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Charagh S, Hui S, Wang J, Raza A, Zhou L, Xu B, Zhang Y, Sheng Z, Tang S, Hu S, Hu P. Unveiling Innovative Approaches to Mitigate Metals/Metalloids Toxicity for Sustainable Agriculture. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14226. [PMID: 38410873 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Due to anthropogenic activities, environmental pollution of heavy metals/metalloids (HMs) has increased and received growing attention in recent decades. Plants growing in HM-contaminated soils have slower growth and development, resulting in lower agricultural yield. Exposure to HMs leads to the generation of free radicals (oxidative stress), which alters plant morpho-physiological and biochemical pathways at the cellular and tissue levels. Plants have evolved complex defense mechanisms to avoid or tolerate the toxic effects of HMs, including HMs absorption and accumulation in cell organelles, immobilization by forming complexes with organic chelates, extraction via numerous transporters, ion channels, signaling cascades, and transcription elements, among others. Nonetheless, these internal defensive mechanisms are insufficient to overcome HMs toxicity. Therefore, unveiling HMs adaptation and tolerance mechanisms is necessary for sustainable agriculture. Recent breakthroughs in cutting-edge approaches such as phytohormone and gasotransmitters application, nanotechnology, omics, and genetic engineering tools have identified molecular regulators linked to HMs tolerance, which may be applied to generate HMs-tolerant future plants. This review summarizes numerous systems that plants have adapted to resist HMs toxicity, such as physiological, biochemical, and molecular responses. Diverse adaptation strategies have also been comprehensively presented to advance plant resilience to HMs toxicity that could enable sustainable agricultural production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Suozhen Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingxin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Ali Raza
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Epigenetics, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhonghua Sheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shaoqing Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Shikai Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Hangzhou, China
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Smolko A, Repar J, Matković M, Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Ludwig-Müller J, Salopek-Sondi B. Application of Long-Chained Auxin Conjugates Influenced Auxin Metabolism and Transcriptome Response in Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 25:447. [PMID: 38203617 PMCID: PMC10778880 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25010447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Auxin amino acid conjugates are considered to be storage forms of auxins. Previous research has shown that indole-3-acetyl-L-alanine (IAA-Ala), indole-3-propionyl-L-alanine (IPA-Ala) and indole-3-butyryl-L-alanine (IBA-Ala) affect the root growth of Brassica rapa seedlings. To elucidate the potential mechanism of action of the conjugates, we treated B. rapa seedlings with 0.01 mM IAA-, IPA- and IBA-Ala and investigated their effects on the auxin metabolome and transcriptome. IBA-Ala and IPA-Ala caused a significant inhibition of root growth and a decrease in free IAA compared to the control and IAA-Ala treatments. The identification of free auxins IBA and IPA after feeding experiments with IBA-Ala and IPA-Ala, respectively, confirms their hydrolysis in vivo and indicates active auxins responsible for a stronger inhibition of root growth. IBA-Ala caused the induction of most DEGs (807) compared to IPA-Ala (417) and IAA-Ala (371). All treatments caused similar trends in transcription profile changes when compared to control treatments. The majority of auxin-related DEGs were found after IBA-Ala treatment, followed by IPA-Ala and IAA-Ala, which is consistent with the apparent root morphology. In addition to most YUC genes, which showed a tendency to be downregulated, transcripts of auxin-related DEGs that were identified (UGT74E2, GH3.2, SAUR, IAA2, etc.) were more highly expressed after all treatments. Our results are consistent with the hypothesis that the hydrolysis of conjugates and the release of free auxins are responsible for the effects of conjugate treatments. In conclusion, free auxins released by the hydrolysis of all auxin conjugates applied affect gene regulation, auxin homeostasis and ultimately root growth inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Smolko
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Jelena Repar
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
| | - Marija Matković
- Department for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Iva Pavlović
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Faculty of Science of Palacký University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-783 71 Olomouc, Czech Republic; (I.P.); (A.P.); (O.N.)
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institute of Botany, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 20b, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department for Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.S.); (J.R.)
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Li S, Wang HY, Zhang Y, Huang J, Chen Z, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Auxin is involved in cadmium accumulation in rice through controlling nitric oxide production and the ability of cell walls to bind cadmium. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 904:166644. [PMID: 37659569 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
Although auxin has been linked to plants' responses to cadmium (Cd) stress, the exact mechanism is yet elusive. The objective of the current investigation was to determine the role and the mechanism of auxin in controlling rice's Cd accumulation. Rice roots with Cd stress have higher endogenous auxin levels, and exogenous auxin combined Cd treatment could reduce root cell wall's hemicellulose content when compared with Cd treatment alone, which in turn reduced its fixation of Cd, as well as decreased the expression of OsCd1 (a major facilitator superfamily gene), OsNRAMP1/5 (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 1/5), OsZIP5/9 (Zinc Transporter 5/9), and OsHMA2 (Heavy Metal ATPase 2) that participated in Cd uptake and root to shoot translocation. Furthermore, less Cd accumulated in the shoots as a result of auxin's impact in increasing the expression of OsCAL1 (Cadmium accumulation in Leaf 1), OsABCG36/OsPDR9 (G-type ATP-binding cassette transporter/Pleiotropic drug resistance 9), and OsHMA3, which were in charge of Cd efflux and sequestering into vacuoles, respectively. Additionally, auxin decreased endogenous nitric oxide (NO) levels and antioxidant enzyme activity, while treatment of a NO scavenger-cPTIO-reduced auxin's alleviatory effects. In conclusion, the rice's ability to tolerate Cd toxicity was likely increased by the auxin-accelerated cell wall Cd exclusion mechanism, a pathway that controlled by the buildup of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hao Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhijian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Luo P, Li TT, Shi WM, Ma Q, Di DW. The Roles of GRETCHEN HAGEN3 (GH3)-Dependent Auxin Conjugation in the Regulation of Plant Development and Stress Adaptation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:4111. [PMID: 38140438 PMCID: PMC10747189 DOI: 10.3390/plants12244111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The precise control of free auxin (indole-3-acetic acid, IAA) gradient, which is orchestrated by biosynthesis, conjugation, degradation, hydrolyzation, and transport, is critical for all aspects of plant growth and development. Of these, the GRETCHEN HAGEN 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetase family, pivotal in conjugating IAA with amino acids, has garnered significant interest. Recent advances in understanding GH3-dependent IAA conjugation have positioned GH3 functional elucidation as a hot topic of research. This review aims to consolidate and discuss recent findings on (i) the enzymatic mechanisms driving GH3 activity, (ii) the influence of chemical inhibitor on GH3 function, and (iii) the transcriptional regulation of GH3 and its impact on plant development and stress response. Additionally, we explore the distinct biological functions attributed to IAA-amino acid conjugates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Luo
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Ting-Ting Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei-Ming Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qi Ma
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Dong-Wei Di
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; (T.-T.L.); (W.-M.S.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Moeen-Ud-Din M, Yang S, Wang J. Auxin homeostasis in plant responses to heavy metal stress. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 205:108210. [PMID: 38006792 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.108210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Expeditious industrialization and anthropogenic activities have resulted in large amounts of heavy metals (HMs) being released into the environment. These HMs affect crop yields and directly threaten global food security. Therefore, significant efforts have been made to control the toxic effects of HMs on crops. When HMs are taken up by plants, various mechanisms are stimulated to alleviate HM stress, including the biosynthesis and transport of auxin in the plant. Interestingly, researchers have noted the significant potential of auxin in mediating resistance to HM stress, primarily by reducing uptake of metals, promoting chelation and sequestration in plant tissues, and mitigating oxidative damage. Both exogenous administration of auxin and manipulation of intrinsic auxin status are effective strategies to protect plants from the negative consequences of HMs stress. Regulation of genes and transcription factors related to auxin homeostasis has been shown to be related to varying degrees to the type and concentration of HMs. Therefore, to derive the maximum benefit from auxin-mediated mechanisms to attenuate HM toxicities, it is essential to gain a comprehensive understanding of signaling pathways involved in regulatory actions. This review primarily emphases on the auxin-mediated mechanisms participating in the injurious effects of HMs in plants. Thus, it will pave the way to understanding the mechanism of auxin homeostasis in regulating HM tolerance in plants and become a tool for developing sustainable strategies for agricultural growth in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Moeen-Ud-Din
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Shaohui Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Jiehua Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
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You Y, Wang L, Ju C, Wang X, Wang Y. How does phosphorus influence Cd tolerance strategy in arbuscular mycorrhizal - Phragmites australis symbiotic system? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131318. [PMID: 37011447 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
To clarify how phosphorus (P) influences arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) interactions with host plants, we measured the effects of variation in environmental P levels and AMF colonization on photosynthesis, element absorption, ultrastructure, antioxidant capacity, and transcription mechanisms in Phragmites australis (P. australis) under cadmium (Cd) stress. AMF maintained photosynthetic stability, element balance, subcellular integrity and enhanced antioxidant capacity by upregulating antioxidant gene expression. Specifically, AMF overcame Cd-induced stomatal limitation, and mycorrhizal dependence peaked in the high Cd-moderate P treatment (156.08%). Antioxidants and compatible solutes responded to P-level changes: the primary driving forces of removing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and maintaining osmotic balance were superoxide dismutase, catalase, and sugars at limited P levels and total polyphenol, flavonoid, peroxidase, and proline at abundant P levels, we refer to this phenomenon as "functional link." AMF and phosphorus enhanced Cd tolerance in P. australis, but the regulation of AMF was P-dependent. Phosphorus prevented increases in total glutathione content and AMF-induced GSH/GSSG ratio (reduced to oxidized glutathione ratio) by inhibiting the expression of assimilatory sulfate reduction and glutathione reductase genes. The AMF-induced flavonoid synthesis pathway was regulated by P, and AMF activated Cd-tolerance mechanisms by inducing P-dependent signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongqiang You
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chang Ju
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
| | - Yujiao Wang
- State Key Lab of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, No. 73, Huanghe Road, Nangang, Harbin 150090, People's Republic of China
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Peera Sheikh Kulsum PG, Khanam R, Das S, Nayak AK, Tack FMG, Meers E, Vithanage M, Shahid M, Kumar A, Chakraborty S, Bhattacharya T, Biswas JK. A state-of-the-art review on cadmium uptake, toxicity, and tolerance in rice: From physiological response to remediation process. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115098. [PMID: 36586716 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd), a major contaminant of concern, has been extensively reviewed and debated for its anthropogenic global shifts. Cadmium levels in rice grains raise wide food safety concerns. The aim of this review is therefore to capture the dynamics of Cd in paddy soil, translocation pathways of Cd from soil to consumption rice, and assess its bio-accessibility in human consumption. In crop plants, Cd reduces absorption of nutrients and water, triggers oxidative stress, and inhibits plant metabolism. Understanding the mechanisms and behaviour of Cd in paddy soil and rice allows to explain, predict and intervene in Cd transferability from soil to grains and human exposure. Factors affecting Cd movement in soil, and further to rice grain, are elucidated. Recently, physiological and molecular understanding of Cd transport in rice plants have been advanced. Morphological-biochemical characteristics and Cd transporters of plants in such a movement were also highlighted. Ecologically viable remediation approaches, including low input cost agronomic methods, phytoremediation and microbial bioremediation methods, are emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rubina Khanam
- ICAR-Crop Production Division, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Shreya Das
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, 741252, West Bengal, India
| | - Amaresh Kumar Nayak
- ICAR-Crop Production Division, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Erik Meers
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Meththika Vithanage
- Ecosphere Resilience Research Centre, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Sri Lanka
| | - Mohammad Shahid
- ICAR-Crop Production Division, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Anjani Kumar
- ICAR-Crop Production Division, National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, 753006, Odisha, India
| | - Sukalyan Chakraborty
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Environmental Engineering Laboratory, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Jayanta Kumar Biswas
- Department of Ecological Studies &International Centre for Ecological Engineering, Universityof Kalyani, Kalyani, Nadia, 741235, West Bengal, India.
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Wang L, Jian Z, Wang P, Zhao L, Chen K. Combined physiological responses and differential expression of drought-responsive genes preliminarily explain the drought resistance mechanism of Lotus corniculatus. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2023; 50:46-57. [PMID: 36031596 DOI: 10.1071/fp22051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lotus corniculatus L. is a perennial high-quality legume forage species but is vulnerable to drought, and water deficit reduces productivity. To understand the drought response mechanism of L. corniculatus , we investigated physiological responses under drought stress and constructed suppression subtractive hybridisation (SSH) cDNA libraries to isolate drought-inducible genes and quantitatively study the expression levels of candidate drought- responsive genes. Genes encoding calmodulin-like protein, mitogen-activated protein kinase, indole-3-acetic acid-induced protein, ser/thr-protein phosphatase homolog-related proteins, and β -galactosidase-related protein with hydrolysis activity were isolated and considered the main factors that explained the resistance of L. corniculatus to drought. Approximately 632 expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were identified and confirmed in the constructed SSH library. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that these genes were involved mainly in transcription processes, protein synthesis, material metabolism, catalytic reactions, sugar metabolism, and photosynthesis. The interaction between the functions of these drought-related genes and the physiological responses preliminarily explains the drought resistance mechanisms of L. corniculatus .
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Affiliation(s)
- Leiting Wang
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Zhongling Jian
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Puchang Wang
- Guizhou Institute of Prataculture, Guiyang 550006, China
| | - Lili Zhao
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; and State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Rocky Desertification Control, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Keke Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Ciarkowska A, Wojtaczka P, Kęsy J, Ostrowski M. Auxin homeostasis in maize (Zea mays) is regulated via 1-O-indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol synthesis at early stages of seedling development and under abiotic stress. PLANTA 2022; 257:23. [PMID: 36539632 PMCID: PMC9768015 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-04058-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol biosynthesis is regulated during maize seedling development and in response to drought and cold stress. The main purpose of this pathway is maintenance of auxin homeostasis. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) conjugation to myo-inositol is a part of a mechanism controlling free auxin level in maize. In this work, we investigated changes in the indole-3-acetyl-myo-inositol (IAInos) biosynthesis pathway in 3-d- and 6-d-old maize seedlings and germinating seeds as well as in seedlings subjected to drought and cold stress to evaluate a role of this pathway in maize development and stress response. In germinating seeds, activity of the enzymes involved in IAInos biosynthesis remains unchanged between 3-d- and 6-d-old material but increases in coleoptiles and radicles of the seedlings. Under cold stress, in germinating seeds and in coleoptiles, activity of the enzymes decreases and increases, respectively; however, it does not entail changes in auxin level. In drought-exposed germinating maize seeds, totally diminished activities of IAInos synthesis pathway enzymes resulted in almost twofold increase of free IAA content. Similar increase of auxin level was observed in radicles of drought-subjected seedlings together with lack of catalytic activity of the first enzyme of the pathway. Exogenous IAInos has no effect on the level of non-enzymatic antioxidant, ascorbate. It has also either no effect on the protein carbonylation and lipid peroxidation, or it affects it in a similar way as exogenously applied IAA and myo-inositol, which are products of IAInos hydrolysis. Thus, IAInos biosynthesis pathway acts in maize development and stress responses by regulation of free IAA concentration, as IAInos itself does not appear to have a distinct role in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciarkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
| | - Patrycja Wojtaczka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Jacek Kęsy
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
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Zhou W, Xin J, Tian R. Photosynthetic response, antioxidase activity, and cadmium uptake and translocation in Monochoria korsakowii with cadmium exposure. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2022; 86:2974-2986. [PMID: 36515200 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To identify the tolerance mechanisms of wetland plants exposed to heavy metal, a hydroponic experiment was used to investigate variations in photosynthetically physiological parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities in leaves of Monochoria korsakowii exposed to 0.05, 0.15, 0.30, and 0.45 mM Cd2+ for 7 d. The Cd2+ concentrations in the plant roots, stems, and leaves were also investigated. Cd2+ exposure significantly decreased the total chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, and stomatal conductance, while stomatal limitation value had the opposite trend (P < 0.05). During Cd2+ stress, ascorbate peroxidase activity significantly increased (P < 0.05). The translocation factor for Cd2+ was significantly lower than that of the control, and both were less than 1 (P < 0.05). Cd2+ stress damaged the photosynthetic apparatus in the leaves. During Cd2+ stress, M. korsakowii alleviated oxidative stress by increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as APX. Under 0.45 mM Cd2+ stress, increased heat dissipation was responsible for alleviating the photooxidative damage to photosynthetic organs in the leaves. Meanwhile, the majority of Cd2+ was immobilized in the roots, thus alleviating excessive Cd2+ phytotoxicity in the aboveground parts. Generally, M. korsakowii has potential application in the phytoremediation of low-cadmium-polluted water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- The authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Jianpan Xin
- The authors contributed equally to this work
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Liu YS, Tao Y, Yang XZ, Liu YN, Shen RF, Zhu XF. Gibberellic acid alleviates cadmium toxicity in rice by regulating NO accumulation and cell wall fixation capacity of cadmium. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 439:129597. [PMID: 35868086 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellic acid (GA) has been implicated in the response of plants to cadmium (Cd) stress, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, our aim was to confirm the role of GA in regulating the accumulation of Cd in rice. We found that Cd stress elevated the endogenous GA level in the rice roots. Exogenous GA application not only decreased the fixation of Cd in the root cell wall through reducing the hemicelluloses content, but also decreased the expression of OsNRAMP5 (Natural Resistance-Associated Macrophage Protein 5) and OsCd1 (a major facilitator superfamily gene). Both OsNRAMP5 and OsCd1 are related to Cd absorption, therefore, less Cd was accumulated in the roots. Furthermore, GA increased the expression of OsHMA3 (Heavy Metal ATPase 3) and OsCAL1 (Cadmium accumulation in Leaf 1), which are responsible for sequestering the Cd to the vacuoles and effluxing the Cd outside the cell, respectively, as a result, less Cd was accumulated in the shoots. In contrast, more Cd was accumulated in GA deficient lines. Furthermore, GA decreased the endogenous NO levels and the activity of antioxidant enzymes, while application of a NO scavenger-cPTIO diminished the alleviatory role of GA. In summary, the GA accelerated cell wall Cd exclusion mechanism probably improved rice tolerance to Cd toxicity via regulating the accumulation of NO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Ye Tao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiao Zheng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Ning Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ren Fang Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045, China
| | - Xiao Fang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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12
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Raza A, Salehi H, Rahman MA, Zahid Z, Madadkar Haghjou M, Najafi-Kakavand S, Charagh S, Osman HS, Albaqami M, Zhuang Y, Siddique KHM, Zhuang W. Plant hormones and neurotransmitter interactions mediate antioxidant defenses under induced oxidative stress in plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:961872. [PMID: 36176673 PMCID: PMC9514553 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.961872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Due to global climate change, abiotic stresses are affecting plant growth, productivity, and the quality of cultivated crops. Stressful conditions disrupt physiological activities and suppress defensive mechanisms, resulting in stress-sensitive plants. Consequently, plants implement various endogenous strategies, including plant hormone biosynthesis (e.g., abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, brassinosteroids, indole-3-acetic acid, cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellic acid, and strigolactones) to withstand stress conditions. Combined or single abiotic stress disrupts the normal transportation of solutes, causes electron leakage, and triggers reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, creating oxidative stress in plants. Several enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense systems marshal a plant's antioxidant defenses. While stress responses and the protective role of the antioxidant defense system have been well-documented in recent investigations, the interrelationships among plant hormones, plant neurotransmitters (NTs, such as serotonin, melatonin, dopamine, acetylcholine, and γ-aminobutyric acid), and antioxidant defenses are not well explained. Thus, this review discusses recent advances in plant hormones, transgenic and metabolic developments, and the potential interaction of plant hormones with NTs in plant stress response and tolerance mechanisms. Furthermore, we discuss current challenges and future directions (transgenic breeding and genome editing) for metabolic improvement in plants using modern molecular tools. The interaction of plant hormones and NTs involved in regulating antioxidant defense systems, molecular hormone networks, and abiotic-induced oxidative stress tolerance in plants are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Raza
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Hajar Salehi
- Laboratory of Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
| | - Md Atikur Rahman
- Grassland and Forage Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Zainab Zahid
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Maryam Madadkar Haghjou
- Department of Biology, Plant Physiology, Faculty of Science, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Shiva Najafi-Kakavand
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sidra Charagh
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hany S. Osman
- Department of Agricultural Botany, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Albaqami
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yuhui Zhuang
- College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | | | - Weijian Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Oil Crops Research Institute, Center of Legume Crop Genetics and Systems Biology/College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
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13
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Noor I, Sohail H, Sun J, Nawaz MA, Li G, Hasanuzzaman M, Liu J. Heavy metal and metalloid toxicity in horticultural plants: Tolerance mechanism and remediation strategies. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135196. [PMID: 35659937 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal/metalloids (HMs) are among the primary soil pollutants that limit crop production worldwide. Plants grown in HM contaminated soils exhibit reduced growth and development, resulting in a decrease in crop production. The exposure to HMs induces plant oxidative stress due to the formation of free radicals, which alter plant morphophysiological and biochemical mechanisms at cellular and tissue levels. When exposed to HM toxicity, plants evolve sophisticated physiological and cellular defense strategies, such as sequestration and transportation of metals, to ensure their survival. Plants also have developed efficient strategies by activating signaling pathways, which induce the expression of HM transporters. Plants either avoid the uptake of HMs from the soil or activate the detoxifying mechanism to tolerate HM stress, which involves the production of antioxidants (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) for the scavenging of reactive oxygen species. The metal-binding proteins including phytochelatins and metallothioneins also participate in metal detoxification. Furthermore, phytohormones and their signaling pathways also help to regulate cellular activities to counteract HM stress. The excessive levels of HMs in the soil can contribute to plant morpho-physiological, biochemical, and molecular alterations, which have a detrimental effect on the quality and productivity of crops. To maintain the commercial value of fruits and vegetables, various measures should be considered to remove HMs from the metal-polluted soils. Bioremediation is a promising approach that involves the use of tolerant microorganisms and plants to manage HMs pollution. The understanding of HM toxicity, signaling pathways, and tolerance mechanisms will facilitate the development of new crop varieties that help in improving phytoremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Noor
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Hamza Sohail
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Jingxian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Muhammad Azher Nawaz
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | - Guohuai Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China
| | - Mirza Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
| | - Junwei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology-Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, PR China.
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14
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Mnafgui W, Hajlaoui H, Rizzo V, Muratore G, Elleuch A. Priming with EDTA, IAA and Fe Alleviates Pb Toxicity in Trigonella Foneum graecum L. growth: Phytochemicals and secondary metabolites. J Biotechnol 2022; 356:42-50. [PMID: 35914618 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of the exogenous application of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and iron sulfate (FeSO4) upon the phytochemical mechanisms of fenugreek grown under Pb-excess (2000 mg L-1 PbCl2). The results showed that chemical additives of EDTA and IAA as well as FeSO4 improved fenugreek germination parameters. The radicle length and the amylase activity were significantly improved under IAA treatment compared to EDTA and FeSO4. Exogenous FeSO4 was more effective to improving growth parameters. Moreover, the decrease in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels was noted under all chemical additives especially under IAA application. In addition, it was more effective than EDTA and Fe in increasing catalase, glutathione (GSH), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), flavonoids and phenols while the increment superoxide dismutase (SOD) production was more pronounced under EDTA addition to Pb than other chelators. HPLC analysis revealed that the gallic was the major phenol produced under all chelators addition especially with IAA. In addition, the syringic acid was only produced with exogenous IAA while the quercetin was only detected under EDTA addition. Our results exhibited a higher IAA efficiency than EDTA and FeSO4 in mitigating Pb stress in fenugreek through up-regulated mechanisms of the antioxidant system for reducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) activities and enhancing special phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiem Mnafgui
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia; Regional Center for Agricultural Research in Sidi Bouzid. 9100, Tunisia. Laboratory of Non-Conventional Water Valuation (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Hichem Hajlaoui
- Regional Center for Agricultural Research in Sidi Bouzid. 9100, Tunisia. Laboratory of Non-Conventional Water Valuation (INRGREF), University of Carthage, Tunisia
| | - Valeria Rizzo
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Muratore
- Di3A, Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, University of Catania, via S. Sofia 100, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Amine Elleuch
- Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, Faculty of Sciences, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
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15
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Raja Gopalan NS, Sharma R, Mohapatra S. Probing into the unique relationship between a soil bacterium, Pseudomonas putida AKMP7 and Arabidopsis thaliana: A case of "conditional pathogenesis". PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 183:46-55. [PMID: 35567874 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial soil bacteria that colonise the rhizosphere and help plants in growth, development, and stress tolerance. While there is a significant body of research elucidating their benefits to plants, studies on the "abnormal" or "unexpected" behavior of these bacteria are almost non-existent. One such study from our laboratory has previously reported a unique situation in which a certain strain of drought and thermo-tolerant PGPR, namely, Pseudomonas putida AKMP7, becomes pathogenic towards Arabidopsis thaliana under drought conditions, but not under normal (well-watered) conditions. In this study, we have probed deeper into this phenomenon of "conditional pathogenesis". We found that, AKMP7 imparts an enhancement in plant growth under well-watered conditions, while, causing a deterioration in plant health under drought conditions. In an attempt to understand the underlying reasons for this phenomenon, we analysed the phytohormones released by Pseudomonas putida AKMP7 using LC-ESI-MS/MS technique. We identified that AKMP7 releases zeatin (a cytokinin), the auxin derivative -indole acetamide and amino acid-conjugates of auxin (indole-3-acetyl-L-alanine, indole-3-acetyl-L-phenylalanine and indole-3-acetyl-L-aspartate) in the growth medium. By treating the plants with commercially obtained forms of these phytohormones, individually or in combination with AKMP7, we identified that zeatin and auxin derivative indole acetamide can play a crucial role in the conditional pathogenesis exhibited by this bacterium on A. thaliana under drought conditions. Our work lays a foundation for further understanding the precise molecular mechanisms involved in this unique phenomenon of conditional/opportunistic pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Raja Gopalan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani), Hyderabad Campus, India
| | - Raunak Sharma
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani), Hyderabad Campus, India
| | - Sridev Mohapatra
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (Pilani), Hyderabad Campus, India.
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16
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Khanna K, Kohli SK, Ohri P, Bhardwaj R, Ahmad P. Agroecotoxicological Aspect of Cd in Soil–Plant System: Uptake, Translocation and Amelioration Strategies. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:30908-30934. [PMID: 0 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-18232-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
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17
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Zulfiqar U, Jiang W, Xiukang W, Hussain S, Ahmad M, Maqsood MF, Ali N, Ishfaq M, Kaleem M, Haider FU, Farooq N, Naveed M, Kucerik J, Brtnicky M, Mustafa A. Cadmium Phytotoxicity, Tolerance, and Advanced Remediation Approaches in Agricultural Soils; A Comprehensive Review. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:773815. [PMID: 35371142 PMCID: PMC8965506 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.773815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a major environmental contaminant due to its widespread industrial use. Cd contamination of soil and water is rather classical but has emerged as a recent problem. Cd toxicity causes a range of damages to plants ranging from germination to yield suppression. Plant physiological functions, i.e., water interactions, essential mineral uptake, and photosynthesis, are also harmed by Cd. Plants have also shown metabolic changes because of Cd exposure either as direct impact on enzymes or other metabolites, or because of its propensity to produce reactive oxygen species, which can induce oxidative stress. In recent years, there has been increased interest in the potential of plants with ability to accumulate or stabilize Cd compounds for bioremediation of Cd pollution. Here, we critically review the chemistry of Cd and its dynamics in soil and the rhizosphere, toxic effects on plant growth, and yield formation. To conserve the environment and resources, chemical/biological remediation processes for Cd and their efficacy have been summarized in this review. Modulation of plant growth regulators such as cytokinins, ethylene, gibberellins, auxins, abscisic acid, polyamines, jasmonic acid, brassinosteroids, and nitric oxide has been highlighted. Development of plant genotypes with restricted Cd uptake and reduced accumulation in edible portions by conventional and marker-assisted breeding are also presented. In this regard, use of molecular techniques including identification of QTLs, CRISPR/Cas9, and functional genomics to enhance the adverse impacts of Cd in plants may be quite helpful. The review's results should aid in the development of novel and suitable solutions for limiting Cd bioavailability and toxicity, as well as the long-term management of Cd-polluted soils, therefore reducing environmental and human health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Zulfiqar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Wenting Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Wang Xiukang
- College of Life Sciences, Yan’an University, Yan’an, China
| | - Saddam Hussain
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ahmad
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Nauman Ali
- Agronomic Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- Department of Agronomy, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kaleem
- Department of Botany, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Fasih Ullah Haider
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Naila Farooq
- Department of Soil and Environmental Science, College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Science, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Jiri Kucerik
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
| | - Adnan Mustafa
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Brno, Czechia
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Brno, Czechia
- Institute for Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czechia
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18
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Wojtaczka P, Ciarkowska A, Starzynska E, Ostrowski M. The GH3 amidosynthetases family and their role in metabolic crosstalk modulation of plant signaling compounds. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2022; 194:113039. [PMID: 34861536 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) genes encoding proteins belonging to the ANL superfamily are widespread in the plant kingdom. The ANL superfamily consists of three groups of adenylating enzymes: aryl- and acyl-CoA synthetases, firefly luciferase, and amino acid-activating adenylation domains of the nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPS). GH3s are cytosolic, acidic amidosynthetases of the firefly luciferase group that conjugate auxins, jasmonates, and benzoate derivatives to a wide group of amino acids. In contrast to auxins, which amide conjugates mainly serve as a storage pool of inactive phytohormone or are involved in the hormone degradation process, conjugation of jasmonic acid (JA) results in biologically active phytohormone jasmonyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile). Moreover, GH3s modulate salicylic acid (SA) concentration by conjugation of its precursor, isochorismate. GH3s, as regulators of the phytohormone level, are crucial for normal plant development as well as plant defense response to different abiotic and biotic stress factors. Surprisingly, recent studies indicate that FIN219/JAR1/GH3.11, one of the GH3 proteins, may act not only as an enzyme but is also able to interact with tau-class glutathione S-transferase (GSTU) and constitutive photomorphogenic 1 (COP1) proteins and regulate light and stress signaling pathways. The aim of this work is to summarize our current knowledge of the GH3 family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Wojtaczka
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Anna Ciarkowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Ewelina Starzynska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland
| | - Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, Lwowska 1, 87-100, Torun, Poland.
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19
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Guo Z, Zeng P, Xiao X, Peng C. Physiological, anatomical, and transcriptional responses of mulberry (Morus alba L.) to Cd stress in contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 284:117387. [PMID: 34049160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mulberry has been widely studied for its capacity to tolerate heavy metals. However, the anatomical and molecular response mechanisms of Cd detoxification and transportation in mulberry have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the anatomical characteristics, Cd and mineral element uptake and transport, and transcriptome profiling of mulberry were studied under Cd stress. The results showed that mulberry possessed strong detoxification and self-protection abilities against Cd stress. The growth and photosynthetic pigment contents of mulberry were only slightly affected when the soil Cd content was less than 37.0 mg/kg, while the Ca and Mg contents in the mulberry roots were clearly (p < 0.05) increased by 37.85%-40.87% and 36.63%-53.06% in 37.0-55.4 mg/kg Cd-contaminated soil. Meanwhile, the relationships between antioxidant enzyme activities, such as peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and Cd content in plants were positive. Furthermore, the structures of leaf cells, root and stem tissues were largely intact; simultaneously, the increase in osmiophilic particles and the dissolution of starch granules in mulberry leaves significantly responded to Cd stress. Clusters of Orthologous Groups of proteins (COG) and Gene Ontology (GO) classification analysis indicated that mulberry can enhance the catalytic activity, regulate the transport and metabolism of inorganic ions, and strengthen its antioxidant enzyme activity and defense mechanism to decrease Cd intoxication. Large numbers of differentially expressed genes associated with cell wall biosynthesis, antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione metabolism, chelation, plant hormone signal transduction, and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway were upregulated under Cd stress. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis indicated that plant hormone signal transduction was significantly (p < 0.05) enriched in roots, stems, and leaves of mulberry, and abscisic acid and ethylene can mediate MAPK signaling pathways to increase plant tolerance to Cd stress. The results suggested that the physiological, cellular and tissue, and transcriptional regulation of mulberry can facilitate its stress adaptation in Cd-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaohui Guo
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China.
| | - Peng Zeng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Xiyuan Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
| | - Chi Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, School of Metallurgy and Environment, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China
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20
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Wang Q, Lu X, Chen X, Zhao L, Han M, Wang S, Zhang Y, Fan Y, Ye W. Genome-wide identification and function analysis of HMAD gene family in cotton (Gossypium spp.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:386. [PMID: 34416873 PMCID: PMC8377987 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The abiotic stress such as soil salinization and heavy metal toxicity has posed a major threat to sustainable crop production worldwide. Previous studies revealed that halophytes were supposed to tolerate other stress including heavy metal toxicity. Though HMAD (heavy-metal-associated domain) was reported to play various important functions in Arabidopsis, little is known in Gossypium. RESULTS A total of 169 G. hirsutum genes were identified belonging to the HMAD gene family with the number of amino acids ranged from 56 to 1011. Additionally, 84, 76 and 159 HMAD genes were identified in each G. arboreum, G. raimondii and G. barbadense, respectively. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the HMAD gene family were divided into five classes, and 87 orthologs of HMAD genes were identified in four Gossypium species, such as genes Gh_D08G1950 and Gh_A08G2387 of G. hirsutum are orthologs of the Gorai.004G210800.1 and Cotton_A_25987 gene in G. raimondii and G. arboreum, respectively. In addition, 15 genes were lost during evolution. Furthermore, conserved sequence analysis found the conserved catalytic center containing an anion binding (CXXC) box. The HMAD gene family showed a differential expression levels among different tissues and developmental stages in G. hirsutum with the different cis-elements for abiotic stress. CONCLUSIONS Current study provided important information about HMAD family genes under salt-stress in Gossypium genome, which would be useful to understand its putative functions in different species of cotton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinqin Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Xuke Lu
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Xiugui Chen
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Lanjie Zhao
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Mingge Han
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Shuai Wang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Yuexin Zhang
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Yapeng Fan
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
| | - Wuwei Ye
- Institute of Cotton Research of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Research Base, Zhengzhou University, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology / Key Laboratory for Cotton Genetic Improvement, MOA, Anyang, Henan 455000 China
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El-Badri AM, Batool M, A. A. Mohamed I, Wang Z, Khatab A, Sherif A, Ahmad H, Khan MN, Hassan HM, Elrewainy IM, Kuai J, Zhou G, Wang B. Antioxidative and Metabolic Contribution to Salinity Stress Responses in Two Rapeseed Cultivars during the Early Seedling Stage. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10081227. [PMID: 34439475 PMCID: PMC8389040 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Measuring metabolite patterns and antioxidant ability is vital to understanding the physiological and molecular responses of plants under salinity. A morphological analysis of five rapeseed cultivars showed that Yangyou 9 and Zhongshuang 11 were the most salt-tolerant and -sensitive, respectively. In Yangyou 9, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and malondialdehyde (MDA) content were minimized by the activation of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) for scavenging of over-accumulated ROS under salinity stress. Furthermore, Yangyou 9 showed a significantly higher positive correlation with photosynthetic pigments, osmolyte accumulation, and an adjusted Na+/K+ ratio to improve salt tolerance compared to Zhongshuang 11. Out of 332 compounds identified in the metabolic profile, 225 metabolites were filtrated according to p < 0.05, and 47 metabolites responded to salt stress within tolerant and sensitive cultivars during the studied time, whereas 16 and 9 metabolic compounds accumulated during 12 and 24 h, respectively, in Yangyou 9 after being sown in salt treatment, including fatty acids, amino acids, and flavonoids. These metabolites are relevant to metabolic pathways (amino acid, sucrose, flavonoid metabolism, and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), which accumulated as a response to salinity stress. Thus, Yangyou 9, as a tolerant cultivar, showed improved antioxidant enzyme activity and higher metabolite accumulation, which enhances its tolerance against salinity. This work aids in elucidating the essential cellular metabolic changes in response to salt stress in rapeseed cultivars during seed germination. Meanwhile, the identified metabolites can act as biomarkers to characterize plant performance in breeding programs under salt stress. This comprehensive study of the metabolomics and antioxidant activities of Brassica napus L. during the early seedling stage is of great reference value for plant breeders to develop salt-tolerant rapeseed cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoud El-Badri
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Maria Batool
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, Fayoum 63514, Egypt
| | - Zongkai Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Ahmed Khatab
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Ahmed Sherif
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Hasan Ahmad
- National Gene Bank, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt;
| | - Mohammad Nauman Khan
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Hamada Mohamed Hassan
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Ibrahim M. Elrewainy
- Field Crops Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza 12619, Egypt; (H.M.H.); (I.M.E.)
| | - Jie Kuai
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Guangsheng Zhou
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
| | - Bo Wang
- MOA Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (A.M.E.-B.); (M.B.); (I.A.A.M.); (Z.W.); (A.K.); (A.S.); (M.N.K.); (J.K.); (G.Z.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+86-027-8728-2130 or +86-137-0719-2880
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Koochak H, Ludwig-Müller J. Physcomitrium patens Mutants in Auxin Conjugating GH3 Proteins Show Salt Stress Tolerance but Auxin Homeostasis Is Not Involved in Regulation of Oxidative Stress Factors. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10071398. [PMID: 34371602 PMCID: PMC8309278 DOI: 10.3390/plants10071398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Salt stress is among the most challenging abiotic stress situations that a plant can experience. High salt levels do not only occur in areas with obvious salty water, but also during drought periods where salt accumulates in the soil. The moss Physcomitrium patens became a model for studying abiotic stress in non-vascular plants. Here, we show that high salt concentrations can be tolerated in vitro, and that auxin homeostasis is connected to the performance of P. patens under these stress conditions. The auxin levels can be regulated by conjugating IAA to amino acids by two members of the family of GH3 protein auxin amino acid-synthetases that are present in P. patens. Double GH3 gene knock-out mutants were more tolerant to high salt concentrations. Furthermore, free IAA levels were differentially altered during the time points investigated. Since, among the mutant lines, an increase in IAA on at least one NaCl concentration tested was observed, we treated wild type (WT) plants concomitantly with NaCl and IAA. This experiment showed that the salt tolerance to 100 mM NaCl together with 1 and 10 µM IAA was enhanced during the earlier time points. This is an additional indication that the high IAA levels in the double GH3-KO lines could be responsible for survival in high salt conditions. While the high salt concentrations induced several selected stress metabolites including phenols, flavonoids, and enzymes such as peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, the GH3-KO genotype did not generally participate in this upregulation. While we showed that the GH3 double KO mutants were more tolerant of high (250 mM) NaCl concentrations, the altered auxin homeostasis was not directly involved in the upregulation of stress metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haniyeh Koochak
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-5910, USA
| | - Jutta Ludwig-Müller
- Institut für Botanik, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Han M, Zhang C, Suglo P, Sun S, Wang M, Su T. l-Aspartate: An Essential Metabolite for Plant Growth and Stress Acclimation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26071887. [PMID: 33810495 PMCID: PMC8037285 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26071887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
L-aspartate (Asp) serves as a central building block, in addition to being a constituent of proteins, for many metabolic processes in most organisms, such as biosynthesis of other amino acids, nucleotides, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle and glycolysis pathway intermediates, and hormones, which are vital for growth and defense. In animals and humans, lines of data have proved that Asp is indispensable for cell proliferation. However, in plants, despite the extensive study of the Asp family amino acid pathway, little attention has been paid to the function of Asp through the other numerous pathways. This review aims to elucidate the most important aspects of Asp in plants, from biosynthesis to catabolism and the role of Asp and its metabolic derivatives in response to changing environmental conditions. It considers the distribution of Asp in various cell compartments and the change of Asp level, and its significance in the whole plant under various stresses. Moreover, it provides evidence of the interconnection between Asp and phytohormones, which have prominent functions in plant growth, development, and defense. The updated information will help improve our understanding of the physiological role of Asp and Asp-borne metabolic fluxes, supporting the modular operation of these networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Han
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Can Zhang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Peter Suglo
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Shuyue Sun
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Mingyao Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Tao Su
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China; (M.H.); (C.Z.); (P.S.); (S.S.); (M.W.)
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Subtropical Forest Biodiversity Conservation, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
- Correspondence:
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Wang G, Li M, Zhang C, Cheng H, Gao Y, Deng W, Li T. Transcriptome and proteome analyses reveal the regulatory networks and metabolite biosynthesis pathways during the development of Tolypocladium guangdongense. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2081-2094. [PMID: 32802280 PMCID: PMC7419252 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tolypocladium guangdongense has a similar metabolite profile to Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a highly regarded fungus used for traditional Chinese medicine with high nutritional and medicinal value. Although the genome sequence of T. guangdongense has been reported, relatively little is known about the regulatory networks for fruiting body development and about the metabolite biosynthesis pathways. In order to address this, an analysis of transcriptome and proteome at differential developmental stages of T. guangdongense was performed. In total, 9076 genes were found to be expressed and 2040 proteins were identified. There were a large number of genes that were significantly differentially expressed between the mycelial stage and the stages. Interestingly, the correlation between the transcriptomic and proteomic data was low, suggesting the importance of the post-transcriptional processes in the growth and development of T. guangdongense. Among the genes/proteins that were both differentially expressed during the developmental process, there were numerous heat shock proteins and transcription factors. In addition, there were numerous proteins involved in terpenoid, ergosterol, adenosine and polysaccharide biosynthesis that also showed significant downregulation in their expression levels during the developmental process. Furthermore, both tryptophan and tryptamine were present at higher levels in the primordium stage. However, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels continuously decreased as development proceeded, and the enzymes involved in IAA biosynthesis were also clearly differentially downregulated. These data could be meaningful in studying the molecular mechanisms of fungal development, and for the industrial and medicinal application of macro-fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gangzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Min Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.,College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Tibet University, Nyingchi, 860000 Tibet, China
| | - Chenghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Huijiao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.,South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Yu Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China.,College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Wangqiu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
| | - Taihui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Culture Collection and Application, Guangdong Open Laboratory of Applied Microbiology, Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510070, China
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25
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Identification and expression analysis of auxin-responsive GH3 family genes in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) during grafting. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:4495-4506. [PMID: 32444977 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05529-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The GH3 genes play vital roles in auxin homeostasis by conjugating excess auxin to amino acids. However, how GH3 genes function during grafting in Chinese hickory (Carya cathayensis) is largely unknown. Here, based on the transcriptome database, a comprehensive identification and expression profiling analysis of 12 GH3 genes in Chinese hickory were performed. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that CcGH3-x exists in a specific subfamily. To understand the roles of CcGH3 genes, tissue-specific expression and the response to different phytohormones were determined. Expression profiles of GH3 genes of Chinese hickory during grafting were analysed. The data suggested that 10 CcGH3 genes were down-regulated at an early stage of grafting, indicating that auxin homeostasis regulated by the CcGH3 family might be inhibited at initial stages. At the completion of grafting, expression levels of members of the CcGH3 family were restored to normal levels. Endogenous auxin levels were also measured, and the data showed that free auxin decreased to the lowest level at an early stage of grafting, and then increased during grafting. Auxin amino acid conjugation increased at an early stage of grafting in rootstock, and then decreased with progression of the graft union. Our results demonstrate that the reduced expression of CcGH3 family genes during grafting might contribute to the release of free auxin, making an important contribution to the recovery of auxin levels after grafting.
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Fukushima A, Kuroha T, Nagai K, Hattori Y, Kobayashi M, Nishizawa T, Kojima M, Utsumi Y, Oikawa A, Seki M, Sakakibara H, Saito K, Ashikari M, Kusano M. Metabolite and Phytohormone Profiling Illustrates Metabolic Reprogramming as an Escape Strategy of Deepwater Rice during Partially Submerged Stress. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10020068. [PMID: 32075002 PMCID: PMC7074043 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10020068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Rice varieties that can survive under submergence conditions respond to flooding either by enhancing internode elongation or by quiescence of shoot elongation. Despite extensive efforts to identify key metabolites triggered by complete submergence of rice possessing SUBMERGENCE 1 (SUB1) locus, metabolic responses of internode elongation of deepwater rice governed by the SNORKEL 1 and 2 genes remain elusive. This study investigated specific metabolomic responses under partial submergence (PS) to deepwater- (C9285) and non-deepwater rice cultivars (Taichung 65 (T65)). In addition, we examined the response in a near-isogenic line (NIL-12) that has a C9285 genomic fragment on chromosome 12 introgressed into the genetic background of T65. Under short-term submergence (0-24 h), metabolite profiles of C9285, NIL-12, and T65 were compared to extract significantly changed metabolites in deepwater rice under PS conditions. Comprehensive metabolite and phytohormone profiling revealed increases in metabolite levels in the glycolysis pathway in NIL-12 plants. Under long-term submergence (0-288 h), we found decreased amino acid levels. These metabolomic changes were opposite when compared to those in flood-tolerant rice with SUB1 locus. Auxin conjugate levels related to stress response decreased in NIL-12 lines relative to T65. Our analysis helped clarify the complex metabolic reprogramming in deepwater rice as an escape strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Fukushima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Takeshi Kuroha
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (Y.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Keisuke Nagai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (Y.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Yoko Hattori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (Y.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Makoto Kobayashi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Tomoko Nishizawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Mikiko Kojima
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Yoshinori Utsumi
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Akira Oikawa
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Faculty of Agriculture, Yamagata University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-8555, Japan
| | - Motoaki Seki
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
| | - Hitoshi Sakakibara
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
| | - Kazuki Saito
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chuo-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Ashikari
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan; (T.K.); (K.N.); (Y.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Miyako Kusano
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan; (A.F.); (M.K.); (T.N.); (M.K.); (Y.U.); (A.O.); (M.S.); (H.S.); (K.S.)
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Tsukuba Plant Innovation Research Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
- Correspondence:
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Tanveer M, Shabala S. Neurotransmitters in Signalling and Adaptation to Salinity Stress in Plants. NEUROTRANSMITTERS IN PLANT SIGNALING AND COMMUNICATION 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54478-2_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Zhao C, Zhang L, Zhang X, Xu Y, Wei Z, Sun B, Liang M, Li H, Hu F, Xu L. Regulation of endogenous phytohormones alters the fluoranthene content in Arabidopsis thaliana. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:935-943. [PMID: 31726575 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormones are crucial endogenous modulators that regulate and integrate plant growth and responses to various environmental pollutants, including the uptake of pollutants into the plant. However, possible links between endogenous phytohormone pathways and pollutant accumulation are unclear. Here we describe the fluoranthene uptake, plant growth, and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities in relation to different endogenous phytohormones and different levels in Arabidopsis thaliana. Three phytohormone inhibitors-N-1-naphthyl-phthalamic acid (NPA), daminozide (DZ), and silver nitrate (SN)-were used to regulate endogenous auxin, gibberellin, and ethylene levels, respectively. Fluoranthene inhibited plant growth and root proliferation while increasing GST and SOD activity. The three inhibitors reduced fluoranthene levels in Arabidopsis by either affecting plant growth or modulating antioxidant enzyme activity. NPA reduced plant growth and increased CAT activity. SN promoted plant growth and increased POD and CAT activity, whereas DZ increased POD activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyu Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Lihao Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanzhou Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhimin Wei
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Sun
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Mingxiang Liang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Huixin Li
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Hu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Xu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing 210014, People's Republic of China.
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Pavlović I, Pěnčík A, Novák O, Vujčić V, Radić Brkanac S, Lepeduš H, Strnad M, Salopek-Sondi B. Short-term salt stress in Brassica rapa seedlings causes alterations in auxin metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2018; 125:74-84. [PMID: 29427890 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2018.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Salinity is one of major abiotic stresses affecting Brassica crop production. Here we present investigations into the physiological, biochemical, and hormonal components of the short-term salinity stress response in Chinese cabbage seedlings, with particular emphasis on the biosynthesis and metabolism of auxin indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Upon salinity treatments (50-200 mM NaCl) IAA level was elevated in a dose dependent manner reaching 1.6-fold increase at the most severe salt treatment in comparison to the control. IAA precursor profiling suggested that salinity activated the indole-3-acetamide and indole-3-acetaldoxime biosynthetic pathways while suppressing the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway. Levels of the IAA catabolites 2-oxoindole-3-acetic acid and indole-3-acetic acid-aspartate increased 1.7- and 2.0-fold, respectively, under the most severe treatment, in parallel with those of IAA. Conversely, levels of the ester conjugate indole-3-acetyl-1-O-ß-d-glucose and its catabolite 2-oxoindole-3-acetyl-1-O-ß-d-glucose decreased 2.5- and 7.0-fold, respectively. The concentrations of stress hormones including jasmonic acid and jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA and JA-Ile), salicylic acid (SA) and abscisic acid (ABA) confirmed the stress induced by salt treatment: levels of JA and JA-Ile increased strongly under the mildest treatment, ABA only increased under the most severe treatment, and SA levels decreased dose-dependently. These hormonal changes were related to the observed changes in biochemical stress markers upon salt treatments: reductions in seedling fresh weight and root growth, decreased photosynthesis rate, increased levels of reactive oxygen species, and elevated proline content and the Na+/K+ ratio. Correlations among auxin profile and biochemical stress markers were discussed based on Pearson's coefficients and principal component analysis (PCA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Pavlović
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Aleš Pěnčík
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ondřej Novák
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Valerija Vujčić
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sandra Radić Brkanac
- Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Rooseveltov trg 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Hrvoje Lepeduš
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, HR-31000 Osijek, Croatia
| | - Miroslav Strnad
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research, Institute of Experimental Botany AS CR & Faculty of Science of Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, CZ-78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Branka Salopek-Sondi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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Kolachevskaya OO, Sergeeva LI, Getman IA, Lomin SN, Savelieva EM, Romanov GA. Core features of the hormonal status in in vitro grown potato plants. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1467697. [PMID: 29944434 PMCID: PMC6103274 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2018.1467697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Some time ago, potato transformants expressing Agrobacterium-derived auxin synthesis gene tms1 were generated. These tms1-transgenic plants, showing enhanced productivity, were studied for their hormonal status, turnover and responses in comparison with control plants. For this purpose, contents of phytohormones belonging to six different classes (auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, abscisic, jasmonic and salicylic acids) were determined by a sensitive UPLC-MS/MS method in tubers and shoots of in vitro grown plants. To date, this study represents the most comprehensive analysis of the potato hormonal system. On the basis of obtained results, several new generalizations concerning potato hormonal status were drawn. Overall, these data can serve as a framework for forthcoming integrative studies of the hormonal system in potato plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- O. O. Kolachevskaya
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - L. I. Sergeeva
- Laboratory of Plant Physiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - I. A. Getman
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - S. N. Lomin
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - E. M. Savelieva
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
| | - G. A. Romanov
- Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, Moscow, Russia
- CONTACT Georgy A. Romanov ; Laboratory of Signaling Systems, Institute of Plant Physiology RAS, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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31
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Torres CA, Sepúlveda G, Kahlaoui B. Phytohormone Interaction Modulating Fruit Responses to Photooxidative and Heat Stress on Apple ( Malus domestica Borkh.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:2129. [PMID: 29491868 PMCID: PMC5824616 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/30/2017] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Sun-related physiological disorders such as sun damage on apples (Malus domestica Borkh) are caused by cumulative photooxidative and heat stress during their growing season triggering morphological, physiological, and biochemical changes in fruit tissues not only while it is on the tree but also after it has been harvested. The objective of the work was to establish the interaction of auxin (indole-3-acetic acid; IAA), abscisic acid (ABA), jasmonic acid (JA), salicylic acid (SA), and ethylene (ET) and its precursor ACC (free and conjugated, MACC) during development of sun-injury-related disorders pre- and post-harvest on apples. Peel tissue was extracted from fruit growing under different sun exposures (Non-exposed, NE; Exposed, EX) and with sun injury symptoms (Moderate, Mod). Sampling was carried out every 15 days from 75 days after full bloom (DAFB) until 120 days post-harvest in cold storage (1°C, > 90%RH). Concentrations of IAA, ABA, JA, SA, were determined using UHPLC mass spectrometry, and ET and ACC (free and conjugated MACC) using gas chromatography. IAA was found not to be related directly to sun injury development, but it decreased 60% in sun exposed tissue, and during fruit development. ABA, JA, SA, and ethylene concentrations were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) in Mod tissue, but their concentration, except for ethylene, were not affected by sun exposure. ACC and MACC concentrations increased until 105 DAFB in all sun exposure categories. During post-harvest, ethylene climacteric peak was delayed on EX compared to Mod. ABA and SA concentrations remained stable throughout storage in both tissue. JA dramatically increased post-harvest in both EX and Mod tissue, and orchards, confirming its role in low temperature tolerance. The results suggest that ABA, JA, and SA together with ethylene are modulating some of the abiotic stress defense responses on sun-exposed fruit during photooxidative and heat stress on the tree.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina A. Torres
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Centro de Pomaceas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Gloria Sepúlveda
- Centro de Pomaceas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
| | - Besma Kahlaoui
- Centro de Pomaceas, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
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Bielach A, Hrtyan M, Tognetti VB. Plants under Stress: Involvement of Auxin and Cytokinin. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1427. [PMID: 28677656 PMCID: PMC5535918 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18071427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant growth and development are critically influenced by unpredictable abiotic factors. To survive fluctuating changes in their environments, plants have had to develop robust adaptive mechanisms. The dynamic and complementary actions of the auxin and cytokinin pathways regulate a plethora of developmental processes, and their ability to crosstalk makes them ideal candidates for mediating stress-adaptation responses. Other crucial signaling molecules responsible for the tremendous plasticity observed in plant morphology and in response to abiotic stress are reactive oxygen species (ROS). Proper temporal and spatial distribution of ROS and hormone gradients is crucial for plant survival in response to unfavorable environments. In this regard, the convergence of ROS with phytohormone pathways acts as an integrator of external and developmental signals into systemic responses organized to adapt plants to their environments. Auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways have been studied extensively. Nevertheless, we do not yet understand the impact on plant stress tolerance of the sophisticated crosstalk between the two hormones. Here, we review current knowledge on the function of auxin and cytokinin in redirecting growth induced by abiotic stress in order to deduce their potential points of crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Bielach
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Monika Hrtyan
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Vanesa B Tognetti
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, Czech 62500, Brno, Czech Republic.
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34
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Bücker-Neto L, Paiva ALS, Machado RD, Arenhart RA, Margis-Pinheiro M. Interactions between plant hormones and heavy metals responses. Genet Mol Biol 2017; 40:373-386. [PMID: 28399194 PMCID: PMC5452142 DOI: 10.1590/1678-4685-gmb-2016-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are natural non-biodegradable constituents of the Earth's crust that accumulate and persist indefinitely in the ecosystem as a result of human activities. Since the industrial revolution, the concentration of cadmium, arsenic, lead, mercury and zinc, amongst others, have increasingly contaminated soil and water resources, leading to significant yield losses in plants. These issues have become an important concern of scientific interest. Understanding the molecular and physiological responses of plants to heavy metal stress is critical in order to maximize their productivity. Recent research has extended our view of how plant hormones can regulate and integrate growth responses to various environmental cues in order to sustain life. In the present review we discuss current knowledge about the role of the plant growth hormones abscisic acid, auxin, brassinosteroid and ethylene in signaling pathways, defense mechanisms and alleviation of heavy metal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauro Bücker-Neto
- Departamento de Biologia, Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste (UNICENTRO), Guarapuava, PR, Brazil
| | - Ana Luiza Sobral Paiva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ronei Dorneles Machado
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Augusto Arenhart
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Uva e Vinho, Bento Gonçalves, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia Margis-Pinheiro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Genética e Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Ostrowski M, Mierek-Adamska A, Porowińska D, Goc A, Jakubowska A. Cloning and biochemical characterization of indole-3-acetic acid-amino acid synthetase PsGH3 from pea. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 107:9-20. [PMID: 27235647 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Phytohormone conjugation is one of the mechanisms that maintains a proper hormonal homeostasis and that is necessary for the realization of physiological responses. Gretchen Hagen 3 (GH3) acyl acid amido synthetases convert indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to IAA-amino acid conjugates by ATP-dependent reactions. IAA-aspartate (IAA-Asp) exists as a predominant amide conjugate of auxin in pea tissues and acts as an intermediate during IAA catabolism. Here we report a novel recombinant indole-3-acetic acid-amido synthetase in Pisum sativum. In silico analysis shows that amino acid sequence of PsGH3 has the highest homology to Medicago truncatula GH3.3. The recombinant His-tag-PsGH3 fusion protein has been obtained in E. coli cells and is a soluble monomeric polypeptide with molecular mass of 69.18 kDa. The PsGH3 was purified using Ni(2+)-affinity chromatography and native PAGE. Kinetic analysis indicates that the enzyme strongly prefers IAA and L-aspartate as substrates for conjugation revealing Km(ATP) = 0.49 mM, Km(L-Asp) = 2.2 mM, and Km(IAA) = 0.28 mM. Diadenosine pentaphosphate (Ap5A) competes with ATP for catalytic site and diminishes the PsGH3 affinity toward ATP approximately 1.11-fold indicating Ki = 8.5 μM. L-Tryptophan acts as an inhibitor of IAA-amido synthesizing activity by competition with L-aspartate. Inorganic pyrophosphatase (PPase) hydrolyzing pyrophosphate to two phosphate ions, potentiates IAA-Asp synthetase activity of PsGH3. Our results demonstrate that PsGH3 is a novel enzyme that is involved in auxin metabolism in pea seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Ostrowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Lwowska 1, Poland.
| | | | - Dorota Porowińska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Lwowska 1, Poland
| | - Anna Goc
- Department of Genetics, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Lwowska 1, Poland
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Biochemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Torun, Lwowska 1, Poland
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Yue R, Lu C, Qi J, Han X, Yan S, Guo S, Liu L, Fu X, Chen N, Yin H, Chi H, Tie S. Transcriptome Analysis of Cadmium-Treated Roots in Maize (Zea mays L.). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1298. [PMID: 27630647 PMCID: PMC5006096 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal and is highly toxic to all plant species. However, the underlying molecular mechanism controlling the effects of auxin on the Cd stress response in maize is largely unknown. In this study, the transcriptome produced by maize 'Zheng 58' root responses to Cd stress was sequenced using Illumina sequencing technology. In our study, six RNA-seq libraries yielded a total of 244 million clean short reads and 30.37 Gb of sequence data. A total of 6342 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were grouped into 908 Gene Ontology (GO) categories and 198 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes terms. GO term enrichment analysis indicated that various auxin signaling pathway-related GO terms were significantly enriched in DEGs. Comparison of the transcript abundances for auxin biosynthesis, transport, and downstream response genes revealed a universal expression response under Cd treatment. Furthermore, our data showed that free indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) levels were significantly reduced; but IAA oxidase activity was up-regulated after Cd treatment in maize roots. The analysis of Cd activity in maize roots under different Cd and auxin conditions confirmed that auxin affected Cd accumulation in maize seedlings. These results will improve our understanding of the complex molecular mechanisms underlying the response to Cd stress in maize roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runqing Yue
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Caixia Lu
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Jianshuang Qi
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaohua Han
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Shufeng Yan
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Shulei Guo
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Fu
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Nana Chen
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Haiyan Yin
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Haifeng Chi
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
| | - Shuanggui Tie
- Food Crops Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural SciencesZhengzhou, China
- The Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Maize BiologyZhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Shuanggui Tie,
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