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Mateos-Olivares M, Pastor-Idoate S, Martín-Vallejo J, García-Vazquez C, Pastor JC, Usategui-Martín R, Sobas EM. Stress and sleep deprivation-related biomarkers in saliva in patients with retinitis pigmentosa. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0304261. [PMID: 38870197 PMCID: PMC11175419 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0304261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with Retinitis Pigmentosa (RP) commonly experience sleep-related issues and are susceptible to stress. Moreover, variatiaons in their vision are often linked to anxiety, stress and drowsiness, indicating that stress and sleep deprivation lead to a decline in vision, and vision improves when both are mitigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the utility of salivary biomarkers as biochemical indicators of anxiety and sleep deprivation in RP patients. METHODS Seventy-eight RP patients and 34 healthy controls were included in this observational study. Anxiety and sleep-quality questionnaires, a complete ophthalmological exam for severity grading and, the collection of salivary samples from participants were assessed for participants. The activity of biomarkers was estimated by ELISA, and statistical analysis was performed to determine associations between the parameters. Associations between underlying psychological factors, grade of disease severity, and biomarkers activity were also examined. RESULTS Fifty-two (67%) of patients had a severe RP, and 26 (33%) had a mild-moderate grade. Fifty-eight (58,9%) patients reported severe levels of anxiety and 18 (23.,1%) a high level. Forty-six (59%) patients obtained pathological values in sleep-quality questionaries and 43 (55.1%) in sleepiness. Patients with RP exhibited significant differences in testosterone, cortisol, sTNFαRII, sIgA and melatonin as compared to controls and patients with a mild-moderate and advanced stage of disease showed greater differences. In covariate analysis, patients with a severe anxiety level also showed greater differences in mean salivary cortisol, sTNFαRII and melatonin and male patients showed lower IgA levels than female. CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that salivary biomarkers could be suitable non-invasive biochemical markers for the objective assessment of sleep deprivation and anxiety in RP patients. Further research is needed to characterize the effects of untreated negative psychological states and sleep deprivation on increased variability of vision and disease progression, if any.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milagros Mateos-Olivares
- Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Salvador Pastor-Idoate
- Department of Ophthalmology, Clinical University Hospital of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martín-Vallejo
- Department of Statistics, Institute of Biomedical Research of Salamanca (IBSAL), University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José Carlos Pastor
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Usategui-Martín
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Cell Biology, Genetics, Histology and Pharmacology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Eva María Sobas
- Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology (IOBA), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
- Networks of Cooperative Research oriented to Health Results (RICORS), Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Faculty of Nursing, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
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Rossi C, Amato A, Alesi M, Alioto A, Schiera G, Drid P, Messina G, Pagliaro A, Di Liegro I, Proia P. Hormonal and psychological influences on performance anxiety in adolescent female volleyball players: a multi-approach study. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16617. [PMID: 38390388 PMCID: PMC10883150 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The neuroendocrine system has important implications for affiliation behavior among humans and can be used to assess the correlation between social relationships, stress, and health. This can be influenced by social closeness; this aspect is the closeness towards another individual or a group of individuals such as a sports team. Sports performance anxiety is considered an unpleasant emotional reaction composed of physiological, cognitive, affective, and behavioral components. This motivates us to learn about the process that can influence the outcome of competition. Hormones and genetics would seem to influence outcome and performance. In this regard, many studies have focused on the exercise response as a function of ovarian hormones and it has been observed that progesterone is a hormone that plays a key role in reducing anxiety, and thus stress, in humans and other animals. On the other hand, high cortisol concentrations are known to contribute to increased anxiety levels. However, the salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) enzyme has been suggested as marker of acute stress than cortisol. Genetics also seem to influence anxiety and stress management as in the case of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and striatal dopamine transporter (DAT). Therefore, the study aims to investigate social closeness, as a measure of sports team cohesion that can influence athletes' performance results, and its ability to influence the secretion of hormones, such as progesterone and cortisol, that affect the management of sports anxiety while also taking into account genetic background during a volleyball match. Methods Twenty-six female volleyball players who volunteered participated in this study (mean ± SD: age, 12.07 ± 0.7 years), and played in the final of the provincial volleyball championship in Palermo. All girls were during the ovarian cycle, in detail between the follicular and early ovulatory phases. Results The results showed a significant decrease in salivary cortisol only in the winning group (p < 0.039). In fact, whilst in the latter the pre-match level was 7.7 ng/ml and then decreased to 4.5 ng/ml after the match, in the losers group change was not statistically significant (7.8 ng/ml vs 6.6 ng/ml pre- and post-match). As to the sAA concentration, the winning team showed a statistically significant variation between pre- and post-match than the losers (166.01 ± 250 U/ml vs 291.59 ± 241 U/ml) (p = 0.01). Conclusion Analyzing the results of the SAS-2 psychological test it is highlighted that, on average, the loser group was more anxious than the winning group, and this contributed to the final result. In conclusion, there is strong evidence supporting the state of the art that many factors can affect performance anxiety and thus the performance itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rossi
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
- Research and Innovation, Centro Medico di Fisioterapia “Villa Sarina”, Trapani, Italy
| | - Alessandra Amato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Section of Anatomy, Histology and Movement Science, School of Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Marianna Alesi
- Department of Psychology, Educational Sciences and Human Movement, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Anna Alioto
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gabriella Schiera
- Department of Biological, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies (STEBICEF), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrik Drid
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - Giulia Messina
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Andrea Pagliaro
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Italia Di Liegro
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Patrizia Proia
- Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Unit, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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Guzman JM, Boone MH, Suarez GL, Mitchell C, Monk CS, Hyde LW, Lopez-Duran NL. Relationship between COVID-related stressors and internalizing symptoms: Gendered neuroendocrine risk profiles. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2024; 159:106668. [PMID: 37944209 PMCID: PMC11214276 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2023.106668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic generated significant life stress and increases in internalizing disorders. Moreover, COVID-related stressors disproportionately impacted women, consistent with outcomes showing a gender gap in stress-related disorders. Gender-related stress vulnerability emerges in adolescence alongside gender-specific changes in neuroendocrine signaling. Most research on the neuroendocrinology of stress-related disorders has focused on differences in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis effector hormone cortisol. More recent studies, however, emphasize dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a neuroprotective and neuroactive hormone released concurrently with cortisol that balances its biobehavioral actions during stress. Notably, women show lower cortisol responses and higher DHEA responses to stress. However, lower cortisol and higher DHEA are associated with internalizing disorders in women, while those associations are opposite in men. Thus, gender-specific factors perhaps result in a neuroendocrine profile that places women at greater risk for stress-related disorders. The current study prospectively examined socially evaluated cold-pressor task (SECPT) induced neuroendocrine responses at age 15 and internalizing symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic at age 21 in a cohort of 175 primarily Black low-socioeconomic status participants, while controlling for internalizing symptoms at age 15. The association between COVID-related stress and internalizing symptoms was not stronger in women. Lower DHEA-cortisol ratios were associated with a weaker relationship between COVID-related stress and internalizing symptoms in women, while higher ratios were associated with a weaker relationship in men. These findings suggest gender differences in the relationship between DHEA and cortisol and internalizing outcomes during a stressful period, and support differential neuroendocrine protective and risk pathways for young men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Guzman
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Montana H Boone
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gabriela L Suarez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Luke W Hyde
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Nguyen MD, Nguyen KN, Malo S, Banerjee I, Wu D, Du-Thumm L, Dauphin-Ducharme P. Electrochemical Aptamer-Based Biosensors for Measurements in Undiluted Human Saliva. ACS Sens 2023; 8:4625-4635. [PMID: 37992319 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.3c01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Although blood remains a gold standard diagnostic fluid for most health exams, it involves an unpleasant and relatively invasive sampling procedure (finger pricking or venous draw). Saliva contains many relevant and useful biomarkers for diagnostic purposes, and its collection, in contrast, is noninvasive and can be obtained with minimal effort. Current saliva analyses are, however, achieved using chromatography or lateral flow assays, which, despite their high accuracy and sensitivity, can demand expensive laboratory-based instruments operated by trained personnel or offer only semiquantitative results. In response, we investigated electrochemical aptamer-based (E-AB) biosensors, a reagentless sensing platform, to allow for continuous and real-time measurements directly in undiluted, unstimulated human whole saliva. As a proof-of-concept study, we developed E-AB biosensors capable of detecting low-molecular-weight analytes (glucose and adenosine monophosphate (AMP)). To our knowledge, we report the first E-AB sensor for glucose, an approach that is inherently independent of its chemical reactivity in contrast to home glucometers. For these three sensors, we evaluated their figures of merits, stability, and reusability over short- and long-term exposure directly in saliva. In doing so, we found that E-AB sensors allow rapid and convenient molecular measurements in whole saliva with unprecedented sensitivities in the pico- to nanomolar regime and could be regenerated and reused up to 7 days when washed and stored in phosphate-buffered saline at room temperature. We envision that salivary molecular measurements using E-AB sensors are a promising alternative to invasive techniques and can be used for improved point-of-care clinical diagnosis and at-home measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minh-Dat Nguyen
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Khoa-Nam Nguyen
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Samuel Malo
- Département de chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1K 2R1, Canada
| | - Indrani Banerjee
- Colgate, Research and Development Center, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Donghui Wu
- Colgate, Research and Development Center, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Laurence Du-Thumm
- Colgate, Research and Development Center, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
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Castro-Quintas Á, Palma-Gudiel H, San Martín-González N, Caso JR, Leza JC, Fañanás L. Salivary secretory immunoglobulin A as a potential biomarker of psychosocial stress response during the first stages of life: A systematic review. Front Neuroendocrinol 2023; 71:101083. [PMID: 37479062 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2023.101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Mucosal secretory immunoglobulin A (s-IgA) has been recognized as a key component of human first line defense against infection. However, its reactivity to psychosocial stressors is poorly understood. This systematic review aimed to explore whether s-IgA levels changed after psychosocial stress in subjects under the age of 18. Fifteen articles were included. s-IgA basal levels are increased in children older than 9 years old exposed to stress. Furthermore, s-IgA seems to follow a circadian rhythm, which is altered under stress conditions. Finally, the collective evidence suggests that salivary s-IgA rapidly increases under acute stress after puberty. Overall, our review indicates that s-IgA could be considered a potential psychosocial stress biomarker of interest for pediatric and child-juvenile psychiatric population. Further studies are needed to validate the role of s-IgA circadian rhythm and basal levels as psychosocial stress biomarkers and disentangle the role of age and type of stressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Águeda Castro-Quintas
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Helena Palma-Gudiel
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, United States
| | - Nerea San Martín-González
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier R Caso
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Imas12. IUIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan C Leza
- Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Complutense University of Madrid, Imas12. IUIN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Fañanás
- Department of Evolutionary Biology, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, University of Barcelona, Spain; Network Centre for Biomedical Research in Mental Health (CIBER of Mental Health, CIBERSAM), Institute of Health Carlos III, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), Barcelona, Spain.
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Kataoka H, Ohshima H, Ohkawa T. Simultaneous analysis of multiple steroidal biomarkers in saliva for objective stress assessment by on-line coupling of automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction and polarity-switching LC-MS/MS. TALANTA OPEN 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talo.2022.100177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Basilicata M, Pieri M, Marrone G, Nicolai E, Di Lauro M, Paolino V, Tomassetti F, Vivarini I, Bollero P, Bernardini S, Noce A. Saliva as Biomarker for Oral and Chronic Degenerative Non-Communicable Diseases. Metabolites 2023; 13:889. [PMID: 37623833 PMCID: PMC10456419 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13080889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a very complex fluid and it is essential to maintain several physiological processes and functions, including oral health, taste, digestion and immunological defenses. Saliva composition and the oral microbiome can be influenced by several factors, like diet and smoking habits, and their alteration can represent an important access point for pathogens and, thus, for systemic illness onset. In this review, we explore the potentiality of saliva as a new tool for the early detection of some pathological conditions, such as oral diseases, chronic degenerative non-communicable diseases, among these chronic kidney disease (CKD). We also examined the possible correlation between oral and systemic diseases and oral and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In particular, we deeply analyzed the relationship between oral diseases and CKD. In this context, some salivary parameters can represent a new device to detect either oral or systemic pathologies. Moreover, the positive modulation of oral and gut microbiota induced by prebiotics, postbiotics, or symbiotics could represent a new possible adjuvant therapy in the clinical management of oral diseases and CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Basilicata
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Massimo Pieri
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Marrone
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Eleonora Nicolai
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Di Lauro
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenza Paolino
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Flaminia Tomassetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Ilaria Vivarini
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizio Bollero
- UOSD Special Care Dentistry, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Bernardini
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, “Tor Vergata” University Hospital, Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Noce
- Department of Systems Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
- UOSD Nephrology and Dialysis, Policlinico Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Marschalek ML, Marculescu R, Schneeberger C, Marschalek J, Dewailly D, Ott J. A case-control study about markers of stress in normal-/overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome and in controls. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1173422. [PMID: 37265693 PMCID: PMC10231031 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1173422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is linked to an elevated risk of psychological disorders, decreased quality of life and emotional distress. Serum cortisol as a potential stress marker has been found to be increased in women with PCOS. The aim of this study was to evaluate both saliva stress markers and subjective psychological distress in women with PCOS. Methods In a prospective case-control study, 31 PCOS women and 31 healthy controls were included. Salivary cortisol, and metanephrines were collected in the morning and in the evening. Emotional distress and quality of life were assessed by means of the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and the Short Form-36 (SF-36). Multivariable generalized linear models were applied to test the influence of various parameters on numerical outcome parameters. Results After correction for age and body mass index (BMI), there were no statistically significant differences of salivary biomarkers between PCOS women and healthy controls (p>0.05). PCOS patients revealed significantly higher increased PSS total scores and lower quality of life in all SF-36 modules apart from pain (p< 0.05). The PSS total score was positively correlated to prolactin in PCOS women (r= 0.450; p= 0.011). In overweight/obese PCOS patients, a higher BMI, a higher Ferriman Gallwey score and higher age significantly predicted the PSS total score (p< 0.05). Conclusion Stress measured by salivary biomarkers did not differ between PCOS women and healthy controls, whereas stress scores evaluated by questionnaires were significantly greater in women with PCOS. A higher BMI, hirsutism and a higher age seem to be the main modulators of subjective stress in PCOS. Prolactin might serve as a biomarker for chronic stress in PCOS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Louise Marschalek
- Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Institute of Immunology, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Schneeberger
- Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julian Marschalek
- Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Johannes Ott
- Clinical Division of Gynecologic Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Scarsi A, Pedone D, Pompa PP. A multi-line platinum nanozyme-based lateral flow device for the colorimetric evaluation of total antioxidant capacity in different matrices. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:2167-2174. [PMID: 37056622 PMCID: PMC10089119 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00931e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), namely the complete pattern of antioxidant species in a complex medium, is of major interest in many fields ranging from health monitoring to quality control in the food industry. In this framework, point-of-care (POC) testing technologies are a promising diagnostic solution for rapid on-site analyses, unlike laboratory based-assays, which are often limited by centralized analyses, time-consuming and costly procedures, and invasiveness in the case of health diagnostics. In this work, we developed a POC methodology that evaluates TAC in different matrices, exploiting the peroxidase-like properties of 5 nm platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs), combined with a colorimetric paper-based device. Notably, we designed and optimized a multi-line PtNPs-based Lateral Flow Assay (LFA), which relies on three sequential test lines with increasing concentrations of platinum nanozymes, to get a non-invasive, accurate, and fast (10 minutes) colorimetric evaluation of the body TAC in saliva samples. Furthermore, we employed the device as a prototype of a quality control tool in the food industry, for the determination of the TAC in fruit juices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scarsi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163-Genova Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genova Via Dodecaneso 31 16146-Genova Italy
| | - Deborah Pedone
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163-Genova Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego 30 16163-Genova Italy
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Karachaliou CE, Koukouvinos G, Goustouridis D, Raptis I, Kakabakos S, Petrou P, Livaniou E. Cortisol Immunosensors: A Literature Review. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13020285. [PMID: 36832050 PMCID: PMC9954523 DOI: 10.3390/bios13020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is a steroid hormone that is involved in a broad range of physiological processes in human/animal organisms. Cortisol levels in biological samples are a valuable biomarker, e.g., of stress and stress-related diseases; thus, cortisol determination in biological fluids, such as serum, saliva and urine, is of great clinical value. Although cortisol analysis can be performed with chromatography-based analytical techniques, such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), conventional immunoassays (radioimmunoassays (RIAs), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), etc.) are considered the "gold standard" analytical methodology for cortisol, due to their high sensitivity along with a series of practical advantages, such as low-cost instrumentation, an assay protocol that is fast and easy to perform, and high sample throughput. Especially in recent decades, research efforts have focused on the replacement of conventional immunoassays by cortisol immunosensors, which may offer further improvements in the field, such as real-time analysis at the point of care (e.g., continuous cortisol monitoring in sweat through wearable electrochemical sensors). In this review, most of the reported cortisol immunosensors, mainly electrochemical and also optical ones, are presented, focusing on their immunosensing/detection principles. Future prospects are also briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chrysoula-Evangelia Karachaliou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Georgios Koukouvinos
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Goustouridis
- ThetaMetrisis S.A., Christou Lada 40, 121 32 Athens, Greece
- Department of Electrical & Electronics Engineering, University of West Attica, 122 44 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Raptis
- ThetaMetrisis S.A., Christou Lada 40, 121 32 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Sotirios Kakabakos
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Panagiota Petrou
- Immunoassay/Immunosensors Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
| | - Evangelia Livaniou
- Immunopeptide Chemistry Lab., Institute of Nuclear & Radiological Sciences & Technology, Energy & Safety, National Centre for Scientific Research ‘‘Demokritos”, P.O. Box 60037, 153 10 Agia Paraskevi, Greece
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Suzuki K, Shibato J, Rakwal R, Takaura M, Hotta R, Masuo Y. Biomarkers in the Rat Hippocampus and Peripheral Blood for an Early Stage of Mental Disorders Induced by Water Immersion Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043153. [PMID: 36834565 PMCID: PMC9960135 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to evaluate the pre-symptomatic state of mental disorders and prevent its onset. Since stress could be a trigger of mental disorders, it may be helpful to identify stress-responsive biomarkers (stress markers) for the evaluation of stress levels. We have so far performed omics analyses of the rat brain and peripheral blood after various kinds of stress and have found numerous factors that respond to stress. In this study, we investigated the effects of relatively moderate stress on these factors in the rat to identify stress marker candidates. Adult male Wistar rats underwent water immersion stress for 12 h, 24 h, or 48 h. Stress caused weight loss and elevated serum corticosterone levels, and alterations regarded as anxiety and/or fear-like behaviors. Reverse-transcription PCR and Western blot analyses revealed significant alterations in the expressions of hippocampal genes and proteins by the stress for no longer than 24 h, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1 (MKP-1), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein delta (CEBPD), small ubiquitin-like modifier proteins 1/sentrin-specific peptidase 5 (SENP5), matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8), kinase suppressor of Ras 1 (KSR1), and MKP-1, MMP-8, nerve growth factor receptor (NGFR). Similar alterations were observed in three genes (MKP-1, CEBPD, MMP-8) in the peripheral blood. The present results strongly suggest that these factors may serve as stress markers. The correlation of these factors in the blood and brain may enable the evaluation of stress-induced changes in the brain by blood analysis, which will contribute to preventing the onset of mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Suzuki
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Junko Shibato
- Department of Functional Morphology, Shonan University of Medical Sciences, 16-48 Kamishinano, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama 244-0806, Japan
| | - Randeep Rakwal
- Institute of Health and Sport Sciences and Tsukuba International Academy for Sport Studies (TIAS2.0), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8574, Japan
| | - Masahiko Takaura
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Ryotaro Hotta
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Masuo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi 274-8510, Japan
- Correspondence:
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12
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Scarsi A, Pedone D, Pompa PP. A dual-color plasmonic immunosensor for salivary cortisol measurement. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:329-336. [PMID: 36756275 PMCID: PMC9846440 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00563h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Lifestyle-related disorders are a public health problem worldwide and their early diagnosis represents the key to successful therapies. In this framework, rapid point-of-care (POC) tests are one of the most promising diagnostic techniques. In particular, the use of saliva is raising increasing interest as a noninvasive biological fluid in POC systems, although the low concentration of salivary biomarkers typically requires strong advances to improve the device sensitivity. In this study, the plasmonic properties of two differently shaped gold nanoparticles (i.e., nanospheres and nanostars) were combined to develop an efficient paper-based immunosensor for the naked-eye evaluation of salivary cortisol, known as one of the main stress-related biomarkers. Notably, the dual-color system facilitated an immediate and easy evaluation of cortisol levels, based on a blue-to-pink color change of the detection zone. Furthermore, the implemented strategy showed potential applicability as a rapid and portable monitoring system, allowing discriminating different target concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Scarsi
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego, 30 Genova 16163 Italy
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Genoa Via Dodecaneso, 31 Genova 16146 Italy
| | - Deborah Pedone
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego, 30 Genova 16163 Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Pompa
- Nanobiointeractions & Nanodiagnostics, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT) Via Morego, 30 Genova 16163 Italy
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Castillo-Navarrete JL, Guzmán-Castillo A, Bustos C, Rojas R. Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and salivary cortisol levels in college students with different levels of academic stress. Study protocol. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282007. [PMID: 36812175 PMCID: PMC9946253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is essential for brain physiological processes influencing memory and learning. BDNF levels can be affected by many factors, including stress. Stress increase serum and salivary cortisol levels. Academic stress is of the chronic type. BDNF levels can be measure from serum, plasma or platelets, and there is still no standard methodology, which is relevant to ensure reproducibility and comparability between studies. HYPOTHESIS (i) BDNF concentrations in serum show greater variability than in plasma. (ii) In college students with academic stress, peripheral BDNF decreases and salivary cortisol increases. GENERAL OBJECTIVE To standardize plasma and serum collection for BDNF levels and to determine whether academic stress affects peripheral BDNF and salivary cortisol levels. DESIGN Quantitative research, with a non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive design. PARTICIPANTS Student volunteers. Under convenience sampling, 20 individuals will be included for standardization of plasma and serum collection and between 70 and 80 individuals to determine the effect of academic stress on BDNF and salivary cortisol. PERIPHERAL BLOOD AND SALIVARY CORTISOL SAMPLING, MEASUREMENTS 12 mL of peripheral blood (with and without anticoagulant) will be drawn per participant, separated from plasma or serum and cryopreserved at -80°C. Additionally, they will be instructed in the collection of 1 mL of saliva samples, which will be centrifuged. Val66Met polymorphism will be performed by allele-specific PCR, while BDNF and salivary cortisol levels will be determined by ELISA. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS (i) descriptive analysis of the variables, through measures of central tendency and dispersion, and the categorical variables through their frequency and percentage. (ii) Then a bivariate analysis will be performed comparing groups using each variable separately. EXPECTED RESULTS We expect to (i) determine the analytical factors that allow a better reproducibility in the measurement of peripheral BDNF, and (ii) the effect of academic stress on BDNF and salivary cortisol levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan-Luis Castillo-Navarrete
- Departamento de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Programa de Neurociencia, Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, NEPSAM (http://nepsam.udec.cl), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- * E-mail: (JLCN); (AGC)
| | - Alejandra Guzmán-Castillo
- Programa de Neurociencia, Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, NEPSAM (http://nepsam.udec.cl), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Programme in Mental Health, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- * E-mail: (JLCN); (AGC)
| | - Claudio Bustos
- Programa de Neurociencia, Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, NEPSAM (http://nepsam.udec.cl), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Romina Rojas
- Programa de Neurociencia, Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, NEPSAM (http://nepsam.udec.cl), Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
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14
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Yulianti ES, Rahman SF, Whulanza Y. Molecularly Imprinted Polymer-Based Sensor for Electrochemical Detection of Cortisol. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:1090. [PMID: 36551057 PMCID: PMC9776045 DOI: 10.3390/bios12121090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As a steroid hormone, cortisol has a close relationship with the stress response, and therefore, can be used as a biomarker for early detection of stress. An electrochemical immunosensor is one of the most widely used methods to detect cortisol, with antibodies as its bioreceptor. Apart from conventional laboratory-based methods, the trend for cortisol detection has seemed to be exploiting antibodies and aptamers. Both can provide satisfactory performance with high selectivity and sensitivity, but they still face issues with their short shelf life. Molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been widely used to detect macro- and micro-molecules by forming artificial antibodies as bioreceptors. MIPs are an alternative to natural antibodies, which despite demonstrating high selectivity and a low degree of cross-reactivity, often also show a high sensitivity to the environment, leading to their denaturation. MIPs can be prepared with convenient and relatively affordable fabrication processes. They also have high durability in ambient conditions, a long shelf life, and the ability to detect cortisol molecules at a concentration as low as 2 ag/mL. By collecting data from the past five years, this review summarizes the antibody and aptamer-based amperometric sensors as well as the latest developments exploiting MIPs rather than antibodies. Lastly, factors that can improve MIPs performance and are expected to be developed in the future are also explained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elly Septia Yulianti
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Siti Fauziyah Rahman
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Yudan Whulanza
- Research Center for Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424, West Java, Indonesia
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15
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Jantaratnotai N, Anh Do TK, Tammayan M, Pachimsawat P. Baseline states of mind differentially affected diurnal salivary stress biomarkers: A preliminary study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10506. [PMID: 36105458 PMCID: PMC9465104 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to determine how different baseline states of mind in each day (relaxed, ordinary, or stressful) affected the diurnal patterns of three commonly investigated salivary stress biomarkers: cortisol (sCort), alpha-amylase (sAA), and chromogranin A (sCgA). A total of 32 healthy volunteers collected saliva on three different mood days at six time points each day (awakening, 30 min after, 10:00, 12:00, 16:00, and 19:00 h). Pulse rates and subjective feeling of stress using a visual analog scale (VAS) were also recorded. The levels of sCort and sAA were highest on a stressful day at certain time points. The levels of sAA were lowest on a relaxing day in the afternoon. Surprisingly, sCgA levels showed an opposite pattern with the highest level seen on a relaxing day. Of note was that the majority of the participants chose a day during a meditation retreat as their relaxing day and participants practicing mindfulness manifested lower levels of sCort (p = 0.003) and sAA (p = 0.043) at 19:00 h compared with those choosing a general leisure day as their relaxing day. Different states of mind were associated with different courses of salivary stress biomarkers. sCort and sAA are the most reliable markers showing the expected trend with higher levels on a stressful day and lower levels on a relaxing day. While the current result cast doubt on the use of sCgA as a stress marker since it was the only marker that showed the opposite trend compared with those of the other two markers as well as pulse rates and VAS. Furthermore, this is the first study to demonstrate that mindfulness practice might have different effects on these biomarkers from just a general relaxed state of mind.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattinee Jantaratnotai
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thi Kim Anh Do
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.,Department of Prosthodontic, Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Manita Tammayan
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Praewpat Pachimsawat
- Department of Advanced General Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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16
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Bargues-Navarro G, Ibáñez-del Valle V, El Mlili N, Cauli O. Salivary Biomarkers Associated with Psychological Alterations in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58081091. [PMID: 36013558 PMCID: PMC9416232 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58081091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The care of individuals with diabetes needs a holistic perspective, taking into account both the physical disease and the mental health problems that may be associated. Different studies show a higher prevalence of depression or anxiety issues in diabetes patients than in the general population, which is why diabetes can be considered one of the chronic diseases in which psychological care is crucial to maintain quality of life. The objective of this review is to examine the published articles that relate the bidirectional associations between objective and subjective measures of anxiety, depressive symptomatology, stress, sleep quality, and salivary biomarkers in patients with diabetes. For this, a search was carried out in the electronic databases PubMed, Cochrane, and SCOPUS using the keywords "diabetes", "saliva", "sleep", "anxiety", "depression", and "stress" for works published up until May 2022 and limited to the English and Spanish languages. The sample comprised 14 articles, 5 of which analysed the associations between depressive symptomatology and salivary biomarkers in people with diabetes. Among the salivary biomarkers most frequently used to evaluate psychological alterations in persons with diabetes are cortisol and melatonin. Thus, significant changes in the levels of these biomarkers were observed in most studies. Four out of five studies reported a statistically significant relationship between increased salivary cortisol in the evening/midnight or the cortisol awakening response and depressive symptoms. In contrast, lower cortisol levels upon waking in the morning were observed when there was no depression or anxiety. Regarding the association between salivary cortisol values and sleep quality in patients with diabetes, lower morning cortisol values related to prolonged nighttime sleep were common in the analysed studies. Low melatonin concentrations showed a negative correlation with sleep quality. As it is an easy-to-apply and non-invasive method, the measurement of salivary biomarkers can be very useful for predicting psychological alterations in patients with diabetes. Further scientific studies are required to determine the sensitivity of these biological substances acting as biomarkers for detecting sleep disorders and psychological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillermo Bargues-Navarro
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vanessa Ibáñez-del Valle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Chair of Active Ageing, University of Valencia, 4610 Valencia, Spain
| | - Nisrin El Mlili
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques (ISPITS), Tetouan 93000, Morocco
- Department of Biology and Health, Faculty of Sciences, University Abdelmalek Essâadi, Tetouan 93000, Morocco
| | - Omar Cauli
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing and Podiatry, University of Valencia, Avda Menéndez Pidal 19, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Frailty and Cognitive Impairment Organized Group (FROG), University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Chair of Active Ageing, University of Valencia, 4610 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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17
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The independent association between salivary alpha-amylase activity and arterial stiffness in Japanese men and women: the Toon Health Study. Hypertens Res 2022; 45:1249-1262. [PMID: 35732824 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-00963-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Psychological stress is considered to be a potential contributor in the development of arterial stiffness. However, an independent association between arterial stiffness and biological markers of stress has not yet been established. We examined the independent association between salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) activity and arterial stiffness, not mediated by cardiometabolic disease associated with arterial stiffness, in a sample of healthy Japanese men and women. Participants (992 in total, 296 men and 696 women aged 30-79 years) had neither previous cardiovascular events or stroke, nor coexisting hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia. Arterial stiffness was measured by the cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI), and increased CAVI was defined as a CAVI value of 9 or higher. A saliva sample was collected in the morning and sAA was measured with a commercial assay kit. Higher sAA activity was positively associated with greater arterial stiffness particularly among women (β = 0.070; 95% CI = 0.014-0.126; p = 0.01), and not across all participants (β = 0.042; 95% CI = -0.005-0.089; p = 0.08) and in men (β = -0.005; 95% CI = -0.097-0.087; p = 0.91). The association was strongest in the group of women aged 60 years and older (β = 0.121; 95% CI = 0.018-0.224; p = 0.02). Although the association between sAA and increased CAVI (CAVI ≥ 9) was not significant in all and sex subgroups, odds ratios (OR) for CAVI ≥ 7 were significantly high in all participants (OR = 1.25; 95% CI = 1.03-1.53) and women (OR = 1.43; 95% CI = 1.12-1.82). Elevation of sAA was associated with an increase in arterial stiffness, particularly for women aged 60 years or older.
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18
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Kataoka H, Nakayama D. Online In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled with Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Automated Analysis of Four Sulfated Steroid Metabolites in Saliva Samples. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27103225. [PMID: 35630701 PMCID: PMC9145352 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Accurate measurement of sulfated steroid metabolite concentrations can not only enable the elucidation of the mechanisms regulating steroid metabolism, but also lead to the diagnosis of various related diseases. The present study describes a simple and sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of four sulfated steroid metabolites in saliva, pregnenolone sulfate (PREGS), dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), cortisol sulfate (CRTS), and 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate (E2S), by online coupling of in-tube solid-phase microextraction (IT-SPME) and stable isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These compounds were extracted and concentrated on Supel-Q PLOT capillary tubes by IT-SPME and separated and detected within 6 min by LC-MS/MS using an InertSustain swift C18 column and negative ion mode multiple reaction monitoring systems. These operations were fully automated by an online program. Calibration curves using their stable isotope-labeled internal standards showed good linearity in the range of 0.01-2 ng mL-1 for PREGS, DHEAS, and CRTS and of 0.05-10 ng mL-1 for E2S. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) of PREGS, DHEAS, CRTS, and E2S were 0.59, 0.30, 0.80, and 3.20 pg mL-1, respectively. Moreover, intraday and interday variations were lower than 11.1% (n = 5). The recoveries of these compounds from saliva samples were in the range of 86.6-112.9%. The developed method is highly sensitive and specific and can easily measure sulfated steroid metabolite concentrations in 50 μL saliva samples.
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19
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Systematic review of animal-based indicators to measure thermal, social, and immune-related stress in pigs. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266524. [PMID: 35511825 PMCID: PMC9070874 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The intense nature of pig production has increased the animals’ exposure to stressful conditions, which may be detrimental to their welfare and productivity. Some of the most common sources of stress in pigs are extreme thermal conditions (thermal stress), density and mixing during housing (social stress), or exposure to pathogens and other microorganisms that may challenge their immune system (immune-related stress). The stress response can be monitored based on the animals’ coping mechanisms, as a result of specific environmental, social, and health conditions. These animal-based indicators may support decision making to maintain animal welfare and productivity. The present study aimed to systematically review animal-based indicators of social, thermal, and immune-related stresses in farmed pigs, and the methods used to monitor them. Peer-reviewed scientific literature related to pig production was collected using three online search engines: ScienceDirect, Scopus, and PubMed. The manuscripts selected were grouped based on the indicators measured during the study. According to our results, body temperature measured with a rectal thermometer was the most commonly utilized method for the evaluation of thermal stress in pigs (87.62%), as described in 144 studies. Of the 197 studies that evaluated social stress, aggressive behavior was the most frequently-used indicator (81.81%). Of the 535 publications examined regarding immune-related stress, cytokine concentration in blood samples was the most widely used indicator (80.1%). Information about the methods used to measure animal-based indicators is discussed in terms of validity, reliability, and feasibility. Additionally, the introduction and wide spreading of alternative, less invasive methods with which to measure animal-based indicators, such as cortisol in saliva, skin temperature and respiratory rate via infrared thermography, and various animal welfare threats via vocalization analysis are highlighted. The information reviewed was used to discuss the feasible and most reliable methods with which to monitor the impact of relevant stressors commonly presented by intense production systems on the welfare of farmed pigs.
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20
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Nelis JLD, Bose U, Broadbent JA, Hughes J, Sikes A, Anderson A, Caron K, Schmoelzl S, Colgrave ML. Biomarkers and biosensors for the diagnosis of noncompliant pH, dark cutting beef predisposition, and welfare in cattle. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:2391-2432. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Utpal Bose
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food St Lucia Australia
| | | | | | - Anita Sikes
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food Coopers Plains Australia
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21
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Emami A, Hallinder H, Theorell T, Kim H, Engström G. The Feasibility and Acceptability of In-Home Saliva Collection for Stress in Persons With Dementia and Their Family Caregivers. Biol Res Nurs 2022; 24:308-315. [PMID: 35238213 DOI: 10.1177/10998004221076554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although increasing attention is being paid to cortisol and the sulfated form of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA-S) as stress biomarkers, the feasibility of saliva collection of such biomarkers has yet to be investigated among dementia care dyads (persons with dementia [PWD] and family caregivers) living in a home setting. We explored the feasibility and acceptability of in-home saliva collection for cortisol and DHEA-S as stress biomarkers among dementia care dyads. METHODS Dementia care dyads were recruited from a memory evaluation center. After pre-evaluation and education sessions, participants collected their saliva 3 times a day, 5 days a week, for 8 consecutive weeks. We calculated frequency counts and percentages to assess enrollment rate, retention rate, the completion rate of saliva collection, and valid samples of cortisol and DHEA-S. Independent samples t-tests were performed to compare mean differences in the total number of collected samples and valid samples between PWD and family caregivers at each time point of saliva collection. RESULTS A total of 46 dyads were referred to this study; 32 dyads (69.6%) agreed to participate, and 26 started collecting saliva. Twenty-four dyads (75%) completed 8 weeks of saliva collection. There were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in the number of collected samples and valid samples between PWD and caregiver participants. CONCLUSION This study supports the feasibility of in-home saliva collection for stress biomarker assay and the need for further investigation into self-administered collection of stress biomarkers with a particular focus on dementia care dyads living at home.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azita Emami
- University of Washington School of Nursing, Seattle, WA, USA.,Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, RinggoldID:27106Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Hallinder
- Division of Occupational Therapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, RinggoldID:27106Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Töres Theorell
- Department of International Health, RinggoldID:27106Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Stress Research Institute, Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Adult Health and Gerontological Nursing, RinggoldID:2461Rush University College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriella Engström
- RinggoldID:3317Dalarna University School of Education, Health, and Social Studies, Falun, Sweden
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22
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Karuppaiah G, Velayutham J, Hansda S, Narayana N, Bhansali S, Manickam P. Towards the development of reagent-free and reusable electrochemical aptamer-based cortisol sensor. Bioelectrochemistry 2022; 145:108098. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2022.108098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Uchida H, Ovitt CE. Novel impacts of saliva with regard to oral health. J Prosthet Dent 2022; 127:383-391. [PMID: 34140141 PMCID: PMC8669010 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The maintenance of balanced oral homeostasis depends on saliva. A readily available and molecularly rich source of biological fluid, saliva fulfills many functions in the oral cavity, including lubrication, pH buffering, and tooth mineralization. Saliva composition and flow can be modulated by different factors, including circadian rhythm, diet, age, drugs, and disease. Recent events have revealed that saliva plays a central role in the dissemination and detection of the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus. A working knowledge of saliva function and physiology is essential for dental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Uchida
- Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
| | - Catherine E. Ovitt
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, Center for Oral Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY
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Luo D, Fu Q, Gao R, Su L, Su Y, Liu B. Signal-on photoelectrochemical immunoassay for salivary cortisol based on silver nanoclusters-triggered ion-exchange reaction with CdS quantum dots. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3033-3042. [PMID: 35190841 PMCID: PMC8860362 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03893-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, the epidemic, employment, and academic pressures are seriously affecting our physical and mental health. Herein, we designed a magneto-controlled photoelectrochemical immunosensor for noninvasive monitoring of salivary cortisol regarded as a pressure biomarker. A competitive immunoassay model was established by coupling bovine serum albumin-cortisol modified magnetic beads (MB-BSA-cortisol) with silver nanoclusters (Ag NCs)-labelled anti-cortisol antibody, and quantity analysis was operated by photoelectrochemical measurement of the CdS/Au electrode as an ion-exchange platform. Accompanying the formation of immune complexes, the carried Ag NCs were readily dissolved with nitric acid to produce abundant silver ions, which transferred to the electrode for ion-exchange reaction with CdS quantum dots to produce Ag2S, a new electron–hole capture site, leading to a decrease in the photocurrent intensity. The photocurrent signal gradually recovered with the increase of concentration of target cortisol, acquiring the signal-on mode competitive immunosensing system, which is propitious to the detection of small molecules. Within optimal conditions, this sensor had a satisfactory linear relationship in the range of 0.0001–100 ng mL−1 with favorable repeatability, specificity, and acceptable method accuracy. The detection limit was as low as 0.06 pg mL−1. In addition, this strategy provided new thought for the test of other small-molecule analytes and immunosensor applied in the complex biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajuan Luo
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs (Ministry of Education of Guizhou Province), College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Qiuping Fu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Guiyang University, Guiyang, 550005, China
| | - Rong Gao
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs (Ministry of Education of Guizhou Province), College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Lixia Su
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs (Ministry of Education of Guizhou Province), College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yonghuan Su
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs (Ministry of Education of Guizhou Province), College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Guizhou Engineering Laboratory for Synthetic Drugs (Ministry of Education of Guizhou Province), College of Pharmacy, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
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Cajochen C, Weber J, Estrada AF, Kobayashi K, Gabel V. Circadian and homeostatic sleep-wake regulation of secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA): Effects of environmental light and recovery sleep. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 19:100394. [PMID: 34977821 PMCID: PMC8683681 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2021.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Secretory Immunoglobulin A (sIgA) builds the first line of the human immune defense. It is not clear whether the power of this defence line is constant across the 24-h day, depends on sleep pressure levels and can be influenced by external lighting conditions. Thus, in 10 healthy young volunteers, we retrospectively analyzed saliva samples for sIgA levels under strictly controlled laboratory conditions across 40 h of extended wakefulness under two lighting conditions (dim light 8 lx and blue-enriched light 250 lx, 9000 K) to test for circadian and homeostatic sleep-wake influences. We compared the temporal profile of sIgA with the circadian time course of melatonin and cortisol along with subjective sleepiness levels, assessed in the same study by Gabel et al. (2017). The 40-h time course of sIgA exhibited a clear circadian modulation with peak values in the mornings coinciding with the individuals' habitual rise-time. In addition, sIgA levels progressively increased throughout the 40 h of extended wakefulness and were temporally correlated with subjective sleepiness but not with subjective ratings of tension and discomfort. In contrast to the circadian profile of melatonin and cortisol, sIgA levels were not significantly altered by the lighting conditions. Unexpectedly, sIgA levels in the morning after recovery sleep from 40 h of extended wakefulness rose considerably by more than an order of magnitude (10 times more) compared to morning levels after baseline sleep. We have evidence that diurnal sIgA levels in humans are regulated by the circadian timing system, and challenging the status of the sleep-wake homeostat (i.e. extended wakefulness) boosts human sIgA levels. Thus, besides a person's circadian phase position, the first line of human immune defense also strongly depends on the person's sleep-wake history and actual sleepiness levels. In sum, the fight against pathogenic microorganisms by a key immunological component (sIgA) is modulated by two fundamental processes implicated in human sleep-wake regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Cajochen
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Wilhelm Kleinstr. 27, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
- Transfaculty Research Platform Molecular and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Basel, Birmannsgasse 8, CHF-4055, Basel, Switzerland
- Corresponding author. Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Wilhelm Kleinstr. 27, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Weber
- NovoLytiX GmbH, Benkenstrasse 254C, CH-4108, Witterswil, Switzerland
| | | | - Kumpei Kobayashi
- Development and Engineering Department, Toshiba Materials Co. Ltd, Yokohama-City, Japan
| | - Virginie Gabel
- Centre for Chronobiology, Psychiatric Hospital of the University of Basel, Wilhelm Kleinstr. 27, CH-4002, Basel, Switzerland
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Villavicencio P, Bravo C, Ibarz A, Solé S. Effects of Acute Psychological and Physiological Stress on Rock Climbers. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10215013. [PMID: 34768532 PMCID: PMC8584542 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10215013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to assess the effects that psychological and physiological stressors have on indoor rock climbers, as well as to identify sex differences. METHODS 14 intermediate rock climbers participated in the study, 10 males and 4 females. Mean age was 31 ± 8 years for males and 21 ± 2 years for females. Day 1 consisted of test familiarization and baseline measurements. Day 2 included two test conditions, startle and fatigue, separated by 20 min. In the startle condition, participants had to lead climb a route, and a loud audio stimulus was presented near the top of the climb. In the fatigue condition, participants were required to climb as fast as they could until muscular failure. The competitive state anxiety inventory second review (CSAI-2R) questionnaire was used to assess somatic anxiety, cognitive anxiety, and self-confidence. The four-square step test (FSST) was used to assess motor control, and cortisol levels were acquired via passive drool (PD). RESULTS Cortisol concentrations were highest in the pre-startle condition (1.72 μg/dL ± 0.66), and values decreased post-startle (1.67 μg/dL ± 0.74) and post-fatigue (1.42 μg/dL ± 0.72). However, cortisol concentrations increased post-startle in females (1.57 μg/dL ± 0.96). Somatic anxiety in males was significantly higher post-startle (16.36 ± 5.54) than pre-startle (14.23 ± 5.09). Females had significantly higher somatic anxiety post-startle (18.00 ± 8.76), and they had lower self-confidence levels (30.00 ± 5.89) than males. CONCLUSIONS There are differences in the way that males and females prepare and respond to stressful situations. Furthermore, time of day may have had a significant impact on cortisol concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Villavicencio
- Master Program Integrative Physiology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Cristina Bravo
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Research Group of Health Care (GRECS), Institute of Biomedical Research Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Antoni Ibarz
- Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Biology, University of Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Silvia Solé
- Department of Nursing and Physiotherapy, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain;
- Research Group of Health Care (GRECS), Institute of Biomedical Research Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
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Fast accurate quantification of salivary cortisol and cortisone in a large-scale clinical stress study by micro-UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS using a surrogate calibrant approach. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2021; 1182:122939. [PMID: 34547590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2021.122939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cortisol and cortisone are common markers for stress and thus preferentially analyzed in matrices that allow non-invasive sampling such as saliva. Though the major drawback of immunoassays is lack of specificity due to cross reactivities, they are still most commonly used for quantification of steroid hormones. To overcome such problems, sensitive methods based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry are becoming more and more accepted as the golden standard for steroid bioanalysis as they achieve accurate quantification at trace levels for multiple analytes in the same run. Along this line, the aim of this study was the development of a new microflow UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the measurement of salivary cortisol and cortisone, which due to its microflow regime provides enhanced sensitivity and is more ecofriendly. The developed method implemented sample preparation by Solid-Phase Extraction (SPE) in a 96-well plate format. Data acquisitions were carried out in MRM (multiple reaction monitoring) mode. The quantitative determination of endogenous compounds in saliva remains a challenge since analyte-free matrix is lacking. Hence, a surrogate calibrant approach with cortisol-d4 andcortisone-13C3 was applied for the target compounds in the presented method. A number of factors were optimized and the method validated. The lower limit of quantitation (LLOQ) was 72 and 62 pg mL-1for cortisol and cortisone, respectively. Linear calibration was achieved in the range from 0.062 to 75.5 ng mL-1for cortisol-d4 and 0.072 to 44 ng mL-1forcortisone-13C3. The performance of the method was also evaluated via proficiency test for salivary cortisol. Finally, it was applied successfully to evaluate cortisol and cortisone concentrations in multiple batches in routine clinical stress study samples (4056 total injections with 1983 study samples). Moreover, the instrument performance (in particular retention time variability) within each batch, between different batches and lot-to-lot of 5 investigated capillary columns over time is described. The work documents that micro-UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS is suitable and robust enough to carry out a full clinical study with greater than 1000s of samples over an extended period if adequate internal standards can be used.
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Akiyama J, Ohta M. Hormonal and Neurological Aspects of Dog Walking for Dog Owners and Pet Dogs. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11092732. [PMID: 34573698 PMCID: PMC8465204 DOI: 10.3390/ani11092732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hormone oxytocin is involved in various aspects of the relationship between humans and animals. Dog walking is a common activity for dog owners and their dogs. The walk, of course, should be good for the health of the dog as well as its owner. In Experiment I, we assessed whether salivary oxytocin and cortisol in dog owners changed because of walking their dogs. Ten owners walked with their dogs and walked alone. Similar to other previous research, walking with a dog did not significantly change oxytocin and cortisol. Therefore, in Experiment II, we investigated the effect of dog walking on brain noradrenergic and GABAergic neural activity, as indicated by salivary MHPG and GABA, in 14 dog owners. Walking with a dog reduced salivary MHPG compared to walking alone, and MHPG was correlated negatively with GABA. Thus, dog walking activated GABAergic nerves in the brain and suppressed noradrenergic nerves, effectively relieving stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Akiyama
- Department of Animal Health Technology, Yamazaki University of Animal Health Technology, Tokyo 192-0364, Japan;
| | - Mitsuaki Ohta
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Sagamihara-shi 252-5201, Japan
- Correspondence:
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La Fratta I, Franceschelli S, Speranza L, Patruno A, Michetti C, D'Ercole P, Ballerini P, Grilli A, Pesce M. Salivary oxytocin, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence in pre-competition athletes. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16877. [PMID: 34413428 PMCID: PMC8376920 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96392-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that soccer sport has the potential for high levels of stress and anxiety and that these are linked to Cortisol (C) variations. To date, much research has been devoted to understanding how Oxytocin (OT) can affect anxiety in response to a challenge. The aim of this study was to investigate, in 56 young male soccer players, the psychophysiological stress response 96 and 24 h before one soccer match of a tournament, in order to establish whether athletes who won or lost, show different levels of C and OT or expressions of competitive state anxiety subcomponents. We found that winners had significantly lower Cognitive anxiety and higher Self-confidence scores than losers. Also, significant differences between winners and losers in C and OT concentrations were observed, with higher OT levels in who has won and higher C levels in who has lost. Our results showed interesting associations between OT, C, anxiety feelings, and the outcome of competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene La Fratta
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Franceschelli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lorenza Speranza
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Carlo Michetti
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo D'Ercole
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ballerini
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfredo Grilli
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Medicine and Health Science School, University G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Liquid Biopsy: A Family of Possible Diagnostic Tools. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081391. [PMID: 34441325 PMCID: PMC8394215 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsies could be considered an excellent diagnostic tool, in different physiological or pathological conditions. The possibility of using liquid biopsies for non-invasive clinical purposes is quite an old idea: indeed many years ago it was already being used in the field of non-invasive prenatal tests (NIPT) for autosomal fetal aneuploidy evaluation. In 1997 Lo et al. had identified fetal DNA in maternal plasma and serum, showing that about 10–15% of cfDNA in maternal plasma is derived from the placenta, and biologic fluid represents an important and non-invasive technique to evaluate state diseases and possible therapies. Nowadays, several body fluids, such as blood, urine, saliva and other patient samples, could be used as liquid biopsy for clinical non-invasive evaluation. These fluids contain numerous and various biomarkers and could be used for the evaluation of pathological and non-pathological conditions. In this review we will analyze the different types of liquid biopsy, their potential role in clinical diagnosis and the functional involvement of extracellular vesicles in these fluids as carriers.
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Martins BR, Sampaio TM, de Farias AKSR, de Paula Martins R, Teixeira RR, Oliveira RTS, Oliveira CJF, da Silva MV, Rodrigues V, Dantas NO, Espindola FS, Silva ACA, Alves-Balvedi RP. Immunosensor Based on Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals Decorated with Copper for the Electrochemical Detection of Human Salivary Alpha-Amylase. MICROMACHINES 2021; 12:657. [PMID: 34204953 PMCID: PMC8229992 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Nanocrystals (NCs)-based electrochemical sensors have been proposed for biomarkers detection, although immunosensors using ZnO NCs decorated with copper are still scarce. (2) Methods: Electrochemical immunodetection of human salivary alpha-amylase (HSA) used ZnO, CuO, and ZnO:xCu (x = 0.1, 0.4, 1.0, 4.0, and 12.0) NCs. (3) Results: Substitutional incorporation of Cu2+ in the crystalline structure of ZnO and formation of nanocomposite were demonstrated by characterization. Graphite electrodes were used and the electrochemical signal increased by 40% when using ZnO:1Cu and 4Cu (0.25 mg·mL-1), in an immunosensor (0.372 mg·mL-1 of anti-alpha-amylase and 1% of casein). Different interactions of HSA with the alpha-amylase antibody were registered when adding the NCs together, either before or after the addition of saliva (4 μL). The immunosensor changed specificity due to the interaction of copper. The ZnO:1Cu and ZnO:4Cu samples showed 50% interference in detection when used before the addition of saliva. The immunosensor showed 100% specificity and a sensitivity of 0.00196 U·mL-1. (4) Conclusions: Results showed that the order of NCs addition in the sensors should be tested and evaluated to avoid misinterpretation in detection and to enable advances in the validation of the immunosensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Rodrigues Martins
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Tainá Marques Sampaio
- Biological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Iturama, MG 38280-180, Brazil; (T.M.S.); (A.K.S.R.d.F.)
| | | | - Rheltheer de Paula Martins
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Renata Roland Teixeira
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG 38405-319, Brazil; (R.R.T.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Robson Tadeu Soares Oliveira
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Carlo Jose Freire Oliveira
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Virmondes Rodrigues
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
| | - Noelio Oliveira Dantas
- Laboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil; (N.O.D.); (A.C.A.S.)
| | - Foued Salmen Espindola
- Institute of Biotechnology, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, MG 38405-319, Brazil; (R.R.T.); (F.S.E.)
| | - Anielle Christine Almeida Silva
- Laboratory of New Nanostructured and Functional Materials, Institute of Physics, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil; (N.O.D.); (A.C.A.S.)
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL 57072-900, Brazil
| | - Renata Pereira Alves-Balvedi
- Physiological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG 38025-180, Brazil; (B.R.M.); (R.d.P.M.); (R.T.S.O.J.); (C.J.F.O.); (M.V.d.S.); (V.R.J.)
- Biological Science, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro, Iturama, MG 38280-180, Brazil; (T.M.S.); (A.K.S.R.d.F.)
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Trassante CM, Barboza VDS, Rocha LDS, Correa PM, Luchese C, Wilhelm EA, Pereira de Pereira CM, Baldissera MD, Rech VC, Giongo JL, de Almeida Vaucher R. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus using an alternative molecular method and evaluation of biochemical, hematological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress in healthcare professionals. Microb Pathog 2021; 158:104975. [PMID: 34022358 PMCID: PMC8132506 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In early December 2019, an outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 caused by a new strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), occurred in the city of Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the outbreak a public health emergency of international concern. Since then, frontline healthcare professionals have been experiencing extremely stressful situations and damage to their physical and mental health. These adverse conditions cause stress and biochemical, hematological, and inflammatory changes, as well as oxidative damage, and could be potentially detrimental to the health of the individual. The study population consisted of frontline health professionals working in BHU in a city in southern Brazil. Among the 45 participants, two were infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus and were diagnosed using immunochromatographic tests such as salivary RT-LAMP and qRT-PCR. We also evaluated biochemical, hematological, inflammatory, and oxidative stress markers in the participants. The infected professionals (CoV-2-Prof) showed a significant increase in the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), cholesterol, lactic dehydrogenase, lymphocytes, and monocytes. In this group, the levels of uric acid, triglycerides, leukocytes, neutrophils, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and platelets decreased. In the group of uninfected professionals (NoCoV-2-Prof), significant increase in HDL levels and the percentages of eosinophils and monocytes, was observed. Further, in this group, uric acid, LDH, triglyceride, and cholesterol levels, and the hematocrit count and mean corpuscular volume were significantly reduced. Both groups showed significant inflammatory activity with changes in the levels of C-reactive protein and mucoprotein. The NoCoV-2-Prof group showed significantly elevated plasma cortisol levels. To our kowledge, this study is the first to report the use of the RT-LAMP method with the saliva samples of health professionals, to evalute of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Marcelino Trassante
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Grupo de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Victor Dos Santos Barboza
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Grupo de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Liziane Dos Santos Rocha
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Grupo de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Paulo Maximiliano Correa
- Curso de Farmácia, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Luchese
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Ethel Antunes Wilhelm
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Farmacologia Bioquímica (LaFarBio), Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Claudio Martin Pereira de Pereira
- Laboratório de Lipidômica e Bio-orgânica, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Matheus Dellaméa Baldissera
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Virginia Cielo Rech
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Nanociências, Universidade Franciscana (UFN), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Janice Luehring Giongo
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Grupo de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo de Almeida Vaucher
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos (LaPeBBioM), Grupo de Pesquisa Em Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Micro-organismos, Centro de Ciências Químicas, Farmacêuticas e de Alimentos (CCQFA), Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Masuo Y, Satou T, Takemoto H, Koike K. Smell and Stress Response in the Brain: Review of the Connection between Chemistry and Neuropharmacology. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092571. [PMID: 33924992 PMCID: PMC8124235 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The stress response in the brain is not fully understood, although stress is one of the risk factors for developing mental disorders. On the other hand, the stimulation of the olfactory system can influence stress levels, and a certain smell has been empirically known to have a stress-suppressing effect, indeed. In this review, we first outline what stress is and previous studies on stress-responsive biomarkers (stress markers) in the brain. Subsequently, we confirm the olfactory system and review previous studies on the relationship between smell and stress response by species, such as humans, rats, and mice. Numerous studies demonstrated the stress-suppressing effects of aroma. There are also investigations showing the effects of odor that induce stress in experimental animals. In addition, we introduce recent studies on the effects of aroma of coffee beans and essential oils, such as lavender, cypress, α-pinene, and thyme linalool on the behavior and the expression of stress marker candidates in the brain. The transfer of volatile components into the brain is also discussed while using the results of thyme linalool as an example. These studies may provide a good opportunity to connect chemical research at the molecular level with neuropharmacological approaches in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Masuo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-47-472-5257
| | - Tadaaki Satou
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan;
| | - Hiroaki Takemoto
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (H.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazuo Koike
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toho University, 2-2-1 Miyama, Funabashi, Chiba 274-8510, Japan; (H.T.); (K.K.)
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Stress Salivary Biomarkers Variation during the Work Day in Emergencies in Healthcare Professionals. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083937. [PMID: 33918537 PMCID: PMC8070075 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The work of health professionals in hospital emergency rooms is highly demanding due to the decisions they must take. In the present study, we consider assessing stress response in emergency health workers, measuring related biomarkers such as cortisol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and salivary α-amylase during the whole working day. METHOD An analytical, descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out. The study was conducted in the emergency rooms of two public hospitals. Ninety-seven professionals participated, 45 corresponding to one hospital and 52 to the other. Four salivary samples were obtained according to circadian rhythms: at 8:00, 12:00, 15:00 and 00:00 h/24 h. The data were subsequently analyzed. RESULTS Cortisol levels decreased throughout the working day, with minimum values being at 24 h. A similar pattern was observed in DHEA. The α-amylase levels increased throughout the working day, reaching its peak at 15:00 h, and decreasing at 24 h, compared to the data from the rest of the working day. CONCLUSIONS Since reference/baseline values are not presented, this work is focused on a stress situation experienced during one regular working day in emergency rooms with no extreme situations. In this context, stress, measured through cortisol and α-amylase, is present in emergency room doctors and nurses. However, the increase in DHEA, due to its anabolic condition, could counteract their effect, suggesting a positive effect on their professional actions.
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