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Pittman JK, Hirschi KD. CAX control: multiple roles of vacuolar cation/H + exchangers in metal tolerance, mineral nutrition and environmental signalling. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2024. [PMID: 39030923 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024]
Abstract
Plant vacuolar transporters, particularly CAX (Cation/H+ Exchangers) responsible for Ca2+/H+ exchange on the vacuole tonoplast, play a central role in governing cellular pH, ion balance, nutrient storage, metal accumulation, and stress responses. Furthermore, CAX variants have been employed to enhance the calcium content of crops, contributing to biofortification efforts. Recent research has uncovered the broader significance of these transporters in plant signal transduction and element partitioning. The use of genetically encoded Ca2+ sensors has begun to highlight the crucial role of CAX isoforms in generating cytosolic Ca2+ signals, underscoring their function as pivotal hubs in diverse environmental and developmental signalling networks. Interestingly, it has been observed that the loss of CAX function can be advantageous in specific stress conditions, both for biotic and abiotic stressors. Determining the optimal timing and approach for modulating the expression of CAX is a critical concern. In the future, strategically manipulating the temporal loss of CAX function in agriculturally important crops holds promise to bolster plant immunity, enhance cold tolerance, and fortify resilience against one of agriculture's most significant challenges, namely flooding.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Pittman
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - K D Hirschi
- Children's Nutrition Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
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2
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Jamra G, Ghosh S, Singh N, Tripathy MK, Aggarwal A, Singh RDR, Srivastava AK, Kumar A, Pandey GK. Ectopic overexpression of Eleusine coracana CAX3 confers tolerance to metal and ion stress in yeast and Arabidopsis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 211:108613. [PMID: 38696868 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Ionic and metal toxicity in plants is still a global problem for the environment, agricultural productivity and ultimately poses human health threats when these metal ions accumulate in edible organs of plants. Metal and ion transport from cytosol to the vacuole is considered an important component of metal and ion tolerance and a plant's potential utility in phytoremediation. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) is an orphan crop but has prominent nutritional value in comparison to other cereals. Previous transcriptomic studies suggested that one of the calcium/proton exchanger (EcCAX3) is strongly upregulated during different developmental stages of spikes development in plant. This finding led us to speculate that high calcium accumulation in the grain might be because of CAX3 function. Moreover, phylogenetic analysis shows that EcCAX3 is more closely related to foxtail millet, sorghum and rice CAX3 protein. To decipher the functional role of EcCAX3, we have adopted complementation of yeast triple mutant K677 (Δpmc1Δvcx1Δcnb1), which has defective calcium transport machinery. Furthermore, metal tolerance assay shows that EcCAX3 expression conferred tolerance to different metal stresses in yeast. The gain-of-function study suggests that EcCAX3 overexpressing Arabidopsis plants shows better tolerance to higher concentration of different metal ions as compared to wild type Col-0 plants. EcCAX3-overexpression transgenic lines exhibits abundance of metal transporters and cation exchanger transporter transcripts under metal stress conditions. Furthermore, EcCAX3-overexpression lines have higher accumulation of macro- and micro-elements under different metal stress. Overall, this finding highlights the functional role of EcCAX3 in the regulation of metal and ion homeostasis and this could be potentially utilized to engineer metal fortification and generation of stress tolerant crops in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Jamra
- Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India; Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Soma Ghosh
- Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Manas Kumar Tripathy
- Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Aparna Aggarwal
- Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar Uttarakhand, 263145, India
| | - Reema Devi Rajan Singh
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Ashish Kumar Srivastava
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India; Dept. of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, GBPUAT, Pantnagar Uttarakhand, 263145, India; Director Education, Rani Lakshmi Bai Central Agriculture University, Jhansi, NH-75, Near Pahuj Dam, Gwalior Road, Jhansi, Uttar Pradesh, 284003, India.
| | - Girdhar K Pandey
- Dept. of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi, 110021, India.
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3
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Yu Y, Alseekh S, Zhu Z, Zhou K, Fernie AR. Multiomics and biotechnologies for understanding and influencing cadmium accumulation and stress response in plants. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2024. [PMID: 38817148 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.14379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals faced by plants and, additionally, via the food chain, threatens human health. It is principally dispersed through agro-ecosystems via anthropogenic activities and geogenic sources. Given its high mobility and persistence, Cd, although not required, can be readily assimilated by plants thereby posing a threat to plant growth and productivity as well as animal and human health. Thus, breeding crop plants in which the edible parts contain low to zero Cd as safe food stuffs and harvesting shoots of high Cd-containing plants as a route for decontaminating soils are vital strategies to cope with this problem. Recently, multiomics approaches have been employed to considerably enhance our understanding of the mechanisms underlying (i) Cd toxicity, (ii) Cd accumulation, (iii) Cd detoxification and (iv) Cd acquisition tolerance in plants. This information can be deployed in the development of the biotechnological tools for developing plants with modulated Cd tolerance and detoxification to safeguard cellular and genetic integrity as well as to minimize food chain contamination. The aim of this review is to provide a current update about the mechanisms involved in Cd uptake by plants and the recent developments in the area of multiomics approach in terms of Cd stress responses, as well as in the development of Cd tolerant and low Cd accumulating crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Zonghe Zhu
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Kejin Zhou
- School of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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4
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Fan P, Wu L, Wang Q, Wang Y, Luo H, Song J, Yang M, Yao H, Chen S. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of medicinal plants in response to cadmium stress: Current status and future perspective. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 450:131008. [PMID: 36842201 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have a wide range of uses worldwide. However, the quality of medicinal plants is affected by severe cadmium pollution. Cadmium can reduce photosynthetic capacity, lead to plant growth retardation and oxidative stress, and affect secondary metabolism. Medicinal plants have complex mechanisms to cope with cadmium stress. On the one hand, an antioxidant system can effectively scavenge excess reactive oxygen species produced by cadmium stress. On the other hand, cadmium chelates are formed by chelating peptides and then sequestered through vacuolar compartmentalization. Cadmium has no specific transporter in plants and is generally transferred to plant tissues through competition for the transporters of divalent metal ions, such as zinc, iron, and manganese. In recent years, progress has been achieved in exploring the physiological mechanisms by which medicinal plants responding to cadmium stress. The exogenous regulation of cadmium accumulation in medicinal plants has been studied, and the aim is reducing the toxicity of cadmium. However, research into molecular mechanisms is still lagging. In this paper, we review the physiological and molecular mechanisms and regulatory networks of medicinal plants exposed to cadmium, providing a reference for the study on the responses of medicinal plants to cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhui Fan
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Liwei Wu
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongmei Luo
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jingyuan Song
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Meihua Yang
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hui Yao
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; Engineering Research Center of Chinese Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China.
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Herbgenomics, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Zhang C, Tong C, Cao L, Zheng P, Tang X, Wang L, Miao M, Liu Y, Cao S. Regulatory module WRKY33-ATL31-IRT1 mediates cadmium tolerance in Arabidopsis. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2023; 46:1653-1670. [PMID: 36738191 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most dangerous environmental pollutants among heavy metals, and threatens food safety and human health by accumulating in plant sink tissues. Here, we report a novel regulatory cascade that profoundly influences Cd tolerance in Arabidopsis. Phenotypic analysis showed that an insertional knockdown mutation at the Arabidopsis Tóxicos en Levadura 31 (ATL31) locus resulted in hypersensitivity to Cd stress, most likely due to a significant increase in Cd accumulation. Consistently, ATL31-overexpressing lines exhibited enhanced Cd stress tolerance and reduced Cd accumulation. Further, IRON-REGULATED TRANSPORTER 1 (IRT1) was identified, and yeast two-hybrid, co-immunoprecipitation and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays demonstrated its interaction with ATL31. Biochemical, molecular, and genetic analyses showed that IRT1 is targeted by ATL31 for ubiquitin-conjugated degradation in response to Cd stress. Intriguingly, transcription of ATL31 was strongly induced by Cd stress. In addition, transgenic and molecular analyses showed that WRKY33 directly activated the transcription of ATL31 in response to Cd stress and positively regulated Cd tolerance. Genetic analysis indicated that ATL31 acts upstream of IRT1 and downstream of WRKY33 to regulate Cd tolerance. Our study revealed that the WRKY33-ATL31-IRT1 module plays a crucial role in timely blocking Cd absorption to prevent metal toxicity in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Chenchen Tong
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lei Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Pengpeng Zheng
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Xiaofeng Tang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Lihuan Wang
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Min Miao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongsheng Liu
- School of Horticulture, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, China
| | - Shuqing Cao
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, Anhui, China
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6
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Zhang Y, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zhang T, Liu J, You Z, Huang P, Zhang Z, Wang C. Plasma membrane-associated calcium signaling modulates cadmium transport. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 238:313-331. [PMID: 36567524 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy element for plant growth and development, and plants have evolved many strategies to cope with Cd stress. However, the mechanisms how plants sense Cd stress and regulate the function of transporters remain very rudimentary. Here, we found that Cd stress induces obvious Ca2+ signals in Arabidopsis roots. Furthermore, we identified the calcium-dependent protein kinases CPK21 and CPK23 that interacted with the Cd transporter NRAMP6 through a variety of protein interaction techniques. Then, we confirmed that the cpk21 23 double mutants significantly enhanced the sensitive phenotype of cpk23 single mutant under Cd stress, while the overexpression and continuous activation of CPK21 and CPK23 enhanced plants tolerance to Cd stress. Multiple biochemical and physiological analyses in yeast and plants demonstrated that CPK21/23 phosphorylate NRAMP6 primarily at Ser489 and Thr505 to inhibit the Cd transport activity of NRAMP6, thereby improving the Cd tolerance of plants. Taken together, we found a plasma membrane-associated calcium signaling that modulates Cd tolerance. These results provide new insights into the molecular breeding of crop tolerance to Cd stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhangqing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Yisong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Tianqi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhang You
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Panpan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Zhenqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas and College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
- Institute of Future Agriculture, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
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7
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Bai S, Han X, Feng D. Shoot-root signal circuit: Phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1139744. [PMID: 36890896 PMCID: PMC9987563 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1139744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of heavy metals in the environment will cause serious harm to ecosystems and human health. It is urgent to develop effective methods to control soil heavy metal pollution. Phytoremediation has advantages and potential for soil heavy metal pollution control. However, the current hyperaccumulators have the disadvantages of poor environmental adaptability, single enrichment species and small biomass. Based on the concept of modularity, synthetic biology makes it possible to design a wide range of organisms. In this paper, a comprehensive strategy of "microbial biosensor detection - phytoremediation - heavy metal recovery" for soil heavy metal pollution control was proposed, and the required steps were modified by using synthetic biology methods. This paper summarizes the new experimental methods that promote the discovery of synthetic biological elements and the construction of circuits, and combs the methods of producing transgenic plants to facilitate the transformation of constructed synthetic biological vectors. Finally, the problems that should be paid more attention to in the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution based on synthetic biology were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyan Bai
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Xiao Han
- College of Biological Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fujian, China
| | - Dan Feng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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8
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Liu Y, He G, He Y, Tang Y, Zhao F, He T. Discovery of cadmium-tolerant biomacromolecule (StCAX1/4 transportproteins) in potato and its potential regulatory relationship with WRKY transcription factors. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 228:385-399. [PMID: 36581029 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The cation/H+ exchanger (CAX) involved in Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+ transport is a special class of vacuolar transporters that play an important role in maintaining ion homeostasis in plant cells. However, it has been rarely reported whether CAX proteins have unique tolerance to cadmium stress. In our research, the cadmium-resistant potato variety "Yunshu 505" was taken as the object, through biological etc. methods, explored 1: response mode of StCAXs to cadmium stress; 2: the evolutionary characteristics and Cd ion binding sites of StCAXs; and 3: possible upstream regulatory pathways of StCAXs. The results showed that cadmium stress significantly induced the expression of StCAX1/4, and there were specific mutations in the evolution process, thus the possible main binding site of Cd ion (EDEE/DH/GxxxxxS/EEEE) was speculated. StCAX1/4 interacts with several proteins, and be regulated by transcription factors, especially the WRKY6. This synergistic regulation through WRKY6 may be an important pathway through which StCAX1/4 imparts high cadmium tolerance to potato. These results provide certain support for understanding the binding sites and specific evolutionary mechanisms of key amino acid residues of cadmium ion in StCAXs, also provide new clues for the identification and regulatory model of potato CAX key positive stress-responsive proteins under cadmium stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Liu
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Guandi He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Yeqing He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Yueyue Tang
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Fulin Zhao
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
| | - Tengbing He
- College of Agricultural, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China; Institute of New Rural Development of Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, PR China.
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9
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Yao Q, Li W, Liu Y, Cheng Y, Xiao X, Long D, Zeng J, Wu D, Sha L, Fan X, Kang H, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wang Y. FeCl 3 and Fe 2(SO 4) 3 differentially reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) seedlings by exporting Cd from roots and limiting Cd binding in the root cell walls. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120762. [PMID: 36471548 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Wheat grown in cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soils easily accumulates more Cd in edible parts than the Chinese safety limit (0.1 mg/kg). FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 have been used to extract Cd from Cd-contaminated soils. Thus, we hypothesized that FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3, used as iron (Fe) fertilizers, can reduce Cd uptake and accumulation in wheat. Here, a hydroponic experiment was performed with three FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 concentrations under 80 μM CdCl2 stress on dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L., 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) seedlings. Compared with Fe deficiency, FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 additions competitively reduced Cd concentrations. The reductions were not associated with changes in dry weight and root morphological parameters. FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 additions reduced Cd concentrations in the following order from smallest to largest reduction: 25 μM Fe2(SO4)3 < 200 μM FeCl3 < 50 μM FeCl3 < 100 μM Fe2(SO4)3. Investigation of subcellular distributions showed that the four Fe fertilizers differentially reduced Cd binding in the root cell walls and enhanced root sucrose and trehalose. Cd chemical form analysis revealed that Fe fertilizer addition also differentially reduced root FE, FW, and FNaCl. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that addition of FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 differentially up-regulated several genes that hydrolyze cell wall polysaccharides and metal transporter genes for Cd uptake (IRT1 and CAX19) and export (ZIP1, ABCG11, ABCG14, ABCG28, ABCG37, ABCG44, and ABCG48) reducing Cd uptake and accumulation. Our results demonstrated that FeCl3 and Fe2(SO4)3 can reduce Cd accumulation in wheat, and 50 μM FeCl3 is the most effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weiping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiran Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dan Long
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Park CJ, Shin R. Calcium channels and transporters: Roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:964059. [PMID: 36161014 PMCID: PMC9493244 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.964059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) serves as a ubiquitous second messenger by mediating various signaling pathways and responding to numerous environmental conditions in eukaryotes. Therefore, plant cells have developed complex mechanisms of Ca2+ communication across the membrane, receiving the message from their surroundings and transducing the information into cells and organelles. A wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses cause the increase in [Ca2+]cyt as a result of the Ca2+ influx permitted by membrane-localized Ca2+ permeable cation channels such as CYCLIC NUCLEOTIDE-GATE CHANNELs (CNGCs), and voltage-dependent HYPERPOLARIZATION-ACTIVATED CALCIUM2+ PERMEABLE CHANNELs (HACCs), as well as GLUTAMATE RECEPTOR-LIKE RECEPTORs (GLRs) and TWO-PORE CHANNELs (TPCs). Recently, resistosomes formed by some NUCLEOTIDE-BINDING LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT RECEPTORs (NLRs) are also proposed as a new type of Ca2+ permeable cation channels. On the contrary, some Ca2+ transporting membrane proteins, mainly Ca2+-ATPase and Ca2+/H+ exchangers, are involved in Ca2+ efflux for removal of the excessive [Ca2+]cyt in order to maintain the Ca2+ homeostasis in cells. The Ca2+ efflux mechanisms mediate the wide ranges of cellular activities responding to external and internal stimuli. In this review, we will summarize and discuss the recent discoveries of various membrane proteins involved in Ca2+ influx and efflux which play an essential role in fine-tuning the processing of information for plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Jin Park
- Department of Bioresources Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ryoung Shin
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Japan
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11
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Noor I, Sohail H, Sun J, Nawaz MA, Li G, Hasanuzzaman M, Liu J. Heavy metal and metalloid toxicity in horticultural plants: Tolerance mechanism and remediation strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135196. [PMID: 35659937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and development, resulting in a decrease in crop production. The exposure to HMs induces plant oxidative stress due to the formation of free radicals, which alter plant morphophysiological and biochemical mechanisms at cellular and tissue levels. When exposed to HM toxicity, plants evolve sophisticated physiological and cellular defense strategies, such as sequestration and transportation of metals, to ensure their survival. Plants also have developed efficient strategies by activating signaling pathways, which induce the expression of HM transporters. Plants either avoid the uptake of HMs from the soil or activate the detoxifying mechanism to tolerate HM stress, which involves the production of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. The metal-binding proteins including phytochelatins and metallothioneins also participate in metal detoxification. Furthermore, phytohormones and their signaling pathways also help to regulate cellular activities to counteract HM stress. The excessive levels of HMs in the soil can contribute to plant morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations, which have a detrimental effect on the quality and productivity of crops. To maintain the commercial value of fruits and vegetables, various measures should be considered to remove HMs from the metal-polluted soils. Bioremediation is a promising approach that involves the use of tolerant microorganisms and plants to manage HMs pollution. The understanding of HM toxicity, signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms will facilitate the development of new crop varieties that help in improving phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Noor
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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12
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Han B, Tai Y, Li S, Shi J, Wu X, Kakeshpour T, Weng J, Cheng X, Park S, Wu Q. Redefining the N-Terminal Regulatory Region of the Ca 2+/H + Antiporter CAX1 in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:938839. [PMID: 35898213 PMCID: PMC9310016 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.938839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an essential plant nutrient, and Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) regulate Ca2+ partitioning between subcellular compartments. AtCAX1 activity is inhibited by its N-terminal regulatory region (NRR), which was initially defined as the sequence between the first two methionines. However, the accuracy of this NRR definition and the NRR regulatory mechanism remain unclear. Here, using tomato SlCAX1 as a model, we redefined the NRR of CAXs and demonstrated that our new definition is also applicable to Arabidopsis AtCAX1 and AtCAX3. The N-terminal-truncated SlCAX1 (SlCAX1Δ39) but not the full-length SlCAX1 was active in yeast, similar to Arabidopsis AtCAX1. Characterization of slcax1 mutants generated by CRISPR-Cas9 confirmed the calcium transport ability of SlCAX1. Sequence alignment between SlCAX1, AtCAX1, AtCAX3, and the Bacillus subtilis Ca2+/H+ antiporter protein YfkE revealed that SlCAX1 does not have the 2nd methionine and YfkE does not have any amino acid residues in front of the first transmembrane domain. Truncating the amino acid residues up to the first transmembrane of SlCAX1 (SlCAX1Δ66) further increased its activity. The same truncation had a similar effect on Arabidopsis AtCAX1 and AtCAX3. Expression of full-length SlCAX1 and SlCAX1Δ66 in tomato plants confirmed the results. Our results suggest that SlCAX1 is critical for Ca2+ homeostasis and all the amino acid residues in front of the first transmembrane domain inhibit the activity of CAXs. Our redefinition of the NRR will facilitate fine-tuning of Ca2+ partitioning to reduce the incidence of Ca2+-related physiological disorders in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Han
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Tai
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Junmei Shi
- College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xueqing Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tayebeh Kakeshpour
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Jianfeng Weng
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xianguo Cheng
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sunghun Park
- Department of Horticulture and Natural Resources, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, United States
| | - Qingyu Wu
- Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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13
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Huo L, Guo Z, Wang Q, Jia X, Sun X, Ma F. The protective role of MdATG10-mediated autophagy in apple plant under cadmium stress. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 234:113398. [PMID: 35278992 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a conserved degradation pathway in plants, which plays an important role in plant cellular homeostasis during abiotic stress. Although various abiotic stressors have been reported to induce autophagic activity in plants, the specific role of autophagy in plant cadmium (Cd) tolerance remains undiscovered. In this study, we treated three MdATG10-overexpressing apple lines with hydroponic Cd stress and found the enhanced Cd tolerance in transgenic plants. Transgenic apple plants exhibited less growth limitation and reduced Cd damage on the photosynthetic system. That was accompanied by higher antioxidant enzymes activity and lower harmful ROS accumulation in apple leaves under Cd stress. The higher autophagic activity led to a more active metabolic system of Pro, His, and Arg in transgenic plants under Cd stress, which was closely related to the plant Cd tolerance. In addition, the transcriptional activities of several Cd transport and detoxification-related genes were regulated by MdATG10-overexpression in response to Cd stress. This study is the first to demonstrate the protective role of autophagy in the Cd tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Huo
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Zijian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Qi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xin Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Green Production of Agriculture in Mountainous Areas of Zhejiang Province, Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety Control for Subtropical Fruit and Vegetable, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
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14
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Wang Q, Huang D, Niu D, Deng J, Ma F, Liu C. Overexpression of auxin response gene MdIAA24 enhanced cadmium tolerance in apple (Malus domestica). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112734. [PMID: 34482065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a phytotoxic heavy metal accumulated in plants and fruits, has significant adverse effects on plant growth and development as well as human health. In particular, Cd pollution has become a serious agricultural issue in recent years. Apple is one of the most popular fruits consumed at the global scale. Improving apple Cd resistance via reductions in Cd absorption can benefit apple tree growth and ensure fruit safety. In this study, we determined that, under the 200 μM Cd treatment, 35S::MdIAA24 apple plants exhibited more biomass and less Cd accumulation in the tested tissues compared to wild type (WT). Furthermore, the 35S::MdIAA24 apple plants demonstrated more favorable photosynthesis characteristics, less reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a greater amount of active antioxidant enzymes under the Cd condition than WT. The expression levels of the Cd uptake genes were observed to be lower in the 35S::MdIAA24 apple plants compared with those of the WT under the Cd treatment. The results highlight the ability of the overexpression of MdIAA24 to enhance apple Cd resistance by improving antioxidant capacity and reducing Cd absorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongshan Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jie Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Changhai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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15
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Cheng Y, Yang T, Xiang W, Li S, Fan X, Sha L, Kang H, Wu D, Zhang H, Zeng J, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Ammonium-nitrogen addition at the seedling stage does not reduce grain cadmium concentration in two common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 286:117575. [PMID: 34130116 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High cadmium (Cd) concentration in common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grains poses potential health risks. Several management strategies have been used to reduce grain Cd concentration. However, limited information is available on the use of ammonium-nitrogen (NH4+-N) as a strategy to manage Cd concentration in wheat grains. In this study, NH4+-N addition at the seedling stage unchanged the grain Cd concentration in the high-Cd accumulator, Zhoumai 18 (ZM18), but dramatically increased that in the low-Cd accumulator, Yunmai 51 (YM51). Further analysis revealed that the effects of NH4+-N addition on whole-plant Cd absorption, root-to-shoot Cd translocation, and shoot-to-grain Cd remobilization were different between the two wheat cultivars. In ZM18, NH4+-N addition did not change whole-plant Cd absorption, but inhibited root-to-shoot Cd translocation and Cd remobilization from lower internodes, lower leaves, node 1, and internode 1 to grains via the down-regulation of yellow stripe-like transporters (YSL), zinc transporters (ZIP5, ZIP7, and ZIP10), and heavy-metal transporting ATPases (HMA2). This inhibition decreased the grain Cd content by 29.62%, which was consistent with the decrease of the grain dry weight by 23.26%, leading to unchanged grain Cd concentration in ZM18. However, in YM51, NH4+-N addition promoted continuous Cd absorption during grain filling, root-to-shoot Cd translocation and whole-plant Cd absorption. The absorbed Cd was directly transported to internode 1 via the xylem and then re-transported to grains via the phloem by up-regulated YSL, ZIP5, and copper transporters (COPT4). This promotion increased the grain Cd content by 245.35%, which was higher than the increased grain dry weight by 132.89%, leading to increased grain Cd concentration in YM51. Our findings concluded that the addition of NH4+-N fertilizer at the seedling stage is not suitable for reducing grain Cd concentration in common wheat cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Cheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenhui Xiang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Siyu Li
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Dandan Wu
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang 611130, Sichuan, China.
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16
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Khoudi H. Significance of vacuolar proton pumps and metal/H + antiporters in plant heavy metal tolerance. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2021; 173:384-393. [PMID: 33937997 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil and water are among the most valuable resources on earth. Unfortunately, their contamination with heavy metals has become a global problem. Heavy metals are not biodegradable and cannot be chemically degraded; therefore, they tend to accumulate in soils or to be transported by streaming water and contaminate both surface and groundwater. Cadmium (Cd) has no known biological function but is one of the most toxic metals. It represents a serious environmental concern since its accumulation in soils is associated with health risks to plants, animals and humans. On the other hand, copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) are heavy metals that are indispensable to plants but become toxic when their concentration in soils exceeds a certain optimal level. Plants have evolved many mechanisms to cope with heavy metal toxicity; vacuolar sequestration is one of them. Vacuolar sequestration can be achieved through either phytochelatin-dependent or phytochelatin-independent pathways. Most of the transgenic plants meant for phytoremediation described in the literature result from the manipulation of genes involved in the phytochelatin-dependent pathway. However, recent evidence has emerged to support the importance of the phytochelatin-independent pathway in heavy metal sequestration into the vacuole, with metal/H+ antiporters and proton pumps playing an important role. In this review, the importance of vacuolar proton pumps and metal/H+ antiporters transporting Cd, Cu, and Zn is discussed. In addition, the recent advances in the production of transgenic plants with potential application in phytoremediation and food safety through the manipulation of genes encoding V-PPase proton pumps is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Khoudi
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology and Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax (CBS), University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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17
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Medical Plant Extract Purification from Cadmium(II) Using Modified Thermoplastic Starch and Ion Exchangers. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14164734. [PMID: 34443254 PMCID: PMC8401945 DOI: 10.3390/ma14164734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Pure compounds extracted and purified from medical plants are crucial for preparation of the herbal products applied in many countries as drugs for the treatment of diseases all over the world. Such products should be free from toxic heavy metals; therefore, their elimination or removal in all steps of production is very important. Hence, the purpose of this paper was purification of an extract obtained from Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo and cadmium removal using thermoplastic starch (S1), modified TPS with poly (butylene succinate); 25% of TPS + 75% PBS (S2); 50% of TPS + 50% PLA (S3); and 50% of TPS + 50% PLA with 5% of hemp fibers (S4), as well as ion exchangers of different types, e.g., Lewatit SP112, Purolite S940, Amberlite IRC747, Amberlite IRC748, Amberlite IRC718, Lewatit TP207, Lewatit TP208, and Purolite S930. This extract is used in cancer treatment in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, gel permeation chromatography, surface analysis, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and point of zero charge analysis were used for sorbent and adsorption process characterization, as well as for explanation of the Cd(II) sorption mechanism.
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18
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Jia W, Lin K, Lou T, Feng J, Lv S, Jiang P, Yi Z, Zhang X, Wang D, Guo Z, Tang Y, Qiu R, Li Y. Comparative analysis of sRNAs, degradome and transcriptomics in sweet sorghum reveals the regulatory roles of miRNAs in Cd accumulation and tolerance. PLANTA 2021; 254:16. [PMID: 34185181 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-021-03669-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Key miRNAs including sbi-miR169p/q, sbi-miR171g/j, sbi-miR172a/c/d, sbi-miR172e, sbi-miR319a/b, sbi-miR396a/b, miR408, sbi-miR5384, sbi-miR5565e and nov_23 were identified to function in the regulation of Cd accumulation and tolerance. As an energy plant, sweet sorghum shows great potential in the phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils. However, few studies have focused on the regulatory roles of miRNAs and their targets under Cd stress. In this study, comparative analysis of sRNAs, degradome and transcriptomics was conducted in high-Cd accumulation (H18) and low-Cd accumulation (L69) genotypes of sweet sorghum. A total of 38 conserved and 23 novel miRNAs with differential expressions were identified under Cd stress or between H18 and L69, and 114 target genes of 41 miRNAs were validated. Furthermore, 25 miRNA-mRNA pairs exhibited negatively correlated expression profiles and sbi-miR172e together with its target might participate in the distinct Cd tolerance between H18 and L69 as well as sbi-miR172a/c/d. Additionally, two groups of them: miR169p/q-nov_23 and miR408 were focused through the co-expression analysis, which might be involved in Cd uptake and tolerance by regulating their targets associated with transmembrane transportation, cytoskeleton activity, cell wall construction and ROS (reactive oxygen species) homeostasis. Further experiments exhibited that cell wall components of H18 and L69 were different when exposed to cadmium, which might be regulated by miR169p/q, miR171g/j, miR319a/b, miR396a/b, miR5384 and miR5565e through their targets. Through this study, we aim to reveal the potential miRNAs involved in sweet sorghum in response to Cd stress and provide references for developing high-Cd accumulation or high Cd-resistant germplasm of sweet sorghum that can be used in phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing, 400714, People's Republic of China
| | - Kangqi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Tengxue Lou
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Juanjuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Sulian Lv
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
| | - Ze Yi
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Duoliya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yetao Tang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongliang Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Yinxin Li
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 20 Nanxincun, Xiangshan, Beijing, 100093, People's Republic of China.
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Khan AHA, Kiyani A, Mirza CR, Butt TA, Barros R, Ali B, Iqbal M, Yousaf S. Ornamental plants for the phytoremediation of heavy metals: Present knowledge and future perspectives. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 195:110780. [PMID: 33539835 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Environmental matrices are polluted with the plethora of contaminants, and among these, the concerns related to heavy metals (HMs) are also included. Due to the low cost in a long-term application and environmental friendliness, the use of biological remediation has gained significant attention in recent decades. The use of ornamental plants (OPs) in the field of phytoremediation is scarcely reported, and the impacts of HMs on OPs have also not been investigated in great depth. The OPs mediated HMs remediation can simultaneously remove contaminants and bring improvement in aesthetics of the site. The biomass of OPs produced after such activities can be used and sold as pot plants, cut flowers, essential oils, perfumes, air fresheners production, metal phytomining, and feedstock in silk production. The OPs also present a lower risk of HMs bioaccumulation compared to crop plants. This review focuses on the current knowledge of HMs toxicity to OPs, their applicability advantages, methods to improve the tolerance of OPs with incremented HMs uptake, challenges in the field, and future application perspectives. The case studies realted to practical application of OPs, from China, Iran, India, Oman, Pakistan, and Turkey, were also discussed. This work fetches the inter-disciplinary features and understanding for the sustainable treatment of HMs in a new novel way, to which no previous review has focused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqib Hassan Ali Khan
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Bahria University (Karachi Campus), Karachi, 75260, Pakistan; Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Amna Kiyani
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Cyrus Raza Mirza
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tayyab Ashfaq Butt
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rocío Barros
- International Research Center in Critical Raw Materials and Advanced Industrial Technologies, Universidad de Burgos, Burgos, 09001, Spain
| | - Basit Ali
- Department of Economics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad Campus, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sohail Yousaf
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, 45320, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Mao K, Yang J, Wang M, Liu H, Guo X, Zhao S, Dong Q, Ma F. Genome-wide analysis of the apple CaCA superfamily reveals that MdCAX proteins are involved in the abiotic stress response as calcium transporters. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:81. [PMID: 33557757 PMCID: PMC7869505 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-02866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Calcium (Ca2+) plays an important role in plant growth and development, and the maintenance of calcium homeostasis is necessary for the survival of all plant species. Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) are a subgroup of the CaCA (Ca2+/cation antiporter) superfamily. In general, CAX proteins mediate cytosolic Ca2+ entry into vacuoles to prevent excessive accumulation of Ca2+ in the cytosol. The CaCA superfamily has been identified and characterised in many plant species; however, characterisation of the CaCA superfamily and functional study of apple CAX proteins have yet to be conducted in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.). RESULTS Here, we identified 21 CaCA family proteins in apple for the first time. Phylogenetic and gene structure analysis, as well as prediction of conserved motifs, suggested that these proteins could be classified into four groups: CAX, CCX, NCL, and MHX. Expression analysis showed that the 10 MdCAX genes we cloned strongly responded to calcium and abiotic stress treatments. Collinearity analysis and characterisation of calcium transport capacity resulted in the identification of a pair of segmental duplication genes: MdCAX3L-1 and MdCAX3L-2; MdCAX3L-2 showed strong calcium transport capacity, whereas MdCAX3L-1 showed no calcium transport capacity. Yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assays showed that these two proteins could interact with each other. The high sequence similarity (94.6%) makes them a good model for studying the crucial residues and structural basis of the calcium transport of CAX proteins. Prediction of the protein interaction network revealed several proteins that may interact with CAX proteins and play important roles in plant stress responses, such as SOS2, CXIP1, MHX, NRAMP3, and MTP8. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis indicated that MdCAX proteins have strong calcium transport capacity and are involved in the abiotic stress response in apple. These findings provide new insight and rich resources for future studies of MdCAX proteins in apple.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Jie Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Huayu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Xin Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Qinglong Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
| | - Fengwang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas/Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Apple, College of Horticulture, Northwest A &F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi China
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Modareszadeh M, Bahmani R, Kim D, Hwang S. CAX3 (cation/proton exchanger) mediates a Cd tolerance by decreasing ROS through Ca elevation in Arabidopsis. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 105:115-132. [PMID: 32926249 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01072-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Over-expression of CAX3 encoding a cation/proton exchanger enhances Cd tolerance by decreasing ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) through activating anti-oxidative enzymes via elevation of Ca level in Arabidopsis CAXs (cation/proton exchangers) are involved in the sequestration of cations such as Mn, Li, and Cd, as well as Ca, from cytosol into the vacuole using proton gradients. In addition, it has been reported that CAX1, 2 and 4 are involved in Cd tolerance. Interestingly, it has been reported that CAX3 expressions were enhanced by Cd in Cd-tolerant transgenic plants expressing Hb1 (hemoglobin 1) or UBC1 (Ub-conjugating enzyme 1). Therefore, to investigate whether CAX3 plays a role in increasing Cd tolerance, CAX3 of Arabidopsis and tobacco were over-expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. Compared to control plants, both transgenic plants displayed an increase in Cd tolerance, no change in Cd accumulation, and enhanced Ca levels. In support of these, AtCAX3-Arabidopsis showed no change in expressions of Cd transporters, but reduced expressions of Ca exporters and lower rate of Ca efflux. By contrast, atcax3 knockout Arabidopsis exhibited a reduced Cd tolerance, while the Cd level was not altered. The expression of Δ90-AtCAX3 (deletion of autoinhibitory domain) increased Cd and Ca tolerance in yeast, while AtCAX3 expression did not. Interestingly, less accumulation of ROS (H2O2 and O2-) was observed in CAX3-expressing transgenic plants and was accompanied with higher antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GR). Taken together, CAX3 over-expression may enhance Cd tolerance by decreasing Cd-induced ROS production by activating antioxidant enzymes and by intervening the positive feedback circuit between ROS generation and Cd-induced spikes of cytoplasmic Ca.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Modareszadeh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea.
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22
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Cheng Y, Bao Y, Chen X, Yao Q, Wang C, Chai S, Zeng J, Fan X, Kang H, Sha L, Zhang H, Zhou Y, Wang Y. Different nitrogen forms differentially affect Cd uptake and accumulation in dwarf Polish wheat (Triticum polonicum L.) seedlings. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 400:123209. [PMID: 32947742 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of different nitrogen (N) forms on Cadmium (Cd) uptake and accumulation in dwarf Polish wheat (DPW) seedlings, which were grown under Cd stress with N-Null, NH4+-N, NO3--N and NH4+-N + NO3--N. We measured plant growth and determined Cd uptake, translocation, accumulation, subcellular distribution and chemical forms in the roots and shoots of DPW seedlings. We also analyzed saccharide concentrations, and the transcript levels of genes encoding metal transporters in the roots of DPW seedlings. In the absence of NO3--N, addition of NH4+-N reduced roots Cd concentration, FCW (Cd in cell wall), FS (Cd in soluble fraction) and FE (inorganic Cd) concentrations, and induced the expression of four genes encoding metal transporters in roots, while it promoted Cd translocation to shoots. In the presence of NO3--N, addition of NH4+-N increased roots Cd concentration, FCW and FW concentrations, and induced the expression of 22 genes encoding metal transporters in roots. Regardless of NH4+-N level, addition of NO3--N increased roots Cd concentration, FCW, FS, FW (water-soluble Cd), FNaCl (pectates and protein Cd), FHAc (undissolved Cd phosphate) and lactose concentrations, and also induced the expression of genes encoding metal transporters in roots. Overall, NH4+-N differently regulated Cd uptake and accumulation in DPW seedlings in the absence or presence of NO3--N, while NO3--N greatly increased Cd uptake and accumulation in the presence of NH4+-N compared to the absence of NH4+-N. These patterns of Cd alteration likely arose due to different N forms altering Cd subcellular distribution and chemical forms, lactose concentration and the expression of metal transporter genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Cheng
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunjing Bao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Qin Yao
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Songyue Chai
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jian Zeng
- College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xing Fan
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Houyang Kang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lina Sha
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Haiqin Zhang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Crop Resources and Genetic Improvement, Sichuan Agricultural University, Wenjiang, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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23
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Rai PK, Kim KH, Lee SS, Lee JH. Molecular mechanisms in phytoremediation of environmental contaminants and prospects of engineered transgenic plants/microbes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135858. [PMID: 31846820 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Concerns about emerging environmental contaminants have been growing along with industrialization and urbanization around the globe. Among various options for remediating these contaminants, phytotechnology is suggested as a feasible option to maintain the environmental sustainability. The recent advances in phytoremediation, genetic/molecular/omics/metabolic engineering, and nanotechnology are opening new paths for efficient treatment of emerging organic/inorganic contaminants. In this respect, elucidation of molecular mechanisms and genetic engineering of hyperaccumulator plants is expected to enhance remediation of environmental contaminants. This review was organized to offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms of phytoremediation and the prospects of transgenic hyperaccumulators with enhanced stress tolerance to diverse contaminants such as heavy metals and metalloids, xenobiotics, explosives, poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), petroleum hydrocarbons, pesticides, and nanoparticles. The roles of genoremediation and nanoparticles in augmenting the phytoremediation technology are also described in an interrelated framework with biotechnological prospects (e.g., plant molecular nano-farming). Finally, political debate on the preferential use of crops versus non-crop hyperaccumulators in genoremediation, limitations of transgenics in phytotechnologies, and their public acceptance issues are discussed in the policy framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhat Kumar Rai
- Department of Environmental Science, Mizoram University, Aizawl 796004, India
| | - Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sang Soo Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Wonju 26494, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jin-Hong Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34148, Republic of Korea
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24
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Navarro-León E, Ruiz JM, Albacete A, Blasco B. Tolerance to cadmium toxicity and phytoremediation potential of three Brassica rapa CAX1a TILLING mutants. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 189:109961. [PMID: 31759737 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most toxic heavy metals that reduces crop productivity and is a threat to all the food chain including human health. Phytoremediation is an environmentally friendly strategy to clean up soil contaminated with heavy metals. Researchers are selecting new varieties with an enhanced capacity for phytoremediation purposes. Three Brassica rapa mutants for CAX1 transporter were obtained through TILLING. The objective of this work is to evaluate the tolerance of these mutants to Cd toxicity and its potential for Cd phytoremediation. For this, the mutants and the parental R-o-18 were grown under control and Cd toxicity conditions (100 μM CdCl2) and growth, Cd accumulation and physiological parameters were analyzed. The results show that BraA.cax1a mutation provides greater Cd uptake capacity although only BraA.cax1a-12 would be useful for phytoremediation because it registered more than three-fold the Cd content of R-o-18 and presented greater Cd tolerance. This tolerance could be due to the higher Ca and Mg accumulations, the maintaining of photosynthesis performance, the enhanced ROS detoxification and AsA/GSH and TCA cycles, the higher malate, and GA4 concentrations and the lower ethylene levels. Briefly, this study identifies BraA.cax1a-12 as a potential mutant for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil and identifies possible physiological elements that contribute to this capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloy Navarro-León
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Juan Manuel Ruiz
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
| | - Alfonso Albacete
- Department of Plant Nutrition, CEBAS-CSIC, Campus de Espinardo, E-30100, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Begoña Blasco
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Granada, 18071, Granada, Spain.
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25
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Mahmood-Ul-Hassan M, Yousra M, Saman L, Ahmad R. Floriculture: alternate non-edible plants for phyto-remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2020; 22:725-732. [PMID: 31916455 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1707772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Contamination of pre-urban arable land, by untreated municipal/industrial effluents derived heavy metals, is causing serious health hazards to human beings and abiotic components of the ecosystem. In this study, phytoremedial potential of four non-eatable floriculture plants, i.e. antirrhinum, pansy, calendula, and marigold, was explored by growing in heavy metal contaminated soil (collected from pre-urban area under untreated wastewater irrigation for more than 20 years) amended with bacterial inoculum and EDTA amended soils under greenhouse conditions for 75 days. Bacterial inoculation gave a maximum increase in the root (47.1%) and shoot (30.9%) biomass, while EDTA amendment gave 37.1 and 21.4%, respectively. However, EDTA application increases more metal concentrations in the root (65%) and shoot (36%) than that of bacterial inoculum, i.e. 37 and 27%, respectively. The values of bioconcentration factor (BCF) of all the plants for Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were significantly increased by EDTA application and bacterial inoculum over control. The BCF values were either ≈1 or >1 in all the treatments in case of Cr. Ni and Pb. Contrarily, reduction in translocation factor (TF) values of all the flowering plants for all the metals were observed over control when the growth medium was treated with EDTA and bacterial inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Mahmood-Ul-Hassan
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Munazza Yousra
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Laraib Saman
- PARC Institute of Advanced Studies in Agriculture, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Ahmad
- Land Resources Research Institute, National Agricultural Research Center, Islamabad, Pakistan
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26
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Qiao K, Wang F, Liang S, Hu Z, Chai T. Heterologous expression of TuCAX1a and TuCAX1b enhances Ca 2+ and Zn 2+ translocation in Arabidopsis. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2019; 38:597-607. [PMID: 30725161 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-019-02390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
TuCAX1a and TuCAX1b improved Ca2+ and Zn2+ translocation and TuCAX1b enhanced Ca2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ content when exposed to Cd2+; Cd2+ translocation was inhibited under Ca2+ and Zn2+. Cation/H+ antiporters (CAXs) are involved in the translocation of Ca2+ and various metal ions in higher plants. In the present study, TuCAX1a and TuCAX1b, two cation/H+ antiporters, were isolated from the diploid wheat Triticum urartu, and their metal cation translocation functions investigated. TuCAX1a and TuCAX1b showed abundant tissue-specific expression in the internode and beard, respectively, and their expression levels were increased in shoots exposed to Cd2+, Zn2+ and Ca2+. Plant phenotype analysis showed that overexpression of TuCAX1a and TuCAX1b could improve the tolerance of Arabidopsis to exogenous Ca2+ and Zn2+. In the plant shoots and roots, the contents of Ca2+ and Zn2+ were higher than wild-type plants under Ca2+ and Zn2+ treatments, indicating that TuCAX1a and TuCAX1b can enhance Ca2+ and Zn2+ translocation. Ca2+, Zn2+, Mn2+ and Fe2+ contents showed higher accumulation in TuCAX1b-transgenic Arabidopsis shoots than in wild-type plants exposed to Cd2+, and the translocation of Cd2+ was inhibited under Ca2+ and Zn2+. Overall, the present study provides a novel genetic resource for improving the uptake of microelements and reducing accumulation of toxic heavy metals in wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Qiao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fanhong Wang
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuang Liang
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangli Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource and Eco-environmental Science, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Marine Algal Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Tuanyao Chai
- College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- The Innovative Academy of Seed Design (INASEED), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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27
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Shi W, Zhang Y, Chen S, Polle A, Rennenberg H, Luo ZB. Physiological and molecular mechanisms of heavy metal accumulation in nonmycorrhizal versus mycorrhizal plants. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2019; 42:1087-1103. [PMID: 30375657 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Uptake, translocation, detoxification, and sequestration of heavy metals (HMs) are key processes in plants to deal with excess amounts of HM. Under natural conditions, plant roots often establish ecto- and/or arbuscular-mycorrhizae with their fungal partners, thereby altering HM accumulation in host plants. This review considers the progress in understanding the physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in HM accumulation in nonmycorrhizal versus mycorrhizal plants. In nonmycorrhizal plants, HM ions in the cells can be detoxified with the aid of several chelators. Furthermore, HMs can be sequestered in cell walls, vacuoles, and the Golgi apparatus of plants. The uptake and translocation of HMs are mediated by members of ZIPs, NRAMPs, and HMAs, and HM detoxification and sequestration are mainly modulated by members of ABCs and MTPs in nonmycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal-induced changes in HM accumulation in plants are mainly due to HM sequestration by fungal partners and improvements in the nutritional and antioxidative status of host plants. Furthermore, mycorrhizal fungi can trigger the differential expression of genes involved in HM accumulation in both partners. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that underlie HM accumulation in mycorrhizal plants is crucial for the utilization of fungi and their host plants to remediate HM-contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Yuhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
| | - Shaoliang Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Andrea Polle
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Institute for Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Zhi-Bin Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Silviculture of the State Forestry Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China
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28
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Asgari Lajayer B, Khadem Moghadam N, Maghsoodi MR, Ghorbanpour M, Kariman K. Phytoextraction of heavy metals from contaminated soil, water and atmosphere using ornamental plants: mechanisms and efficiency improvement strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:8468-8484. [PMID: 30712209 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-04241-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in soil, water and air is one of the major environmental concerns worldwide, which mainly occurs due to anthropogenic activities such as industrialization, urbanization, and mining. Conventional remediation strategies involving physical or chemical techniques are not cost-effective and/or eco-friendly, reinforcing the necessity for development of novel approaches. Phytoextraction has attracted considerable attention over the past decades and generally refers to use of plants for cleaning up environmental pollutants such as HMs. Compared to other plant types such as edible crops and medicinal plants, ornamental plants (OPs) seem to be a more viable option as they offer several advantages including cleaning up the HMs pollution, beautification of the environment, by-product generation and related economic benefits, and not generally being involved in the food/feed chain or other direct human applications. Phytoextraction ability of OPs involve diverse detoxification pathways such as enzymatic and non-enzymatic (secondary metabolites) antioxidative responses, distribution and deposition of HMs in the cell walls, vacuoles and metabolically inactive tissues, and chelation of HMs by a ligand such as phytochelatins followed by the sequestration of the metal-ligand complex into the vacuoles. The phytoextraction efficiency of OPs can be improved through chemical, microbial, soil amending, and genetic approaches, which primarily target bioavailability, uptake, and sequestration of HMs. In this review, we explore the phytoextraction potential of OPs for remediation of HMs-polluted environments, underpinning mechanisms, efficiency improvement strategies, and highlight the potential future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nader Khadem Moghadam
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Khalil Kariman
- School of Agriculture and Environment M087, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
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29
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Hu Y, Xu L, Tian S, Lu L, Lin X. Site-specific regulation of transcriptional responses to cadmium stress in the hyperaccumulator, Sedum alfredii: based on stem parenchymal and vascular cells. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2019; 99:347-362. [PMID: 30644059 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-019-00821-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We compared the transcriptomes of parenchymal and vascular cells of Sedum alfredii stem under Cd stress to reveal gene regulatory networks underlying Cd hyperaccumulation. Cadmium (Cd) hyperaccumulation in plants is a complex biological process controlled by gene regulatory networks. Efficient transport through vascular systems and storage by parenchymal cells are vital for Cd hyperaccumulation in the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii, but the genes involved are poorly understood. We investigated the spatial gene expression profiles of transport and storage sites in S. alfredii stem using laser-capture microdissection coupled with RNA sequencing. Gene expression patterns in response to Cd were distinct in vascular and parenchymal cells, indicating functional divisions that corresponded to Cd transportation and storage, respectively. In vascular cells, plasma membrane-related terms enriched a large number of differentially-expressed genes (DEGs) for foundational roles in Cd transportation. Parenchymal cells contained considerable DEGs specifically concentrated on vacuole-related terms associated with Cd sequestration and detoxification. In both cell types, DEGs were classified into different metabolic pathways in a similar way, indicating the role of Cd in activating a systemic stress signalling network where ATP-binding cassette transporters and Ca2+ signal pathways were probably involved. This study identified site-specific regulation of transcriptional responses to Cd stress in S. alfredii and analysed a collection of genes that possibly function in Cd transportation and detoxification, thus providing systemic information and direction for further investigation of Cd hyperaccumulation molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingling Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shengke Tian
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lingli Lu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xianyong Lin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Subtropic Soil and Plant Nutrition, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, College of Environmental & Resource Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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Bahmani R, Kim D, Na J, Hwang S. Expression of the Tobacco Non-symbiotic Class 1 Hemoglobin Gene Hb1 Reduces Cadmium Levels by Modulating Cd Transporter Expression Through Decreasing Nitric Oxide and ROS Level in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:201. [PMID: 30853969 PMCID: PMC6396062 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Hemoglobin (Hb) proteins are ubiquitous in plants, and non-symbiotic class 1 hemoglobin (Hb1) is involved in various biotic and abiotic stress responses. Here, the expression of the tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) hemoglobin gene NtHb1 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) showed higher cadmium (Cd) tolerance and lower accumulations of Cd, nitric oxide (NO), and reactive oxygen species (ROS) like hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis exhibited a reduced induction of NO levels in response to Cd, suggesting scavenging of NO by Hb1. In addition, transgenic plants had reduced accumulation of ROS and increased activities of antioxidative enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione reductase) in response to Cd. While the expression of the Cd exporters ABC transporter (PDR8) and Ca2+/H+ exchangers (CAXs) was increased, that of the Cd importers iron responsive transporter 1 (IRT1) and P-type 2B Ca2+ ATPase (ACA10) was reduced in response to Cd. When Col-0 plants were treated with the NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and H2O2, the expression pattern of Cd transporters (PDR8, CAX3, IRT1, and ACA10) was reversed, suggesting that NtHb1 expression decreased the Cd level by regulating the expression of Cd transporters via decreased NO and ROS. Correspondingly, NtHb1-expressing Arabidopsis showed increased Cd export. In summary, the expression of NtHb1 reduces Cd levels by regulating Cd transporter expression via decreased NO and ROS levels in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - JongDuk Na
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Seongbin Hwang,
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Suman J, Uhlik O, Viktorova J, Macek T. Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals: A Promising Tool for Clean-Up of Polluted Environment? FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1476. [PMID: 30459775 PMCID: PMC6232834 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/20/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Pollution by heavy metals (HM) represents a serious threat for both the environment and human health. Due to their elemental character, HM cannot be chemically degraded, and their detoxification in the environment mostly resides either in stabilization in situ or in their removal from the matrix, e.g., soil. For this purpose, phytoremediation, i.e., the application of plants for the restoration of a polluted environment, has been proposed as a promising green alternative to traditional physical and chemical methods. Among the phytoremediation techniques, phytoextraction refers to the removal of HM from the matrix through their uptake by a plant. It possesses considerable advantages over traditional techniques, especially due to its cost effectiveness, potential treatment of multiple HM simultaneously, no need for the excavation of contaminated soil, good acceptance by the public, the possibility of follow-up processing of the biomass produced, etc. In this review, we focused on three basic HM phytoextraction strategies that differ in the type of plant species being employed: natural hyperaccumulators, fast-growing plant species with high-biomass production and, potentially, plants genetically engineered toward a phenotype that favors efficient HM uptake and boosted HM tolerance. Considerable knowledge on the applicability of plants for HM phytoextraction has been gathered to date from both lab-scale studies performed under controlled model conditions and field trials using real environmental conditions. Based on this knowledge, many specific applications of plants for the remediation of HM-polluted soils have been proposed. Such studies often also include suggestions for the further processing of HM-contaminated biomass, therefore providing an added economical value. Based on the examples presented here, we recommend that intensive research be performed on the selection of appropriate plant taxa for various sets of conditions, environmental risk assessment, the fate of HM-enriched biomass, economical aspects of the process, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jachym Suman
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Food and Biochemical Technology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Czechia
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Fasani E, Manara A, Martini F, Furini A, DalCorso G. The potential of genetic engineering of plants for the remediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1201-1232. [PMID: 28386947 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The genetic engineering of plants to facilitate the reclamation of soils and waters contaminated with inorganic pollutants is a relatively new and evolving field, benefiting from the heterologous expression of genes that increase the capacity of plants to mobilize, stabilize and/or accumulate metals. The efficiency of phytoremediation relies on the mechanisms underlying metal accumulation and tolerance, such as metal uptake, translocation and detoxification. The transfer of genes involved in any of these processes into fast-growing, high-biomass crops may improve their reclamation potential. The successful phytoextraction of metals/metalloids and their accumulation in aerial organs have been achieved by expressing metal ligands or transporters, enzymes involved in sulfur metabolism, enzymes that alter the chemical form or redox state of metals/metalloids and even the components of primary metabolism. This review article considers the potential of genetic engineering as a strategy to improve the phytoremediation capacity of plants in the context of heavy metals and metalloids, using recent case studies to demonstrate the practical application of this approach in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Fasani
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, St. Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Anna Manara
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, St. Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Flavio Martini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, St. Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Antonella Furini
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, St. Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
| | - Giovanni DalCorso
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, St. Le Grazie 15, Verona, 37134, Italy
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Inducing Ni sensitivity in the Ni hyperaccumulator plant Alyssum inflatum Nyárády (Brassicaceae) by transforming with CAX1, a vacuolar membrane calcium transporter. Ecol Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-018-1560-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nahar N, Rahman A, Nawani NN, Ghosh S, Mandal A. Phytoremediation of arsenic from the contaminated soil using transgenic tobacco plants expressing ACR2 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2017; 218:121-126. [PMID: 28818758 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We have cloned, characterized and transformed the AtACR2 gene (arsenic reductase 2) of Arabidopsis thaliana into the genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum, var Sumsun). Our results revealed that the transgenic tobacco plants are more tolerant to arsenic than the wild type ones. These plants can grow on culture medium containing 200μM arsenate, whereas the wild type can barely survive under this condition. Furthermore, when exposed to 100μM arsenate for 35days the amount of arsenic accumulated in the shoots of transgenic plants was significantly lower (28μg/g d wt.) than that found in the shoots of non-transgenic controls (40μg/g d wt.). However, the arsenic content in the roots of transgenic plants was significantly higher (2400μg/g d. wt.) than that (2100μg/g d. wt.) observed in roots of wild type plants. We have demonstrated that Arabidopsis thaliana AtACR2 gene is a potential candidate for genetic engineering of plants to develop new crop cultivars that can be grown on arsenic contaminated fields to reduce arsenic content of the soil and can become a source of food containing no arsenic or exhibiting substantially reduced amount of this metalloid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Nahar
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, P.O. Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden
| | - Aminur Rahman
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, P.O. Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden.
| | - Neelu N Nawani
- Microbial Diversity Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Biotechnology and Bioinformatics Institute, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Tathawade, Pune-411033, India
| | - Sibdas Ghosh
- School of Arts and Science, Iona College, New Rochelle, NY 10801, USA
| | - Abul Mandal
- Systems Biology Research Center, School of Bioscience, University of Skövde, P.O. Box 408, SE-541 28 Skövde, Sweden
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Yu R, Li D, Du X, Xia S, Liu C, Shi G. Comparative transcriptome analysis reveals key cadmium transport-related genes in roots of two pak choi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis) cultivars. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:587. [PMID: 28789614 PMCID: PMC5549386 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cadmium translocation from roots to shoots is a complex biological process that is controlled by gene regulatory networks. Pak choi exhibits wide cultivar variations in Cd accumulation. However, the molecular mechanism involved in cadmium translocation and accumulation is still unclear. To isolate differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in transporter-mediated regulatory mechanisms of Cd translocation in two contrasting pak choi cultivars, Baiyewuyueman (B, high Cd accumulator) and Kuishan’aijiaoheiye (K, low Cd accumulator), eight cDNA libraries from the roots of two cultivars were constructed and sequenced by RNA-sequencing. Results A total of 244,190 unigenes were obtained. Of them, 6827 DEGs, including BCd10 vs. BCd0 (690), KCd10 vs. KCd0 (2733), KCd0 vs. BCd0 (2919), and KCd10 vs. BCd10 (3455), were identified. Regulatory roles of these DEGs were annotated and clarified through GO and KEEG enrichment analysis. Interestingly, 135 DEGs encoding ion transport (i.e. ZIPs, P1B-type ATPase and MTPs) related proteins were identified. The expression patterns of ten critical genes were validated using RT-qPCR analysis. Furthermore, a putative model of cadmium translocation regulatory network in pak choi was proposed. Conclusions High Cd cultivar (Baiyewuyueman) showed higher expression levels in plasma membrane-localized transport genes (i.e., ZIP2, ZIP3, IRT1, HMA2 and HMA4) and tonoplast-localized transport genes (i.e., CAX4, HMA3, MRP7, MTP3 and COPT5) than low Cd cultivar (Kuishan’aijiaoheiye). These genes, therefore, might be involved in root-to-shoot Cd translocation in pak choi. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3973-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rugang Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueling Du
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenglan Xia
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, People's Republic of China
| | - Caifeng Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangrong Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, Anhui, 235000, People's Republic of China.
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Bahmani R, Kim D, Lee BD, Hwang S. Over-expression of tobacco UBC1 encoding a ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme increases cadmium tolerance by activating the 20S/26S proteasome and by decreasing Cd accumulation and oxidative stress in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum). PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2017; 94:433-451. [PMID: 28508171 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-017-0616-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Ubiquitin (Ub)-conjugating enzyme (UBC, E2) receives Ub from Ub-activating enzyme (E1) and transfers it to target proteins, thereby playing a key role in Ub/26S proteasome-dependent proteolysis. UBC has been reported to be involved in tolerating abiotic stress in plants, including drought, salt, osmotic and water stresses. To isolate the genes involved in Cd tolerance, we transformed WT (wild-type) yeast Y800 with a tobacco cDNA expression library and isolated a tobacco cDNA, NtUBC1 (Ub-conjugating enzyme), that enhances cadmium tolerance. When NtUBC1 was over-expressed in tobacco, cadmium tolerance was enhanced, but the Cd level was decreased. Interestingly, 20S proteasome activity was increased and ubiquitinated protein levels were diminished in response to cadmium in NtUBC1 tobacco. By contrast, proteasome activity was decreased and ubiquitinated protein levels were slightly enhanced by Cd treatment in control tobacco, which is sensitive to Cd. Moreover, the oxidative stress level was induced to a lesser extent by Cd in NtUBC1 tobacco compared with control plants, which is ascribed to the higher activity of antioxidant enzymes in NtUBC1 tobacco. In addition, NtUBC1 tobacco displayed a reduced accumulation of Cd compared with the control, likely due to the higher expression of CAX3 (Ca2+/H+ exchanger) and the lower expression of IRT1 (iron-responsive transporter 1) and HMA-A and -B (heavy metal ATPase). In contrast, atubc1 and atubc1atubc2 Arabidopsis exhibited lower Cd tolerance and proteasome activity than WT. In conclusion, NtUBC1 expression promotes cadmium tolerance likely by removing cadmium-damaged proteins via Ub/26S proteasome-dependent proteolysis or the Ub-independent 20S proteasome and by diminishing oxidative stress through the activation of antioxidant enzymes and decreasing Cd accumulation due to higher CAX3 and lower IRT1 and HMA-A/B expression in response to 50 µM Cd challenge for 3 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Bahmani
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - DongGwan Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byoung Doo Lee
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seongbin Hwang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Plant Engineering Research Institute, Sejong University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Metal bioremediation by CrMTP4 over-expressing Chlamydomonas reinhardtii in comparison to natural wastewater-tolerant microalgae strains. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Song Y, Jin L, Wang X. Cadmium absorption and transportation pathways in plants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2017; 19:133-141. [PMID: 27409403 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2016.1207598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the uptake, transport, translocation, and accumulation of excessive amounts of cadmium from polluted environments is critical for plants and, consequently, humans with regard to food safety. Plants adopt various cellular and molecular mechanisms to minimize Cd toxicity. Upon exposure to Cd, plants initially implement avoidance strategies, such as production of organic acids, chelation, and sequestration, to prevent metal access to root cells. Nevertheless, Cd can be transported through the roots, stems, and leaves via apoplastic and symplastic pathways. These processes have been controlled by specific sites at the root surface and root cortex, in cells responsible for loading the root xylem, at the transition between the vascular systems of the root and the shoot, and in connecting tissues and cells at the stem. Although resistance to heavy metal cadmium can be achieved by either avoidance or tolerance, genetic basis to tolerance is therefore implied, in that these mechanisms are heritable attributes of tolerant mutants or genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- a School of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , China
- b Environment Management College of China , Qinhuangdao , China
| | - Liang Jin
- c Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum , Shanghai , China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- c Natural History Research Center, Shanghai Natural History Museum, Shanghai Science & Technology Museum , Shanghai , China
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Pittman JK, Hirschi KD. CAX-ing a wide net: Cation/H(+) transporters in metal remediation and abiotic stress signalling. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2016; 18:741-9. [PMID: 27061644 PMCID: PMC4982074 DOI: 10.1111/plb.12460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cation/proton exchangers (CAXs) are a class of secondary energised ion transporter that are being implicated in an increasing range of cellular and physiological functions. CAXs are primarily Ca(2+) efflux transporters that mediate the sequestration of Ca(2+) from the cytosol, usually into the vacuole. Some CAX isoforms have broad substrate specificity, providing the ability to transport trace metal ions such as Mn(2+) and Cd(2+) , as well as Ca(2+) . In recent years, genomic analyses have begun to uncover the expansion of CAXs within the green lineage and their presence within non-plant species. Although there appears to be significant conservation in tertiary structure of CAX proteins, there is diversity in function of CAXs between species and individual isoforms. For example, in halophytic plants, CAXs have been recruited to play a role in salt tolerance, while in metal hyperaccumulator plants CAXs are implicated in cadmium transport and tolerance. CAX proteins are involved in various abiotic stress response pathways, in some cases as a modulator of cytosolic Ca(2+) signalling, but in some situations there is evidence of CAXs acting as a pH regulator. The metal transport and abiotic stress tolerance functions of CAXs make them attractive targets for biotechnology, whether to provide mineral nutrient biofortification or toxic metal bioremediation. The study of non-plant CAXs may also provide insight into both conserved and novel transport mechanisms and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. K. Pittman
- Faculty of Life SciencesUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - K. D. Hirschi
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research CenterBaylor College of MedicineHoustonTXUSA
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Transgenic Approaches to Enhance Phytoremediation of Heavy Metal-Polluted Soils. SOIL BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-35564-6_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Khoudi H, Maatar Y, Brini F, Fourati A, Ammar N, Masmoudi K. Phytoremediation potential of Arabidopsis thaliana, expressing ectopically a vacuolar proton pump, for the industrial waste phosphogypsum. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:270-280. [PMID: 22956112 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-012-1143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum (PG) is a by-product of the phosphorus-fertiliser industry and represents an environmental concern since it contains pollutants such as cadmium (Cd). We have recently shown that the overexpression of a proton pump gene (TaVP1) in transgenic tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) led to an enhanced Cd tolerance and accumulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana plants harbouring the TaVP1 gene to phytoremediate phosphogypsum. A pot experiment was carried out under greenhouse conditions. Transgenic A. thaliana plants harbouring the TaVP1 gene were grown on various substrates containing phosphogypsum (0, 25, 50 and 100 %) for 40 days. At the end of the growth period, we examined the growth (germination, root length, fresh weight) and physiological parameters (chlorophyll and protein contents, catalase activity and proteolysis) as well as the cadmium, Mg, Ca, and P contents of the A. thaliana plants. In order to evaluate Cd tolerance of the A. thaliana lines harbouring the TaVP1 gene, an in vitro experiment was also carried out. One week-old seedlings were transferred to Murashige and Skoog agar plates containing various concentrations of cadmium; the germination, total leaf area and root length were determined. The growth and physiological parameters of all A. thaliana plants were significantly altered by PG. The germination capacity, root growth and biomass production of wild-type (WT) plants were more severely inhibited by PG compared with the TaVP1 transgenic A. thaliana lines. In addition, TaVP1 transgenic A. thaliana plants maintained a higher antioxidant capacity than the WT. Interestingly, elemental analysis of leaf material derived from plants grown on PG revealed that the transgenic A. thaliana line accumulated up to ten times more Cd than WT. Despite its higher Cd content, the transgenic A. thaliana line performed better than the WT counterpart. In vitro evaluation of Cd tolerance showed that TaVP1 transgenic A. thaliana lines were more Cd-tolerant than the WT plants. These results suggested that ectopic expression of a vacuolar proton pump in A. thaliana plants can lead to various biotechnological applications including the phytoremediation of industrial wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Khoudi
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Improvement, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Route Sidi Mansour Km 6, BP '1177', 3018 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Induri BR, Ellis DR, Slavov GT, Yin T, Zhang X, Muchero W, Tuskan GA, DiFazio SP. Identification of quantitative trait loci and candidate genes for cadmium tolerance in Populus. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 32:626-638. [PMID: 22522179 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tps032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Understanding genetic variation for the response of Populus to heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) is an important step in elucidating the underlying mechanisms of tolerance. In this study, a pseudo-backcross pedigree of Populus trichocarpa Torr. & Gray and Populus deltoides Bart. was characterized for growth and performance traits after Cd exposure. A total of 16 quantitative trait loci (QTL) at logarithm of odds (LOD) ratio ≥ 2.5 were detected for total dry weight, its components and root volume. Major QTL for Cd responses were mapped to two different linkage groups and the relative allelic effects were in opposing directions on the two chromosomes, suggesting differential mechanisms at these two loci. The phenotypic variance explained by Cd QTL ranged from 5.9 to 11.6% and averaged 8.2% across all QTL. A whole-genome microarray study led to the identification of nine Cd-responsive genes from these QTL. Promising candidates for Cd tolerance include an NHL repeat membrane-spanning protein, a metal transporter and a putative transcription factor. Additional candidates in the QTL intervals include a putative homolog of a glutamate cysteine ligase, and a glutathione-S-transferase. Functional characterization of these candidate genes should enhance our understanding of Cd metabolism and transport and phytoremediation capabilities of Populus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brahma Reddy Induri
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, 53 Campus Drive, Morgantown, WV 26506-6057, USA
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Khoudi H, Maatar Y, Gouiaa S, Masmoudi K. Transgenic tobacco plants expressing ectopically wheat H⁺-pyrophosphatase (H⁺-PPase) gene TaVP1 show enhanced accumulation and tolerance to cadmium. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 169:98-103. [PMID: 22056071 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2011.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is considered an extremely significant pollutant due to its high toxicity to many organisms. Plants have evolved several mechanisms to cope with Cd, the most important of which is vacuolar sequestration. Cadmium can be directly transported into vacuoles by cations/H(+) exchangers, such as CAXs, which are energized by the pH gradient established by proton pumps. A cDNA (TaVP1) encoding wheat vacuolar H(+)-pyrophosphatase (V-H-PPase) was ectopically expressed in transgenic tobacco to evaluate whether this proton pump expression would enhance Cd tolerance and accumulation in planta. When TaVP1-expressing plants were exposed to various concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant to Cd compared to wild type plants. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants was higher than that in wild type plants. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the potential for enhancing proton pump expression as a strategy to improve Cd tolerance and accumulation in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Khoudi
- Laboratory of Plant Protection and Improvement, University of Sfax, Center of Biotechnology of Sfax, B.P1117, 3038 Sfax, Tunisia.
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Mechanisms of Cd Hyperaccumulation and Detoxification in Heavy Metal Hyperaccumulators: How Plants Cope with Cd. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-22746-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Manohar M, Shigaki T, Hirschi KD. Plant cation/H+ exchangers (CAXs): biological functions and genetic manipulations. PLANT BIOLOGY (STUTTGART, GERMANY) 2011; 13:561-9. [PMID: 21668596 DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.2011.00466.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic cations play decisive roles in many cellular and physiological processes and are essential components of plant nutrition. Therefore, the uptake of cations and their redistribution must be precisely controlled. Vacuolar antiporters are important elements in mediating the intracellular sequestration of these cations. These antiporters are energized by the proton gradient across the vacuolar membrane and allow the rapid transport of cations into the vacuole. CAXs (for CAtion eXchanger) are members of a multigene family and appear to predominately reside on vacuoles. Defining CAX regulation and substrate specificity have been aided by utilising yeast as an experimental tool. Studies in plants suggest CAXs regulate apoplastic Ca(2+) levels in order to optimise cell wall expansion, photosynthesis, transpiration and plant productivity. CAX studies provide the basis for making designer transporters that have been used to develop nutrient enhanced crops and plants for remediating toxic soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manohar
- United States Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Dixit P, Mukherjee PK, Ramachandran V, Eapen S. Glutathione transferase from Trichoderma virens enhances cadmium tolerance without enhancing its accumulation in transgenic Nicotiana tabacum. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16360. [PMID: 21283689 PMCID: PMC3024989 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cadmium (Cd) is a major heavy metal pollutant which is highly toxic to plants and animals. Vast agricultural areas worldwide are contaminated with Cd. Plants take up Cd and through the food chain it reaches humans and causes toxicity. It is ideal to develop plants tolerant to Cd, without enhanced accumulation in the edible parts for human consumption. Glutathione transferases (GST) are a family of multifunctional enzymes known to have important roles in combating oxidative stresses induced by various heavy metals including Cd. Some GSTs are also known to function as glutathione peroxidases. Overexpression/heterologous expression of GSTs is expected to result in plants tolerant to heavy metals such as Cd. RESULTS Here, we report cloning of a glutathione transferase gene from Trichoderma virens, a biocontrol fungus and introducing it into Nicotiana tabacum plants by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer. Transgenic nature of the plants was confirmed by Southern blot hybridization and expression by reverse transcription PCR. Transgene (TvGST) showed single gene Mendelian inheritance. When transgenic plants expressing TvGST gene were exposed to different concentrations of Cd, they were found to be more tolerant compared to wild type plants, with transgenic plants showing lower levels of lipid peroxidation. Levels of different antioxidant enzymes such as glutathione transferase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, guiacol peroxidase and catalase showed enhanced levels in transgenic plants expressing TvGST compared to control plants, when exposed to Cd. Cadmium accumulation in the plant biomass in transgenic plants were similar or lower than wild-type plants. CONCLUSION The results of the present study suggest that transgenic tobacco plants expressing a Trichoderma virens GST are more tolerant to Cd, without enhancing its accumulation in the plant biomass. It should be possible to extend the present results to crop plants for developing Cd tolerance and in limiting Cd availability in the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prachy Dixit
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Prasun K. Mukherjee
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - V. Ramachandran
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
| | - Susan Eapen
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India
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