas, the expression of glucokinase in T1 was significantly higher than T2, and lowest in T0 and T3, pyruvate kinase in T2 was significantly higher than T0 and T1 and lowest T3. The expression of lipoprotein lipase upregulated as tannin level and downregulated in T3, and fatty acid synthase downregulated as tannin level. In conclusion, grass carp could tolerate 1.75% dietary tannin without influencing growth. However, 1.25% tannin impaired digestion and metabolism of protein, decreased the deposition of lipid and promoted utilization of carbohydrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingting Yao
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Editorial Office, Journal of Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Andrews Apraku
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gaigai Zhang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhongyuan Huang
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueming Hua
- Centre for Research on Environmental Ecology and Fish Nutrition (CREEFN) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai, China.,National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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16
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Veloso DJ, Abrão F, Martins CHG, Bronzato JD, Gomes BPFA, Higino JS, Sampaio FC. Potential antibacterial and anti-halitosis activity of medicinal plants against oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 2019; 110:104585. [PMID: 31838294 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2019.104585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro activity of the crude extracts obtained from Caesalpinia ferrea Mart. (Jucá), Cinnamomum cassia B. (Cinnamon), Mallow sylvestris L. (Mallow), Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate), Rosmarinus officinalis L. (Rosemary), Aeolanthus suaveolens (Als.) Spreng. (Macassá), Sysygium aromaticum L. (Clove), and Tamarindus indica L. (Tamarind) against oral microorganisms (e.g., Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Parvimonas micra) that produce volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). The pure extracts were placed in culture medium for the diffusion test in agar. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) was determined by the microdilution method, and microbial growth was assayed with resazurin. Total polyphenols in the extracts were measured by using the Prussian Blue Method. For the salivary sediment test, the sediments were exposed to the Jucá and Pomegranate extracts, which was followed by incubation and organoleptic measurements with a monitor (Halimeter®) at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 24 -h intervals. The diffusion test revealed mixed results for the extracts. When the zone of inhibition was present, it ranged from 1.6-10.3 mm. The Pomegranate extract was the only extract that inhibited all the evaluated microorganisms; the MIC values ranged from 50 to 400 μg/mL. The Pomegranate and Jucá extracts presented higher levels of polyphenols, 7.3 % and 3.9 %, respectively, and less VSC formation as compared to the negative control. In conclusion, the extracts display antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms. The investigated plants have the potential to reduce the main substances related to halitosis of oral origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejanildo J Veloso
- Federal University of Paraíba, Health Science Center, Campus I - Lot, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Fariza Abrão
- Applied Microbiology Research Laboratory, Franca University -UNIFRAN, Av. Dr. Armando de Sales Oliveira 201, Pq Universitario, Franca, SP, CEP 14404-600, Brazil
| | - Carlos H G Martins
- Applied Microbiology Research Laboratory, Franca University -UNIFRAN, Av. Dr. Armando de Sales Oliveira 201, Pq Universitario, Franca, SP, CEP 14404-600, Brazil; Federal University of Uberlandia, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology, Av. Pará, 1720 Bloco 4C, Sala 4C 202, Uberlandia, MG, CEP 38400-902, Brazil
| | - Juliana D Bronzato
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Brenda P F A Gomes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Endodontics Division, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas-UNICAMP, Av. Limeira 901, Bairro Areao, Piracicaba, SP, CEP 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Jane S Higino
- Federal University of Paraíba, Health Science Center, Campus I - Lot, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Fabio C Sampaio
- Federal University of Paraíba, Health Science Center, Campus I - Lot, Cidade Universitaria, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil
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17
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Biogenic Amines, Phenolic, and Aroma-Related Compounds of Unroasted and Roasted Cocoa Beans with Different Origin. Foods 2019; 8:foods8080306. [PMID: 31374934 PMCID: PMC6723343 DOI: 10.3390/foods8080306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biogenic amines (BAs), polyphenols, and aroma compounds were determined by chromatographic techniques in cocoa beans of different geographical origin, also considering the effect of roasting (95, 110, and 125 °C). In all samples, methylxantines (2.22–12.3 mg kg−1) were the most abundant followed by procyanidins (0.69–9.39 mg kg−1) and epicatechin (0.16–3.12 mg kg−1), all reduced by heat treatments. Volatile organic compounds and BAs showed variable levels and distributions. Although showing the highest BAs total content (28.8 mg kg−1), Criollo variety presented a good aroma profile, suggesting a possible processing without roasting. Heat treatments influenced the aroma compounds especially for Nicaragua sample, increasing more than two-fold desirable aldehydes and pyrazines formed during the Maillard cascade and the Strecker degradation. As the temperature increased, the concentration of BAs already present in raw samples increased as well, although never reaching hazardous levels.
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18
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A systematic review of the potential uses of pine bark in food industry and health care. Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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19
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The potential of the underutilized pulse bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.) for nutritional food security. J Food Compost Anal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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20
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Lee S, Kim WB, Park SH, Kim M, Kim D, Park J, Hwang DY, Lee H. Biological properties of butanol extracts from green pine cone of Pinus densiflora. Food Sci Biotechnol 2018; 27:1485-1492. [PMID: 30319859 PMCID: PMC6170263 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-018-0382-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the biological functions of the butanol extracts of green pine cones (GPCs) that had not ripened completely. The butanol extracts of GPC showed 78.22% DPPH-scavenging activity, 53.55% TEAC and 71.50% hyaluronidase (HAase) inhibition activity. They also exhibited inhibition activity against food poisoning microorganisms. The contents of total phenolic compounds and total flavonoids were 296.75 and 26.07 mg/g, respectively. Biologically active compounds were analyzed and separated using HPLC related to the DPPH-scavenging and HAase inhibition activities. Gallotannin was the primary biologically active compound with DPPH-scavenging and HAase inhibition activities in the GPC butanol extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoyoun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Baek Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - So Hae Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Doohyun Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Jumin Park
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Youn Hwang
- Department of Biomaterials Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, Gyeongsangnam-do 50463 Republic of Korea
| | - Heeseob Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
- Kimchi Research Institute, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241 Republic of Korea
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21
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Gascón S, Jiménez-Moreno N, Jiménez S, Quero J, Rodríguez-Yoldi MJ, Ancín-Azpilicueta C. Nutraceutical composition of three pine bark extracts and their antiproliferative effect on Caco-2 cells. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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22
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Lucarini M, Durazzo A, Romani A, Campo M, Lombardi-Boccia G, Cecchini F. Bio-Based Compounds from Grape Seeds: A Biorefinery Approach. Molecules 2018; 23:E1888. [PMID: 30060557 PMCID: PMC6222734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 07/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Food and agricultural waste represents a growing problem with negative effects on the economy, environment, and human health. Winemaking produces byproducts with high added value, which can be used for new productions in several application fields. From the perspective of biorefinery and circular economy, grape seeds could be exploited by extracting bioactive compounds with high added value before using biomass for energy purposes. The markets concerned are, in addition to the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals sectors, which use bioactive compounds, the sector of biopolymeric materials and of energy for the production of biohydrogen and biomethane. Generally, bioactive components should be investigated through an integrated and multidisciplinary study approach based on emerging analytical techniques; in this context, attention is addressed towards green and sustainable procedures; an update of extraction techniques, innovative technologies, and chemometrics are described. Nowadays, processes so far tested on a pilot scale for grape waste are developed to enhance the extraction yields. Here, a picture of the Italian experience applied to the byproducts of the wine industry is given.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, (Firenze), Italy.
| | - Margherita Campo
- PHYTOLAB, University of Florence, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, (Firenze), Italy.
| | | | - Francesca Cecchini
- CREA-Research Centre for Viticulture and Enology, 00049 Velletri, Roma, Italy.
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23
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Zhang J, Chen D, Han DM, Cheng YH, Dai C, Wu XJ, Che FY, Heng XY. Tannic acid mediated induction of apoptosis in human glioma Hs 683 cells. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6845-6850. [PMID: 29849785 PMCID: PMC5962853 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA), a natural plant compound, is known to induce the death of cancer cells in various types of cancer. The present study was designed with the aim of exploring the effects of tannic acid in vitro on HS 683, a glioma cell line, and to study the mechanism involved in the induction of cytotoxicity and apoptosis by TA. TA exhibited maximum cytotoxic activity against the Hs 683 cell line. Nuclear morphology, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining and annexin V/propidium iodide apoptosis assaying of Hs 683 cells confirmed that cell death was due to the induction of apoptosis by TA. Further mechanistic study of TA on Hs 683 cells revealed that it decreased cell growth with increasing TA concentration, that resulted in the activation of pro-caspase 3 and caspase 9 and the cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase, implying the induction of apoptosis cascades. Biochemical evidence of apoptosis resulted from the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species production by TA in a dose-dependent manner. Based on this data, TA may be further investigated as a potential anticancer therapeutic lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Clinical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Dian-Ming Han
- Department of Clinical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hao Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Xiu-Jie Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Feng-Yuan Che
- Department of Neurology, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Yuan Heng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Linyi People's Hospital, Linyi, Shandong 276000, P.R. China
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van Dooren I, Foubert K, Theunis M, Naessens T, Pieters L, Apers S. Advantages of a validated UPLC–MS/MS standard addition method for the quantification of A-type dimeric and trimeric proanthocyanidins in cranberry extracts in comparison with well-known quantification methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 148:32-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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25
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Ricci A, Parpinello GP, Palma AS, Teslić N, Brilli C, Pizzi A, Versari A. Analytical profiling of food-grade extracts from grape ( Vitis vinifera sp.) seeds and skins, green tea ( Camellia sinensis ) leaves and Limousin oak ( Quercus robur ) heartwood using MALDI-TOF-MS, ICP-MS and spectrophotometric methods. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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26
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Global Analysis of Type Three Secretion System and Quorum Sensing Inhibition of Pseudomonas savastanoi by Polyphenols Extracts from Vegetable Residues. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163357. [PMID: 27668874 PMCID: PMC5036890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Protection of plants against bacterial diseases still mainly relies on the use of chemical pesticides, which in Europe correspond essentially to copper-based compounds. However, recently plant diseases control is oriented towards a rational use of molecules and extracts, generally with natural origin, with lower intrinsic toxicity and a reduced negative environmental impact. In this work, polyphenolic extracts from vegetable no food/feed residues of typical Mediterranean crops, as Olea europaea, Cynara scolymus, and Vitis vinifera were obtained and their inhibitory activity on the Type Three Secretion System (TTSS) and the Quorum Sensing (QS) of the Gram-negative phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. nerii strain Psn23 was assessed. Extract from green tea (Camellia sinensis) was used as a positive control. Collectively, the data obtained through gfp-promoter fusion system and real-time PCR show that all the polyphenolic extracts here studied have a high inhibitory activity on both the TTSS and QS of Psn23, without any depressing effect on bacterial viability. Extracts from green tea and grape seeds were shown to be the most active. Such activity was confirmed in planta by a strong reduction in the ability of Psn23 to develop hyperplastic galls on explants from adult oleander plants, as well as to elicit hypersensitive response on tobacco. By using a newly developed Congo red assay and an ELISA test, we demonstrated that the TTSS-targeted activity of these polyphenolic extracts also affects the TTSS pilus assembly. In consideration of the potential application of polyphenolic extracts in plant protection, the absence of any toxicity of these polyphenolic compounds was also assessed. A widely and evolutionary conserved molecular target such as Ca2+-ATPase, essential for the survival of any living organism, was used for the toxicity assessment.
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Ghoreishi S, Hedayati A, Mohammadi S. Optimization of periodic static-dynamic supercritical CO 2 extraction of taxifolin from pinus nigra bark with ethanol as entrainer. J Supercrit Fluids 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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28
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Campo M, Pinelli P, Romani A. Hydrolyzable Tannins from Sweet Chestnut Fractions Obtained by a Sustainable and Eco-friendly Industrial Process. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sweet Chestnut ( Castanea sativa Mill.) wood extracts, rich in Hydrolyzable Tannins (HTs), are traditionally used in the tanning and textile industries, but recent studies suggest additional uses. The aim of this work is the HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS characterization of Sweet Chestnut aqueous extracts and fractions obtained through a membrane separation technology system without using other solvents, and the evaluation of their antioxidant and antiradical activities. Total tannins range between 2.7 and 138.4 mM; gallic acid ranges between 6% and 100%; castalagin and vescalagin range between 0% and 40%. Gallic Acid Equivalents, measured with the Folin-Ciocalteu test, range between 0.067 and 56.99g/100g extract weight; ORAC test results for the marketed fractions are 450.4 and 3050 μmol/g Trolox Equivalents/extract weight. EC50 values, measured with the DPPH test, range between 0.444 and 2.399 μM. These results suggest a new ecofriendly and economically sustainable method for obtaining chestnut fractions with differentiated, stable and reproducible chemical compositions. Such fractions can be marketed for innovative uses in several sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margherita Campo
- Consortium I.N.S.T.M., Via G. Giusti 9, I-50121 Florence, Italy
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food supplement Technology and Analysis) - DiSIA, Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti”, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 – 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Patrizia Pinelli
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food supplement Technology and Analysis) - DiSIA, Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti”, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 – 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
| | - Annalisa Romani
- PHYTOLAB (Pharmaceutical, Cosmetic, Food supplement Technology and Analysis) - DiSIA, Department of Statistics, Computer Science, Applications “G. Parenti”, University of Florence, Via U. Schiff, 6 – 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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29
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Catelani TA, Bittar DB, Pezza L, Pezza HR. A Rapid and Eco-Friendly Method for Determination of Hydrolysable Tannins and Its Application to Honey Samples. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-016-0454-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Skowyra M, Falguera V, Gallego G, Peiró S, Almajano MP. Antioxidant properties of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of tara (Caesalpinia spinosa) pods in vitro and in model food emulsions. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:911-918. [PMID: 23929224 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The successful replacement of some synthetic food antioxidants by safe natural antioxidants has fostered intensive search for new vegetable sources of antioxidants. In our study the phenol and flavonoid content of extracts of tara pods was determined. The antioxidant activity was also studied by three different analytical assays: the measurement of scavenging capacity against a radical ABTS⁺ , the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). RESULTS All analyzed samples showed a good antioxidant capacity, but the use of a solution of ethanol 75% in a 1 h ultrasonic process allowed achieving the greatest quantity of phenolics (0.464 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE) g⁻¹ dry weight (DW) ) and the highest antioxidant activity measured by the ABTS⁺ and ORAC methods (10.17 and 4.29 mmol L⁻¹ Trolox equivalents (TE) g⁻¹ DW, respectively). The best method for efficient extraction of flavonoids (3.08 mg catechin equivalent (CE) g⁻¹ DW) was a 24 h maceration in cold water. Two extracts obtained with ethanol 75% and water were added to a model food system (oil-in-water emulsion) and the oxidative stability was studied during storage at 38 °C. Oxidation was monitored by determination of the peroxide value. The addition of 48 µg mL⁻¹ ethanol extract to the emulsion delayed oxidation to the same extent as 17.8 µg mL⁻¹ of Trolox, while water extract was only effective in the early stages of the oxidation process. CONCLUSION The results of this study indicate that ethanolic tara extracts may be suitable for use in food, cosmetic and nutraceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Skowyra
- Chemical Engineering Department, Technical University of Catalonia, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
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Abstract
Phenolic compounds sourced from agro-based feedstock, viz. cashew nut shell liquid, lignin, tannin, palm oil, and coconut shell tar, have come up as sustainable alternatives to petro-based feedstock. This review explores their utility as green polymer feedstock with citation of ~ 600 references.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimlesh Lochab
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- Greater Noida, India
| | - Swapnil Shukla
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Natural Sciences
- Shiv Nadar University
- Greater Noida, India
| | - Indra K. Varma
- Centre for Polymer Science and Engineering
- IIT, Delhi
- New Delhi, India
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Avci H, Monticello R, Kotek R. Preparation of antibacterial PVA and PEO nanofibers containing Lawsonia Inermis (henna) leaf extracts. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2013; 24:1815-30. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2013.804758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Avci
- a College of Textiles, Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , 27695-8301 , USA
| | - R. Monticello
- b International Antimicrobial Council , 1629 K Street, Suite 300, Washington , DC , 20006 , USA
| | - R. Kotek
- a College of Textiles, Textile Engineering Chemistry and Science, North Carolina State University , Raleigh , NC , 27695-8301 , USA
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Effects of plant tannin supplementation on animal responses and in vivo ruminal bacterial populations associated with bloat in heifers grazing wheat forage1. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.15232/s1080-7446(15)30386-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Sarnoski PJ, Boyer RR, O’Keefe SF. Application of Proanthocyanidins from Peanut Skins as a Natural Yeast Inhibitory Agent. J Food Sci 2012; 77:M242-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2012.02652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Phytochemical and antioxidant-related investigations on bark of Abies spectabilis (D. Don) Spach. from Nepal. Molecules 2012; 17:1686-97. [PMID: 22318324 PMCID: PMC6268527 DOI: 10.3390/molecules17021686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 02/07/2012] [Accepted: 02/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The bark of several coniferous species, a waste product of the timber industry, contains significant amounts of natural antioxidants. In our ongoing studies of Nepalese medicinal plants, we examined the bark from Abies spectabilis as the starting material for extracting antioxidant compounds. In vitro antioxidant activity evaluated by means of three antioxidant methods, namely 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Briggs-Rauscher oscillating reaction (BR) and Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (TEAC) and total phenol contents with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent; the ferrous iron chelating capacity was also assessed. The methanol extract of A. spectabilis showed significant antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents (IC50 4.13 µg/mL, 0.20 μg/mL eq. resorcinol, 4.22 mM eq. Trolox, 3.9 µg/g eq. gallic Acid in the DPPH, BR, TEAC and Folin-Ciocalteau tests, respectively) and weak Fe2+ chelating capacity. Phytochemical studies were also carried out with 1D- and 2D NMR experiments and DI-ESI-MS, HPLC-DAD and LC-MSn measurements. Oligomeric C-type proanthocyanidins, mainly trimeric gallocatechin derivatives, were the most abundant compounds (16% of extract expressed as procyanindin B1). Gallocatechin oligomers (up to six units) and prodelphynidin-gallocatechin polymers were also identified in the extract. Prodelphynidin B4, cyclograndisolide and trans-docosanil ferulate were also isolated and characterized by NMR and MS spectroscopy.
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Romani A, Campo M, Pinelli P. HPLC/DAD/ESI-MS analyses and anti-radical activity of hydrolyzable tannins from different vegetal species. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Yu X, Chu S, Hagerman AE, Lorigan GA. Probing the interaction of polyphenols with lipid bilayers by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2011; 59:6783-6789. [PMID: 21574575 PMCID: PMC3124816 DOI: 10.1021/jf200200h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols are bioactive natural products that appear to act against a wide range of pathologies. Mechanisms of activity have not been established, but recent studies have suggested that some polyphenols bind to membranes. This study examined the interaction between lipid bilayers and three structurally diverse polyphenols. It was hypothesized that features of the polyphenols such as polarity, molecular size, molecular geometry, and number and arrangement of phenol hydroxyl groups would determine the tendency to interact with the bilayer. The examined compounds included a mixed polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCg); a proanthocyanidin trimer comprising catechin-(4→8)-catechin-(4→8)-catechin (cat₃; and a hydrolyzable tannin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG). These polyphenols were incorporated at different levels into ²H-labeled 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) multilamellar vesicles (MLVs). ³¹P and ²H solid-state NMR experiments were performed to determine the dynamics of the headgroup region and the hydrophobic acyl chain region of the lipid bilayer upon addition of polyphenols. The chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) width of the ³¹P NMR spectra decreased upon addition of polyphenols. Addition of PGG induces a dramatic reduction on the CSA width compared with the control lipid bilayer sample, whereas addition of cat₃ barely reduces the CSA width. The ²H quadupolar splitting of the lipids also decreased upon addition of polyphenols. At the same concentration, PGG substantially reduced the quadrupolar splitting, whereas cat₃ barely reduced it when compared with the control sample. From a calculation of the order parameters of the acyl chain region of the lipid bilayer, it was concluded that the hydrophobic part of the lipid bilayer was perturbed by PGG, whereas cat₃ did not cause large perturbations. The data suggest that the polarity of the polyphenols affects the interaction between tannins and membranes. The interactions may relate to the biological activities of polyphenols.
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Quideau S, Deffieux D, Douat-Casassus C, Pouységu L. Pflanzliche Polyphenole: chemische Eigenschaften, biologische Aktivität und Synthese. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Quideau S, Deffieux D, Douat-Casassus C, Pouységu L. Plant polyphenols: chemical properties, biological activities, and synthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2011; 50:586-621. [PMID: 21226137 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1507] [Impact Index Per Article: 115.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Eating five servings of fruits and vegetables per day! This is what is highly recommended and heavily advertised nowadays to the general public to stay fit and healthy! Drinking green tea on a regular basis, eating chocolate from time to time, as well as savoring a couple of glasses of red wine per day have been claimed to increase life expectancy even further! Why? The answer is in fact still under scientific scrutiny, but a particular class of compounds naturally occurring in fruits and vegetables is considered to be crucial for the expression of such human health benefits: the polyphenols! What are these plant products really? What are their physicochemical properties? How do they express their biological activity? Are they really valuable for disease prevention? Can they be used to develop new pharmaceutical drugs? What recent progress has been made toward their preparation by organic synthesis? This Review gives answers from a chemical perspective, summarizes the state of the art, and highlights the most significant advances in the field of polyphenol research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Quideau
- Université de Bordeaux, Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (CNRS-UMR 5255), 2 rue Robert Escarpit, 33607 Pessac Cedex, France.
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Brusotti G, Ngueyem TA, Biesuz R, Caccialanza G. Optimum extraction process of polyphenols from Bridelia grandis stem bark using experimental design. J Sep Sci 2010; 33:1692-7. [PMID: 20309897 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Euphorbiaceae barks are known to contain an appreciable amount of polyphenolic compounds responsible for several biological activities. Preliminary extraction from Bridelia grandis stem bark afforded high content of polyphenols, determined by spectrophotometric methods such as Folin-Ciocalteu (for total phenols, TP) and n-butanol-HCl (for condensed tannins, CT). A preliminary Plackett-Burman screening design was used to identify the key factors that influence the TP and CT extraction. Between all the variables known to influence the extraction from vegetable matrixes, six were selected; maceration was chosen as traditional extraction methodology. To investigate the effect of solvents and extraction method, methanol, acetone 70% (v/v in water), centrifugation and ultrasound were chosen. A full factorial design 2(3) was applied to optimize the extraction procedure. The responses were obtained analyzing the extracts for their TP and CT contents determined by the above-mentioned spectrophotometric methods. The results confirm that, within the explored domain, the optimum solvent is methanol and the optimum method is one-cycle centrifugation. Finally, it was also compared with the effect of maceration on the considered responses. It has never given results better than centrifugation, whereas in the case of CT it represents an advantage to employ a three-cycle centrifugation instead of one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Brusotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
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González MJ, Torres JL, Medina I. Impact of thermal processing on the activity of gallotannins and condensed tannins from Hamamelis virginiana used as functional ingredients in seafood. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:4274-4283. [PMID: 20222659 DOI: 10.1021/jf904032y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic extracts from witch hazel, Hamamelis virginiana, are efficient antioxidants against fish lipid peroxidation. The impact of fish thermal processes on the hydrolyzable polyphenols from this source was studied. H. virginiana polyphenols included 80% of hydrolyzable tannins, characterized by a mixture of glucose gallates containing from 5 to 10 units of gallic acid, hamamelitannin, and 20% of proanthocyanidins. Structural modifications of the polyphenols during thermal processes were determined by HPLC-MS. Changes in their reducing and free radical scavenging capacities as a result of high temperatures were also determined. Thermal processes triggered a significant breakdown of hydrolyzable tannins with 6-10 galloyl units to give pentagalloyl glucose (PGG). The release of high concentrations of free gallic acid especially in long-term thermally processed samples leads to an increase of the antioxidant ability of heated H. virginiana extracts. Such an increase was evidenced by an increment in the reducing and radical scavenging capacities as well as an improvement in the antioxidant effectiveness for inhibiting lipid oxidation of processed fatty fish muscle.
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A comparative study of flavonoid contents and antioxidant activities of supercritical CO2 extracted pine barks grown in different regions of Turkey and Germany. Eur Food Res Technol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-009-1101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Lopes GC, Bruschi ML, Mello JCP. RP-LC-UV Determination of Proanthocyanidins in Guazuma ulmifolia. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-0990-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yesil-Celiktas O, Otto F, Gruener S, Parlar H. Determination of extractability of pine bark using supercritical CO(2) extraction and different solvents: optimization and prediction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:341-347. [PMID: 19113873 DOI: 10.1021/jf8026414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bark from Pinus brutia was extracted with supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), using CO(2), at various extraction conditions both at laboratory and at pilot scale. Optimized parameters were 200 bar, 60 degrees C, and 3% ethanol at a solvent/feed ratio of 30. Additionally, the pine bark was sonicated (1 h at 50 degrees C) by different solvents (n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol) to investigate the correlation between the different extraction setups and to obtain information on SFE up-scaling possibilities. Analyzed by HPLC, 7.2% of (-)-catechin was extractable at laboratory scale, and 58.4% (800 bar) and 47.8% (200 bar), both with modifiers, at pilot scale. By sonication with ethanol, 46.8% of (-)-catechin and almost 100% of (-)-epicatechin and (-)-catechin gallate were extracted. Ethyl acetate extract revealed high correlations with the laboratory scale SFE (r = 0.98) and also pilot scale SFE runs at 200 (r = 0.99) and 800 bar (r = 0.98) without modifiers.
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Ngueyem TA, Brusotti G, Marrubini G, Grisoli P, Dacarro C, Vidari G, Finzi PV, Caccialanza G. Validation of use of a traditional remedy from Bridelia grandis (Pierre ex Hutch) stem bark against oral Streptococci. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2008; 120:13-16. [PMID: 18703125 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2008.07.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2007] [Revised: 07/15/2008] [Accepted: 07/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Bridelia grandis (Pierre ex Hutch) (Euphorbiaceae) is a medicinal plant traditionally used in Cameroon by pygmies Baka as a remedy for oral cavity affection. Bioassay-guided stem bark extracts were investigated for their in vitro antimicrobial properties as well as their phytochemical constituents. MATERIALS AND METHODS The first extraction was carried out according to the traditional use. Further extractions were carried out with solvents of different polarity such as methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and mixtures of MeOH-H2O. The antimicrobial activity of the extracts against oral Streptococci was evaluated on the basis of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) by the macrodilution method; the bacterial surface hydrophobicity was also evaluated. RESULTS Water, methanol and mixtures methanol-water extracts, exhibited antibacterial activity with MIC between 0.5 and 2mg/ml justifying the traditional use of Bridelia grandis stem bark for oral cavity affection. Preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed on the most active extract (methanol) using appropriate tests and well established analytical screening methods, such as TLC and RP-HPLC/DAD. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained indicate that tannins constitute the chemical family responsible for the biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T A Ngueyem
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Mono-galloyl glucose derivatives are potent poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitors and partially reduce PARP-1-dependent cell death. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 155:1235-49. [PMID: 18806807 DOI: 10.1038/bjp.2008.370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Maintenance of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) polymers at homoeostatic levels by PAR glycohydrolase (PARG) is central in cell functioning and survival. Yet the pharmacological relevance of PARG inhibitors is still debated. Gallotannin, a complex mixture of hydrolysable tannins from oak gall, inhibits PARG but which of its constituents is responsible for the inhibition and whether the pharmacodynamic properties are due to its antioxidant properties, has not yet been established. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH A structure-activity relationship study was conducted on different natural and synthetic tannins/galloyl derivatives as potential PARG inhibitors, using a novel in vitro enzymic assay. Cytotoxicity was assayed in cultured HeLa cells. KEY RESULTS Mono-galloyl glucose compounds were potent inhibitors of PARG, with activities similar to that of ADP-(hydroxymethyl) pyrrolidinediol, the most potent PARG inhibitor yet identified. When tested on HeLa cells exposed to the PAR polymerase (PARP)-1-activating compound 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), 3-galloyl glucose weakly inhibited PAR degradation. Conversely, the more lipophilic, 3-galloyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene glucose, despite being inactive on the pure enzyme, efficiently prolonged the half-life of the polymers in intact HeLa cells. Also, PARG inhibitors, but not radical scavengers, reduced, in part, cell death caused by MNNG. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, our findings identify mono-galloyl glucose derivatives as potent PARG inhibitors, and emphasize the active function of this enzyme in cell death.
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Chen KS, Hsiao YC, Kuo DY, Chou MC, Chu SC, Hsieh YS, Lin TH. Tannic acid-induced apoptosis and -enhanced sensitivity to arsenic trioxide in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Leuk Res 2008; 33:297-307. [PMID: 18790533 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2008.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2008] [Revised: 08/03/2008] [Accepted: 08/04/2008] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Tannic acid (TA), a glucoside of gallic acid polymer, has been shown to possess anti-bacterial, anti-enzymatic, anti-tumor and astringent properties. However, the anti-cancer activity of TA in leukemia is still obscure. In this study, we showed TA-induced apoptotic death in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) HL-60 cells via dose- and time-dependent manner as well as increase of sub-G1 fraction, chromosome condensation, and DNA fragmentation. Further analysis demonstrated the involvement of activation of caspase cascade, cleavage of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, and release of Cytochrome C, in TA-induced apoptosis. These effects were probably associated with the increase of intracellular superoxide in mitochondrial signaling pathway which attributed to the down-regulation of superoxide dismutase (SOD). Notably, a low dose of TA is sufficient to aggravate arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3))-induced cytotoxicity in HL-60 cells. Altogether, this study suggested the effects of TA to induce apoptosis in HL-60 and therapeutic potential in AML by being an adjunct to As(2)O(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo-Shuen Chen
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, No. 110 Section 1, Chien Kuo N. Road, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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Arapitsas P, Menichetti S, Vincieri FF, Romani A. Hydrolyzable tannins with the hexahydroxydiphenoyl unit and the m-depsidic link: HPLC-DAD-MS identification and model synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2007; 55:48-55. [PMID: 17199312 DOI: 10.1021/jf0622329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to develop efficient analytical tools for the difficult HPLC-DAD-MS identification of hydrolyzable tannins in natural tissue extracts. Throughout the study of the spectroscopic characteristics of properly synthesized stereodefined standards, it was observed that the UV-vis spectra of compounds with the m-depsidic link showed a characteristic shoulder at 300 nm, consistent with the simple glucogalloyl esters, whereas compounds with the hexahydroxydiphenoyl (HHDP) unit gave a diagnostic fragmentation pattern, caused by a spontaneous lactonization in the mass spectrometer. These observations were confirmed by HPLC-DAD-MS analyses of tannic acid and raspberry extracts, which are rich in hydrolyzable tannins with the m-depsidic link and the HHDP unit, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Arapitsas
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy
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Buzzini P, Turchetti B, Ieri F, Goretti M, Branda E, Mulinacci N, Romani A. Catechins and Proanthocyanidins: Naturally Occurring O-Heterocycles with Antimicrobial Activity. TOPICS IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/7081_2007_065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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