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McNeil J, Koch HR, Dollar JM, Shriver LH, Keane SP, Shanahan L, Wideman L. Physiologic and Behavioral Correlates of Energy Intake in Emerging Adulthood: Cross-Sectional Analysis of the RIGHT Track Health Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:88-95. [PMID: 36913482 PMCID: PMC10196564 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Consistent findings have reported that FFM is associated with EI. However, conjoint assessments of physiologic (body composition, fasting serum leptin) and behavioral [eating behaviors and physical activity (PA)] correlates of EI during emerging adulthood have not been examined. OBJECTIVES We assessed associations between physiologic and behavioral correlates of EI within the context of one another in emerging adults (18-28 years old). We also assessed these associations in a subsample after the removal of probable EI underreporters. METHODS Cross-sectional data from 244 emerging adults (age = 19.6 ± 1.4 y; BMI = 26.4 ± 6.6 kg/m2; 56.6% female) from the RIGHT Track Health study were used. Measures included body composition (BOD POD), eating behaviors (Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire), objective and subjective PA (accelerometer-derived total activity counts and Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Exercise Questionnaire), fasting serum leptin, and EI (three 24-hour dietary recalls). Correlates independently associated with EI were entered into a backward stepwise linear regression model. Correlates that met the criteria of P < 0.05 were retained. Analyses were repeated in a subsample after removing probable EI underreporters (n = 48). Effect modification by sex (male and female) and BMI (BMI < 25 kg/m2, BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) categories was also assessed. RESULTS In the full sample, FFM (β: 18.4; 95% CI: 9.9, 26.8), leptin (β: -84.8; 95% CI: -154.3, -15.4), dietary restraint (β: -35.2; 95% CI: -59.1, -11.3), and subjective PA (β: 2.5; 95% CI: 0.04, 4.9) were significantly associated with EI. After the removal of probable underreporters, only FFM remained significantly associated with EI (β: 43.9; 95% CI: 27.2, 60.6). No evidence of effect modification by sex or BMI categories was noted. CONCLUSIONS Although physiologic and behavioral correlates were associated with EI in the full sample, only FFM remained a robust correlate of EI in a subsample of emerging adults after removing probable EI underreporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica McNeil
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
| | - Hannah R Koch
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Jessica M Dollar
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA; Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Lenka H Shriver
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Susan P Keane
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - Lilly Shanahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurie Wideman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
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Gaździńska A, Jagielski P, Turczyńska M, Dziuda Ł, Gaździński S. Assessment of Risk Factors for Development of Overweight and Obesity among Soldiers of Polish Armed Forces Participating in the National Health Programme 2016-2020. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19053069. [PMID: 35270758 PMCID: PMC8909950 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19053069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among Polish Armed Forces soldiers and to analyze risk factors impacting body mass. In total, 1096 male, Caucasian soldiers (36.31 ± 8.03 years) participated in this study. Anthropometric data were obtained, and questionnaires evaluated sociodemographic, environmental, behavioral and biological factors known to be associated with obesity. Only 33% of the total number of participants had normal body weight, and 17.3% were considered obese (according to WHO criteria). The results showed that being 40 years or older, sleeping six hours or less per day, more frequent reaching for food in stressful situations, having a mother with excessive body weight, not exercising or exercising at most two days per week, and spending two hours a day or more in front of the TV increase the risk of obesity. Taken together, the results show that factors such as family history of obesity, dietary habits, physical activity, length of sleep and ability to cope with stress could be used to identify soldiers at higher risk of developing obesity in order to provide them with personalized prevention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agata Gaździńska
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Obesity Treatment, Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Paweł Jagielski
- Department of Nutrition and Drug Research, Institute of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-066 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Marta Turczyńska
- Laboratory of Dietetics and Obesity Treatment, Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Dziuda
- Department of Psychophysiological Measurements and Human Factor Research, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Stefan Gaździński
- Department of Neuroimaging, Military Institute of Aviation Medicine, Krasińskiego 54/56, 01-755 Warsaw, Poland;
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Gavanda S, Isenmann E, Geisler S, Faigenbaum A, Zinner C. The Effects of High-Intensity Functional Training Compared with Traditional Strength or Endurance Training on Physical Performance in Adolescents. J Strength Cond Res 2022; 36:624-632. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000004221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Is Energy Expenditure or Physical Activity Considered When Energy Intake Is Measured? A Scoping Review 1975-2015. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13093262. [PMID: 34579141 PMCID: PMC8465195 DOI: 10.3390/nu13093262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The health-transitions humans have delivered during the 20th Century associated with the nutrition is that from undernutrition to obesity, which perseveres in the current years of the 21st Century. Energy intake (EI) is a contributing factor and therefore a fascination in nutritional sciences. However, energy expenditure (EE) has not been usually considered as a conjoint factor. Thus, this study aimed to review if studies on adults consider data on dietary intake, specifically EI, and included data on EE and physical activity (PA). A search of MEDLINE from 1975 to December 2015 was managed. Our scoping review consisted of keywords related to EI, dietary allowances, and nutritional requirements. From 2229 acknowledged articles, 698 articles were finally taken fulfilling inclusion and quality criteria. A total of 2,081,824 adults (53.7% females) were involved, and most studies had been conducted in EEUU (241), Canada (42), Australia (30), Japan (32), and Brazil (14). In Europe, apart from UK (64), the Netherlands (31) and France (26) led the classification, followed by Sweden (18), Denmark (17), and France (26). Mediterranean countries are represented with 27 studies. A total of 76.4% did not include EE and 93.1% did not include PA. Only 23.6% of the studies contained both EI and EE. A large methodological diversity was perceived, with more than 14 different methods regarding EI, and more than 10 for EE. PA was only analyzed in scarce articles, and scarcely considered for interpretation of data and conclusions. Moreover, PA was often measured by subjective questionnaires. Dietary surveys show a large diversity regarding methodology, which makes comparability of studies difficult. EE and PA are missing in around 80% of studies or are not included in the interpretation of results. Conclusions regarding EI or diet adequacy in adults should not be taken without analyzing EE and PA.
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González-Gil EM, Huybrechts I, Aguilera CM, Béghin L, Breidenassel C, Gesteiro E, González-Gross M, de Henauw S, Kersting M, Donne CL, Manios Y, Marcos A, Meirhaeghe A, De Miguel-Etayo P, Molina-Hidalgo C, Molnár D, Papadaki A, Widhalm K, Moreno LA, Bel-Serrat S. Cardiometabolic Risk is Positively Associated with Underreporting and Inversely Associated with Overreporting of Energy Intake Among European Adolescents: The Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence (HELENA) Study. J Nutr 2021; 151:675-684. [PMID: 33484148 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxaa389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dietary misreporting is the main limitation of dietary assessments and has been associated with BMI during youth. However there are no prior studies assessing misreporting and cardiometabolic risks (CMRs) in adolescence. OBJECTIVES To examine the associations between dietary misreporting and CMR factors in adolescents and to assess the potential bias in the association between CMR and energy intake (EI) driven by dietary misreporting. METHODS Two 24-hour dietary recalls were obtained from 1512 European adolescents (54.8% girls) aged 12.5-17.5 years. Physical activity was measured by accelerometry. Cut-offs suggested by Huang were applied to identify misreporters. Height, waist circumference (WC), the sum of 4 skinfold thicknesses, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), systolic blood pressure (SBP), and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) measurements were taken and serum triglycerides and total-/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were analyzed. A sex- and age-specific clustered CMR score (n = 364) was computed. Associations were investigated by multilevel regression analyses adjusting for age, sex, center, socioeconomic status, and physical activity. RESULTS Underreporting (24.8% adolescents) was significantly (P < 0.05) associated with a higher WC, waist-to-height ratio (WHeR), and sum of skinfold thickness, whereas overreporting (23.4% adolescents) was significantly associated with a lower WC, WHeR, sum of skinfold thickness, and SBP. Associations between CMR factors and EI were significantly affected by misreporting, considering various approaches. Significant, positive associations became inverse after adjusting for misreporting for WC and WHeR. The opposite was true for the sum of skinfold thickness, SBP, and CMR score. The associations between EI and DBP and CRF did not remain significant after adjusting for misreporting. CONCLUSIONS CMR factors differed among misreporting groups, and both abdominal and total fat mass indicators were more strongly associated with all forms of misreporting than was BMI. Moreover, misreporting seems to bias EI and CMR associations in adolescents. Therefore, energy misreporting should be taken into account when examining diet-CMR associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M González-Gil
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research (GENUD) Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer, World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Concepción M Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, Center of Biomedical Research, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laurent Béghin
- University Lille, Inserm, Centre Hospitalier Universitarie (CHU) Lille, Clinical Investigation Center, Lille, France
- University Lille, Inserm, Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Lille, France
| | - Christina Breidenassel
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institut of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva Gesteiro
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Institut of Nutritional and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefaan de Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mathilde Kersting
- Research Department of Child Nutrition, Pediatric University Clinic, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Cinzia Le Donne
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Institute of Food Science, Technology and Nutrition, Spanish National Research Council, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aline Meirhaeghe
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Pilar De Miguel-Etayo
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research (GENUD) Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- Evaluacion funcional y fisiologia del ejercicio. Ciencia y tecnologia de la salud (EFFECTS 262) Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Angeliki Papadaki
- Department of Social Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
- Centre for Exercise, Nutrition & Health Sciences, School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Medicine University Vienna, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterolgy and Hepatology, Vienna, Austria
- Austrian Academic Institute for Clinical Nutrition, Vienna, Austria
| | - Luis A Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research (GENUD) Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red (CIBER). Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Silvia Bel-Serrat
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development Research (GENUD) Group, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
- National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Flieh SM, Moreno LA, Miguel-Berges ML, Stehle P, Marcos A, Molnár D, Widhalm K, Béghin L, De Henauw S, Kafatos A, Leclercq C, Gonzalez-Gross M, Dallongeville J, Molina-Hidalgo C, González-Gil EM. Free Sugar Consumption and Obesity in European Adolescents: The HELENA Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12123747. [PMID: 33291491 PMCID: PMC7762126 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have evaluated the association between dietary free sugars intake (FSI) and obesity in adolescents. We examined the relation between FSI and their contributors from the main food groups and obesity in European adolescents. We included 843 adolescents (51.6% male) from the cross-sectional HELENA study with two completed 24 h recalls and anthropometric data. Linear mixed models were applied to investigate the relation between FSI and different anthropometric indices. Odds ratios for having a high body mass index (BMI) were also estimated by multilevel ordinal regression. Total FSI was higher in males than females (102.60 g and 87.58 g, respectively, p < 0.001). No effect was observed between free sugar from the main food groups and BMI. Consumers of FSI from "cakes, pies and biscuits" in males (odd ratio (OR) = 0.455; 95% Confidence interval (CI) 0.251, 0.824) and from "breakfast cereals" in females had a lower probability of having obesity (OR = 0.423; 95%CI 0.204, 0.878), whereas females consuming FSI from 'fruit and vegetables juices' had a higher probability of obesity (OR= 2.733; 95% CI 1.286, 5.810). This study provides no evidence that increased FSI is associated with obesity in adolescents. Further studies are needed to assess the longitudinal exposure to FSI and their effect on obesity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sondos M. Flieh
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (E.M.G.-G.)
| | - Luis A. Moreno
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (E.M.G.-G.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence:
| | - María L. Miguel-Berges
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (E.M.G.-G.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Inmunonutrition Research Group, Department of Metabolism and Nutrition, Instituto del Frío, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition (ICTAN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Dénes Molnár
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical School, University of Pécs, H-7624 Pécs, Hungary;
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division of Clinical Nutrition and Prevention, Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Laurent Béghin
- Inserm, U1286—INFINITE—Clinical Investigation Center—Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation and CIC 1403, University Lille, CHU Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Stefaan De Henauw
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, GR-71003 Crete, Greece;
| | - Catherine Leclercq
- Food and Nutrition Research Centre—Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, 00198 Rome, Italy;
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- CIBER Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain;
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jean Dallongeville
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, 59000 Lille, France;
| | - Cristina Molina-Hidalgo
- EFFECTS 262, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Esther M. González-Gil
- Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development (GENUD) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain; (S.M.F.); (M.L.M.-B.); (E.M.G.-G.)
- Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), 50013 Zaragoza, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Telford RD, Telford RM, Martin MK, Welvaert M. Drivers of adolescent adiposity: Evidence from the Australian LOOK study. J Sci Med Sport 2019; 22:1330-1334. [PMID: 31445949 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To contribute to our understanding of the drivers of body composition during adolescence we sought to employ valid and reliable measures to investigate cross-sectional and longitudinal relationships between percentage body fat (%BF) and physical activity (PA), moderate and vigorous PA (MVPA), sedentary time (ST), total energy, sugar and fat intake. DESIGN Longitudinal cohort study. METHODS We measured 556 (289 male) participants at age 12.4 (SD 0.4) years, and 269 (123 males) at 16.3 (SD 0.4) years, for %BF (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry); habitual PA, MVPA, ST (accelerometry); and dietary intake ('multi-pass' weekday and weekend 24-h recall). Accounting for likely under-reporting of energy intake (Goldberg cut-off), general linear mixed modelling was used to generate relationships with %BF. RESULTS Cross-sectional analyses indicated that 10min more MVPA per day was associated with 0.6 lower %BF (95%CI 0.4-0.9, p<0.001), and 10min less ST/day with 0.07 lower %BF (95%CI 0.00-0.15, p<0.001), independently of PA. In contrast, %BF was unrelated to total energy (p=0.4), sugar intake (p=0.2) or fat intake (p=0.9). Longitudinal analysis showed that if PA was increased by 3% (10,000 counts/day) over the 4 years, then %BF was reduced by 0.08 (95%CI 0.05-0.12, p=0.06). CONCLUSIONS The independent relationships of %BF with PA and ST, but absence of relationships with energy, sugar or fat intake, suggest that general community campaigns in a developed country directed at reducing adolescent obesity through modifications to energy intake and output would benefit from a more concerted focus on the latter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard D Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia.
| | - Rohan M Telford
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Mary K Martin
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia
| | - Marijke Welvaert
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise, University of Canberra, Australia
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8
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Okuda M, Asakura K, Sasaki S. Protein Intake Estimated from Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire and Urinary Urea Nitrogen Level in Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:E319. [PMID: 30717308 PMCID: PMC6412261 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the validity of the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ15y) to estimate the protein intake in 248 Japanese secondary school students (mean age = 14.2 years), using urinary biomarkers as references. Participants provided three samples of overnight urine for measurement of urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, underwent anthropometric measurements, and answered the questionnaires. Additionally, 58 students provided 24-h urine specimens. A significant correlation was observed between excretion of urea nitrogen in overnight and 24-h urine specimens (ρ = 0.527; p < 0.001), with biases ≤5.8%. The mean daily protein intake estimated from urinary biomarkers was 76.4 ± 20.4 g/d in males and 65.4 ± 16.9 g/d in females, and the mean protein intake estimated from the BDHQ15y (PRTbdhq) was 89.3 ± 33.7 g/d in males and 79.6 ± 24.6 g/d in females. Crude and energy-adjusted coefficients of correlation between PRTbdhq and protein intake estimated from urinary biomarkers were 0.205 (p = 0.001; 0.247 for males and 0.124 for females), and 0.204 (p = 0.001; 0.302 for males and 0.109 for females), respectively. The BDHQ15y is a low-cost tool to assess protein intake of a large population, instead of a weakness of overestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Okuda
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Lahoz-García N, García-Hermoso A, Milla-Tobarra M, Díez-Fernández A, Soriano-Cano A, Martínez-Vizcaíno V. Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a Mediator of the Influence of Diet on Obesity in Children. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030358. [PMID: 29547513 PMCID: PMC5872776 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The association between diet and obesity has been widely studied and it continues to be controversial; however, the extent to which cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) acts as a confounder or mediator in this relation has not been analyzed. The aim of this study is to examine if the relation between diet and obesity is mediated by CRF. In this cross-sectional study, fat mass (by electronic bioimpedance) was measured in 320 schoolchildren, aged 9–11 years. Diet was measured through two computerised 24-h dietary recalls and CRF was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test. Simple mediation analyses were fitted. CRF acts as a partial mediator in the negative relationship between dietary factors (energy intake/weight, carbohydrate intake/weight, protein intake/weight, and fat intake/weight) and fat mass. The percentage of mediation ranged from 24.3 to 33.2%. Thus, Spanish schoolchildren with higher levels of energy and macronutrients intake had lower adiposity levels, especially when they had good levels of CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Lahoz-García
- Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Antonio García-Hermoso
- Laboratorio de Ciencias de la Actividad Física, el Deporte y la Salud, Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, USACH, Santiago 7500618, Chile.
| | - Marta Milla-Tobarra
- Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
- SESCAM, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Talavera de la Reina, 45600 Toledo, Spain.
| | - Ana Díez-Fernández
- Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
- Facultad de Enfermería, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Alba Soriano-Cano
- Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martínez-Vizcaíno
- Centro de Estudios Socio-Sanitarios, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, 16071 Cuenca, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Talca 1670, Chile.
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Sabia JJ, Nguyen TT, Rosenberg O. High School Physical Education Requirements and Youth Body Weight: New Evidence from the YRBS. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2017; 26:1291-1306. [PMID: 27576770 DOI: 10.1002/hec.3399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has found that high school physical education (PE) requirements are largely ineffective at reducing youth body weight. However, these studies were forced to rely on cross-state variation in PE requirements to identify their impacts, raising concerns that estimated policy effects may be confounded by state-level unobservables. Using data from the State and National Youth Risk Behavior Surveys and exploiting recent changes in state high school PE laws, we re-examine the effect of PE requirements on body weight. Our estimates show that a one-semester increase in PE requirements is associated with a 10 to 13% increase in minutes per week spent physically active in PE classes, but with no change in net vigorous exercise and little change in youth body weight. We conclude that substitution of in-school for outside-of-school physical activity and small resultant net energy expenditures can explain the absence of body weight effects. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J Sabia
- Forrest D. McKerley Professor of Health Economics, Department of Economics and Department of Health Policy and Management, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
- IZA, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thanh Tam Nguyen
- Department of Economics, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Oren Rosenberg
- Department of Economics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
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11
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Mielgo-Ayuso J, Valtueña J, Huybrechts I, Breidenassel C, Cuenca-García M, De Henauw S, Stehle P, Kafatos A, Kersting M, Widhalm K, Manios Y, Azzini E, Molnar D, Moreno LA, González-Gross M. Fruit and vegetables consumption is associated with higher vitamin intake and blood vitamin status among European adolescents. Eur J Clin Nutr 2017; 71:458-467. [PMID: 28120854 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Current research in adults indicates that fruit and vegetable (FAV) consumption increases serum levels of vitamins C, E and folate of β-carotene and reduces homocysteine concentrations. The aim of the present study was to examine the association of FAV consumption on vitamin intakes and their impact on blood vitamin concentrations in European adolescents. SUBJECT/METHODS This multi-center cross-sectional study included 702 (53.7% females) adolescents, aged 12.50-17.49 years, from 10 European cities. Two independent self-administered 24 h dietary recalls were used to estimate the adolescent's diet. The total energy, vitamins and FAV consumption were calculated. Adolescents were categorized into three groups: (i) very low FAV intake (<200 g/day); (ii) low FAV consumption (200-399 g/day) and (iii) adequate FAV consumption (⩾400 g/day). Adolescent's fasted blood samples were taken for their analysis on vitamin concentrations. RESULTS The main results showed that those adolescents meeting the FAV recommendation, classified as FAV adequate consumers, presented higher intake of energy and some vitamins as B6, total folic acid, C, E and β-carotene compared with FAV very low consumers (P<0.05). Regarding their blood status, male adolescents who had a very low FAV consumption presented lower plasma folate, RBC folate blood concentrations compared with adequate FAV consumers (P<0.05). Female adequate FAV consumers had higher concentrations of pyridoxal phosphate (PLP), plasma folate, RBC folate, vitamin C, β-carotene and α-tocopherol compared with very low and low consumers (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Having a FAV dairy intake above 400 g/day is associated with higher vitamin intake and blood vitamin concentrations, especially for antioxidant and B-vitamins concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mielgo-Ayuso
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - J Valtueña
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - I Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon CEDEX, France
| | - C Breidenassel
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Cuenca-García
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, Granada University, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain
| | - S De Henauw
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - P Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - A Kafatos
- Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Unit, University of Crete, School of Medicine, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - M Kersting
- Research Institute of Child Nutrition Dortmund, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms Universitaät, Bonn, Germany
| | - K Widhalm
- Department of Pediatrics; Private Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Y Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - E Azzini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Rome 00178, Italy
| | - D Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pecs, Pecs, Hungary
| | - L A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research group, Universidad de Zaragoza, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón)
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - M González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Technical University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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12
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Haghani S, Shahnazi H, Hassanzadeh A. Effects of Tailored Health Education Program on Overweight Elementary School Students' Obesity-Related Lifestyle: A School-Based Interventional Study. Oman Med J 2017; 32:140-147. [PMID: 28439385 PMCID: PMC5397082 DOI: 10.5001/omj.2017.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Overweight and obesity are regarded as one of the most serious health and nutrition issues worldwide. This is immediately recognizable in both children and adolescents. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of tailored education on lifestyle modification in elementary school students in Isfahan. METHODS In a quasi-experimental study, two elementary schools in Isfahan District 3, Iran, were randomly selected to determine the intervention and comparison groups. Subsequently, 32 students from each school, 64 in total, were chosen arbitrarily and included in the study. They filled out the standardized questionnaire of physical activity and dietary behaviors before the intervention. Following one and four months' educational intervention, they were asked to complete the questionnaires once more. RESULTS The average general lifestyle score, one and four months after education, was significantly different between the groups (p < 0.001). However, this difference was not significant before the intervention
(p = 0.660). Furthermore, the average lifestyle scores related to nutrition and physical activity one and four months after education showed a significant difference between the groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Providing overweight elementary school students with education about a healthy lifestyle improves their general lifestyle and reduces weight. Therefore, it is recommended that such interventions are applied to prevent complications associated with being overweight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharareh Haghani
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hossein Shahnazi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Akbar Hassanzadeh
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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13
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Blundell JE, Baker JL, Boyland E, Blaak E, Charzewska J, de Henauw S, Frühbeck G, Gonzalez-Gross M, Hebebrand J, Holm L, Kriaucioniene V, Lissner L, Oppert JM, Schindler K, Silva AM, Woodward E. Variations in the Prevalence of Obesity Among European Countries, and a Consideration of Possible Causes. Obes Facts 2017; 10:25-37. [PMID: 28190010 PMCID: PMC5644946 DOI: 10.1159/000455952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last 10 years the prevalence of obesity across the European continent has in general been rising. With the exception of a few countries where a levelling-off can be perceived, albeit at a high level, this upward trend seems likely to continue. However, considerable country to country variation is noticeable, with the proportion of people with obesity varying by 10% or more. This variation is intriguing and suggests the existence of different profiles of risk or protection factors operating in different countries. The identification of such protection factors could indicate suitable targets for interventions to help manage the obesity epidemic in Europe. This report is the output of a 2-day workshop on the 'Diversity of Obesity in Europe'. The workshop included 14 delegates from 12 different European countries. This report contains the contributions and discussions of the materials and viewpoints provided by these 14 experts; it is not the output of a single mind. However, such is the nature of scientific analysis regarding obesity that it is possible that a different set of 14 experts may have come to a different set of conclusions. Therefore the report should not be seen as a definitive statement of a stable situation. Rather it is a focus for discussion and comment, and a vehicle to drive forward further understanding and management of obesity in Europe.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E. Blundell
- Institute of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Emma Boyland
- Psychological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ellen Blaak
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre (MUMC), Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Jadwiga Charzewska
- Department Nutritiona Epidemiology and DRI, National Food and Nutrition Institute, Warszawa, Poland
| | | | - Gema Frühbeck
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, Obesity Area, Department of Endocrinology & Nutrition, Clinica Univ. de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- Department of Health and Human Performance, Facultad de CC de la Actividad Física y del Deporte-INEF, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lotte Holm
- Department of Food and Resource Economics, Consumption, Bioethics and Governance, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Vilma Kriaucioniene
- Faculty of Public Health, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas Lithuania
| | - Lauren Lissner
- Section for Epidemiology and Social Medicine (EPSO), Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Karin Schindler
- Abteilung für Endokrinologie und Stoffwechsel, Klinik für Innere Medizin III, Wien, Austria
| | - Analiza Mónica Silva
- Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry of Exercise, Faculty of Human Kinetics, University of Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Diet misreporting can be corrected: confirmation of the association between energy intake and fat-free mass in adolescents. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:1425-1436. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516003317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractSubjective energy intake (sEI) is often misreported, providing unreliable estimates of energy consumed. Therefore, relating sEI data to health outcomes is difficult. Recently, Börnhorst et al. compared various methods to correct sEI-based energy intake estimates. They criticised approaches that categorise participants as under-reporters, plausible reporters and over-reporters based on the sEI:total energy expenditure (TEE) ratio, and thereafter use these categories as statistical covariates or exclusion criteria. Instead, they recommended using external predictors of sEI misreporting as statistical covariates. We sought to confirm and extend these findings. Using a sample of 190 adolescent boys (mean age=14), we demonstrated that dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-measured fat-free mass is strongly associated with objective energy intake data (onsite weighted breakfast), but the association with sEI (previous 3-d dietary interview) is weak. Comparing sEI with TEE revealed that sEI was mostly under-reported (74 %). Interestingly, statistically controlling for dietary reporting groups or restricting samples to plausible reporters created a stronger-than-expected association between fat-free mass and sEI. However, the association was an artifact caused by selection bias – that is, data re-sampling and simulations showed that these methods overestimated the effect size because fat-free mass was related to sEI both directly and indirectly via TEE. A more realistic association between sEI and fat-free mass was obtained when the model included common predictors of misreporting (e.g. BMI, restraint). To conclude, restricting sEI data only to plausible reporters can cause selection bias and inflated associations in later analyses. Therefore, we further support statistically correcting sEI data in nutritional analyses. The script for running simulations is provided.
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15
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Cameron JD, Sigal RJ, Kenny GP, Alberga AS, Prud'homme D, Phillips P, Doucette S, Goldfield G. Body composition and energy intake - skeletal muscle mass is the strongest predictor of food intake in obese adolescents: The HEARTY trial. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 41:611-7. [PMID: 27111402 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2015-0479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
There has been renewed interest in examining the relationship between specific components of energy expenditure and the overall influence on energy intake (EI). The purpose of this cross-sectional analysis was to determine the strongest metabolic and anthropometric predictors of EI. It was hypothesized that resting metabolic rate (RMR) and skeletal muscle mass would be the strongest predictors of EI in a sample of overweight and obese adolescents. 304 post-pubertal adolescents (91 boys, 213 girls) aged 16.1 (±1.4) years with body mass index at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex OR at or above the 85th percentile plus an additional diabetes risk factor were measured for body weight, RMR (kcal/day) by indirect calorimetry, body composition by magnetic resonance imaging (fat free mass (FFM), skeletal muscle mass, fat mass (FM), and percentage body fat), and EI (kcal/day) using 3 day food records. Body weight, RMR, FFM, skeletal muscle mass, and FM were all significantly correlated with EI (p < 0.005). After adjusting the model for age, sex, height, and physical activity, only FFM (β = 21.9, p = 0.007) and skeletal muscle mass (β = 25.8, p = 0.02) remained as significant predictors of EI. FFM and skeletal muscle mass also predicted dietary protein and fat intake (p < 0.05), but not carbohydrate intake. In conclusion, with skeletal muscle mass being the best predictor of EI, our results support the hypothesis that the magnitude of the body's lean tissue is related to absolute levels of EI in a sample of inactive adolescents with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameason D Cameron
- a Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,b University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Ronald J Sigal
- b University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,c University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.,d Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Glen P Kenny
- b University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,d Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Denis Prud'homme
- b University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,e Institut de recherche de l'Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Penny Phillips
- d Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Gary Goldfield
- a Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,b University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada.,g Healthy Active Living & Obesity (HALO) Research Group, CHEO Research Institute, 401 Smyth Rd., Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
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16
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Katzmarzyk PT, Barreira TV, Broyles ST, Champagne CM, Chaput JP, Fogelholm M, Hu G, Johnson WD, Kuriyan R, Kurpad A, Lambert EV, Maher C, Maia J, Matsudo V, Olds T, Onywera V, Sarmiento OL, Standage M, Tremblay MS, Tudor-Locke C, Zhao P, Church TS. Relationship between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in children ages 9-11: Results from a 12-country study. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1696-702. [PMID: 26173093 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim was to assess associations between lifestyle behaviors and obesity in a multinational study of children from 12 countries representing a wide range of human development. METHODS The sample included 6,025 children 9-11 years of age. Behavioral risk factors included nocturnal sleep duration, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), television viewing (TV time), and healthy and unhealthy diet pattern scores. Multilevel analyses were used to obtain odds ratios for obesity expressed per standard deviation of each behavioral risk factor. RESULTS The odds ratios (95% confidence intervals) for obesity from multilevel, multivariable models were 0.79 (0.71-0.90) for nocturnal sleep duration, 0.52 (0.45-0.60) for MVPA, 1.15 (1.05-1.27) for TV time, 1.08 (0.96-1.20) for healthy diet score, and 0.93 (0.83-1.04) for unhealthy diet score in boys and 0.71 (0.63-0.80) for nocturnal sleep duration, 0.43 (0.35-0.53) for MVPA, 1.07 (0.96-1.19) for TV time, 1.05 (0.93-1.19) for healthy diet score, and 0.96 (0.82-1.11) for unhealthy diet score in girls. CONCLUSIONS Behavioral risk factors are important correlates of obesity in children, particularly low MVPA, short sleep duration, and high TV viewing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tiago V Barreira
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Gang Hu
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Estelle V Lambert
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Carol Maher
- School of Health Sciences/Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jose Maia
- CIFI2D, Faculdade De Desporto, University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Victor Matsudo
- Centro De Estudos Do Laboratório De Aptidão Física De São Caetano Do Sul, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Timothy Olds
- School of Health Sciences/Sansom Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Mark S Tremblay
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | - Pei Zhao
- Tianjin Women's and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Timothy S Church
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Moschonis G, Tsoutsoulopoulou K, Efstathopoulou E, Tsirigoti L, Lambrinou CP, Georgiou A, Filippou C, Lidoriki I, Reppas K, Androutsos O, Lionis C, Chrousos GP, Manios Y. Conceptual framework of a simplified multi-dimensional model presenting the environmental and personal determinants of cardiometabolic risk behaviors in childhood. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015; 13:673-92. [PMID: 25926102 DOI: 10.1586/14779072.2015.1039992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) may be set early in childhood due to unfavorable behaviors or lifestyle patterns related to diet and physical activity. Several factors may determine the adoption of such lifestyle-related behaviors, which researchers have tried to cluster under certain frameworks or models. In this context, the framework developed and proposed by this review gathers all the present knowledge regarding these determining factors to date and groups them into three main categories related to personal characteristics and the social and physical environment. Based on the proposed framework, a large variety of personal, social and physical environmental factors can positively or negatively influence CMR-related behaviors (either directly or indirectly via their interrelations), thus leading to decreased or increased risk, respectively. This framework could be of great value to public health policy makers and legislators for designing and implementing interventional programs tailored to the needs of susceptible population groups who are most in need for such initiatives. Targeting the correlates as potential determinants of CMR-related behaviors, and not just on the behaviors themselves, has been shown previously to be the most effective approach for tackling health issues related to CMR starting from early life stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 70, El. Venizelou ave. 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece
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18
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Marwaha RK, Garg MK, Tandon N, Mahalle N. Comparison of body composition between professional sportswomen and apparently healthy age- and sex-matched controls. Indian J Endocrinol Metab 2015; 19:288-291. [PMID: 25729694 PMCID: PMC4319272 DOI: 10.4103/2230-8210.149323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In view of the relationship between physical activity and nutrition on body composition, we assessed lean and fat mass and BMC (total and regional) in professional Indian sportswomen and compared it with apparently healthy age- and sex-matched females. MATERIALS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study included 104 sportswomen and an equal number of age-matched normal healthy females (controls). They were evaluated for anthropometry and body composition (fat, lean mass, and bone mineral content (BMC) by DXA. RESULTS Mean age (19.1 ± 1.3 vs. 19.4 ± 1.5 years) and body mass index (21.34 ± 3.02 vs. 21.26 ± 4.05 kg/m(2)) were comparable in both groups. Sportswomen had higher intake of energy, macronutrients, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium. Total lean mass (33.67 ± 3.49 vs. 31.14 ± 3.52 kg, P < 0.0001), appendicular skeletal muscle index (5.84 ± 0.57 vs. 5.46 ± 0.63 kg/m(2); P < 0.0001) and BMC (2.27 ± 0.32 vs. 2.13 ± 0.34 kg, P < 0.002) was significantly higher and percentage fat mass was significantly lower (33.1 ± 7.5 vs. 37.0 ± 8.3; P < 0.0001) among sportswomen when compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Indian sportswomen have a higher total and regional lean mass, BMC, and lower percentage fat mass when compared with healthy females. Physical activity, energy, protein and calcium intake were positively associated with lean mass and BMC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. K. Garg
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Command Hospital (Southern Command), Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nikhil Tandon
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Namita Mahalle
- Department of Pathology, Biochemistry Division, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital and Research Center, Erandawane, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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19
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Martínez-Vizcaino V, Mota J, Solera-Martínez M, Notario-Pacheco B, Arias-Palencia N, García-Prieto JC, González-García A, Álvarez-Bueno C, Sánchez-López M. Rationale and methods of a randomised cross-over cluster trial to assess the effectiveness of MOVI-KIDS on preventing obesity in pre-schoolers. BMC Public Health 2015; 15:176. [PMID: 25884885 PMCID: PMC4350633 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-015-1512-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood obesity has become an alarming worldwide increasing public health problem. The earlier adiposity rebound occurs, the greater the risk of becoming obese during puberty and adolescence. It has been speculated about the potential influence of vigorous physical activity on modifying the age of onset of adiposity rebound. Moreover, studies aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of physical activity interventions programs on reducing adiposity and other cardiovascular risk factors in children younger than 6 years are scarce. This paper describes the rationale and methods of a study aimed to test the effectiveness of a two-years multidimensional pre-school intervention on preventing obesity and improving physical fitness during the adiposity rebound period. METHODS/DESIGN Twenty-one schools from the provinces of Cuenca and Ciudad Real, Spain, were randomised to an intervention and a control arm. In the first academic year, children in third grade of pre-school and first grade of primary school in the intervention group received the physical activity intervention (MOVI-KIDS). After an academic year schools were crossed over to the alternative arm. According to the socio-ecological model, the intervention included children, their parents and teachers, and the school environment where MOVI-KIDS was conducted. MOVI-KIDS consisted of: i) three-h/week sessions of recreational non-competitive physical activity in after-school time; ii) educational materials to parents and teachers about physical activity benefits and sedentary lifestyle risks; and iii) modifications in the playground to promote physical activity during recess. Baseline and post-intervention outcomes are going to be measured in both arms three times, at the beginning and at the end of first academic year, and at the end of the second academic year. Primary outcomes included body mass index, waist circumference, triceps skinfold thickness, percentage of both body fat and fat-free mass, and blood pressure. Secondary end points were physical activity, fitness, and carotid intima-media thickness. DISCUSSION This paper reports the design of a randomised cross-over cluster trial aimed at assessing the effectiveness of the multidimensional physical activity intervention (MOVI-KIDS) during two years in pre-school children. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical trials.gov: NCT01971840 . (Date of registration: Initial Release: 10/07/2013; Record Verification: 23/10/2013).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Martínez-Vizcaino
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano, C/ Teresa Jornet s/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Jorge Mota
- Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Montserrat Solera-Martínez
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano, C/ Teresa Jornet s/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Blanca Notario-Pacheco
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano, C/ Teresa Jornet s/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Natalia Arias-Palencia
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano, C/ Teresa Jornet s/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Jorge Cañete García-Prieto
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano, C/ Teresa Jornet s/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Alberto González-García
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano, C/ Teresa Jornet s/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Celia Álvarez-Bueno
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano, C/ Teresa Jornet s/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
| | - Mairena Sánchez-López
- Health and Social Research Centre, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Edificio Melchor Cano, C/ Teresa Jornet s/n 16071, Cuenca, Spain.
- Facultad of Education, Universidad of Castilla-La Mancha, Ciudad Real, Spain.
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20
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Moreno LA, Gottrand F, Huybrechts I, Ruiz JR, González-Gross M, DeHenauw S. Nutrition and lifestyle in european adolescents: the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. Adv Nutr 2014; 5:615S-623S. [PMID: 25469407 PMCID: PMC4188245 DOI: 10.3945/an.113.005678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescence is a critical period, because major physical and psychologic changes occur during a very short period of time. Changes in dietary habits may induce different types of nutritional disorders and are likely to track into adulthood. The aim of this review is to describe the key findings related to nutritional status in European adolescents participating in the HELENA (Healthy Lifestyle in Europe by Nutrition in Adolescence) study. We performed a cross-sectional study in 3528 (1845 females) adolescents aged 12.5–17.5 y. Birth weight was negatively associated with abdominal fat mass in adolescents and serum leptin concentrations (in female adolescents), providing additional evidence for a programming effect of birth weight on energy homeostasis control. Breakfast consumption was associated with lower body fat content and healthier cardiovascular profile. Adolescents eat half of the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables and less than two-thirds of the recommended amount of milk and milk products but consume more meat and meat products, fats, and sweets than recommended. For beverage consumption, sugar-sweetened beverages, sweetened milk, low-fat milk, and fruit juice provided the highest amount of energy. Although the intakes of saturated fatty acids (FAs) and salt were high, the intake of polyunsaturated FAs was low. Adolescents spent, on average, 9 h/d of their waking time (66–71% and 70–73% of the registered time in boys and girls, respectively) in sedentary activities. Factors associated with adolescents’ sedentary behavior included the following: 1) age; 2) media availability in the bedroom; 3) sleeping time; 4) breakfast consumption; and 5) season. Sedentary time was also associated with cardiovascular risk factors and bone mineral content. In European adolescents, deficient concentrations were identified for plasma folate (15%), vitamin D (15%), pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (5%), β-carotene (25%), and vitamin E (5%). Scientists and public health authorities should raise awareness of the importance of a healthy and sustainable lifestyle as a foundation of the health of the European population, now and in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development)
Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza,
Spain
| | - Frédéric Gottrand
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Jeanne
de Flandre University Hospital, Lille, France
| | - Inge Huybrechts
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary
Exposure Assessment Group, Lyon, France
| | - Jonatan R. Ruiz
- PROFITH (Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical
Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of
Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; and
| | - Marcela González-Gross
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human
Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of
Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - on behalf of the HELENA Study Group
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition, and Development)
Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza,
Spain
- National Institute of Health and Medical Research, Jeanne
de Flandre University Hospital, Lille, France
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, Ghent,
Belgium
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Dietary
Exposure Assessment Group, Lyon, France
- PROFITH (Promoting Fitness and Health through Physical
Activity) Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of
Sport Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain; and
- ImFINE Research Group, Department of Health and Human
Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, Technical University of
Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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21
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Physical Activity and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in Youths: A 2013 Update. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s12170-014-0374-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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