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Negri-Schwartz O, Lavidor M, Shilton T, Gothelf D, Hasson-Ohayon I. Post-traumatic growth correlates among parents of children with chronic illnesses: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Rev 2024; 109:102409. [PMID: 38422715 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2024.102409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Parenting a child with a chronic illness presents a complex journey marked by various challenges, along with possible personal growth following these challenges. In this systematic review we present three meta-analyses, in order to examine the associations of post-traumatic growth (PTG) among parents of children with diverse chronic illnesses, and psychological distress, social support, and resilience. Analyzing 34 studies encompassing a total of 5328 parents, the results reveal several key findings. First, PTG was found to be prevalent among the parents. Second, there was no significant correlation between PTG and psychological distress, suggesting that these two processes may exist independently. Third, a positive correlation was observed between PTG and both social support and resilience-related factors, underscoring the role of these factors in fostering growth among parents of children with chronic illnesses. Additionally, illness type emerged as a moderator, affecting the strength of the above-mentioned correlations with PTG. Specifically, in the case of psychiatric illnesses, correlations of PTG with social support and resilience were stronger than in the context of other illnesses. Overall, this review emphasizes the significance of recognizing and addressing PTG correlates among parents of children with chronic illnesses, offering insights for clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Michal Lavidor
- Psychology Department, Bar-Ilan University, Israel; Gonda Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University, Israel
| | - Tal Shilton
- Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Doron Gothelf
- Child Psychiatry Division, Edmond and Lily Safra Children's Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Ramat Gan, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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He M, Shi B, Zheng Q, Gong C, Huang H. Posttraumatic Growth and its Correlates Among Parents of Children With Cleft Lip and/or Palate. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2024; 61:110-118. [PMID: 35918807 DOI: 10.1177/10556656221118425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the posttraumatic growth (PTG) about parents of children with cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) and the correlates of PTG. A cross-sectional study. Parents (N = 388) of children with isolated CL/P (ages 3 months-18 years) who had at least one cleft surgery within an oral and maxillofacial surgery department of a university-affiliated tertiary hospital in a provincial capital in southwest China. Demographic information questionnaire, The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire, and Social Support Rating Scale were used for data collection. Parents' mean PTG score was in the moderate range (M = 65.7, SD = 13.73). PTG differed regarding the participants' sex, ethnicity, and educational background. Pearson's correlation analysis revealed that positive coping (r = 0.43, P < .01), negative coping (r = 0.13, P < .01), and social support (r = 0.26, P < .01) were positively correlated with PTG. Multiple regression model showed that 20.6% (P < .001) of the variance in PTG was explained by higher positive coping (β = 0.35, P < .001), greater social support (β = 0.13, P = .01), and for cleft lip compared to cleft palate (β = -0.14, P ≤ .01), with no variance difference for cleft lip and palate. Parents of children with CL/P had moderate PTG. Potentially modifiable correlates of PTG suggest interventions to enhance parental positive coping and social support may increase PTG. Further studies are needed to confirm the PTG level and its affecting factors of parents of children with CL/P.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao He
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Caixia Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hanyao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Oral Maxillofacial Surgery, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Bayrami N, Rassouli M, Shirinabadi Farahani A, Heidarzadeh M, Khademi F, Tajlli S, Babaie M, Masoum Poor A, Hatamipour K. Validation of post-traumatic growth inventory in mothers with the experience of having the NICU-Hospitalized newborns "validation of post-traumatic growth inventory". Nurs Open 2023. [PMID: 37147889 PMCID: PMC10333864 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.1779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Investigating post-traumatic growth (PTG) in mothers with the experience of having a preterm newborn hospitalized in the NICU requires a valid tool. This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the Farsi version of the post-traumatic growth inventory (PTGI) in mothers with the experience of having their newborns hospitalized in the NICU. DESIGN This study was methodological research. METHODS In this study, 250 mothers who had newborns with a history of NICU hospitalization during the last 3 to 12 months and had visited paediatric clinics of the selected hospitals in Tehran with the aim of having their children's condition examined were selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using a demographic information questionnaire and PTGI. The face validity, the construct validity (confirmatory factor analysis), and the internal consistency reliability of the inventory were measured using SPSS V22 and LISREL V8.8. RESULTS According to appropriate values for factor analysis fit indices (FI = 0.94, RMSEA = 0.07, IFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.93, RFI = 0.91, NNFI = 0.93, SRMR = 0.07), 21 items and 5 factors were confirmed for this inventory. Furthermore, Cronbach's alpha coefficient of this inventory was measured as α = 0.94. CONCLUSION According to favourable psychometric properties, the Farsi version of PTGI is a suitable tool for studying PTG in mothers with the experience of having preterm newborns in the NICU. Using PTGI can help nurses in planning family-centered care interventions to reduce the impact of the mental trauma caused by the preterm newborn's hospitalization in parents. PATIENT OR PUBLIC CONTRIBUTION Mothers who had newborns with a history of NICU hospitalization during the last 3-12 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Bayrami
- Department of Pediatrics and Neonatal Intensive Care, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Rassouli
- Cancer Research Center, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azam Shirinabadi Farahani
- Department of Pediatric & Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Heidarzadeh
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khademi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Salehe Tajlli
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohadese Babaie
- Cancer Research Center, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Anahita Masoum Poor
- Department of Pediatric & Neonatal Intensive Care Nursing, School of Nursing & Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Hatamipour
- Department of Nursing, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
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O'Toole S, Suarez C, Adair P, McAleese A, Willis S, McCormack D. A Systematic Review of the Factors Associated with Post-Traumatic Growth in Parents Following Admission of Their Child to the Intensive Care Unit. J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2022; 29:509-537. [PMID: 35526209 PMCID: PMC9399044 DOI: 10.1007/s10880-022-09880-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
This systematic review aims to identify the demographic, clinical and psychological factors associated with post-traumatic growth (PTG) in parents following their child's admission to the intensive care unit (ICU). Papers published up to September 2021 were identified following a search of electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, PsycINFO, CINAHL, PTSDpubs and EMBASE). Studies were included if they involved a sample of parents whose children were previously admitted to ICU and reported correlational data. 1777 papers were reviewed. Fourteen studies were eligible for inclusion; four were deemed to be of good methodological quality, two were poor, and the remaining eight studies were fair. Factors associated with PTG were identified. Mothers, and parents of older children, experienced greater PTG. Parents who perceived their child's illness as more severe had greater PTG. Strong associations were uncovered between PTG and post-traumatic stress, psychological well-being and coping. PTG is commonly experienced by this population. Psychological factors are more commonly associated with PTG in comparison with demographic and clinical factors, suggesting that parents' subjective ICU experience may be greater associated with PTG than the objective reality.
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Affiliation(s)
- S O'Toole
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK.
| | - C Suarez
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - P Adair
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
| | - A McAleese
- Clinical Psychology Department, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - S Willis
- Clinical Psychology Department, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children, Belfast, UK
| | - D McCormack
- School of Psychology, Queen's University Belfast, David Keir Building, 18-30 Malone Road, Belfast, BT9 5BN, UK
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Perceived Stress, Social Support, Emotional Intelligence, and Post-Stress Growth among Chinese Left-Behind Children: A Moderated Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031851. [PMID: 35162873 PMCID: PMC8834669 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Background: Several previous studies have revealed a negative impact of perceived stress on post-stress growth. Nevertheless, the potential mediating and moderating mechanisms are unclear, particularly for left-behind children in China. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the negative relationship between perceived stress and post-stress growth, the mediating effect of social support, as well as the moderating effect of emotional intelligence in a sample of Chinese left-behind children. Methods: A sample of 837 Chinese students in elementary and middle school was collected for this study. The Perceived Stress Scale, the Social Support Scale, the Emotional Intelligence Scale, and the Post-Stress Growth Scale were employed to examine them. The data were analyzed using SPSS 25.0 software. Results: The results indicate a significant negative association between perceived stress and post-stress growth. Among perceived stress and social support, the former acted as a mediator, while the latter as a moderator. This study sheds light on the post-stress growth of Chinese left-behind children. The findings validated a model of moderated mediation that shows the relationship between perceived stress, emotional intelligence, social support, and post-stress growth. Conclusion: This study confirmed that social support is one of the most important factors among left-behind children, from perceived stress to post-stress growth. Furthermore, the study reveals that emotional intelligence can adjust the relationship between perceived stress and social support to post-stress growth. Therefore, for both family education and school education, the result provides a new direction.
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Golfenshtein N, Lisanti AJ, Cui N, Cooper BM. Predictors of Post-traumatic stress symptomology in parents of infants with Congenital Heart Disease post-surgery and after four months. J Pediatr Nurs 2022; 62:17-22. [PMID: 34839196 PMCID: PMC8942906 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2021.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To identify predictors of post-traumatic stress symptomology among parents of infants with complex congenital heart defects at hospital discharge and after 4 months. DESIGN & METHODS A secondary analysis utilizing data from a larger RCT performed in three pediatric cardiac centers in North America. Analysis included 158 parent-infant dyads. Generalized Linear Modeling was used to identify predictors of parental post-traumatic symptomology at hospital discharge, and after 4 months. Considered predictors included demographics/SES, illness, and psychosocial parameters. RESULTS At discharge, parenting stress, education, and infant's medication number were linked to post-traumatic stress symptomology severity; Parenting stress, education, insurance type, and medications number predicted number of symptoms; Tube-assisted feeding predicted PTSD. At 4 months, parenting stress, ethnicity, and number of ED visits predicted PTSS severity; Parenting stress, ethnicity, and cardiologist visits predicted number of symptoms; Parenting stress, single ventricle physiology, and number of children predicted PTSD. CONCLUSIONS & PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Parental psychosocial factors, additionally to illness and sociodemographic indicators, can potentially risk parents to experience PTSS/PTSD. Nursing and other healthcare professionals can participate in early screening of such factors to determine familial risk. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01941667.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadya Golfenshtein
- University of Haifa, Department of Nursing, Israel; School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Amy Jo Lisanti
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
| | - Naixue Cui
- School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Shandong University, China
| | - Barbara Medoff Cooper
- School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, USA; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA
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Yagiela LM, Edgar CM, Harper FWK, Meert KL. Parent post-traumatic growth after a child's critical illness. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:989053. [PMID: 36245746 PMCID: PMC9557288 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.989053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Post-traumatic growth is the experience of a positive change after a traumatic event. Our objective is to characterize the factors associated with post-traumatic growth in parents after a child's pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional survey study examining post-traumatic growth and select independent variables in parents 1 year after a child's ≥72 h PICU admission for an acute illness or injury. The study was completed in parents of children discharge alive from a tertiary care PICU from January 1, 2017 to December 31, 2017. A mixed-effects linear regression model was built to evaluate the association of post-traumatic stress, anxiety, depression, resiliency, family function, and child function with post-traumatic growth. RESULTS Eighty-two parents of 52 children discharged alive in 2017 completed the survey. Fifty-two percent were ≥35 years and 64.3% were mothers. Median age of their children was 2.8 years (IQR 0.5-11.3) with a median hospital stay of 12 Days (IQR 6-20). Moderate-to-high levels of post-traumatic growth occurred in 67.1% of parents. Increased hospital length of stay (β Coeff 0.85; p = 0.004, 95% CI 0.27, 1.43) and parent post-traumatic stress symptoms (β Coeff 1.04; p = 0.006, 95% CI 0.29, 1.78) were associated with increased post-traumatic growth, and increased parent depression symptoms (β Coeff -1.96; p = 0.015; 95% CI -3.54, -0.38) with decreased post-traumatic growth. CONCLUSION Longer child hospital stays and increased parent post-traumatic stress symptoms were associated with increased post-traumatic growth, while increased depression was associated with less post-traumatic growth. The impact of future PICU parent psychosocial interventions on parents may be best assessed using a dual outcome focused on both reducing negative mental health symptoms while concurrently promoting skills to facilitate parent adaptation and post-traumatic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Yagiela
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
| | - Camera M Edgar
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Felicity W K Harper
- Department of Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Kathleen L Meert
- Division of Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit, MI, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI, United States
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Byra S, Zubrzycka R, Wójtowicz P. Sense of Stress and Posttraumatic Growth in Mothers of Children with Cystic Fibrosis-The Moderating Role of Resilience. J Dev Behav Pediatr 2021; 42:e8-e14. [PMID: 34334723 DOI: 10.1097/dbp.0000000000000967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the moderating role of resilience in the relationship between sense of stress and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in mothers of children with cystic fibrosis (CF). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted in a group of 139 mothers of children with CF. A diagnostic survey with Polish versions of the inventories was used. RESULTS Over half of the mothers (52.89%) reported average and 26.11% high levels of general sense of stress. Mothers also experienced high (37.68%) and average (34.06%) PTG. Generally, mothers of children with CF manifested low general resilience. Sense of stress and PTG were significantly and positively correlated in this group of mothers. Positive correlations were revealed between resilience (total and individual dimensions), total PTG, and 1 dimension of PTG: changes in self-perception. Moreover, resilience was found to correlate with sense of stress. The obtained results indicate that resilience manifested as an optimistic life attitude and the ability to mobilize in difficult situations, and tolerance of failures and treating life as a challenge is a moderator in the relationship between sense of stress and PTG. CONCLUSION The relationship between sense of stress and PTG in mothers of children with CF depends on the level of resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stanisława Byra
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Pedagogy, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Renata Zubrzycka
- Faculty of Education and Psychology, Institute of Pedagogy, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
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Golfenshtein N, Hanlon AL, Lozano AJ, Srulovici E, Lisanti AJ, Cui N, Medoff-Cooper B. Parental Post-traumatic Stress and Healthcare Use in Infants with Complex Cardiac Defects. J Pediatr 2021; 238:241-248. [PMID: 34216630 PMCID: PMC8551052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2021.06.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the associations between post-traumatic stress of parents of infants with complex congenital heart defects and their healthcare use for their infants during the early months of life. STUDY DESIGN The current study is a secondary data analysis from a randomized controlled trial in which 216 parent-infant dyads were recruited from 3 cardiac intensive care units of large pediatric centers in Northeastern America. The current sample included 153 dyads with post-traumatic stress data at hospital discharge and at 4-months' follow-up. Poisson regressions were used to estimate the effect of post-traumatic stress change scores on number of emergency department (ED) visits, unscheduled cardiologist visits, and unscheduled pediatrician visits outcomes. RESULTS Infants whose parents gained post-traumatic stress disorder over the study period were at increased risk for ED visits and unscheduled cardiologist visits. Increased symptom severity predicted more unscheduled cardiologist visits and more unscheduled pediatrician visits. Increased symptom clusters (avoidance, arousal, re-experiencing) predicted more ED visits, more unscheduled cardiologist visits, and more unscheduled pediatrician visits. CONCLUSIONS Parents of infants with cardiac conditions may experience post-traumatic stress following cardiac surgery, which can be linked to greater healthcare use. Findings highlight the importance of screening and treating post-traumatic stress to preserve parental mental health and prevent adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra L Hanlon
- Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
| | - Alicia J Lozano
- Center for Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Virginia Tech, Roanoke, VA
| | | | - Amy J Lisanti
- Center for Pediatric Nursing Research & Evidence-Based Practice, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Naixue Cui
- School of Nursing & Rehabilitation, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
| | - Barbara Medoff-Cooper
- University of Pennsylvania, School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA; Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
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Sood E, Lisanti AJ, Woolf-King SE, Wray J, Kasparian N, Jackson E, Gregory MR, Lopez KN, Marino BS, Neely T, Randall A, Zyblewski SC, Brosig CL. Parent mental health and family functioning following diagnosis of CHD: a research agenda and recommendations from the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative. Cardiol Young 2021; 31:900-914. [PMID: 34082841 PMCID: PMC8759239 DOI: 10.1017/s1047951121002134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of CHD substantially affects parent mental health and family functioning, thereby influencing child neurodevelopmental and psychosocial outcomes. Recognition of the need to proactively support parent mental health and family functioning following cardiac diagnosis to promote psychosocial adaptation has increased substantially over recent years. However, significant gaps in knowledge remain and families continue to report critical unmet psychosocial needs. The Parent Mental Health and Family Functioning Working Group of the Cardiac Neurodevelopmental Outcome Collaborative was formed in 2018 through support from an R13 grant from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute to identify significant knowledge gaps related to parent mental health and family functioning, as well as critical questions that must be answered to further knowledge, policy, care, and outcomes. Conceptually driven investigations are needed to identify parent mental health and family functioning factors with the strongest influence on child outcomes, to obtain a deeper understanding of the biomarkers associated with these factors, and to better understand how parent mental health and family functioning influence child outcomes over time. Investigations are also needed to develop, test, and implement sustainable models of mental health screening and assessment, as well as effective interventions to optimise parent mental health and family functioning to promote psychosocial adaptation. The critical questions and investigations outlined in this paper provide a roadmap for future research to close gaps in knowledge, improve care, and promote positive outcomes for families of children with CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Sood
- Nemours Cardiac Center & Nemours Center for Healthcare Delivery Science, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Amy Jo Lisanti
- Department of Nursing and Clinical Care Services, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Jo Wray
- Centre for Outcomes and Experience Research in Children’s Health, Illness and Disability and NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Nadine Kasparian
- Cincinnati Children’s Center for Heart Disease and Mental Health, Heart Institute and the Division of Behavioral Medicine & Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
- Heart Centre for Children, The Sydney Children’s Hospitals Network, Sydney, Australia
| | - Emily Jackson
- Department of Patient and Family Services, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
| | - Mary R. Gregory
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Health Professions, Missouri Western State University, Saint Joseph, Missouri, USA
- Department of Developmental Medicine/Behavior Sciences, Children’s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Keila N. Lopez
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Bradley S. Marino
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Cleveland Clinic Children’s Hospital, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Trent Neely
- Sisters by Heart/Brothers by Heart, El Segundo, California, USA
| | - Amy Randall
- Mended Little Hearts of Wisconsin, Mended Hearts/Mended Little Hearts, Albany, Georgia, USA
| | - Sinai C. Zyblewski
- Department of Pediatrics, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Cheryl L. Brosig
- Herma Heart Institute, Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
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Camitan DS, Bajin LN. The Importance of Well-Being on Resiliency of Filipino Adults During the COVID-19 Enhanced Community Quarantine: A Necessary Condition Analysis. Front Psychol 2021; 12:558930. [PMID: 33828498 PMCID: PMC8019777 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.558930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nation-wide community quarantines and social distancing are part of the new normal because of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Since extensive and prolonged lockdowns are relatively novel experiences, not much is known about the well-being of individuals in such extreme situations. This research effort investigated the relationship between well-being elements and resiliency of 533 Filipino adults who were placed under the nationwide enhanced community quarantine (ECQ) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants comprised of 376 females (70.56%) and 157 males (29.45%). The median and mode ages of the participants is 23 years, while 25 is the mean age. PERMA Profiler was used to measure participants’ well-being elements, while Connor-Davidson Resiliency Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10) was used to measure their resiliency. Collected data were analyzed using the regression model and necessary condition analysis. This study corroborated that all the five pillars of well-being are significant positive correlates of resiliency (p < 0.00) in quarantined adults. The results shown accomplishment (β = 0.447, p < 0.01) positively predicts resiliency, while negative emotions (β = −0.171, p < 0.00) negatively predict resiliency. Lastly, the five pillars of well-being are necessary-but-not-sufficient conditions (ceiling envelopment with free disposal hull, CE-FDH p < 0.00) of resiliency. Our results cast a new light on well-being elements as constraints rather than enablers of resiliency. This novel result shows that optimum resiliency is only possible when all the five pillars of well-being are taken care of and when a person is at least minimally contented with their physical health. The present findings underscore the importance of a holistic as against an atomistic approach to maintaining good mental health, which suggests that deficiencies in certain areas of well-being may not be fully addressed by overcompensating on other areas, as all five pillars of well-being are necessary-but-not-sufficient conditions of resiliency. The study ends with the recommendation for the use of necessary condition analysis to study both classical and novel psychological research problems.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lalaine N Bajin
- Psycli-Nik Psychological Assessment and Intervention Services, Zamboanga City, Philippines
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van Dalen M, Leemreis WH, Kraaij V, De Laat PCJ, Pasmans SGMA, Versnel SL, Koudstaal MJ, Hillegers MHJ, Utens EMWJ, Okkerse JME. Parenting Children With a Cleft Lip With or Without Palate or a Visible Infantile Hemangioma: A Cross-Sectional Study of Distress and Parenting Stress. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 58:1536-1546. [PMID: 33583213 PMCID: PMC8586175 DOI: 10.1177/1055665621993298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Parents of children with a medical condition and a visible difference can experience challenging situations. We evaluated distress and parenting stress in parents of children with a cleft lip with or without cleft palate (CL±P) or a visible infantile hemangioma (IH). Setting: This cross-sectional study took place in an academic medical hospital in Rotterdam, the Netherlands. Participants: Three-hundred nine parents (mean age = 40.30, 56.00% mothers) of children with CL±P and 91 parents (mean age = 36.40, 58.24% mothers) of children with IH. Main Outcome Measures: The Dutch version of the Parenting Stress Index – Short Form and the subscales Anxiety, Depression, and Hostility of the Symptom Checklist – 90. Results: One sample t tests and mixed linear modeling were used. On average, parents of children with CL±P and of children with IH showed significantly lower parenting stress compared to normative data. Anxiety was significantly lower in parents of children with CL±P than that in the norm group. Visibility of the condition was not related to distress or parenting stress. Child behavioral problems were positively related to parenting stress, depression, and hostility. Conclusions: Parents of children with CL±P and IH report less distress and parenting stress compared to the norm. On average, these parents seem well adjusted. A practical implication is to monitor parents of children with behavioral problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- M van Dalen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W H Leemreis
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - V Kraaij
- Department of Clinical Psychology, 4496Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - P C J De Laat
- Department of Pediatrics, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S G M A Pasmans
- Department of Dermatology, Centre of Pediatric Dermatology, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - S L Versnel
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Hand Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M J Koudstaal
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Dutch Craniofacial Centre, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M H J Hillegers
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E M W J Utens
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Research Institute of Child Development and Education, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Academic Center for Child Psychiatry Levvel, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - J M E Okkerse
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, 97759Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Schubert CF, Schmidt U, Comtesse H, Gall-Kleebach D, Rosner R. Posttraumatic growth during cognitive behavioural therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder: Relationship to symptom change and introduction of significant other assessment. Stress Health 2019; 35:617-625. [PMID: 31430027 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Posttraumatic growth (PTG) may play a role in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as it is supposed to have either beneficial or dysfunctional effects on treatment-related PTS symptom (PTSS) changes. This study examined whether cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for PTSD patients can foster PTG assessed by self-reports and reports from significant others. Forty-eight PTSD patients participating in trauma-focused CBT were assessed twice: at the beginning of therapy (T1) and after 3 months of therapy (T2, N = 34). We used the Clinician Administered PTSD Scale and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and constructed a significant other version of the PTGI (PTGI-SOA). The PTSS severity declined during the course of treatment, whereas PTG levels remained stable. Both the PTGI and PTGI-SOA were associated with higher PTSS reduction at T2. The results suggest that PTG is associated with greater improvement in PTSS during trauma-focused CBT, even though treatment could not directly enhance PTG. Significant other assessments seem to be a promising approach to improve PTG measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine F Schubert
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany.,RG Molecular Psychotraumatology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychotrauma Treatment Unit & RG Stress Modulation of Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,RG Molecular Psychotraumatology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Care, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Hannah Comtesse
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
| | - Dominique Gall-Kleebach
- RG Molecular Psychotraumatology, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.,Ausbildungsinstitut Muenchen gGmbH, Verein zur Foerderung der Klinischen Verhaltenstherapie (VFKV), Muenchen, Germany
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt, Eichstaett, Germany
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Gallagher MW, Long LJ, Phillips CA. Hope, optimism, self‐efficacy, and posttraumatic stress disorder: A meta‐analytic review of the protective effects of positive expectancies. J Clin Psychol 2019; 76:329-355. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
| | - Laura J. Long
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
| | - Colleen A. Phillips
- Department of Psychology, Texas Institute for Measurement, Evaluation, and StatisticsUniversity of HoustonHouston Texas
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15
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Li Y, Bai H, Lou F, Cao F. A conceptual model of posttraumatic growth of nursing students with a disabled parent. Int J Nurs Sci 2019; 6:406-413. [PMID: 31728393 PMCID: PMC6838924 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijnss.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To examine a conceptual model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) with the inclusion of family resilience as a mediator, and social support, individual resilience, maternal care, and family members’ intimacy after trauma as protective factors. Methods A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was carried out in a sample of 134 college nursing students who had a parent with a non-congenital disability. The Socio-demographic Information Questionnaire, the Chinese version of Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS), 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC10), Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), Family Resilience Assessment Scale (FRAS) and the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) were used to collect data. Results Results showed that social support, individual resilience, maternal care, and family members’ intimacy after trauma positively predicted family resilience (β = 0.41, 0.20, 0.20, 0.22, all P<0.01), respectively, and indirectly predicted PTG through family resilience. Family resilience positively predicted PTG (β = 0.25, P<0.01). Moreover, individual resilience directly positively predicted PTG (β = 0.25, P<0.001). Conclusions Family resilience could facilitate PTG in nursing students in the face of parental disability. Interventions to promote PTG among college nursing students who have experienced parental disability should consider individual or family resilience-based intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Huayu Bai
- Shandong University Qilu Hospital, Ji'nan, China
| | - Fenglan Lou
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Ji'nan, China
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16
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Ajoudani F, Jafarizadeh H, Kazamzadeh J. Social support and posttraumatic growth in Iranian burn survivors: The mediating role of spirituality. Burns 2019; 45:732-740. [DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2018.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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17
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Isokääntä S, Koivula K, Honkalampi K, Kokki H. Resilience in children and their parents enduring pediatric medical traumatic stress. Paediatr Anaesth 2019; 29:218-225. [PMID: 30592109 DOI: 10.1111/pan.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Due to the general lack of familiarity with the concept in the medical field, resilience is rarely considered in pediatric medical traumas. Resilience is an ability that enables recovery after adversities such as traumas, surgeries, serious health problems, or social issues. Stress from medical traumas encompasses both the psychological and physical responses of children and their families. Lack of resilience in children with medical traumatic stress may contribute to poor adjustment, slow recovery, disruptive behaviors, and psychiatric disorders. Furthermore, persistent parental distress increases the child's risk of low resilience. Consequently, these patients and their parents require early identification. This is achievable using a common stress measure such as the Perceived Stress Scale. Moreover, health care providers can screen patients' risks for low resilience, which include few social contacts, poor family functioning, and low cohesion among family members. Findings from the stress scale and screened risks could indicate the need for additional psychosocial support at the time of diagnosis of a serious illness, soon after injuries, and before and after operations. Such interventions can include decreasing distress, counseling children and their parents, and enabling strong connections to health care providers. Health care providers can help parents to minimize distress and adjust to their child's illness, thereby supporting the child's resilience, adjustment, and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siiri Isokääntä
- Department of Anaesthesia and Operative Services, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.,Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Krista Koivula
- Department of Paediatrics, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kirsi Honkalampi
- School of Educational Sciences and Psychology, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - Hannu Kokki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
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18
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Wu X, Kaminga AC, Dai W, Deng J, Wang Z, Pan X, Liu A. The prevalence of moderate-to-high posttraumatic growth: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2019; 243:408-415. [PMID: 30268956 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2017] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is positive psychological changes after encountering challenging events. The main purpose of this meta-analysis was to summarize the prevalence of moderate-to-high PTG in people who experienced traumatic events and to understand what social-demographic and trauma characteristics distinguish those who show a high rate of PTG from those of low level. METHODS Six electronic databases were searched. Loney's appraisal criteria were used to evaluate the quality of studies. Freeman-Turkey double arcsine transformation method was used to calculate the combined prevalence. Age, time since event, type of trauma and trauma form were analyzed as subgroup factors. According to the source of the trauma, the type of trauma was divided into three different categories: disease, accident and specific profession. Specific profession refers to firefighters, veterans, intensive care staff, etc. The complex working environment, irregular lifestyle, various unpredictable factors, as well as the frequently adverse stimuli from others contribute to great physical and mental pressure. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were deemed as qualified for this systematic review and meta-analysis. The level of PTG across studies ranged from 10% to 77.3%, and heterogeneity tests showed high heterogeneity (I2 = 92.3%, 95%CI = 90.1%-94.0%, p < 0.01). Random effect model was chosen to calculate the combined prevalence and the prevalence was 52.58% (95%CI = 48.66%-56.48%). People whose age was younger than 60,had shorter time since trauma,worked in a specific profession and suffered from direct trauma reported high rate of moderate-to-high PTG. LIMITATIONS Because the included studies haven't provided adequate PTG-related information, these factors could not be used to performed subgroup analyses. In addition, some studies were excluded due to the different standard may lead to deviation of the combined prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Nearly half of the investigated individuals reported moderate-to-high PTG after experiencing a traumatic event. Future research needs to further study the determinants of PTG to provide relevant interventions for the victims of trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Atipatsa C Kaminga
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China.; Department of Mathematics, Mzuzu University, Mzuzu, Malawi.
| | - Wenjie Dai
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Zhipeng Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Xiongfeng Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
| | - Aizhong Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China..
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19
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Ueki S, Fujita Y, Kitao M, Kumagai Y, Ike M, Niinomi K, Matsunaka E, Fujiwara C. Resilience and difficulties of parents of children with a cleft lip and palate. Jpn J Nurs Sci 2018; 16:232-237. [PMID: 30155974 DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM The present study explored the differences in emotional difficulties and resilience between fathers and mothers of a child with a cleft lip and palate. METHODS Married couples were recruited who were accompanying their child with a cleft lip and palate (<12 years old) on regular visits to an outpatient clinic in a Japanese hospital. The participants were distributed an anonymous questionnaire that included items regarding emotional difficulties with the cleft lip and palate and a scale to measure resilience when caring for the children. In the data analysis, the paired t-test was used to compare the individuals within the couples. RESULTS By analyzing the data of 64 couples who provided valid responses, two items with the highest mean score for the difficulties that were faced by both the father and mother of a child with a cleft lip and palate were: "I am worried about whether the child's teeth will be straightened" and "I am worried that the children could suffer due to their appearance." The mothers felt significantly more worry about their child's future and more guilt than did the fathers. In contrast, the fathers had greater resilience, in terms of problem-solving skills and recognition and acceptance than did the mothers. CONCLUSION It is important that healthcare providers understand the difference between the fathers' and mothers' worries about their child with a cleft lip and palate. Specific support services should be offered to fathers with a high level of resilience, in terms of the acceptance of reality and problem-solving, which could increase their parenting ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Ueki
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yuichi Fujita
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Mika Kitao
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
| | - Yukari Kumagai
- Department of Nursing, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Miho Ike
- Department of Nursing, Osaka University Dental Hospital, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuteru Niinomi
- Division of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Eriko Matsunaka
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Japanese Red Cross Kyushu International College of Nursing, Munakata, Japan
| | - Chieko Fujiwara
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing, Mukogawa Women's University, Nishinomiya, Japan
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20
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Kang X, Fang Y, Li S, Liu Y, Zhao D, Feng X, Wang Y, Li P. The Benefits of Indirect Exposure to Trauma: The Relationships among Vicarious Posttraumatic Growth, Social Support, and Resilience in Ambulance Personnel in China. Psychiatry Investig 2018; 15:452-459. [PMID: 29695152 PMCID: PMC5976003 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2017.11.08.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ambulance personnel who witness trauma experienced by patients have been reported to experience positive changes, known as vicarious posttraumatic growth (VPTG). We examined VPTG and its relationship with social support and resilience among ambulance personnel. METHODS The sample (n=227) was recruited from six emergency centers in China. The measures included the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC-10). Structure Equation Modeling (SEM) and the bootstrapping procedure were used to examine indirect effects. RESULTS The participants' mean score for VPTG was 68.96 (SD=15.51). Social support had significant direct effects on resilience (β=0.51, p<0.001) and VPTG (β=0.25, p=0.001), and resilience (β=0.58, p<0.001) had a significant direct effect on VPTG. Furthermore, social support had a significant indirect effect (0.51×0.58=0.30, p<0.001) on VPTG through resilience. CONCLUSION Although the nature of the work of ambulance personnel is not expected to change, the negative effects of the trauma they encounter can be reduced by providing them with more support resources and interventions to foster their resilience, which in turn, promote VPTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Kang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yueyan Fang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Sihan Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yadong Liu
- Shandong Chest Hospital, Shandong, China
| | - Di Zhao
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Xiujuan Feng
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, China
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21
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Kong L, Fang M, Ma T, Li G, Yang F, Meng Q, Li Y, Li P. Positive affect mediates the relationships between resilience, social support and posttraumatic growth of women with infertility. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2018. [PMID: 29521521 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1447679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Linghua Kong
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Mei Fang
- Department of Nursing, Reproductive Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Tao Ma
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Guopeng Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Fang Yang
- Center of Reproduction, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Qian Meng
- Center of Reproduction, Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Urinary Surgery, Linyi People’s Hospital, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, Shandong, P.R. China
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22
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Li Y, Xing A, Chen X, Lou F, Cao F. Posttraumatic growth and parental bonding in young adults of parents with physical disabilites: testing mediation model of resilience. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2017; 23:661-667. [PMID: 29250994 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2017.1417608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Positive parent-child relationships are associated with positive youth development, but little is known about the relationships between parental bonding, resilience, and posttraumatic growth, which is positive change resulting from the struggle with trauma. This study examined a mediation model among 119 female young adults with disabled parents. The model included resilience as a mediator of the relationship between the paternal Care and posttraumatic growth. The results revealed that resilience did mediate the relationship between the paternal Care and posttraumatic growth. The findings indicate that paternal Care helps to foster female young adults' resilience, which benefits their growth after suffering adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Li
- a School of Nursing , Shandong University , Jinan , PR China.,b School of Nursing , Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Jinan , PR China
| | - Aihong Xing
- c Department of Nursing , Shandong Medical College , Jinan , PR China
| | - Xiaoyun Chen
- d Society and Law School , Shandong Women's University , Jinan , PR China
| | - Fenglan Lou
- a School of Nursing , Shandong University , Jinan , PR China
| | - Fenglin Cao
- a School of Nursing , Shandong University , Jinan , PR China
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23
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Yu NX, Liu C, Yue Z. Resilience mediated the association between acculturation and psychological growth in college students from Hong Kong to Guangzhou, China. J Ment Health 2017. [PMID: 28635438 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2017.1294730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of Hong Kong citizens living in mainland China is increasing. The process of acculturation may create opportunities for psychological growth. AIMS This study aimed at examining whether resilience mediated the effects of acculturation on psychological growth in college students from Hong Kong to Guangzhou. METHOD In this cross-sectional survey, 164 college students in Guangzhou who were Hong Kong permanent residents (female: 46%, age: 21.09 ± 1.50) joined the study. RESULTS The integration group reported more psychological growth than the assimilation, separation, and marginalization groups. Resilience partially mediated the effect of integration on psychological growth and fully mediated the effect of marginalization on psychological growth. CONCLUSIONS Resilience represents one of the mechanisms to explain beneficial effects of integration on psychological growth in college students from Hong Kong to Guangzhou. Theoretical considerations to rethink the acculturation model, implications for developing intervention programs, and recommendations for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- a Department of Applied Social Sciences , City University of Hong Kong , Hong Kong , China and
| | - Chang Liu
- b Department of Psychology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhenzhu Yue
- b Department of Psychology , Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou , China
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24
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Dong X, Li G, Liu C, Kong L, Fang Y, Kang X, Li P. The mediating role of resilience in the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth among colorectal cancer survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies: A structural equation model analysis. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2017; 29:47-52. [PMID: 28720265 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2017.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Information on posttraumatic growth (PTG) among colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies is limited. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the occurrence of PTG among CRC survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies and its association with perceived social support and resilience. METHODS This study was conducted with 164 CRC survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies at least one month after surgery. Participants completed questionnaires assessing socio-demographic and clinical characteristics, perceived social support, resilience and PTG. RESULTS The mean total score on the Post Traumatic Growth Inventory was 66.74 (SD = 13.99). Perceived social support (r = 0.450) and resilience (r = 0.545) were significantly positively correlated with PTG. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that resilience mediated the relationship between perceived social support and PTG in which the indirect effect of perceived social support on PTG through resilience was 0.203 (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Moderate to high PTG was found in CRC survivors with permanent intestinal ostomies. The most important implication of this study was that improving social support and resilience might be scientific intervention strategies for promoting PTG among CRC survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Dong
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, China; Shandong Cancer Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical Science, China
| | - Guopeng Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, China
| | | | | | - Yueyan Fang
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, China
| | | | - Ping Li
- School of Nursing, Shandong University, China.
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25
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Ben Shlomo S, Taubman-Ben-Ari O. Child Adjustment to First Grade as Perceived by the Parents: The Role of Parents' Personal Growth. Stress Health 2017; 33:102-110. [PMID: 27062577 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The current study aimed at investigating the direct and moderating role of personal growth in a child's adjustment to first grade as perceived by the parents, drawing on Positive Psychology (Seligman & Csikszentmihalyi, ) and the theory of families as systems (Cox & Paley, ). The sample consisted of 280 Israeli parents (213 mothers and 67 fathers) whose children were in first grade. The participants completed questionnaires relating to background variables of the parent and child, as well as parents' perceived stress, emotional intelligence, perceived child's adjustment to school and personal growth. The findings indicate that a child's entrance into the school system may lead to personal growth in the parents and that variables of both the parent (age and education) and the child (birth order) contribute to this process. Furthermore, among parents with a low level of personal growth, higher emotional intelligence was associated with a more positive assessment of the child's adjustment. The study thus demonstrates that the transition to first grade may serve as a lever for the parents' growth and development, which in turn may affect their perception of their child's adjustment to school. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirley Ben Shlomo
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Orit Taubman-Ben-Ari
- The Louis and Gabi Weisfeld School of Social Work, Bar Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
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Pan X, Liu J, Li LW, Kwok J. Posttraumatic growth in aging individuals who have lost their only child in China. DEATH STUDIES 2016; 40:395-404. [PMID: 27031924 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2016.1169234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This article examined the extent of posttraumatic growth (PTG) and factors related to PTG in aging individuals who have lost their only child in China. The sample included 201 bereaved parents from different families residing in Chongqing, China. They were between 49-80 years old (M = 61) and had lost their only child. Personal interviews were conducted in their homes. PTG was assessed with a revised Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI-R). Descriptive and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Overall, the sample showed a positive tendency toward PTG. The older the child was at death, the less PTG the parent experienced. Time since the child's death was negatively correlated with PTG, and parents whose children died by accident/suicide had lower PTG than those whose children died of illness. Lower education and poor parental health were significantly associated with lower levels of PTG. Community support was significantly and positively associated with PTG. A majority of aging parents who have lost their only child in China experience PTG. Characteristics related to the loss (child's age at death, time since the death, and cause of death), personal resources (parent's education and health), and community support are associated with the degree of growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofu Pan
- a School of Culture and Social Development Studies , Southwest University , Chongqing , China
| | - Jinyu Liu
- b School of Social Work , Columbia University , New York , New York , USA
| | - Lydia W Li
- c School of Social Work , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
| | - Jonathan Kwok
- c School of Social Work , University of Michigan , Ann Arbor , Michigan , USA
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Overstreet C, Berenz EC, Sheerin C, Amstadter AB, Canino G, Silberg J. Potentially Traumatic Events, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, and Depression among Adults in Puerto Rico. Front Psychol 2016; 7:469. [PMID: 27064295 PMCID: PMC4815006 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The aims of the current study were to examine the prevalence of potentially traumatic events (PTEs), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD; data available in males only), and depressive symptoms in a Puerto Rican sample of 678 adult caretakers (50% female) of twins participating in the Puerto Rican Infant Twin Study. The World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview version 3.0 (CIDI 3.0) was utilized to assess rates of PTEs, PTSD, and depression among male participants while an abbreviated version of the CIDI 3.0 and the Mood and Feelings Questionnaire were administered to females to assess PTEs and depressive symptoms. Significantly more males than females reported exposure to a PTE (76.6% vs. 44.2%, χ(2) = 64.44, p < 0.001). In males, endorsement of multiple PTEs was associated with increased level of PTSD symptomatology (β = 0.33, p < 0.001). With regard to depression, a similar dose-response relationship was found in both males and females, with depressive symptoms increasing as number of PTEs increased (βs = 0.15, 0.16, ps < 0.05). Exposure to an attack with a weapon was significantly associated with increased depression symptoms in both males and females (βs = 0.24, 0.20, ps < 0.01, respectively). These findings highlight the need for identification of putative risk and resilience factors among PTE-exposed individuals in Puerto Rico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassie Overstreet
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Erin C Berenz
- Developmental Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville VA, USA
| | - Christina Sheerin
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Ananda B Amstadter
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
| | - Glorisa Canino
- Behavioral Sciences Research Institute, University of Puerto Rico, San Juan PR, USA
| | - Judy Silberg
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond VA, USA
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Yang JH, Kim OS. The Structural Equation Model on Resilience of Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Chemotherapy. J Korean Acad Nurs 2016; 46:327-37. [DOI: 10.4040/jkan.2016.46.3.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Ha Yang
- Division of Nursing Science, JEI University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Ok Soo Kim
- Division of Nursing Science, College of Health Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Schubert CF, Schmidt U, Rosner R. Posttraumatic Growth in Populations with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder-A Systematic Review on Growth-Related Psychological Constructs and Biological Variables. Clin Psychol Psychother 2015; 23:469-486. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christine F. Schubert
- RG Molecular Psychotraumatology; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Munich Germany
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology; Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt; Eichstaett Germany
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- RG Molecular Psychotraumatology; Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry; Munich Germany
| | - Rita Rosner
- Department of Clinical and Biological Psychology; Catholic University of Eichstaett-Ingolstadt; Eichstaett Germany
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Yu Y, Peng L, Liu B, Liu Y, Li M, Chen L, Xie J, Li J, Li J. The effects of anxiety and depression on stress-related growth among Chinese army recruits: Resilience and coping as mediators. J Health Psychol 2015; 21:1884-95. [PMID: 25631664 DOI: 10.1177/1359105314567769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related growth can occur after various traumas or stressful events. In order to investigate how anxiety and depression relate to stress-related growth, this study was conducted with 443 Chinese army recruits who had just finished a 3-month recruit training program. Path analyses revealed that resilience and positive/negative coping partially mediated the effect of anxiety on perceived stress-related growth, while negative coping fully mediated the relationship between depression and perceived stress-related growth. Moreover, positive coping partially carried the influence of resilience on perceived stress-related growth. Anxiety and depression may be potential targets for intervention to enhance the development of stress-related growth among Chinese army recruits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Yu
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Li Peng
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Botao Liu
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Yunbo Liu
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Min Li
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Long Chen
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Junrun Xie
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Jing Li
- Third Military Medical University, China
| | - Jiawen Li
- Third Military Medical University, China
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Harding S, Sanipour F, Moss T. Existence of benefit finding and posttraumatic growth in people treated for head and neck cancer: a systematic review. PeerJ 2014; 2:e256. [PMID: 24688840 PMCID: PMC3933269 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 01/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The impact of head and neck cancer (HNC) in long-term survivors differs widely among individuals, and a significant number of them suffer from the negative effects of disease, whereas others report significant positive effect. This systematic review investigated the evidence the implications of treatment for HNC and subsequent development of Benefit Finding (BF) or Posttraumatic Growth (PTG). Purpose. To understand how differing medical, psychological and social characteristics of HNC may lead to BF/PTG and subsequently inform post-treatment interventions to encourage positive outcomes. Method. In February 2012, five databases including Pubmed, and Psych Info, were searched, for peer-reviewed English-language publications. Search strings included key words pertaining to HNC, BF, and PTG. One thousand three hundred and sixty three publications were identified, reviewed, and reduced following Cochrane guidelines and inclusion/exclusion criteria specified by a group of maxillofacial consultants and psychologists. Publications were then quality assessed using the CASP Cohort Critical Appraisal tool. Findings. Five manuscripts met the search and selection criteria, and were sourced for review. All studies were identified as being level IIb evidence which is a medium level of quality. The majority of studies investigated benefit finding (80%) and were split between recruiting participant via cancer clinics and postal survey. They focused on the medical, psychological and social characteristics of the patient following completion of treatment for HNC. Conclusion. Demographic factors across the papers showed similar patterns of relationships across BF and PTG; that higher education/qualification and cohabitation/marriage are associated with increased BF/PTG. Similarly, overlap with disease characteristics and psychosocial factors where hope and optimism were both positively correlated with increased reported BF/PTG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Harding
- Department of Psychology, University of the West of England , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Fatimeh Sanipour
- Department of Psychology, University of the West of England , Bristol , United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Moss
- Centre for Appearance Research, University of the West of England , Bristol , United Kingdom
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Yu Y, Peng L, Tang T, Chen L, Li M, Wang T. Effects of emotion regulation and general self-efficacy on posttraumatic growth in Chinese cancer survivors: assessing the mediating effect of positive affect. Psychooncology 2013; 23:473-8. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.3434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2012] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yongju Yu
- Department of Military Psychology, College of Psychology; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Li Peng
- Department of Military Psychology, College of Psychology; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Tang Tang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Xinqiao Hospital; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Military Psychology, College of Psychology; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Military Psychology, College of Psychology; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Military Psychology, College of Psychology; Third Military Medical University; Chongqing China
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Min JA, Lee CU, Hwang SI, Shin JI, Lee BS, Han SH, Ju HI, Lee CY, Lee C, Chae JH. The moderation of resilience on the negative effect of pain on depression and post-traumatic growth in individuals with spinal cord injury. Disabil Rehabil 2013; 36:1196-202. [DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2013.834985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Cramm JM, Strating MMH, Nieboer AP. The Importance of General Self-Efficacy for the Quality of Life of Adolescents with Diabetes or Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Over Time: A Longitudinal Study among Adolescents and Parents. Front Pediatr 2013; 1:40. [PMID: 24400286 PMCID: PMC3864251 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2013.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To (i) investigate the influence of general self-efficacy on quality of life outcomes over time among adolescents with type I diabetes or juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA), (ii) investigate parents' perceptions of general self-efficacy and quality of life of adolescents with diabetes or JRA over time, and (iii) identify possible differences in the evaluations of adolescents and parents. METHODS This study included adolescents aged 12-25 years with type I diabetes or JRA and their parents. At T1, 171/573 (30% response rate) adolescents with diabetes or JRA and 229/563 (41% response rate) parents completed the questionnaire. At T2, 230/551 (42% response rate) adolescents and 220/559 (39% response rate) parents still participating in the study completed the questionnaire. A total of 112 adolescents and 143 parents filled in the questionnaires at both T1 and T2. RESULTS Adolescents perceived significant improvement in their general self-efficacy and reduced quality of life over time, whereas parents' perceptions did not change. According to adolescents and parents, physical functioning was better among adolescents with diabetes than among those with JRA. Regression analyses of adolescents' data showed that general self-efficacy at T1 (β = 0.13; p ≤ 0.10) and changes in general self-efficacy (β = 0.22; p ≤ 0.01) predicted quality of life at T2. Parents' responses revealed that adolescents' general self-efficacy at T1 (β = 0.16; p ≤ 0.05) and changes in adolescents' general self-efficacy (β = 0.18; p ≤ 0.05) predicted adolescents' quality of life at T2. CONCLUSION General self-efficacy and changes therein positively affected quality of life in adolescents with diabetes or JRA over time, as perceived by adolescents and parents. These findings emphasize the need for the implementation of interventions aiming to improve general self-efficacy in these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane M Cramm
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Mathilde M H Strating
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University , Rotterdam , Netherlands
| | - Anna P Nieboer
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, Erasmus University , Rotterdam , Netherlands
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