1
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Yan Y, Piao S, Hammond WM, Chen A, Hong S, Xu H, Munson SM, Myneni RB, Allen CD. Climate-induced tree-mortality pulses are obscured by broad-scale and long-term greening. Nat Ecol Evol 2024:10.1038/s41559-024-02372-1. [PMID: 38467712 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-024-02372-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Vegetation greening has been suggested to be a dominant trend over recent decades, but severe pulses of tree mortality in forests after droughts and heatwaves have also been extensively reported. These observations raise the question of to what extent the observed severe pulses of tree mortality induced by climate could affect overall vegetation greenness across spatial grains and temporal extents. To address this issue, here we analyse three satellite-based datasets of detrended growing-season normalized difference vegetation index (NDVIGS) with spatial resolutions ranging from 30 m to 8 km for 1,303 field-documented sites experiencing severe drought- or heat-induced tree-mortality events around the globe. We find that severe tree-mortality events have distinctive but localized imprints on vegetation greenness over annual timescales, which are obscured by broad-scale and long-term greening. Specifically, although anomalies in NDVIGS (ΔNDVI) are negative during tree-mortality years, this reduction diminishes at coarser spatial resolutions (that is, 250 m and 8 km). Notably, tree-mortality-induced reductions in NDVIGS (|ΔNDVI|) at 30-m resolution are negatively related to native plant species richness and forest height, whereas topographic heterogeneity is the major factor affecting ΔNDVI differences across various spatial grain sizes. Over time periods of a decade or longer, greening consistently dominates all spatial resolutions. The findings underscore the fundamental importance of spatio-temporal scales for cohesively understanding the effects of climate change on forest productivity and tree mortality under both gradual and abrupt changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchao Yan
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - William M Hammond
- Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, Agronomy Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Songbai Hong
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Seth M Munson
- U.S. Geological Survey, Southwest Biological Science Center, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Craig D Allen
- Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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2
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Meng F, Hong S, Wang J, Chen A, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Janssens IA, Mao J, Myneni RB, Peñuelas J, Piao S. Climate change increases carbon allocation to leaves in early leaf green-up. Ecol Lett 2023; 26:816-826. [PMID: 36958943 DOI: 10.1111/ele.14205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
Global greening, characterized by an increase in leaf area index (LAI), implies an increase in foliar carbon (C). Whether this increase in foliar C under climate change is due to higher photosynthesis or to higher allocation of C to leaves remains unknown. Here, we explored the trends in foliar C accumulation and allocation during leaf green-up from 2000 to 2017 using satellite-derived LAI and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) across the Northern Hemisphere. The accumulation of foliar C accelerated in the early green-up period due to both increased photosynthesis and higher foliar C allocation driven by climate change. In the late stage of green-up, however, we detected decreasing trends in foliar C accumulation and foliar C allocation. Such stage-dependent trends in the accumulation and allocation of foliar C are not represented in current terrestrial biosphere models. Our results highlight that a better representation of C allocation should be incorporated into models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fandong Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Songbai Hong
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiawei Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yichen Zhang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Environmental Sciences Division and Climate Change Science Institute, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola de Vallès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shilong Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System and Resources Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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3
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Zhao Q, Zhu Z, Zeng H, Myneni RB, Zhang Y, Peñuelas J, Piao S. Publisher Correction: Seasonal peak photosynthesis is hindered by late canopy development in northern ecosystems. Nat Plants 2023; 9:192. [PMID: 36631568 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-023-01342-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaichun Zhu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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4
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Zhao Q, Zhu Z, Zeng H, Myneni RB, Zhang Y, Peñuelas J, Piao S. Seasonal peak photosynthesis is hindered by late canopy development in northern ecosystems. Nat Plants 2022; 8:1484-1492. [PMID: 36482207 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-022-01278-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The seasonal dynamics of the vegetation canopy strongly regulate the surface energy balance and terrestrial carbon fluxes, providing feedbacks to climate change. Whether the seasonal timing of maximum canopy structure was optimized to achieve a maximum photosynthetic carbon uptake is still not clear due to the complex interactions between abiotic and biotic factors. We used two solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence datasets as proxies for photosynthesis and the normalized difference vegetation index and leaf area index products derived from the moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer as proxies for canopy structure, to characterize the connection between their seasonal peak timings from 2000 to 2018. We found that the seasonal peak was earlier for photosynthesis than for canopy structure in >87.5% of the northern vegetated area, probably leading to a suboptimal maximum seasonal photosynthesis. This mismatch in peak timing significantly increased during the study period, mainly due to the increasing atmospheric CO2, and its spatial variation was mainly explained by climatic variables (43.7%) and nutrient limitations (29.6%). State-of-the-art ecosystem models overestimated this mismatch in peak timing by simulating a delayed seasonal peak of canopy development. These results highlight the importance of incorporating the mechanisms of vegetation canopy dynamics to accurately predict the maximum potential terrestrial uptake of carbon under global environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zaichun Zhu
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- School of Urban Planning and Design, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Human-Earth Relations, Ministry of Natural Resources of China, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Carbon Neutrality, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System, Resources and Environment (TPESRE), Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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5
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Zhu Z, Zeng H, Myneni RB, Chen C, Zhao Q, Zha J, Zhan S, MacLachlan I. Comment on "Recent global decline of CO 2 fertilization effects on vegetation photosynthesis". Science 2021; 373:eabg5673. [PMID: 34554772 DOI: 10.1126/science.abg5673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaichun Zhu
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Zeng
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.,Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Qian Zhao
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Junjun Zha
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Simin Zhan
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
| | - Ian MacLachlan
- Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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6
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Lian X, Piao S, Chen A, Wang K, Li X, Buermann W, Huntingford C, Peñuelas J, Xu H, Myneni RB. Seasonal biological carryover dominates northern vegetation growth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:983. [PMID: 33579949 PMCID: PMC7881040 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21223-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The state of ecosystems is influenced strongly by their past, and describing this carryover effect is important to accurately forecast their future behaviors. However, the strength and persistence of this carryover effect on ecosystem dynamics in comparison to that of simultaneous environmental drivers are still poorly understood. Here, we show that vegetation growth carryover (VGC), defined as the effect of present states of vegetation on subsequent growth, exerts strong positive impacts on seasonal vegetation growth over the Northern Hemisphere. In particular, this VGC of early growing-season vegetation growth is even stronger than past and co-occurring climate on determining peak-to-late season vegetation growth, and is the primary contributor to the recently observed annual greening trend. The effect of seasonal VGC persists into the subsequent year but not further. Current process-based ecosystem models greatly underestimate the VGC effect, and may therefore underestimate the CO2 sequestration potential of northern vegetation under future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lian
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Biology and Graduate Degree Program in Ecology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wolfgang Buermann
- Institute of Geography, Augsburg University, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Hao Xu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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7
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Hashimoto H, Wang W, Dungan JL, Li S, Michaelis AR, Takenaka H, Higuchi A, Myneni RB, Nemani RR. New generation geostationary satellite observations support seasonality in greenness of the Amazon evergreen forests. Nat Commun 2021; 12:684. [PMID: 33514721 PMCID: PMC7846599 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20994-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Assessing the seasonal patterns of the Amazon rainforests has been difficult because of the paucity of ground observations and persistent cloud cover over these forests obscuring optical remote sensing observations. Here, we use data from a new generation of geostationary satellites that carry the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI) to study the Amazon canopy. ABI is similar to the widely used polar orbiting sensor, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), but provides observations every 10-15 min. Our analysis of NDVI data collected over the Amazon during 2018-19 shows that ABI provides 21-35 times more cloud-free observations in a month than MODIS. The analyses show statistically significant changes in seasonality over 85% of Amazon forest pixels, an area about three times greater than previously reported using MODIS data. Though additional work is needed in converting the observed changes in seasonality into meaningful changes in canopy dynamics, our results highlight the potential of the new generation geostationary satellites to help us better understand tropical ecosystems, which has been a challenge with only polar orbiting satellites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hashimoto
- grid.253562.50000 0004 0385 7165Department of Applied Environmental Science, California State University – Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA USA ,grid.419075.e0000 0001 1955 7990NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA
| | - Weile Wang
- grid.253562.50000 0004 0385 7165Department of Applied Environmental Science, California State University – Monterey Bay, Seaside, CA USA ,grid.419075.e0000 0001 1955 7990NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA
| | - Jennifer L. Dungan
- grid.419075.e0000 0001 1955 7990NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA
| | - Shuang Li
- grid.494625.80000 0004 1771 8625Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory of Geographic State Monitoring of Watershed, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang, China
| | - Andrew R. Michaelis
- grid.419075.e0000 0001 1955 7990NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA USA ,grid.426886.6Bay Area Environmental Research Institute, Moffett Field, CA USA
| | - Hideaki Takenaka
- JAXA Earth Observation Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki Japan ,grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba Japan
| | - Atsushi Higuchi
- grid.136304.30000 0004 0370 1101Center for Environmental Remote Sensing, Chiba University, Chiba-shi, Chiba Japan
| | - Ranga B. Myneni
- grid.189504.10000 0004 1936 7558Earth & Environment Department, Boston University, Boston, MA USA
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8
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Chen C, Li D, Li Y, Piao S, Wang X, Huang M, Gentine P, Nemani RR, Myneni RB. Biophysical impacts of Earth greening largely controlled by aerodynamic resistance. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/47/eabb1981. [PMID: 33219018 PMCID: PMC7679158 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb1981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Satellite observations show widespread increasing trends of leaf area index (LAI), known as the Earth greening. However, the biophysical impacts of this greening on land surface temperature (LST) remain unclear. Here, we quantify the biophysical impacts of Earth greening on LST from 2000 to 2014 and disentangle the contributions of different factors using a physically based attribution model. We find that 93% of the global vegetated area shows negative sensitivity of LST to LAI increase at the annual scale, especially for semiarid woody vegetation. Further considering the LAI trends (P ≤ 0.1), 30% of the global vegetated area is cooled by these trends and 5% is warmed. Aerodynamic resistance is the dominant factor in controlling Earth greening's biophysical impacts: The increase in LAI produces a decrease in aerodynamic resistance, thereby favoring increased turbulent heat transfer between the land and the atmosphere, especially latent heat flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Yue Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Maoyi Huang
- Atmospheric Sciences and Global Change Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA 99352, USA
| | - Pierre Gentine
- Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | | | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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9
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Huang N, Wang L, Song XP, Black TA, Jassal RS, Myneni RB, Wu C, Wang L, Song W, Ji D, Yu S, Niu Z. Spatial and temporal variations in global soil respiration and their relationships with climate and land cover. Sci Adv 2020; 6:6/41/eabb8508. [PMID: 33028522 PMCID: PMC7541079 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abb8508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration (R s) represents the largest flux of CO2 from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere, but its spatial and temporal changes as well as the driving forces are not well understood. We derived a product of annual global R s from 2000 to 2014 at 1 km by 1 km spatial resolution using remote sensing data and biome-specific statistical models. Different from the existing view that climate change dominated changes in R s, we showed that land-cover change played a more important role in regulating R s changes in temperate and boreal regions during 2000-2014. Significant changes in R s occurred more frequently in areas with significant changes in short vegetation cover (i.e., all vegetation shorter than 5 m in height) than in areas with significant climate change. These results contribute to our understanding of global R s patterns and highlight the importance of land-cover change in driving global and regional R s changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ni Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiao-Peng Song
- Department of Geosciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - T Andrew Black
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Rachhpal S Jassal
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chaoyang Wu
- The Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Wanjuan Song
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Dabin Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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10
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Lian X, Piao S, Li LZX, Li Y, Huntingford C, Ciais P, Cescatti A, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J, Buermann W, Chen A, Li X, Myneni RB, Wang X, Wang Y, Yang Y, Zeng Z, Zhang Y, McVicar TR. Summer soil drying exacerbated by earlier spring greening of northern vegetation. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaax0255. [PMID: 31922002 PMCID: PMC6941915 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aax0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Earlier vegetation greening under climate change raises evapotranspiration and thus lowers spring soil moisture, yet the extent and magnitude of this water deficit persistence into the following summer remain elusive. We provide observational evidence that increased foliage cover over the Northern Hemisphere, during 1982-2011, triggers an additional soil moisture deficit that is further carried over into summer. Climate model simulations independently support this and attribute the driving process to be larger increases in evapotranspiration than in precipitation. This extra soil drying is projected to amplify the frequency and intensity of summer heatwaves. Most feedbacks operate locally, except for a notable teleconnection where extra moisture transpired over Europe is transported to central Siberia. Model results illustrate that this teleconnection offsets Siberian soil moisture losses from local spring greening. Our results highlight that climate change adaptation planning must account for the extra summer water and heatwave stress inherited from warming-induced earlier greening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lian
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Laurent Z. X. Li
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Polytechnique, Paris, France
| | - Yue Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chris Huntingford
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BB, UK
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Alessandro Cescatti
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Directorate for Sustainable Resources, I-21027 Ispra (Varese), Italy
| | - Ivan A. Janssens
- Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, Wilrijk 2610, Belgium
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia 08193, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Buermann
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Department of Geography, University of Augsburg, 86159 Augsburg, Germany
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 46907, USA
| | - Xiangyi Li
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ranga B. Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Yilong Wang
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Yuting Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongqiang Zhang
- Key Lab of Water Cycle and Related Land Surface Processes, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tim R. McVicar
- CSIRO Land and Water, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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11
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Fan L, Wigneron JP, Ciais P, Chave J, Brandt M, Fensholt R, Saatchi SS, Bastos A, Al-Yaari A, Hufkens K, Qin Y, Xiao X, Chen C, Myneni RB, Fernandez-Moran R, Mialon A, Rodriguez-Fernandez NJ, Kerr Y, Tian F, Peñuelas J. Satellite-observed pantropical carbon dynamics. Nat Plants 2019; 5:944-951. [PMID: 31358958 DOI: 10.1038/s41477-019-0478-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Changes in terrestrial tropical carbon stocks have an important role in the global carbon budget. However, current observational tools do not allow accurate and large-scale monitoring of the spatial distribution and dynamics of carbon stocks1. Here, we used low-frequency L-band passive microwave observations to compute a direct and spatially explicit quantification of annual aboveground carbon (AGC) fluxes and show that the tropical net AGC budget was approximately in balance during 2010 to 2017, the net budget being composed of gross losses of -2.86 PgC yr-1 offset by gross gains of -2.97 PgC yr-1 between continents. Large interannual and spatial fluctuations of tropical AGC were quantified during the wet 2011 La Niña year and throughout the extreme dry and warm 2015-2016 El Niño episode. These interannual fluctuations, controlled predominantly by semiarid biomes, were shown to be closely related to independent global atmospheric CO2 growth-rate anomalies (Pearson's r = 0.86), highlighting the pivotal role of tropical AGC in the global carbon budget.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Fan
- School of Geographical Sciences, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ/Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Jérôme Chave
- Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sassan S Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Institute of the Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ana Bastos
- Department of Geography, Ludwig-Maximilians Universität, Munich, Germany
| | - Amen Al-Yaari
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
| | - Koen Hufkens
- ISPA, UMR 1391, INRA Nouvelle-Aquitaine, Villenave d'Ornon, France
- Department of Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Yuanwei Qin
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xiangming Xiao
- Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, Center for Spatial Analysis, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/INRA/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Feng Tian
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
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12
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Park T, Chen C, Macias-Fauria M, Tømmervik H, Choi S, Winkler A, Bhatt US, Walker DA, Piao S, Brovkin V, Nemani RR, Myneni RB. Changes in timing of seasonal peak photosynthetic activity in northern ecosystems. Glob Chang Biol 2019; 25:2382-2395. [PMID: 30943321 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.14638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Seasonality in photosynthetic activity is a critical component of seasonal carbon, water, and energy cycles in the Earth system. This characteristic is a consequence of plant's adaptive evolutionary processes to a given set of environmental conditions. Changing climate in northern lands (>30°N) alters the state of climatic constraints on plant growth, and therefore, changes in the seasonality and carbon accumulation are anticipated. However, how photosynthetic seasonality evolved to its current state, and what role climatic constraints and their variability played in this process and ultimately in carbon cycle is still poorly understood due to its complexity. Here, we take the "laws of minimum" as a basis and introduce a new framework where the timing (day of year) of peak photosynthetic activity (DOYPmax ) acts as a proxy for plant's adaptive state to climatic constraints on its growth. Our analyses confirm that spatial variations in DOYPmax reflect spatial gradients in climatic constraints as well as seasonal maximum and total productivity. We find a widespread warming-induced advance in DOYPmax (-1.66 ± 0.30 days/decade, p < 0.001) across northern lands, indicating a spatiotemporal dynamism of climatic constraints to plant growth. We show that the observed changes in DOYPmax are associated with an increase in total gross primary productivity through enhanced carbon assimilation early in the growing season, which leads to an earlier phase shift in land-atmosphere carbon fluxes and an increase in their amplitude. Such changes are expected to continue in the future based on our analysis of earth system model projections. Our study provides a simplified, yet realistic framework based on first principles for the complex mechanisms by which various climatic factors constrain plant growth in northern ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taejin Park
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marc Macias-Fauria
- School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Hans Tømmervik
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, FRAM - High North Research Centre for Climate and the Environment, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Sungho Choi
- Rhombus Power Inc., NASA Ames Research Park, Moffett Field, California
| | - Alexander Winkler
- Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany
- International Max-Planck Research School for Earth System Modeling, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Uma S Bhatt
- Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Donald A Walker
- Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska
| | - Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Huang M, Piao S, Ciais P, Peñuelas J, Wang X, Keenan TF, Peng S, Berry JA, Wang K, Mao J, Alkama R, Cescatti A, Cuntz M, De Deurwaerder H, Gao M, He Y, Liu Y, Luo Y, Myneni RB, Niu S, Shi X, Yuan W, Verbeeck H, Wang T, Wu J, Janssens IA. Air temperature optima of vegetation productivity across global biomes. Nat Ecol Evol 2019; 3:772-779. [PMID: 30858592 PMCID: PMC6491223 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-019-0838-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The global distribution of the optimum air temperature for ecosystem-level gross primary productivity ([Formula: see text]) is poorly understood, despite its importance for ecosystem carbon uptake under future warming. We provide empirical evidence for the existence of such an optimum, using measurements of in situ eddy covariance and satellite-derived proxies, and report its global distribution. [Formula: see text] is consistently lower than the physiological optimum temperature of leaf-level photosynthetic capacity, which typically exceeds 30 °C. The global average [Formula: see text] is estimated to be 23 ± 6 °C, with warmer regions having higher [Formula: see text] values than colder regions. In tropical forests in particular, [Formula: see text] is close to growing-season air temperature and is projected to fall below it under all scenarios of future climate, suggesting a limited safe operating space for these ecosystems under future warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengtian Huang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- Centre for Research on Ecology and Forestry Applications, Barcelona, Spain
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Trevor F Keenan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Department of Environmental Science Policy and Management, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Joseph A Berry
- Department of Global Ecology, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kai Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiafu Mao
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ramdane Alkama
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | | | - Matthias Cuntz
- Université de Lorraine, INRA, AgroParisTech, UMR Silva, Nancy, France
| | - Hannes De Deurwaerder
- CAVElab Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Mengdi Gao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongwen Liu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yiqi Luo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shuli Niu
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Shi
- Climate Change Science Institute and Environmental Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Wenping Yuan
- School of Atmospheric Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hans Verbeeck
- CAVElab Computational and Applied Vegetation Ecology, Ghent University, Gent, Belgium
| | - Tao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Environmental and Climate Sciences Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Ivan A Janssens
- Centre of Excellence - Plants and Vegetation Ecology, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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14
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Chen C, Park T, Wang X, Piao S, Xu B, Chaturvedi RK, Fuchs R, Brovkin V, Ciais P, Fensholt R, Tømmervik H, Bala G, Zhu Z, Nemani RR, Myneni RB. China and India lead in greening of the world through land-use management. Nat Sustain 2019; 2:122-129. [PMID: 30778399 PMCID: PMC6376198 DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 496] [Impact Index Per Article: 99.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Satellite data show increasing leaf area of vegetation due to direct (human land-use management) and indirect factors (climate change, CO2 fertilization, nitrogen deposition, recovery from natural disturbances, etc.). Among these, climate change and CO2 fertilization effect seem to be the dominant drivers. However, recent satellite data (2000-2017) reveal a greening pattern that is strikingly prominent in China and India, and overlapping with croplands world-wide. China alone accounts for 25% of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6% of global vegetated area. The greening in China is from forests (42%) and croplands (32%), but in India is mostly from croplands (82%) with minor contribution from forests (4.4%). China is engineering ambitious programs to conserve and expand forests with the goal of mitigating land degradation, air pollution and climate change. Food production in China and India has increased by over 35% since 2000 mostly due to increasing harvested area through multiple cropping facilitated by fertilizer use and surface/ground-water irrigation. Our results indicate that the direct factor is a key driver of the "Greening Earth", accounting for over a third, and likely more, of the observed net increase in green leaf area. They highlight the need for realistic representation of human land-use practices in Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Taejin Park
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Baodong Xu
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- College of Resource and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, 1 Shizishan Street, Wuhan 430070, China
| | | | - Richard Fuchs
- Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82467 Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Victor Brovkin
- Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology, Bundesstrasse 53, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement/IPSL, CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Université Paris Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Tømmervik
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Fram Centre, 9296 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Govindasamy Bala
- Center for Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka 560012, India
| | - Zaichun Zhu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Circular Economy, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | | | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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15
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Tian F, Wigneron JP, Ciais P, Chave J, Ogée J, Peñuelas J, Ræbild A, Domec JC, Tong X, Brandt M, Mialon A, Rodriguez-Fernandez N, Tagesson T, Al-Yaari A, Kerr Y, Chen C, Myneni RB, Zhang W, Ardö J, Fensholt R. Coupling of ecosystem-scale plant water storage and leaf phenology observed by satellite. Nat Ecol Evol 2018; 2:1428-1435. [PMID: 30104750 DOI: 10.1038/s41559-018-0630-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Plant water storage is fundamental to the functioning of terrestrial ecosystems by participating in plant metabolism, nutrient and sugar transport, and maintenance of the integrity of the hydraulic system of the plant. However, a global view of the size and dynamics of the water pools stored in plant tissues is still lacking. Here, we report global patterns of seasonal variations in ecosystem-scale plant water storage and their relationship with leaf phenology, based on space-borne measurements of L-band vegetation optical depth. We find that seasonal variations in plant water storage are highly synchronous with leaf phenology for the boreal and temperate forests, but asynchronous for the tropical woodlands, where the seasonal development of plant water storage lags behind leaf area by up to 180 days. Contrasting patterns of the time lag between plant water storage and terrestrial groundwater storage are also evident in these ecosystems. A comparison of the water cycle components in seasonally dry tropical woodlands highlights the buffering effect of plant water storage on the seasonal dynamics of water supply and demand. Our results offer insights into ecosystem-scale plant water relations globally and provide a basis for an improved parameterization of eco-hydrological and Earth system models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tian
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden. .,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | | | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA/CNRS/UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jérôme Chave
- UMR 5174 Laboratoire Evolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Spain.,CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Anders Ræbild
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Xiaoye Tong
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Brandt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Arnaud Mialon
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Torbern Tagesson
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Yann Kerr
- CESBIO, Université de Toulouse, CNES/CNRS/IRD/UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wenmin Zhang
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Ardö
- Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Rasmus Fensholt
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Yang Y, Saatchi SS, Xu L, Yu Y, Choi S, Phillips N, Kennedy R, Keller M, Knyazikhin Y, Myneni RB. Post-drought decline of the Amazon carbon sink. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3172. [PMID: 30093640 PMCID: PMC6085357 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05668-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amazon forests have experienced frequent and severe droughts in the past two decades. However, little is known about the large-scale legacy of droughts on carbon stocks and dynamics of forests. Using systematic sampling of forest structure measured by LiDAR waveforms from 2003 to 2008, here we show a significant loss of carbon over the entire Amazon basin at a rate of 0.3 ± 0.2 (95% CI) PgC yr−1 after the 2005 mega-drought, which continued persistently over the next 3 years (2005–2008). The changes in forest structure, captured by average LiDAR forest height and converted to above ground biomass carbon density, show an average loss of 2.35 ± 1.80 MgC ha−1 a year after (2006) in the epicenter of the drought. With more frequent droughts expected in future, forests of Amazon may lose their role as a robust sink of carbon, leading to a significant positive climate feedback and exacerbating warming trends. Forests of the Amazon Basin have experienced frequent and severe droughts in recent years with significant impacts on their carbon cycling. Here, using satellite LiDAR samples from 2003 to 2008, the authors show the long-term legacy of these droughts with persistent loss of carbon stocks after the 2005 drought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. .,Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA. .,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Sassan S Saatchi
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Liang Xu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainability, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Yifan Yu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Sungho Choi
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nathan Phillips
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Robert Kennedy
- Dept. of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Michael Keller
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.,Int. Institute of Tropical Forestry & Int. Programs, USDA Forest Service, Washington, USA
| | - Yuri Knyazikhin
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Zhu Z, Piao S, Lian X, Myneni RB, Peng S, Yang H. Attribution of seasonal leaf area index trends in the northern latitudes with "optimally" integrated ecosystem models. Glob Chang Biol 2017; 23:4798-4813. [PMID: 28417528 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Significant increases in remotely sensed vegetation indices in the northern latitudes since the 1980s have been detected and attributed at annual and growing season scales. However, we presently lack a systematic understanding of how vegetation responds to asymmetric seasonal environmental changes. In this study, we first investigated trends in the seasonal mean leaf area index (LAI) at northern latitudes (north of 30°N) between 1982 and 2009 using three remotely sensed long-term LAI data sets. The most significant LAI increases occurred in summer (0.009 m2 m-2 year-1 , p < .01), followed by autumn (0.005 m2 m-2 year-1 , p < .01) and spring (0.003 m2 m-2 year-1 , p < .01). We then quantified the contribution of elevating atmospheric CO2 concentration (eCO2 ), climate change, nitrogen deposition, and land cover change to seasonal LAI increases based on factorial simulations from 10 state-of-the-art ecosystem models. Unlike previous studies that used multimodel ensemble mean (MME), we used the Bayesian model averaging (BMA) to optimize the integration of model ensemble. The optimally integrated ensemble LAI changes are significantly closer to the observed seasonal LAI changes than the traditional MME results. The BMA factorial simulations suggest that eCO2 provides the greatest contribution to increasing LAI trends in all seasons (0.003-0.007 m2 m-2 year-1 ), and is the main factor driving asymmetric seasonal LAI trends. Climate change controls the spatial pattern of seasonal LAI trends and dominates the increase in seasonal LAI in the northern high latitudes. The effects of nitrogen deposition and land use change are relatively small in all seasons (around 0.0002 m2 m-2 year-1 and 0.0001-0.001 m2 m-2 year-1 , respectively). Our analysis of the seasonal LAI responses to the interactions between seasonal changes in environmental factors offers a new perspective on the response of global vegetation to environmental changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaichun Zhu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Alpine Ecology and Biodiversity, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Lian
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Yang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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18
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Huang M, Piao S, Janssens IA, Zhu Z, Wang T, Wu D, Ciais P, Myneni RB, Peaucelle M, Peng S, Yang H, Peñuelas J. Velocity of change in vegetation productivity over northern high latitudes. Nat Ecol Evol 2017; 1:1649-1654. [DOI: 10.1038/s41559-017-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Yang B, Knyazikhin Y, Mõttus M, Rautiainen M, Stenberg P, Yan L, Chen C, Yan K, Choi S, Park T, Myneni RB. Estimation of leaf area index and its sunlit portion from DSCOVR EPIC data: Theoretical basis. Remote Sens Environ 2017; 198:69-84. [PMID: 28867834 PMCID: PMC5577800 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2017.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the theoretical basis of the algorithm designed for the generation of leaf area index and diurnal course of its sunlit portion from NASA's Earth Polychromatic Imaging Camera (EPIC) onboard NOAA's Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR). The Look-up-Table (LUT) approach implemented in the MODIS operational LAI/FPAR algorithm is adopted. The LUT, which is the heart of the approach, has been significantly modified. First, its parameterization incorporates the canopy hot spot phenomenon and recent advances in the theory of canopy spectral invariants. This allows more accurate decoupling of the structural and radiometric components of the measured Bidirectional Reflectance Factor (BRF), improves scaling properties of the LUT and consequently simplifies adjustments of the algorithm for data spatial resolution and spectral band compositions. Second, the stochastic radiative transfer equations are used to generate the LUT for all biome types. The equations naturally account for radiative effects of the three-dimensional canopy structure on the BRF and allow for an accurate discrimination between sunlit and shaded leaf areas. Third, the LUT entries are measurable, i.e., they can be independently derived from both below canopy measurements of the transmitted and above canopy measurements of reflected radiation fields. This feature makes possible direct validation of the LUT, facilitates identification of its deficiencies and development of refinements. Analyses of field data on canopy structure and leaf optics collected at 18 sites in the Hyytiälä forest in southern boreal zone in Finland and hyperspectral images acquired by the EO-1 Hyperion sensor support the theoretical basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration and 3S Application, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yuri Knyazikhin
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Corresponding author at: Earth and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA., (Y. Knyazikhin)
| | - Matti Mõttus
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, PO Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Miina Rautiainen
- Aalto University, School of Engineering, Department of Built Environment, P.O. Box 14100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Aalto University, School of Electrical Engineering, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, P.O. Box 13000, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Pauline Stenberg
- Department of Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Lei Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Spatial Information Integration and 3S Application, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kai Yan
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- School of Geography, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Sungho Choi
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Taejin Park
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ranga B. Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Yin Y, Ma D, Wu S, Dai E, Zhu Z, Myneni RB. Nonlinear variations of forest leaf area index over China during 1982-2010 based on EEMD method. Int J Biometeorol 2017; 61:977-988. [PMID: 27888339 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-016-1277-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Variations in leaf area index (LAI) are critical to research on forest ecosystem structure and function, especially carbon and water cycle, and their responses to climate change. Using the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and global inventory modeling and mapping studies (GIMMS) LAI3g dataset from 1982 to 2010, we analyzed the nonlinear feature and spatial difference of forest LAI variability over China for the past 29 years in this paper. Results indicated that the national-averaged forest LAI was characterized by quasi-3- and quasi-7-year oscillations, which generally exhibited a rising trend with an increasing rate. When compared with 1982, forest LAI change by 2010 was more evident than that by 1990 and 2000. The largest increment of forest LAI occurred in Central and South China, while along the southeastern coastal areas LAI increased at the fastest pace. During the study period, forest LAI experienced from decrease to increase or vice versa across much of China and varied monotonically for only a few areas. Focusing on regional-averaged trend processes, almost all eco-geographical regions showed continuously increasing trends in forest LAI with different magnitudes and speeds, other than tropical humid region and temperate humid/subhumid region, where LAI decreased initially and increased afterwards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Yin
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Danyang Ma
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shaohong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Erfu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11A, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zaichun Zhu
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, No.5 Yiheyuan Road, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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21
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Reid PC, Hari RE, Beaugrand G, Livingstone DM, Marty C, Straile D, Barichivich J, Goberville E, Adrian R, Aono Y, Brown R, Foster J, Groisman P, Hélaouët P, Hsu H, Kirby R, Knight J, Kraberg A, Li J, Lo T, Myneni RB, North RP, Pounds JA, Sparks T, Stübi R, Tian Y, Wiltshire KH, Xiao D, Zhu Z. Global impacts of the 1980s regime shift. Glob Chang Biol 2016; 22:682-703. [PMID: 26598217 PMCID: PMC4738433 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Despite evidence from a number of Earth systems that abrupt temporal changes known as regime shifts are important, their nature, scale and mechanisms remain poorly documented and understood. Applying principal component analysis, change-point analysis and a sequential t-test analysis of regime shifts to 72 time series, we confirm that the 1980s regime shift represented a major change in the Earth's biophysical systems from the upper atmosphere to the depths of the ocean and from the Arctic to the Antarctic, and occurred at slightly different times around the world. Using historical climate model simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and statistical modelling of historical temperatures, we then demonstrate that this event was triggered by rapid global warming from anthropogenic plus natural forcing, the latter associated with the recovery from the El Chichón volcanic eruption. The shift in temperature that occurred at this time is hypothesized as the main forcing for a cascade of abrupt environmental changes. Within the context of the last century or more, the 1980s event was unique in terms of its global scope and scale; our observed consequences imply that if unavoidable natural events such as major volcanic eruptions interact with anthropogenic warming unforeseen multiplier effects may occur.
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Shen M, Piao S, Jeong SJ, Zhou L, Zeng Z, Ciais P, Chen D, Huang M, Jin CS, Li LZX, Li Y, Myneni RB, Yang K, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Yao T. Evaporative cooling over the Tibetan Plateau induced by vegetation growth. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:9299-304. [PMID: 26170316 PMCID: PMC4522821 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1504418112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Arctic, climate warming enhances vegetation activity by extending the length of the growing season and intensifying maximum rates of productivity. In turn, increased vegetation productivity reduces albedo, which causes a positive feedback on temperature. Over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), regional vegetation greening has also been observed in response to recent warming. Here, we show that in contrast to arctic regions, increased growing season vegetation activity over the TP may have attenuated surface warming. This negative feedback on growing season vegetation temperature is attributed to enhanced evapotranspiration (ET). The extra energy available at the surface, which results from lower albedo, is efficiently dissipated by evaporative cooling. The net effect is a decrease in daily maximum temperature and the diurnal temperature range, which is supported by statistical analyses of in situ observations and by decomposition of the surface energy budget. A daytime cooling effect from increased vegetation activity is also modeled from a set of regional weather research and forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model simulations, but with a magnitude smaller than observed, likely because the WRF model simulates a weaker ET enhancement. Our results suggest that actions to restore native grasslands in degraded areas, roughly one-third of the plateau, will both facilitate a sustainable ecological development in this region and have local climate cobenefits. More accurate simulations of the biophysical coupling between the land surface and the atmosphere are needed to help understand regional climate change over the TP, and possible larger scale feedbacks between climate in the TP and the Asian monsoon system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaogen Shen
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Shilong Piao
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Su-Jong Jeong
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91011
| | - Liming Zhou
- Department of Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Albany, NY 12222
| | - Zhenzhong Zeng
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, UMR 1572 Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique-CNRS, Université de Versailles St-Quentin-en-Yvelines, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Deliang Chen
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenberg, 405 30 Gothenberg, Sweden
| | - Mengtian Huang
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chun-Sil Jin
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, Korea
| | - Laurent Z X Li
- Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, CNRS, Université Pierre et Marie Curie-Paris 6, 75252 Paris, France
| | - Yue Li
- Department of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Kun Yang
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Gengxin Zhang
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yangjian Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Tandong Yao
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
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23
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Piao S, Yin G, Tan J, Cheng L, Huang M, Li Y, Liu R, Mao J, Myneni RB, Peng S, Poulter B, Shi X, Xiao Z, Zeng N, Zeng Z, Wang Y. Detection and attribution of vegetation greening trend in China over the last 30 years. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:1601-9. [PMID: 25369401 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The reliable detection and attribution of changes in vegetation growth is a prerequisite for the development of strategies for the sustainable management of ecosystems. This is an extraordinary challenge. To our knowledge, this study is the first to comprehensively detect and attribute a greening trend in China over the last three decades. We use three different satellite-derived Leaf Area Index (LAI) datasets for detection as well as five different process-based ecosystem models for attribution. Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration and nitrogen deposition are identified as the most likely causes of the greening trend in China, explaining 85% and 41% of the average growing-season LAI trend (LAIGS) estimated by satellite datasets (average trend of 0.0070 yr(-1), ranging from 0.0035 yr(-1) to 0.0127 yr(-1)), respectively. The contribution of nitrogen deposition is more clearly seen in southern China than in the north of the country. Models disagree about the contribution of climate change alone to the trend in LAIGS at the country scale (one model shows a significant increasing trend, whereas two others show significant decreasing trends). However, the models generally agree on the negative impacts of climate change in north China and Inner Mongolia and the positive impact in the Qinghai-Xizang plateau. Provincial forest area change tends to be significantly correlated with the trend of LAIGS (P < 0.05), and marginally significantly (P = 0.07) correlated with the residual of LAIGS trend, calculated as the trend observed by satellite minus that estimated by models through considering the effects of climate change, rising CO2 concentration and nitrogen deposition, across different provinces. This result highlights the important role of China's afforestation program in explaining the spatial patterns of trend in vegetation growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Piao
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China; Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Center for Excellence in Tibetan Earth Scicence, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
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24
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Tan J, Piao S, Chen A, Zeng Z, Ciais P, Janssens IA, Mao J, Myneni RB, Peng S, Peñuelas J, Shi X, Vicca S. Seasonally different response of photosynthetic activity to daytime and night-time warming in the Northern Hemisphere. Glob Chang Biol 2015; 21:377-87. [PMID: 25163596 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/09/2014] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Over the last century the Northern Hemisphere has experienced rapid climate warming, but this warming has not been evenly distributed seasonally, as well as diurnally. The implications of such seasonal and diurnal heterogeneous warming on regional and global vegetation photosynthetic activity, however, are still poorly understood. Here, we investigated for different seasons how photosynthetic activity of vegetation correlates with changes in seasonal daytime and night-time temperature across the Northern Hemisphere (>30°N), using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data from 1982 to 2011 obtained from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR). Our analysis revealed some striking seasonal differences in the response of NDVI to changes in day- vs. night-time temperatures. For instance, while higher daytime temperature (Tmax) is generally associated with higher NDVI values across the boreal zone, the area exhibiting a statistically significant positive correlation between Tmax and NDVI is much larger in spring (41% of area in boreal zone--total area 12.6×10(6) km2) than in summer and autumn (14% and 9%, respectively). In contrast to the predominantly positive response of boreal ecosystems to changes in Tmax, increases in Tmax tended to negatively influence vegetation growth in temperate dry regions, particularly during summer. Changes in night-time temperature (Tmin) correlated negatively with autumnal NDVI in most of the Northern Hemisphere, but had a positive effect on spring and summer NDVI in most temperate regions (e.g., Central North America and Central Asia). Such divergent covariance between the photosynthetic activity of Northern Hemispheric vegetation and day- and night-time temperature changes among different seasons and climate zones suggests a changing dominance of ecophysiological processes across time and space. Understanding the seasonally different responses of vegetation photosynthetic activity to diurnal temperature changes, which have not been captured by current land surface models, is important for improving the performance of next generation regional and global coupled vegetation-climate models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianguang Tan
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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25
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Poulter B, Frank D, Ciais P, Myneni RB, Andela N, Bi J, Broquet G, Canadell JG, Chevallier F, Liu YY, Running SW, Sitch S, van der Werf GR. Contribution of semi-arid ecosystems to interannual variability of the global carbon cycle. Nature 2014; 509:600-3. [PMID: 24847888 DOI: 10.1038/nature13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 374] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The land and ocean act as a sink for fossil-fuel emissions, thereby slowing the rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. Although the uptake of carbon by oceanic and terrestrial processes has kept pace with accelerating carbon dioxide emissions until now, atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations exhibit a large variability on interannual timescales, considered to be driven primarily by terrestrial ecosystem processes dominated by tropical rainforests. We use a terrestrial biogeochemical model, atmospheric carbon dioxide inversion and global carbon budget accounting methods to investigate the evolution of the terrestrial carbon sink over the past 30 years, with a focus on the underlying mechanisms responsible for the exceptionally large land carbon sink reported in 2011 (ref. 2). Here we show that our three terrestrial carbon sink estimates are in good agreement and support the finding of a 2011 record land carbon sink. Surprisingly, we find that the global carbon sink anomaly was driven by growth of semi-arid vegetation in the Southern Hemisphere, with almost 60 per cent of carbon uptake attributed to Australian ecosystems, where prevalent La Niña conditions caused up to six consecutive seasons of increased precipitation. In addition, since 1981, a six per cent expansion of vegetation cover over Australia was associated with a fourfold increase in the sensitivity of continental net carbon uptake to precipitation. Our findings suggest that the higher turnover rates of carbon pools in semi-arid biomes are an increasingly important driver of global carbon cycle inter-annual variability and that tropical rainforests may become less relevant drivers in the future. More research is needed to identify to what extent the carbon stocks accumulated during wet years are vulnerable to rapid decomposition or loss through fire in subsequent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Poulter
- 1] Montana State University, Institute on Ecosystems and the Department of Ecology, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA [2] Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - David Frank
- 1] Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Dendroclimatology, Zürcherstrasse 111, Birmensdorf 8903, Switzerland [2] Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Ciais
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Niels Andela
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1085 De Boelelaan, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jian Bi
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Gregoire Broquet
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Josep G Canadell
- Global Carbon Project, CSIRO, Marine and Atmospheric Research, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Frederic Chevallier
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement (LSCE), CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - Yi Y Liu
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Systems Science & Climate Change Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Steven W Running
- Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA
| | - Stephen Sitch
- College of Engineering, Computing and Mathematics, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Guido R van der Werf
- Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University Amsterdam, 1085 De Boelelaan, 1081HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Wang X, Piao S, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Myneni RB, Cox P, Heimann M, Miller J, Peng S, Wang T, Yang H, Chen A. A two-fold increase of carbon cycle sensitivity to tropical temperature variations. Nature 2014; 506:212-5. [PMID: 24463514 DOI: 10.1038/nature12915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Earth system models project that the tropical land carbon sink will decrease in size in response to an increase in warming and drought during this century, probably causing a positive climate feedback. But available data are too limited at present to test the predicted changes in the tropical carbon balance in response to climate change. Long-term atmospheric carbon dioxide data provide a global record that integrates the interannual variability of the global carbon balance. Multiple lines of evidence demonstrate that most of this variability originates in the terrestrial biosphere. In particular, the year-to-year variations in the atmospheric carbon dioxide growth rate (CGR) are thought to be the result of fluctuations in the carbon fluxes of tropical land areas. Recently, the response of CGR to tropical climate interannual variability was used to put a constraint on the sensitivity of tropical land carbon to climate change. Here we use the long-term CGR record from Mauna Loa and the South Pole to show that the sensitivity of CGR to tropical temperature interannual variability has increased by a factor of 1.9 ± 0.3 in the past five decades. We find that this sensitivity was greater when tropical land regions experienced drier conditions. This suggests that the sensitivity of CGR to interannual temperature variations is regulated by moisture conditions, even though the direct correlation between CGR and tropical precipitation is weak. We also find that present terrestrial carbon cycle models do not capture the observed enhancement in CGR sensitivity in the past five decades. More realistic model predictions of future carbon cycle and climate feedbacks require a better understanding of the processes driving the response of tropical ecosystems to drought and warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhui Wang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shilong Piao
- 1] Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Philippe Ciais
- 1] Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Friedlingstein
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Ranga B Myneni
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | - Peter Cox
- College of Engineering, Mathematics, and Physical Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QF, UK
| | - Martin Heimann
- Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07701 Jena, Germany
| | - John Miller
- 1] Global Monitoring Division, Earth System Research Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 325 Broadway, Boulder, Colorado 80305, USA [2] Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tao Wang
- 1] Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China [2] Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, CEA CNRS UVSQ, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hui Yang
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Anping Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1003, USA
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Barichivich J, Briffa KR, Myneni RB, Osborn TJ, Melvin TM, Ciais P, Piao S, Tucker C. Large-scale variations in the vegetation growing season and annual cycle of atmospheric CO2 at high northern latitudes from 1950 to 2011. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:3167-83. [PMID: 23749553 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We combine satellite and ground observations during 1950-2011 to study the long-term links between multiple climate (air temperature and cryospheric dynamics) and vegetation (greenness and atmospheric CO(2) concentrations) indicators of the growing season of northern ecosystems (>45°N) and their connection with the carbon cycle. During the last three decades, the thermal potential growing season has lengthened by about 10.5 days (P < 0.01, 1982-2011), which is unprecedented in the context of the past 60 years. The overall lengthening has been stronger and more significant in Eurasia (12.6 days, P < 0.01) than North America (6.2 days, P > 0.05). The photosynthetic growing season has closely tracked the pace of warming and extension of the potential growing season in spring, but not in autumn when factors such as light and moisture limitation may constrain photosynthesis. The autumnal extension of the photosynthetic growing season since 1982 appears to be about half that of the thermal potential growing season, yielding a smaller lengthening of the photosynthetic growing season (6.7 days at the circumpolar scale, P < 0.01). Nevertheless, when integrated over the growing season, photosynthetic activity has closely followed the interannual variations and warming trend in cumulative growing season temperatures. This lengthening and intensification of the photosynthetic growing season, manifested principally over Eurasia rather than North America, is associated with a long-term increase (22.2% since 1972, P < 0.01) in the amplitude of the CO(2) annual cycle at northern latitudes. The springtime extension of the photosynthetic and potential growing seasons has apparently stimulated earlier and stronger net CO(2) uptake by northern ecosystems, while the autumnal extension is associated with an earlier net release of CO(2) to the atmosphere. These contrasting responses may be critical in determining the impact of continued warming on northern terrestrial ecosystems and the carbon cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Barichivich
- Climatic Research Unit, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK
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Peng S, Piao S, Ciais P, Myneni RB, Chen A, Chevallier F, Dolman AJ, Janssens IA, Peñuelas J, Zhang G, Vicca S, Wan S, Wang S, Zeng H. Asymmetric effects of daytime and night-time warming on Northern Hemisphere vegetation. Nature 2013; 501:88-92. [PMID: 24005415 DOI: 10.1038/nature12434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Piao S, Sitch S, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Peylin P, Wang X, Ahlström A, Anav A, Canadell JG, Cong N, Huntingford C, Jung M, Levis S, Levy PE, Li J, Lin X, Lomas MR, Lu M, Luo Y, Ma Y, Myneni RB, Poulter B, Sun Z, Wang T, Viovy N, Zaehle S, Zeng N. Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models for their response to climate variability and to CO2 trends. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:2117-32. [PMID: 23504870 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate 10 process-based terrestrial biosphere models that were used for the IPCC fifth Assessment Report. The simulated gross primary productivity (GPP) is compared with flux-tower-based estimates by Jung et al. [Journal of Geophysical Research 116 (2011) G00J07] (JU11). The net primary productivity (NPP) apparent sensitivity to climate variability and atmospheric CO2 trends is diagnosed from each model output, using statistical functions. The temperature sensitivity is compared against ecosystem field warming experiments results. The CO2 sensitivity of NPP is compared to the results from four Free-Air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) experiments. The simulated global net biome productivity (NBP) is compared with the residual land sink (RLS) of the global carbon budget from Friedlingstein et al. [Nature Geoscience 3 (2010) 811] (FR10). We found that models produce a higher GPP (133 ± 15 Pg C yr(-1) ) than JU11 (118 ± 6 Pg C yr(-1) ). In response to rising atmospheric CO2 concentration, modeled NPP increases on average by 16% (5-20%) per 100 ppm, a slightly larger apparent sensitivity of NPP to CO2 than that measured at the FACE experiment locations (13% per 100 ppm). Global NBP differs markedly among individual models, although the mean value of 2.0 ± 0.8 Pg C yr(-1) is remarkably close to the mean value of RLS (2.1 ± 1.2 Pg C yr(-1) ). The interannual variability in modeled NBP is significantly correlated with that of RLS for the period 1980-2009. Both model-to-model and interannual variation in model GPP is larger than that in model NBP due to the strong coupling causing a positive correlation between ecosystem respiration and GPP in the model. The average linear regression slope of global NBP vs. temperature across the 10 models is -3.0 ± 1.5 Pg C yr(-1) °C(-1) , within the uncertainty of what derived from RLS (-3.9 ± 1.1 Pg C yr(-1) °C(-1) ). However, 9 of 10 models overestimate the regression slope of NBP vs. precipitation, compared with the slope of the observed RLS vs. precipitation. With most models lacking processes that control GPP and NBP in addition to CO2 and climate, the agreement between modeled and observation-based GPP and NBP can be fortuitous. Carbon-nitrogen interactions (only separable in one model) significantly influence the simulated response of carbon cycle to temperature and atmospheric CO2 concentration, suggesting that nutrients limitations should be included in the next generation of terrestrial biosphere models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilong Piao
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.
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Cong N, Wang T, Nan H, Ma Y, Wang X, Myneni RB, Piao S. Changes in satellite-derived spring vegetation green-up date and its linkage to climate in China from 1982 to 2010: a multimethod analysis. Glob Chang Biol 2013; 19:881-891. [PMID: 23504844 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The change in spring phenology is recognized to exert a major influence on carbon balance dynamics in temperate ecosystems. Over the past several decades, several studies focused on shifts in spring phenology; however, large uncertainties still exist, and one understudied source could be the method implemented in retrieving satellite-derived spring phenology. To account for this potential uncertainty, we conducted a multimethod investigation to quantify changes in vegetation green-up date from 1982 to 2010 over temperate China, and to characterize climatic controls on spring phenology. Over temperate China, the five methods estimated that the vegetation green-up onset date advanced, on average, at a rate of 1.3 ± 0.6 days per decade (ranging from 0.4 to 1.9 days per decade) over the last 29 years. Moreover, the sign of the trends in vegetation green-up date derived from the five methods were broadly consistent spatially and for different vegetation types, but with large differences in the magnitude of the trend. The large intermethod variance was notably observed in arid and semiarid vegetation types. Our results also showed that change in vegetation green-up date is more closely correlated with temperature than with precipitation. However, the temperature sensitivity of spring vegetation green-up date became higher as precipitation increased, implying that precipitation is an important regulator of the response of vegetation spring phenology to change in temperature. This intricate linkage between spring phenology and precipitation must be taken into account in current phenological models which are mostly driven by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nan Cong
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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Samanta A, Knyazikhin Y, Xu L, Dickinson RE, Fu R, Costa MH, Saatchi SS, Nemani RR, Myneni RB. Seasonal changes in leaf area of Amazon forests from leaf flushing and abscission. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jg001818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peng S, Piao S, Ciais P, Friedlingstein P, Ottle C, Bréon FM, Nan H, Zhou L, Myneni RB. Surface urban heat island across 419 global big cities. Environ Sci Technol 2012; 46:696-703. [PMID: 22142232 DOI: 10.1021/es2030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Urban heat island is among the most evident aspects of human impacts on the earth system. Here we assess the diurnal and seasonal variation of surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) defined as the surface temperature difference between urban area and suburban area measured from the MODIS. Differences in SUHII are analyzed across 419 global big cities, and we assess several potential biophysical and socio-economic driving factors. Across the big cities, we show that the average annual daytime SUHII (1.5 ± 1.2 °C) is higher than the annual nighttime SUHII (1.1 ± 0.5 °C) (P < 0.001). But no correlation is found between daytime and nighttime SUHII across big cities (P = 0.84), suggesting different driving mechanisms between day and night. The distribution of nighttime SUHII correlates positively with the difference in albedo and nighttime light between urban area and suburban area, while the distribution of daytime SUHII correlates negatively across cities with the difference of vegetation cover and activity between urban and suburban areas. Our results emphasize the key role of vegetation feedbacks in attenuating SUHII of big cities during the day, in particular during the growing season, further highlighting that increasing urban vegetation cover could be one effective way to mitigate the urban heat island effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shushi Peng
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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33
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Samanta A, Costa MH, Nunes EL, Vieira SA, Xu L, Myneni RB. Comment on "Drought-induced reduction in global terrestrial net primary production from 2000 through 2009". Science 2011; 333:1093; author reply 1093. [PMID: 21868655 DOI: 10.1126/science.1199048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Zhao and Running (Reports, 20 August 2010, p. 940) reported a reduction in global terrestrial net primary production (NPP) from 2000 through 2009. We argue that the small trends, regional patterns, and interannual variations that they describe are artifacts of their NPP model. Satellite observations of vegetation activity show no statistically significant changes in more than 85% of the vegetated lands south of 70°N during the same 2000 to 2009 period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arindam Samanta
- Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Samanta A, Ganguly S, Myneni RB. MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index data do not show greening of Amazon forests during the 2005 drought. New Phytol 2011; 189:11-15. [PMID: 21039569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03516.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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Myneni RB, Yang W, Nemani RR, Huete AR, Dickinson RE, Knyazikhin Y, Didan K, Fu R, Negrón Juárez RI, Saatchi SS, Hashimoto H, Ichii K, Shabanov NV, Tan B, Ratana P, Privette JL, Morisette JT, Vermote EF, Roy DP, Wolfe RE, Friedl MA, Running SW, Votava P, El-Saleous N, Devadiga S, Su Y, Salomonson VV. Large seasonal swings in leaf area of Amazon rainforests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:4820-3. [PMID: 17360360 PMCID: PMC1820882 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611338104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite early speculation to the contrary, all tropical forests studied to date display seasonal variations in the presence of new leaves, flowers, and fruits. Past studies were focused on the timing of phenological events and their cues but not on the accompanying changes in leaf area that regulate vegetation-atmosphere exchanges of energy, momentum, and mass. Here we report, from analysis of 5 years of recent satellite data, seasonal swings in green leaf area of approximately 25% in a majority of the Amazon rainforests. This seasonal cycle is timed to the seasonality of solar radiation in a manner that is suggestive of anticipatory and opportunistic patterns of net leaf flushing during the early to mid part of the light-rich dry season and net leaf abscission during the cloudy wet season. These seasonal swings in leaf area may be critical to initiation of the transition from dry to wet season, seasonal carbon balance between photosynthetic gains and respiratory losses, and litterfall nutrient cycling in moist tropical forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranga B. Myneni
- Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Wenze Yang
- Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Ramakrishna R. Nemani
- Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035
| | - Alfredo R. Huete
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Robert E. Dickinson
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Yuri Knyazikhin
- Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Kamel Didan
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Rong Fu
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Robinson I. Negrón Juárez
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Drive, Atlanta, GA 30332
| | - Sasan S. Saatchi
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, 4800 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109
| | - Hirofumi Hashimoto
- California State University at Monterey Bay and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035
| | - Kazuhito Ichii
- San Jose State University and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035
| | - Nikolay V. Shabanov
- Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Bin Tan
- Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Piyachat Ratana
- Department of Soil, Water, and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
| | - Jeffrey L. Privette
- Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Jeffrey T. Morisette
- Terrestrial Information Systems Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Eric F. Vermote
- Biospheric Sciences Branch, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.4, Greenbelt, MD 20771
- Department of Geography, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742
| | - David P. Roy
- Geographic Information Science Center of Excellence, South Dakota State University, Wecota Hall, Box 506B, Brookings, SD 57007
| | - Robert E. Wolfe
- Raytheon Technology Services Corporation at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771
| | - Mark A. Friedl
- Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | | | - Petr Votava
- California State University at Monterey Bay and Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Mail Stop 242-4, Moffett Field, CA 94035
| | - Nazmi El-Saleous
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771; and
| | - Sadashiva Devadiga
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc., at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, 8600 Greenbelt Road, Mail Code 614.5, Greenbelt, MD 20771; and
| | - Yin Su
- Department of Geography and Environment, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215
| | - Vincent V. Salomonson
- Department of Geography and Meteorology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0110
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Hashimoto H, Nemani RR, White MA, Jolly WM, Piper SC, Keeling CD, Myneni RB, Running SW. El Niño-Southern Oscillation-induced variability in terrestrial carbon cycling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | | | - Michael A. White
- Department of Aquatic, Watershed, and Earth Resources; Utah State University; Logan Utah USA
| | - William M. Jolly
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), School of Forestry; University of Montana; Missoula Montana USA
| | - Steve C. Piper
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography; La Jolla California USA
| | | | - Ranga B. Myneni
- Department of Geography; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Steven W. Running
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group (NTSG), School of Forestry; University of Montana; Missoula Montana USA
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Zhou L, Dickinson RE, Tian Y, Fang J, Li Q, Kaufmann RK, Tucker CJ, Myneni RB. Evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate in China. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:9540-4. [PMID: 15205480 PMCID: PMC470710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0400357101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 607] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
China has experienced rapid urbanization and dramatic economic growth since its reform process started in late 1978. In this article, we present evidence for a significant urbanization effect on climate based on analysis of impacts of land-use changes on surface temperature in southeast China, where rapid urbanization has occurred. Our estimated warming of mean surface temperature of 0.05 degrees C per decade attributable to urbanization is much larger than previous estimates for other periods and locations. The spatial pattern and magnitude of our estimate are consistent with those of urbanization characterized by changes in the percentage of urban population and in satellite-measured greenness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhou
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Buermann W, Anderson B, Tucker CJ, Dickinson RE, Lucht W, Potter CS, Myneni RB. Interannual covariability in Northern Hemisphere air temperatures and greenness associated with El Niño-Southern Oscillation and the Arctic Oscillation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Buermann
- Department of Geography; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Bruce Anderson
- Department of Geography; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Compton J. Tucker
- Biospheric Sciences Branch; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Robert E. Dickinson
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Wolfgang Lucht
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research; Potsdam Germany
| | - Christopher S. Potter
- Ecosystem Science and Technology Branch; NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - Ranga B. Myneni
- Department of Geography; Boston University; Boston Massachusetts USA
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Nemani RR, Keeling CD, Hashimoto H, Jolly WM, Piper SC, Tucker CJ, Myneni RB, Running SW. Climate-driven increases in global terrestrial net primary production from 1982 to 1999. Science 2003; 300:1560-3. [PMID: 12791990 DOI: 10.1126/science.1082750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 913] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Recent climatic changes have enhanced plant growth in northern mid-latitudes and high latitudes. However, a comprehensive analysis of the impact of global climatic changes on vegetation productivity has not before been expressed in the context of variable limiting factors to plant growth. We present a global investigation of vegetation responses to climatic changes by analyzing 18 years (1982 to 1999) of both climatic data and satellite observations of vegetation activity. Our results indicate that global changes in climate have eased several critical climatic constraints to plant growth, such that net primary production increased 6% (3.4 petagrams of carbon over 18 years) globally. The largest increase was in tropical ecosystems. Amazon rain forests accounted for 42% of the global increase in net primary production, owing mainly to decreased cloud cover and the resulting increase in solar radiation.
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40
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Lucht W, Prentice IC, Myneni RB, Sitch S, Friedlingstein P, Cramer W, Bousquet P, Buermann W, Smith B. Climatic control of the high-latitude vegetation greening trend and Pinatubo effect. Science 2002; 296:1687-9. [PMID: 12040194 DOI: 10.1126/science.1071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
A biogeochemical model of vegetation using observed climate data predicts the high northern latitude greening trend over the past two decades observed by satellites and a marked setback in this trend after the Mount Pinatubo volcano eruption in 1991. The observed trend toward earlier spring budburst and increased maximum leaf area is produced by the model as a consequence of biogeochemical vegetation responses mainly to changes in temperature. The post-Pinatubo decline in vegetation in 1992-1993 is apparent as the effect of temporary cooling caused by the eruption. High-latitude CO(2) uptake during these years is predicted as a consequence of the differential response of heterotrophic respiration and net primary production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Lucht
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Post Office Box 601203, D-14412 Potsdam, Germany.
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41
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Myneni RB, Dong J, Tucker CJ, Kaufmann RK, Kauppi PE, Liski J, Zhou L, Alexeyev V, Hughes MK. A large carbon sink in the woody biomass of Northern forests. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:14784-9. [PMID: 11742094 PMCID: PMC64936 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.261555198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 462] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The terrestrial carbon sink, as of yet unidentified, represents 15-30% of annual global emissions of carbon from fossil fuels and industrial activities. Some of the missing carbon is sequestered in vegetation biomass and, under the Kyoto Protocol of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, industrialized nations can use certain forest biomass sinks to meet their greenhouse gas emissions reduction commitments. Therefore, we analyzed 19 years of data from remote-sensing spacecraft and forest inventories to identify the size and location of such sinks. The results, which cover the years 1981-1999, reveal a picture of biomass carbon gains in Eurasian boreal and North American temperate forests and losses in some Canadian boreal forests. For the 1.42 billion hectares of Northern forests, roughly above the 30th parallel, we estimate the biomass sink to be 0.68 +/- 0.34 billion tons carbon per year, of which nearly 70% is in Eurasia, in proportion to its forest area and in disproportion to its biomass carbon pool. The relatively high spatial resolution of these estimates permits direct validation with ground data and contributes to a monitoring program of forest biomass sinks under the Kyoto protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B Myneni
- Department of Geography, Boston University, 675 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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42
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Tucker CJ, Slayback DA, Pinzon JE, Los SO, Myneni RB, Taylor MG. Higher northern latitude normalized difference vegetation index and growing season trends from 1982 to 1999. Int J Biometeorol 2001; 45:184-190. [PMID: 11769318 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-001-0109-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Normalized difference vegetation index data from the polar-orbiting National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration meteorological satellites from 1982 to 1999 show significant variations in photosynthetic activity and growing season length at latitudes above 35 degrees N. Two distinct periods of increasing plant growth are apparent: 1982-1991 and 1992-1999, separated by a reduction from 1991 to 1992 associated with global cooling resulting from the volcanic eruption of Mt. Pinatubo in June 1991. The average May to September normalized difference vegetation index from 45 degrees N to 75 degrees N increased by 9% from 1982 to 1991, decreased by 5% from 1991 to 1992, and increased by 8% from 1992 to 1999. Variations in the normalized difference vegetation index were associated with variations in the start of the growing season of -5.6, +3.9, and -1.7 days respectively, for the three time periods. Our results support surface temperature increases within the same period at higher northern latitudes where temperature limits plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Tucker
- Laboratory for Terrestrial Physics, NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA.
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43
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Zhou L, Tucker CJ, Kaufmann RK, Slayback D, Shabanov NV, Myneni RB. Variations in northern vegetation activity inferred from satellite data of vegetation index during 1981 to 1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1093] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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44
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Weiss M, Baret F, Myneni RB, Pragnère A, Knyazikhin Y. Investigation of a model inversion technique to estimate canopy biophysical variables from spectral and directional reflectance data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1051/agro:2000105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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45
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Knyazikhin Y, Kranigk J, Myneni RB, Panfyorov O, Gravenhorst G. Influence of small-scale structure on radiative transfer and photosynthesis in vegetation canopies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Privette JL, Myneni RB, Emery WJ, Pinty B. Inversion of a soil bidirectional reflectance model for use with vegetation reflectance models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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