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Aşcı Çelik D, Toğay VA. In vivo protective efficacy of astaxanthin against ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage. Chem Biol Drug Des 2023; 102:882-888. [PMID: 37545012 DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.14321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, is believed to be effective in the repair of DNA damage. Our study evaluates the effect of astaxanthin on DNA damage in rats exposed to whole-body radiotherapy using the comet assay. Thirty-two male rats were randomly divided into four groups (control, ionizing radiation, astaxanthin, and radiation+astaxanthin). The radiation and radiation+astaxanthin groups were exposed to X-rays at a dose of 8 gray (0.62 gray/min). Astaxanthin was administered at 4 mg/kg by gavage for 7 days starting from irradiation. The %TailDNA parameter was chosen as an indicator of DNA damage and the results were compared using one-way ANOVA. %TailDNA was 3.24 ± 3.12 in the control group, 2.85 ± 2.73 in the astaxanthin group, 4.11 ± 7.90 in the radiation group, and 3.59 ± 4.05 in the radiation+astaxanthin group. There was a significant increase in DNA damage in the radiation group, compared with the control and astaxanthin groups (p < .001). DNA damage was reduced in the radiation+astaxanthin group compared with the radiation group (p < .05). Although this decrease did not reduce damage to the level of the control group, it was significant. The decrease in radiation-induced DNA damage by astaxanthin administration in our study supports the hypothesis that astaxanthin is a promising agent for against/reducing DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilek Aşcı Çelik
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Vehbi Atahan Toğay
- Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biology, Isparta, Turkey
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2
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Sueyasu T, Yasumoto K, Tokuda H, Kaneda Y, Obata H, Rogi T, Izumo T, Kondo S, Saito J, Tsukiura T, Nakai M. Effects of Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Combination with Lutein and Zeaxanthin on Episodic Memory in Healthy Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:2825. [PMID: 37447152 DOI: 10.3390/nu15132825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid (ARA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), which are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs), as well as lutein (L) and zeaxanthin (Z), can potentially improve brain function. However, the effect of a combination of these components (LCPUFAs + LZ) on memory function in healthy older individuals remains unclear. This study aimed to determine if LCPUFAs + LZ-supplemented food could improve memory function. Exploratory and confirmatory trials (Trials 1 and 2, respectively) were conducted in healthy older Japanese individuals with memory complaints. We conducted randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trials. Participants were randomly allocated to two groups: placebo or LCPUFAs + LZ. LCPUFAs + LZ participants were provided with supplements containing ARA, DHA, EPA, L, and Z for 24 weeks in Trial 1 and 12 weeks in Trial 2. Memory functions were evaluated using Cognitrax before and after each trial. Combined analyses were performed for subgroups of participants with cognitive decline in Trials 1 and 2. The results showed that supplementation with LCPUFAs + LZ did not significantly affect memory function in healthy, non-demented, older individuals with memory complaints whereas it improved memory function in healthy, non-demented, older individuals with cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshiaki Sueyasu
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yasumoto
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hisanori Tokuda
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Kaneda
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Hidenori Obata
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Rogi
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Takayuki Izumo
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
| | - Sumio Kondo
- Fukushima Healthcare Center, Medical Corporation Kenshokai, 2-12-16, Tamagawa, Fukushima-ku, Osaka 553-0044, Japan
| | - Jiro Saito
- Medical Station Clinic, 3-12-8, Takaban, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Tsukiura
- Department of Cognitive, Behavioral and Health Sciences, Graduate School of Human and Environmental Studies, Kyoto University, Yoshida Nihonmatsu-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masaaki Nakai
- Institute for Science of Life, Suntory Wellness Limited, 8-1-1 Seikadai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0284, Japan
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Lee J, Lim JW, Kim H. Astaxanthin Inhibits Oxidative Stress-Induced Ku Protein Degradation and Apoptosis in Gastric Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14193939. [PMID: 36235593 PMCID: PMC9570747 DOI: 10.3390/nu14193939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress induces DNA damage which can be repaired by DNA repair proteins, such as Ku70/80. Excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) stimulate the activation of caspase-3, which degrades Ku 70/80. Cells with decreased Ku protein levels undergo apoptosis. Astaxanthin exerts antioxidant activity by inducing the expression of catalase, an antioxidant enzyme, in gastric epithelial cells. Therefore, astaxanthin may inhibit oxidative stress-induced DNA damage by preventing Ku protein degradation and thereby suppressing apoptosis. Ku proteins can be degraded via ubiquitination and neddylation which adds ubiquitin-like protein to substrate proteins. We aimed to determine whether oxidative stress decreases Ku70/80 expression through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway to induce apoptosis and whether astaxanthin inhibits oxidative stress-induced changes in gastric epithelial AGS cells. We induced oxidative stress caused by the treatment of β-D-glucose (G) and glucose oxidase (GO) in the cells. As a result, the G/GO treatment increased ROS levels, decreased nuclear Ku protein levels and Ku-DNA-binding activity, and induced the ubiquitination of Ku80. G/GO increased the DNA damage marker levels (γ-H2AX; DNA fragmentation) and apoptosis marker annexin V-positive cells and cell death. Astaxanthin inhibited G/GO-induced alterations, including Ku degradation in AGS cells. MLN4924, a neddylation inhibitor, and MG132, a proteasome inhibitor, suppressed G/GO-mediated DNA fragmentation and decreased cell viability. These results indicated that G/GO-induced oxidative stress causes Ku protein loss through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, resulting in DNA fragmentation and apoptotic cell death. Astaxanthin inhibited oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis via the reduction of ROS levels and inhibition of Ku protein degradation. In conclusion, dietary astaxanthin supplementation or astaxanthin-rich food consumption may be effective for preventing or delaying oxidative stress-mediated cell damage by suppressing Ku protein loss and apoptosis in gastric epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hyeyoung Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2123-3125; Fax: +82-2-364-5781
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Khodir SA, Sweed E, Gadallah M, Shabaan A. Astaxanthin attenuates cardiovascular dysfunction associated with deoxycorticosterone acetate-salt-induced hypertension in rats. Clin Exp Hypertens 2022; 44:382-395. [PMID: 35322744 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2022.2055764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertension is a major global health problem. It is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease. One of the most used experimental models in studying antihypertensive action is the deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive rat. This study aimed to investigate the cardiovascular protective effect of astaxanthin (ASX) in DOCA-salt-induced hypertension and its possible underlying mechanisms. METHODS A total of 48 adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into three groups: control, DOCA, and DOCA + ASX. Blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, some oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, and lipid profile levels were measured. The weight of the left ventricle to tibial length ratio was calculated. Apoptosis detection and total genomic DNA extraction in aortic and cardiac tissues were investigated. The apoptotic marker BAX was also immunohistochemically assessed in the heart and aorta. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the DOCA group was associated with a significant increase in blood pressure, serum cardiac enzyme levels, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarker levels, lipid profile except serum high-density lipoprotein (HDL), weight of the left ventricle to tibial length, and total released DNA fragmentation level of the left ventricle and aorta and a significant decrease in reduced glutathione (GSH) and HDL. Compared to the DOCA group, the DOCA + ASX group significantly improved the DOCA-induced changes. CONCLUSION ASX has beneficial protective effects on DOCA-salt-induced hypertension via DNA fragmentation protection, apoptosis inhibition, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and its effects on lipid levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzan A Khodir
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Eman Sweed
- Clinical pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Marwa Gadallah
- Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Anwaar Shabaan
- Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Schmeisser J, Verlhac-Trichet V, Madaro A, Lall SP, Torrissen O, Olsen RE. Molecular Mechanism Involved in Carotenoid Metabolism in Post-Smolt Atlantic Salmon: Astaxanthin Metabolism During Flesh Pigmentation and Its Antioxidant Properties. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 23:653-670. [PMID: 34417678 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-021-10055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A better understanding of carotenoid dynamics (transport, absorption, metabolism, and deposition) is essential to develop a better strategy to improve astaxanthin (Ax) retention in muscle of Atlantic salmon. To achieve that, a comparison of post-smolt salmon with (+ Ax) or without (- Ax) dietary Ax supplementation was established based on a transcriptomic approach targeting pyloric, hepatic, and muscular tissues. Results in post-smolts showed that the pyloric caeca transcriptome is more sensitive to dietary Ax supplementation compared to the other tissues. Key genes sensitive to Ax supplementation could be identified, such as cd36 in pylorus, agr2 in liver, or fbp1 in muscle. The most modulated genes in pylorus were related to absorption but also metabolism of Ax. Additionally, genes linked to upstream regulation of the ferroptosis pathway were significantly modulated in liver, evoking the involvement of Ax as an antioxidant in this process. Finally, the muscle seemed to be less impacted by dietary Ax supplementation, except for genes related to actin remodelling and glucose homeostasis. In conclusion, the transcriptome data generated from this study showed that Ax dynamics in Atlantic salmon is characterized by a high metabolism during absorption at pyloric caeca level. In liver, a link with a potential of ferroptosis process appears likely via cellular lipid peroxidation. Our data provide insights into a better understanding of molecular mechanisms involved in dietary Ax supplementation, as well as its beneficial effects in preventing oxidative stress and related inflammation in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Schmeisser
- DSM Nutritional Products - Research Centre of Animal Nutrition and Health, 68305, Saint-Louis Cedex, France.
| | - Viviane Verlhac-Trichet
- DSM Nutritional Products - Research Centre of Animal Nutrition and Health, 68305, Saint-Louis Cedex, France
| | - Angelico Madaro
- Institute of Marine Research, Animal Welfare Science Group, 5984, Matredal, Norway
| | - Santosh P Lall
- Retired From National Research Council of Canada, 1411 Oxford Street, Halifax, Canada
| | - Ole Torrissen
- Institute of Marine Research, Animal Welfare Science Group, 5984, Matredal, Norway
| | - Rolf Erik Olsen
- Institute of Marine Research, Animal Welfare Science Group, 5984, Matredal, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491, Trondheim, Norway
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Ferreira-Santos P, Miranda SM, Belo I, Spigno G, Teixeira JA, Rocha CM. Sequential multi-stage extraction of biocompounds from Spirulina platensis: Combined effect of ohmic heating and enzymatic treatment. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2021.102707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Łupina K, Kowalczyk D, Kazimierczak W. Gum Arabic/Gelatin and Water-Soluble Soy Polysaccharides/Gelatin Blend Films as Carriers of Astaxanthin-A Comparative Study of the Kinetics of Release and Antioxidant Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13071062. [PMID: 33800579 PMCID: PMC8036643 DOI: 10.3390/polym13071062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Polymer blending and incorporation of active substances offer a possibility of generation of novel packaging materials with interesting features. Astaxanthin is one of the most powerful antioxidants. Hence, in this study, water-soluble AstaSana astaxanthin (AST) was incorporated into 75/25 gum arabic/gelatin (GAR75/GEL25) and water-soluble soy polysaccharides/gelatin (WSSP75/GEL25) blend films in different concentrations (0, 0.25%, 0.5%, 1%). Microscope images showed good compatibility between the polysaccharides and GEL. Basing on time required for 50% release, the WSSP-based film exhibited an approximately four-fold slower release rate (t50% = 65.16–142.80 min) than the GAR-based film (t50% = 14.64–34.02 min). This result was mainly ascribed to the slower dissolution of the WSSP-based carrier. The faster release rate of the GAR-based films resulted in stronger antioxidant activity (quarter-scavenging time (t25%ABTS) = 0.22–7.51 min) in comparison to the WSSP-based films (t25%ABTS = 0.91–12.94 min). The increase in the AST concentration was accompanied by gradually reduced solubility and the release rate. It is possible that the increasing number of starch granules (from the AST formulation) acted as a dissolution blocking agent. In general, the WSSP75/GEL25 film displayed the most linear (the Zero-order similar) release profile. So, this carrier has potential for release of AST at a quasi-constant speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Łupina
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Dariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Waldemar Kazimierczak
- Laboratory of Biocontrol, Application and Production of EPN, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Health, Center for Interdisciplinary Research, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Konstantynów 1J, 20-708 Lublin, Poland;
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Mladenović-Drinić S, Vukadinović J, Srdić J, Milašinović-Šeremešić M, Anđelković V. Effect of cooking on the content of carotenoids and tocopherols in sweet corn. FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr48-31960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste and nutritional value make sweet corn a valued plant and an important component of the human diet worldwide. Kernel nutritive composition of sweet corn has been reported in various papers, but a description of carotenoid and tocopherols profile, especially after cooking is scarce. Therefore, the present study was carried out to compare the carotenoid and tocopherol content in sweet corn before and after cooking. Contents of b-carotene, lutein+zeaxanthin and tocopherols (d-T, b+g-T, a-T) in the kernels of twelve sweet corn hybrids were determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and were expressed as the mean value of three independent measurements. Both genotype and cooking affected the content of the carotenoids and tocopherols in the kernel. The highest content of total carotenoids before and after cooking was found in hybrid ZP486/1su (27.77/45.28 µg/g) whereas the lowest content was in hybrid ZP 355su (10.27 µg/g) before cooking i.e. in hybrid ZP 347su (24.55 µg/g) after cooking. The cooking resulted in a significant increase in the content of total carotenoids and tocopherols, lutein+zeaxanthin, and b-carotene in all hybrids, except the ZP504su in which the b-carotene content decreased. An increase in a-tocopherol after cooking was observed in hybrids ZP485/1su and ZP484/1su, while a decrease was in hybrids ZP481/1su, ZP486/1su and ZP477/2su. The results showed that increasing micronutrient content is genotype-dependent. This study confirmed that cooking increases the nutritional value of sweet corn and gives it additional value in terms of functional food.
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Mladenović-Drinić S, Vukadinović J, Srdić J, Milašinović-Šeremešić M, Anđelković V. Effect of cooking on the content of carotenoids and tocopherols in sweet corn. FOOD AND FEED RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.5937/ffr0-31960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Taste and nutritional value make sweet corn a valued plant and an important component of the human diet worldwide. Kernel nutritive composition of sweet corn has been reported in various papers, but a description of carotenoid and tocopherols profile, especially after cooking is scarce. Therefore, the present study was carried out to compare the carotenoid and tocopherol content in sweet corn before and after cooking. Contents of b-carotene, lutein+zeaxanthin and tocopherols (d-T, b+g-T, a-T) in the kernels of twelve sweet corn hybrids were determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and were expressed as the mean value of three independent measurements. Both genotype and cooking affected the content of the carotenoids and tocopherols in the kernel. The highest content of total carotenoids before and after cooking was found in hybrid ZP486/1su (27.77/45.28 µg/g) whereas the lowest content was in hybrid ZP 355su (10.27 µg/g) before cooking i.e. in hybrid ZP 347su (24.55 µg/g) after cooking. The cooking resulted in a significant increase in the content of total carotenoids and tocopherols, lutein+zeaxanthin, and b-carotene in all hybrids, except the ZP504su in which the b-carotene content decreased. An increase in a-tocopherol after cooking was observed in hybrids ZP485/1su and ZP484/1su, while a decrease was in hybrids ZP481/1su, ZP486/1su and ZP477/2su. The results showed that increasing micronutrient content is genotype-dependent. This study confirmed that cooking increases the nutritional value of sweet corn and gives it additional value in terms of functional food.
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Genç Y, Bardakci H, Yücel Ç, Karatoprak GŞ, Küpeli Akkol E, Hakan Barak T, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Oxidative Stress and Marine Carotenoids: Application by Using Nanoformulations. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:md18080423. [PMID: 32823595 PMCID: PMC7459739 DOI: 10.3390/md18080423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural fat-soluble pigments synthesized by plants, algae, fungi and microorganisms. They are responsible for the coloration of different photosynthetic organisms. Although they play a role in photosynthesis, they are also present in non-photosynthetic plant tissues, fungi, and bacteria. These metabolites have mainly been used in food, cosmetics, and the pharmaceutical industry. In addition to their utilization as pigmentation, they have significant therapeutically applications, such as improving immune system and preventing neurodegenerative diseases. Primarily, they have attracted attention due to their antioxidant activity. Several statistical investigations indicated an association between the use of carotenoids in diets and a decreased incidence of cancer types, suggesting the antioxidant properties of these compounds as an important factor in the scope of the studies against oxidative stress. Unusual marine environments are associated with a great chemical diversity, resulting in novel bioactive molecules. Thus, marine organisms may represent an important source of novel biologically active substances for the development of therapeutics. Marine carotenoids (astaxanthin, fucoxanthin, β-carotene, lutein but also the rare siphonaxanthin, sioxanthin, and myxol) have recently shown antioxidant properties in reducing oxidative stress markers. Numerous of bioactive compounds such as marine carotenoids have low stability, are poorly absorbed, and own very limited bioavailability. The new technique is nanoencapsulation, which can be used to preserve marine carotenoids and their original properties during processing, storage, improve their physiochemical properties and increase their health-promoting effects. This review aims to describe the role of marine carotenoids, their potential applications and different types of advanced nanoformulations preventing and treating oxidative stress related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasin Genç
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Sıhhiye, 06100 Ankara, Turkey;
| | - Hilal Bardakci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (H.B.); (T.H.B.)
| | - Çiğdem Yücel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, 38039 Kayseri, Turkey;
| | - Esra Küpeli Akkol
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Etiler, 06330 Ankara, Turkey
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (E.S.-S.); Tel.: +90-312-2023185 (E.K.A.); +90-569-53972783 (E.S.-S.); Fax: +90-312-2235018 (E.K.A.)
| | - Timur Hakan Barak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University, 34752 Istanbul, Turkey; (H.B.); (T.H.B.)
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Correspondence: (E.K.A.); (E.S.-S.); Tel.: +90-312-2023185 (E.K.A.); +90-569-53972783 (E.S.-S.); Fax: +90-312-2235018 (E.K.A.)
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Proshkina E, Shaposhnikov M, Moskalev A. Genome-Protecting Compounds as Potential Geroprotectors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4484. [PMID: 32599754 PMCID: PMC7350017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, organisms are exposed to various exogenous and endogenous factors that cause DNA damages and somatic mutations provoking genomic instability. At a young age, compensatory mechanisms of genome protection are activated to prevent phenotypic and functional changes. However, the increasing stress and age-related deterioration in the functioning of these mechanisms result in damage accumulation, overcoming the functional threshold. This leads to aging and the development of age-related diseases. There are several ways to counteract these changes: 1) prevention of DNA damage through stimulation of antioxidant and detoxification systems, as well as transition metal chelation; 2) regulation of DNA methylation, chromatin structure, non-coding RNA activity and prevention of nuclear architecture alterations; 3) improving DNA damage response and repair; 4) selective removal of damaged non-functional and senescent cells. In the article, we have reviewed data about the effects of various trace elements, vitamins, polyphenols, terpenes, and other phytochemicals, as well as a number of synthetic pharmacological substances in these ways. Most of the compounds demonstrate the geroprotective potential and increase the lifespan in model organisms. However, their genome-protecting effects are non-selective and often are conditioned by hormesis. Consequently, the development of selective drugs targeting genome protection is an advanced direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Proshkina
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Mikhail Shaposhnikov
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
| | - Alexey Moskalev
- Laboratory of Geroprotective and Radioprotective Technologies, Institute of Biology, Komi Science Centre, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, 28 Kommunisticheskaya st., 167982 Syktyvkar, Russia; (E.P.); (M.S.)
- Pitirim Sorokin Syktyvkar State University, 55 Oktyabrsky prosp., 167001 Syktyvkar, Russia
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Lindsay KL, Buss C, Wadhwa PD, Entringer S. The Interplay Between Nutrition and Stress in Pregnancy: Implications for Fetal Programming of Brain Development. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 85:135-149. [PMID: 30057177 PMCID: PMC6389360 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2018.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence supports an important role for the intrauterine environment in shaping fetal development and subsequent child health and disease risk. The fetal brain is particularly plastic, whereby even subtle changes in structure and function produced by in utero conditions can have long-term implications. Based on the consideration that conditions related to energy substrate and likelihood of survival to reproductive age are particularly salient drivers of fetal programming, maternal nutrition and stress represent the most commonly, but independently, studied factors in this context. However, the effects of maternal nutrition and stress are context dependent and may be moderated by one another. Studies examining the effects of the bidirectional nutrition-stress interplay in pregnancy on fetal programming of brain development are beginning to emerge in the literature. This review incorporates all currently available animal and human studies of this interplay and provides a synthesis and critical discussion of findings. Nine of the 10 studies included here assessed nutrition-stress interactions and offspring neurodevelopmental or brain development outcomes. Despite significant heterogeneity in study design and methodology, two broad patterns of results emerge to suggest that the effects of prenatal stress on various aspects of brain development may be mitigated by 1) higher fat diets or increased intake and/or status of specific dietary fats and 2) higher dietary intake or supplementation of targeted nutrients. The limitations of these studies are discussed, and recommendations are provided for future research to expand on this important area of fetal programming of brain development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Lindsay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Claudia Buss
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pathik D Wadhwa
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; UC Irvine Development, Health and Disease Research Program, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California; Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Márquez-Ramírez CA, Hernández de la Paz JL, Ortiz-Avila O, Raya-Farias A, González-Hernández JC, Rodríguez-Orozco AR, Salgado-Garciglia R, Saavedra-Molina A, Godínez-Hernández D, Cortés-Rojo C. Comparative effects of avocado oil and losartan on blood pressure, renal vascular function, and mitochondrial oxidative stress in hypertensive rats. Nutrition 2018; 54:60-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2018.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Mazidi M, Kengne AP, Cheskin LJ, Banach M. Serum lipophilic antioxidants levels are associated with leucocyte telomere length among US adults. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:164. [PMID: 30029639 PMCID: PMC6054751 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0781-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To examine the association between serum concentrations of antioxidant and telomere length (TL) in U.S adults. METHODS Participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) with data available on TL measures from 2001 to 2002 were included. Serum lipophilic antioxidants level was measured using high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. We used analysis of co-variance and multivariable-adjusted linear regression models, accounting for the survey design and sample weights. RESULTS Of the 5992 eligible participants, 47.5% (n = 2844) were men. The mean age was 46.9 years overall, 47.2 years in men and 46.6 in women (p = 0.071). In age, sex, race, education, marital status, adiposity, smoking, C-reactive protein adjusted linear regressions, antioxidant, serum α-carotene, trans-β-carotene, cis- β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin and combined Lutein/zeaxanthin were positively and significantly associated with TL (all p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Our findings support a possible positive association between serum concentrations of lipophylic antioxidant and TL. The implications of this association deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Mazidi
- Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Food and Nutrition Science, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Andre Pascal Kengne
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council and University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L J Cheskin
- Department of Health, Johns Hopkins Weight Management Center Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Global Obesity Prevention Center at Johns Hopkins University, International Health/Human Nutrition, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Hypertension, Chair of Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.,Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.,Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Zielona-Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
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Chen HS, Chen X, Li WT, Shen JG. Targeting RNS/caveolin-1/MMP signaling cascades to protect against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injuries: potential application for drug discovery. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:669-682. [PMID: 29595191 PMCID: PMC5943912 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2018.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) play important roles in mediating cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. RNS activate multiple signaling pathways and participate in different cellular events in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Recent studies have indicated that caveolin-1 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) are important signaling molecules in the pathological process of ischemic brain injury. During cerebral ischemia-reperfusion, the production of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO−), two representative RNS, down-regulates the expression of caveolin-1 (Cav-1) and, in turn, further activates nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to promote RNS generation. The increased RNS further induce MMP activation and mediate disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), aggravating the brain damage in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Therefore, the feedback interaction among RNS/Cav-1/MMPs provides an amplified mechanism for aggravating ischemic brain damage during cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Targeting the RNS/Cav-1/MMP pathway could be a promising therapeutic strategy for protecting against cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. In this mini-review article, we highlight the important role of the RNS/Cav-1/MMP signaling cascades in ischemic stroke injury and review the current progress of studies seeking therapeutic compounds targeting the RNS/Cav-1/MMP signaling cascades to attenuate cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Several representative natural compounds, including calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside, baicalin, Momordica charantia polysaccharide (MCP), chlorogenic acid, lutein and lycopene, have shown potential for targeting the RNS/Cav-1/MMP signaling pathway to protect the brain in ischemic stroke. Therefore, the RNS/Cav-1/MMP pathway is an important therapeutic target in ischemic stroke treatment.
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Shen X, Zhao C, Lu J, Guo M. Physicochemical Properties of Whey-Protein-Stabilized Astaxanthin Nanodispersion and Its Transport via a Caco-2 Monolayer. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1472-1478. [PMID: 29345928 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b05284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin nanodispersion was prepared using whey protein isolate (WPI) and polymerized whey protein (PWP) through an emulsification-evaporation technique. The physicochemical properties of the astaxanthin nanodispersion were evaluated, and the transport of astaxanthin was assessed using a Caco-2 cell monolayer model. The astaxanthin nanodispersions stabilized by WPI and PWP (2.5%, w/w) had a small particle size (121 ± 4.9 and 80.4 ± 5.9 nm, respectively), negative ζ potential (-19.3 ± 1.5 and -35.0 ± 2.2 mV, respectively), and high encapsulation efficiency (92.1 ± 2.9 and 93.5 ± 2.4%, respectively). Differential scanning calorimetry curves indicated that amorphous astaxanthin existed in both astaxanthin nanodispersions. Whey-protein-stabilized astaxanthin nanodispersion showed resistance to pepsin digestion but readily released astaxanthin after trypsin digestion. The nanodispersions showed no cytotoxicity to Caco-2 cells at a protein concentration below 10 mg/mL. WPI- and PWP-stabilized nanodispersions improved the apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of Caco-2 cells to astaxanthin by 10.3- and 16.1-fold, respectively. The results indicated that whey-protein-stabilized nanodispersion is a good vehicle to deliver lipophilic bioactive compounds, such as astaxanthin, and to improve their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Shen
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Changhui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingruo Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University , Changchun, Jilin 130062, People's Republic of China
- Department of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University , Harbin, Heilongjiang 150030, People's Republic of China
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Vermont , 109 Carrigan Drive, 351 Carrigan Wing, Burlington, Vermont 05405, United States
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Zuluaga M, Gueguen V, Pavon-Djavid G, Letourneur D. Carotenoids from microalgae to block oxidative stress. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 7:1-3. [PMID: 28546947 PMCID: PMC5439384 DOI: 10.15171/bi.2017.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced under normal physiological conditions and involved in several cellular biochemical processes. Their external or endogenous overproduction induces a disruption of redox signaling and control known as oxidative stress. Under oxidative stress, the cell membrane structures, enzyme functions and gene expression are compromised leading to the pathogenesis of several chronic inflammatory diseases including the cardiovascular pathologies. Attempts to find new therapeutic molecules capable of blocking the oxidative stress are of crucial importance.
Owing to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, carotenoids have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. In particular, microalgae carotenoids such as astaxanthin and lutein have shown promising results. Due to their protective action, these carotenoids could have a high potential to treat ROS-related pathologies. However, a better understanding of their biological mechanisms of action and the appropriate administration and uses of delivery systems are needed in the prevention and treatment of chronic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisol Zuluaga
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Virginie Gueguen
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Graciela Pavon-Djavid
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément 93430 Villetaneuse, France
| | - Didier Letourneur
- INSERM U1148, Laboratory for Vascular Translational Science, Cardiovascular Bioengineering; Université Paris 13, Sorbonne Paris Cité 99, Av. Jean-Baptiste Clément 93430 Villetaneuse, France
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19
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Ferguson LR, Chen H, Collins AR, Connell M, Damia G, Dasgupta S, Malhotra M, Meeker AK, Amedei A, Amin A, Ashraf SS, Aquilano K, Azmi AS, Bhakta D, Bilsland A, Boosani CS, Chen S, Ciriolo MR, Fujii H, Guha G, Halicka D, Helferich WG, Keith WN, Mohammed SI, Niccolai E, Yang X, Honoki K, Parslow VR, Prakash S, Rezazadeh S, Shackelford RE, Sidransky D, Tran PT, Yang ES, Maxwell CA. Genomic instability in human cancer: Molecular insights and opportunities for therapeutic attack and prevention through diet and nutrition. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S5-S24. [PMID: 25869442 PMCID: PMC4600419 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2014] [Revised: 03/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic instability can initiate cancer, augment progression, and influence the overall prognosis of the affected patient. Genomic instability arises from many different pathways, such as telomere damage, centrosome amplification, epigenetic modifications, and DNA damage from endogenous and exogenous sources, and can be perpetuating, or limiting, through the induction of mutations or aneuploidy, both enabling and catastrophic. Many cancer treatments induce DNA damage to impair cell division on a global scale but it is accepted that personalized treatments, those that are tailored to the particular patient and type of cancer, must also be developed. In this review, we detail the mechanisms from which genomic instability arises and can lead to cancer, as well as treatments and measures that prevent genomic instability or take advantage of the cellular defects caused by genomic instability. In particular, we identify and discuss five priority targets against genomic instability: (1) prevention of DNA damage; (2) enhancement of DNA repair; (3) targeting deficient DNA repair; (4) impairing centrosome clustering; and, (5) inhibition of telomerase activity. Moreover, we highlight vitamin D and B, selenium, carotenoids, PARP inhibitors, resveratrol, and isothiocyanates as priority approaches against genomic instability. The prioritized target sites and approaches were cross validated to identify potential synergistic effects on a number of important areas of cancer biology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helen Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrew R Collins
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marisa Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Giovanna Damia
- Department of Oncology, Instituti di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milan, Italy
| | - Santanu Dasgupta
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, United States
| | | | - Alan K Meeker
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Amr Amin
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - S Salman Ashraf
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, Università di Roma Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Asfar S Azmi
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Dipita Bhakta
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alan Bilsland
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Chandra S Boosani
- Department of BioMedical Sciences, Creighton University, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Sophie Chen
- Department of Research & Development, Ovarian and Prostate Cancer Research Trust Laboratory, Guildford, Surrey, United Kingdom
| | | | - Hiromasa Fujii
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | - Gunjan Guha
- School of Chemical and BioTechnology, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - William G Helferich
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - W Nicol Keith
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Sulma I Mohammed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Elena Niccolai
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Xujuan Yang
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Kanya Honoki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Nara, Japan
| | | | - Satya Prakash
- School of Pharmacy, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Sarallah Rezazadeh
- Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, United States
| | - Rodney E Shackelford
- Department of Pathology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - David Sidransky
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Phuoc T Tran
- Departments of Radiation Oncology & Molecular Radiation Sciences, Oncology and Urology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Eddy S Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christopher A Maxwell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Michael Cuccione Childhood Cancer Research Program, Child and Family Research Institute, Vancouver, Canada.
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Zhang ZW, Xu XC, Liu T, Yuan S. Mitochondrion-Permeable Antioxidants to Treat ROS-Burst-Mediated Acute Diseases. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2015; 2016:6859523. [PMID: 26649144 PMCID: PMC4663357 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6859523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and cytokine outbreak, such as during virus infections, diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, antioxidant is an important medicine to ROS-related diseases. For example, ascorbic acid (vitamin C, VC) was suggested as the candidate antioxidant to treat multiple diseases. However, long-term use of high-dose VC causes many side effects. In this review, we compare and analyze all kinds of mitochondrion-permeable antioxidants, including edaravone, idebenone, α-Lipoic acid, carotenoids, vitamin E, and coenzyme Q10, and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants MitoQ and SkQ and propose astaxanthin (a special carotenoid) to be the best antioxidant for ROS-burst-mediated acute diseases, like avian influenza infection and ischemia-reperfusion. Nevertheless, astaxanthins are so unstable that most of them are inactivated after oral administration. Therefore, astaxanthin injection is suggested hypothetically. The drawbacks of the antioxidants are also reviewed, which limit the use of antioxidants as coadjuvants in the treatment of ROS-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Wei Zhang
- College of Resources Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Chao Xu
- College of Bioindustry, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Sichuan Kelun Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610071, China
| | - Shu Yuan
- College of Resources Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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Stringham JM, Stringham NT. Nitric Oxide and Lutein: Function, Performance, and Protection of Neural Tissue. Foods 2015; 4:678-689. [PMID: 28231230 PMCID: PMC5224557 DOI: 10.3390/foods4040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The soluble gas neurotransmitter nitric oxide (NO) serves many important metabolic and neuroregulatory functions in the retina and brain. Although it is necessary for normal neural function, NO can play a significant role in neurotoxicity. This is often seen in disease states that involve oxidative stress and inflammation of neural tissues, such as age-related macular degeneration and Alzheimer’s disease. The dietary xanthophyll carotenoid lutein (L) is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent that, if consumed in sufficient amounts, is deposited in neural tissues that require substantial metabolic demand. Some of these specific tissues, such as the central retina and frontal lobes of the brain, are impacted by age-related diseases such as those noted above. The conspicuous correspondence between metabolic demand, NO, and L is suggestive of a homeostatic relationship that serves to facilitate normal function, enhance performance, and protect vulnerable neural tissues. The purpose of this paper is to review the literature on these points.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Nicole T Stringham
- Nutritional Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Singh D, Gupta A, Wilkens SL, Mathur AS, Tuli DK, Barrow CJ, Puri M. Understanding response surface optimisation to the modeling of Astaxanthin extraction from a novel strain Thraustochytrium sp. S7. ALGAL RES 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Stachowiak B. Astaxanthin synthesis by Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its mutants on carrot extract medium under different illumination intensity. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s000368381405010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Liu J, Sun Z, Gerken H, Liu Z, Jiang Y, Chen F. Chlorella zofingiensis as an alternative microalgal producer of astaxanthin: biology and industrial potential. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:3487-515. [PMID: 24918452 PMCID: PMC4071588 DOI: 10.3390/md12063487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/18/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione), a high-value ketocarotenoid with a broad range of applications in food, feed, nutraceutical, and pharmaceutical industries, has been gaining great attention from science and the public in recent years. The green microalgae Haematococcus pluvialis and Chlorella zofingiensis represent the most promising producers of natural astaxanthin. Although H. pluvialis possesses the highest intracellular astaxanthin content and is now believed to be a good producer of astaxanthin, it has intrinsic shortcomings such as slow growth rate, low biomass yield, and a high light requirement. In contrast, C. zofingiensis grows fast phototrophically, heterotrophically and mixtrophically, is easy to be cultured and scaled up both indoors and outdoors, and can achieve ultrahigh cell densities. These robust biotechnological traits provide C. zofingiensis with high potential to be a better organism than H. pluvialis for mass astaxanthin production. This review aims to provide an overview of the biology and industrial potential of C. zofingiensis as an alternative astaxanthin producer. The path forward for further expansion of the astaxanthin production from C. zofingiensis with respect to both challenges and opportunities is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Liu
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
| | - Zheng Sun
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Henri Gerken
- Department of Applied Sciences and Mathematics, Arizona State University Polytechnic campus, Mesa, AZ 85212, USA.
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Yue Jiang
- School of Food Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Feng Chen
- Institute for Food & Bioresource Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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Yajima M, Matsumoto M, Harada M, Hara H, Yajima T. Effects of constant light during perinatal periods on the behavioral and neuronal development of mice with or without dietary lutein. Biomed Res 2014; 34:197-204. [PMID: 23995056 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.34.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Constant light conditions (LL) carry a risk of disrupting the biological clock of developing animals. Our purpose in this study was to investigate what disorders occur in animals receiving an LL stress during the late embryonic and suckling periods as compared with animals housed in dark-light (14 h-10 h) conditions (DL). In addition, we examined ameliorating effects against the disorder by the oral administration of lutein as an antioxidant. LL caused hypertrophy of the spleen and induced a higher expression of serotonin transporter (5HTT) in the corpus striatum and hippocampus in 15-day-old pups. In 9-week-old offspring, LL caused abnormal behavior in the elevated plus-maze test. The expression levels of 5HTT in the brain of the LL group changed to lower than those in DL group. The oral administration of lutein lessened the abnormality in behavior and 5HTT expression in the hippocampus to a certain degree although the expression levels of 5HTT in the corpus striatum were not altered by lutein diet. LL also induced disorders in the maternal brain with lower expression levels of 5HTT and neuregulin 1. These results indicate that LL during the perinatal periods may induce some neuronal abnormalities in both offspring and mothers that may be partially ameliorated by dietary lutein as an antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masako Yajima
- Meiji Dairies Research Chair, Creative Research Institution Sousei (CRIS), Hokkaido University, Kita-21, Nishi-10, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.
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Sen A, Marsche G, Freudenberger P, Schallert M, Toeglhofer AM, Nagl C, Schmidt R, Launer LJ, Schmidt H. Association between higher plasma lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations and longer telomere length: results of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study. J Am Geriatr Soc 2014; 62:222-9. [PMID: 24428184 PMCID: PMC4234001 DOI: 10.1111/jgs.12644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between plasma concentrations of antioxidative micronutrients and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in elderly adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. SETTING Austrian Stroke Prevention Study, a population-based cohort study on brain aging. PARTICIPANTS Individuals with a mean age of 66 ± 7 (n = 786; 58% female). MEASUREMENTS Concentrations of vitamin C, lutein, zeaxanthin, β-cryptoxanthin, canthaxanthin, lycopene, α- and γ-tocopherol, α- and β-carotene, and retinol in plasma, advanced oxidation protein products as a measure of oxidative stress in serum, and LTL were measured. Vitamins and carotenoids were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography, advanced oxidation protein products using spectrophotometry, and telomere length using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Multiple linear regression analyses with adjustment for age and sex demonstrated that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations were strongly associated with longer telomere length. The associations were independent of body mass index, maximum oxygen uptake, and vascular risk factors and were not mediated by advanced oxidation protein products content. CONCLUSION This study provides first evidence that higher lutein, zeaxanthin, and vitamin C concentrations in plasma are associated with longer LTL in normal elderly persons and suggest a protective role of these vitamins in telomere maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Sen
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Gunther Marsche
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Paul Freudenberger
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | | | - Anna M Toeglhofer
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Christoph Nagl
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Reinhold Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
| | - Lenore J Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on AgingBethesda, Maryland
| | - Helena Schmidt
- Research Unit for Genetic Epidemiology, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Center of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of GrazGraz, Austria
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Stachowiak B. Astaxanthin Synthesis by Yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and its Mutants on Media Based on Plant Extracts. Indian J Microbiol 2012; 52:654-9. [PMID: 24293726 PMCID: PMC3516669 DOI: 10.1007/s12088-012-0306-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The study evaluated the effect of media based on plant extracts: potato, carrot and barley malt broth, on growth and astaxanthin synthesis by yeast Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous DSM 5626 and its mutants. The carrot medium promoted carotenogenesis most effectively. In cultures on this medium the highest volumetric and cellular concentrations of astaxanthin were recorded for four out of five tested strains. Also the share of astaxanthin in the total carotenoids produced by the tested strains was the highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Stachowiak
- Institute of Technology of Plant Origin Food, Poznan University of Life Sciences, ul. Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland
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Vijayapadma V, Ramyaa P, Pavithra D, Krishnasamy R. Protective effect of lutein against benzo(a)pyrene-induced oxidative stress in human erythrocytes. Toxicol Ind Health 2012; 30:284-93. [PMID: 22903177 DOI: 10.1177/0748233712457439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The present study was carried out to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant properties and protective effect of lutein in human erythrocyte against benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P). It is a well-known environmental carcinogen that produces free radicals under normal metabolic circumstances. B(a)P reacts with cellular macromolecules and produces oxidation of protein, lipid and DNA. Lutein is a carotenoid possessing antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. In the present investigation, the protective effect of lutein was assessed in vitro against B(a)P-induced oxidative stress by monitoring antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation (LPO), protein carbonyl content, total sulfhydryl (SH) and nonprotein SH groups and methemoglobin in five groups of erythrocytes that include (i) control group, (ii) vehicle control group, (iii) B(a)P-exposed group, (iv) lutein-exposed group and (v) B(a)P coincubation with lutein group. It was observed that the activities of antioxidant enzymes and SH groups were significantly decreased in B(a)P-treated group when compared with control group. LPO level and protein carbonyl and methemoglobin contents were increased in B(a)P-treated group when compared with control group. The erythrocyte that was coincubated with B(a)P and lutein showed significant increase in the antioxidant enzyme activities and a significant reduction in the level of LPO, methemoglobin and protein carbonyl contents when compared with B(a)P-treated group. The results of the present investigation suggest that lutein possess protective effect against B(a)P-induced oxidative stress, possibly by combating oxidative stress by its free radical scavenging activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viswanadha Vijayapadma
- 1Department of Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Cahú TB, Santos SD, Mendes A, Córdula CR, Chavante SF, Carvalho LB, Nader HB, Bezerra RS. Recovery of protein, chitin, carotenoids and glycosaminoglycans from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) processing waste. Process Biochem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2011.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Azqueta A, Collins AR. Carotenoids and DNA damage. Mutat Res 2012; 733:4-13. [PMID: 22465157 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 03/12/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Carotenoids are among the best known antioxidant phytochemicals, and are widely believed to contribute to the health-promoting properties of fruits and vegetables. Investigations of the effects of carotenoids have been carried out at different levels: in cultured cells, in experimental animals, and in humans. Studying reports from the last 5 years, we find a clear distinction between effects of vitamin A and pro-vitamin A carotenoids (the carotenes and β-cryptoxanthin), and effects of non-vitamin A carotenoids (lycopene, lutein, astaxanthin and zeaxanthin). Whereas the latter group are almost invariably reported to protect against DNA damage, whether endogenous or induced by exogenous agents, the provitamin A carotenoids show a more varied spectrum of effects, sometimes protecting and sometimes enhancing DNA damage. The tendency to exacerbate damage is seen mainly at high concentrations, and might be accounted for by pro-oxidant actions of these carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaya Azqueta
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Toxicology, Schools of Pharmacy and Sciences, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Ohno M, Darwish WS, Ikenaka Y, Miki W, Fujita S, Ishizuka M. Astaxanthin rich crude extract of Haematococcus pluvialis induces cytochrome P450 1A1 mRNA by activating aryl hydrocarbon receptor in rat hepatoma H4IIE cells. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.07.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Dietary carotenoid lutein protects against DNA damage and alterations of the redox status induced by cisplatin in human derived HepG2 cells. Toxicol In Vitro 2011; 26:288-94. [PMID: 22138568 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2011.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 11/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Several epidemiological and experimental studies has been reported that lutein (LT) presents antioxidant properties. Aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of LT against oxidative stress and DNA damage induced by cisplatin (cDDP) in a human derived liver cell line (HepG2). Cell viability and DNA-damage was monitored by MTT and comet assays. Moreover, different biochemical parameters related to redox status (glutathione, cytochrome-c and intracellular ROS) were also evaluated. A clear DNA-damage was seen with cDDP (1.0μM) treatment. In combination with the carotenoid, reduction of DNA damage was observed after pre- and simultaneous treatment of the cells, but not when the carotenoid was added to the cells after the exposure to cDDP. Exposure of the cells to cDDP also caused significant changes of all biochemical parameters and in co-treatment of the cells with LT, the carotenoid reverted these alterations. The results indicate that cDDP induces pronounced oxidative stress in HepG2 cells that is related to DNA damage and that the supplementation with the antioxidant LT may protect these adverse effects caused by the exposure of the cells to platinum compound, which can be a good predict for chemoprevention.
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Borkowska A, Sielicka-Dudzin A, Herman-Antosiewicz A, Wozniak M, Fedeli D, Falcioni G, Antosiewicz J. Diallyl trisulfide-induced prostate cancer cell death is associated with Akt/PKB dephosphorylation mediated by P-p66shc. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:817-25. [PMID: 22020565 PMCID: PMC3456917 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0260-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose P66Shc, an isoform of adaptor proteins, is known to mediate various signals including those leading to apoptosis or cell proliferation. Previously, we have shown that diallyl trisulfide (DATS)-induced prostate cancer cell death was mediated by increased ROS formation. In this study, we investigated the role of p66Shc protein and its serine 36 phosphorylation in DATS induced decrease in prostate cancer cell viability (PC-3). Methods PC-3 prostate cancer cells were used in this study. Stable cell lines expressing p66ShcS36A or an empty vector have been obtained. Cell viability, concentration of ROS, changes in P-p66Shc and P-Akt and DNA damage were determined. Results We observed that DATS treatment increased p66Shc phosphorylation at serine 36. Importantly, the phosphorylation was abolished by JNK inhibitor SP600125. Cells expressing plasmid-encoded variant of p66ShcS36A showed much higher resistance to DATS-induced cells death. In addition to that, we observed that DATS-induced ROS formation was completely abolished in cells expressing the p66ShcS36A variant. Interestingly, SP600125 proved to prevent DATS-induced Akt inactivation. In order to confirm that the observed effect is related to phosphorylation of p66Shc, we performed experiments on a stable cell line expressing p66ShcS36A. In such cells, DATS-induced Akt dephosphorylation was significantly reduced. On the other hand, hydrogen peroxide induced Akt activation in PC-3 cells, which was abrogated in cells expressing p66ShcS36A. Conclusions Our results uncover a novel signaling pathway with p66Shc being indispensable for DATS-induced inactivation of Akt due to hypophosphorylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andzelika Borkowska
- Department of Bioenergetics and Physiology of Exercise, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 1, 80-211, Gdańsk, Poland
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McCarty MF. Full-spectrum antioxidant therapy featuring astaxanthin coupled with lipoprivic strategies and salsalate for management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Med Hypotheses 2011; 77:550-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.06.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/09/2011] [Accepted: 06/12/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Impact of JNK1, JNK2, and ligase Itch on reactive oxygen species formation and survival of prostate cancer cells treated with diallyl trisulfide. Eur J Nutr 2011; 51:573-81. [PMID: 21863240 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0241-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 08/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In our previous study, we demonstrated that diallyl trisulfide (DATS) induced iron-dependent G2-M arrest of prostate cancer cell cycle. Moreover, ferritin degradation and an increase of labile iron pool has been linked to the activation of the JNK signaling axis. In the present work, we extended this study to determine which of the c-jun kinases is responsible for ferritin degradation and the role of iron in DATS-induced cell death. We hypothesized that JNK1 activates Itch ligase which will lead to ferritin ubiquitination, an increase in iron-dependent ROS formation and cell death. METHODS PC-3 prostate cancer cells were used in this study. Cell viability, concentration of ROS, labile iron pool, and changes in ferritin and P-Itch and DNA damage were determined. RESULTS We observed that DATS induced ferritin degradation through JNK, Itch signaling axis. DATS did not induce neither ROS formation nor increase the LIP in JNK1-DN transfected cells. We also observed that DATS increased JNK-dependent activating phosphorylation of E3ligase Itch. The cells transfected with inactive form of Itch were more resistant against cytotoxicity of DATS and showed lower DATS-induced ferritin degradation. Desferrioxamine a specific iron chelator had no effect neither on cell viability nor DNA damage evaluated by comet assay. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that JNK1-dependent increase in LIP is mediated by Itch ubiquitin ligase.
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Astaxanthin can alter CYP1A-dependent activities via two different mechanisms: Induction of protein expression and inhibition of NADPH P450 reductase dependent electron transfer. Food Chem Toxicol 2011; 49:1285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2011.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2010] [Revised: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Scarpato R, Gambacciani C, Svezia B, Chimenti D, Turchi G. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity studies of two free-radical generators (AAPH and SIN-1) in human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) and human peripheral lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2011; 722:69-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2011.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 03/16/2011] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Guedes AC, Amaro HM, Malcata FX. Microalgae as sources of high added-value compounds-a brief review of recent work. Biotechnol Prog 2011; 27:597-613. [DOI: 10.1002/btpr.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Revised: 12/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Moser B, Szekeres T, Bieglmayer C, Wagner KH, Mišík M, Kundi M, Zakerska O, Nersesyan A, Kager N, Zahrl J, Hoelzl C, Ehrlich V, Knasmueller S. Impact of spinach consumption on DNA stability in peripheral lymphocytes and on biochemical blood parameters: results of a human intervention trial. Eur J Nutr 2011; 50:587-94. [PMID: 21384253 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-011-0167-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A controlled intervention trial was conducted to assess the impact of spinach consumption on DNA stability in lymphocytes and on health-related biochemical parameters. METHODS The participants (n = 8) consumed homogenised spinach (225 g/day/person) over a period of 16 days. DNA migration was monitored in single cell gel electrophoresis-comet assays under standard conditions, which reflect single- and double-strand breaks, after treatment of nuclei with lesion-specific enzymes (formamidopyrimidine glycosylase, FPG and endonuclease III, ENDO III) and after treatment of intact cells with H(2)O(2) before, during and after intervention. RESULTS While no reduction in DNA damage was observed under standard conditions after different time intervals of spinach intake, other endpoints, namely ROS sensitivity and DNA migration attributable to the formation of oxidatively damaged DNA bases (i.e. pyrimidines-ENDO III-sensitive sites and purines-FPG sensitive sites) were reduced 6 h after consumption of the first portion and after 11 days of continuous consumption. In the case of ENDO III-sensitive sites, also after 16 days, a decrease in comet formation was observed. At the end of a 40 days washout period, the DNA stability parameters were not significantly different from the background values. Other biochemical parameters which were significantly altered by spinach intake were the folate (+27%) and homocysteine (-16%) concentrations in blood, and it was found in an earlier human study that folate may prevent oxidative damage to DNA bases. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our results show that moderate consumption of spinach causes protection against oxidative DNA damage in humans and that this phenomenon is paralleled by alterations of health-related biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate Moser
- Institute of Cancer Research, Internal Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, Borschkegasse 8a, 1090, Vienna, Austria
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Abstract
Astaxanthin, a carotenoid belonging to the xanthophyll class, has stirred great interest due to its antioxidant capacity and its possible role in reducing the risk of some diseases. Astaxanthin occurs naturally in microalgae, such as Haematococcus pluvialis and the yeast Phaffia rhodozyma, and has also been considered to be the major carotenoid in salmon and crustaceans. Shrimp processing waste, which is generally discarded, is also an important source of astaxanthin. The antioxidant activity of astaxanthin has been observed to modulate biological functions related to lipid peroxidation, having beneficial effects on chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, macular degeneration and cancer. Researches have shown that both astaxanthin obtained from natural sources and its synthetic counterpart produce satisfactory effects, but studies in humans are limited to natural sources. There is no established nutritional recommendation regarding astaxanthin daily intake but most studies reported beneficial results from a daily intake of 4mg. Thus, this review discusses some aspects of the carotenoid astaxanthin, highlighting its chemical structure and antioxidant activity, and some studies that report its use in humans.
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Moyano MJ, Heredia FJ, Meléndez-Martínez AJ. The Color of Olive Oils: The Pigments and Their Likely Health Benefits and Visual and Instrumental Methods of Analysis. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2010; 9:278-291. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1541-4337.2010.00109.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Bioactivity of ellagic acid-, lutein- or sesamol-enriched meat patties assessed using an in vitro digestion and Caco-2 cell model system. Food Res Int 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2009.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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McCarty MF, Barroso-Aranda J, Contreras F. High-dose folate and dietary purines promote scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals – Clinical potential in inflammatory disorders. Med Hypotheses 2009; 73:824-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.09.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 09/12/2008] [Accepted: 09/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Palozza P, Torelli C, Boninsegna A, Simone R, Catalano A, Mele MC, Picci N. Growth-inhibitory effects of the astaxanthin-rich alga Haematococcus pluvialis in human colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett 2009; 283:108-17. [PMID: 19423215 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2009.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2008] [Revised: 03/17/2009] [Accepted: 03/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The growth-inhibitory effects of the astaxanthin-rich Haematococcus pluvialis were studied in HCT-116 colon cancer cells. H. pluvialis extract (5-25 microg/ml) inhibited cell growth in a dose- and time-dependent manner, by arresting cell cycle progression and by promoting apoptosis. At 25 microg/ml of H. pluvialis extract, an increase of p53, p21(WAF-1/CIP-1) and p27 expression (220%, 160%, 250%, respectively) was observed, concomitantly with a decrease of cyclin D1 expression (58%) and AKT phosphorylation (21%). Moreover, the extract, at the same concentration, strongly up-regulated apoptosis by modifying the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and Bcl-XL, and increased the phosphorylation of p38, JNK, and ERK1/2 by 160%, 242%, 280%, respectively. Growth-inhibitory effects by H. pluvialis were also observed in HT-29, LS-174, WiDr, SW-480 cells. This study suggests that H. pluvialis may protect from colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Palozza
- Institute of General Pathology, Catholic University School of Medicine, L. Go F. Vito, 1 00168 Rome, Italy.
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Heo SJ, Jeon YJ. Protective effect of fucoxanthin isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum on UV-B induced cell damage. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY. B, BIOLOGY 2009; 95:101-7. [PMID: 19264501 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2008.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2008] [Revised: 11/03/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is a carotenoid isolated from Sargassum siliquastrum and is considered to be one of major active compound of marine algae. In this study, we investigated and confirmed the protective effect of fucoxanthin on UV-B induced cell injury in human fibroblast via 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), and comet assays. Intracellular ROS generated by exposure to UV-B radiation, which was significantly decreased by addition with various concentrations of fucoxanthin. Cell survival rate was increased with fucoxanthin pre-treated cells, which was reached around 81.47% at 100 microM, and the inhibitory effect of cell damage exhibited dose-dependent manner. Moreover, fucoxanthin having protective properties was demonstrated via Hoechst 33342/PI staining. Hence, on the basis of the above-mentioned studies, fucoxanthin has the ability to protect against oxidative stress induced by UV-B radiation and which might be applied to antioxidant and cosmeceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soo-Jin Heo
- Marine Living Resources Research Department, Korea Ocean Research & Development Institute, Ansan 426-744, South Korea
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Tachaprutinun A, Udomsup T, Luadthong C, Wanichwecharungruang S. Preventing the thermal degradation of astaxanthin through nanoencapsulation. Int J Pharm 2009; 374:119-24. [PMID: 19446768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2008] [Revised: 03/01/2009] [Accepted: 03/03/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The encapsulation of astaxanthin into polymeric nanospheres by solvent displacement was compared for three chemically diverse polymers, namely; poly(ethylene oxide)-4-methoxycinnamoylphthaloylchitosan (PCPLC), poly(vinylalcohol-co-vinyl-4-methoxycinnamate) (PB4) and ethylcellulose (EC). Although capable of forming nanospheres themselves, EC could not encapsulate astaxanthin at all, whilst PB4 yielded a poor encapsulation efficiency. In contrast, PCPLC yielded reasonably good encapsulation efficiency (98%) at a loading of 40% (w/w). Moreover, the freeze-dried astaxanthin-encapsulated PCPLC nanospheres showed good dispersibility in water yielding stable aqueous suspensions of 300-320 nm nanoparticles. A steady release of astaxanthin from the nanospheres up to a maximum of approximately 85% payload over 60 min was also demonstrated, at least in acetone. NMR analysis indicated that after a two-hour-heating at 70 degrees C in an aqueous environment, PCPLC nanoencapsulated astaxanthin showed minimal heat degradation of olefinic functionality in contrast to that of the unencapsulated pigment molecules which were almost completely destroyed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amornset Tachaprutinun
- Sensor Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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O'Sullivan L, Ryan L, Aherne SA, O'Brien NM. Cellular transport of lutein is greater from uncooked rather than cooked spinach irrespective of whether it is fresh, frozen, or canned. Nutr Res 2008; 28:532-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2008.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2008] [Revised: 05/26/2008] [Accepted: 05/28/2008] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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