1
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Gao Y, Liu SQ, Wang JL, Cui HM, Zhang QY, Wang L, Zhang YX, Li J, Dong Y, Hu YH. Vitro UPLC analysis and mass method identification, and in vivo or cellular immune anti-inflammatory function of Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction (SHXD). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117002. [PMID: 37544343 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Sanhuang Xiexin Decoction (SHXD), consisting of Coptis chinensis Franch., Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Rheum palmatum L., is traditionally used for relieving fever, purging fire for removing toxins, eliminating phlegm and haemostasis, eliminating the wetness-evil from the upper warmer, clearing away the heat-evil and expelling superficial evils. Each of the three herbs contained in SHXD has been indicated to have anti-inflammatory effects in vivo, but its effects on rat NK-cell phenotypes remain unexplored, and the comprehensive mechanism of this compound SHXD in curing the inflammation induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) remains to be revealed. AIM OF THE STUDY The study aim was to assess the effect of SHXD on LPS-induced fever and inflammation in a rat model, reduce NLRP3 activation in NK cells expressing specific cell phenotype antibodies and determine the therapeutic value of this approach in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS SHXD extract was prepared and analysed by the developed ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the simultaneous detection of 14 compounds. The main peaks were firstly identified on an Orbitrap via high resolution tandem mass spectrometry (MS). Then, the extract was used in the rat model of LPS-induced inflammation and fever for pharmacologically study the effects of drug treatment. Peripheral blood lymphocyte cells were isolated from the animals, including those subjected to the SHXD extract treatment, and the cell phenotype was determined prior to cell culture and after treating the cell cultures with the extract. The phenotypes of cells harvested using CD3, CD4, CD8a, CD81, CD161 and CD86 antibodies were used to verify the enhanced memory of the peripheral blood lymphocytes cells (PBMC) that were induced into nature killer (NK) cells. RESULTS The SHXD extract was prepared, analysed and identified via quality control equipment and was observed to have pharmacological effects that reduced NLRP3 activation and fever in rats. The production of NK cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes was induced by the SHXD extract, which manifested as increased levels of CD4+, CD8a+, CD81+, CD161+ and CD86+ cells. The levels of CD3+ cells were significantly different between the model group and the drug-treated or control groups (p < 0.01) with dose independence, while the levels of CD4+ cells were not significantly different between the drug-treated and control groups, with a trend towards lower levels in the model group with dose independence. The levels of CD4+ cells was significantly different between the drug-treated group and the model groups with dose independence (p < 0.05). The levels of CD86+ cells were not significantly different between the drug-treated group and the model and control groups. The levels of CD8a + cells was significantly different between the model group and the drug and control groups (p < 0.05, dose 2.0 μg/ml), with higher levels in the drug-treated group. The levels of CD3+, CD4+, CD8a + cells in the drug treated group have dose dependence with SHXD. CONCLUSIONS This experiment revealed that SHXD reduced NLRP3 activation in the blood of LPS-treated rats, which occurred through the activation of NK cells that expressed CD3, CD8a and CD161. SHXD may possess anti-inflammatory effect via activacting the one of major pharmacology effcet of NK cells that expressed CD3, CD8a and CD161 phenotypes expression. This result demonstrates that SHXD may possess ability to enhance the memory of peripheral blood lymphocytes and natural killer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Gao
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Shi-Qiao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Jia-Long Wang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Han-Ming Cui
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Qiu-Yan Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300381, China.
| | - Yi-Xin Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, China.
| | - Jian Li
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yu Dong
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Yuan-Hui Hu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100053, China.
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Ołdak Ł, Zielińska Z, Gorodkiewicz E. Methods of PARP-1 Determination and its Importance in Living
Organisms. Protein Pept Lett 2022; 29:496-504. [DOI: 10.2174/0929866529666220405160715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
PARP-1 is one of the 18 PARP enzymes that are involved in important processes at the
cellular level. The most important tasks of PARP-1 are to detect and repair DNA damage and to
prevent processes of apoptosis. By finding and using new strategies for marking and detecting the
activity of this protein, it is possible to identify more and more tasks in which it participates. In
pathological states, PARP-1 activity increases significantly. Since the 1980s, scientists have been
searching for and discussing substances that may inhibit PARP-1 activity and disrupt DNA damage
response pathways. In this way, unwanted cells could be destroyed. The paper presents a short
description of the methods used in the determination of PARP-1 by various research groups. A
critical approach to each of them was also made by pointing to the advantages and disadvantages of
the described analytical methods. The literature review contains information on methods useful for
PARP-1 determination, such as SPR, QCM, CL and FL, DPV, SDS-PAGE with MS, MALDI MS,
Western Blot, ELISA and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. It also includes analysis of the results of
research on inhibitors that may be effective in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer and other
diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Ołdak
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
- Doctoral School of Exact and Natural Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Bioanalysis Laboratory, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Zielińska
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Ewa Gorodkiewicz
- Bioanalysis Laboratory, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bialystok, Ciolkowskiego 1K, 15-245, Bialystok, Poland
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3
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Omotola EO, Oluwole AO, Oladoye PO, Olatunji OS. Occurrence, detection and ecotoxicity studies of selected pharmaceuticals in aqueous ecosystems- a systematic appraisal. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 91:103831. [PMID: 35151848 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical compounds (PCs) have globally emerged as a significant group of environmental contaminants due to the constant detection of their residues in the environment. The main scope of this review is to fill the void of information on the knowledge on the African occurrence of selected PCs in environmental matrices in comparison with those outside Africa and their respective toxic actions on both aquatic and non-aquatic biota through ecotoxicity bioassays. To achieve this objective, the study focused on commonly used and detected pharmaceutical drugs (residues). Based on the conducted literature survey, Africa has the highest levels of ciprofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, lamivudine, acetaminophen, and diclofenac while Europe has the lowest of all these PC residues in her physical environments. For ecotoxicity bioassays, the few data available are mostly on individual groups of pharmaceuticals whereas there is sparsely available data on their combined forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oyinkansola Omotola
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban 4000, South Africa; Department of Chemical Sciences, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode PMB 2118, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, United States
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4
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Novel therapeutic strategies and perspectives for pancreatic cancer: Autophagy and apoptosis are key mechanisms to fight pancreatic cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 38:74. [PMID: 34019188 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01522-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the most lethal malignancy of the gastrointestinal tract. The poor prognosis of patients with PC is primarily due to lack of effective treatments against its progressive and metastatic behavior. Hence, figuring out the mechanisms underlying PC development and putting up with effective targeted therapies are of great significance to improve the prognosis of patients with PC. Apoptosis and autophagy serve to maintain tissue homoeostasis. Escaping from apoptosis or autophagy is one of the features of malignancy. PC is seriously resistant to autophagy and apoptosis, which explains its invasiveness and resistance to conventional treatment. Recently, several biological activities and pharmacological functions found in natural product extracts have been reported to inhibit PC progression. The current review focuses on understanding natural product extracts and their derivatives as one kind of novel treatments through affecting the apoptosis or autophagy in PC.
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5
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Suktham K, Daisuk P, Shotipruk A. Microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidative anthraquinones from roots of Morinda citrifolia L. (Rubiaceae): Errata and review of technological development and prospects. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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6
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Xiang H, Zuo J, Guo F, Dong D. What we already know about rhubarb: a comprehensive review. Chin Med 2020; 15:88. [PMID: 32863857 PMCID: PMC7448319 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-020-00370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhubarb (also named Rhei or Dahuang), one of the most ancient and important herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), belongs to the Rheum L. genus from the Polygonaceae family, and its application can be traced back to 270 BC in "Shen Nong Ben Cao Jing". Rhubarb has long been used as an antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic and anticancer medicine in China. However, for a variety of reasons, such as origin, variety and processing methods, there are differences in the effective components of rhubarb, which eventually lead to decreased quality and poor efficacy. Additionally, although some papers have reviewed the relationship between the active ingredients of rhubarb and pharmacologic actions, most studies have concentrated on one or several aspects, although there has been great progress in rhubarb research in recent years. Therefore, this review aims to summarize recent studies on the geographic distribution, taxonomic identification, pharmacology, clinical applications and safety issues related to rhubarb and provide insights into the further development and application of rhubarb in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiang
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiaxin Zuo
- Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fangyue Guo
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Deshi Dong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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7
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Chen DB, Gao HW, Peng C, Pei SQ, Dai AR, Yu XT, Zhou P, Wang Y, Cai B. Quinones as preventive agents in Alzheimer's diseases: focus on NLRP3 inflammasomes. J Pharm Pharmacol 2020; 72:1481-1490. [PMID: 32667050 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a hidden neurological degenerative disease, which main clinical manifestations are cognitive dysfunction, memory impairment and mental disorders. Neuroinflammation is considered as a basic response of the central nervous system. NLRP3 (Nucleotide-binding domain leucine-rich repeat (NLR) and pyrin domain containing receptor 3) inflammasome is closely related to the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome results in the release of cytokines, pore formation and ultimately pyroptosis, which has demonstrated one of the critical roles in AD pathogenesis. Inhibition of the activity of NLRP3 is one of the focuses of the research. Therefore, NLRP3 represents an attractive pharmacological target, and discovery compounds with good NLRP3 inhibitory activity are particularly important. KEY FINDINGS Quinones have good neuroprotective effects and prevent AD, which may be related to their regulation of inflammatory response. The molecular docking was used to explore 12 quinones with AD prevention and treatment and NLRP3. Docking results showed that the combination of anthraquinones and NLRP3 were the best, and the top two chemical compounds were Purpurin and Rhein, which are the most promising NLRP3 inhibitors. SUMMARY These quinones may provide the theoretical basis for finding lead compounds for novel neuroprotective agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Bao Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Hua-Wu Gao
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Shao-Qiang Pei
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - An-Ran Dai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Xue-Ting Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
| | - Biao Cai
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Institute of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicinal Formula, Hefei, China
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8
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Yan Y, Shi N, Han X, Li G, Wen B, Gao J. UPLC/MS/MS-Based Metabolomics Study of the Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Rats Induced by Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:10489-10500. [PMID: 32426606 PMCID: PMC7227050 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c00647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (PM) is one of the most frequently used natural products in China. Its hepatotoxicity has been proven and reported. However, chronic PM toxicity is a dynamic process, and a few studies have reported the long-term hepatotoxic mechanism of PM or its nephrotoxicity. To elucidate the mechanism of hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by PM after different administration times, different samples from rats were systematically investigated by traditional biochemical analysis, histopathological observation, and nontargeted metabolomics. The concentrations of direct bilirubin (DBIL) at 4 weeks and total bile acid, DBIL, uric acid, and blood urea nitrogen at 8 weeks were significantly increased in the treatment group compared with those in the control group. Approximately, 12 metabolites and 24 proteins were considered as unique toxic biomarkers and targets. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that the primary pathways disrupted by PM were phenylalanine and tyrosine metabolism, which resulted in liver injury, accompanied by chronic kidney injury. As the administration time increased, the toxicity of PM gradually affected vitamin B6, bile acid, and bilirubin metabolism, leading to aggravated liver injury, abnormal biochemical indicators, and marked nephrotoxicity. Our results suggest that the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity caused by PM are both dynamic processes that affect different metabolic pathways at different administration times, which indicated that PM-induced liver and kidney injury should be treated differently in the clinic according to the degree of injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Dongfang
Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese
Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan 1st Block, Fengtai District, Beijing 100078, P. R.
China
| | - Ning Shi
- Pharmaceutical
Department of Characteristic Medical Center, Strategic Support Force, Beijing 100101, P. R. China
| | - Xuyang Han
- Beijing
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Hospital of Traditional
Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100010, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Li
- Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100078, P. R.
China
| | - Binyu Wen
- Dongfang
Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese
Medicine, No. 6 Fangxingyuan 1st Block, Fengtai District, Beijing 100078, P. R.
China
| | - Jian Gao
- Beijing
University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11, Bei San Huan Dong Lu, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100078, P. R.
China
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9
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Li Z, Huang L, Xia N, Teng J, Wei B, Peng D. Amount of
Eurotium
sp. in Chinese Liupao tea and its relationship with tea quality. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 128:1658-1668. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.14589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Li
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - Li Huang
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - N. Xia
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - J. Teng
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - B. Wei
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
| | - D. Peng
- Institute of Light Industry and Food Engineering Guangxi University Nanning China
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10
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Chen C, Fu Z, Zhou W, Chen Q, Wang C, Xu L, Wang Z, Zhang H. Ionic liquid-immobilized NaY zeolite-based matrix solid phase dispersion for the extraction of active constituents in Rheum palmatum L. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2019.104245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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11
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Collett MG. Photosensitisation diseases of animals: Classification and a weight of evidence approach to primary causes. Toxicon X 2019; 3:100012. [PMID: 32550569 PMCID: PMC7285960 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxcx.2019.100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Clare's (1952) classification system for photosensitisation diseases (types I, II, III and Uncertain) has endured many years of use despite some confusion regarding his secondary, or type III, category, as well as the more recent discovery of two mechanisms (types I and II) of phototoxicity. Therefore, to reduce confusion in terminology, I propose that Clare's four groups be known as primary (or direct), secondary (indirect or hepatogenous), endogenous (aberrant porphyrin synthesis), and idiopathic. The use of the word type can then be reserved for the mechanisms of phototoxicity. Clare's (1952, 1955) papers listed three plants as primary photosensitisers and three as idiopathic. In the literature, several other plants have been associated with photosensitisation in farm animals. Most of these are likely to have a primary pathogenesis; however, the weight of evidence for all but a few is sparse. With respect to plants (and certain mycotoxins and insects) implicated in primary photosensitisation outbreaks, McKenzie's "toxicity confidence rankings" (Australia's Poisonous Plants, Fungi and Cyanobacteria, 2012) has been adapted to "phototoxic agent confidence rankings". Thus, plants, mycotoxins or insects can be categorised regarding phototoxicity, i.e. definite (A); some evidence (B); suspected (C); or phototoxin isolated but no field cases known (D), and weight of evidence, i.e. field cases (1); experimental feeding produces photosensitisation (2); phototoxin isolated (3); phototoxin produces photosensitisation experimentally (4); and/or correlation of the action spectrum/chromatogram in blood or skin with the absorption spectrum/chromatogram of the phototoxin (5). As a result, confidence rankings ranging from A5 to D1 can be allocated. From the available literature, at least seventeen plant species can be ranked as A5 (definite phototoxicity with a maximum weight of evidence). The relatively recent breakthrough regarding the discovery of phototoxic anthraquinones in Heterophyllaea spp. has led to the serendipitous association of the same and similar anthraquinones as the most likely phototoxins in alligator weed (Alternanthera philoxeroides).
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12
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Lin L, Liu Y, Fu S, Qu C, Li H, Ni J. Inhibition of Mitochondrial Complex Function-The Hepatotoxicity Mechanism of Emodin Based on Quantitative Proteomic Analyses. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030263. [PMID: 30897821 PMCID: PMC6468815 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin is the main component of traditional Chinese medicines including rhubarb, Polygonum multiflorum, and Polygonum cuspidatum. It has confirmed hepatotoxicity and may be the main causative agent of liver damage associated with the above-mentioned traditional Chinese medicines. However, current research does not explain the mechanism of emodin in hepatotoxicity. In this study, L02 cells were used as a model to study the mechanism of emodin-induced hepatocyte apoptosis using quantitative proteomics, and the results were verified by Western blot. A total of 662 differentially expressed proteins were discovered and analyzed using Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway enrichment analysis. The results show that the oxidative phosphorylation pathway is highly represented. Abnormalities in this pathway result in impaired mitochondrial function and represent mitochondrial damage. This result is consistent with mitochondria membrane potential measurements. Analysis of differentially expressed proteins revealed that emodin mainly affects oxidative phosphorylation pathways by inhibiting the function of the mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes; the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex activity assay result also confirmed that emodin could inhibit the activity of all mitochondrial complexes. This results in an increase in caspase-3, a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP,) an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disorders in ATP synthesis, etc., eventually leading to mitochondrial damage and hepatocyte apoptosis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- Institute Chinese materia medica china academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Yuling Liu
- Institute Chinese materia medica china academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Sai Fu
- Institute Chinese materia medica china academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Changhai Qu
- School of Chinese material medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Hui Li
- Institute Chinese materia medica china academy of Chinese medical sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese material medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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13
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Xing Y, Wang L, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Hu L, Gao X, Han L, Yang W. Pharmacokinetic studies unveiled the drug–drug interaction between trans-2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside and emodin that may contribute to the idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity of Polygoni Multiflori Radix. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 164:672-680. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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14
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Wang J, Feng J, Xu L, Ma J, Li J, Ma R, Sun K, Wang Z, Zhang H. Ionic liquid-based salt-induced liquid-liquid extraction of polyphenols and anthraquinones in Polygonum cuspidatum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2019; 163:95-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2018.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 09/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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15
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Shi Y, Zhong Y, Sun A, Gao B, Sun C, Xiong J. Validation of a rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous analysis of 15 key chemicals in slimming foods and herbal products. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:912-919. [PMID: 30010836 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmy068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and simple high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for simultaneous analysis of 15 key chemicals in slimming foods and herbal products. These chemicals were strictly restricted adulterants (phenolphthalein, sibutramine, fenfluramine, clopamide, ephedrine, norpseudoephedrine, caffeine and phenformin) and physiologically relevant active components (l-carnitine, nuciferine, aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion). In multi-day validations, intra- (n = 5) and inter-day precision (n = 3), limits of detection and limits of quantification for all analytes were 0.60-7.22%, 0.75-9.45%, 0.09-10 μg/L and 0.30-33.3 μg/L, respectively. Mean recovery ranged from 71.4% to 116% for all analytes in three representative samples. The method was validated on 17 samples including 12 kinds of slimming foods and five kinds of herbal products, and was shown to be ideal for routine quantification of 15 key chemicals in slimming foods and herbal products, providing an efficient strategy for quality control and food safety evaluation of weight reducing supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yanqin Zhong
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Aimin Sun
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Analytical and Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengjun Sun
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- Healthy Food Evaluation Research Center, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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16
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Chen H, Zhao C, He R, Zhou M, Liu Y, Guo X, Wang M, Zhu F, Qin R, Li X. Danthron suppresses autophagy and sensitizes pancreatic cancer cells to doxorubicin. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 54:345-353. [PMID: 30389604 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2018] [Revised: 10/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In contrast to the steady increase in survival observed for most cancer types, advances have been slow for pancreatic cancers. Current chemotherapy has limited benefits for patients with pancreatic cancer. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective pancreatic cancer treatment strategies. At present, targeting the autophagic pathway is regarded as a promising new strategy for cancer treatment. Danthron (1,8-dihydroxyanthrquinone), a component from Rheum palmatum L. (polygonaceae), has several biological activities. However, the inhibition of autophagy by danthron has never been recognized, previously.Here we find that danthron may prevent autophagy, inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. Autophagy induced by doxorubicin plays a protective role in pancreatic cancer cells and inhibition of autophagy by chloroquine or silencing autophagy protein 5 (Atg5) may chemosensitize pancreatic cancer cell lines to doxorubicin. Similarly, inhibition of autophagy by danthron also enhances toxicity of doxorubicin to pancreatic cancer cells. These results indicate that danthron has an anticancer effect and can sensitize the chemotherapeutic effect of doxorubicin on pancreatic cancer cells. These findings also suggest that inhibition of autophagy may be an effective way to promote the chemotherapy of pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Chunle Zhao
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Ruizhi He
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yuhui Liu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xingjun Guo
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Renyi Qin
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
| | - Xu Li
- Department of Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery, Affiliated Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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17
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Du KZ, Chen Y, Li J, Tang G, Tian F, He J, Chang Y. Quantification of eight active ingredients in crude and processed radix polygoni multiflori applying miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction followed by UHPLC. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3486-3495. [PMID: 30028075 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A rapid, efficient, and green sample preparation method has been developed to extract eight active ingredients (gallic acid, catechins, epicatechin, polydatin, 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside, resveratrol, emodin, and physcion) in radix polygoni multiflori by miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction. Simple and sensitive ultra high performance liquid chromatography combined with ultraviolet detection has been applied to analyze the multiple compounds. The best results were obtained by adding 25 mg sample into 25 mg adsorbent and grinding for 2 min with disorganized silica as adsorbent and 1 mL 150 mM 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide as a green eluting solvent. Good linearity (r2 > 0.998) for each analyte was obtained by this method. The intra-day and inter-day precision (RSD) were both below 5.31%, and the recoveries of the analytes ranged from 93.3 to 100.0%. This simple miniaturized matrix solid-phase dispersion microextraction method for analyzing the compounds in radix polygoni multiflori needs a short time and requires little sample and reagent. Thus, this method is far more eco-friendly and efficient than traditional extraction methods (reflux and ultrasound-assisted extraction). The present investigation provided a promising method for the fast preparation and discrimination of chemical differences in crude and processed radix polygoni multiflori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ze Du
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Ge Tang
- Department of Nephrology. The First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Fei Tian
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun He
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxu Chang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, China
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18
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Liu Y, Wang Q, Yang J, Guo X, Liu W, Ma S, Li S. Polygonum multiflorum Thunb.: A Review on Chemical Analysis, Processing Mechanism, Quality Evaluation, and Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:364. [PMID: 29713283 PMCID: PMC5912012 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. and its processed products have been used in China for centuries due to their multiple beneficial effects to human body. Currently, liver injuries caused by taking P. multiflorum have been reported worldwide, but the potential toxic components and possible mechanism that caused hepatotoxicity remain unclear. It is worth noting that the processing procedure could significantly decrease the toxicity of raw P. multiflorum and the processed products of P. multiflorum are considered to be relatively safe. However, the processing mechanism is still ambiguous, and there is the lack of a scientific approach to control the quality of P. multiflorum praeparata. This study is the first review that summarizes the recently advances (from 2007 to 2017) in the chemical analysis of P. multiflorum, and provides comprehensive information on the quantitative and qualitative analysis of P. multiflorum as well as its related species. In addition, the processing mechanism and quality evaluation of processed P. multiflorum are discussed. Moreover, the toxicity of P. multiflorum is analyzed from the perspectives of exploration of the proposed toxic ingredients, metabolite identification, metabolomics studies, and exogenous contaminant determination. Furthermore, trends and perspectives for future research of this medicine are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jianbo Yang
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohan Guo
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxi Liu
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Institute for Control of Chinese Traditional Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, China.,School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shaoping Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
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19
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Synthesis of anthraquinone-capped TiO2 nanoparticles using R. emodi roots: preparation, characterization and cytotoxic potential. RENDICONTI LINCEI-SCIENZE FISICHE E NATURALI 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-018-0696-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Dai H, Chen Z, Shang B, Chen Q. Identification and Quantification of Four Anthraquinones in Rhubarb and its Preparations by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci 2018; 56:195-201. [PMID: 29206919 DOI: 10.1093/chromsci/bmx103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
A gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) method was developed for the determination of four anthraquinones found in rhubarb. Chrysophanol, physcion, aloe-emodin and emodin were confirmed by GC-MS and the possible main cleavage pathways of fragment ions are discussed in this study. Rhubarb is a traditional Chinese medicinal herb which required an effective evaluation method to quantitate the four major active anthraquinone compounds described. The determinations of analytes were accomplished by GC-MS using osthole as an internal standard. MS detection was performed in selected ion monitoring mode to increase the sensitivity. The method was evaluated by a number of validation characteristics (precision, limit of detection, calibration range and recovery). The calibration ranges were all 3.2-30.0 μg/mL. This method was fully validated and showed good performances in terms of recovery (96.9-102.9%) and precision (1.4-2.9%). Finally, the method was applied to the analysis of four anthraquinones in rhubarb and its preparations in the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heshuang Dai
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 16 Daling Road, Hubei Shiyan 442008, China
| | - Zhiqiong Chen
- Colleges of Pharmacy, Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Medical College Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Bing Shang
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 16 Daling Road, Hubei Shiyan 442008, China
| | - Qinhua Chen
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, 16 Daling Road, Hubei Shiyan 442008, China
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21
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Wang Q, Wang Y, Li Y, Wen B, Dai Z, Ma S, Zhang Y. Identification and characterization of the structure-activity relationships involved in UGT1A1 inhibition by anthraquinone and dianthrone constituents of Polygonum multiflorum. Sci Rep 2017; 7:17952. [PMID: 29263357 PMCID: PMC5738440 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18231-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The adverse effects of Polygonum (P.) multiflorum, including abnormal bilirubin metabolism, are a serious public health issue. As uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucuronosyltransferase 1A1 (UGT1A1) is the only enzyme responsible for bilirubin metabolism, we investigated the inhibitory effect of a P. multiflorum extract and 10 anthraquinone and dianthrone compounds on UGT1A1 in rat liver microsomes in vitro. The P. multiflorum extract exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on UGT1A1 activity (inhibition constant [Ki] = 0.3257 μM, 1422 μg of material/mL), followed by cis-emodin dianthrones (Ki = 0.8630 μM), trans-emodin dianthrones (Ki = 1.083 μM), emodin-8-O-glc (Ki = 3.425 μM), and polygonumnolide C2 (Ki = 4.291 μM). Analysis of the structure–activity relationships of these compounds suggested that the spatial orientation of the molecules and the presence of particular functional groups affect UGT1A1 inhibition. A mechanistic analysis showed that all the tested compounds docked into two of the nine active sites of UGT1A1 and suggested that hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds are important for the affinity of the tested compounds for UGT1A1; moreover, their interaction energies were generally in agreement with the Ki values. These findings provide insight into adverse reactions to P. multiflorum and identify the pharmacophores involved in inhibition of UGT1A1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yadan Wang
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Yong Li
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Binyu Wen
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100078, China
| | - Zhong Dai
- National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuangcheng Ma
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China. .,National Institutes for Food and Drug Control, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Yujie Zhang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China.
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22
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Meier N, Meier B, Peter S, Wolfram E. In-Silico UHPLC Method Optimization for Aglycones in the Herbal Laxatives Aloe barbadensis Mill., Cassia angustifolia Vahl Pods, Rhamnus frangula L. Bark, Rhamnus purshianus DC. Bark, and Rheum palmatum L. Roots. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22111838. [PMID: 29076992 PMCID: PMC6150557 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22111838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
For the European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) herbal monograph draft of Cassia angustifolia Vahl. and Cassia senna L. leaves and pods, a safety limitation of aloe-emodin and rhein was proposed, due to toxicological concerns. A quantitative, analytical method of the anthraquinone aglycones in all Ph. Eur. monographed herbal laxatives is of interest. A rational method development for the aglycones aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion in five herbal drugs was realized by using 3D chromatographic modelling (temperature, solvent, and gradient time) and design of experiment (DOE) software (DryLab® 4). A methodical approach suitable for the challenging peak tracking in the chromatograms of the herbal drugs in dependence on the changes in the chromatographic conditions is described by using a combination of mass spectroscopy (MS) data (UHPLC-QDa), UV/Vis-spectra, and peak areas. The model results indicate a low robust range and showed that with the selected chromatographic system, small interferences could not be averted. The separation achieved shows a pure UV/Vis spectrum for all aglycones except for chrysophanol in Aloe barbadensis and emodin in Cassia angustifolia fruit. A gradient with the best resolution of the aglycones in all five drugs is proposed, and its suitability demonstrated for the quantification of aglycones in these herbal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Meier
- Phytopharmacy & Natural Products Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zuerich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Beat Meier
- Phytopharmacy & Natural Products Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zuerich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Samuel Peter
- Phytopharmacy & Natural Products Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zuerich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
| | - Evelyn Wolfram
- Phytopharmacy & Natural Products Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Zuerich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), CH-8820 Waedenswil, Switzerland.
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23
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Hasanpourghadi M, Pandurangan AK, Mustafa MR. Modulation of oncogenic transcription factors by bioactive natural products in breast cancer. Pharmacol Res 2017; 128:376-388. [PMID: 28923544 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenesis, a multi-step phenomenon, characterized by alterations at genetic level and affecting the main intracellular pathways controlling cell growth and development. There are growing number of evidences linking oncogenes to the induction of malignancies, especially breast cancer. Modulations of oncogenes lead to gain-of-function signals in the cells and contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype. These signals yield a large number of proteins that cause cell growth and inhibit apoptosis. Transcription factors such as STAT, p53, NF-κB, c-JUN and FOXM1, are proteins that are conserved among species, accumulate in the nucleus, bind to DNA and regulate the specific genes targets. Oncogenic transcription factors resulting from the mutation or overexpression following aberrant gene expression relay the signals in the nucleus and disrupt the transcription pattern. Activation of oncogenic transcription factors is associated with control of cell cycle, apoptosis, migration and cell differentiation. Among different cancer types, breast cancer is one of top ten cancers worldwide. There are different subtypes of breast cancer cell-lines such as non-aggressive MCF-7 and aggressive and metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells, which are identified with distinct molecular profile and different levels of oncogenic transcription factor. For instance, MDA-MB-231 carries mutated and overexpressed p53 with its abnormal, uncontrolled downstream signalling pathway that account for resistance to several anticancer drugs compared to MCF-7 cells with wild-type p53. Appropriate enough, inhibition of oncogenic transcription factors has become a potential target in discovery and development of anti-tumour drugs against breast cancer. Plants produce diverse amount of organic metabolites. Universally, these metabolites with biological activities are known as "natural products". The chemical structure and function of natural products have been studied since 1850s. Investigating these properties leaded to recognition of their molecular effects as anticancer drugs. Numerous natural products extracted from plants, fruits, mushrooms and mycelia, show potential inhibitory effects against several oncogenic transcription factors in breast cancer. Natural compounds that target oncogenic transcription factors have increased the number of candidate therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current findings of natural products in targeting specific oncogenic transcription factors in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Hasanpourghadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ashok Kumar Pandurangan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Rais Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Centre for Natural Products Research and Drug Discovery, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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24
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Zhong Y, Sun C, Xiong J, Shi Y. Simultaneous determination of eight adulterants in weight management supplements and herbs by HPLC–DAD and LC–MS/MS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2017.1343730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Zhong
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- School of Public Health, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Chenjun Sun
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyuan Xiong
- Research Center for Public Health and Preventive Medicine, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Shi
- Department of Public Health Laboratory Sciences, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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25
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Yang W, Zhang Y, Wu W, Huang L, Guo D, Liu C. Approaches to establish Q-markers for the quality standards of traditional Chinese medicines. Acta Pharm Sin B 2017; 7:439-446. [PMID: 28752028 PMCID: PMC5518652 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has played a pivotal role in maintaining the health of Chinese people and is now gaining increasing acceptance around the global scope. However, TCM is confronting more and more concerns with respect to its quality. The intrinsic "multicomponent and multitarget" feature of TCM necessitates the establishment of a unique quality and bioactivity evaluation system, which is different from that of the Western medicine. However, TCM is investigated essentially as "herbal medicine" or "natural product", and the pharmacopoeia quality monographs are actually chemical-markers-based, which can ensure the consistency only in the assigned chemical markers, but, to some extent, have deviated from the basic TCM theory. A concept of "quality marker" (Q-marker), following the "property-effect-component" theory, is proposed. The establishment of Q-marker integrates multidisciplinary technologies like natural products chemistry, analytical chemistry, bionics, chemometrics, pharmacology, systems biology, and pharmacodynamics, etc. Q-marker-based fingerprint and multicomponent determination conduce to the construction of more scientific quality control system of TCM. This review delineates the background, definition, and properties of Q-marker, and the associated technologies applied for its establishment. Strategies and approaches for establishing Q-marker-based TCM quality control system are presented and highlighted with a few TCM examples.
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26
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Duval R, Duplais C. Fluorescent natural products as probes and tracers in biology. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:161-193. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence is a remarkable property of many natural products in addition to their medicinal and biological value. Herein, we provide a review of these peculiar secondary metabolites to stimulate prospecting of them as original fluorescent tracers, endowed with unique photophysical properties and with applications in most fields of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Duval
- IRD
- UMR 216 IRD MERIT (Mère et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales)
- Université Paris-Descartes
- 75006 Paris
- France
| | - Christophe Duplais
- CNRS
- UMR 8172 EcoFoG (Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane)
- AgroParisTech
- Cirad
- INRA
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27
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Marioni J, Arce JE, Cabrera JL, Paraje MG, Núñez Montoya SC. Reduction of Candida tropicalis biofilm by photoactivation of a Heterophyllaea pustulata extract. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2791-2801. [PMID: 27256704 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1183683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Biofilm formation is an important problem, since this growth mode confers resistance to drugs usually used in therapeutics. OBJECTIVE In vitro antifungal activity of extracts obtained from Heterophyllaea pustulata Hook f. (Rubiaceae) were studied against Candida tropicalis biofilms, evaluating the effect of irradiation and the oxidative and nitrosative stresses as possible mechanisms of action. MATERIALS AND METHODS Hexane, benzene, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were evaluated at three concentrations (0.2, 0.1 and 0.05 mg/mL) over mature biofilm, under darkness and irradiation. After 48 h of incubation, biofilm quantitation was performed by the O'Toole and Kolter method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured by nitro-blue tetrazolium (NBT) reaction and reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI) by the Griess reagent. Superoxide dismutase activation (SOD, NBT assay) and total antioxidant system (FRAP test) were studied. RESULTS Only the benzene extract at 0.2 mg/mL reduced the biofilms formation. The slight decrease achieved in darkness (17.06 ± 2.80% reduction) was increased by light action (39.31 ± 3.50% reduction), clearly observing a photostimulation. This great reduction was confirmed by confocal microscopy. In darkness, biofilm reduction was mediated by an increase in RNI, whereas under irradiation, the ROS action was most important. Although no SOD activation was observed, a strong stimulation of the total antioxidant system was detected. HPLC analysis established a high content of several anthraquinones in this extract. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Biofilm reduction by benzene extract was mainly mediated by oxidative stress triggered under light action, confirming a photodynamic sensitization, which could be attributed to its high content of photosensitizing anthraquinones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Marioni
- a IMBIV-CONICET, Departamento De Farmacia, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Nacional De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
- b IMBIV-CONICET , Cátedra De Microbiología, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Físicas Y Naturales . Universidad Nacional De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Julio E Arce
- b IMBIV-CONICET , Cátedra De Microbiología, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Físicas Y Naturales . Universidad Nacional De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - José L Cabrera
- a IMBIV-CONICET, Departamento De Farmacia, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Nacional De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - María G Paraje
- b IMBIV-CONICET , Cátedra De Microbiología, Facultad De Ciencias Exactas Físicas Y Naturales . Universidad Nacional De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
| | - Susana C Núñez Montoya
- a IMBIV-CONICET, Departamento De Farmacia, Facultad De Ciencias Químicas , Universidad Nacional De Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina
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28
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Chen HF, Chen YH, Liu CH, Wang L, Chen X, Yu BY, Qi J. Integrated chemometric fingerprints of antioxidant activities and HPLC-DAD-CL for assessing the quality of the processed roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Heshouwu). Chin Med 2016; 11:18. [PMID: 27076840 PMCID: PMC4830048 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-016-0087-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The processed roots of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb. (Heshouwu; processed HSW) are commonly used in anti-aging medicine. Few reports have combined chemical profiles with bioactivity to evaluate the quality of the processed HSW. This study aims to integrate chemometric fingerprints of antioxidant activities and high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–chemiluminescence (HPLC–DAD–CL) to assess the quality of processed HSW. Methods An online HPLC–DAD–CL based on the three reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and peroxynitriteanion, was developed to screen the potential anti-aging constituents for a comprehensive quality evaluation of processed HSW. Additionally, antioxidant-activity-integrated fingerprints were constructed and hierarchical cluster analysis and principal component analysis were used to evaluate the variations among 14 batches of processed HSW samples purchased from drug stores in different habitats. Results Fourteen batches of processed HSW samples were highly similar and classified into two clusters using hierarchical cluster analysis. Twelve active compounds exhibited antioxidant activity on the ROS with different degrees of sensitivity that constituted specific fingerprints. Among them, protocatechuic acid, catechin, trans-2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-d-glucoside, 2,3,5, 4′-tetrahydroxy-stilbene-2-O-β-d-(2′′-galloyl)-glucoside, torachrysone-8-O-glucoside, and emodin-8-O-β-d-glucoside exerted relatively large influences on the differences between processed HSW samples. Conclusion Our study established the antioxidative activity-integrated fingerprint for processed HSW and achieved a screening of the potential anti-aging constituents using the online HPLC–DAD–CL method with H2O2, O2•−, and ONOO−scavenging experiments. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13020-016-0087-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Fang Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 210009 China ; Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of TCM of Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004 China
| | - You Hua Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Chun Hua Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Lu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Xi Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of TCM Evaluation and Translational Research, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 210009 China
| | - Bo Yang Yu
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198 China
| | - Jin Qi
- Department of Complex Prescription of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, 639 Longmian Road, Nanjing, 211198 China
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Wang Z, Hu J, Du H, He S, Li Q, Zhang H. Microwave-assisted ionic liquid homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with high performance liquid chromatography for the determination of anthraquinones in Rheum palmatum L. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2016; 125:178-85. [PMID: 27023130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2016.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The microwave-assisted ionic liquid homogeneous liquid-liquid microextraction (MA-IL-HLLME) coupled with high performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was developed for the determination of anthraquinones, including aloe-emodin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion in root of Rheum palmatum L. Several experimental parameters influencing the extraction efficiency, including amount of sample, type and volume of ionic liquid, volume and pH value of extraction medium, microwave power and extraction time, concentration of NH4PF6 as well as centrifugal condition were optimized. When 140μL of ionic liquid ([C8MIM][BF4]) was used as an extraction solvent, target analytes can be extracted from sample matrix in one minute with the help of microwave irradiation. The MA-IL-HLLME is simple and quick. The calibration curves exhibited good linear relationship (r>0.9984). The limits of detection and quantification were in the range of 0.015-0.026 and 0.051-0.088μgmL(-1), respectively. The spiked recovery for each analyte was in the range of 81.13-93.07% with relative standard deviations lower than 6.89%. The present method is free of volatile organic solvents, and represents lower expenditures of sample, extraction time and solvent, compared with ultrasonic and heat reflux extraction. The results indicated that the present method can be successfully applied to the determination of anthraquinones in medicinal plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibing Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China; College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Jianxue Hu
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hongxia Du
- Department of Chemical Engineeing, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing 210048, China
| | - Shuang He
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Changchun University of Technology, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Hanqi Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China.
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Lin L, Lin H, Zhang M, Ni B, Yin X, Qu C, Ni J. A novel method to analyze hepatotoxic components in Polygonum multiflorum using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:249-59. [PMID: 26135484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum, called Heshouwu in China, is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat various diseases. However, the administration of P. multiflorum (PM) and P. multiflorum Praeparata (PMP) causes numerous adverse effects. This study sought to analyze the toxic components of PM using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), and their hepatotoxicity in L02 human liver cells. Toxicity was evaluated by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage, and liver enzyme secretion (aspartate aminotransferase [AST] and alanine aminotransferase [ALT]) assays. Furthermore, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, Progenesis QI, and Makerlynx XS software analyses were used to differentiate extracts and analyze the toxic components. The order of toxicity was P. multiflorum ethanol extract (PME)>P. multiflorum water extract (PMW)>P. multiflorum Praeparata ethanol extract (PMPE)>P. multiflorum Praeparata water extract (PMPW), which was determined by MTT assay, LDH leakage, and liver enzyme secretion levels. The analysis methods suggest that PM toxicity may be associated with anthraquinone, emodin-O-(malonyl)-hex, emodin-O-glc, emodin, emodin-8-O-glc, emodin-O-(acetyl)-hex, and emodin-O-hex-sulphate. The toxic mechanisms of these components require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Boran Ni
- School of Basic Medical Science, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- Modern Research Center for TCM, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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31
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Wang N, Su M, Liang S, Sun H. Investigation of six bioactive anthraquinones in slimming tea by accelerated solvent extraction and high performance capillary electrophoresis with diode-array detection. Food Chem 2015; 199:1-7. [PMID: 26775937 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.11.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A rapid and effective method for effective separation and rapid simultaneous determination of six bioactive anthraquinones by capillary zone electrophoresis was developed. An accelerated solvent extraction procedure was used for the extraction of anthraquinones from slimming tea. Under the optimized conditions, the effective separation of six anthraquinones was achieved within 8 min. Good linearity was achieved, with a correlation coefficient (r) of ⩾ 0.999. The limit of detection ranged from 0.33 to 1.40 μg mL(-1). The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviation (RSD) of the six analytes was in the range of 2.3-3.9% and 3.2-4.9%, respectively. The average recovery of the six analytes from real tea samples was in the range of 86.15-98.30% with the RSD of 1.04-4.99%. The developed and validated method has speediness, high sensitivity, recovery and precision, and can be applied for the quality control of slimming tea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Ming Su
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Shuxuan Liang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China
| | - Hanwen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Baoding 071002, China.
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32
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Chen Q, Yu F, Li P, Wei Y, Huang H. Comparative Validations of Capillary Electrophoresis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Five Anthraquinones in Compound Rhubarb Enema. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.991873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhua Chen
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | | | - Peng Li
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Yin Wei
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
| | - Huimin Huang
- Affiliated Dongfeng Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei, China
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Lin L, Lin H, Yin X, Zhao Y, Xia Z, Zhang M, Li X, Han J, Qu C, Ni J. Characterization of the constituents in rat plasma after oral administration of radix polygoni multiflori extracts by ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2015; 29:1541-7. [PMID: 25807921 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An ultra-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry method was established to detect as many constituents in rat plasma as possible after oral administration of Radix polygoni multiflori (RPM) extract. A C18 column (150 × 2.0 mm, 4 µm) was adopted to separate the samples, and mass spectra were acquired in negative modes. The fingerprints of RPM extract were established, resulting in 39 components being detected. Among these compounds, 29 were identified by comparing the retention times and mass spectral data with those of reference standards and relevant references, and eight compounds were separated and detected in RPM for the first time. In vivo, 23 compounds were observed in dosed rat plasma, 16 of 23 compounds were indicated as prototype components of RPM, and seven compounds were predicted to be metabolites of RPM. A high-speed and sensitive method was developed and was successfully utilized for screening and characterizing the ingredients and metabolites of RPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xingbin Yin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenwen Xia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xuechun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Han
- International School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Changhai Qu
- Modern Research Center for TCM, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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34
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Wu X, Liang S, Ge X, Lv Y, Sun H. Synthesis and evaluation of dummy molecularly imprinted microspheres for the specific solid-phase extraction of six anthraquinones from slimming tea. J Sep Sci 2015; 38:1263-70. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201401341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xingqiang Wu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Baoding China
| | - Shuxuan Liang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Baoding China
| | - Xusheng Ge
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Baoding China
- Department of Biochemistry; Baoding University; Baoding China
| | - Yunkai Lv
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Baoding China
| | - Hanwen Sun
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science; Hebei University; Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province; Baoding China
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35
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Assessment of conventional and novel extraction techniques on extraction efficiency of five anthraquinones from Rheum emodi. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2015; 52:6574-82. [PMID: 26396403 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-015-1814-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Rheum emodi is principally known to consist 1,8-dihydroxyanthraquinones (DHAQs) that find immense use in the chemical, pharmaceutical, cosmetic industries and in herbal medication and food sector. The aim of this study was to compare non-conventional and classical methods for extraction of anthraquinones from R. emodi. Optimisation of the extraction parameters for various methods was done and their extraction efficiency was evaluated. In preliminary screening experiments, choice of solvent and solid : solvent ratio was optimised. Comparison of extraction efficiency for classical methods like maceration, heat-reflux, soxhletion and non-conventional methods like ultra-sonication and sublimation was done for five DHAQs - aloe emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion using HPLC-UV and fluorescence detection in native and acid hydrolysed samples. It was observed that ethanol was the best solvent for extraction of anthraquinones with a solid : solvent ratio of 1:20. A prior acid hydrolysis led to significant increase in anthraquinone extraction. Among the extraction methods heat reflux for 45 min was the most prominent extraction method with highest recovery of the DHAQs. In ultrasonic assisted extraction, an increase in the anthraquinone extraction was seen till 45 min after which the concentration declined. A novel, solvent-free, green and selective method of extraction by sublimation was found to be effective for extraction of anthraquinones.
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36
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Lv GP, Meng LZ, Han DQ, Li HY, Zhao J, Li SP. Effect of sample preparation on components and liver toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 109:105-11. [PMID: 25766851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
It was shown that different extracts had significant differences in the toxicity of Polygonum multiflorum. In this study, the effect of sample preparation on components and liver toxicity of different extracts from P. multiflorum were determined. Hepatoxic components were discovered based on biomembrane extraction. Comparative chemistry and toxicology between ethanol and water extracts were also performed. The results showed that ethanol extract had much stronger hepatotoxicity, the content of emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, physcion-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, emodin and physcion was significantly higher in ethanol extract than in water extract, while the human hepatocytes extraction showed that 2,3,5,4'-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, physcion-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, emodin and physcion had interaction with human hepatocytes. The hepatotoxic effect of these components was investigated on human hepatocytes LO2 cells and emodin-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, physcion-8-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, emodin and physcion were finally confirmed to be, at least partial, hepatotoxic components. The results showed that sample preparation has significant effect on components in extracts of P. multiflorum especially the components related to hepatotoxicity. Water extract, the conventional administration form of Chinese herbs, is prefer for phytotherapy before well understanding their chemistry and biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- G P Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - L Z Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - D Q Han
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao; Shenzhen Institute of Drug Control, Shenzhen, China
| | - H Y Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao
| | - J Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
| | - S P Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao.
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Lin L, Ni B, Lin H, Zhang M, Yan L, Qu C, Ni J. Simultaneous determination of 14 constituents of Radix polygoni multiflori from different geographical areas by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Biomed Chromatogr 2014; 29:1048-55. [PMID: 25450501 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Radix polygoni multiflori (RPM) has antioxidative, anti-aging, liver-protective and antihuman cytomegalovirus activity. It has been proved to be hepatotoxic. Considering multiple ingredients to control RPM quality is essential. The aim of this study was to establish a simple, rapid method using resolution liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadruple mass spectrometry to identify and quantify the major bioactive constituents in RPM. The method was applied to analyze 14 marker batches from manufacturers from the same province. The ultrasonic extracts of all samples were determined by LC-MS/MS, and assessed by hierarchical cluster analysis. The proposed method was applied to analyze 21 batches of samples with acceptable linearity (R(2) , 0.9930-0.9998), precision (relative standard deviation, RSD, 0.45-4.73%) repeatability (RSD, 1.14-9.41%), stability (RSD, 1.29-12.88%) and recovery (RSD, 1.80-12.15%) of the 14 compounds. Furthermore, the hierarchical cluster analysis was applied to classify 21 samples on the basis of characteristics of the 14 compound markers. The developed method was demonstrated to be simple, sensitive and reproducible, and has significant importance and comprehensive evaluation for quality control of RPM and related preparations. Hierarchical cluster analysis clearly indicated that the RPM from the same province was similar, whereas samples of RPM from different provinces were significantly different.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longfei Lin
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Boran Ni
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Hongmei Lin
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Miao Zhang
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | - Lei Yan
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
| | | | - Jian Ni
- School of Chinese materia medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100102, China
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38
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Wu X, Ge X, Liang S, Lv Y, Sun H. A Novel Selective Accelerated Solvent Extraction for Effective Separation and Rapid Simultaneous Determination of Six Anthraquinones in Tartary Buckwheat and Its Products by UPLC–DAD. FOOD ANAL METHOD 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12161-014-9976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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39
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Simultaneous determination of five anthraquinones in a Chinese traditional preparation by RP-HPLC using an improved extraction procedure. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE-JIM 2014; 12:455-62. [DOI: 10.1016/s2095-4964(14)60037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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40
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Falkova M, Alexovič M, Pushina M, Bulatov A, Moskvin L, Andruch V. Fully automated on-line flow-batch based ultrasound-assisted surfactant-mediated extraction and determination of anthraquinones in medicinal plants. Microchem J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Xie J, Liao X, Qing FZ, Luo P, Zhang ZF, Huang J, Qing LS. A Novel Rhein-Functionalized Resin with Application for the Preconcentration of Anthraquinones. ANAL LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2014.908383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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42
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Ma L, Zhao L, Hu H, Qin Y, Bian Y, Jiang H, Zhou H, Yu L, Zeng S. Interaction of five anthraquinones from rhubarb with human organic anion transporter 1 (SLC22A6) and 3 (SLC22A8) and drug-drug interaction in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 153:864-871. [PMID: 24685584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.03.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 03/21/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Rhubarb is a well-known traditional Chinese medicine and has been used in China for thousands of years. Anthraquinone derivatives including rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin, chrysophanol and physcion are the important components in rhubarb. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we studied the interaction of five anthraquinone derivatives with human renal organic anion transporter 1 (hOAT1) and hOAT3 stably expressed in cells, and interaction of rhein or rhubarb extract (RE) with furosemide (FS, substrate of OATs) in rats. RESULTS Uptake of 6-carboxyl fluorescein via hOAT1 and fluorescein via hOAT3 were markedly inhibited by rhein, emodin and aloe-emodin, and slightly inhibited by chrysophanol and physcion. The estimated IC₅₀ values for rhein, emodin, aloe-emodin and probenecid (typical inhibitor of hOAT1 and hOAT3) were 0.23, 0.61, 2.29 and 18.34 μM for hOAT1, and 0.08, 1.22, 5.37 and 5.83 μM for hOAT3, respectively. Furthermore, the data from the cellular accumulation assay indicated that these five compounds were not substrates of hOAT1 or hOAT3. Pharmacokinetic interaction between rhein and FS in rats showed that area under the curve (AUC₀-t) for FS was increased by 65% when coadministrated with rhein. RE was also used to interact with FS in rats and results showed that AUC₀-t of FS was increased by 32% and by 52% when coadministrated with single-dose or multiple-dose of RE, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that five anthraquinones inhibited hOAT1 and hOAT3, but these compounds were not transported by hOAT1 or hOAT3. Furthermore, rhein or RE, might cause drug-drug interaction when coadministrated with substrates of OAT1 or OAT3 in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Ma
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Haihong Hu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yahong Qin
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yicong Bian
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Huidi Jiang
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lushan Yu
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Su Zeng
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Drug Metabolism, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhu L, Yang X, Tan J, Wang B, Zhang X. A validated high performance liquid chromatograph-photodiode array method for simultaneous determination of 10 bioactive components in compound hongdoushan capsule. Pharmacogn Mag 2014; 10:83-8. [PMID: 24696551 PMCID: PMC3969665 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.126673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The compound Hongdoushan capsule (CHC) is widely known as compound herbal preparation and is often used to treat ovarian cancer and breast cancer, and to enhance the body immunity, etc., in clinical practice. OBJECTIVE To determine simultaneously 10 bioactive components from CHC, namely glycyrrhetinic acid, liquiritin, glycyrrhizin, baccatin III, 10-deacetylbaccatin III, cephalomannine, taxol, ginsenoside Rg1, ginsenoside Re, and ginsenoside Rb1. MATERIALS AND METHODS A high performance liquid chromatograph method coupled with photodiode array detector was developed and validated for the 1(st) time. Chromatographic analysis was performed on a SHIMADZU C18 by utilizing a gradient elution program. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (A)-water (B) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min. RESULTS The calibration curve was linear over the investigated concentration ranges with the values of r (2) higher than 0.9993 for all the 10 bioactive components. The average recovery rates range from 98.4% to 100.5% with relative standard deviations ≤2.9%. The developed method was successfully applied to analyze 10 compounds in six CHC samples from different batches. In addition, the herbal sources of 32 chromatographic peaks were identified through comparative studying on chromatograms of standard, the respective extracts of Hongdoushan, RenShen, GanCao, and CHC. CONCLUSION All the results imply that the accurate and reproducible method developed has high separation rate and enables the determination of 10 bioactive components in a single run for the quality control of CHC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liancai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xian Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tan
- Department of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Bochu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biorheological Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Chongqing Academy of Chinese Materia Medica, Chongqing, China
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Lao KM, Han DQ, Chen XJ, Zhao J, Wang TJ, Li SP. Simultaneous determination of seven hydrophilic bioactive compounds in water extract of Polygonum multiflorum using pressurized liquid extraction and short-end injection micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:45. [PMID: 23452380 PMCID: PMC3599285 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polygoni Multiflori Radix, He-Shou-Wu in Chinese, is a widely used traditional Chinese medicine. Clinically, water decoction is the major application form of He-Shou-Wu. Therefore, simultaneous determination of bioactive compounds in water extract is very important for its quality control. Results A pressurized liquid extraction and short-end injection micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) were first developed for simultaneous determination of seven hydrophilic bioactive compounds in water extract of He-Shou-Wu. The influence of parameters, such as pH, concentration of phosphate, SDS and HP-β-CD, capillary temperature and applied voltage, on the analysis were carefully investigated. Optimum separation was obtained within 14 min by using 50 mM phosphate buffer containing 90 mM SDS and 2% (m/v) HP-β-CD (pH 2.5) at 15 kV and 20°C. All calibration curves showed good linearity (R2>0.9978) within test ranges. The overall LOD and LOQ were lower than 2.0 μg/mL and 5.5 μg/mL, respectively. The RSDs for intra- and inter-day of seven analytes were less than 3.2% and 4.6%, and the recoveries were 97.0%-104.2%. Conclusion The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of He-Shou-Wu samples, which is helpful for its quality control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka-Meng Lao
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China.
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A strategy for detecting absorbed bioactive compounds for quality control in the water extract of rhubarb by ultra performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detector. Chin J Integr Med 2012; 18:690-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s11655-012-1053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Zhu ZW, Li J, Gao XM, Amponsem E, Kang LY, Hu LM, Zhang BL, Chang YX. Simultaneous determination of stilbenes, phenolic acids, flavonoids and anthraquinones in Radix polygoni multiflori by LC–MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 62:162-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2011.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Revised: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 11/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
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Xu L, Chan CO, Lau CC, Yu Z, Mok DKW, Chen S. Simultaneous determination of eight anthraquinones in Semen Cassiae by HPLC-DAD. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2012; 23:110-6. [PMID: 21618311 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Revised: 03/01/2011] [Accepted: 03/03/2011] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semen Cassiae (SC), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the treatment of various diseases, is known to contain active anthraquinone ingredients. However, since the content of some anthraquinones is too low, previous analytical methods only allow the quantitation of a few anthraquinones or a hydrolysis step has to be included in the sample preparation. A rapid and accurate method to examine the content of as many anthraquinones as possible in SC would be desirable. OBJECTIVE To develop a rapid, sensitive and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC- DAD) method to simultaneously quantify eight major anthraquinones (obtusifolin-2-glucoside, aurantio-obtusin, aloe- emodin, rhein, obtusifolin, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion) in SC. METHODOLOGY The separation of anthraquinones was achieved on a C₁₈-column with a gradient elution using acetonitrile and 0.1% phosphoric acid. The detection wavelength was 278 nm and the analysis finished within 25 min. RESULTS The limits of detection of these compounds ranged from 0.07 to 0.15 µg/mL while the limits of quantitation ranged from 0.24 to 0.51 µg/mL. All calibration curves showed good linearities (r² > 0.999) within the test ranges. This validated method was successfully used to analyse 22 batches of SC samples collected from various geographical locations. CONCLUSION The method was validated to be simple, rapid, accurate and reliable to simultaneously determine eight major anthraquinones in SC. Meanwhile, a more specific anthraquinone, obtusifolin, was proposed to serve as a marker for SC, replacing chrysophanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijia Xu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, PR China
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Shia CS, Tsai SY, Lin JC, Li ML, Ko MH, Chao PDL, Huang YC, Hou YC. Steady-state pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anthraquinones of Rhei Rhizoma in rats. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2011; 137:1388-1394. [PMID: 21855620 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 08/02/2011] [Accepted: 08/02/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY Rhei Rhizoma, the rhizome of Rheum palmatum L. (RP), is a popular herb in clinical Chinese medicine. RP is abundant in polyphenolic anthraquinones, which have been reported to show various beneficial bioactivities. This study investigated the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of anthraquinones following seven-dose administration of RP decoction to rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Six Sprague-Dawley rats were given 2.0 g/kg of RP twice daily for seven doses and blood samples were collected at designated time after the 7th dose. Another six rats were sacrificed at 30 min after the 7th dose and organs including liver, kidney, lung and brain were collected. Serum and tissue specimens were assayed by HPLC before and after hydrolysis with β-glucuronidase and sulfatase, respectively. RESULTS Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that the anthraquinones in serum mainly presented as glucuronides/sulfates and contained higher ratio of sulfates when compared with single-dose administration of RP. Contrary to the finding in serum, tissue analysis discovered mainly free form of anthraquinone in most organs assayed, such as aloe-emodin and rhein in kidney, liver, lung; emodin in liver, lung; trace of chrysophanol in kidney and liver. In all brains, neither free forms nor their glucuronides/sulfates have been detected. CONCLUSIONS The glucuronides/sulfates of anthraquinones were the major forms in bloodstream, whereas the free forms of most anthraquinones were predominant in kidney and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sheng Shia
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Affiliation(s)
- R. K. Gilpin
- Department of Chemistry, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio 45435, United States
| | - C. S. Gilpin
- Select-O-Sep, LLC, 111 West Main Street, Freeport, Ohio 43973, United States
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Ionic Liquid-Based Ultrasonic/Microwave-Assisted Extraction Combined with UPLC for the Determination of Anthraquinones in Rhubarb. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2023-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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