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Rosell-Hidalgo A, Eakins J, Walker P, Moore AL, Ghafourian T. Risk Assessment of Psychotropic Drugs on Mitochondrial Function Using In Vitro Assays. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3272. [PMID: 38137493 PMCID: PMC10741027 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are potential targets responsible for some drug- and xenobiotic-induced organ toxicities. However, molecular mechanisms of drug-induced mitochondrial toxicities are mostly unknown. Here, multiple in vitro assays were used to investigate the effects of 22 psychotropic drugs on mitochondrial function. The acute extracellular flux assay identified inhibitors of the electron transport chain (ETC), i.e., aripiprazole, phenytoin, and fluoxetine, an uncoupler (reserpine), substrate inhibitors (quetiapine, carbamazepine, buspirone, and tianeptine), and cytotoxic compounds (chlorpromazine and valproic acid) in HepG2 cells. Using permeabilized HepG2 cells revealed minimum effective concentrations of 66.3, 6730, 44.5, and 72.1 µM for the inhibition of complex-I-linked respiration for quetiapine, valproic acid, buspirone, and fluoxetine, respectively. Assessing complex-II-linked respiration in isolated rat liver mitochondria revealed haloperidol is an ETC inhibitor, chlorpromazine is an uncoupler in basal respiration and an ETC inhibitor under uncoupled respiration (IC50 = 135 µM), while olanzapine causes a mild dissipation of the membrane potential at 50 µM. This research elucidates some mechanisms of drug toxicity and provides some insight into their safety profile for clinical drug decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Rosell-Hidalgo
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (A.R.-H.); (J.E.)
| | - Julie Eakins
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (A.R.-H.); (J.E.)
| | - Paul Walker
- Cyprotex Discovery Ltd., No. 24 Mereside, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, UK; (A.R.-H.); (J.E.)
| | - Anthony L. Moore
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK;
| | - Taravat Ghafourian
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Barry & Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, 3200 South University Drive, Ft. Lauderdale, FL 33328-2018, USA
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Wang S, Shan S, Yang J, Zhou J, Wang G. Plastic probe electrospray ionization mass spectrometry developed for rapid fingerprint profile of biological samples without pretreatment. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6701-6709. [PMID: 37755488 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04947-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
A triangular-shaped flat plastic substrate probe was prepared for direct electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) for analysis of untreated chemical and biological samples including liquids (Met-Arg-Phe-Ala peptide, reserpine, and dodecyl aldehyde), solids (biological samples, traditional Chinese medicine), and powders (roasted coffee, rhizoma coptidis, lotus plumule, and Schisandra sphenanthera). Quantitative analysis of reserpine in water yielded a detection limit of 1 ng mL-1, dynamic response range within 1-500 ng mL-1, and linearity of signal response ˃0.9925. Compared to the conventional capillary ESI, this plastic probe ESI offers lower cost of analysis (US $0.0056 per probe), higher sensitivity, lower sample consumption, longer signal duration (>6 min), better reproducibility, signal stability, and higher speed of analysis (<10 s per sample, including sample loading). Overall, the results indicate the potential of ESI-MS based on flat plastic probes as a versatile method for simple, sensitive, and stable analysis of untreated biological sample analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuanglong Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, 418 Guanglan Road, Nanchang, 330013, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring for Heavy Metal Pollutants, Changsha, 410019, China
- Evaluation and Research Center of Dao-Di Herbs of Jiangxi Province, GanJiang New Area, 330000, China
| | - Shan Shan
- College of Life Science, National R&D Center for Freshwater Fish Processing, Jiangxi Normal University, 99 Ziyang Avenue, Nanchang, 330022, China.
| | - Jian Yang
- Evaluation and Research Center of Dao-Di Herbs of Jiangxi Province, GanJiang New Area, 330000, China
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-Di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Junhui Zhou
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Monitoring for Heavy Metal Pollutants, Changsha, 410019, China
| | - Guofeng Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, East China University of Technology, 418 Guanglan Road, Nanchang, 330013, China.
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Kaddah MMY, Al-Dokhmaisy EH, Mansour B, Daabees HG, Kamal MF. Quantification of sixteen cephalosporins in the aquatic environment by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. J Sep Sci 2022; 45:4052-4069. [PMID: 36095323 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202200481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Antimicrobial agents are essential to protect human and animal health. During the COVID-19 pandemic, antimicrobials such as cephalosporins were widely used as prophylactics and to prevent bacterial co-infection. Undoubtedly, the prevalence of antibiotics in the aquatic environment will ultimately affect the degree of resistance against these bacteria in animals and the environmental systems. In order to monitor sixteen cephalosporins in the aquatic environment, we developed a new LC-MS/MS method that functioned simultaneously under positive and negative ESI switching modes. The chromatographic separation has been implemented using a pentafluorophenyl propyl column kept at 40°C. The limits of detection and quantitation for the studied cephalosporins ranged from (8 × 10-4 ) to (7.11 × 10-2 ) ng/mL and from (2.61 × 10-3 ) to (2.37 × 10-1 ) ng/mL, respectively. The percent extraction efficiency (apparent recovery) and relative standard deviations for the analyzed cephalosporins ranged from 61.69 to 167.67% and 2.45 to 13.48%, respectively. The overall findings showed that the effluent from the wastewater treatment plants that receive wastewater from pharmaceutical factories had a higher detected amount of cephalosporins than that of domestic sewage. Moreover, seven cephalosporins, including cefuroxime, ceftazidime, cefradine, cefprozil, cefixime, cefalexin, and cefadroxil (0.68-105.45 ng/L) were determined in the aquatic environment. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications, Pharmaceutical & Fermentation Industries Development Center, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt
| | - Emad H Al-Dokhmaisy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Basem Mansour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Delta University for Science and Technology, Gamasa, Dakahlia, 11152, Egypt
| | - Hoda G Daabees
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Miranda F Kamal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Beheira, Damanhour, Egypt
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Kaddah MMY, Ali HM, Hammad SF, El-Malla SF. New quantification method for monitoring eighteen L-amino acids levels in schizophrenic patients by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem quadrupole mass spectrometer. Biomed Chromatogr 2022; 36:e5472. [PMID: 35906747 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A fast, uncomplicated, sensitive, and fully validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed for estimating L-amino acids in the plasma of schizophrenic patients. The gradient-elution chromatographic method was implemented with the Luna® PFP column (50 × 2.0 mm, 5-μm), and a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water and methanol was used. The intraday and interday variability of the L-amino acids were less than 13.11%, and their accuracy ranged from 85.14 - 116.75% at the quality control levels and the lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranged from 2.5 - 15 nM. The extraction efficiency (apparent recovery) of amino acids from healthy plasma was employed by spiking the plasma with standard amino acids at the quality control levels. Their percentage recoveries ranged from 80.4% to 119.94%. Our method has a short run time and fast sample preparation compared with existing methods, which are suffered from long preparative steps and/or time-consuming analysis, restricted reagents, and suboptimal performance characteristics presently available technologies. Therefore, the proposed HPLC-MS/MS method was effectively applied for monitoring the L-amino acids in the plasma of schizophrenic patients and healthy volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Heba M Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Sherin F Hammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Samah F El-Malla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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Zaki AA, Kaddah MMY, Abulkhair HS, Ashour A. Unravelling the antifungal and antiprotozoal activities and LC-MS/MS quantification of steroidal saponins isolated from Panicum turgidum. RSC Adv 2022; 12:2980-2991. [PMID: 35425313 PMCID: PMC8979225 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra08532h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioassay-guided investigation of Panicum turgidum extract resulted in the identification of seven steroidal saponins (Turgidosterones 1–7). They were evaluated for their in vitro antifungal, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal activities. Turgidosterone 6 was the most active antifungal against Candida albicans and Candida neoformans (IC50 values of 2.84 and 1.08 μg mL−1, respectively). Turgidosterones 4–7 displayed antileishmanial activity against Leishmania donovani promastigotes with IC50 values ranging from 4.95 to 8.03 μg mL−1 and against Leishmania donovani amastigote/THP with IC50 values range of 4.50–9.29 μg mL−1. Activity against Trypanosoma brucei was also observed for Turgidosterones 4–7 with an IC50 values range of 1.26–3.77 μg mL−1. Turgidosterones 1–3 did not display any activity against the tested pathogens. The study of structure–activity relationships of the isolated saponins indicated that the antifungal, antileishmanial, and antitrypanosomal activities are markedly affected by the presence of spirostane-type saponins and the elongation of the sugar residue at C-3. To quantitatively determine the most abundant active ingredient in Panicum turgidum extract, a single run, sensitive, and highly selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method has been applied under positive and negative modes. The obtained results showed that compound 5 was the most abundant (95.93 ± 1.10 mg per gram of dry Panicum turgidum extract), followed by 6 (52.51 ± 1.05 mg gm−1), 4 (32.71 ± 0.48 mg gm−1), and 7 (13.19 ± 0.50 mg gm−1). Docking of these saponins against the Candida albicans oxidoreductases and Leishmania infantum trypanothione reductase active sites revealed their potential to effectively bind with a number of key residues in both receptor targets. Bioassay-guided investigation of Panicum turgidum extract resulted in the identification of seven steroidal saponins (Turgidosterones 1–7).![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Zaki
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt International Coastal Road New Damietta 34518 Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Y Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications New Borg El-Arab 21934 Alexandria Egypt
| | - Hamada S Abulkhair
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University Nasr City 11884 Cairo Egypt .,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt International Coastal Road New Damietta 34518 Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ashour
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University Mansoura 35516 Egypt .,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Horus University-Egypt International Coastal Road New Damietta 34518 Egypt
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Kaddah MMY, Talaat W, El Demellawy MA. Determination and structural characterization of ravidasvir metabolites by LC coupled to triple quadrupole linear ion trap MS: Application to pharmacokinetics and phase I metabolism in rats. Biomed Chromatogr 2021; 35:e5146. [PMID: 33893663 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is an infectious disease that has become a global clinical issue because of its significant morbidity and mortality. Novel anti-hepatitis C drugs are continuously developed to decrease the pervasiveness of the infection globally. A synthetic ravidasvir, benzimidazole-naphthylene-imidazole derivatives, has been used as an anti-HCV drug. This study determined the metabolites of ravidasvir and its pharmacokinetics in rats using information-dependent acquisition and multiple reaction monitoring scanning modes in linear ion trap LC-MS/MS instrument, respectively. Two time-programming linear-gradient chromatographic methods were employed using a Kinetex C18 column (50 × 3 mm, 2.6 μm) and a Luna HILIC column (100 × 4.6 mm, 3 μm) for the qualitative and quantitative determination of ravidasvir and its metabolites, respectively. In silico prediction where sites in a molecule are susceptible to metabolism by cytochrome P450 was implemented, which helped in proposing the metabolic pathway of ravidasvir. The most dominant metabolite in rat liver microsomal samples was oxidative ravidasvir, where one O-demethylated metabolite and eight isomers of the oxidative ravidasvir metabolites were identified. The study provides essential data for proposing the metabolic pathway and successfully applied it to determine the pharmacokinetics of ravidasvir in rat plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Mohamed Yousri Kaddah
- Pharmaceutical and Fermentation Industries Development Center, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wael Talaat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Maha A El Demellawy
- Center of Excellence for Preclinical Research in Drug Development, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, New Borg El-Arab, Alexandria, Egypt
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Chen N, Li W, Wu S, Zhu Y. Fluorimetric detection of reserpine in mouse serum through online post-column electrochemical derivatization. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:171948. [PMID: 30224984 PMCID: PMC6124075 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.171948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A novel method combining high-performance liquid chromatography with online post-column electrochemical derivatization and fluorescence detection was established for the detection of reserpine in mouse serum. Reserpine separation was conducted using a C18 column with 5 mM H3PO4 and acetonitrile (55/45, v/v) as eluent. Reserpine was then electro-oxidized into a strongly fluorescent compound using an electrolytic cell device. Detection parameters, such as potential and fluorescence wavelength, were optimized. The linearity of the proposed method ranged from 0.01 to 5.0 mg l-1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9997. The limit of qualification (S/N = 10) and limit of detection (S/N = 3) were 9.7 and 2.9 µg l-1, respectively. Resperine recoveries from spiked blank and drug-treated mouse serum samples ranged from 92.0 to 115%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
| | - Weixia Li
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuchao Wu
- Zhejiang Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Hangzhou 310007, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Xixi Campus, Hangzhou 310028, People's Republic of China
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