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Dallaspezia S, Cardaci V, Mazza MG, De Lorenzo R, Rovere Querini P, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Higher Seasonal Variation of Systemic Inflammation in Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4310. [PMID: 38673894 PMCID: PMC11049938 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25084310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Seasonal rhythms affect the immune system. Evidence supports the involvement of immuno-inflammatory mechanisms in bipolar disorder (BD), with the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and the systemic immune-inflammatory index (SII; platelets × neutrophils/lymphocytes) consistently reported to be higher in patients with BD than in HC, but seasonal rhythms of innate and adaptive immunity have never been studied. We retrospectively studied NLR and SII in 824 participants divided into three groups: 321 consecutively admitted inpatients affected by a major depressive episode in course of BD, and 255 consecutively admitted inpatients affected by obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; positive psychiatric control), and 248 healthy controls (HC). Patients with BD showed markedly higher markers of systemic inflammation in autumn and winter, but not in spring and summer, in respect to both HC and patients with OCD, thus suggesting a specific effect of season on inflammatory markers in BD, independent of a shared hospital setting and drug treatment. Given that systemic inflammation is emerging as a new marker and as target for treatment in depressive disorders, we suggest that seasonal rhythms should be considered for tailoring antidepressant immuno-modulatory treatments in a precision medicine approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Dallaspezia
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Cardaci
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (V.C.); (P.R.Q.); (C.C.)
| | - Mario Gennaro Mazza
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (M.G.M.)
| | - Rebecca De Lorenzo
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Patrizia Rovere Querini
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (V.C.); (P.R.Q.); (C.C.)
- Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (V.C.); (P.R.Q.); (C.C.)
- Mood Disorders Unit, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (S.D.); (M.G.M.)
- Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, 20132 Milano, Italy; (V.C.); (P.R.Q.); (C.C.)
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Rastogi S, Haldar C. Seasonal plasticity in immunocompetent cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α), myeloid progenitor cell (CFU-GM) proliferation, and LPS-induced oxido-inflammatory aberrations in a tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti: role of melatonin. Cell Stress Chaperones 2023; 28:567-582. [PMID: 36542205 PMCID: PMC10469145 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-022-01313-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In seasonal breeders, photoperiods regulate the levels of circulatory melatonin, a well-known immunomodulator and an antioxidant. Melatonin is known to play a complex physiological role in maintaining the immune homeostasis by affecting cytokine production in immunocompetent cells. In this study, we have quantified seasonal and temporal variations in immunocompetent cytokines-IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α-and circulatory corticosterone along with in- vitro proliferation of bone marrow-derived granulocyte macrophage-colony forming unit (CFU-GM) progenitor cells of a tropical seasonal breeder Funambulus pennanti (northern palm squirrel). Transient variations in antioxidant status of seasonal breeders might be due to the fluctuations associated with immunity and inflammation. Further, to establish a direct immunomodulatory effect of photoperiod, we recorded the LPS-induced oxidative and inflammatory responses of squirrels by housing them in artificial photoperiodic chambers mimicking summer and winter seasons respectively. We observed a marked variation in cytokines level, melatonin, and corticosterone , and CFU-GM cell proliferation during summer and winter seasons. High Peripheral melatonin levels directly correlated with cytokine IL-2 levels, and inversely correlated with TNF-α, and circulatory corticosterone level. LPS-challenged squirrels housed in short photoperiod (10L:14D; equivalent to winter days) showed a marked reduction in the components of the inflammatory cascade, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, NOx, NF-κB, Cox-2, and PGES, with an overall improvement in antioxidant status when compared to squirrels maintained under a long photoperiod (16L:8D; equivalent to summer days). Our results underline the impact of seasonality, photoperiod, and melatonin in maintaining an intrinsic redox-immune homeostasis which helps the animal to withstand environmental stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Rastogi
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
- Present address: NCI-NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Pineal Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Horodincu L, Solcan C. Influence of Different Light Spectra on Melatonin Synthesis by the Pineal Gland and Influence on the Immune System in Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2095. [PMID: 37443893 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the pineal gland in birds influences behavioural and physiological functions, including those of the immune system. The purpose of this research is to examine the endocrine-immune correlations between melatonin and immune system activity. Through a description of the immune-pineal axis, we formulated the objective to determine and describe: the development of the pineal gland; how light influences secretory activity; and how melatonin influences the activity of primary and secondary lymphoid organs. The pineal gland has the ability to turn light information into an endocrine signal suitable for the immune system via the membrane receptors Mel1a, Mel1b, and Mel1c, as well as the nuclear receptors RORα, RORβ, and RORγ. We can state the following findings: green monochromatic light (560 nm) increased serum melatonin levels and promoted a stronger humoral and cellular immune response by proliferating B and T lymphocytes; the combination of green and blue monochromatic light (560-480 nm) ameliorated the inflammatory response and protected lymphoid organs from oxidative stress; and red monochromatic light (660 nm) maintained the inflammatory response and promoted the growth of pathogenic bacteria. Melatonin can be considered a potent antioxidant and immunomodulator and is a critical element in the coordination between external light stimulation and the body's internal response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Horodincu
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Preclinics Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" Iasi University of Life Sciences, Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700489 Iasi, Romania
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Zhang C, Xu L, Endo M, Kahyo T, Kikushima K, Horikawa M, Murakami M, Waliullah A, Hasan M, Sakamoto T, Takahashi Y, Aramaki S, Ozawa T, Setou M. Blue light alters cellular lipidome—Light-induced lipidomic changes can be modulated by optogenetically engineered cPLA2α. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Intermittent Lighting Program Relieves the Deleterious Effect of Heat Stress on Growth, Stress Biomarkers, Physiological Status, and Immune Response of Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12141834. [PMID: 35883381 PMCID: PMC9311685 DOI: 10.3390/ani12141834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Chronic heat stress remains the most detrimental factor for broiler productivity in hot and desert regions. The manipulation of the lighting program is a useful and inexpensive tool to alleviate the negative effects of heat stress on broiler performance. The present study aimed to investigate the beneficial effects of an intermittent lighting (I.L.) program consisting of repeated periods of 1 h light to 3 h dark during a day on broiler performance under chronic heat-stress conditions. The results indicate that applying the I.L. program to heat-stressed broilers relieved the stress indicators and improved the immune response, physiological status, and growth performance of broilers. Therefore, the application of the I.L. program could be used as a beneficial strategy to recover broiler performance during heat-stress conditions. Abstract The effects of heat stress on broiler performance and immunological response were explored using lighting-program manipulation as a potential tool. The study included 200 Cobb500 broiler chicks that were one day old at the time of recruitment. The birds were divided into four-compartment groups with similar environments (five cages per compartment, ten chicks per cage). Starting from the fourth day of age, birds of two compartments received a continuous lighting program (23L:1D a day; C.L. groups) while birds of the other two compartments received an intermittent lighting program (1L:3D 6 times per day; I.L. groups). Within each lighting program during 22–42 d of age, one group was subjected either to a thermoneutral temperature at 24 °C or heat stress at 35 °C. The results reveal that stress biomarkers, especially the plasma concentrations of corticosterone (CORT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were relieved by 46%, 27%, and 51%, respectively, in the I.L. treatment groups compared to the C.L. program in broiler chicks subjected to heat stress. The liver function was also improved by 24% and 32% in AST and ALT levels, respectively, in the I.L. program compared to the C.L. program in stressed birds. Furthermore, the I.L. program positively influenced the immune response of the heat-stressed broilers. Eventually, the I.L. program increased the heat-stressed broilers’ body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. It can be concluded that applying the I.L. program to broiler chickens can effectively improve their physiological balance and growth performance under heat-stress conditions.
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Liu K, Liu L, Tai M, Ding Q, Yao W, Shen M. Light from heat lamps affects sow behaviour and piglet salivary melatonin levels. Animal 2022; 16:100534. [PMID: 35561486 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2022.100534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The light environment regulates animal physiology and behaviour. As widely used supplementary heat sources in creep areas, the effect of visible light radiated by infrared heat lamps on pigs is worth investigating. To investigate the effects of light from heat lamps on the behaviour of sows and piglets and possible endocrine mechanisms, 24 primiparous sows were randomly assigned to three supplementary heat source treatments: (1) 250 W non-luminous ceramic heat lamps (CE, n = 8), (2) 175 W red heat lamps (RL, n = 8), and (3) 175 W transparent heat lamps (TL, n = 8). All heat lamps were turned off on Day 15 postpartum. Piglets were weighed on days 3 and 21 postpartum. The number and duration of suckling within 24 h were analysed via video recordings on days 4, 8, and 16 postpartum. Sow posture changes during the day and night were detected using the YOLOv4 target detection network model. One marked piglet from six litters randomly selected from each treatment was used for saliva collection. Saliva samples were collected at 0800, 1400, 2000, and 0200 (+1 d) on days 10 and 20 postpartum. The results showed that the mean postural change frequency of TL sows was higher than that of CE sows (P < 0.05), while that of RL sows was not different from that of CE and TL sows. However, the duration of the sows being in each posture was not affected by the treatment. The total suckling duration of TL piglets was significantly longer than that of CE piglets, but there was no significant difference in the performance of the piglets. The melatonin concentrations in the saliva of piglets at 10 and 20 days of age in the three treatments showed different diurnal rhythms, but there was no significant difference in the levels of melatonin in TL piglets between night and day. Differences in salivary cortisol levels only appeared between the CE and RL groups at 20 days of age. Based on the present results, the illuminance and spectrum of the transparent heat lamps were sufficient to stimulate sow activity and inhibit melatonin levels in piglets. However, the stimulating effect on suckling was not sufficient to significantly improve the performance of piglets. Exposure to red heat lamps, rather than ceramic lamps, resulted in the strongest circadian rhythm of salivary melatonin in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Smart Animal Husbandry Equipment Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Longshen Liu
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Smart Animal Husbandry Equipment Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Meng Tai
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Smart Animal Husbandry Equipment Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Qi'an Ding
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Smart Animal Husbandry Equipment Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
| | - Wen Yao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Smart Animal Husbandry Equipment Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China.
| | - Mingxia Shen
- College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China; Jiangsu Smart Animal Husbandry Equipment Technology Innovation Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210031, China
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Topical Melatonin Exerts Immunomodulatory Effect and Improves Dermatitis Severity in a Mouse Model of Atopic Dermatitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031373. [PMID: 35163297 PMCID: PMC8835891 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral melatonin supplement has been shown to improve dermatitis severity in children with AD, but the mechanism of the effect is unclear, and it is uncertain whether melatonin has a direct immunomodulatory effect on the dermatitis. Topical melatonin treatment was applied to DNCB-stimulated Balb/c mice, and gross and pathological skin findings, serum IgE, and cytokine levels in superficial lymph nodes were analyzed. Secretion of chemokines and cell proliferative response after melatonin treatment in human keratinocyte HaCaT cells were also studied. We found that in DNCB-stimulated Balb/c mice, topical melatonin treatment improved gross dermatitis severity, reduced epidermal hyperplasia and lymphocyte infiltration in the skin, and decreased IP-10, CCL27, IL-4, and IL-17 levels in superficial skin-draining lymph nodes. Melatonin also reduced cytokine-induced secretion of AD-related chemokines IP-10 and MCP-1 and decreased IL-4-induced cell proliferation in HaCaT cells. Melatonin seems to have an immunomodulatory effect on AD, with IP-10 as a possible target, and topical melatonin treatment is a potentially useful treatment for patients with AD.
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8
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Wang W, Gao J. Effects of melatonin on protecting against lung injury (Review). Exp Ther Med 2021; 21:228. [PMID: 33603837 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2021.9659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Melatonin (MT; N-acetyl-5-methoxy-tryptamine), which has multiple effects and roles, is secreted from the pineal gland at night according to the daily rhythm. In addition to circadian regulation, MT has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer functions. Recent studies postulated that MT serves a critical role in apoptosis, anti-ischemic reperfusion injury and anti-proliferative effects on various cells. The current review reported on the underlying mechanism behind the protective effect of MT on lung diseases, such as acute lung injury, acute respiratory distress syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung ischemia-reperfusion injury, sepsis-induced lung injury and ventilator-induced lung injury. MT is considered an adjuvant with therapeutic drugs for preventing inflammation and is responsible for regulating patient sleep cycles in the intensive care unit. The current review described the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant efficiency of MT with a focus on the molecular mechanisms of action in various lung injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
| | - Ju Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Clinical Medical College of Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225001, P.R. China
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9
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Annamneedi VP, Park JW, Lee GS, Kang TJ. Cell Autonomous Circadian Systems and Their Relation to Inflammation. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2021; 29:31-40. [PMID: 33372167 PMCID: PMC7771839 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2020.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
All living beings on earth have an important mechanism of 24-h periodicity, which controls their physiology, metabolism, and behavior. In humans, 24-h periodicity is regulated by the superchiasmatic nucleus (SCN) through external and environmental cues. Peripheral organs demonstrate circadian rhythms and circadian clock functions, and these are also observed in cultured cell lines. Every cell contains a CLOCK: BMAL1 loop for the generation of circadian rhythms. In this review, we focused on cell autonomous circadian rhythms in immune cells, the inflammatory diseases caused by disruption of circadian rhythms in hormones, and the role of clock genes in inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkata Prakash Annamneedi
- Convergence Research Center, Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Disease, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Woo Park
- Convergence Research Center, Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Disease, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Seon Lee
- Department of Counseling and Psychology, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Jin Kang
- Convergence Research Center, Department of Pharmacy and Institute of Chronic Disease, Sahmyook University, Seoul 01795, Republic of Korea
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10
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Ivankiv YI, Oleshchuk OM. Immunomodulatory effect of melatonin supplementation in experimental diabetes. PHARMACIA 2020. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.67.e55437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the effect of melatonin on the immunomodulatory response in experimental type 1 and 2 diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Experiments were performed on male rats (180–200 g), purchased from the Experimental Animal Holding,. Animals were maintained in standard diet conditions. Two pathological states were simulated on male rats: experimental type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Melatonin was introduced from 14 to 23 days of experiment intraperitoneally. Levels of immunoglobulin classes A, M and G (Ig A, M, G), circulating immune complexes (CIC), interleukin 1β (EE), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF-a) were measured.
Results: We demonstrated that melatonin in case of immune hyperactivity, can, provide a suppressive effect and is able to enhance immune reactivity under conditions of its limitation, indicating the immunostimulating activity. Furthermore, we found that administration of melatonin decreased inflammatory responses by mediating the levels of immunomodulatory factors, including TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6.
Conclusion: Melatonin is a positive regulator of immune system, may be a potential therapeutic agent, it has no reported side effects.
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Melatonin mediates monochromatic light-induced proliferation of T/B lymphocytes in the spleen via the membrane receptor or nuclear receptor. Poult Sci 2020; 99:4294-4302. [PMID: 32867973 PMCID: PMC7598018 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Our studies found that melatonin mediates the monochromatic light–induced lymphocyte proliferation in chickens. However, melatonin receptor subtypes contain membrane receptor (Mel1a/Mel1b/Mel1c) and nuclear receptor (Retinoic acid receptor–related orphan receptor [ROR] α/RORβ/RORγ) and are characteristic with cell specificity. This study compared receptor pathway of melatonin, which mediated the monochromatic light–induced T/B lymphocyte proliferations in chickens. Newly hatched chicks were randomly divided into white light, red light, green light (GL), and blue light groups. Green light promoted the membrane receptor expression in the spleen but decreased the nuclear receptor level compared with that of red light. These changes were accompanied by increase of T/B lymphocyte proliferation and plasma melatonin level under GL. Pinealectomy reversed aforementioned changes and resulted in no differences among the light-treated groups. Supplementation of exogenous melatonin enhanced GL-induced T/B lymphocyte proliferation in the spleen but was reversed by Mel1c antagonist prazosin and RORα agonist SR1078 and enhanced by RORα antagonist SR3335. However, Mel1b antagonist 4P-PDOT and RORγ antagonist GSK increased the stimulation effect of melatonin on GL-induced T lymphocyte proliferation but no effect on the B-lymphocyte proliferation. These results indicate that melatonin promotes the GL-induced T lymphocyte proliferation through Mel1b, Mel1c, and RORα/RORγ; however, the Mel1a, Mel1c, and RORα may be involved in the B lymphocyte proliferation.
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Arndtsen C, Ballon J, Blackshear K, Corbett CB, Lee K, Peyer J, Holloway KS, Duncan KA. Atypical gene expression of neuroinflammatory and steroid related genes following injury in the photoperiodic Japanese quail. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2020; 288:113361. [PMID: 31830471 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2019.113361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Arndtsen
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Jason Ballon
- Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Katie Blackshear
- Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Cali B Corbett
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Kenneth Lee
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Jordan Peyer
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Kevin S Holloway
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA; Psychological Science, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA
| | - Kelli A Duncan
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavior, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA; Department of Biology, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, NY 12604, USA.
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Effect of Light–Dark Cycle on Skin Mucosal Immune Activities of Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata) and European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). FISHES 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/fishes5010010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes in different immune activities in the skin mucus of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) and European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) specimens exposed to a constant light–dark photoperiod (12 h L:12 h D) were studied. Samples were collected at 08:00 (light on), 14:00, 20:00 (light off), 02:00, and again at 08:00 to determine immunoglobulin M (IgM) levels, several enzymes related to the immune system, and bactericidal activity. IgM levels were higher during the day in seabream and reached a minimum value at 20:00, but it was hardly affected in sea bass. No significant variations were recorded in the levels of protease and antiprotease. Peroxidase reached its maximum level in seabream at 02:00, the same time that it reached its minimum level in sea bass. Lysozyme showed little variation in seabream, but it was significantly lower at 14:00 than during the rest of the cycle in sea bass. Finally, different interspecific variations on bactericidal activity against Vibrio harveyi were recorded. The findings demonstrate that the immune parameters present in skin mucus of these important fish species are affected by the light–dark cycle and that there are substantial interspecies differences.
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14
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Griepentrog JE, Zhang X, Lewis AJ, Gianfrate G, Labiner HE, Zou B, Xiong Z, Lee JS, Rosengart MR. Frontline Science: Rev-Erbα links blue light with enhanced bacterial clearance and improved survival in murine Klebsiella pneumoniae pneumonia. J Leukoc Biol 2019; 107:11-25. [PMID: 31379019 DOI: 10.1002/jlb.4hi0519-155r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The wavelength of light is a critical determinant of light's capacity to entrain adaptive biological mechanisms, such as enhanced immune surveillance, that precede and prepare us for the active circadian day, a time when the risk of encountering pathogen is highest. Light rich in the shorter wavelength visible blue spectrum maximally entrains these circadian rhythms. We hypothesized that exposure to blue light during sepsis will augment immunity and improve outcome. Using a clinically relevant Klebsiella pneumoniae acute lower respiratory tract infection model, we show that blue spectrum light shifts autonomic tone toward parasympathetic predominance and enhances immune competence, as characterized by accelerated pathogen clearance that is accompanied by reduced alveolar neutrophil influx, inflammation, and improved survival. Blue light functioned through an optic-cholinergic pathway and expansion of splenic Ccr2+ monocytes to increase control of the infection and improve survival. The "keystone" mediating these effects is the circadian clock protein Rev-Erbα, and biochemical activation with Rev-Erbα agonist SR9009 enhanced mononuclear cell phagocytosis in vitro and recapitulated the enhanced pathogen elimination in vivo observed with blue light. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic value of blue light and modulating Rev-Erbα to enhance host immunity against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- John E Griepentrog
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Anthony J Lewis
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Hanna E Labiner
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Baobo Zou
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Janet S Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Department of Medicine, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew R Rosengart
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Mel1c Mediated Monochromatic Light-Stimulated IGF-I Synthesis through the Intracellular G αq/PKC/ERK Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071682. [PMID: 30987295 PMCID: PMC6480035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that monochromatic light affects plasma melatonin (MEL) levels, which in turn regulates hepatic insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) secretion via the Mel1c receptor. However, the intracellular signaling pathway initiated by Mel1c remains unclear. In this study, newly hatched broilers, including intact, sham operation, and pinealectomy groups, were exposed to either white (WL), red (RL), green (GL), or blue (BL) light for 14 days. Experiments in vivo showed that GL significantly promoted plasma MEL formation, which was accompanied by an increase in the MEL receptor, Mel1c, as well as phosphorylated extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK1/2), and IGF-I expression in the liver, compared to the other light-treated groups. In contrast, this GL stimulation was attenuated by pinealectomy. Exogenous MEL elevated the hepatocellular IGF-I level, which is consistent with increases in cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), Gαq, phosphorylated protein kinase C (p-PKC), and p-ERK1/2 expression. However, the Mel1c selective antagonist prazosin suppressed the MEL-induced expression of IGF-I, Gαq, p-PKC, and p-ERK1/2, while the cAMP concentration was barely affected. In addition, pretreatment with Ym254890 (a Gαq inhibitor), Go9863 (a PKC inhibitor), and PD98059 (an ERK1/2 inhibitor) markedly attenuated MEL-stimulated IGF-I expression and p-ERK1/2 activity. These results indicate that Mel1c mediates monochromatic GL-stimulated IGF-I synthesis through intracellular Gαq/PKC/ERK signaling.
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Taghavi Ardakani A, Farrehi M, Sharif MR, Ostadmohammadi V, Mirhosseini N, Kheirkhah D, Moosavi SGA, Behnejad M, Reiter RJ, Asemi Z. The effects of melatonin administration on disease severity and sleep quality in children with atopic dermatitis: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2018; 29:834-840. [PMID: 30160043 DOI: 10.1111/pai.12978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2018] [Revised: 08/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this clinical trial was to determine the effects of melatonin administration on disease severity and sleep quality in children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was conducted by recruiting 70 patients, aged 6-12 years, who had been diagnosed with AD. Study participants were randomly allocated into two intervention groups to receive either 6 mg/d melatonin supplements or placebo (n = 35 each group) for 6 weeks. Severity of disease was assessed using the scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD) and objective SCORAD indices. Sleep quality was evaluated by completing the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). RESULTS Following 6 weeks of intervention, melatonin supplementation significantly improved SCORAD index (β -3.55; 95% CI, -6.11, -0.98; P = 0.007), objective SCORAD index (β -3.23; 95% CI, -5.08, -1.38; P = 0.001), serum total IgE levels (β -153.94 ku/L; 95% CI, -260.39, -47.49; P = 0.005), and CSHQ scores (β -2.55; 95% CI, -4.34, -0.75; P = 0.006). However, melatonin had no significant impact on pruritus scores, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), sleep-onset latency, total sleep time, weight, and BMI compared with placebo. CONCLUSIONS Overall, melatonin supplementation had beneficial effects on disease severity, serum total IgE levels, and CSHQ among children diagnosed with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbas Taghavi Ardakani
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Maryam Farrehi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Sharif
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Vahidreza Ostadmohammadi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | | | - Davood Kheirkhah
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Gholam Abbas Moosavi
- Department of Statistics and Public Health, Faculty of Health, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Milad Behnejad
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, UT Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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Wojtulewicz K, Tomaszewska-Zaremba D, Krawczyńska A, Tomczyk M, Przemysław Herman A. The effect of inflammation on the synthesis of luteinizing hormone and gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor expression in the pars tuberalis of ewe during different photoperiodic conditions. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2017-0121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to determine the effect of endotoxin-induced inflammation on luteinizing hormone (LH) synthesis and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor expression in the pars tuberalis (PT) of ewes during anestrous season and follicular phase taking into account the time of the day. Moreover, the effect of inflammation on the release of melatonin and its type I receptor gene expression in the PT was also determined. Lipopolysaccharide administration reduced nocturnal release of melatonin only during anestrous season, but it did not influence the gene expression of melatonin type I receptor in the PT. Inflammation inhibited nocturnal increase in the gene and protein expression of LH in the PT during the follicular phase. Since in day-active species nocturnal accumulation of LH protein in the pituitary precedes the LH surge, this lowering of LH content may delay or disturb the surge occurrence. Suppression of LH secretion could have resulted from the decreased sensitivity of the PT on the action of GnRH because inflammation reduced GnRH receptor expression. The study suggests that the ability of endotoxin to suppress LH synthesis in the PT may be another mechanism by which inflammation disturbs reproductive neuroendocrine axis in seasonal breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wojtulewicz
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
| | - Dorota Tomaszewska-Zaremba
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
| | - Agata Krawczyńska
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
| | - Monika Tomczyk
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
| | - Andrzej Przemysław Herman
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
- The Kielanowski Institute of Animal Physiology and Nutrition, Polish Academy of Sciences, Instytucka 3 Street, Jabłonna 05-110, Poland
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18
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Lewis AJ, Zhang X, Griepentrog JE, Yuan D, Collage RD, Waltz PK, Angus DC, Zuckerbraun BS, Rosengart MR. Blue Light Enhances Bacterial Clearance and Reduces Organ Injury During Sepsis. Crit Care Med 2018; 46:e779-e787. [PMID: 29727369 PMCID: PMC6045458 DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000003190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The physiology of nearly all mammalian organisms are entrained by light and exhibit circadian rhythm. The data derived from animal studies show that light influences immunity, and these neurophysiologic pathways are maximally entrained by the blue spectrum. Here, we hypothesize that bright blue light reduces acute kidney injury by comparison with either bright red or standard, white fluorescent light in mice subjected to sepsis. To further translational relevance, we performed a pilot clinical trial of blue light therapy in human subjects with appendicitis. DESIGN Laboratory animal research, pilot human feasibility trial. SETTING University basic science laboratory and tertiary care hospital. SUBJECTS Male C57BL/6J mice, adult (> 17 yr) patients with acute appendicitis. INTERVENTIONS Mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture and were randomly assigned to a 24-hour photoperiod of bright blue, bright red, or ambient white fluorescent light. Subjects with appendicitis were randomized to receive postoperatively standard care or standard care plus high-illuminance blue light. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Exposure to bright blue light enhanced bacterial clearance from the peritoneum, reduced bacteremia and systemic inflammation, and attenuated the degree of acute kidney injury. The mechanism involved an elevation in cholinergic tone that augmented tissue expression of the nuclear orphan receptor REV-ERBα and occurred independent of alterations in melatonin or corticosterone concentrations. Clinically, exposure to blue light after appendectomy was feasible and reduced serum interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 concentrations. CONCLUSIONS Modifying the spectrum of light may offer therapeutic utility in sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Lewis
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Xianghong Zhang
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - John E. Griepentrog
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Du Yuan
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Richard D. Collage
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Paul K. Waltz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Derek C. Angus
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15261
| | - Brian S. Zuckerbraun
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
| | - Matthew R. Rosengart
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 200 Lothrop Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15213
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, 3550 Terrace Street, Pittsburgh, PA, USA 15261
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19
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Abstract
Atopic dermatitis is a chronic, pruritic inflammatory disease that often disrupts sleep in severely affected children, but there are limited studies to guide clinical management of these sleep problems. Disease control is crucial in improving sleep, but additional sleep aids may sometimes be helpful in decreasing scratching during the night. This review discusses the benefits and limitations of potential therapeutic agents available to manage sleep disturbances in children with atopic dermatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devika Patel
- Department of Dermatology, Palo Alto Medical Foundation, Dublin, CA, USA
| | | | - Tor Shwayder
- Department of Dermatology, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
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20
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Vaughn AR, Clark AK, Sivamani RK, Shi VY. Circadian rhythm in atopic dermatitis-Pathophysiology and implications for chronotherapy. Pediatr Dermatol 2018; 35:152-157. [PMID: 29231268 DOI: 10.1111/pde.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm is a biological clock that controls a wide range of physiological functions throughout the body, including various skin functions. A 24-h diurnal cycle, governed by an endogenous clock in the brain, largely controls cutaneous diurnal rhythm, which external factors, including temperature, humidity, diet, and stress, also modulate locally. Circadian rhythm influences cutaneous blood flow and properties of skin barrier function, such as transepidermal water loss and capacitance, and has important implications in atopic dermatitis (AD). This review explores how aberrations in circadian rhythm may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD and proposes implementation of chronotherapy to improve treatment outcomes in patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra R Vaughn
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,College of Medicine, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ashley K Clark
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Y Shi
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
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21
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Wang X, Gao X, Yang Q, Wang X, Li S, Jiang F, Zhang J, Ouyang F. Sleep disorders and allergic diseases in Chinese toddlers. Sleep Med 2017; 37:174-179. [PMID: 28899531 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Optimal sleep is important for child growth, development, and immune function. We aimed to explore whether sleep disorders were associated with the risk of allergic diseases in Chinese toddlers. METHODS This study included 566 children (aged 23.9 ± 0.7 months; 51.1% boys) in Shanghai, China. Sleep parameters (total sleep time, sleep onset latency, nocturnal awaking and snoring) were assessed by an expanded version of the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ-expanded). Information on four allergic diseases (wheeze, eczema, food allergy, and allergic rhinitis) in the past year was collected via standard questionnaire and judged by pediatricians. We used logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for having any/and each of the four allergic diseases, based on sleep parameters, adjusting for children's age and gender, mode of delivery, any breastfeeding duration, children's body mass index (BMI), children's exposure to passive smoking, maternal education, family income, family allergic history, and children's antibiotic use. RESULTS There were 23.3% of children with at least one of the four allergic diseases. Snoring was significantly associated with increased odds of having any allergy (adjusted OR = 1.95; 95% CI: 1.17, 3.26), eczema (OR = 1.83, 95% CI: 1.03, 3.23) and food allergy (OR = 4.31, 95% CI: 1.23, 15.14), after adjustment for potential confounders. Nocturnal awaking ≥2 times per night was associated with higher risk of food allergy (OR = 3.92, 95% CI: 1.00, 15.35) and wheeze (OR = 6.16, 95% CI: 1.28, 29.74). CONCLUSION In this study, presence of certain sleep disorders was associated with higher risk of having allergic diseases in Chinese toddlers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Wang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, PA, USA
| | - Qian Yang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xia Wang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenghui Li
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Jiang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, Shanghai Pediatric Transitional Institution, Shanghai Children's Medical Center Affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fengxiu Ouyang
- MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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22
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Adamska I, Lewczuk B, Markowska M, Majewski PM. Daily profiles of melatonin synthesis-related indoles in the pineal glands of young chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus L.). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 164:335-343. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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23
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Stevenson TJ, Visser ME, Arnold W, Barrett P, Biello S, Dawson A, Denlinger DL, Dominoni D, Ebling FJ, Elton S, Evans N, Ferguson HM, Foster RG, Hau M, Haydon DT, Hazlerigg DG, Heideman P, Hopcraft JGC, Jonsson NN, Kronfeld-Schor N, Kumar V, Lincoln GA, MacLeod R, Martin SAM, Martinez-Bakker M, Nelson RJ, Reed T, Robinson JE, Rock D, Schwartz WJ, Steffan-Dewenter I, Tauber E, Thackeray SJ, Umstatter C, Yoshimura T, Helm B. Disrupted seasonal biology impacts health, food security and ecosystems. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 282:20151453. [PMID: 26468242 PMCID: PMC4633868 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.1453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The rhythm of life on earth is shaped by seasonal changes in the environment. Plants and animals show profound annual cycles in physiology, health, morphology, behaviour and demography in response to environmental cues. Seasonal biology impacts ecosystems and agriculture, with consequences for humans and biodiversity. Human populations show robust annual rhythms in health and well-being, and the birth month can have lasting effects that persist throughout life. This review emphasizes the need for a better understanding of seasonal biology against the backdrop of its rapidly progressing disruption through climate change, human lifestyles and other anthropogenic impact. Climate change is modifying annual rhythms to which numerous organisms have adapted, with potential consequences for industries relating to health, ecosystems and food security. Disconcertingly, human lifestyles under artificial conditions of eternal summer provide the most extreme example for disconnect from natural seasons, making humans vulnerable to increased morbidity and mortality. In this review, we introduce scenarios of seasonal disruption, highlight key aspects of seasonal biology and summarize from biomedical, anthropological, veterinary, agricultural and environmental perspectives the recent evidence for seasonal desynchronization between environmental factors and internal rhythms. Because annual rhythms are pervasive across biological systems, they provide a common framework for trans-disciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Stevenson
- Institute for Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - M E Visser
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - W Arnold
- Research Institute of Wildlife Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - P Barrett
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - S Biello
- School of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - A Dawson
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik, Midlothian, UK
| | - D L Denlinger
- Department of Entomology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - D Dominoni
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - F J Ebling
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - S Elton
- Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - N Evans
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - H M Ferguson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - R G Foster
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hau
- Max Planck Institute for Ornithology, Seewiesen, Germany
| | - D T Haydon
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D G Hazlerigg
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, University of Tromso, Tromso, Norway
| | - P Heideman
- Department of Biology, The College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA
| | - J G C Hopcraft
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - N N Jonsson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - V Kumar
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - G A Lincoln
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R MacLeod
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - S A M Martin
- Department of Animal Ecology, Nederlands Instituut voor Ecologie, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Martinez-Bakker
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R J Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - T Reed
- Aquaculture and Fisheries Development Centre, University of College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - J E Robinson
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rock
- School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - W J Schwartz
- Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - I Steffan-Dewenter
- Department of Animal Ecology and Tropical Biology, University of Wuerzburg, Wuerzburg, Germany
| | - E Tauber
- Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - S J Thackeray
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - C Umstatter
- Agroscope, Tanikon, CH-8356 Ettenhausen, Switzerland
| | - T Yoshimura
- Department of Applied Molecular Biosciences, University of Nagoya, Nagoya, Japan
| | - B Helm
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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24
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Chen F, Reheman A, Cao J, Wang Z, Dong Y, Zhang Y, Chen Y. Effect of melatonin on monochromatic light-induced T-lymphocyte proliferation in the thymus of chickens. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2016; 161:9-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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25
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Rao G, Verma R, Mukherjee A, Haldar C, Agrawal NK. Melatonin alleviates hyperthyroidism induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in hippocampus of aged female golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Exp Gerontol 2016; 82:125-30. [PMID: 27374868 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a well known phenomenon under hyperthyroid condition that induces various physiological and neural problems with a higher prevalence in females. We, therefore investigated the antioxidant potential of melatonin (Mel) on hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus region of brain (cognition and memory centre) of aged female golden hamster, Mesocricetus auratus. Aged female hamsters were randomly divided into four experimental groups (n=7); group-I: control, group-II: Melatonin (5mgkg(-1)day(-1), i.p., for one week), group-III: Hyperthyroid (100μg kg(-1)day(-1), i.p., for two weeks) and group-IV- Hyper+Mel. Hormonal profiles (thyroid and melatonin), activity of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT and GPX), lipid peroxidation level (TBARS) and the specific apoptotic markers (Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3) expression were evaluated. A significant increase in the profile of total thyroid hormone (tT3 and tT4) in hyperthyroidic group as compared to control while tT3 significantly decreased in melatonin treated hyperthyroidic group. However, Mel level significantly decreased in hyperthyroidic group but increased in melatonin treated hyperthyroidic group. Further, the number of immune-positive cells for thyroid hormone receptor-alpha (TR-α) decreased in the hippocampus of hyperthyroidic group and increased in melatonin treated hyperthyroidic group. Profiles of antioxidant enzymes showed a significant decrease in hyperthyroidic group with a simultaneous increase in lipid peroxidation (TBARS). Melatonin treatment to hyperthyroidic group lead to decreased TBARS level with a concomitant increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. Moreover, increased expression of Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and Caspase-3, in hyperthyroidic group had elevated neuronal cell death in hippocampal area and melatonin treatment reduced its expression in hyperthyroidic group. Our findings thus indicate that melatonin reduced the hyperthyroidism-induced oxidative stress and neuronal cell death in the hippocampus region of brain, suggesting a novel therapeutic approach of melatonin for management of cognition and memory function in females under hyperthyroid condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geeta Rao
- College of Pharmacy, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73117, United States of America
| | - Rakesh Verma
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - Arun Mukherjee
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India
| | - Chandana Haldar
- Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India.
| | - Neeraj Kumar Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP 221005, India
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26
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Abstract
Evidence suggests that light and circadian rhythms profoundly influence the physiologic capacity with which an organism responds to stress. However, the ramifications of light spectrum on the course of critical illness remain to be determined. Here, we show that acute exposure to bright blue spectrum light reduces organ injury by comparison with bright red spectrum or ambient white fluorescent light in two murine models of sterile insult: warm liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) and unilateral renal I/R. Exposure to bright blue light before I/R reduced hepatocellular injury and necrosis and reduced acute kidney injury and necrosis. In both models, blue light reduced neutrophil influx, as evidenced by reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) within each organ, and reduced the release of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a neutrophil chemotactant and key mediator in the pathogenesis of I/R injury. The protective mechanism appeared to involve an optic pathway and was mediated, in part, by a sympathetic (β3 adrenergic) pathway that functioned independent of significant alterations in melatonin or corticosterone concentrations to regulate neutrophil recruitment. These data suggest that modifying the spectrum of light may offer therapeutic utility in sterile forms of cellular injury.
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Chang YS, Chiang BL. Mechanism of Sleep Disturbance in Children with Atopic Dermatitis and the Role of the Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:462. [PMID: 27043528 PMCID: PMC4848918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17040462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sleep disturbance is common in children with atopic dermatitis (AD). It is a major factor leading to impaired quality of life in these patients and could have negative effects on neurocognitive function and behavior. However, the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in children with AD is poorly understood, and there is no consensus on how to manage sleep problems in these patients. Pruritus and scratching could lead to sleep disruption but is unlikely the sole etiology. The circadian rhythm of cytokines, the immune system, and skin physiology such as transcutaneous water loss and skin blood flow might also play a role. Recent studies have suggested that melatonin could also be involved due to its multiple effects on sleep, immunomodulation, and anti-oxidant ability. Environmental factors should also be considered. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the pathophysiology of sleep disturbance in children with AD, and discuss possible therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sen Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan.
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Wang T, Dong Y, Wang Z, Cao J, Chen Y. Secretion pathway of liver IGF-1 via JAK2/STAT3 in chick embryo under the monochromatic light. Growth Factors 2016; 34:51-63. [PMID: 27144424 DOI: 10.3109/08977194.2016.1170679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study reveals mechanism of monochromatic light on the IGF-1 secretion of chick embryo liver. The chick embryos were incubated and exposed to continuous red, green, blue light or a dark environment. Compared to other light-treated groups, green light increased IGF-1 and melatonin concentrations both in plasma and liver, and Mel1a, Mel1b and Mel1c receptors expressions in liver but decreased p-JAK2, p-STAT3 and ROS in liver. IGF-1 had a positive correlation with melatonin, but a negative relevance with p-JAK2 and p-STAT3. In vitro, the IGF-1 level in the hepatocyte supernatant was enhanced by melatonin with lower p-JAK2/p-STAT3 and ROS levels, which was suppressed by Mel1c antagonist but not Mel1a/Mel1b or Mel1b antagonists. AG490 (JAK/STAT inhibitor) promoted role of melatonin-Mel1c modulated IGF-1 secretion. These results suggest the antioxidant effect of melatonin mediated the green light-enhanced IGF-1 secretion of chick embryo liver through Mel1c receptor to inhibit the JAK2/STAT3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuanjie Wang
- a Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals , College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University , Haidian , Beijing , China
| | - Yulan Dong
- a Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals , College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University , Haidian , Beijing , China
| | - Zixu Wang
- a Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals , College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University , Haidian , Beijing , China
| | - Jing Cao
- a Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals , College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University , Haidian , Beijing , China
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- a Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals , College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University , Haidian , Beijing , China
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Enhanced inflammatory and T-helper-1 type responses but suppressed lymphocyte proliferation in patients with seasonal affective disorder and treated by light therapy. J Affect Disord 2015; 185:90-6. [PMID: 26148465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animals show seasonal changes in the endocrine and immune system in response to winter stressors. Even though increased inflammation has been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression, whether immune disorder is a key mediator in seasonal affective depression (SAD) is unknown. Here, we hypothesized that short photoperiods in winter may induce inflammatory response, which contributes to SAD, and that light treatments should normalize immune function and improve depressive symptoms. METHODS Twenty patients with a diagnosis of SAD, and a score on the HAM-29 of 20 or higher were recruited for this study. Twenty-one healthy subjects with no personal and family history of psychiatric disorder were matched to patients according to age and sex. Patients and controls were sampled during winter between November and January, inclusive. A subset of SAD patients (N=13) was re-sampled after 4 weeks of light therapy. Blood samples were assayed for macrophage activity, lymphocyte proliferation and cytokine release. RESULTS SAD patients showed significantly higher macrophage activity and lower lymphocyte proliferation in winter compared to healthy subjects. The concentrations of macrophage-produced proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α, and T-helper (Th)-1 produced cytokine, interferon-γ were all significantly increased. In contrast, no significant changes in Th2-produced cytokines were observed. Light therapy significantly improved depressive scores, which was associated with attenuation of decreased lymphocyte functions, increased macrophage activity and level of proinflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION SAD patients have increased macrophage and Th1 type responses in winter, and light therapy normalized immune functions and depressive symptoms. These results support an inflammatory hypothesis for SAD and an immunomodulatory role of light therapy.
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Yadav S, Chaturvedi CM. Light colour and intensity alters reproductive/seasonal responses in Japanese quail. Physiol Behav 2015; 147:163-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 04/18/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Diurnal and seasonal occurrence of febrile seizures. Pediatr Neurol 2015; 52:424-7. [PMID: 25682483 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Febrile seizures are the most common seizures in children, but their pathogenesis remains unknown. Some studies have suggested an association between the light-dependent secretion of melatonin and the occurrence of febrile seizures. The diurnal and seasonal occurrence of febrile seizures could clarify the role daylight plays in febrile seizures. METHODS In Finland, summer days are long and bright and winter days are short and dark. We evaluated the diurnal and seasonal occurrence of the first febrile seizures in 461 children and adjusted them according to the epidemiology of the febrile episodes in a population-based study of 1522 children. RESULTS The first febrile seizure most often occurred in the evening, peaking between 6 and 10 PM (31%), and least often at night, in the early morning hours between 2 and 6 AM (8%) (P < 0.001). This diurnal pattern repeated itself in different seasons according to variance in daylight duration. Febrile seizures occurred irregularly throughout the year, most frequently in winter, concurrently with the febrile episodes, and least frequently in summer; this seasonal variation in the occurrence of febrile seizures disappeared however when adjusted for the number of febrile events. CONCLUSIONS We found clear diurnal and seasonal variations in the occurrence of febrile seizures, even though they did not follow the amount of daylight. Our findings do not support the hypothesis that the diurnal and seasonal variation of daylight explains the occurrence of febrile seizures. Moreover, febrile events associated strongly with the occurrence of febrile seizures.
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Li J, Cao J, Wang Z, Dong Y, Chen Y. Melatonin plays a critical role in inducing B lymphocyte proliferation of the bursa of Fabricius in broilers via monochromatic lights. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2015; 142:29-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zhang Z, Cao J, Wang Z, Dong Y, Chen Y. Effect of a combination of green and blue monochromatic light on broiler immune response. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2014; 138:118-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Revised: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Chang YS, Chou YT, Lee JH, Lee PL, Dai YS, Sun C, Lin YT, Wang LC, Yu HH, Yang YH, Chen CA, Wan KS, Chiang BL. Atopic dermatitis, melatonin, and sleep disturbance. Pediatrics 2014; 134:e397-405. [PMID: 25022734 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Sleep disturbance is common in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). However, studies have largely been questionnaire-based, and the pathophysiology remains unclear. The aims of this study were to determine objective characteristics of sleep disturbance in children with AD and explore contributing factors and clinical predictors. METHODS Sleep parameters were measured by actigraphy and polysomnography in 72 patients with AD and 32 controls ages 1 to 18 years. Urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin levels, serum cytokines, and total and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were also measured. RESULTS The patients with AD had significantly reduced sleep efficiency, longer sleep onset latency, more sleep fragmentation, and less nonrapid eye movement sleep. Results from actigraphy correlated well with those from polysomnography. The AD disease severity was associated with sleep disturbance (r = 0.55-0.7), and a Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index of ≥48.7 predicted poor sleep efficiency with a sensitivity of 83.3% and a specificity of 75% (area under the curve = 0.81, P = .001). Lower nocturnal melatonin secretion was significantly associated with sleep disturbance in the patients with AD. Other correlates of sleep disturbance included pruritus, scratching movements, higher total serum IgE levels, and allergic sensitization to dust mite and staphylococcal enterotoxins. CONCLUSIONS Poor sleep efficiency is common in children with AD and can be predicted by the Scoring Atopic Dermatitis index. Melatonin and IgE might play a role in the sleep disturbance. Further studies are required to explore the mechanisms and clinical implications, and actigraphy could serve as a useful evaluating tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Sen Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ting Chou
- Department of Pediatrics, Cardinal Tien Hospital Yonghe Branch, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kong-Sang Wan
- Department of Pediatrics, Taipei City Hospital Renai Branch, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Luen Chiang
- Departments of Pediatrics,Graduate Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, TaiwanMedical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan; and
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Li J, Wang Z, Cao J, Dong Y, Chen Y. Melatonin receptor subtypes Mel1a and Mel1c but not Mel1b are associated with monochromatic light-induced B-lymphocyte proliferation in broilers. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2013; 45:206-15. [PMID: 24209505 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2013] [Revised: 09/10/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the effects of melatonin (MEL) and its receptors on monochromatic light-induced bursal B-lymphocyte proliferation in broiler chickens. In vivo, green light (GL) enhanced the proliferation of B lymphocytes in bursas by 16.49% to 30.83% and the expression of MEL receptor subtypes 1a (Mel1a), Mel1b, and Mel1c receptors in bursas by 6.91% to 366.98% than other light colors. However, pinealectomy reduced these parameters and eliminated the differences between GL and other light groups. In vitro, the MEL-induced bursal B-lymphocyte proliferation was most suppressed by prazosin (P = 0.001, selective Mel1c antagonist), followed by luzindole (P = 0.022, nonselective Mel1a/Mel1b antagonist), but not by 4-phenyl-2-propionamideotetralin (P = 0.144, selective Mel1b antagonist). Similarly, dibutyryl-cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP; analog of cAMP; P = 0.017) but not 8-(4-chloro-phenylthio)-2'-O-methyladenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (P = 0.736; activator of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP) significantly inhibited bursal B-lymphocyte proliferation. These results suggest that MEL mediates GL-induced bursal B-lymphocyte proliferation through Mel1c and Mel1a receptors but not Mel1b receptors by activating the cAMP/protein kinase A pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Laboratory of Anatomy of Domestic Animals, College of Animal Medicine, China Agricultural University, Haidian, Beijing 100193, China
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Vishwas DK, Haldar C. Photoperiodic induced melatonin regulates immunity and expression pattern of melatonin receptor MT1 in spleen and bone marrow mononuclear cells of male golden hamster. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2013; 128:107-14. [PMID: 24090924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The pineal gland transduces day length information into chemical signal of melatonin that ultimately translates photic stimulus into season-specific immune responses to promote survival of individual from incidence of opportunistic diseases. To date, the immune adjustments being a result of photoperiodic exposures for any nocturnal seasonally breeding rodent have not been systematically examined. Therefore, we evaluated the humoral and cell mediated immune responses of photoperiodically entrained male golden hamsters. Short day induced melatonin increased the immune parameters such as spleen mass, total leukocyte (TLC) and lymphocyte count (LC), proliferation of splenocytes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) along with serum IL-2 and anti-Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) IgG production when compared with long day experienced hamsters. Short term melatonin treatment (for two weeks) to long day hamsters enhanced to some extent the proliferation of splenocytes, PBMC and TLC/LC. We also localized the melatonin membrane receptor MT1 in spleen and BMMNCs that strongly supported our western blot analysis for the expression of MT1 in spleen suggesting that different photoperiodically induced circulatory melatonin is responsible for the immunomodulation. Therefore, photoperiod can influence the peripheral melatonin level to improve immune responses of hamsters according to season for better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipanshu Kumar Vishwas
- Pineal Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221 005, India
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Immune-pineal axis: nuclear factor κB (NF-kB) mediates the shift in the melatonin source from pinealocytes to immune competent cells. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:10979-97. [PMID: 23708099 PMCID: PMC3709713 DOI: 10.3390/ijms140610979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Pineal gland melatonin is the darkness hormone, while extra-pineal melatonin produced by the gonads, gut, retina, and immune competent cells acts as a paracrine or autocrine mediator. The well-known immunomodulatory effect of melatonin is observed either as an endocrine, a paracrine or an autocrine response. In mammals, nuclear translocation of nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) blocks noradrenaline-induced melatonin synthesis in pinealocytes, which induces melatonin synthesis in macrophages. In addition, melatonin reduces NF-κB activation in pinealocytes and immune competent cells. Therefore, pathogen- or danger-associated molecular patterns transiently switch the synthesis of melatonin from pinealocytes to immune competent cells, and as the response progresses melatonin inhibition of NF-κB activity leads these cells to a more quiescent state. The opposite effect of NF-κB in pinealocytes and immune competent cells is due to different NF-κB dimers recruited in each phase of the defense response. This coordinated shift of the source of melatonin driven by NF-κB is called the immune-pineal axis. Finally, we discuss how this concept might be relevant to a better understanding of pathological conditions with impaired melatonin rhythms and hope it opens new horizons for the research of side effects of melatonin-based therapies.
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van Leeuwen MT, Turner JJ, Falster MO, Meagher NS, Joske DJ, Grulich AE, Giles GG, Vajdic CM. Latitude gradients for lymphoid neoplasm subtypes in Australia support an association with ultraviolet radiation exposure. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:944-51. [PMID: 23382012 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Given the uncertainty surrounding solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure and risk of lymphoid neoplasms, we performed an ecological analysis of national Australian data for incident cases diagnosed between 2002 and 2006. Subtype-specific incidence was examined by latitude band (<29°S, 29-36°S, ≥37°S), a proxy for ambient UVR exposure, using multiple Poisson regression, adjusted for sex, age-group and calendar year. Incidence increased with distance from the equator for several mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphomas, including diffuse large B-cell [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.37; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.16-1.61 for latitude ≥37°S relative to <29°S], lymphoplasmacytic (IRR = 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12-1.61), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (IRR = 1.32; 95% CI: 0.97-1.80) and mantle cell lymphoma (IRR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58), as well as plasmacytoma (IRR = 1.52; 95% CI: 1.09-2.11) and plasma cell myeloma (IRR = 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03-1.27). A similar pattern was observed for several mature cutaneous T-cell neoplasms, including primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (IRR = 4.26; 95% CI: 1.85-9.84), mycosis fungoides/Sézary syndrome (IRR = 1.72; 95% CI: 1.20-2.46), and peripheral T-cell lymphoma not otherwise specified (NOS) (IRR = 1.53; 95% CI: 1.17-2.00). Incidence of mixed cellularity/lymphocyte-depleted (IRR = 1.60; 95% CI: 1.16-2.20) and nodular sclerosis Hodgkin lymphoma (IRR = 1.57; 95% CI: 1.33-1.85) also increased with distance from the equator. Many of these subtypes have a known association with infection or immune dysregulation. Our findings support a possible protective effect of UVR exposure on the risk of several lymphoid neoplasms, possibly through vitamin D-related immune modulation critical in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina T van Leeuwen
- Adult Cancer Program, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, Prince of Wales Clinical School, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Piesiewicz A, Kedzierska U, Podobas E, Adamska I, Zuzewicz K, Majewski P. Season-dependent Postembryonic Maturation of the Diurnal Rhythm of Melatonin Biosynthesis in the Chicken Pineal Gland. Chronobiol Int 2012; 29:1227-38. [DOI: 10.3109/07420528.2012.719964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Reza Ghola M, Saki G, Hemadi M, Khodadadi A, Mohammadi- J. Supplementation Vitrified-thawed Media with Melatonin Do Not Protecting Immature Mouse Testicular Tissue from Vitrified-thawed Induced Injury. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.3923/ajava.2012.940.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Wang J, Hao H, Yao L, Zhang X, Zhao S, Ling EA, Hao A, Li G. Melatonin suppresses migration and invasion via inhibition of oxidative stress pathway in glioma cells. J Pineal Res 2012; 53:180-7. [PMID: 22404622 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-079x.2012.00985.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, an indolamine produced and secreted predominately by the pineal gland, exhibits a variety of physiological functions, possesses antioxidant and antitumor properties. In this study, we have shown that pharmacologic concentration (1mm) of melatonin significantly reduced cell migration and invasion of T98G and U251 glioma cells after 24-hr treatment and inhibited expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP 2) and MMP 9. The melatonin inhibition of cell migration and invasion was associated with its reduction of intracellular basal free radical generation. Melatonin at pharmacologic concentration also inhibited the constitutive activation of the reactive oxygen species downstream transcription factor nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB). Furthermore, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, a NF-κB-specific inhibitor, at 10μm displayed anti-migration and invasion effects and inhibition of MMP 2 and MMP 9 expression resembling that of melatonin. Taken together, it is concluded that inhibition of migration and invasion of glioma cells by melatonin is associated with the latter in its inhibition of oxidative stress pathway. This suggests a potential therapeutic application of melatonin in the treatment of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntao Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qi Lu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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Castro RA, Angus DC, Hong SY, Lee C, Weissfeld LA, Clermont G, Rosengart MR. Light and the outcome of the critically ill: an observational cohort study. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2012; 16:R132. [PMID: 22827924 PMCID: PMC3580717 DOI: 10.1186/cc11437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 07/24/2012] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Light before and during acute illness has been associated with both benefit and harm in animal models and small human studies. Our objective was to determine the associations of light duration (photoperiod) and intensity (insolation) before and during critical illness with hospital mortality in ICU patients. Based on the 'winter immunoenhancement' theory, we tested the hypothesis that a shorter photoperiod before critical illness is associated with improved survival. Methods We analyzed data from 11,439 patients admitted to 8 ICUs at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center between June 30, 1999 and July 31, 2004. Daily photoperiod and insolation prior to and after ICU admission were estimated for each patient by using data provided by the United States Naval Observatory and National Aeronautics and Space Administration and direct measurement of light gradient from outside to bedside for each ICU room. Our primary outcome was hospital mortality. The association between light and risk of death was analyzed using multivariate analyses, adjusting for potential confounders, including severity of illness, case mix, and ICU type. Results The cohort had an average APACHE III of 52.9 and a hospital mortality of 10.7%. In total, 128 ICU beds were analyzed; 108 (84%) had windows. Pre-illness photoperiod ranged from 259 to 421 hours in the prior month. A shorter photoperiod was associated with a reduced risk of death: for each 1-hour decrease, the adjusted OR was 0.997 (0.994 to 0.999, p = 0.03). In the ICU, there was near complete (99.6%) degradation of natural light from outside to the ICU bed. Thus, light exposure once in the ICU approached zero; the 24-hour insolation was 0.005 ± 0.003 kWh/m2 with little diurnal variation. There was no association between ICU photoperiod or insolation and mortality. Conclusions Consistent with the winter immunoenhancement theory, a shorter photoperiod in the month before critical illness is associated with a reduced risk of death. Once in the ICU, patients are exposed to near negligible natural light despite the presence of windows. Further studies are warranted to determine the underlying mechanisms and whether manipulating light exposure, before or during ICU admission, can enhance survival.
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Lessard M, Beaudoin F, Ménard M, Lachance MP, Laforest JP, Farmer C. Impact of a long photoperiod during lactation on immune status of piglets. J Anim Sci 2012; 90:3468-76. [PMID: 22665650 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2012-5191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of a long photoperiod treatment around parturition and throughout lactation on immune status of piglets were studied. Sows were assigned to 2 light regimens: i) standard short photoperiod (SP, n = 17), 8 h of daily light from d 112 of gestation until d 23 of lactation; and ii) long photoperiod (LP, n = 17), 23 h of daily light from d 112 of gestation to d 4 of lactation and 16 h thereafter. In front of the crates, under the side heat lamps and behind the sow, light intensities were 59 ± 5, 109 ± 6, and 44 ± 6 lx, respectively. On d 15 of lactation and at weaning (d 23), 2 piglets of similar BW per litter were selected and immunized intramuscularly with ovalbumin (OVA). Blood samples (5 mL serum and 10 mL whole blood) were taken at d 15 and d 23 of lactation, and at d 30, 37, and 44 of age after weaning to evaluate the antibody response to OVA and measure phagocytosis, lymphocyte proliferative response, and different circulating blood lymphocyte populations of piglets. Results showed that phagocytosis was increased in piglets submitted to LP (P < 0.05). A treatment × time interaction (P < 0.001) indicated that SP piglets developed a better IgG response to OVA than LP piglets. The percentage of B lymphocytes was also increased (P = 0.02) in SP piglets compared with piglets exposed to LP during lactation; the lymphocyte response to OVA tended to be enhanced (P = 0.07) over time in SP piglets. Different subpopulations of CD8+ lymphocytes were markedly increased in SP piglets at 23 d of age compared with piglets exposed to LP (treatment × time: P < 0.05). These results suggest that exposure of piglets to LP during lactation seems to reduce the capacity of piglets to develop a strong immune response to novel antigens. This may have important consequences on the ability of piglets to resist an infection after weaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lessard
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Dairy and Swine R & D Centre, 2000 College St., Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
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Manzano E Silva MJ, Singh R, Haldar C, Vigh B, Szél Á. Peripheral autonomic nerves of human pineal organ terminate on vessels, their supposed role in the periodic secretion of pineal melatonin. APMIS 2012; 120:628-34. [PMID: 22779685 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0463.2011.02867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Nonvisual pineal and retinal photoreceptors are synchronizing circadian and circannual periodicity to the environmental light periods in the function of various organs. Melatonin of the pineal organ is secreted at night and represents an important factor of this periodic regulation. Night illumination suppressing melatonin secretion may result in pathological events like breast and colorectal cancer. Experimental works demonstrated the role of autonomic nerves in the pineal melatonin secretion. It was supposed that mammalian pineals have lost their photoreceptor capacity that is present in submammalians, and sympathetic fibers would mediate light information from the retina to regulate melatonin secretion. Retinal afferentation may reach the organ by central nerve fibers via the pineal habenulae as well. In our earlier works we have found that the pineal organ developing from lobular evaginations of the epithalamus differs from peripheral endocrine glands and is composed of a retina-like central nervous tissue that is comprised of cone-like pinealocytes, secondary pineal neurons and glial cells. Their autonomic nerves in submammalians as well as in mammalian animals do not terminate on pineal cells, rather, they run in the meningeal septa among pineal lobules and form vasomotor nerve endings. Concerning the adult human pineal there are no detailed fine structural data about the termination of autonomic fibers, therefore, in the present work we investigated the ultrastructure of the human pineal peripheral autonomic nerve fibers. It was found, that similarly to other parts of the brain, autonomic nerves do not enter the human pineal nervous tissue itself but separated by glial limiting membranes take their course in the meningeal septa of the organ and terminate on vessels by vasomotor endings. We suppose that these autonomic vasomotor nerves serve the regulation of the pineal blood supply according to the circadian and circannual changes of the metabolic activity of the organ and support by this effect the secretion of pineal neurohormones including melatonin.
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Walton JC, Weil ZM, Nelson RJ. Influence of photoperiod on hormones, behavior, and immune function. Front Neuroendocrinol 2011; 32:303-19. [PMID: 21156187 PMCID: PMC3139743 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2010] [Revised: 11/30/2010] [Accepted: 12/03/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiodism is the ability of plants and animals to measure environmental day length to ascertain time of year. Central to the evolution of photoperiodism in animals is the adaptive distribution of energetically challenging activities across the year to optimize reproductive fitness while balancing the energetic tradeoffs necessary for seasonally-appropriate survival strategies. The ability to accurately predict future events requires endogenous mechanisms to permit physiological anticipation of annual conditions. Day length provides a virtually noise free environmental signal to monitor and accurately predict time of the year. In mammals, melatonin provides the hormonal signal transducing day length. Duration of pineal melatonin is inversely related to day length and its secretion drives enduring changes in many physiological systems, including the HPA, HPG, and brain-gut axes, the autonomic nervous system, and the immune system. Thus, melatonin is the fulcrum mediating redistribution of energetic investment among physiological processes to maximize fitness and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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The effect of melatonin on the quality of extended boar semen after long-term storage at 17 °C. Theriogenology 2011; 75:1550-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2010] [Revised: 12/14/2010] [Accepted: 12/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Castro R, Angus DC, Rosengart MR. The effect of light on critical illness. CRITICAL CARE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE CRITICAL CARE FORUM 2011; 15:218. [PMID: 21457502 PMCID: PMC3219304 DOI: 10.1186/cc10000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Castro
- Department of Critical Care Medicine,University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, CRISMA Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA.
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