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Fuentes-León F, Quintero-Ruiz N, Fernández-Silva FS, Munford V, Vernhes Tamayo M, Menck CFM, Galhardo RS, Sánchez-Lamar A. Genotoxicity of ultraviolet light and sunlight in the bacterium Caulobacter crescentus: Wavelength-dependence. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 894:503727. [PMID: 38432774 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The ultraviolet (UV) component of sunlight can damage DNA. Although most solar UV is absorbed by the ozone layer, wavelengths > 300 nm (UVA and UVB bands) can reach the Earth's surface. It is essential to understand the genotoxic effects of UV light, particularly in natural environments. Caulobacter crescentus, a bacterium widely employed as a model for cell cycle studies, was selected for this study. Strains proficient and deficient in DNA repair (uvrA-) were used to concurrently investigate three genotoxic endpoints: cytotoxicity, SOS induction, and gene mutation, using colony-formation, the SOS chromotest, and RifR mutagenesis, respectively. Our findings underscore the distinct impacts of individual UV bands and the full spectrum of sunlight itself in C. crescentus. UVC light was highly genotoxic, especially for the repair-deficient strain. A UVB dose equivalent to 20 min sunlight exposure also affected the cells. UVA exposure caused a significant response only at high doses, likely due to activation of photorepair. Exposure to solar irradiation resulted in reduced levels of SOS induction, possibly due to decreased cell survival. However, mutagenicity is increased, particularly in uvrA- deficient cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Fuentes-León
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 # 455 e\ J e I, Vedado, 10400 La Habana, Cuba; Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Nathalia Quintero-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Frank S Fernández-Silva
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Veridiana Munford
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marioly Vernhes Tamayo
- Centro de Aplicaciones Tecnológicas y Desarrollo Nuclear (CEADEN), Calle 5ta # 502 e/ 5ta Avenida y7ma, Miramar, Playa, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S Galhardo
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, Ed. Biomédicas 2, São Paulo 05508-900, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angel Sánchez-Lamar
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de La Habana, Calle 25 # 455 e\ J e I, Vedado, 10400 La Habana, Cuba.
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2
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Huanca-Juarez J, Nascimento-Silva EA, Silva NH, Silva-Rocha R, Guazzaroni ME. Identification and functional analysis of novel protein-encoding sequences related to stress-resistance. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1268315. [PMID: 37840709 PMCID: PMC10568318 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1268315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, industrial bioproducts are less competitive than chemically produced goods due to the shortcomings of conventional microbial hosts. Thus, is essential developing robust bacteria for improved cell tolerance to process-specific parameters. In this context, metagenomic approaches from extreme environments can provide useful biological parts to improve bacterial robustness. Here, in order to build genetic constructs that increase bacterial resistance to diverse stress conditions, we recovered novel protein-encoding sequences related to stress-resistance from metagenomic databases using an in silico approach based on Hidden-Markov-Model profiles. For this purpose, we used metagenomic shotgun sequencing data from microbial communities of extreme environments to identify genes encoding chaperones and other proteins that confer resistance to stress conditions. We identified and characterized 10 novel protein-encoding sequences related to the DNA-binding protein HU, the ATP-dependent protease ClpP, and the chaperone protein DnaJ. By expressing these genes in Escherichia coli under several stress conditions (including high temperature, acidity, oxidative and osmotic stress, and UV radiation), we identified five genes conferring resistance to at least two stress conditions when expressed in E. coli. Moreover, one of the identified HU coding-genes which was retrieved from an acidic soil metagenome increased E. coli tolerance to four different stress conditions, implying its suitability for the construction of a synthetic circuit directed to expand broad bacterial resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshelin Huanca-Juarez
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine (FMRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Alexandre Nascimento-Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine (FMRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ninna Hirata Silva
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Ribeirão Preto School of Medicine (FMRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - María-Eugenia Guazzaroni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirão Preto (FFCLRP) – University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Lundsgaard NU, Hird C, Doody KA, Franklin CE, Cramp RL. Carryover effects from environmental change in early life: An overlooked driver of the amphibian extinction crisis? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2023; 29:3857-3868. [PMID: 37310166 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ecological carryover effects, or delayed effects of the environment on an organism's phenotype, are central predictors of individual fitness and a key issue in conservation biology. Climate change imposes increasingly variable environmental conditions that may be challenging to early life-history stages in animals with complex life histories, leading to detrimental physiological and fitness effects in later life. Yet, the latent nature of carryover effects, combined with the long temporal scales over which they can manifest, means that this phenomenon remains understudied and is often overlooked in short-term studies limited to single life-history stages. Herein, we review evidence for the physiological carryover effects induced by elevated ultraviolet radiation (UVR; 280-400 nm) as a potential contributor to recent amphibian population declines. UVR exposure causes a suite of molecular, cellular and physiological consequences known to underpin carryover effects in other taxa, but there is a lack of research linking embryonic and larval UVR exposures to fitness consequences post-metamorphosis in amphibians. We propose that the key impacts of UVR on disease-related amphibian declines are facilitated through carryover effects that bridge embryonic and larval UVR exposure with potential increased disease susceptibility post-metamorphosis. We conclude by identifying a practical direction for the study of ecological carryover effects in amphibians that could guide future ecological research in the broader field of conservation physiology. Only by addressing carryover effects can many of the mechanistic links between environmental change and population declines be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niclas U Lundsgaard
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Coen Hird
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Kathleen A Doody
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Craig E Franklin
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Rebecca L Cramp
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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D’Ercole S, Carlesi T, Dotta TC, Pierfelice TV, D’Amico E, Tripodi D, Iezzi G, Piattelli A, Petrini M. 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Red Led in Endodontics: A Narrative Review and Case Report. Gels 2022; 8:697. [PMID: 36354605 PMCID: PMC9689491 DOI: 10.3390/gels8110697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to discuss the main factors involving the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid together with red LED light and its application in endodontic treatment through a narrative review and a case report. Persistence of microorganisms remaining on chemical-mechanical preparation or intracanal dressing is reported as the leading cause of failure in endodontics. Photodynamic therapy has become a promising antimicrobial strategy as an aid to endodontic treatment. Being easy and quick to apply, it can be used both in a single session and in several sessions, as well as not allowing forms of microbial resistance. 5-aminolevulinic acid in combination with red LED light has recently been studied in many branches of medicine, with good results against numerous types of bacteria including Enterococuss faecalis. The case report showed how bacterial count of CFU decreased by half (210 CFU/mL), after 45 min of irrigation with a gel containing 5% of 5-aminolevulinic acid compared to the sample before irrigation (420 CFU/mL). The subsequent irradiation of red LED light for 7 min, the bacterial count was equal to 0. Thus, it is concluded that the use of 5-aminolevulinic acid together with red LED light is effective in endodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simonetta D’Ercole
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Teocrito Carlesi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Tatiane Cristina Dotta
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Tania Vanessa Pierfelice
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Emira D’Amico
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Domenico Tripodi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Adriano Piattelli
- School of Dentistry, Saint Camillus International University for Health Sciences (Unicamillus), 00131 Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
- Casa di Cura Villa Serena, 65013 Città Sant’Angelo, Italy
| | - Morena Petrini
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Photodynamic Therapy Using 5-Aminolevulinic Acid (Ala) for the Treatment of Chronic Periodontitis: A Prospective Case Series. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12063102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim: The objective of this study was to compare the efficacy of supportive periodontal therapy (i.e., scaling and root planning, SRP) alone versus ALADENT medical device used in association with SRP in the treatment of chronic periodontitis in adult patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 patients with a diagnosis of chronic periodontitis (40 localized chronic periodontitis sites) aged between 35 and 55 were selected. None of these patients previously received any surgical or non-surgical periodontal therapy, and they presented radiographic evidence of moderate bone loss. Two non-adjacent sites in different quadrants were identified and observed in each patient, analyzing treatment effectiveness (split-mouth design). Clinical pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, and bleeding on probing were evaluated at time 0 and after 6 months, while microbial analysis (MA) was conducted at baseline and after 15 days. Significant differences were calculated using SPSS program and paired simple statistic t-test. Results: Total bacteria loadings had a statistically significant reduction before and after treatment with SRP (left site) (total average decrease of 27%). The sites treated with SRP plus ALADENT (right) showed a significantly reduced total bacterial loading compared to the untreated sites (right) (total average decrease of 75%). Mean values of CAL/PD and percentages data of BOP, recorded after SRP + ALADENT therapy, showed a higher reduction (CAL = 2.42, PD = 2.87 mm, 90% of sites with no bleeding) than those obtained after SRP treatment (CAL = 4.08 mm, PD = 4.73 mm, 70% of sites with no bleeding). Conclusion: The treatment of moderate and severe chronic periodontitis should include, beside SRP, the use of ALADENT medical device, which has been proved to be a useful adjuvant therapy.
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Jabeen G, Ahmad MH, Aslam M, Riaz S, Hayat A, Nawaz MH. N-Doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) as fluorescent probes for detection of UV induced DNA damage. RSC Adv 2022; 12:22458-22464. [PMID: 36105959 PMCID: PMC9366598 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra04462e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
UV induced DNA damage can lead to the development of skin cancer, skin aging and cell death. In this study, we fabricated a fluorescence-based biosensor that can be applied to the detection of DNA damage caused by UV radiation with the help of nitrogen doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) as the probe material. In this paper, N-GQDs with good fluorescence efficiency have been synthesized by the hydrothermal method and were used as a fluorescent probe for the detection of UV damaged DNA. The fluorescence intensity of N-GQDs was quenched by the static quenching of UV damaged DNA through the formation of a N-GQD/UV damaged DNA complex. Moreover, the effects of different values of pH, NaCl and glucose on analytical performances of the sensor were also studied. Thus, using a fluorescence based approach, we demonstrated a quite simple, rapid, and inexpensive biosensor for the detection of DNA damage caused by UV radiation. UV induced DNA damage can lead to the development of skin cancer, skin aging and cell death.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulshan Jabeen
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Hassan Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sara Riaz
- Department of Chemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mian Hasnain Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University Islamabad, Lahore Campus, 54000, Pakistan
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7
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Quintero-Ruiz N, Corradi C, Moreno NC, de Souza TA, Pereira Castro L, Rocha CRR, Menck CFM. Mutagenicity Profile Induced by UVB Light in Human Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group C Cells †. Photochem Photobiol 2021; 98:713-731. [PMID: 34516658 DOI: 10.1111/php.13516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is one of the main pathways for genome protection against structural DNA damage caused by sunlight, which in turn is extensively related to skin cancer development. The mutation spectra induced by UVB were investigated by whole-exome sequencing of randomly selected clones of NER-proficient and XP-C-deficient human skin fibroblasts. As a model, a cell line unable to recognize and remove lesions (XP-C) was used and compared to the complemented isogenic control (COMP). As expected, a significant increase of mutagenesis was observed in irradiated XP-C cells, mainly C>T transitions, but also CC>TT and C>A base substitutions. Remarkably, the C>T mutations occur mainly at the second base of dipyrimidine sites in pyrimidine-rich sequence contexts, with 5'TC sequence the most mutated. Although T>N mutations were also significantly increased, they were not directly related to pyrimidine dimers. Moreover, the large-scale study of a single UVB irradiation on XP-C cells allowed recovering the typical mutation spectrum found in human skin cancer tumors. Eventually, the data may be used for comparison with the mutational profiles of skin tumors obtained from XP-C patients and may help to understand the mutational process in nonaffected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Quintero-Ruiz
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Camila Corradi
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tiago Antonio de Souza
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Tau GC Bioinformatics, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ligia Pereira Castro
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Drug resistance and mutagenesis Laboratory, Departmento de Oncologia Clínica e Experimental, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Laboratorio de reparo de DNA, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Dua S, Sharma P, Saini M, Rawat N, Rajendran R, Bansal S, Wakil AM, Beniwal M, Parashar A, Bajwa KK, Selokar NL, Kumar R, Kumar D, Yadav PS. Cryobanking of primary somatic cells of elite farm animals - A pilot study in domesticated water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis). Cryobiology 2020; 98:139-145. [PMID: 33301776 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2020.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Buffalo is an important farm animal species in South and South-east Asian countries. Cryopreservation allows long-term storage of somatic cells, which can be made available to research communities. This study aimed to 1) establish and cryopreserve somatic cells from elite buffaloes, and 2) share stored somatic cells and their associated data with researchers. To achieve these targets, somatic cells were established successfully from tail-skin biopsies of 17 buffaloes. The informative data such as buffalo details (breed, date of birth, sex, and age at the time of tissue biopsy collection, and production traits), the number of cryovials stored, and freezing dates were recorded in an electronic file and a printed inventory record. The established somatic cells were flat, spindle-shaped morphology, and expressed vimentin (a fibroblast-like cell type marker) and the negative expression of cytokeratin-18 (an epithelial cell type marker). Altogether, we cryopreserved 970 cryovials (0.1 million cells per vial) from two buffalo breeds, namely Murrah and Nili-Ravi (at least 45 cryovials per animal), for cryobanking. Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) experiments demonstrated the utility of cryopreserved cells to produce cloned buffaloes. Importantly, these cryopreserved somatic cells are made available to scientific communities. This study encourages the cryopreservation of somatic cells of elite farm animals for their utilization in cell-based research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Dua
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Papori Sharma
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Monika Saini
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Nidhi Rawat
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Rasika Rajendran
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Sonu Bansal
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Abubakar Muhammad Wakil
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Madhuri Beniwal
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Atul Parashar
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari Bajwa
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Naresh L Selokar
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India.
| | - Rajesh Kumar
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India.
| | - Prem Singh Yadav
- Division of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Buffaloes, Hisar, 125001, India.
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9
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Dalcin AJF, Roggia I, Felin S, Vizzotto BS, Mitjans M, Vinardell MP, Schuch AP, Ourique AF, Gomes P. UVB photoprotective capacity of hydrogels containing dihydromyricetin nanocapsules to UV-induced DNA damage. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111431. [PMID: 33142255 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We evaluate the effect of cationic nanocapsules containing dihydromyricetin (DMY) flavonoid for safe topical use in photoprotection against UV-induced DNA damage. The stability was investigated for feasibility to produce hydrogels containing cationic nanocapsules of the flavonoid DMY (NC-DMY) for 90 days under three different storage conditions (4 ± 2 °C, 25 ± 2 °C, and 40 ± 2 °C), as well as evaluation of skin permeation and its cytotoxicity in skin cell lines. The physicochemical and rheological characteristics were maintained during the analysis period under the different aforementioned conditions. However, at 25 °C and 40 °C, the formulations indicated yellowish coloration and DMY content reduction. Therefore, the ideal storage condition of 4 °C was adopted. DMY remained in the stratum corneum and the uppermost layers of the skin. Regarding safety, all formulations demonstrated to be safe for topical application. NC-DMY exhibited a 50% Solar Protection Factor (SPF-DNA) against DNA damage caused by UVB radiation and demonstrated 99.9% protection against DNA lesion induction. These findings establish a promising formulation containing nanoencapsulated DMY flavonoids with a photoprotective and antioxidant potential of eliminating reactive oxygen species formed by solar radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Júlia F Dalcin
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil; Nanosciences Post-Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Isabel Roggia
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil; Nanosciences Post-Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Sabrina Felin
- Laboratory of Nanotechnology, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Bruno S Vizzotto
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | | | | | - André P Schuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Aline F Ourique
- Nanosciences Post-Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
| | - Patrícia Gomes
- Nanosciences Post-Graduate Program in Nanosciences, Franciscan University, Santa Maria, Brazil.
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10
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Myers EM, Juhl AR. Particle association of Enterococcus sp. increases growth rates and simulated persistence in water columns of varying light attenuation and turbulent diffusivity. WATER RESEARCH 2020; 186:116140. [PMID: 33096438 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Predicting water quality and the human health risks associated with sewage-derived microbes requires understanding the fate and transport of these contaminants. Sewage-derived pathogen risks are typically assessed and monitored by measuring concentrations of fecal indicating bacteria (FIB), like Enterococcus sp. Previous research demonstrated that a high fraction of FIB is particle-associated, which can alter FIB dynamics within secondary water bodies. In this study, we experimentally quantified the effect of particle association on dark, temperature- and light-dependent growth and sinking rates of enterococci. Particle association significantly increased dark growth rates, light-dependent growth rates (i.e. decreased mortality), and sinking rates, relative to free-living enterococci. Simulations using a novel, 1-dimensional model parameterized by these rates indicate greater persistence (T90) for particle-associated enterococci in water bodies across a wide range of diffuse attenuation coefficients of light (Kd) and turbulent diffusivity (D) values. In addition, persistence of both fractions increased in simulated turbid and turbulent waters, compared to clear and/or quiescent conditions. Simulated persistence of both fractions also increased when enterococci discharges occurred later in a diel cycle (towards sunset, as opposed to sunrise), especially for the free-living population, because later discharges under our model conditions allowed both fractions to mix deeper before inactivation via sunlight. Model sensitivity testing revealed that T90 variability was greatest when dark growth rates were altered, suggesting that future empirical studies should focus on quantifying these rates for free-living and particle-associated sewage-derived microbes. Despite greater sensitivity of T90 to variability in dark growth rates, omitting light-dependent growth rates from simulations dramatically influenced T90 values. Our results demonstrate that particle association can increase enterococci persistence in receiving waters and highlight the importance of incorporating particle association in future water quality models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise M Myers
- Columbia University, 535 W 116th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA.
| | - Andrew R Juhl
- Columbia University, 535 W 116th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA; Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory, 61 Route 9W, Palisades, NY, 10964, USA
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Formation and Recognition of UV-Induced DNA Damage within Genome Complexity. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186689. [PMID: 32932704 PMCID: PMC7555853 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light is a natural genotoxic agent leading to the formation of photolesions endangering the genomic integrity and thereby the survival of living organisms. To prevent the mutagenetic effect of UV, several specific DNA repair mechanisms are mobilized to accurately maintain genome integrity at photodamaged sites within the complexity of genome structures. However, a fundamental gap remains to be filled in the identification and characterization of factors at the nexus of UV-induced DNA damage, DNA repair, and epigenetics. This review brings together the impact of the epigenomic context on the susceptibility of genomic regions to form photodamage and focuses on the mechanisms of photolesions recognition through the different DNA repair pathways.
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Masuda HP, Nakabashi M, Morgante PG, Kajihara D, de Setta N, Menck CFM, Van Sluys MA. Evidence for sub-functionalization of tandemly duplicated XPB nucleotide excision repair genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Gene 2020; 754:144818. [PMID: 32485308 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Plants are continuously exposed to agents that can generate DNA lesions. Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) is one of the repair pathways employed by plants to protect their genome, including from sunlight. The Xeroderma Pigmentosum type B (XPB) protein is a DNA helicase shown to be involved in NER and is also an essential subunitof the Transcription Factor IIH (TFIIH) complex. XPB was found to be a single copy gene in eukaryotes, but found as a tandem duplication in the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, AtXPB1 and AtXPB2. We aimed to investigate whether the XPB in tandem duplication was common within members of the Brassicaceae. We analyzed genomic DNA of species from different tribes of the family and the results indicate that the tandem duplication occurred in Camelineae tribe ancestor, of which A. thaliana belongs, at approximately 8 million years ago. Further experiments were devised to study possible functional roles for the A. thaliana AtXPB paralogs. A non-coincident expression profile of the paralogs was observed in various plant organs, developmental and cell cycle stages. AtXPB2 expression was observed in proliferating cells and clustered with the transcription of other components of the TFIIH such as p44, p52 and XPD/UVH6 along the cell cycle. AtXPB1 gene transcription, on the other hand, was enhanced specifically after UV-B irradiation in leaf trichomes. Altogether, our results reported herein suggest a functional specialization for the AtXPB paralogs: while the AtXPB2 paralog may have a role in cell proliferation and repair as XPB of other eukaryotes, the AtXPB1 paralog is most likely implicated in repair functions in highly specialized A. thaliana cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Paula Masuda
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | - Myna Nakabashi
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Patricia G Morgante
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus de Registro São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Kajihara
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Biologia Vascular, Instituto do Coração (InCor) da Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Nathalia de Setta
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas, Universidade Federal do ABC (UFABC), São Bernardo do Campo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Marie-Anne Van Sluys
- Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Magalhaes YT, Silva GET, Osaki JH, Rocha CRR, Forti FL. RHOAming Through the Nucleotide Excision Repair Pathway as a Mechanism of Cellular Response Against the Effects of UV Radiation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:816. [PMID: 33015036 PMCID: PMC7509447 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Typical Rho GTPases include the enzymes RhoA, Rac1, and Cdc42 that act as molecular switches to regulate essential cellular processes in eukaryotic cells such as actomyosin dynamics, cell cycle, adhesion, death and differentiation. Recently, it has been shown that different conditions modulate the activity of these enzymes, but their functions still need to be better understood. Here we examine the interplay between RhoA and the NER (Nucleotide Excision Repair) pathway in human cells exposed to UVA, UVB or UVC radiation. The results show high levels and accumulation of UV-induced DNA lesions (strand breaks and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers, CPDs) in different cells with RhoA loss of function (LoF), either by stable overexpression of negative dominant RhoA (RhoA-N19 mutant), by inhibition with C3 toxin or by transient silencing with siRNA. Cells under RhoA LoF showed reduced levels of γH2AX, p-Chk1 (Ser345) and p-p53 (Ser15) that reflected causally in their accumulation in G1/S phases, in low survival rates and in reduced cell proliferation, also in accordance with the energy of applied UV light. Even NER-deficient cells (XPA, XPC) or DNA translesion synthesis (TLS)-deficient cells (XPV) showed substantial hypersensitivity to UV effects when previously submitted to RhoA LoF. In contrast, analyses of apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy and senescence revealed that all cells displaying normal levels of active RhoA (RhoA-GTP) are more resistant to UV-promoted cell death. This work reaffirms the role of RhoA protein signaling in protecting cells from damage caused by UV radiation and demonstrates relevant communicating mechanisms between actin cytoskeleton and genomic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli T Magalhaes
- Biomolecular Systems Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gisele E T Silva
- Biomolecular Systems Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana H Osaki
- Biomolecular Systems Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clarissa R R Rocha
- DNA Repair Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Biomedical Sciences Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio L Forti
- Biomolecular Systems Signaling Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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14
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Rather RA, Bhagat M, Singh SK. Oncogenic BRAF, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy: Crosstalk and therapeutic targets in cutaneous melanoma. MUTATION RESEARCH. REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2020; 785:108321. [PMID: 32800272 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2020.108321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BRAF is a member of the RAF family of serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Oncogenic BRAF, in particular, BRAF V600E, can disturb the normal protein folding machinery in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) leading to accumulation of unfolded/misfolded proteins in the ER lumen, a condition known as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. To alleviate such conditions, ER-stressed cells have developed a highly robust and adaptable signaling network known as unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR is ordinarily a cytoprotective response and usually operates through the induction of autophagy, an intracellular lysosomal degradation pathway that directs damaged proteins, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles for bulk degradation and recycling. Both ER stress and autophagy are involved in the progression and chemoresistance of melanoma. Melanoma, which arises as a result of malignant transformation of melanocytes, exhibits exceptionally high therapeutic resistance. Many mechanisms of therapeutic resistance have been identified in individual melanoma patients and in preclinical BRAF-driven melanoma models. Recently, it has been recognized that oncogenic BRAF interacts with GRP78 and removes its inhibitory influence on the three fundamental ER stress sensors of UPR, PERK, IRE1α, and ATF6. Dissociation of GRP78 from these ER stress sensors prompts UPR that subsequently activates cytoprotective autophagy. Thus, pharmacological inhibition of BRAF-induced ER stress-mediated autophagy can potentially resensitize BRAF mutant melanoma tumors to apoptosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of how oncogenic BRAF elevates the basal level of ER stress-mediated autophagy in melanoma tumors is not well characterized. A better understanding of the crosstalk between oncogenic BRAF, ER stress and autophagy may provide a rationale for improving existing cancer therapies and identify novel targets for therapeutic intervention of melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafiq A Rather
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India.
| | - Madhulika Bhagat
- School of Biotechnology, University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, 180006, India
| | - Shashank K Singh
- Cancer Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
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15
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Gorgisen G, Ozkol H, Tuluce Y, Arslan A, Ecer Y, Keskin S, Kaya Z, Ragbetli MC. Silibinin and ellagic acid increase the expression of insulin receptor substrate 1 protein in ultraviolet irradiated rat skin. Biotech Histochem 2020; 95:641-646. [PMID: 32347127 DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2020.1753238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Daily exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light induces inflammation and tumorigenesis in the skin. Silibinin and ellagic acid are natural products that exhibit anti-inflammatory and anti-tumorigenic properties. Insulin receptor substrate protein 1 (IRS1) is important for skin homeostasis and physiology, but its activity following UV radiation remains unclear. We investigated the effects of ellagic acid and silibinin on IRS1 expression in ultraviolet A (UVA) and ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiated rat skin. Forty-two female Wistar rats were divided randomly into six groups of seven animals. The dorsal skin of rats was exposed to UVA + UVB, then treated with ellagic acid and silibinin by gavage. IRS1 expression in skin tissues was determined by western blot analysis. IRS1 expression increased significantly following treatment with ellagic acid and silibinin in UVA + UVB irradiated skin compared to the UVA + UVB only group. After UVA + UVB treatment, ellagic acid effected greater induction of IRS1 expression than silibinin. Our findings suggest that the photoprotective roles of ellagic acid and silibinin may be due to induction of IRS1 expression in UVA + UVB treated rat skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gorgisen
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - H Ozkol
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - Y Tuluce
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - A Arslan
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - Y Ecer
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - S Keskin
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - Z Kaya
- Department of Medical Biology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
| | - M C Ragbetli
- Department of Medical Histology and Embryology, Van Yuzuncu Yil University Medical School , Van, Turkey
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16
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Alsulami QA, Albukhari SM, Hussein MA, Tay GS, Rozman HD. Biodegradable lignin as a reactive raw material in UV curable systems. POLYM-PLAST TECH MAT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/25740881.2020.1750649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qana A. Alsulami
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Soha M. Albukhari
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud A. Hussein
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Polymer Chemistry Laboratory 122, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - G. S. Tay
- Division of Bio-Resources Paper & Coating Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - H. D. Rozman
- Division of Bio-Resources Paper & Coating Technology, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Cluster for Polymer Composite, Engineering Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
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17
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Radunović M, Petrini M, Vlajic T, Iezzi G, Di Lodovico S, Piattelli A, D'Ercole S. Effects of a novel gel containing 5-aminolevulinic acid and red LED against bacteria involved in peri-implantitis and other oral infections. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2020; 205:111826. [PMID: 32146270 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2020.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is a major public health problem worldwide and the finding of alternative methods for eliminating bacteria is one of the prerogatives of medical research. The indiscriminate use of antibiotics in dentistry, especially for the treatment of peri-implantitis, could lead to superinfections. Alternative methods, like photodynamic therapy mediated by the use of aminolevulinic acid and a red light has been largely described, especially in dentistry, but results were encouraging against Gram-positive bacteria, but limited against Gram-negative. The effectiveness of photodynamic therapy mediated by a novel product containing aminolevulinic acid, Aladent (ALAD) has been tested in this in vitro study, against different types of bacteria particularly involved in the infections of the oral cavity and peri-implantitis. The novelty of ALAD is the marked hydrophilicity that should increase the passage of the molecule through the membrane pores of Gram-negative bacteria. Considering the novelty of the product a preliminary experiment permitted to test the effectiveness against Enterococcus faecalis after 1 h of ALAD incubation at different concentrations, with or without different timings of LED irradiation. The count of CFUs and the live/dead observation with fluorescent microscopy showed a significant reduction and killing of bacterium. Then, in the second stage, that could meet the necessity of effectiveness and the clinician's requests to reduce the timing of treatment, ALAD, with and without irradiation, was tested on Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Veillonella parvula and Porphyromonas gingivalis. In particular, the efficiency of different concentrations of the product after a 25 min incubation was tested with and without the adjunctive LED irradiation for 5 min. A slight ALAD bactericidal effect was reported for all bacteria, also without LED irradiation, however, the most effective treatment was 25 min of 50% ALAD incubation followed by 5 min of a red LED. The in vitro tests demonstrated that ALAD gel with LED irradiation exerts a potent antibacterial activity on different bacteria, both Gram-positive and Gram-negative.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Radunović
- Laboratory for Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - M Petrini
- Specialist in Oral Surgery, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Science, University G. d'Annunzio of Chieti, Italy.
| | - T Vlajic
- Laboratory for Microbiology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Belgrade, Serbia
| | - G Iezzi
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - S Di Lodovico
- Microbiology Unit, Department of Pharmacy, University of Chieti, Italy
| | - A Piattelli
- Dean of Oral Pathology, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Italy, Ceo of Biomaterials Engineering, Universidad Catolica de San Antonio de Murcia, Spain, Fondazione Villa Serena per la Ricerca, Città S. Angelo, Italy
| | - S D'Ercole
- Microbiology and Paediatric Dentistry Unit, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti, Via dei Vestini 31, 66013, Italy
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18
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Nnadozie CF, Odume ON. Freshwater environments as reservoirs of antibiotic resistant bacteria and their role in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance genes. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 254:113067. [PMID: 31465907 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater environments are susceptible to possible contamination by residual antibiotics that are released through different sources, such as agricultural runoffs, sewage discharges and leaching from nearby farms. Freshwater environment can thus become reservoirs where an antibiotic impact microorganisms, and is an important public health concern. Degradation and dilution processes are fundamental for predicting the actual risk of antibiotic resistance dissemination from freshwater reservoirs. This study reviews major approaches for detecting and quantifying antibiotic resistance bacteria (ARBs) and genes (ARGs) in freshwater and their prevalence in these environments. Finally, the role of dilution, degradation, transmission and the persistence and fate of ARB/ARG in these environments are also reviewed. Culture-based single strain approaches and molecular techniques that include polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and metagenomics are techniques for quantifying ARB and ARGs in freshwater environments. The level of ARBs is extremely high in most of the river systems (up to 98% of the total detected bacteria), followed by lakes (up to 77% of the total detected bacteria), compared to dam, pond, and spring (<1%). Of most concern is the occurrence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin resistant Enterococcus (VRE), which cause highly epidemic infections. Dilution and natural degradation do not completely eradicate ARBs and ARGs in the freshwater environment. Even if the ARBs in freshwater are effectively inactivated by sunlight, their ARG-containing DNA can still be intact and capable of transferring resistance to non-resistant strains. Antibiotic resistance persists and is preserved in freshwater bodies polluted with high concentrations of antibiotics. Direct transmission of indigenous freshwater ARBs to humans as well as their transitory insertion in the microbiota can occur. These findings are disturbing especially for people that rely on freshwater resources for drinking, crop irrigation, and food in form of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika F Nnadozie
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa.
| | - Oghenekaro Nelson Odume
- Unilever Centre for Environmental Water Quality, Institute for Water Research, Rhodes University, PO Box 94, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa
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González-Rojo S, Fernández-Díez C, Lombó M, Herráez MP. Distribution of DNA damage in the human sperm nucleus: implications of the architecture of the sperm head. Asian J Androl 2019; 22:401-408. [PMID: 31210149 PMCID: PMC7406100 DOI: 10.4103/aja.aja_26_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The sperm nucleus is prone to sustain DNA damage before and after ejaculation. Distribution of the damage is not homogeneous, and the factors determining differential sensitivity among nuclear regions have not yet been characterized. Human sperm chromatin contains three structural domains, two of which are considered the most susceptible to DNA damage: the histone bound domain, harboring developmental related genes, and the domain associated with nuclear matrix proteins. Using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) approach, we analyzed the number of lesions in genes homeobox A3 (HOXA3), homeobox B5 (HOXB5), sex-determining region Y (SRY)-box 2 (SOX2), β-GLOBIN, rDNA 18S, and rDNA 28S in human sperm after ultraviolet irradiation (400 μW cm−2, 10 min), H2O2 treatment (250 mmol l−1, 20 min), and cryopreservation, which showed differential susceptibility to genetic damage. Differential vulnerability is dependent on the genotoxic agent and independent of the sperm nuclear proteins to which the chromatin is bound and of accessibility to the transcription machinery. Immunodetection of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) showed that the highest level of oxidation was observed after H2O2 treatment. The distribution of oxidative lesions also differed depending on the genotoxic agent. 8-OHdG did not colocalize either with histone 3 (H3) or with type IIα + β topoisomerase (TOPO IIα + β) after H2O2 treatment but matched perfectly with peroxiredoxin 6 (PRDX6), which is involved in H2O2 metabolism. Our study reveals that the characteristics of the sperm head domains are responsible for access of the genotoxicants and cause differential degree of damage to nuclear areas, whereas chromatin packaging has a very limited relevance. The histone-enriched genes analyzed cannot be used as biomarkers of oxidative DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia González-Rojo
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n León, León 24071, Spain
| | - Cristina Fernández-Díez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n León, León 24071, Spain
| | - Marta Lombó
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n León, León 24071, Spain
| | - María Paz Herráez
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, Universidad de León, Campus de Vegazana s/n León, León 24071, Spain
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20
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Impact of solar UV radiation on amphibians: focus on genotoxic stress. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2019; 842:14-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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21
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Selokar NL, Sharma P, Krishna A, Kumar D, Kumar D, Saini M, Sharma A, Vijayalakshmy K, Yadav PS. Establishment of a Somatic Cell Bank for Indian Buffalo Breeds and Assessing the Suitability of the Cryopreserved Cells for Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer. Cell Reprogram 2019; 20:157-163. [PMID: 29851497 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2017.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Biobanks of cryopreserved gametes and embryos of domestic animals have been utilized to spread desired genotypes and to conserve the animal germplasm of endangered breeds. In principle, somatic cells can be used for the same purposes, and for reviving of animals, the somatic cells must be suitable for animal cloning techniques, such as somatic cell nuclear transfer. In the present study, we derived and cryopreserved somatic cells from three breeds of riverine and swamp-like type buffaloes and established a somatic cell bank. In total, 350 cryovials of 14 different individual animals (25 cryovials per animal) were cryopreserved and informative data such as breed value, origin, and others were documented. Immunostaining of the established cells against vimentin and cytokeratin suggested a commitment to the fibroblast lineage. In addition, microsatellite analysis was performed and documented for unambiguous parentage verification of clones in the future. Subsequently, the cryopreserved cells were tested for their suitability as nuclear donors (n = 7) using handmade cloning, and the reconstructed embryos were cultured in vitro. The cleavage rates (95.99% ± 2.17% vs. 82.18% ± 2.50%) and blastocyst rates (37.73% ± 1.54% vs. 24.31% ± 1.78%) were higher (p < 0.05) for riverine buffalo cells than that of swamp-like buffalo cells, whereas the total cell numbers of blastocysts (258.16 ± 36.25 vs. 198.16 ± 36.25, respectively) were similar. In conclusion, we demonstrated the feasibility of biobanking of buffalo somatic cells, and that the cryopreserved cells can be used to produce cloned embryos. This study encourages the development of somatic cell biobanks of domestic livestock, including endangered breeds of buffalo, to preserve valuable genotypes for future revitalization by animal cloning techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh L Selokar
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India
| | - Papori Sharma
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India .,2 Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Hisar, India
| | - Ananth Krishna
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India .,2 Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Hisar, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India
| | - Dharmendra Kumar
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India
| | - Monika Saini
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India
| | - Arpna Sharma
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India
| | - Kennady Vijayalakshmy
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India .,2 Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences , Hisar, India
| | - Prem Singh Yadav
- 1 ICAR-Central Institute of Research on Buffaloes , Hisar, India
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22
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Krzywon A, Widel M. Bystander Me45 Melanoma Cells Increase Damaging Effect in UVC-irradiated Cells. Photochem Photobiol 2019; 95:1019-1028. [PMID: 30613987 DOI: 10.1111/php.13080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the possible mechanism(s) of the bystander effect induced by UVC light in malignant melanoma Me45 cells that were co-incubated with irradiated cells of the same line. We have found that the UVC band effectively generated apoptosis, premature senescence, single and double DNA strand breaks and reduced clonogenic survival of bystander cells. However, in the feedback response, the bystander cells intensified damage in directly irradiated cells, especially seen at the level of apoptosis and survival of clonogenic cells. Pretreatment of bystander cells with inhibitor of inducible nitric oxide synthase blocks this signaling. It seems that the mediators of this phenomenon produced and secreted by neighboring cells are superoxide, nitric oxide and TGF-β. The reverse deleterious effect caused by cells not exposed to UVC in directly exposed cells is opposed to the protective/rescue effect exerted by the bystander cells in the case of ionizing radiation known in the literature. Whether this opposite adverse effect is a feature of only Me45 melanoma cells or whether it is a general phenomenon occurring between cells of other types exposed to ultraviolet radiation requires further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Krzywon
- Biosystems Group, Faculty of Automatics, Electronics and Informatics, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Maria Widel
- Biosystems Group, Faculty of Automatics, Electronics and Informatics, Institute of Automatic Control, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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23
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Nelson KL, Boehm AB, Davies-Colley RJ, Dodd MC, Kohn T, Linden KG, Liu Y, Maraccini PA, McNeill K, Mitch WA, Nguyen TH, Parker KM, Rodriguez RA, Sassoubre LM, Silverman AI, Wigginton KR, Zepp RG. Sunlight-mediated inactivation of health-relevant microorganisms in water: a review of mechanisms and modeling approaches. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2018; 20:1089-1122. [PMID: 30047962 PMCID: PMC7064263 DOI: 10.1039/c8em00047f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Health-relevant microorganisms present in natural surface waters and engineered treatment systems that are exposed to sunlight can be inactivated by a complex set of interacting mechanisms. The net impact of sunlight depends on the solar spectral irradiance, the susceptibility of the specific microorganism to each mechanism, and the water quality; inactivation rates can vary by orders of magnitude depending on the organism and environmental conditions. Natural organic matter (NOM) has a large influence, as it can attenuate radiation and thus decrease inactivation by endogenous mechanisms. Simultaneously NOM sensitizes the formation of reactive intermediates that can damage microorganisms via exogenous mechanisms. To accurately predict inactivation and design engineered systems that enhance solar inactivation, it is necessary to model these processes, although some details are not yet sufficiently well understood. In this critical review, we summarize the photo-physics, -chemistry, and -biology that underpin sunlight-mediated inactivation, as well as the targets of damage and cellular responses to sunlight exposure. Viruses that are not susceptible to exogenous inactivation are only inactivated if UVB wavelengths (280-320 nm) are present, such as in very clear, open waters or in containers that are transparent to UVB. Bacteria are susceptible to slightly longer wavelengths. Some viruses and bacteria (especially Gram-positive) are susceptible to exogenous inactivation, which can be initiated by visible as well as UV wavelengths. We review approaches to model sunlight-mediated inactivation and illustrate how the environmental conditions can dramatically shift the inactivation rate of organisms. The implications of this mechanistic understanding of solar inactivation are discussed for a range of applications, including recreational water quality, natural treatment systems, solar disinfection of drinking water (SODIS), and enhanced inactivation via the use of sensitizers and photocatalysts. Finally, priorities for future research are identified that will further our understanding of the key role that sunlight disinfection plays in natural systems and the potential to enhance this process in engineered systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kara L Nelson
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Kamenisch Y, Ivanova I, Drexler K, Berneburg M. UVA, metabolism and melanoma: UVA makes melanoma hungry for metastasis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 27:941-949. [PMID: 29658146 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) radiation has a plethora of effects on human tissues. In the UV spectrum, wavelengths above 320 nm fall into the UVA range, and for these, it has been shown that they induce reactive oxygen species (ROS), DNA mutations and are capable to induce melanoma in mice. In addition to this, it was recently shown that UVA irradiation and UVA-induced ROS also increase glucose metabolism of melanoma cells. UVA irradiation causes a persistent increase in glucose consumption, accompanied by increased glycolysis, increased lactic acid production and activation of the pentose phosphate pathway. Furthermore, it was shown that the enhanced secretion of lactic acid is important for invasion of melanoma in vitro. The current knowledge of this link between UVA, metabolism and melanoma, possible mechanisms of UVA-induced glucose metabolism and their starting points are discussed in this review with focus on ROS- and UVA-induced cellular stress signalling, DNA damage signalling and DNA repair systems. When looking at the benefits of UVA-induced glucose metabolism, it becomes apparent that there are more advantages of these metabolic changes than one would expect. Besides the role of lactic acid as initiator of protease expression and invasion, its role for immune escape of melanoma cells and the pentose phosphate pathway-derived nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) as part of a ROS detoxification strategy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- York Kamenisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Irina Ivanova
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin Drexler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Berneburg
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Sunlight-induced genotoxicity and damage in keratin structures decrease tadpole performance. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY B-BIOLOGY 2018; 181:134-142. [PMID: 29567314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2018.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 03/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The increased incidence of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation, an environmental genotoxic agent, due to ozone depletion or deforestation may help to explain the enigmatic decline of amphibian populations in specific localities. In this work, we evaluated the importance of DNA repair performed by photolyases to maintain the performance of treefrog tadpoles after acute and chronic treatments with environmental-simulated doses of solar UVB and UVA radiation. Immediately after UV treatments, tadpoles were exposed to a visible light source to activate photolyases or kept in dark containers. The biological effects of UV treatments were evaluated through morphological, histological, locomotor and survival analyzes of Boana pulchella tadpoles (Anura: Hylidae). The results indicate that tadpole body weight suffered influence after both UVB and UVA treatments, although the body length was bit affected. The locomotor performance of UVB-exposed tadpoles was significantly reduced. In addition, UVB radiation induced a severe impact on tadpole skin, as well as on keratinized structures of mouth (tooth rows and jaw), indicating that these should be important effects of solar UV radiation in the reduction of tadpole performance. Furthermore, photolyases activation was fundamental for the maintenance of tadpole performance after chronic UVB exposures, but it was relatively inefficient after acute exposures to UVB, but not to UVA radiation. Therefore, this work demonstrates how the UV-induced genotoxicity and structural alterations in the skin and oral apparatus affect tadpole performance and survival.
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26
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Quinet A, Lerner LK, Martins DJ, Menck CFM. Filling gaps in translesion DNA synthesis in human cells. MUTATION RESEARCH-GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2018; 836:127-142. [PMID: 30442338 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
During DNA replication, forks may encounter unrepaired lesions that hamper DNA synthesis. Cells have universal strategies to promote damage bypass allowing cells to survive. DNA damage tolerance can be performed upon template switch or by specialized DNA polymerases, known as translesion (TLS) polymerases. Human cells count on more than eleven TLS polymerases and this work reviews the functions of some of these enzymes: Rev1, Pol η, Pol ι, Pol κ, Pol θ and Pol ζ. The mechanisms of damage bypass vary according to the lesion, as well as to the TLS polymerases available, and may occur directly at the fork during replication. Alternatively, the lesion may be skipped, leaving a single-stranded DNA gap that will be replicated later. Details of the participation of these enzymes are revised for the replication of damaged template. TLS polymerases also have functions in other cellular processes. These include involvement in somatic hypermutation in immunoglobulin genes, direct participation in recombination and repair processes, and contributing to replicating noncanonical DNA structures. The importance of DNA damage replication to cell survival is supported by recent discoveries that certain genes encoding TLS polymerases are induced in response to DNA damaging agents, protecting cells from a subsequent challenge to DNA replication. We retrace the findings on these genotoxic (adaptive) responses of human cells and show the common aspects with the SOS responses in bacteria. Paradoxically, although TLS of DNA damage is normally an error prone mechanism, in general it protects from carcinogenesis, as evidenced by increased tumorigenesis in xeroderma pigmentosum variant patients, who are deficient in Pol η. As these TLS polymerases also promote cell survival, they constitute an important mechanism by which cancer cells acquire resistance to genotoxic chemotherapy. Therefore, the TLS polymerases are new potential targets for improving therapy against tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Quinet
- Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
| | - Leticia K Lerner
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology,Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
| | - Davi J Martins
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos F M Menck
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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27
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Urosa A, Tobal IE, de la Granja ÁP, Capitán MC, Moro RF, Marcos IS, Garrido NM, Sanz F, Calle E, Díez D. Diastereoselective synthesis of chiral 1,3-cyclohexadienals. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0192113. [PMID: 29438416 PMCID: PMC5810990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0192113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel approach to the production of chiral 1,3-cyclohexadienals has been developed. The organocatalysed asymmetric reaction of different β-disubstituted-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with a chiral α,β-unsaturated aldehyde in the presence of a Jørgensen-Hayashi organocatalyst provides easy and stereocontrolled access to the cyclohexadienal backbone. This method allows for the synthesis of potential photoprotective chiral 1,3-cyclohexadienals and extra extended conjugation compounds in a simple manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aitor Urosa
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ignacio E. Tobal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Ángela P. de la Granja
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - M. Carmen Capitán
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - R. F. Moro
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Isidro S. Marcos
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Narciso M. Garrido
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Francisca Sanz
- Servicio de Difracción de Rayos X, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Emilio Calle
- Departamento de Química Física, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - David Díez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Enhancement of UVB-induced DNA damage repair after a chronic low-dose UVB pre-stimulation. DNA Repair (Amst) 2018; 63:56-62. [PMID: 29448173 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Absorption of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation by DNA leads to the formation of the highly mutagenic cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD). The mutagenicity of CPD is caused, in part, by the fact that their recognition and repair by the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is challenging and slow. It has been previously shown that a pre-stimulation with genotoxic agents improve NER efficiency of CPD, indicating a potential adaptive response of this repair pathway. We have pre-treated human dermal fibroblasts with repeated subletal low doses of UVB (chronic low-dose of UVB; CLUV) to determine whether it could enhance NER capacity to repair CPD. Our results show that CLUV pre-treatment greatly enhances CPD repair but have little effect on the repair of another UV-induced bypirimidine photoproduct, the pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6-4 PP). We have determined that the CLUV treatment activates p53 and we found an increase of DDB2 and XPC gene expression. This is consistent with an increasing level of NER recognition proteins, DDB2 and XPC, we found concentrated at the chromatin. This study represents the first demonstration that chronic UVB exposure can stimulate NER pathway. Altogether, these results shed light on the potential adaptability of the NER by chronic UVB irradiation and the mechanisms involved.
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Londero JEL, Dos Santos CP, Segatto ALA, Passaglia Schuch A. Impacts of UVB radiation on food consumption of forest specialist tadpoles. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 143:12-18. [PMID: 28486144 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) is an important environmental stressor for amphibian populations due to its genotoxicity, especially in early developmental stages. Nonetheless, there is an absence of works focused on the UVB effects on tadpoles' food consumption efficiency. In this work, we investigated the effects of the exposure to a low environmental-simulated dose of UVB radiation on food consumption of tadpoles of the forest specialist Hypsiboas curupi [Hylidae, Anura] species. After UVB treatment tadpoles were divided and exposed to a visible light source or kept in the dark, in order to indirectly evaluate the efficiency of DNA repair performed by photolyases and nucleotide excision repair (NER), respectively. The body mass and the amount of food in tadpoles' guts were verified in both conditions and these data were complemented by the micronuclei frequency in blood cells. Furthermore, the keratinized labial tooth rows were analyzed in order to check for possible UVB-induced damage in this structure. Our results clearly show that the body weight decrease induced by UVB radiation occurs due to the reduction of tadpoles' food consumption. This behavior is directly correlated with the genotoxic impact of UVB light, since the micronuclei frequency significantly increased after treatments. Surprisingly, the results indicate that photoreactivation treatment was ineffective to restore the food consumption activity and body weight values, suggesting a low efficiency of photolyases enzymes in this species. In addition, UVB treatments induced a higher number of breaks in the keratinized labial tooth rows, which could be also associated with the decrease of food consumption. This work contributes to better understand the process of weight loss observed in tadpoles exposed to UVB radiation and emphasizes the susceptibility of forest specialist amphibian species to sunlight-induced genotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Eduardo Lago Londero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTIC, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Caroline Peripolli Dos Santos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTIC, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTIC, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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30
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Yagura T, Schuch AP, Garcia CCM, Rocha CRR, Moreno NC, Angeli JPF, Mendes D, Severino D, Bianchini Sanchez A, Di Mascio P, de Medeiros MHG, Menck CFM. Direct participation of DNA in the formation of singlet oxygen and base damage under UVA irradiation. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:86-93. [PMID: 28323132 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
UVA light is hardly absorbed by the DNA molecule, but recent works point to a direct mechanism of DNA lesion by these wavelengths. UVA light also excite endogenous chromophores, which causes DNA damage through ROS. In this study, DNA samples were irradiated with UVA light in different conditions to investigate possible mechanisms involved in the induction of DNA damage. The different types of DNA lesions formed after irradiation were determined through the use of endonucleases, which recognize and cleave sites containing oxidized bases and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs), as well as through antibody recognition. The formation of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanine (8-oxodG) was also studied in more detail using electrochemical detection. The results show that high NaCl concentration and concentrated DNA are capable of reducing the induction of CPDs. Moreover, concerning damage caused by oxidative stress, the presence of sodium azide and metal chelators reduce their induction, while deuterated water increases the amounts of oxidized bases, confirming the involvement of singlet oxygen in the generation of these lesions. Curiously, however, high concentrations of DNA also enhanced the formation of oxidized bases, in a reaction that paralleled the increase in the formation of singlet oxygen in the solution. This was interpreted as being due to an intrinsic photosensitization mechanism, depending directly on the DNA molecule to absorb UVA and generate singlet oxygen. Therefore, the DNA molecule itself may act as a chromophore for UVA light, locally producing a damaging agent, which may lead to even greater concerns about the deleterious impact of sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teiti Yagura
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - André Passaglia Schuch
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97110-970 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Camila Carrião Machado Garcia
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Biológicas & Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 35400-000 Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | - Clarissa Ribeiro Reily Rocha
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Natália Cestari Moreno
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Pedro Friedmann Angeli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Davi Mendes
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Divinomar Severino
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Angelica Bianchini Sanchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paolo Di Mascio
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Frederico Martins Menck
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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31
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Maraccini PA, Wenk J, Boehm AB. Exogenous indirect photoinactivation of bacterial pathogens and indicators in water with natural and synthetic photosensitizers in simulated sunlight with reduced UVB. J Appl Microbiol 2017; 121:587-97. [PMID: 27207818 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the UVB-independent and exogenous indirect photoinactivation of eight human health-relevant bacterial species in the presence of photosensitizers. METHODS AND RESULTS Eight bacterial species were exposed to simulated sunlight with greatly reduced UVB light intensity in the presence of three synthetic photosensitizers and two natural photosensitizers. Inactivation curves were fit with shoulder log-linear or first-order kinetic models, from which the presence of a shoulder and magnitude of inactivation rate constants were compared. Eighty-four percent reduction in the UVB light intensity roughly matched a 72-95% reduction in the overall bacterial photoinactivation rate constants in sensitizer-free water. With the UVB light mostly reduced, the exogenous indirect mechanism contribution was evident for most bacteria and photosensitizers tested, although most prominently with the Gram-positive bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Results confirm the importance of UVB light in bacterial photoinactivation and, with the reduction of the UVB light intensity, that the Gram-positive bacteria are more vulnerable to the exogenous indirect mechanism than Gram-negative bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY UVB is the most important range of the sunlight spectrum for bacterial photoinactivation. In aquatic environments where photosensitizers are present and there is high UVB light attenuation, UVA and visible wavelengths can contribute to exogenous indirect photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Maraccini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, CA, USA
| | - J Wenk
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, CA, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - A B Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.,Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, CA, USA
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Maisch T, Bosserhoff AK, Unger P, Heider J, Shimizu T, Zimmermann JL, Morfill GE, Landthaler M, Karrer S. Investigation of toxicity and mutagenicity of cold atmospheric argon plasma. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2017; 58:172-177. [PMID: 28370324 DOI: 10.1002/em.22086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric argon plasma is recognized as a new contact free approach for the decrease of bacterial load on chronic wounds in patients. So far very limited data are available on its toxicity and mutagenicity on eukaryotic cells. Thus, the toxic/mutagenic potential of cold atmospheric argon plasma using the MicroPlaSter β® , which has been used efficiently in humans treating chronic and acute wounds, was investigated using the XTT assay in keratinocytes and fibroblasts and the HGPRT (hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyl transferase) assay with V79 Chinese hamster cells. The tested clinical parameter of a 2 min cold atmospheric argon plasma treatment revealed no relevant toxicity on keratinocytes (viability: 76% ± 0.17%) and on fibroblasts (viability: 81.8 ± 0.10) after 72 hr as compared to the untreated controls. No mutagenicity was detected in the HGPRT assay with V79 cells even after repetitive CAP treatments of 2-10 min every 24 hr for up to 5 days. In contrast, UV-C irradiation of V79 cells, used as a positive control in the HGPRT test, led to DNA damage and mutagenic effects. Our findings indicate that cold atmospheric plasma using the MicroPlaSter β® shows negligible effects on keratinocytes and fibroblasts but no mutagenic potential in the HGPRT assay, indicating a new contact free safe technology. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 58:172-177, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maisch
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - A K Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer Zentrum, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen, CCC-ENM, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - P Unger
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - J Heider
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - T Shimizu
- Formerly Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Terraplasma GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - J L Zimmermann
- Formerly Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Terraplasma GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - G E Morfill
- Formerly Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics, Garching, Germany
- Terraplasma GmbH, Garching, Germany
| | - M Landthaler
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - S Karrer
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Quintero Ruiz N, Córdoba Campo Y, Stashenko EE, Fuentes JL. Antigenotoxic Effect Against Ultraviolet Radiation-induced DNA Damage of the Essential Oils from Lippia Species. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1063-1072. [PMID: 28178379 DOI: 10.1111/php.12735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The antigenotoxicity against ultraviolet radiation (UV)-induced DNA damage of essential oils (EO) from Lippia species was studied using SOS Chromotest. Based on the minimum concentration that significantly inhibits genotoxicity, the genoprotective potential of EO from highest to lowest was Lippia graveolens, thymol-RC ≈ Lippia origanoides, carvacrol-RC ≈ L. origanoides, thymol-RC > Lippia alba, citral-RC ≈ Lippia citriodora, citral-RC ≈ Lippia micromera, thymol-RC > L. alba, myrcenone-RC. EO from L. alba, carvone/limonene-RC, L. origanoides, α-phellandrene-RC and L. dulcis, trans-β-caryophyllene-RC did not reduce the UV genotoxicity at any of the doses tested. A gas chromatography with flame ionization detection analysis (GC-FID) was conducted to evaluate the solubility of the major EO constituents under our experimental conditions. GC-FID analysis showed that, at least partially, major EO constituents were water-soluble and therefore, they were related with the antigenotoxicity detected for EO. Constituents such as p-cymene, geraniol, carvacrol, thymol, citral and 1,8-cineole showed antigenotoxicity. The antioxidant activity of EO constituents was also determined using the oxygen radical antioxidant capacity (ORAC) assay. The results showed that the antigenotoxicity of the EO constituents was unconnected with their antioxidant activity. The antigenotoxicity to different constituent binary mixtures suggests that synergistic effects can occur in some of the studied EO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Quintero Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Yuri Córdoba Campo
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Elena E Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.,Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas, Centro de Investigación de Excelencia, CENIVAM, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Drigeard Desgarnier MC, Fournier F, Droit A, Rochette PJ. Influence of a pre-stimulation with chronic low-dose UVB on stress response mechanisms in human skin fibroblasts. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173740. [PMID: 28301513 PMCID: PMC5354420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to solar ultraviolet type B (UVB), through the induction of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD), is the major risk factor for cutaneous cancer. Cells respond to UV-induced CPD by triggering the DNA damage response (DDR) responsible for signaling DNA repair, programmed cell death and cell cycle arrest. Underlying mechanisms implicated in the DDR have been extensively studied using single acute UVB irradiation. However, little is known concerning the consequences of chronic low-dose of UVB (CLUV) on the DDR. Thus, we have investigated the effect of a CLUV pre-stimulation on the different stress response pathways. We found that CLUV pre-stimulation enhances CPD repair capacity and leads to a cell cycle delay but leave residual unrepaired CPD. We further analyzed the consequence of the CLUV regimen on general gene and protein expression. We found that CLUV treatment influences biological processes related to the response to stress at the transcriptomic and proteomic levels. This overview study represents the first demonstration that human cells respond to chronic UV irradiation by modulating their genotoxic stress response mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Catherine Drigeard Desgarnier
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Frédéric Fournier
- Centre de Protéomique, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médicine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnaud Droit
- Centre de Protéomique, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Département de Médicine Moléculaire, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Patrick J. Rochette
- Axe Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec – Université Laval, Hôpital du Saint-Sacrement, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse Expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
- Département d’Ophtalmologie et ORL - Chirurgie Cervico-Faciale, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Fuentes JL, García Forero A, Quintero Ruiz N, Prada Medina CA, Rey Castellanos N, Franco Niño DA, Contreras García DA, Córdoba Campo Y, Stashenko EE. The SOS Chromotest applied for screening plant antigenotoxic agents against ultraviolet radiation. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2017; 16:1424-1434. [DOI: 10.1039/c7pp00024c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We proposed the SOS Chromotest for bioprospecting of plant genoprotective agents against UV-induced genotoxicity. The Colombian flora resulted to be a source of antigenotoxic compounds against UV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. L. Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - A. García Forero
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - N. Quintero Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - C. A. Prada Medina
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - N. Rey Castellanos
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - D. A. Franco Niño
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - D. A. Contreras García
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental
- Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología y Genética
- Escuela de Biología
- Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)
- Bucaramanga
| | - Y. Córdoba Campo
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas
- CIBIMOL
- Centro de Investigación de Excelencia
- CENIVAM
- UIS
| | - E. E. Stashenko
- Centro de Investigación en Biomoléculas
- CIBIMOL
- Centro de Investigación de Excelencia
- CENIVAM
- UIS
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Dahl NW, Woodfield PL, Lemckert CJ, Stratton H, Roiko A. A practical model for sunlight disinfection of a subtropical maturation pond. WATER RESEARCH 2017; 108:151-159. [PMID: 27871746 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Maturation ponds are a type of waste stabilisation pond (WSP) designed to reduce carbon, nutrients and pathogens in the final stages of a WSP wastewater treatment system. In this study, a one-dimensional plug-flow pond model is proposed to predict temperature and E. coli concentration distributions and overall pond disinfection performance. The model accounts for the effects of vertical mixing and ultraviolet light-dependent die-off rate kinetics. Measurements of radiation, wind-speed, humidity and air temperature are recorded for model inputs and good agreement with measured vertical temperature distributions and outlet E. coli concentrations is found in an operational, subtropical maturation pond. Measurements and the model both show a diurnal pattern of stratification during daylight hours and natural convective mixing at night on days corresponding to low wind speeds, strong heat input from solar radiation and clear night skies. In the evenings, the thermal stratification is shown to collapse due to surface energy loss via longwave radiation which triggers top-down natural convective mixing. The disinfection model is found to be sensitive to the choice of die-off kinetics. The diurnal mixing pattern is found to play a vital role in the disinfection process by ensuring that pathogens are regularly transported to the near-surface layer where ultraviolet light penetration is effective. The model proposed in this paper offers clear advantages to pond designers by including geographical specific, time-varying boundary conditions and accounting for the important physical aspects of vertical mixing and sunlight inactivation processes, yet is computationally straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- N W Dahl
- Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - P L Woodfield
- Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
| | - C J Lemckert
- Griffith School of Engineering, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia; Smartwater Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Edmund Rice Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia.
| | - H Stratton
- Smartwater Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Edmund Rice Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia; School of Natural Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia.
| | - A Roiko
- Smartwater Research Centre, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Edmund Rice Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4215, Australia; School of Medicine, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland, 4222, Australia.
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Maraccini PA, Mattioli MCM, Sassoubre LM, Cao Y, Griffith JF, Ervin JS, Van De Werfhorst LC, Boehm AB. Solar Inactivation of Enterococci and Escherichia coli in Natural Waters: Effects of Water Absorbance and Depth. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5068-5076. [PMID: 27119980 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The decay of sewage-sourced Escherichia coli and enterococci was measured at multiple depths in a freshwater marsh, a brackish water lagoon, and a marine site, all located in California. The marine site had very clear water, while the waters from the marsh and lagoon contained colored dissolved organic matter that not only blocked light but also produced reactive oxygen species. First order decay rate constants of both enterococci and E. coli were between 1 and 2 d(-1) under low light conditions and as high as 6 d(-1) under high light conditions. First order decay rate constants were well correlated to the daily average UVB light intensity corrected for light screening incorporating water absorbance and depth, suggesting endogenous photoinactivation is a major pathway for bacterial decay. Additional laboratory experiments demonstrated the presence of colored dissolved organic matter in marsh water enhanced photoinactivation of a laboratory strain of Enterococcus faecalis, but depressed photoinactivation of sewage-sourced enterococci and E. coli after correcting for UVB light screening, suggesting that although the exogenous indirect photoinactivation mechanism may be active against Ent. faecalis, it is not for the sewage-source organisms. A simple linear regression model based on UVB light intensity appears to be a useful tool for predicting inactivation rate constants in natural waters of any depth and absorbance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Maraccini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt)
| | - Mia Catharine M Mattioli
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Lauren M Sassoubre
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Yiping Cao
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - John F Griffith
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project, 3535 Harbor Blvd Suite 110, Costa Mesa, California 92626, United States
| | - Jared S Ervin
- Earth Research Institute and Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Laurie C Van De Werfhorst
- Earth Research Institute and Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California , Santa Barbara, California 93106, United States
| | - Alexandria B Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt)
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Maraccini PA, Wenk J, Boehm AB. Photoinactivation of Eight Health-Relevant Bacterial Species: Determining the Importance of the Exogenous Indirect Mechanism. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2016; 50:5050-9. [PMID: 27121126 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
It is presently unknown to what extent the endogenous direct, endogenous indirect, and exogenous indirect mechanisms contribute to bacterial photoinactivation in natural surface waters. In this study, we investigated the importance of the exogenous indirect mechanism by conducting photoinactivation experiments with eight health-relevant bacterial species (Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Campylobacter jejuni, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli K12, E. coli O157:H7, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium LT2, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus bovis). We used three synthetic photosensitizers (methylene blue, rose bengal, and nitrite) and two model natural photosensitizers (Suwannee River natural organic matter and dissolved organic matter isolated from a wastewater treatment wetland) that generated singlet oxygen and hydroxyl radical. B. thetaiotaomicron had larger first order rate constants than all other organisms under all conditions tested. The presence of the synthetic photosensitizers generally enhanced photoinactivation of Gram-positive facultative anaerobes (Ent. faecalis, Staph. aureus, and Strep. bovis). Among Gram-negative bacteria, only methylene blue with E. coli K12 and rose bengal with C. jejuni showed an enhancing effect. The presence of model natural photosensitizers either reduced or did not affect photoinactivation rate constants. Our findings highlight the importance of the cellular membrane and photosensitizer properties in modulating the contribution of the exogenous indirect mechanism to the overall bacterial photoinactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter A Maraccini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Jannis Wenk
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, University of California , Berkeley, California 94720-1710, United States
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Alexandria B Boehm
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Stanford University , Stanford, California 94305, United States
- Engineering Research Center (ERC) for Re-inventing the Nation's Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), Stanford, California 94305, United States
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Prada Medina CA, Aristizabal Tessmer ET, Quintero Ruiz N, Serment-Guerrero J, Fuentes JL. Survival and SOS response induction in ultraviolet B irradiated Escherichia coli cells with defective repair mechanisms. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:321-8. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1152412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cesar Augusto Prada Medina
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigaciòn en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Elke Tatjana Aristizabal Tessmer
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigaciòn en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Nathalia Quintero Ruiz
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigaciòn en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Jorge Serment-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Distrito Federal, México
| | - Jorge Luis Fuentes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología y Mutagénesis Ambiental, Grupo de Investigaciòn en Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia
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Madheshiya PK, Sahare AA, Jyotsana B, Singh KP, Saini M, Raja AK, Kaith S, Singla SK, Chauhan MS, Manik RS, Palta P. Production of a Cloned Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Calf from Somatic Cells Isolated from Urine. Cell Reprogram 2016; 17:160-9. [PMID: 26053516 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at isolation of cells from urine and skin on the ventral part of the tails of healthy adult female buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), an area rarely exposed to solar radiation, establishment of the cells in culture, and their use as donor cells for production of buffalo embryos by handmade cloning (HMC). The blastocyst rate and total cell number of urine- and tail skin-derived embryos were similar to those of control embryos derived from ear skin cells; however, their apoptotic index was lower (p<0.05) than that of control blastocysts. The global level of histone H3 acetylated at lysine 9 (H3K9ac) was similar in the three types of donor cells and in urine- and tail skin-derived HMC blastocysts and in vitro-fertilized (IVF) blastocysts (controls). The global level of histone H3 trimethylated at lysine 27 (H3K27me3) in the cells was in the order (p<0.05) urine≥tail skin>ear skin-derived cells, whereas in blastocysts, it was higher (p<0.05) in urine- and tail skin-derived HMC blastocysts than that in IVF blastocysts. The expression level of CASPASE3, CASPASE9, P53, DNMT1, DNMT3a, OCT4, and NANOG, which was similar in HMC blastocysts of three the groups, was lower (p<0.05) than that in IVF blastocysts, whereas that of HDAC1 was similar among the four groups. Following transfer of urine-derived embryos (n=10) to five recipients (two embryos/recipient), one of the recipients delivered a normal calf that is now 5 weeks old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj K Madheshiya
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Amol A Sahare
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Basanti Jyotsana
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Karn P Singh
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Monika Saini
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Anuj K Raja
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sakshi Kaith
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Suresh K Singla
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manmohan S Chauhan
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Radhey S Manik
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
| | - Prabhat Palta
- Embryo Biotechnology Laboratory, Animal Biotechnology Centre, National Dairy Research Institute , Karnal-132001, Haryana, India
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Schuch AP, Lipinski VM, Santos MB, Santos CP, Jardim SS, Cechin SZ, Loreto ELS. Molecular and sensory mechanisms to mitigate sunlight-induced DNA damage in treefrog tadpoles. J Exp Biol 2015; 218:3059-67. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.126672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
The increased incidence of solar ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation has been proposed as an environmental stressor, which may help to explain the enigmatic decline of amphibian populations worldwide. Despite growing knowledge regarding the UV-induced biological effects in several amphibian models, little is known about the efficacy of DNA repair pathways. In addition, little attention has been given to the interplay between these molecular mechanisms with other physiological strategies that avoid the damage induced by sunlight. Here, DNA lesions induced by environmental doses of solar UVB and UVA radiation were detected in genomic DNA samples of treefrog tadpoles (Hypsiboas pulchellus) and their DNA repair activity was evaluated. These data were complemented by monitoring the induction of apoptosis in blood cells and tadpole survival. Furthermore, the tadpoles’ ability to perceive and escape from UV wavelengths was evaluated as an additional strategy of photoprotection. The results show that tadpoles are very sensitive to UVB light, which could be explained by the slow DNA repair rates for both cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and pyrimidine (6,4) pyrimidone photoproducts (6,4PPs). However, they were resistant to UVA, probably as a result of the activation of photolyases during UVA irradiation. Surprisingly, a sensory mechanism that triggers their escape from UVB and UVA light avoids the generation of DNA damage and helps to maintain the genomic integrity. This work demonstrates the genotoxic impact of both UVB and UVA radiation on tadpoles and emphasizes the importance of the interplay between molecular and sensory mechanisms to minimize the damage caused by sunlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- André P. Schuch
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
- Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS 97110-970, Brazil
| | - Victor M. Lipinski
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Mauricio B. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Caroline P. Santos
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sinara S. Jardim
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Sonia Z. Cechin
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Elgion L. S. Loreto
- Postgraduate Program in Animal Biodiversity, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Passaglia Schuch A, Dos Santos MB, Mendes Lipinski V, Vaz Peres L, Dos Santos CP, Zanini Cechin S, Jorge Schuch N, Kirsh Pinheiro D, da Silva Loreto EL. Identification of influential events concerning the Antarctic ozone hole over southern Brazil and the biological effects induced by UVB and UVA radiation in an endemic treefrog species. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 118:190-198. [PMID: 25957080 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The increased incidence of solar ultraviolet radiation (UV) due to ozone depletion has been affecting both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems and it may help to explain the enigmatic decline of amphibian populations in specific localities. In this work, influential events concerning the Antarctic ozone hole were identified in a dataset containing 35 years of ozone measurements over southern Brazil. The effects of environmental doses of UVB and UVA radiation were addressed on the morphology and development of Hypsiboas pulchellus tadpole (Anura: Hylidae), as well as on the induction of malformation after the conclusion of metamorphosis. These analyzes were complemented by the detection of micronucleus formation in blood cells. 72 ozone depletion events were identified from 1979 to 2013. Surprisingly, their yearly frequency increased three-fold during the last 17 years. The results clearly show that H. pulchellus tadpole are much more sensitive to UVB than UVA light, which reduces their survival and developmental rates. Additionally, the rates of micronucleus formation by UVB were considerably higher compared to UVA even after the activation of photolyases enzymes by a further photoreactivation treatment. Consequently, a higher occurrence of malformation was observed in UVB-irradiated individuals. These results demonstrate the severe genotoxic impact of UVB radiation on this treefrog species and its importance for further studies aimed to assess the impact of the increased levels of solar UVB radiation on declining species of the Hylidae family.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Passaglia Schuch
- Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Lucas Vaz Peres
- Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Nelson Jorge Schuch
- Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Damaris Kirsh Pinheiro
- Federal University of Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Southern Regional Space Research Center, CRS/INPE-MCTI, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Romero-Maraccini OC, Shisler JL, Nguyen TH. Solar and temperature treatments affect the ability of human rotavirus wa to bind to host cells and synthesize viral RNA. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:4090-7. [PMID: 25862222 PMCID: PMC4524135 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00027-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus, the leading cause of diarrheal diseases in children under the age of five, is often resistant to conventional wastewater treatment and thus can remain infectious once released into the aquatic environment. Solar and heat treatments can inactivate rotavirus, but it is unknown how these treatments inactivate the virus on a molecular level. To answer this question, our approach was to correlate rotavirus inactivation with the inhibition of portions of the virus life cycle as a means to identify the mechanisms of solar or heat inactivation. Specifically, the integrity of the rotavirus NSP3 gene, virus-host cell interaction, and viral RNA synthesis were examined after heat (57°C) or solar treatment of rotavirus. Only the inhibition of viral RNA synthesis positively correlated with a loss of rotavirus infectivity; 57°C treatment of rotavirus resulted in a decrease of rotavirus RNA synthesis at the same rate as rotavirus infectivity. These data suggest that heat treatment neutralized rotaviruses primarily by targeting viral transcription functions. In contrast, when using solar disinfection, the decrease in RNA synthesis was responsible for approximately one-half of the decrease in infectivity, suggesting that other mechanisms, including posttranslational, contribute to inactivation. Nevertheless, both solar and heat inactivation of rotaviruses disrupted viral RNA synthesis as a mechanism for inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofelia C Romero-Maraccini
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Joanna L Shisler
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | - Thanh H Nguyen
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
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Braga GUL, Rangel DEN, Fernandes ÉKK, Flint SD, Roberts DW. Molecular and physiological effects of environmental UV radiation on fungal conidia. Curr Genet 2015; 61:405-25. [PMID: 25824285 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-015-0483-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conidia are specialized structures produced at the end of the asexual life cycle of most filamentous fungi. They are responsible for fungal dispersal and environmental persistence. In pathogenic species, they are also involved in host recognition and infection. Conidial production, survival, dispersal, germination, pathogenicity and virulence can be strongly influenced by exposure to solar radiation, although its effects are diverse and often species dependent. UV radiation is the most harmful and mutagenic waveband of the solar spectrum. Direct exposure to solar radiation for a few hours can kill conidia of most fungal species. Conidia are killed both by solar UV-A and UV-B radiation. In addition to killing conidia, which limits the size of the fungal population and its dispersion, exposures to sublethal doses of UV radiation can reduce conidial germination speed and virulence. The focus of this review is to provide an overview of the effects of solar radiation on conidia and on the major systems involved in protection from and repair of damage induced by solar UV radiation. The efforts that have been made to obtain strains of fungi of interest such as entomopathogens more tolerant to solar radiation will also be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto U L Braga
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas E Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil,
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González-Rojo S, Fernández-Díez C, Guerra SM, Robles V, Herraez MP. Differential gene susceptibility to sperm DNA damage: analysis of developmental key genes in trout. PLoS One 2014; 9:e114161. [PMID: 25479606 PMCID: PMC4257556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0114161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Sperm chromatin in mammals is packaged in different blocks associated to protamines (PDNA), histones (HDNA), or nuclear matrix proteins. Differential packaging has been related to early or late transcription and also to differential susceptibility to genotoxic damage. Genes located in the more accessible HDNA could be more susceptible to injuries than those located in PDNA, being potential biomarkers of paternal DNA damage. Fish sperm chromatin organization is much diversified, some species lacking protamines and some others totally depleted of histones. Analyzing genotoxic damage in a species homogeneously compacted with some sperm nuclear basic protein type, could help in deciphering the clues of differential susceptibility to damage. In the present study we analyzed in rainbow trout the differential susceptibility of nine genes to UV irradiation and H2O2 treatment. The absence of histones in the sperm nuclei was confirmed by Western blot. The chromatin fractionation in sensitive and resistant regions to PvuII (presumably HDNA-like and PDNA-like, respectively) revealed that the nine genes locate in the same resistant region. The number of lesions promoted was quantified using a qPCR approach. Location of 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-OHdG) was analyzed by immunocytochemistry and confocal microscopy. UV irradiation promoted similar number of lesions in all the analyzed genes and a homogenous distribution of 8-OHdG within the nuclei. 8-OHdG was located in the peripheral area of the nucleus after H2O2 treatment, which promoted a significantly higher number of lesions in developmental-related genes (8.76–10.95 lesions/10 kb) than in rDNA genes (1.05–1.67 lesions/10 kb). We showed for the first time, that differential susceptibility to damage is dependent on the genotoxic mechanism and relies on positional differences between genes. Sensitive genes were also analyzed in cryopreserved sperm showing a lower number of lesions than the previous treatments and a predominant peripheral distribution of oxidative damage (8-OHdG).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Susana M. Guerra
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Vanesa Robles
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Herraez
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of León, León, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Schuch AP, Moraes MCS, Yagura T, Menck CFM. Highly sensitive biological assay for determining the photoprotective efficacy of sunscreen. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:11584-11590. [PMID: 25216262 DOI: 10.1021/es503721a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The protective effect of sunscreens has been extensively evaluated in vivo as a measure of erythema induced in human skin and is expressed as Sun Protection Factor (SPF). In vitro alternatives that use human cells might overcome the limitations of testing on human beings. Here is proposed a broad and accurate in vitro approach for evaluating the efficacy of commercial sunscreens even under environmental conditions. This Cell dosimeter allowed the determination of Sun Protection Factor for DNA (DNA-SPF), using specific DNA repair enzymes and antibodies, and Sun Protection Factor for Lethal Damage (LD-SPF), by measuring cell viability and apoptosis induced after the irradiation of human cells. The use of xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) cells, which are deficient in DNA repair, rendered this assay more sensitive. The results revealed significant protection against the effects elicited by UVB radiation; however, there was no efficient protection from DNA lesions and cell death induced by UVA radiation or natural sunlight. This work demonstrates the environmental application of this biodosimeter for measuring UV-induced biological damage to human cells and supports the need for better evaluation of the UVA protection efficacy conferred by commercial sunscreens, in terms of induction of DNA lesions and cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- André P Schuch
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 1374, São Paulo, SP 05508-000, Brazil
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Müller A, Stahl MR, Greiner R, Posten C. Performance and dose validation of a coiled tube UV-C reactor for inactivation of microorganisms in absorbing liquids. J FOOD ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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48
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Pesz KA, Bieniek A, Gil J, Laczmanska I, Karpinski P, Makowska I, Trusewicz A, Sasiadek MM. Polymorphisms in nucleotide excision repair genes and basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Int J Dermatol 2014; 53:1474-7. [PMID: 25209577 DOI: 10.1111/ijd.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations in nucleotide excision repair (NER) genes are the cause of xeroderma pigmentosum, a genetic syndrome with proneness to basal cell carcinoma (BCC) of the skin. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) may affect the effectiveness of DNA repair and hence influence individual susceptibility to a variety of neoplasms. The aim of this study was to find associations between SNPs in selected NER genes and sporadic BCC development. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group consisted of 100 patients with histopathologically confirmed BCCs and the control group of 100 elderly individuals with no personal history of any cancer. DNA isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes was genotyped for seven SNPs in five different NER genes. Statistical analyses for associations were performed. RESULTS A weak association between XPD exon 6 silent C/A polymorphism and BCC development risk was found when comparing single polymorphisms between the two groups. When considering sex and SNPs, men with the A-allele in XPC intron 11 C/A have been found to have a decreased risk of BCC. CONCLUSIONS There is no consistency in association studies between SNPs and BCC susceptibility. SNPs in NER genes seem to have an insignificant influence on the risk of developing BCC of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina A Pesz
- Department of Genetics, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland; Department of Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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49
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Whitman R, Harwood VJ, Edge TA, Nevers M, Byappanahalli M, Vijayavel K, Brandão J, Sadowsky MJ, Alm EW, Crowe A, Ferguson D, Ge Z, Halliday E, Kinzelman J, Kleinheinz G, Przybyla-Kelly K, Staley C, Staley Z, Solo-Gabriele HM. Microbes in Beach Sands: Integrating Environment, Ecology and Public Health. RE/VIEWS IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND BIO/TECHNOLOGY 2014; 13:329-368. [PMID: 25383070 PMCID: PMC4219924 DOI: 10.1007/s11157-014-9340-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Beach sand is a habitat that supports many microbes, including viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa (micropsammon). The apparently inhospitable conditions of beach sand environments belie the thriving communities found there. Physical factors, such as water availability and protection from insolation; biological factors, such as competition, predation, and biofilm formation; and nutrient availability all contribute to the characteristics of the micropsammon. Sand microbial communities include autochthonous species/phylotypes indigenous to the environment. Allochthonous microbes, including fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) and waterborne pathogens, are deposited via waves, runoff, air, or animals. The fate of these microbes ranges from death, to transient persistence and/or replication, to establishment of thriving populations (naturalization) and integration in the autochthonous community. Transport of the micropsammon within the habitat occurs both horizontally across the beach, and vertically from the sand surface and ground water table, as well as at various scales including interstitial flow within sand pores, sediment transport for particle-associated microbes, and the large-scale processes of wave action and terrestrial runoff. The concept of beach sand as a microbial habitat and reservoir of FIB and pathogens has begun to influence our thinking about human health effects associated with sand exposure and recreational water use. A variety of pathogens have been reported from beach sands, and recent epidemiology studies have found some evidence of health risks associated with sand exposure. Persistent or replicating populations of FIB and enteric pathogens have consequences for watershed/beach management strategies and regulatory standards for safe beaches. This review summarizes our understanding of the community structure, ecology, fate, transport, and public health implications of microbes in beach sand. It concludes with recommendations for future work in this vastly under-studied area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Whitman
- Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 1100 N. Mineral Springs Road, Porter, IN 46304, USA
| | - Valerie J. Harwood
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of South Florida, SCA 110, 4202 E. Fowler Ave. Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Thomas A. Edge
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6
| | - Meredith Nevers
- Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 1100 N. Mineral Springs Road, Porter, IN 46304, USA
| | - Muruleedhara Byappanahalli
- Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 1100 N. Mineral Springs Road, Porter, IN 46304, USA
| | - Kannappan Vijayavel
- Environmental Health Division, Ottawa County Health Department, 12251 James Street, Suite 200, Holland, MI, 49424, USA
- Remediation and Redevelopment Division, Department of Environmental Quality, State of Michigan, 525 W. Allegan St., Lansing, MI 48909. USA
| | - João Brandão
- Reference Unit for Systemic Infections and Zoonosis, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr. Ricardo Jorge, Av. Padre Cruz 1649-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Michael J. Sadowsky
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Elizabeth Wheeler Alm
- Department of Biology & Institute for Great Lakes Research, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, MI 48859
| | - Allan Crowe
- Canada Centre for Inland Waters, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6
| | - Donna Ferguson
- Environmental Health Sciences Department, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
| | - Zhongfu Ge
- Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 1100 N. Mineral Springs Road, Porter, IN 46304, USA
| | | | - Julie Kinzelman
- Department of Public Health, City of Racine, 730 Washington Avenue, Room 109, Racine, WI 53403, USA
| | - Greg Kleinheinz
- Environmental Research and Innovation Centre, University of Wisconsin – Oshkosh, 800 Algoma Boulevard, Oshkosh, WI 54901, USA
| | - Kasia Przybyla-Kelly
- Great Lakes Science Center, United States Geological Survey, 1100 N. Mineral Springs Road, Porter, IN 46304, USA
| | - Christopher Staley
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, BioTechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA
| | - Zachery Staley
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond St., London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Helena M. Solo-Gabriele
- Department of Civil, Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Drive, McArthur Building Room 252, Coral Gables, FL 33146, USA and, Oceans and Human Health Center, University of Miami Rosenstiel, School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, FL 33149, USA
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50
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Gueranger Q, Li F, Peacock M, Larnicol-Fery A, Brem R, Macpherson P, Egly JM, Karran P. Response to Emanuele. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 134:2053-2055. [PMID: 24492241 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Gueranger
- Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, UK
| | - Feng Li
- Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, UK
| | - Matthew Peacock
- Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, UK
| | - Annabel Larnicol-Fery
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/Inserm/ULP, Strasbourg, France
| | - Reto Brem
- Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, UK
| | - Peter Macpherson
- Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Egly
- Institut de Genetique et de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/Inserm/ULP, Strasbourg, France
| | - Peter Karran
- Clare Hall Laboratories, Cancer Research UK London Research Institute, South Mimms, UK.
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