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Hou R, Zhu B, Wang L, Gao S, Wang R, Hou D. Mechanism of clay mineral modified biochar simultaneously immobilizes heavy metals and reduces soil carbon emissions. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 361:121252. [PMID: 38820793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in farmland soil has become increasingly severe, and multi-element composite pollution has brought enormous harm to human production and life. Environmental changes in cold regions (such as freeze-thaw cycles and dry-wet alternations) may increase the potential physiological toxicity of heavy metals and exacerbate pollution risks. In order to reveal the effectiveness of sepiolite modified biochar in the remediation of the soil contaminated with lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr), the rice husk biochar pyrolyzed at 500 and 800 °C were selected for remediation treatment (denoted as BC500 and BC800). Meanwhile, different proportions of sepiolite were used for modification (biochar: sepiolite = 1: 0.5 and 1: 1), denoted as MBC500/MBC800 and HBC500/HBC800, respectively. The results showed that modified biochar with sepiolite can effectively improve the immobilization of heavy metals. Under natural conservation condition, the amount of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Pb in BC500, MBC500, and HBC500 decreased by 5.95, 12.39, and 13.55%, respectively, compared to CK. Freeze-thaw cycles and dry-wet alternations activated soil heavy metals, while modified biochar increased adsorption sites and oxygen-containing functional groups under aging conditions, inhibiting the fractions transformation of heavy metals. Furthermore, freeze-thaw cycles promoted the decomposition and mineralization of soil organic carbon (SOC), while sepiolite hindered the release of active carbon through ion exchange and adsorption complexation. Among them, and the soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content in HBC800 decreased by 49.39% compared to BC800. Additionally, the high-temperature pyrolyzed biochar (BC800) enhanced the porosity richness and alkalinity of material, which effectively inhibited the migration and transformation of heavy metals compared to BC500, and reduced the decomposition of soil DOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renjie Hou
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
| | - Bingyu Zhu
- School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Liuwei Wang
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Shijun Gao
- Heilongjiang Water Conservancy Research Institute, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150080, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Heilongjiang Province Five Building Construction Engineering Co., LTD, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150090, China
| | - Deyi Hou
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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2
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Zhang-Zheng H, Adu-Bredu S, Duah-Gyamfi A, Moore S, Addo-Danso SD, Amissah L, Valentini R, Djagbletey G, Anim-Adjei K, Quansah J, Sarpong B, Owusu-Afriyie K, Gvozdevaite A, Tang M, Ruiz-Jaen MC, Ibrahim F, Girardin CAJ, Rifai S, Dahlsjö CAL, Riutta T, Deng X, Sun Y, Prentice IC, Oliveras Menor I, Malhi Y. Contrasting carbon cycle along tropical forest aridity gradients in West Africa and Amazonia. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3158. [PMID: 38605006 PMCID: PMC11009382 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47202-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Tropical forests cover large areas of equatorial Africa and play a substantial role in the global carbon cycle. However, there has been a lack of biometric measurements to understand the forests' gross and net primary productivity (GPP, NPP) and their allocation. Here we present a detailed field assessment of the carbon budget of multiple forest sites in Africa, by monitoring 14 one-hectare plots along an aridity gradient in Ghana, West Africa. When compared with an equivalent aridity gradient in Amazonia, the studied West African forests generally had higher productivity and lower carbon use efficiency (CUE). The West African aridity gradient consistently shows the highest NPP, CUE, GPP, and autotrophic respiration at a medium-aridity site, Bobiri. Notably, NPP and GPP of the site are the highest yet reported anywhere for intact forests. Widely used data products substantially underestimate productivity when compared to biometric measurements in Amazonia and Africa. Our analysis suggests that the high productivity of the African forests is linked to their large GPP allocation to canopy and semi-deciduous characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanyuan Zhang-Zheng
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
| | - Stephen Adu-Bredu
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Natural Resources Management, CSIR College of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Akwasi Duah-Gyamfi
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Sam Moore
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shalom D Addo-Danso
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lucy Amissah
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | | | - Gloria Djagbletey
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kelvin Anim-Adjei
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - John Quansah
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Bernice Sarpong
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Kennedy Owusu-Afriyie
- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Agne Gvozdevaite
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Minxue Tang
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, United Kingdom
| | - Maria C Ruiz-Jaen
- Forestry Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Panama City, Panama
| | - Forzia Ibrahim
- Department of Forest Ecology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Praha, Czech Republic
| | - Cécile A J Girardin
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sami Rifai
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Cecilia A L Dahlsjö
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Terhi Riutta
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xiongjie Deng
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Yuheng Sun
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Iain Colin Prentice
- Georgina Mace Centre for the Living Planet, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, United Kingdom
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Institute for Global Change Studies, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Imma Oliveras Menor
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- AMAP (Botanique et Modelisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations), CIRAD, CNRS, INRA, IRD,Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
- Leverhulme Centre for Nature Recovery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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3
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Beverly DP, Huenupi E, Gandolfo A, Lietzke CJ, Ficklin DL, Barnes ML, Raff JD, Novick KA, Phillips RP. The forest, the cicadas and the holey fluxes: Periodical cicada impacts on soil respiration depends on tree mycorrhizal type. Ecol Lett 2024; 27:e14349. [PMID: 38178545 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of billions of periodical cicadas affects plant and animal communities profoundly, yet little is known about cicada impacts on soil carbon fluxes. We investigated the effects of Brood X cicadas (Magicicada septendecim, M. cassinii and M. septendeculain) on soil CO2 fluxes (RS ) in three Indiana forests. We hypothesized RS would be sensitive to emergence hole density, with the greatest effects occurring in soils with the lowest ambient fluxes. In support of our hypothesis, RS increased with increasing hole density and greater effects were observed near AM-associating trees (which expressed lower ambient fluxes) than near EcM-associating trees. Additionally, RS from emergence holes increased the temperature sensitivity (Q10 ) of RS by 13%, elevating the Q10 of ecosystem respiration. Brood X cicadas increased annual RS by ca. 2.5%, translating to an additional 717 Gg of CO2 across forested areas. As such, periodical cicadas can have substantial effects on soil processes and biogeochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Beverly
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Biology Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | | | - Adrien Gandolfo
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Clara J Lietzke
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Darren L Ficklin
- Department of Geography, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Mallory L Barnes
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jonathan D Raff
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Kimberly A Novick
- Paul H. O'Neill School of Public and Environmental Affairs, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Sushko S, Ovsepyan L, Gavrichkova O, Yevdokimov I, Komarova A, Zhuravleva A, Blagodatsky S, Kadulin M, Ivashchenko K. Contribution of microbial activity and vegetation cover to the spatial distribution of soil respiration in mountains. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1165045. [PMID: 37396373 PMCID: PMC10307969 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1165045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The patterns of change in bioclimatic conditions determine the vegetation cover and soil properties along the altitudinal gradient. Together, these factors control the spatial variability of soil respiration (RS) in mountainous areas. The underlying mechanisms, which are poorly understood, shape the resulting surface CO2 flux in these ecosystems. We aimed to investigate the spatial variability of RS and its drivers on the northeastern slope of the Northwest Caucasus Mountains, Russia (1,260-2,480 m a.s.l.), in mixed, fir, and deciduous forests, as well as subalpine and alpine meadows. RS was measured simultaneously in each ecosystem at 12 randomly distributed points using the closed static chamber technique. After the measurements, topsoil samples (0-10 cm) were collected under each chamber (n = 60). Several soil physicochemical, microbial, and vegetation indices were assessed as potential drivers of RS. We tested two hypotheses: (i) the spatial variability of RS is higher in forests than in grasslands; and (ii) the spatial variability of RS in forests is mainly due to soil microbial activity, whereas in grasslands, it is mainly due to vegetation characteristics. Unexpectedly, RS variability was lower in forests than in grasslands, ranging from 1.3-6.5 versus 3.4-12.7 μmol CO2 m-1 s-1, respectively. Spatial variability of RS in forests was related to microbial functioning through chitinase activity (50% explained variance), whereas in grasslands it was related to vegetation structure, namely graminoid abundance (27% explained variance). Apparently, the chitinase dependence of RS variability in forests may be related to soil N limitation. This was confirmed by low N content and high C:N ratio compared to grassland soils. The greater sensitivity of grassland RS to vegetation structure may be related to the essential root C allocation for some grasses. Thus, the first hypothesis concerning the higher spatial variability of RS in forests than in grasslands was not confirmed, whereas the second hypothesis concerning the crucial role of soil microorganisms in forests and vegetation in grasslands as drivers of RS spatial variability was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Sushko
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
- Department of Soil Physics, Physical Chemistry and Biophysics, Agrophysical Research Institute, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lilit Ovsepyan
- Center for Isotope Biogeochemistry, University of Tyumen, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Olga Gavrichkova
- Research Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems, National Research Council, Porano, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Center, Palermo, Italy
| | - Ilya Yevdokimov
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alexandra Komarova
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Anna Zhuravleva
- Laboratory of Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Cycles, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Sergey Blagodatsky
- Terrestrial Ecology Group, Institute of Zoology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Maxim Kadulin
- Soil Science Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kristina Ivashchenko
- Laboratory of Carbon Monitoring in Terrestrial Ecosystems, Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science, Pushchino, Russia
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5
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Cai Y, Sawada K, Hirota M. Spatial variation in forest soil respiration: A systematic review of field observations at the global scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162348. [PMID: 36822416 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
As it is responsible for the second largest CO2 flux in the terrestrial ecosystem, the accurate estimation and prediction of soil respiration (SR) are necessary, especially for forest ecosystems, which are a major contributor to the total terrestrial SR. Spatial variation is one of the challenges affecting the accurate estimation and prediction of forest SR in ecosystems. Although a number of studies have examined spatial variation in SR within individual forests, the magnitude and patterns of spatial variation in SR within forest ecosystems (CV of SR [%]) remain unexplored at the global scale. In this study, we collected 94 field observation studies to demonstrate the range and pattern of the CV of SR, and to clarify the controlling factors. Through our analysis, the CV of SR was found to range from 1.8 % to 89.3 % on the global scale; it was highest in the equatorial zone (39.0 % ± 13.8 %) and followed by the warm temperate zone (32.6 ± 14.5 %) and the snow zone (30.0 % ± 16.3 %). There was a significant negative correlation between the CV of SR and soil water content, bulk density, fine root biomass, and elevation at both the global scale and in each climatic zone (P < 0.01). Other factors such as total nitrogen content, mean of diameter at breast height, slope, etc., were also significantly correlated with the CV of SR, but the correlation was different among climatic zones. This study provides an overall perspective of the CV of SR by clarifying the range, patterns, and controlling factors at both the global scale and in each climatic zone. However, further research is needed, especially regarding the mechanisms between the CV of SR and its controlling factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihan Cai
- Graduate school of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Kiyoto Sawada
- Degree Programs in Life and Earth Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Hirota
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan.
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6
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Yang Z, Luo X, Shi Y, Zhou T, Luo K, Lai Y, Yu P, Liu L, Olchev A, Bond-Lamberty B, Hao D, Jian J, Fan S, Cai C, Tang X. Controls and variability of soil respiration temperature sensitivity across China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 871:161974. [PMID: 36740054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the temperature sensitivity (Q10) of soil respiration is critical for benchmarking the potential intensity of regional and global terrestrial soil carbon fluxes-climate feedbacks. Although field observations have demonstrated the strong spatial heterogeneity of Q10, a significant knowledge gap still exists regarding to the factors driving spatial and temporal variabilities of Q10 at regional scales. Therefore, we used a machine learning approach to predict Q10 from 1994 to 2016 with a spatial resolution of 1 km across China from 515 field observations at 5 cm soil depth using climate, soil and vegetation variables. Predicted Q10 varied from 1.54 to 4.17, with an area-weighted average of 2.52. There was no significant temporal trend for Q10 (p = 0.32), but annual vegetation production (indicated by normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) was positively correlated to it (p < 0.01). Spatially, soil organic carbon (SOC) was the most important driving factor in 62 % of the land area across China, and varied greatly, demonstrating soil controls on the spatial pattern of Q10. These findings highlighted different environmental controls on the spatial and temporal pattern of soil respiration Q10, which should be considered to improve global biogeochemical models used to predict the spatial and temporal patterns of soil carbon fluxes to ongoing climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinrui Luo
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Yuehong Shi
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Ke Luo
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Yunsen Lai
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Alexander Olchev
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Dalei Hao
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Jinshi Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shaohui Fan
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Chunju Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaolu Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China; College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China.
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7
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Yan J, Hu X, Qian L, Fu X, Wang L. Tidal organic input restricts CO 2 sequestration capacity of estuarine wetlands. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:63580-63591. [PMID: 37055687 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-26642-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The inland and estuary wetlands that characterized by different natural environment perform distinctly in soil carbon (C) sink. It was deemed that estuary wetland has a higher organic C accumulation rate than inland wetland, due to its higher primary production and tidal organics input, thus having higher organic C sink capacity. While from CO2 budge in view, whether does the large organic input from tide restrict CO2 sequestration capacity of estuary wetland has not been discussed comparing with inland wetland. In this study, inland and estuary wetlands were selected to study the potential of CO2 sequestration capacity. It was found that inland wetland had most of soil organic carbon (SOC) derived from plant C, which brought remarkable organic C content and nourished higher microbial biomass, dehydrogenase, and β_glucosidase than estuary wetland. The estuary wetland instead accumulated less SOC, a considerable proportion of which came from tidal waters, therefore supporting lower microbial biomass and enzyme activities than that in inland wetland. However, estuary wetland was evaluated having higher capability in SOC mineralization than inland wetland in consideration of soil respiration (SR) and SR quotient. It was concluded that tidal organic C accelerated the SOC mineralization in estuarine wetland, thus weakening the CO2 sequestration. These results implied the importance of pollution control for reservation CO2 sink function in estuarine wetland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfang Yan
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Xin Hu
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
- Key Laboratory of Watershed Earth Surface Processes and Ecological Security, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, 321004, China
| | - Liwei Qian
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaohua Fu
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Yangtze River Water Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Oliva RL, Veen GF(C, Tanaka MO. Soil nutrient dissimilarity and litter nutrient limitation as major drivers of home field advantage in riparian tropical forests. Biotropica 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.13214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebeca Leme Oliva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences (PPGCAm) Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
| | - G. F. (Ciska) Veen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Marcel Okamoto Tanaka
- Department of Environmental Sciences (DCAm) Federal University of São Carlos São Carlos Brazil
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9
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Raich JW, Kaiser MS, Dornbush ME, Martin JG, Valverde-Barrantes OJ. Multiple factors co-limit short-term in situ soil carbon dioxide emissions. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279839. [PMID: 36791073 PMCID: PMC9931153 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil respiration is a major source of atmospheric CO2. If it increases with warming, it will counteract efforts to minimize climate change. To improve understanding of environmental controls over soil CO2 emission, we applied generalized linear modeling to a large dataset of in situ measurements of short-term soil respiration rate, with associated environmental attributes, which was gathered over multiple years from four locations that varied in climate, soil type, and vegetation. Soil respiration includes many CO2-producing processes: we theorized that different environmental factors could limit each process distinctly, thereby diminishing overall CO2 emissions. A baseline model that included soil temperature, soil volumetric water content, and their interaction was effective in estimating soil respiration at all four locations (p < 0.0001). Model fits, based on model log likelihoods, improved continuously as additional covariates were added, including mean daily air temperature, enhanced vegetation index (EVI), and quadratic terms for soil temperature and water content, and their interactions. The addition of land cover and its direct interactions with environmental variables further improved model fits. Significant interactions between covariates were observed at each location and at every stage of analysis, but the interaction terms varied among sites and models, and did not consistently maintain importance in more complex models. A main-effects model was therefore tested, which included soil temperature and water content, their quadratic effects, EVI, and air temperature, but no interactions. In that case all six covariates were significant (p < 0.0001) when applied across sites. We infer that local-scale soil-CO2 emissions are commonly co-limited by EVI and air temperature, in addition to soil temperature and water content. Importantly, the quadratic soil temperature and moisture terms were significantly negative: estimated soil-CO2 emissions declined when soil temperature exceeded 22.5°C, and as soil moisture differed from the optimum of 0.27 m3 m-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- James W. Raich
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mark S. Kaiser
- Department of Statistics, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Mathew E. Dornbush
- Cofrin School of Business, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jonathan G. Martin
- Natural Resources, Northland College, Ashland, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - O. J. Valverde-Barrantes
- Institute of Environment, Department of Biological Sciences, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
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10
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Song W, Hu C, Luo Y, Clough TJ, Wrage-Mönnig N, Ge T, Luo J, Zhou S, Qin S. Nitrate as an alternative electron acceptor destabilizes the mineral associated organic carbon in moisturized deep soil depths. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1120466. [PMID: 36846789 PMCID: PMC9944454 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1120466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) addition on soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition. However, most studies have focused on the shallow top soils <0.2 m (surface soil), with a few studies also examining the deeper soil depths of 0.5-1.0 m (subsoil). Studies investigating the effects of N addition on SOC decomposition in soil >1.0 m deep (deep soil) are rare. Here, we investigated the effects and the underlying mechanisms of nitrate addition on SOC stability in soil depths deeper than 1.0 m. The results showed that nitrate addition promoted deep soil respiration if the stoichiometric mole ratio of nitrate to O2 exceeded the threshold of 6:1, at which nitrate can be used as an alternative acceptor to O2 for microbial respiration. In addition, the mole ratio of the produced CO2 to N2O was 2.57:1, which is close to the theoretical ratio of 2:1 expected when nitrate is used as an electron acceptor for microbial respiration. These results demonstrated that nitrate, as an alternative acceptor to O2, promoted microbial carbon decomposition in deep soil. Furthermore, our results showed that nitrate addition increased the abundance of SOC decomposers and the expressions of their functional genes, and concurrently decreased MAOC, and the ratio of MAOC/SOC decreased from 20% before incubation to 4% at the end of incubation. Thus, nitrate can destabilize the MAOC in deep soils by stimulating microbial utilization of MAOC. Our results imply a new mechanism on how above-ground anthropogenic N inputs affect MAOC stability in deep soil. Mitigation of nitrate leaching is expected to benefit the conservation of MAOC in deep soil depths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Song
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Chunsheng Hu
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tim J. Clough
- Faculty of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - Nicole Wrage-Mönnig
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Grassland and Fodder Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tida Ge
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jiafa Luo
- AgResearch Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Shungui Zhou
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Environmental Health and Regulation, College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Shuping Qin
- Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Shuping Qin,
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11
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Hasnain M, Munir N, Abideen Z, Zulfiqar F, Koyro HW, El-Naggar A, Caçador I, Duarte B, Rinklebe J, Yong JWH. Biochar-plant interaction and detoxification strategies under abiotic stresses for achieving agricultural resilience: A critical review. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 249:114408. [PMID: 36516621 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The unpredictable climatic perturbations, the expanding industrial and mining sectors, excessive agrochemicals, greater reliance on wastewater usage in cultivation, and landfill leachates, are collectively causing land degradation and affecting cultivation, thereby reducing food production globally. Biochar can generally mitigate the unfavourable effects brought about by climatic perturbations (drought, waterlogging) and degraded soils to sustain crop production. It can also reduce the bioavailability and phytotoxicity of pollutants in contaminated soils via the immobilization of inorganic and/or organic contaminants, commonly through surface complexation, electrostatic attraction, ion exchange, adsorption, and co-precipitation. When biochar is applied to soil, it typically neutralizes soil acidity, enhances cation exchange capacity, water holding capacity, soil aeration, and microbial activity. Thus, biochar has been was widely used as an amendment to ameliorate crop abiotic/biotic stress. This review discusses the effects of biochar addition under certain unfavourable conditions (salinity, drought, flooding and heavy metal stress) to improve plant resilience undergoing these perturbations. Biochar applied with other stimulants like compost, humic acid, phytohormones, microbes and nanoparticles could be synergistic in some situation to enhance plant resilience and survivorship in especially saline, waterlogged and arid conditions. Overall, biochar can provide an effective and low-cost solution, especially in nutrient-poor and highly degraded soils to sustain plant cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Hasnain
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Neelma Munir
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zainul Abideen
- Dr. Muhammad Ajmal Khan Institute of Sustainable Halophyte Utilization, University of Karachi, 75270, Pakistan.
| | - Faisal Zulfiqar
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100 Pakistan.
| | - Hans Werner Koyro
- Institute of Plant Ecology, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ali El-Naggar
- Department of Soil Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11241, Egypt
| | - Isabel Caçador
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Duarte
- MARE-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre & ARNET - Aquatic Research Network Associated Laboratory, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande 1749-016, Lisbon; Departamento de Biologia Vegetal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water, and Waste-Management, Laboratory of Soil, and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jean Wan Hong Yong
- Department of Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp 23456, Sweden.
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12
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Bandyopadhyay S, Maiti SK. Steering restoration of coal mining degraded ecosystem to achieve sustainable development goal-13 (climate action): United Nations decade of ecosystem restoration (2021-2030). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:88383-88409. [PMID: 36327066 PMCID: PMC9630816 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23699-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
For millennium, mining sector is a source not only of mineral extraction for industrialization, economic expansion, and urban sprawling, but also of socio-environmental concern. It, therefore, has been the central attention of the business and public policy sustainable development scheme for several years. Thus, gradually, mining industries are getting involved with the concerns such as carbon emissions mitigation and carbon accounting to govern a rhetorical shift towards "sustainable mining". However, there is scarce knowledge about how the emergence of a "green and self-sustaining" forestry reclamation strategy coupled with potential carbon sequestration capacity in degraded mining areas will be an impeccable option for achieving sustainable development goal-13 (SDG-13: climate action) and ecosystem services during United Nation decade of ecosystem restoration. This paper reviews the extent to which reforestation and sustainable land management practices that employed to enhance ecosystem carbon pool and atmospheric CO2 sequestration capacity to offset CO2 emission and SOC (soil organic carbon) losses, as consequences of coal mining, to partially mitigate global climate crisis. Moreover, future research is required on mining innovation concepts and its challenges for designing an SDG impact framework, so that it not only synergies amongst SDGs, but also trade-offs between each individual "politically legitimized post-2015 development agenda" (i.e. UNSDGs) could be depicted in a systematic way. In a developing country like India, it is also an utmost need to assess the environmental impact and economic performance of such technological innovation and its possible synergistic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sneha Bandyopadhyay
- Ecological Restoration Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Ecological Restoration Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand 826004 India
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13
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Fekadu G, Adgo E, Meshesha DT, Tsunekawa A, Haregeweyn N, Peng F, Tsubo M, Masunaga T, Tassew A, Mulualem T, Demissie S. Seasonal and diurnal soil respiration dynamics under different land management practices in the sub-tropical highland agroecology of Ethiopia. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:65. [PMID: 36329265 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10705-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The temporal dynamics of soil respiration change in response to different land management practices are not well documented. This study investigated the effects of soil bunds on the monthly and diurnal dynamics of soil respiration rates in the highlands of the Upper Blue Nile basin in Ethiopia. Six plots (with and without soil bunds, three replicates) were used for measurement of seasonal soil respiration, and 18 plots were used for measurement of diurnal soil respiration. We collected seasonal variation data on a monthly basis from September 2020 to August 2021. Diurnal soil respiration data were collected four times daily (5 a.m., 11 a.m., 5 p.m., and 11 p.m.) for 2 weeks from 16 to 29 September 2021. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test showed that seasonal soil respiration rates differed significantly (p < 0.05) between soil bund and control plots in all seasons. In plots with soil bunds, seasonal soil respiration rates were lowest in February (1.89 ± 0.3 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1, mean ± SE) and highest in October (14.54 ± 0.5 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1). The diurnal soil respiration rate was significantly (p < 0.05) higher at 11 a.m. than at other times, and was lowest at 5 a.m. Seasonal variation in soil respiration was influenced by soil temperature negatively and moisture positively. Diurnal soil respiration was significantly affected by soil temperature but not by soil moisture. Further study is required to explore how differences in soil microorganisms between different land management practices affect soil respiration rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genetu Fekadu
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Enyew Adgo
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Derege Tsegaye Meshesha
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Atsushi Tsunekawa
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Nigussie Haregeweyn
- International Platform for Dryland Research and Education, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Fei Peng
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
- Beiluhe Observation and Research Station on Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mitsuru Tsubo
- Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Tsugiyuki Masunaga
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Shimane, Matsue, 690-0823, Japan
| | - Asaminew Tassew
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Temesgen Mulualem
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Simeneh Demissie
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
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14
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He Y, Ding J, Dorji T, Wang T, Li J, Smith P. Observation-based global soil heterotrophic respiration indicates underestimated turnover and sequestration of soil carbon by terrestrial ecosystem models. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:5547-5559. [PMID: 35652687 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil heterotrophic respiration (Rh ) refers to the flux of CO2 released from soil to atmosphere as a result of organic matter decomposition by soil microbes and fauna. As one of the major fluxes in the global carbon cycle, large uncertainties still exist in the estimation of global Rh , which further limits our current understanding of carbon accumulation in soils. Here, we applied a Random Forest algorithm to create a global data set of soil Rh , by linking 761 field observations with both abiotic and biotic predictors. We estimated that global Rh was 48.8 ± 0.9 Pg C year-1 for 1982-2018, which was 16% less than the ensemble mean (58.6 ± 9.9 Pg C year-1 ) of 16 terrestrial ecosystem models. By integrating our observational Rh with independent soil carbon stock data sets, we obtained a global mean soil carbon turnover time of 38.3 ± 11 year. Using observation-based turnover times as a constraint, we found that terrestrial ecosystem models simulated faster carbon turnovers, leading to a 30% (74 Pg C) underestimation of terrestrial ecosystem carbon accumulation for the past century, which was especially pronounced at high latitudes. This underestimation is equivalent to 45% of the total carbon emissions (164 Pg C) caused by global land-use change at the same time. Our analyses highlight the need to constrain ecosystem models using observation-based and locally adapted Rh values to obtain reliable projections of the carbon sink capacity of terrestrial ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhi Ding
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tsechoe Dorji
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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15
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Impact of Natural Forest Succession on Changes in Soil Organic Carbon in the Polish Carpathian Mountains. FORESTS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/f13050744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The main driver of the Carpathian landscape is the process of natural forest succession on the semi-natural meadows unique to the region. Moreover, these semi-natural mountain meadows contribute to ecosystem services, although increasing forest areas are recommended by current international policy agendas. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of natural forest succession in the Polish part of Carpathian on changes in soil organic carbon and assess the influence of different soil properties on organic carbon content across three land uses. Soil samples were taken from 10 transects consisting of semi-natural mountain meadow, natural successional forest and old-growth forest, selected in three Polish Carpathian national parks. Measurements of organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, microbial properties, such as microbial respiration, and enzyme activities were made; additionally, biochemical indicators were calculated. To describe the influence of measured soil parameters and calculated indicators of soil organic carbon changes, the organic carbon dependent variable regression equations across all studied soils and for the individual land use and examined layers were evaluated. The overall regression equation indicated that changes in organic carbon general to all investigated soils depended on microbial biomass carbon content, microbial quotient, dissolved organic carbon content and metabolic quotient. The regression models obtained for the individual land use variants and soil layers explained 77% to 99% of the variation in organic carbon. Results showed that natural forest succession caused a decrease in microbial biomass carbon content, and successional forest soils characterized less efficient use of organic substrates by microbial biomass.
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16
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Jian J, Bailey V, Dorheim K, Konings AG, Hao D, Shiklomanov AN, Snyder A, Steele M, Teramoto M, Vargas R, Bond-Lamberty B. Historically inconsistent productivity and respiration fluxes in the global terrestrial carbon cycle. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1733. [PMID: 35365658 PMCID: PMC8976082 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29391-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The terrestrial carbon cycle is a major source of uncertainty in climate projections. Its dominant fluxes, gross primary productivity (GPP), and respiration (in particular soil respiration, RS), are typically estimated from independent satellite-driven models and upscaled in situ measurements, respectively. We combine carbon-cycle flux estimates and partitioning coefficients to show that historical estimates of global GPP and RS are irreconcilable. When we estimate GPP based on RS measurements and some assumptions about RS:GPP ratios, we found the resulted global GPP values (bootstrap mean [Formula: see text] Pg C yr-1) are significantly higher than most GPP estimates reported in the literature ([Formula: see text] Pg C yr-1). Similarly, historical GPP estimates imply a soil respiration flux (RsGPP, bootstrap mean of [Formula: see text] Pg C yr-1) statistically inconsistent with most published RS values ([Formula: see text] Pg C yr-1), although recent, higher, GPP estimates are narrowing this gap. Furthermore, global RS:GPP ratios are inconsistent with spatial averages of this ratio calculated from individual sites as well as CMIP6 model results. This discrepancy has implications for our understanding of carbon turnover times and the terrestrial sensitivity to climate change. Future efforts should reconcile the discrepancies associated with calculations for GPP and Rs to improve estimates of the global carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China. .,Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD, 20740, USA. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China. .,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A & F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Vanessa Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Kalyn Dorheim
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Alexandra G Konings
- Department of Earth System Science, Stanford University, 473 Via Ortega, Room 140, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Dalei Hao
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Alexey N Shiklomanov
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8800 Greenbelt Rd., Building 33, Greenbelt, MD, 20771, USA
| | - Abigail Snyder
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Meredith Steele
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, 183 Aq Quad Ln, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Munemasa Teramoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, 305-8506, Japan.,Arid Land Research Center, Tottori University, 1390 Hamasaka, Tottori, 680-0001, Japan
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
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17
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Tang X, Shi Y, Luo X, Liu L, Jian J, Bond-Lamberty B, Hao D, Olchev A, Zhang W, Gao S, Li J. A decreasing carbon allocation to belowground autotrophic respiration in global forest ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149273. [PMID: 34378544 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Belowground autotrophic respiration (RAsoil) depends on carbohydrates from photosynthesis flowing to roots and rhizospheres, and is one of the most important but least understood components in forest carbon cycling. Carbon allocation plays an important role in forest carbon cycling and reflects forest adaptation to changing environmental conditions. However, carbon allocation to RAsoil has not been fully examined at the global scale. To fill this knowledge gap, we first used a Random Forest algorithm to predict the spatio-temporal patterns of RAsoil from 1981 to 2017 based on the most updated Global Soil Respiration Database (v5) with global environmental variables; calculated carbon allocation from photosynthesis to RAsoil (CAB) as a fraction of gross primary production; and assessed its temporal and spatial patterns in global forest ecosystems. Globally, mean RAsoil from forests was 8.9 ± 0.08 Pg C yr-1 (mean ± standard deviation) from 1981 to 2017 and increased significantly at a rate of 0.006 Pg C yr-2, paralleling broader soil respiration changes and suggesting increasing carbon respired by roots. Mean CAB was 0.243 ± 0.016 and decreased over time. The temporal trend of CAB varied greatly in space, reflecting uneven responses of CAB to environmental changes. Combined with carbon use efficiency, our CAB results offer a completely independent approach to quantify global aboveground autotropic respiration spatially and temporally, and could provide crucial insights into carbon flux partitioning and global carbon cycling under climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Tang
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & WaterPollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China.
| | - Yuehong Shi
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Xinruo Luo
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Liang Liu
- College of Earth Sciences, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
| | - Jinshi Jian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, 5825 University Research Court, Suite 3500, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Dalei Hao
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Alexander Olchev
- Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University, GSP-1, Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Sicong Gao
- CSIRO Land and Water, PMB 2, Glen Osmond, SA 5064, Australia; Centre for Applied Water Science, University of Canberra, Canberra, Australia
| | - Jingji Li
- College of Ecology and Environment, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Synergetic Control and Joint Remediation for Soil & WaterPollution, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
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18
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Duan L, Liu T, Ma L, Lei H, Singh VP. Analysis of soil respiration and influencing factors in a semiarid dune-meadow cascade ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148993. [PMID: 34273830 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The characteristics of soil respiration (Rs) in semiarid regions are important with regard to the carbon cycle of complex underlying surfaces and estimation of carbon emissions from regional ecosystems. During the growing season (May-September 2016), in situ observations of Rs were obtained concurrently with measurements of soil bacteria (Bs), soil moisture (Ms), and soil temperature (Ts) at depths of 0-10 cm, in a dune-meadow cascade ecosystem. Results showed that Rs differences among the various ecosystems were significant (P < 0.01), the intensity of Rs in meadows was twice stronger than that in dunes. The average values of Rs presenting a declined trend follows MPA (11.19 μmol m-2 s-1) > MAF (7.75) > SSG (6.78) > SMAH (5.02) > SFAH (4.8) > FLC (4.28) > SBG (3.09). An extremely significant (p < 0.01) positive correlated power relationship can be found between Rs and Bs, which could explain 62.41%-86.56% of the variation in Rs in the various ecosystems. Field capacity and the saturated water content were the key demarcation points for the interactive relationship between Rs and Ms, which showing a significant (P < 0.05) positive correlated power relationship in dunes, in contrast, it presenting a significant (P < 0.05) negative correlated exponential relationship in meadows. Rs was positively exponentially correlated with Ts, significant (P < 0.05) in meadows and nonsignificant (P > 0.05) in dunes. Future research should be strengthened to consider multiple growing seasons experiencing various climatic conditions for accurate estimation of terrestrial carbon emissions in arid and semiarid ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Duan
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Water Resources, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Tingxi Liu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Water Resources, Hohhot 010018, China.
| | - Liqun Ma
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Water Affairs Bureau of Kailu County, Tongliao 028400, China
| | - Huimin Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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19
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Upadhyay S, Singh R, Verma P, Raghubanshi AS. Spatio-temporal variability in soil CO 2 efflux and regulatory physicochemical parameters from the tropical urban natural and anthropogenic land use classes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 295:113141. [PMID: 34198176 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Urban ecosystems, the heterogeneous and rapidly changing landscape, showed a considerable impact on the global C cycle. However, studies encompassing the spatial differences in urban land uses on soil C dynamics are limited in tropical ecosystems. In this study, seasonal and temporal variability in soil CO2 efflux (SCE) and its regulatory physicochemical variables under five urban land use classes viz., Bare (BAR), Agriculture (AGR), Plantation (PLT), Grassland (GRA) and Lawns (LAW) were assessed from 2014 to 2016. Bare land use was considered as the reference for observing the variation for different land uses. Seasonal measurements of SCE, soil temperature, moisture content, pH, ammonium-N, nitrate-N and microbial biomass C (MBC) were performed whereas soil organic C (SOC), soil N, and soil physical properties were measured annually. Our results showed a significant (P < 0.01) increase in SCE by 89%, 117%, 132% and 166% for land use types from BAR to AGR, PLT, GRA and LAW, respectively. The results revealed a two-fold increase in SCE from anthropogenically managed urban lawns as compared to bare soil. PLT and LAW land use classes showed higher SOC and N contents. SCE was found positively correlated with temperature, moisture, SOC, soil N and MBC whereas negatively correlated with ammonium-N and nitrate-N (at P < 0.05) for the overall dataset. Soil moisture, temperature, SOC, porosity and pH were identified as the major determinant of urban SCE by explaining 63% of the variability in overall SCE. Further, temperature for BAR and LAW; moisture for PLT; ammonium-N for GRA; and nitrate-N for AGR were identified as the major regulators of SCE for different land use classes. The findings revealed that the interaction of soil temperature and moisture with nutrient availability regulates overall and seasonal variability in SCE in an urban ecosystem. Since these variables are highly affected by climate change, thus, the soil C source-sink relationships in tropical urban ecosystems may further change and induce a positive global warming potential from urban ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Upadhyay
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory (IEL), Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Rishikesh Singh
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory (IEL), Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Pramit Verma
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory (IEL), Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Akhilesh Singh Raghubanshi
- Integrative Ecology Laboratory (IEL), Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development (IESD), Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
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Stell E, Warner D, Jian J, Bond-Lamberty B, Vargas R. Spatial biases of information influence global estimates of soil respiration: How can we improve global predictions? GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2021; 27:3923-3938. [PMID: 33934461 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs), the efflux of CO2 from soils to the atmosphere, is a major component of the terrestrial carbon cycle, but is poorly constrained from regional to global scales. The global soil respiration database (SRDB) is a compilation of in situ Rs observations from around the globe that has been consistently updated with new measurements over the past decade. It is unclear whether the addition of data to new versions has produced better-constrained global Rs estimates. We compared two versions of the SRDB (v3.0 n = 5173 and v5.0 n = 10,366) to determine how additional data influenced global Rs annual sum, spatial patterns and associated uncertainty (1 km spatial resolution) using a machine learning approach. A quantile regression forest model parameterized using SRDBv3 yielded a global Rs sum of 88.6 Pg C year-1 , and associated uncertainty of 29.9 (mean absolute error) and 57.9 (standard deviation) Pg C year-1 , whereas parameterization using SRDBv5 yielded 96.5 Pg C year-1 and associated uncertainty of 30.2 (mean average error) and 73.4 (standard deviation) Pg C year-1 . Empirically estimated global heterotrophic respiration (Rh) from v3 and v5 were 49.9-50.2 (mean 50.1) and 53.3-53.5 (mean 53.4) Pg C year-1 , respectively. SRDBv5's inclusion of new data from underrepresented regions (e.g., Asia, Africa, South America) resulted in overall higher model uncertainty. The largest differences between models parameterized with different SRDVB versions were in arid/semi-arid regions. The SRDBv5 is still biased toward northern latitudes and temperate zones, so we tested an optimized global distribution of Rs measurements, which resulted in a global sum of 96.4 ± 21.4 Pg C year-1 with an overall lower model uncertainty. These results support current global estimates of Rs but highlight spatial biases that influence model parameterization and interpretation and provide insights for design of environmental networks to improve global-scale Rs estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Stell
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Daniel Warner
- Delaware Geological Survey, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Jinshi Jian
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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21
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Weitz KK, Smith ML, Hixson KK, Hill EA, Jansson JK, Hofmockel KS, Lipton MS. Real-Time Mass Spectrometry Measurements of Respiration Rates in Biological Systems. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2021; 32:648-652. [PMID: 33258588 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many organisms process carbon and other nutrients to generate energy through aerobic respiration where organic carbon compounds are broken down and oxygen is consumed, producing carbon dioxide and water. Respiration is indicative of active metabolism, and respiration rates are proportional to the amount of living biomass in an ecosystem. Although there are many methods for measuring respiration rates in the laboratory, current systems, such as infrared gas analyzers, are limited in their ability to independently resolve isotopomer fluxes across a range of relevant gases including both CO2 and O2 in real-time. Therefore, monitoring of biological respiration in real time under controlled laboratory conditions would enable better understanding of cellular physiology. To address this challenge, we developed a real time mass spectrometry (RTMS) manifold that simultaneously measures production and consumption of multiple gases and their isotopologues in seconds with the speed and sensitivity necessary to characterize rapidly changing respiration events as they occur. This universal manifold can be fitted to a variety of instruments and affords the same analytical precision and accuracy of the instrument while allowing for the real time measurements. Here, we paired the manifold to a single quad MS with an electron impact (EI) source operated in scan mode to detect extracted target gases by their respective masses (e.g., 12CO2 at mass 44, 13CO2 at 45). We demonstrated applicability of the RTMS instrument to different biological ecosystems (bacterial cultures, plants, and soil), and in all cases, we were able to detect simultaneous and rapid measurements of multiple gases in real time, providing novel insights into complex respiratory metabolism and the influence of biological and environmental factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl K Weitz
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Montana L Smith
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kim K Hixson
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Eric A Hill
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Janet K Jansson
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Kirsten S Hofmockel
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Mary S Lipton
- Environmental and Biological Sciences Division Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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22
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Dynamics of the soil respiration response to soil reclamation in a coastal wetland. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2911. [PMID: 33536447 PMCID: PMC7859388 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The soil carbon (C) pools in coastal wetlands are known as "blue C" and have been damaged extensively owing to climate change and land reclamation. Because soil respiration (RS) is the primary mechanism through which soil carbon is released into the atmosphere at a global scale, investigating the dynamic characteristics of the soil respiration rate in reclaimed coastal wetlands is necessary to understand its important role in maintaining the global C cycle. In the present study, seasonal and diurnal changes in soil respiration were monitored in one bare wetland (CK) and two reclaimed wetlands (CT, a cotton monoculture pattern, and WM, a wheat-maize continuous cropping pattern) in the Yellow River Delta. At the diurnal scale, the RS at the three study sites displayed single-peak curves, with the lowest values occurring at midnight (00:00 a.m.) and the highest values occurring at midday (12:00 a.m.). At the seasonal scale, the mean diurnal RS of the CK, CT and WM in April was 0.24, 0.26 and 0.79 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1, and it increased to a peak in August for these areas. Bare wetland conversion to croplands significantly elevated the soil organic carbon (SOC) pool. The magnitude of the RS was significantly different at the three sites, and the yearly total amounts of CO2 efflux were 375, 513 and 944 g CO2·m-2 for the CK, CT and WM, respectively. At the three study sites, the surface soil temperature had a significant and positive relationship to the RS at both the diurnal and seasonal scales, and it accounted for 20-52% of the seasonal variation in the daytime RS. The soil water content showed a significant but negative relationship to the RS on diurnal scale only at the CK site, while it significantly increased with the RS on seasonal scale at all study sites. Although the RS showed a noticeable relationship to the combination of soil temperature and water content, the synergic effects of these two environment factors were not much higher than the individual effects. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the RS was also influenced by the soil physico-chemical properties and that the soil total nitrogen had a closer positive relationship to the RS than the other nutrients, indicating that the soil nitrogen content plays a more important role in promoting carbon loss.
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Yang J, Duan Y, Yang X, Awasthi MK, Li H, Zhang L. Modeling CO 2 exchange and meteorological factors of an apple orchard using partial least square regression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:43439-43451. [PMID: 32016877 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The eddy covariance (EC) technique was used to measure variations of orchard-atmosphere CO2 exchange, as a function of meteorological variables in an apple orchard in 2016-2017. The annual average CO2 exchange rate was 2.295 kg m-2. Excavations and biomass assessments demonstrated that the orchard stored close to 20.6 tC ha-1 as plant C over a 15-year period. Seasonally, high rates of CO2 uptake and low CO2 emissions occurred between May and August and December and March, respectively. The maximum rates of monthly CO2 exchange were 144.44 and 153.61 gC m-2 month-1 in August 2016 and June 2017, respectively. Partial least squares (PLS) regressions were used to analyze the influence of meteorological factors to on CO2 exchange rates. Temperature and photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) were observed to exert the largest influence on driving variation in CO2 exchange. The main meteorological factors affecting CO2 exchange on daily and monthly time scales were soil temperature (Tsoil), air temperature (Ta), PAR, below canopy CO2 concentration (BCC), vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and soil water content at 50 cm (SWC50cm). The regression model equation describing CO2 exchange included Ta, VPD, precipitation (PPT), and sunshine duration (SD), as significant variables. This model curve fitting explains over 80% of the variation in CO2 exchange. This study provides CO2 exchange characteristics and a model equation capable of predicting CO2 exchange of an apple orchard. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yumin Duan
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaoni Yang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huike Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Linsen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, No. 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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24
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Pantani OL, Fioravanti F, Stefanini FM, Berni R, Certini G. Accounting for soil respiration variability – Case study in a Mediterranean pine-dominated forest. Sci Rep 2020; 10:1787. [PMID: 32019975 PMCID: PMC7000697 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58664-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The number of spots to monitor to evaluate soil respiration (Rs) is often chosen on an empirical or conventional basis. To obtain an insight into the necessary number of spots to account for Rs variability in a Mediterranean pine-dominated mixed forest, we measured Rs all year long on sixteen dates with a portable gas-analyser in 50 spots per date within an area 1/3 ha wide. Linear mixed-effects models with soil temperature and litter moisture as descriptors, were fitted to the collected data and then evaluated in a Monte Carlo simulation on a progressively decreasing number of spots to identify the minimum number required to estimate Rs with a given confidence interval. We found that monitoring less than 14 spots would have resulted in a 10% probability of not fitting the model, while monitoring 20 spots would have reduced the same probability to about 5% and was the best compromise between field efforts and quality of the results. A simple rainfall index functional to select sampling dates during the summer drought is proposed.
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25
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Bond‐Lamberty B, Christianson DS, Malhotra A, Pennington SC, Sihi D, AghaKouchak A, Anjileli H, Altaf Arain M, Armesto JJ, Ashraf S, Ataka M, Baldocchi D, Andrew Black T, Buchmann N, Carbone MS, Chang S, Crill P, Curtis PS, Davidson EA, Desai AR, Drake JE, El‐Madany TS, Gavazzi M, Görres C, Gough CM, Goulden M, Gregg J, Gutiérrez del Arroyo O, He J, Hirano T, Hopple A, Hughes H, Järveoja J, Jassal R, Jian J, Kan H, Kaye J, Kominami Y, Liang N, Lipson D, Macdonald CA, Maseyk K, Mathes K, Mauritz M, Mayes MA, McNulty S, Miao G, Migliavacca M, Miller S, Miniat CF, Nietz JG, Nilsson MB, Noormets A, Norouzi H, O’Connell CS, Osborne B, Oyonarte C, Pang Z, Peichl M, Pendall E, Perez‐Quezada JF, Phillips CL, Phillips RP, Raich JW, Renchon AA, Ruehr NK, Sánchez‐Cañete EP, Saunders M, Savage KE, Schrumpf M, Scott RL, Seibt U, Silver WL, Sun W, Szutu D, Takagi K, Takagi M, Teramoto M, Tjoelker MG, Trumbore S, Ueyama M, Vargas R, Varner RK, Verfaillie J, Vogel C, Wang J, Winston G, Wood TE, Wu J, Wutzler T, Zeng J, Zha T, Zhang Q, Zou J. COSORE: A community database for continuous soil respiration and other soil-atmosphere greenhouse gas flux data. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2020; 26:7268-7283. [PMID: 33026137 PMCID: PMC7756728 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Globally, soils store two to three times as much carbon as currently resides in the atmosphere, and it is critical to understand how soil greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and uptake will respond to ongoing climate change. In particular, the soil-to-atmosphere CO2 flux, commonly though imprecisely termed soil respiration (RS ), is one of the largest carbon fluxes in the Earth system. An increasing number of high-frequency RS measurements (typically, from an automated system with hourly sampling) have been made over the last two decades; an increasing number of methane measurements are being made with such systems as well. Such high frequency data are an invaluable resource for understanding GHG fluxes, but lack a central database or repository. Here we describe the lightweight, open-source COSORE (COntinuous SOil REspiration) database and software, that focuses on automated, continuous and long-term GHG flux datasets, and is intended to serve as a community resource for earth sciences, climate change syntheses and model evaluation. Contributed datasets are mapped to a single, consistent standard, with metadata on contributors, geographic location, measurement conditions and ancillary data. The design emphasizes the importance of reproducibility, scientific transparency and open access to data. While being oriented towards continuously measured RS , the database design accommodates other soil-atmosphere measurements (e.g. ecosystem respiration, chamber-measured net ecosystem exchange, methane fluxes) as well as experimental treatments (heterotrophic only, etc.). We give brief examples of the types of analyses possible using this new community resource and describe its accompanying R software package.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bond‐Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | | | - Avni Malhotra
- Department of Earth System ScienceStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | - Stephanie C. Pennington
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Debjani Sihi
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
- Present address:
Department of Environmental SciencesEmory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Amir AghaKouchak
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - Hassan Anjileli
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of California IrvineIrvineCAUSA
| | - M. Altaf Arain
- School of Geography and Earth SciencesMcMaster UniversityHamiltonOntarioCanada
| | - Juan J. Armesto
- Departamento de EcologíaPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileSantiagoChile
- Instituto de Ecología y BiodiversidadSantiagoChile
| | - Samaneh Ashraf
- Department of Building, Civil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia UniversityMontrealQCCanada
| | - Mioko Ataka
- Research Institute for Sustainable HumanosphereKyoto UniversityUji CityKyotoJapan
| | - Dennis Baldocchi
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Thomas Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Nina Buchmann
- Department of Environmental Systems ScienceInstitute of Agricultural SciencesETH ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Mariah S. Carbone
- Center for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffAZUSA
| | - Shih‐Chieh Chang
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental StudiesCenter for Interdisciplinary Research on Ecology and SustainabilityNational Dong Hwa UniversityHualienTaiwan
| | - Patrick Crill
- Department of Geological Sciences and Bolin Centre for Climate ResearchStockholm UniversityStockholmSweden
| | - Peter S. Curtis
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Eric A. Davidson
- Appalachian LaboratoryUniversity of Maryland Center for Environmental ScienceFrostburgMDUSA
| | - Ankur R. Desai
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - John E. Drake
- Sustainable Resources ManagementSUNY‐ESFSyracuseNYUSA
| | | | - Michael Gavazzi
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment CenterUSDA Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | | | | | | | - Jillian Gregg
- Sustainability Double Degree ProgramOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - Jin‐Sheng He
- Institute of EcologyCollege of Urban and Environmental SciencesPeking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Takashi Hirano
- Research Faculty of AgricultureHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Anya Hopple
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryRichlandWAUSA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research CenterEdgewaterMDUSA
| | - Holly Hughes
- School of Forest ResourcesUniversity of MaineOronoMEUSA
| | - Järvi Järveoja
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Rachhpal Jassal
- Faculty of Land and Food SystemsUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada
| | - Jinshi Jian
- Pacific Northwest National LaboratoryJoint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College ParkCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Haiming Kan
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Jason Kaye
- The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity ParkPAUSA
| | - Yuji Kominami
- Forestry and Forest Products Research InstituteTsukuba‐cityJapan
| | - Naishen Liang
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
| | - David Lipson
- Biology DepartmentSan Diego State UniversitySan DiegoCAUSA
| | - Catriona A. Macdonald
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Kadmiel Maseyk
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem SciencesThe Open UniversityMilton KeynesUK
| | - Kayla Mathes
- Integrated Life SciencesVirginia Commonwealth UniversityRichmondVAUSA
| | | | - Melanie A. Mayes
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences DivisionOak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Steve McNulty
- Eastern Forest Environmental Threat Assessment CenterUSDA Forest ServiceResearch Triangle ParkNCUSA
| | - Guofang Miao
- School of Geographical SciencesFujian Normal UniversityFuzhouP.R. China
| | | | - Scott Miller
- University at AlbanyState University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Chelcy F. Miniat
- USDA Forest ServiceSouthern Research StationCoweeta Hydrologic LabOttoNCUSA
| | - Jennifer G. Nietz
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal BiologyOhio State UniversityColumbusOHUSA
| | - Mats B. Nilsson
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Asko Noormets
- Department of Ecology and Conservation BiologyTexas A&M UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Hamidreza Norouzi
- New York City College of Technology and the Graduate CenterThe City University of New YorkNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Christine S. O’Connell
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
- Department of Environmental StudiesMacalester CollegeSt PaulMNUSA
| | - Bruce Osborne
- UCD School of Biology and Environmental Science and UCD Earth InstituteUniversity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | - Zhuo Pang
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Matthias Peichl
- Department of Forest Ecology and ManagementSwedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmeåSweden
| | - Elise Pendall
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Jorge F. Perez‐Quezada
- Department of Environmental Science and Renewable Natural ResourcesUniversity of ChileSantiagoChile
- Institute of Ecology and BiodiversitySantiagoChile
| | - Claire L. Phillips
- USDA Agricultural Research ServiceForage Seed and Cereal Research UnitCorvallisORUSA
| | | | - James W. Raich
- Department of Ecology, Evolution & Organismal BiologyIowa State UniversityAmesIAUSA
| | - Alexandre A. Renchon
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | - Nadine K. Ruehr
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research–Atmospheric Environmental ResearchKIT‐Campus AlpinKarlsruhe Institute of TechnologyGarmisch‐PartenkirchenGermany
| | | | - Matthew Saunders
- School of Natural SciencesBotany DepartmentTrinity College DublinDublinIreland
| | | | | | | | - Ulli Seibt
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesUniversity of California Los AngelesLos AngelesCAUSA
| | - Whendee L. Silver
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Wu Sun
- Department of Global EcologyCarnegie Institution for ScienceStanfordCAUSA
| | - Daphne Szutu
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Kentaro Takagi
- Field Science Center for Northern BiosphereHokkaido UniversityHoronobeJapan
| | | | - Munemasa Teramoto
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
- Present address:
Arid Land Research CenterTottori UniversityTottori680–0001Japan
| | - Mark G. Tjoelker
- Hawkesbury Institute for the EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSWAustralia
| | | | - Masahito Ueyama
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental SciencesOsaka Prefecture UniversitySakaiJapan
| | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil SciencesUniversity of DelawareNewarkDEUSA
| | - Ruth K. Varner
- Department of Earth Sciences and Institute for the Study of Earth, Oceans and SpaceUniversity of New HampshireDurhamNHUSA
| | - Joseph Verfaillie
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and ManagementUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | | | - Jinsong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and ModelingInstitute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Greg Winston
- Department of Science, Engineering and MathematicsCypress CollegeCypressCAUSA
| | - Tana E. Wood
- USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical ForestryRío PiedrasPuerto Rico
| | - Juying Wu
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
| | | | - Jiye Zeng
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
| | - Tianshan Zha
- School of Soil and Water ConservationBeijing Forestry UniversityBeijingP.R. China
| | - Quan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering ScienceWuhan UniversityWuhanP.R. China
| | - Junliang Zou
- Beijing Research & Development Centre for Grass and EnvironmentBeijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry SciencesBeijingChina
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26
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Huang N, Wang L, Song XP, Black TA, Jassal RS, Myneni RB, Wu C, Wang L, Song W, Ji D, Yu S, Niu Z. Spatial and temporal variations in global soil respiration and their relationships with climate and land cover. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/41/eabb8508. [PMID: 33028522 PMCID: PMC7541079 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration (R s) represents the largest flux of CO2 from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere, but its spatial and temporal changes as well as the driving forces are not well understood. We derived a product of annual global R s from 2000 to 2014 at 1 km by 1 km spatial resolution using remote sensing data and biome-specific statistical models. Different from the existing view that climate change dominated changes in R s, we showed that land-cover change played a more important role in regulating R s changes in temperate and boreal regions during 2000-2014. Significant changes in R s occurred more frequently in areas with significant changes in short vegetation cover (i.e., all vegetation shorter than 5 m in height) than in areas with significant climate change. These results contribute to our understanding of global R s patterns and highlight the importance of land-cover change in driving global and regional R s changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Song
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - T Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachhpal S Jassal
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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27
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Effect of Fast-Growing Trees on Soil Properties and Carbon Storage in an Afforested Coal Mine Land (India). MINERALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/min10100840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Surface coal mining activities have numerous consequences on terrestrial ecosystems. Loss of soil and biomass carbon pool due to mining activities is a serious concern in the rapidly changing environment. We investigated the effect of fast-growing trees (Albizia lebbeck, Albizia procera, and Dalbergia sissoo) on soil fertility and ecosystem carbon pool after eight years of afforestation in the post-mining land of Jharia coalfield, India, and compared with the adjacent natural forest site. Significant differences in soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) stocks in afforested mine soil and natural forest soils were observed. Greater SOC stock was found under D. sissoo (30.17 Mg·C·ha−1) while total N stock was highest under A. lebbeck (4.16 Mg·N·ha−1) plantation. Plant biomass accumulated 85% of the natural forest carbon pool after eight years of afforestation. The study concluded that planting fast-growing trees in post-mining lands could produce a promising effect on mine soil fertility and greater carbon storage in a short period.
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28
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Impact assessment of textile effluent on health and microbiota of agricultural soil in Bhagwanpur (Uttarakhand), India. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03336-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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29
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Guerra CA, Heintz-Buschart A, Sikorski J, Chatzinotas A, Guerrero-Ramírez N, Cesarz S, Beaumelle L, Rillig MC, Maestre FT, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Buscot F, Overmann J, Patoine G, Phillips HRP, Winter M, Wubet T, Küsel K, Bardgett RD, Cameron EK, Cowan D, Grebenc T, Marín C, Orgiazzi A, Singh BK, Wall DH, Eisenhauer N. Blind spots in global soil biodiversity and ecosystem function research. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3870. [PMID: 32747621 PMCID: PMC7400591 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Soils harbor a substantial fraction of the world's biodiversity, contributing to many crucial ecosystem functions. It is thus essential to identify general macroecological patterns related to the distribution and functioning of soil organisms to support their conservation and consideration by governance. These macroecological analyses need to represent the diversity of environmental conditions that can be found worldwide. Here we identify and characterize existing environmental gaps in soil taxa and ecosystem functioning data across soil macroecological studies and 17,186 sampling sites across the globe. These data gaps include important spatial, environmental, taxonomic, and functional gaps, and an almost complete absence of temporally explicit data. We also identify the limitations of soil macroecological studies to explore general patterns in soil biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships, with only 0.3% of all sampling sites having both information about biodiversity and function, although with different taxonomic groups and functions at each site. Based on this information, we provide clear priorities to support and expand soil macroecological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Guerra
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany. .,Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle Wittenberg, Am Kirchtor 1, 06108, Halle(Saale), Germany.
| | - Anna Heintz-Buschart
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06108, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Johannes Sikorski
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Antonis Chatzinotas
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Microbiology, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nathaly Guerrero-Ramírez
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Simone Cesarz
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Léa Beaumelle
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias C Rillig
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institut für Biologie, Altensteinstr. 6, 14195, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Altensteinstr. 34, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fernando T Maestre
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán Sin Número, Móstoles, 28933, Spain.,Departamento de Ecología and Instituto Multidisciplinar para el Estudio del Medio "Ramón Margalef, Universidad de Alicante, Carretera de San Vicente del Raspeig s/n, 03690 San Vicente del Raspeig, Alicante, Spain
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Departamento de Biología y Geología, Física y Química Inorgánica, Escuela Superior de Ciencias Experimentales y Tecnología, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán Sin Número, Móstoles, 28933, Spain
| | - François Buscot
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Soil Ecology, 06108, Halle(Saale), Germany
| | - Jörg Overmann
- Leibniz-Institut DSMZ-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Braunschweig, Germany.,Microbiology, Braunschweig University of Technology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Guillaume Patoine
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Helen R P Phillips
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tesfaye Wubet
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Community Ecology, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kirsten Küsel
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biodiversity, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Dornburger-Straße 159, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Richard D Bardgett
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Erin K Cameron
- Department of Environmental Science, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Don Cowan
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Tine Grebenc
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, Večna pot 2, SI-1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - César Marín
- Instituto de Ciencias Agronómicas y Veterinarias, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile.,Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | | | - Brajesh K Singh
- Hawkesbury Institute for the environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia.,Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, 2751, Australia
| | - Diana H Wall
- School of Global Environmental Sustainability and Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1036, USA
| | - Nico Eisenhauer
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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30
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Inorganic Nitrogen Addition Affects Soil Respiration and Belowground Organic Carbon Fraction for a Pinus tabuliformis Forest. FORESTS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/f10050369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The capability of forest ecosystems to sequester carbon from the atmosphere largely depends on the interaction of soil organic matter and nitrogen, and thus, this process will be greatly influenced by nitrogen deposition under the future scenario of global change. To clarify this interaction, the current study explored the variations in soil carbon fraction and soil respiration with different levels of nitrogen deposition. NH4NO3 was added at concentrations of 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 kg N ha−1 year−1 separately on twenty 100 m2 plots in a Pinus tabuliformis Carr forest in northern China. Soil samples were analyzed for their nutrient content and biophysical properties two years after nitrogen application, and the soil respiration rate was measured every month during the study period. Seasonal variation and nitrogen addition significantly affected soil respiration rate. On average, nitrogen addition significantly reduced the annual soil respiration rate by 23.74%. Fine root biomass significantly decreased by an average of 43.55% in nitrogen treatment plots compared to the control plot. However, the average proportions of autumn and winter soil respiration rates out of the annual cumulative soil respiration rate greatly increased from 23.57% and 11.04% to 25.90% and 12.18%, respectively. The soil microbial biomass carbon content in the control plot was 342.39 mg kg−1, 23.50% higher than the average value in nitrogen treatment plots. The soil dissolved organic carbon was reduced by 22.60%, on average, following nitrogen addition. Significant correlations were detected between fine root biomass and the annual cumulative soil respiration rate, soil microbial biomass carbon content, and soil dissolved organic carbon content. This demonstrates that nitrogen addition affects soil organic carbon transformation and carbon emission, mainly by depressing fine root production.
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31
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Han C, Yu R, Lu X, Duan L, Singh VP, Liu T. Interactive effects of hydrological conditions on soil respiration in China's Horqin sandy land: An example of dune-meadow cascade ecosystem. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 651:3053-3063. [PMID: 30463155 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Revised: 10/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Soil moisture (Ms) strongly influences dynamic changes in soil respiration (Rs) and is thus an important factor when predicting soil carbon emissions. However, the various sources of Ms (rainfall, groundwater, and condensation) exert complicated and uncertain effects on Rs. This study examined the growth seasonal variation (from April to October) of Rs and the diurnal variation in a cascade ecosystem consisting of sandy bare ground, a transitional artificial Populus forest, and a meadow Phragmites communis community in China's Horqin sandy land. Simultaneous measurements of the 0-10 cm depth soil temperature (Ts) and Ms, rainfall, the surface air relative humidity and the groundwater depth were collected. The results revealed that in sandy bare ground with Ms below field capacity, Ms had a greater impact on Rs than Ts, and rainfall could increase Rs. The effect of condensation on Rs during periods of continuous drought could not be ignored. In the meadowlands with Ms above field capacity, the groundwater affected Rs indirectly by regulating Ms and the relationship with Ts, and rainfall had an adverse effect on Rs. The effects of rainfall, Ms and Ts on Rs were minimum as Ms approached the saturation water content. In the transitional forest, Ms and Ts were the main factors controlling Rs. The most favorable Ms for Rs was close to the field capacity. The results emphasize that field capacity and saturation water content are the demarcation points of a soil carbon emissions prediction model, and the effect of different hydrological conditions and Ts on Rs at each segment are reconsidered accordingly. Ultimately, the carbon emission patterns of the cascade ecosystems in arid and semi-arid areas are extremely complicated and have to be considered specially for estimating terrestrial carbon emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxue Han
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Ruihong Yu
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China.
| | - Xixi Lu
- Inner Mongolia Key Lab of River and Lake Ecology, School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China; Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119260, Singapore
| | - Limin Duan
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Vijay P Singh
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering & Zachry Department of Civil Engineering, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Tingxi Liu
- Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China; Inner Mongolia Water Resource Protection and Utilization Key Laboratory, Hohhot 010018, China.
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32
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Environmental and Vegetative Controls on Soil CO2 Efflux in Three Semiarid Ecosystems. SOIL SYSTEMS 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems3010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soil CO2 efflux (Fsoil) is a major component of the ecosystem carbon balance. Globally expansive semiarid ecosystems have been shown to influence the trend and interannual variability of the terrestrial carbon sink. Modeling Fsoil in water-limited ecosystems remains relatively difficult due to high spatial and temporal variability associated with dynamics in moisture availability and biological activity. Measurements of the processes underlying variability in Fsoil can help evaluate Fsoil models for water-limited ecosystems. Here we combine automated soil chamber and flux tower data with models to investigate how soil temperature (Ts), soil moisture (θ), and gross ecosystem photosynthesis (GEP) control Fsoil in semiarid ecosystems with similar climates and different vegetation types. Across grassland, shrubland, and savanna sites, θ regulated the relationship between Fsoil and Ts, and GEP influenced Fsoil magnitude. Thus, the combination of Ts, θ, and GEP controlled rates and patterns of Fsoil. In a root exclusion experiment at the grassland, we found that growing season autotrophic respiration accounted for 45% of Fsoil. Our modeling results indicate that a combination of Ts, θ, and GEP terms is required to model spatial and temporal dynamics in Fsoil, particularly in deeper-rooted shrublands and savannas where coupling between GEP and shallow θ is weaker than in grasslands. Together, these results highlight that including θ and GEP in Fsoil models can help reduce uncertainty in semiarid ecosystem carbon dynamics.
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33
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SCFSen: A Sensor Node for Regional Soil Carbon Flux Monitoring. SENSORS 2018; 18:s18113986. [PMID: 30453497 PMCID: PMC6263711 DOI: 10.3390/s18113986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Estimation of regional soil carbon flux is very important for the study of the global carbon cycle. The spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration prevents the actual status of regional soil carbon flux from being revealed by measurements of only one or a few spatial sampling positions, which are usually used by traditional studies for the limitation of measurement instruments, so measuring in many spatial positions is very necessary. However, the existing instruments are expensive and cannot communicate with each other, which prevents them from meeting the requirement of synchronous measurements in multiple positions. Therefore, we designed and implemented an instrument for soil carbon flux measuring based on dynamic chamber method, SCFSen, which can measure soil carbon flux and communicate with each other to construct a sensor network. In its working stage, a SCFSen node measures the concentration of carbon in the chamber with an infrared carbon dioxide sensor for certain times periodically, and then the changing rate of the measurements is calculated, which can be converted to the corresponding value of soil carbon flux in the position during the short period. A wireless sensor network system using SCFSens as soil carbon flux sensing nodes can carry out multi-position measurements synchronously, so as to obtain the spatial heterogeneity of soil respiration. Furthermore, the sustainability of such a wireless sensor network system makes the temporal variability of regional soil carbon flux can also be obtained. So SCFSen makes thorough monitoring and accurate estimation of regional soil carbon flux become more feasible.
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34
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Jian J, Steele MK, Thomas RQ, Day SD, Hodges SC. Constraining estimates of global soil respiration by quantifying sources of variability. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2018; 24:4143-4159. [PMID: 29749095 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying global soil respiration (RSG ) and its response to temperature change are critical for predicting the turnover of terrestrial carbon stocks and their feedbacks to climate change. Currently, estimates of RSG range from 68 to 98 Pg C year-1 , causing considerable uncertainty in the global carbon budget. We argue the source of this variability lies in the upscaling assumptions regarding the model format, data timescales, and precipitation component. To quantify the variability and constrain RSG , we developed RSG models using Random Forest and exponential models, and used different timescales (daily, monthly, and annual) of soil respiration (RS ) and climate data to predict RSG . From the resulting RSG estimates (range = 66.62-100.72 Pg), we calculated variability associated with each assumption. Among model formats, using monthly RS data rather than annual data decreased RSG by 7.43-9.46 Pg; however, RSG calculated from daily RS data was only 1.83 Pg lower than the RSG from monthly data. Using mean annual precipitation and temperature data instead of monthly data caused +4.84 and -4.36 Pg C differences, respectively. If the timescale of RS data is constant, RSG estimated by the first-order exponential (93.2 Pg) was greater than the Random Forest (78.76 Pg) or second-order exponential (76.18 Pg) estimates. These results highlight the importance of variation at subannual timescales for upscaling to RSG. The results indicated RSG is lower than in recent papers and the current benchmark for land models (98 Pg C year-1 ), and thus may change the predicted rates of terrestrial carbon turnover and the carbon to climate feedback as global temperatures rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshi Jian
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Meredith K Steele
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - R Quinn Thomas
- Department of Forest Resources & Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Susan D Day
- Department of Forest Resources & Environmental Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
- Department of Horticulture, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
| | - Steven C Hodges
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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35
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Bond-Lamberty B, Bailey VL, Chen M, Gough CM, Vargas R. Globally rising soil heterotrophic respiration over recent decades. Nature 2018; 560:80-83. [PMID: 30068952 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0358-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Global soils store at least twice as much carbon as Earth's atmosphere1,2. The global soil-to-atmosphere (or total soil respiration, RS) carbon dioxide (CO2) flux is increasing3,4, but the degree to which climate change will stimulate carbon losses from soils as a result of heterotrophic respiration (RH) remains highly uncertain5-8. Here we use an updated global soil respiration database9 to show that the observed soil surface RH:RS ratio increased significantly, from 0.54 to 0.63, between 1990 and 2014 (P = 0.009). Three additional lines of evidence provide support for this finding. By analysing two separate global gross primary production datasets10,11, we find that the ratios of both RH and RS to gross primary production have increased over time. Similarly, significant increases in RH are observed against the longest available solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence global dataset, as well as gross primary production computed by an ensemble of global land models. We also show that the ratio of night-time net ecosystem exchange to gross primary production is rising across the FLUXNET201512 dataset. All trends are robust to sampling variability in ecosystem type, disturbance, methodology, CO2 fertilization effects and mean climate. Taken together, our findings provide observational evidence that global RH is rising, probably in response to environmental changes, consistent with meta-analyses13-16 and long-term experiments17. This suggests that climate-driven losses of soil carbon are currently occurring across many ecosystems, with a detectable and sustained trend emerging at the global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
| | - Vanessa L Bailey
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland-College Park, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Rodrigo Vargas
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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36
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Britto DT, Wilhelm C, Kronzucker HJ. From biochemical pathways to the agro-ecological scale: Carbon capture in a changing climate. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 203:1-2. [PMID: 27644583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2016.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D T Britto
- University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - C Wilhelm
- University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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