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Wang J, Wang E, Cheng S, Ma A. Genetic insights into superior grain number traits: a QTL analysis of wheat-Agropyron cristatum derivative pubing3228. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:271. [PMID: 38605289 PMCID: PMC11008026 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04913-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Agropyron cristatum (L.) is a valuable genetic resource for expanding the genetic diversity of common wheat. Pubing3228, a novel wheat-A. cristatum hybrid germplasm, exhibits several desirable agricultural traits, including high grain number per spike (GNS). Understanding the genetic architecture of GNS in Pubing3228 is crucial for enhancing wheat yield. This study aims to analyze the specific genetic regions and alleles associated with high GNS in Pubing3228. METHODS The study employed a recombination inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between Pubing3228 and Jing4839 to investigate the genetic regions and alleles linked to high GNS. Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis and candidate gene investigation were utilized to explore these traits. RESULTS A total of 40 QTLs associated with GNS were identified across 16 chromosomes, accounting for 4.25-17.17% of the total phenotypic variation. Five QTLs (QGns.wa-1D, QGns.wa-5 A, QGns.wa-7Da.1, QGns.wa-7Da.2 and QGns.wa-7Da.3) accounter for over 10% of the phenotypic variation in at least two environments. Furthermore, 94.67% of the GNS QTL with positive effects originated from Pubing3228. Candidate gene analysis of stable QTLs identified 11 candidate genes for GNS, including a senescence-associated protein gene (TraesCS7D01G148000) linked to the most significant SNP (AX-108,748,734) on chromosome 7D, potentially involved in reallocating nutrients from senescing tissues to developing seeds. CONCLUSION This study provides new insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying high GNS in Pubing3228, offering valuable resources for marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding to enhance yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiansheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, North to Weilailu road, New district, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China.
| | - Erwei Wang
- Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Science, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467001, China
| | - Shiping Cheng
- College of Chemistry and Environment Engineering, Pingdingshan University, North to Weilailu road, New district, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467000, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Eco-economic Woody Plant, Pingdingshan, Henan, China
| | - Aichu Ma
- Pingdingshan Academy of Agricultural Science, Pingdingshan, Henan, 467001, China
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Bradauskiene V, Vaiciulyte-Funk L, Shah B, Cernauskas D, Tita M. Recent Advances in Biotechnological Methods for Wheat Gluten Immunotoxicity Abolishment – a Review. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/132853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Makarov VA, Tikhomirova NK, Savvateeva LV, Petushkova AI, Serebryakova MV, Baksheeva VE, Gorokhovets NV, Zernii EY, Zamyatnin AA. Novel applications of modification of thiol enzymes and redox-regulated proteins using S-methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS). BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2019; 1867:140259. [PMID: 31376523 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2019.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
S-Methyl methanethiosulfonate (MMTS) is used in experimental biochemistry for alkylating thiol groups of protein cysteines. Its applications include mainly trapping of natural thiol-disulfide states of redox-sensitive proteins and proteins which have undergone S-nitrosylation. The reagent can also be employed as an inhibitor of enzymatic activity, since nucleophilic cysteine thiolates are commonly present at active sites of various enzymes. The advantage of using MMTS for this purpose is the reversibility of the formation of methylthio mixed disulfides, compared to irreversible alkylation using conventional agents. Additional benefits include good accessibility of MMTS to buried protein cysteines due to its small size and the simplicity of the protection and deprotection procedures. In this study we report examples of MMTS application in experiments involving oxidoreductase (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, GAPDH), redox-regulated protein (recoverin) and cysteine protease (triticain-α). We demonstrate that on the one hand MMTS can modify functional cysteines in the thiol enzyme GAPDH, thereby preventing thiol oxidation and reversibly inhibiting the enzyme, while on the other hand it can protect the redox-sensitive thiol group of recoverin from oxidation and such modification produces no impact on the activity of the protein. Furthermore, using the example of the papain-like enzyme triticain-α, we report a novel application of MMTS as a protector of the primary structure of active cysteine protease during long-term purification and refolding procedures. Based on the data, we propose new lines of MMTS employment in research, pharmaceuticals and biotechnology for reversible switching off of undesirable activity and antioxidant protection of proteins with functional thiol groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir A Makarov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Natalia K Tikhomirova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Anastasiia I Petushkova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Neonila V Gorokhovets
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119992 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trubetskaya str., 8, bld. 2, Moscow 119991, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119992 Moscow, Russia.
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Insights on the Proteases Involved in Barley and Wheat Grain Germination. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20092087. [PMID: 31035313 PMCID: PMC6539298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20092087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Seed storage proteins must be hydrolyzed by proteases to deliver the amino acids essential for embryo growth and development. Several groups of proteases involved in this process have been identified in both the monocot and the dicot species. This review focuses on the implication of proteases during germination in two cereal species, barley and wheat, where proteolytic control during the germination process has considerable economic importance. Formerly, the participation of proteases during grain germination was inferred from reports of proteolytic activities, the expression of individual genes, or the presence of individual proteins and showed a prominent role for papain-like and legumain-like cysteine proteases and for serine carboxypeptidases. Nowadays, the development of new technologies and the release of the genomic sequences of wheat and barley have permitted the application of genome-scale approaches, such as those used in functional genomics and proteomics. Using these approaches, the repertoire of proteases known to be involved in germination has increased and includes members of distinct protease families. The development of novel techniques based on shotgun proteomics, activity-based protein profiling, and comparative and structural genomics will help to achieve a general view of the proteolytic process during germination.
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Gupta SK, Sharma M, Majumder B, Maurya VK, Lohani M, Deeba F, Pandey V. Impact of Ethylene diurea (EDU) on growth, yield and proteome of two winter wheat varieties under high ambient ozone phytotoxicity. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 196:161-173. [PMID: 29304454 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.12.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Revised: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the impact of high ambient O3 on morphological, physiological and biochemical traits and leaf proteome in two high-yielding varieties of wheat using ethylene diurea (EDU) as foliar spray (200 and 300 ppm). Average ambient ozone concentration was 60 ppb which was more than sufficient to cause phytotoxic effects. EDU treatment resulted in less lipid peroxidation along with increased chlorophyll content, biomass and yield. EDU alleviated the negative effects of ozone by enhancing activities of antioxidants and antioxidative enzymes. Two dimensional electrophoresis (2DGE) analysis revealed massive changes in protein abundance in Kundan at vegetative stage (50% proteins were increased, 20% were decreased) and at flowering stage (25% increased, 18% decreased). In PBW 343 at both the developmental stages about 15% proteins were increased whereas 20% were decreased in abundance. Higher abundance of proteins related to carbon metabolism, defense and photorespiration conferred tolerance to EDU treated Kundan. In PBW343, EDU provided incomplete protection as evidenced by low abundance of many primary metabolism related proteins. Proteomic changes in response to EDU treatment in two varieties are discussed in relation to growth and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil K Gupta
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Science, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI) Campus, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Marisha Sharma
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Science, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Baisakhi Majumder
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Science, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vivek K Maurya
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Science, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Meenakshi Lohani
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Science, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Farah Deeba
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Science, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India
| | - Vivek Pandey
- Plant Ecology & Environmental Science, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute (CSIR-NBRI) Campus, Rana Pratap Marg, Lucknow 226001, India.
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Balakireva AV, Kuznetsova NV, Petushkova AI, Savvateeva LV, Zamyatnin AA. Trends and Prospects of Plant Proteases in Therapeutics. Curr Med Chem 2017; 26:465-486. [PMID: 29173148 DOI: 10.2174/0929867325666171123204403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The main function of proteases in any living organism is the cleavage of proteins resulting in the degradation of damaged, misfolded and potentially harmful proteins and therefore providing the cell with amino acids essential for the synthesis of new proteins. Besides this main function, proteases may play an important role as signal molecules and participate in numerous protein cascades to maintain the vital processes of an organism. Plant proteases are no exception to this rule. Moreover, in contrast to humanencoded enzymes, many plant proteases possess exceptional features such as higher stability, unique substrate specificity and a wide pH range for enzymatic activity. These valuable features make plant-derived proteolytic enzymes suitable for many biomedical applications, and furthermore, the plants can serve as factories for protein production. Plant proteases are already applied in the treatment of several pathological conditions in the human organism. Some of the enzymes possess antitumour, antibacterial and antifungal activity. The collagenolytic activity of plant proteases determines important medical applications such as the healing of wounds and burn debridement. Plant proteases may affect blood coagulation processes and can be applied in the treatment of digestive disorders. The present review summarizes recent advances and possible applications for plant proteases in biomedicine, and proposes further development of plant-derived proteolytic enzymes in the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V Balakireva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Natalia V Kuznetsova
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | | | - Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russian Federation.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Moscow, 119992, Russian Federation
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Rational Design of Recombinant Papain-Like Cysteine Protease: Optimal Domain Structure and Expression Conditions for Wheat-Derived Enzyme Triticain-α. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18071395. [PMID: 28661426 PMCID: PMC5535888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Triticain-α is a papain-like cysteine protease from wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that possesses activity towards toxic gluten-derived peptides, and was thus proposed as a novel therapeutic tool for celiac disease. We report an original approach employing rational design of domain architecture of Triticain-α and selection of the appropriate expression system for development of cheap and efficient protocol yielding active recombinant enzyme. The segregated catalytic domain of Triticain-α did not adopt native structure in bacteria, neither being expressed as a single protein nor upon conjugation or co-expression with extrinsic chaperones. Meanwhile, its attachment to prodomain of the enzyme resulted in generation of insoluble (inclusion bodies) product that can be transformed into active protease upon refolding in vitro. The estimated yield of the product was affected by affinity six-histidine tag required for its single-step purification with the preferable N-terminal position of the tag. Expression of the two-domain Triticain-α construct in yeast (Pichia pastoris) strain GS115 and bacterial (Escherichia coli) strain Rosetta gami B (DE3) led to the accumulation of a soluble protein, which underwent autocatalytic maturation during expression (in yeast)/purification (in bacteria) procedures and exhibited pronounced protease activity. Furthermore, expression and solubility of such construct in Rosetta gami B (DE3) cells was improved by reducing the temperature of the bacterial growth yielding more active enzyme than yeast counterpart presumably due to facilitated formation of a characteristic disulfide bond critical for maintaining the catalytic site. We suggest that these findings are helpful for obtaining active Triticain-α preparations for scientific or medical applications, and can be employed for the design and production of beneficial recombinant products based on other papain-like cysteine proteases.
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Vigna BBZ, de Oliveira FA, de Toledo-Silva G, da Silva CC, do Valle CB, de Souza AP. Leaf transcriptome of two highly divergent genotypes of Urochloa humidicola (Poaceae), a tropical polyploid forage grass adapted to acidic soils and temporary flooding areas. BMC Genomics 2016; 17:910. [PMID: 27835957 PMCID: PMC5106776 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-016-3270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Urochloa humidicola (Koronivia grass) is a polyploid (6x to 9x) species that is used as forage in the tropics. Facultative apospory apomixis is present in most of the genotypes of this species, although one individual has been described as sexual. Molecular studies have been restricted to molecular marker approaches for genetic diversity estimations and linkage map construction. The objectives of the present study were to describe and compare the leaf transcriptome of two important genotypes that are highly divergent in terms of their phenotypes and reproduction modes: the sexual BH031 and the aposporous apomictic cultivar BRS Tupi. RESULTS We sequenced the leaf transcriptome of Koronivia grass using an Illumina GAIIx system, which produced 13.09 Gb of data that consisted of 163,575,526 paired-end reads between the two libraries. We de novo-assembled 76,196 transcripts with an average length of 1,152 bp and filtered 35,093 non-redundant unigenes. A similarity search against the non-redundant National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI) protein database returned 65 % hits. We annotated 24,133 unigenes in the Phytozome database and 14,082 unigenes in the UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot database, assigned 108,334 gene ontology terms to 17,255 unigenes and identified 5,324 unigenes in 327 known metabolic pathways. Comparisons with other grasses via a reciprocal BLAST search revealed a larger number of orthologous genes for the Panicum species. The unigenes were involved in C4 photosynthesis, lignocellulose biosynthesis and flooding stress responses. A search for functional molecular markers revealed 4,489 microsatellites and 560,298 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). A quantitative real-time PCR analysis validated the RNA-seq expression analysis and allowed for the identification of transcriptomic differences between the two evaluated genotypes. Moreover, 192 unannotated sequences were classified as containing complete open reading frames, suggesting that the new, potentially exclusive genes should be further investigated. CONCLUSION The present study represents the first whole-transcriptome sequencing of U. humidicola leaves, providing an important public information source of transcripts and functional molecular markers. The qPCR analysis indicated that the expression of certain transcripts confirmed the differential expression observed in silico, which demonstrated that RNA-seq is useful for identifying differentially expressed and unique genes. These results corroborate the findings from previous studies and suggest a hybrid origin for BH031.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fernanda Ancelmo de Oliveira
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | - Guilherme de Toledo-Silva
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
- Present Address: Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, SC Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina da Silva
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
| | | | - Anete Pereira de Souza
- Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP Brazil
- Department of Plant Biology, Biology Institute, UNICAMP, Campinas, SP Brazil
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Abstract
AbstractThe most of important crops cultivated for production of foods and feeds could be considered as plants possessing nutraceutical or medically interesting compounds, especially if can be eaten without processing. Chemical and biological parameters that were evaluated in 100 oat (Avena sativa L.) genotypes were others than those that are important in food and feed production. Contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, radical scavenging activity (DPPH), and inhibitory activities against five proteases (trypsin, thrombin, urokinase, elastase, cathepsin B) were analyzed in extracts from mature grains. The antioxidant activity (DPPH) correlated to the content of total polyphenols. Only a minority (15 from 100) of analyzed genotypes created separate subgroup with a high content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and high antioxidant activity. The best in these parameters were genotypes CDC-SOL-FI, Saul, and Avesta, respectively. Fifteen other genotypes assembled another minority subgroup (also 15 from 100) on the basis of their high inhibitory activities against tested proteases. The highest trypsin-, urokinase-, and elastase-inhibitory activities were in genotype Racoon, the best in thrombin-, and cathepsin B-inhibitory activities were genotypes Expression and SW Kerstin, respectively. Three oats genotypes – Rhea, AC Percy, and Detvan appeared in both subgroups.
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Ratajczak E, Kalemba EM, Pukacka S. Age-related changes in protein metabolism of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds during alleviation of dormancy and in the early stage of germination. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2015; 94:114-121. [PMID: 26071872 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2015.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The long-term storage of seeds generally reduces their viability and vigour. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of long-term storage on beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seeds at optimal conditions, over 9 years, on the total and soluble protein levels and activity of proteolytic enzymes, including endopeptidases, carboxypeptidases and aminopeptidases, as well as free amino acid levels and protein synthesis, in dry seeds, after imbibition and during cold stratification leading to dormancy release and germination. The same analyses were conducted in parallel on seeds gathered from the same tree in the running growing season and stored under the same conditions for only 3 months. The results showed that germination capacity decreased from 100% in freshly harvested seeds to 75% in seeds stored for 9 years. The levels of total and soluble proteins were highest in freshly harvested seeds and decreased significantly during storage, these proportions were retained during cold stratification and germination of seeds. Significant differences between freshly harvested and stored seeds were observed in the activities of proteolytic enzymes, including endopeptidases, aminopeptidases and carboxypeptidases, and in the levels of free amino acids. The neosynthesis of proteins during dormancy release and in the early stage of seed germination was significantly weaker in stored seeds. These results confirm the importance of protein metabolism for seed viability and the consequences of its reduction during seed ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Ratajczak
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Ewa M Kalemba
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland
| | - Stanislawa Pukacka
- Institute of Dendrology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
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Savvateeva LV, Gorokhovets NV, Makarov VA, Serebryakova MV, Solovyev AG, Morozov SY, Reddy VP, Zernii EY, Zamyatnin AA, Aliev G. Glutenase and collagenase activities of wheat cysteine protease Triticain-α: feasibility for enzymatic therapy assays. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2015; 62:115-24. [PMID: 25765959 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient and/or improper protein degradation is associated with the development of various human pathologies. Enzymatic therapy with proteolytic enzymes aimed to improve insufficient proteolytic activity was suggested as a treatment of protease deficiency-induced disorders. Since in many cases human degradome is incapable of degrading the entire target protein(s), other organisms can be used as a source of proteases exhibiting activities distinct from human enzymes, and plants are perspective candidates for this source. In this study recombinant wheat cysteine protease Triticain-α was shown to refold in vitro into an autocatalytically activated proteolytic enzyme possessing glutenase and collagenase activities at acidic (or close to neutral) pH levels at the temperature of human body. Mass-spectrometry analysis of the products of Triticain-α-catalyzed gluten hydrolysis revealed multiple cleavage sites within the sequences of gliadin toxic peptides, in particular, in the major toxic 33-mer α-gliadin-derived peptide initiating inflammatory responses to gluten in celiac disease (CD) patients. Triticain-α was found to be relatively stable in the conditions simulating stomach environment. We conclude that Triticain-α can be exploited as a basic compound for development of (i) pharmaceuticals for oral administration aimed at release of the active enzyme into the gastric lumen for CD treatment, and (ii) topically active pharmaceuticals for wound debridement applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyudmila V Savvateeva
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Neonila V Gorokhovets
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir A Makarov
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey G Solovyev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Yu Morozov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - V Prakash Reddy
- Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65409, USA
| | - Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey A Zamyatnin
- Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Institute of Molecular Medicine, 119991, Moscow, Russia; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, 119991, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- "GALLY" International Biomedical Research Consulting LLC, San Antonio, TX, 78229, USA; School of Health Science and Healthcare Administration, The University of Atlanta, Johns Creek, GA, 30097, USA.
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Kimura S, Higashino Y, Kitao Y, Masuda T, Urade R. Expression and characterization of protein disulfide isomerase family proteins in bread wheat. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2015; 15:73. [PMID: 25849633 PMCID: PMC4355359 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-015-0460-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The major wheat seed proteins are storage proteins that are synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of starchy endosperm cells. Many of these proteins have intra- and intermolecular disulfide bonds. In eukaryotes, the formation of most intramolecular disulfide bonds in the ER is thought to be catalyzed by protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) family proteins. The cDNAs that encode eight groups of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) PDI family proteins have been cloned, and their expression levels in developing wheat grains have been determined. The purpose of the present study was to characterize the enzymatic properties of the wheat PDI family proteins and clarify their expression patterns in wheat caryopses. RESULTS PDI family cDNAs, which are categorized into group I (TaPDIL1Aα, TaPDIL1Aβ, TaPDIL1Aγ, TaPDIL1Aδ, and TaPDIL1B), group II (TaPDIL2), group III (TaPDIL3A), group IV (TaPDIL4D), and group V (TaPDIL5A), were cloned. The expression levels of recombinant TaPDIL1Aα, TaPDIL1B, TaPDIL2, TaPDIL3A, TaPDIL4D, and TaPDIL5A in Escherichia coli were established from the cloned cDNAs. All recombinant proteins were expressed in soluble forms and purified. Aside from TaPDIL3A, the recombinant proteins exhibited oxidative refolding activity on reduced and denatured ribonuclease A. Five groups of PDI family proteins were distributed throughout wheat caryopses, and expression levels of these proteins were higher during grain filling than in the late stage of maturing. Localization of these proteins in the ER was confirmed by fluorescent immunostaining of the immature caryopses. In mature grains, the five groups of PDI family proteins remained in the aleurone cells and the protein matrix of the starchy endosperm. CONCLUSIONS High expression of PDI family proteins during grain filling in the starchy endosperm suggest that these proteins play an important role in forming intramolecular disulfide bonds in seed storage proteins. In addition, these PDI family proteins that remain in the aleurone layers of mature grains likely assist in folding newly synthesized hydrolytic enzymes during germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuka Kimura
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yuki Higashino
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Yuki Kitao
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Taro Masuda
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
| | - Reiko Urade
- Division of Agronomy and Horticultural Science, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011 Japan
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13
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Molecular cloning and expression analysis of the main gliadin-degrading cysteine endopeptidase EP8 from triticale. J Cereal Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Barrero JM, Mrva K, Talbot MJ, White RG, Taylor J, Gubler F, Mares DJ. Genetic, hormonal, and physiological analysis of late maturity α-amylase in wheat. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2013; 161:1265-77. [PMID: 23321420 PMCID: PMC3585595 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.209502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Late maturity α-amylase (LMA) is a genetic defect that is commonly found in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) cultivars and can result in commercially unacceptably high levels of α-amylase in harvest-ripe grain in the absence of rain or preharvest sprouting. This defect represents a serious problem for wheat farmers, and apart from the circumstantial evidence that gibberellins are somehow involved in the expression of LMA, the mechanisms or genes underlying LMA are unknown. In this work, we use a doubled haploid population segregating for constitutive LMA to physiologically analyze the appearance of LMA during grain development and to profile the transcriptomic and hormonal changes associated with this phenomenon. Our results show that LMA is a consequence of a very narrow and transitory peak of expression of genes encoding high-isoelectric point α-amylase during grain development and that the LMA phenotype seems to be a partial or incomplete gibberellin response emerging from a strongly altered hormonal environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M. Barrero
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (J.M.B., M.J.T., R.G.W., J.T., F.G.); and Plant and Pest Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (K.M., D.J.M.)
| | - Kolumbina Mrva
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (J.M.B., M.J.T., R.G.W., J.T., F.G.); and Plant and Pest Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (K.M., D.J.M.)
| | - Mark J. Talbot
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (J.M.B., M.J.T., R.G.W., J.T., F.G.); and Plant and Pest Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (K.M., D.J.M.)
| | - Rosemary G. White
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (J.M.B., M.J.T., R.G.W., J.T., F.G.); and Plant and Pest Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (K.M., D.J.M.)
| | - Jennifer Taylor
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (J.M.B., M.J.T., R.G.W., J.T., F.G.); and Plant and Pest Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (K.M., D.J.M.)
| | - Frank Gubler
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (J.M.B., M.J.T., R.G.W., J.T., F.G.); and Plant and Pest Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (K.M., D.J.M.)
| | - Daryl J. Mares
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Plant Industry, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia (J.M.B., M.J.T., R.G.W., J.T., F.G.); and Plant and Pest Science, School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Glen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia (K.M., D.J.M.)
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15
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Tsuji A, Tsukamoto K, Iwamoto K, Ito Y, Yuasa K. Enzymatic characterization of germination-specific cysteine protease-1 expressed transiently in cotyledons during the early phase of germination. J Biochem 2012; 153:73-83. [PMID: 23112094 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvs125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine protease activity that shows a unique transient expression profile in cotyledons of daikon radish during germination was detected. The enzyme showed a distinct elution pattern on DEAE-cellulose compared with cathepsin B-like and Responsive to dessication-21 cysteine protease. Although this activity was not detected in seed prior to imbibition, the activity increased markedly and reached a maximum at 2 days after imbibition and then decreased rapidly and completely disappeared after 5 days. Using cystatin-Sepharose, the 26 kDa cysteine protease (DRCP26) was isolated from cotyledons at 2 days after imbibition. The deduced amino acid sequence from the cDNA nucleotide sequence indicated that DRCP26 is an orthologue of Arabidopsis unidentified protein, germination-specific cysteine protease-1, belonging to the C1 family of cysteine protease predicted from genetic information. In an effort to characterize the enzymatic properties of DRCP26, the enzyme was purified to homogeneity from cotyledons at 48 h after imbibition. The best synthetic substrate for the enzyme was carbobenzoxy-Phe-Arg-4-methylcoumaryl-7-amide. All model peptides were digested to small peptides by the enzyme, suggesting that DRCP26 possesses broad cleavage specificity. These results indicated that DRCP26 plays a role in the mobilization of storage proteins in the early phase of seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Tsuji
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan.
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16
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Ramos-Martínez EM, Herrera-Ramírez AC, Badillo-Corona JA, Garibay-Orijel C, González-Rábade N, Oliver-Salvador MDC. Isolation of cDNA from Jacaratia mexicana encoding a mexicain-like cysteine protease gene. Gene 2012; 502:60-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2012.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Abstract
The mobilization of seed storage proteins upon seed imbibition and germination is a crucial process in the establishment of the seedling. Storage proteins fold compactly, presenting only a few vulnerable regions for initial proteolytic digestion. Evolutionarily related storage proteins have similar three-dimensional structure, and thus tend to be initially cleaved at similar sites. The initial cleavage makes possible subsequent rapid and extensive breakdown catalyzed by endo- and exopeptidases. The proteolytic enzymes that degrade the storage proteins during mobilization identified so far are mostly cysteine proteases, but also include serine, aspartic and metalloproteases. Plants often ensure early initiation of storage protein mobilization by depositing active proteases during seed maturation, in the very compartments where storage proteins are sequestered. Various means are used in such cases to prevent proteolytic attack until after imbibition of the seed with water. This constraint, however, is not always enforced as the dry seeds of some plant species contain proteolytic intermediates as a result of limited proteolysis of some storage proteins. Besides addressing fundamental questions in plant protein metabolism, studies of the mobilization of storage proteins will point out proteolytic events to avoid in large-scale production of cloned products in seeds. Conversely, proteolytic enzymes may be applied toward reduction of food allergens, many of which are seed storage proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Tan-Wilson
- Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA.
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18
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Martínez M, Cambra I, González-Melendi P, Santamaría ME, Díaz I. C1A cysteine-proteases and their inhibitors in plants. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2012; 145:85-94. [PMID: 22221156 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2012.01569.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant cysteine-proteases (CysProt) represent a well-characterized type of proteolytic enzymes that fulfill tightly regulated physiological functions (senescence and seed germination among others) and defense roles. This article is focused on the group of papain-proteases C1A (family C1, clan CA) and their inhibitors, phytocystatins (PhyCys). In particular, the protease-inhibitor interaction and their mutual participation in specific pathways throughout the plant's life are reviewed. C1A CysProt and PhyCys have been molecularly characterized, and comparative sequence analyses have identified consensus functional motifs. A correlation can be established between the number of identified CysProt and PhyCys in angiosperms. Thus, evolutionary forces may have determined a control role of cystatins on both endogenous and pest-exogenous proteases in these species. Tagging the proteases and inhibitors with fluorescence proteins revealed common patterns of subcellular localization in the endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi network in transiently transformed onion epidermal cells. Further in vivo interactions were demonstrated by bimolecular fluorescent complementation, suggesting their participation in the same physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Martínez
- Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (UPM-INIA), Campus Montegancedo, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
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19
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Ito-Inaba Y, Hida Y, Matsumura H, Masuko H, Yazu F, Terauchi R, Watanabe M, Inaba T. The gene expression landscape of thermogenic skunk cabbage suggests critical roles for mitochondrial and vacuolar metabolic pathways in the regulation of thermogenesis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2012; 35:554-566. [PMID: 21955303 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Floral thermogenesis has been described in several plant species. Because of the lack of comprehensive gene expression profiles in thermogenic plants, the molecular mechanisms by which floral thermogenesis is regulated remain to be established. We examined the gene expression landscape of skunk cabbage (Symplocarpus renifolius) during thermogenic and post-thermogenic stages and identified expressed sequence tags from different developmental stages of the inflorescences using super serial analysis of gene expression (SuperSAGE). In-depth analysis suggested that cellular respiration and mitochondrial functions are significantly enhanced during the thermogenic stage. In contrast, genes involved in stress responses and protein degradation were significantly up-regulated during post-thermogenic stages. Quantitative comparisons indicated that the expression levels of genes involved in cellular respiration were higher in thermogenic spadices than in Arabidopsis inflorescences. Thermogenesis-associated genes seemed to be expressed abundantly in the peripheral tissues of the spadix. Our results suggest that cellular respiration and mitochondrial metabolism play key roles in heat production during floral thermogenesis. On the other hand, vacuolar cysteine protease and other degradative enzymes seem to accelerate senescence and terminate thermogenesis in the post-thermogenic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Ito-Inaba
- Interdisciplinary Research Organization, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki, Japan.
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20
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Abstract
Celiac sprue is an inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by dietary gluten and treated by adherence to a life-long gluten-free diet. The recent identification of immunodominant gluten peptides, the discovery of their cogent properties, and the elucidation of the mechanisms by which they engender immunopathology in genetically susceptible individuals have advanced our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of this complex disease, enabling the rational design of new therapeutic strategies. The most clinically advanced of these is oral enzyme therapy, in which enzymes capable of proteolyzing gluten (i.e., glutenases) are delivered to the alimentary tract of a celiac sprue patient to detoxify ingested gluten in situ. In this chapter, we discuss the key challenges for discovery and preclinical development of oral enzyme therapies for celiac sprue. Methods for lead identification, assay development, gram-scale production and formulation, and lead optimization for next-generation proteases are described and critically assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Bethune
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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21
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Szewińska J, Zdunek-Zastocka E, Pojmaj M, Bielawski W. Molecular Cloning and Expression Analysis of Triticale Phytocystatins During Development and Germination of Seeds. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY REPORTER 2012; 30:867-877. [PMID: 24415837 PMCID: PMC3881564 DOI: 10.1007/s11105-011-0384-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Three triticale cDNAs encoding inhibitors of cysteine endopeptidases, belonging to phytocystatins, have been identified and designated as TrcC-1, TrcC-4 and TrcC-5. Full-length cDNAs of TrcC-1 (617 bp) and TrcC-4 (940 bp), as well as a fragment of TrcC-5 cDNA (369 bp), were obtained. A high-level identity of the deduced amino acid sequence of TrcCs with other known phytocystatins, especially with wheat and barley, has been observed. Moreover, the presence of conserved domain, containing the G and W residues, the sequence of QxVxG and the sequence of LARFAV, characteristic for plant cysteine endopeptidase inhibitors, has been noted. The profiles of TrcC-1 and TrcC-5 mRNA levels in the developing seeds of two triticale cultivars that differ in their resistance to preharvest sprouting (Zorro and Disco) were similar. However, the expression of TrcC-4 was, higher in the developing seeds, and in the scutellum of germinating seeds of a cultivar more resistant to preharvest sprouting (Zorro) than in the less resistant (Disco). Additionally, the expression of TrcC-4 remained longer in developing seeds of Zorro as compared to Disco. The performed studies suggest that TrcC-4 might have an influence on the higher resistance of Zorro cultivar to preharvest sprouting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szewińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Edyta Zdunek-Zastocka
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Wiesław Bielawski
- Department of Biochemistry, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Van't Klooster JW, Van der Kamp MW, Vervoort J, Beekwilder J, Boeren S, Joosten MHAJ, Thomma BPHJ, De Wit PJGM. Affinity of Avr2 for tomato cysteine protease Rcr3 correlates with the Avr2-triggered Cf-2-mediated hypersensitive response. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2011; 12:21-30. [PMID: 21118346 PMCID: PMC6640376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1364-3703.2010.00647.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Cladosporium fulvum Avr2 effector is a novel type of cysteine protease inhibitor with eight cysteine residues that are all involved in disulphide bonds. We have produced wild-type Avr2 protein in Pichia pastoris and determined its disulphide bond pattern. By site-directed mutagenesis of all eight cysteine residues, we show that three of the four disulphide bonds are required for Avr2 stability. The six C-terminal amino acid residues of Avr2 contain one disulphide bond that is not embedded in its overall structure. Avr2 is not processed by the tomato cysteine protease Rcr3 and is an uncompetitive inhibitor of Rcr3. We also produced mutant Avr2 proteins in which selected amino acid residues were individually replaced by alanine, and, in one mutant, all six C-terminal amino acid residues were deleted. We determined the inhibitory constant (K(i) ) of these mutants for Rcr3 and their ability to trigger a Cf-2-mediated hypersensitive response (HR) in tomato. We found that the two C-terminal cysteine residues and the six amino acid C-terminal tail of Avr2 are required for both Rcr3 inhibitory activity and the ability to trigger a Cf-2-mediated HR. Individual replacement of the lysine-17, lysine-20 or tyrosine-21 residue by alanine did not affect significantly the biological activity of Avr2. Overall, our data suggest that the affinity of the Avr2 mutants for Rcr3 correlates with their ability to trigger a Cf-2-mediated HR.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Van't Klooster
- Wageningen University, Laboratory of Phytopathology, Droevendaalsesteeg 1, 6708 PB Wageningen, the Netherlands
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23
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Benchabane M, Schlüter U, Vorster J, Goulet MC, Michaud D. Plant cystatins. Biochimie 2010; 92:1657-66. [PMID: 20558232 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2010] [Accepted: 06/08/2010] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant cystatins have been the object of intense research since the publication of a first paper reporting their existence more than 20 years ago. These ubiquitous inhibitors of Cys proteases play several important roles in plants, from the control of various physiological and cellular processes in planta to the inhibition of exogenous Cys proteases secreted by herbivorous arthropods and pathogens to digest or colonize plant tissues. After an overview of current knowledge about the evolution, structure and inhibitory mechanism of plant cystatins, we review the different roles attributed to these proteins in plants. The potential of recombinant plant cystatins as effective pesticidal proteins in crop protection is also considered, as well as protein engineering approaches adopted over the years to improve their inhibitory potency and specificity towards Cys proteases of biotechnological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriem Benchabane
- Département de phytologie, CRH/INAF, Université Laval, Québec (QC), Canada G1V 0A6
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24
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Seguchi M, Uozu M, Oneda H, Murayama R, Okusu H. Effect of Outer Bran Layers from Germinated Wheat Grains on Breadmaking Properties. Cereal Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-87-3-0231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Seguchi
- Faculty of Home Economics, Laboratory of Food Technology, Kobe Women's University, Suma-Ku, Kobe City, 654-8585, Japan
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - M. Uozu
- Faculty of Home Economics, Laboratory of Food Technology, Kobe Women's University, Suma-Ku, Kobe City, 654-8585, Japan
| | - H. Oneda
- Nagata Sangyo, 215 Senbonya, Yamasaki-cho, Shiso-city, Hyogo, 671-1219, Japan
| | - R. Murayama
- Nagata Sangyo, 215 Senbonya, Yamasaki-cho, Shiso-city, Hyogo, 671-1219, Japan
| | - H. Okusu
- Nippon Flour Mills, 5-1-3 Midorigaoka Atsugi, Kanagawa, 243-0041, Japan
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