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Boussora F, Triki T, Bennani L, Bagues M, Ben Ali S, Ferchichi A, Ngaz K, Guasmi F. Mineral accumulation, relative water content and gas exchange are the main physiological regulating mechanisms to cope with salt stress in barley. Sci Rep 2024; 14:14931. [PMID: 38942909 PMCID: PMC11213892 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65967-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Salinity has become a major environmental concern for agricultural lands, leading to decreased crop yields. Hence, plant biology experts aim to genetically improve barley's adaptation to salinity stress by deeply studying the effects of salt stress and the responses of barley to this stress. In this context, our study aims to explore the variation in physiological and biochemical responses of five Tunisian spring barley genotypes to salt stress during the heading phase. Two salinity treatments were induced by using 100 mM NaCl (T1) and 250 mM NaCl (T2) in the irrigation water. Significant phenotypic variations were detected among the genotypes in response to salt stress. Plants exposed to 250 mM of NaCl showed an important decline in all studied physiological parameters namely, gas exchange, ions concentration and relative water content RWC. The observed decreases in concentrations ranged from, approximately, 6.64% to 40.76% for K+, 5.91% to 43.67% for Na+, 14.12% to 52.38% for Ca2+, and 15.22% to 38.48% for Mg2+ across the different genotypes and salt stress levels. However, under salinity conditions, proline and soluble sugars increased for all genotypes with an average increase of 1.6 times in proline concentrations and 1.4 times in soluble sugars concentration. Furthermore, MDA levels rose also for all genotypes, with the biggest rise in Lemsi genotype (114.27% of increase compared to control). Ardhaoui and Rihane showed higher photosynthetic activity compared to the other genotypes across all treatments. The stepwise regression approach identified potassium content, K+/Na+ ratio, relative water content, stomatal conductance and SPAD measurement as predominant traits for thousand kernel weight (R2 = 84.06), suggesting their significant role in alleviating salt stress in barley. Overall, at heading stage, salt accumulation in irrigated soils with saline water significantly influences the growth of barley by influencing gas exchange parameters, mineral composition and water content, in a genotype-dependent manner. These results will serve on elucidating the genetic mechanisms underlying these variations to facilitate targeted improvements in barley's tolerance to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Boussora
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory LACO, Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine (IRA), Sreet El Djorf 22.5 km, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia.
| | - Tebra Triki
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory LACO, Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine (IRA), Sreet El Djorf 22.5 km, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Leila Bennani
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory LACO, Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine (IRA), Sreet El Djorf 22.5 km, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Bagues
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory LACO, Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine (IRA), Sreet El Djorf 22.5 km, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Sihem Ben Ali
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory LACO, Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine (IRA), Sreet El Djorf 22.5 km, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Ali Ferchichi
- Department of Rural Engineering, Water, and Forests GREF, National Institute of Agronomic Research of Tunis (INAT), 43 Charles Nicolle, 1082, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Kamel Ngaz
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory LACO, Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine (IRA), Sreet El Djorf 22.5 km, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Ferdaous Guasmi
- Drylands and Oases Cropping Laboratory LACO, Institute of Arid Lands of Medenine (IRA), Sreet El Djorf 22.5 km, 4119, Medenine, Tunisia
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Xue M, Shi Y, Xiang J, Zhang Y, Qiu H, Chen W, Zhang J. 2,2',4,4'-Tetrabromodiphenyl Ether (BDE-47) at Environmental Levels Influenced Photosynthesis in the Mangrove Species Kandelia obovata. TOXICS 2024; 12:456. [PMID: 39058108 PMCID: PMC11281169 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12070456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
2,2',4,4'-tetra-bromodiphenytol ether (BDE-47) is one of the ubiquitous organic pollutants in mangrove sediments. To reveal the toxic effects of BDE-47 on mangrove plants, the mangrove species Kandelia obovate was used to investigate the photosynthetic capacity effects and the molecular mechanisms involved after BDE-47 exposure at environment-related levels (50, 500, and 5000 ng g-1 dw). After a 60-day exposure, the photosynthetic capacity was inhibited in K. obovata seedlings, and a decrease in the stomatal density and damage in the chloroplast ultrastructure in the leaves were found. Transcriptome sequencing showed that, following exposure to BDE-47, gene expression in photosynthesis-related pathways was predominantly suppressed in the leaves. The bioinformatics analysis indicated that BDE-47 exerts toxicity by inhibiting photosystem I activity and chlorophyll a/b-binding protein-related genes in the leaves of K. obovata. Thus, this study provides preliminary theoretical evidence for the toxic mechanism effect of BDE-47 on photosynthesis in mangrove species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijing Xue
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (Y.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.Q.); (W.C.)
| | - Yajun Shi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (Y.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.Q.); (W.C.)
| | - Jing Xiang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (Y.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.Q.); (W.C.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (Y.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.Q.); (W.C.)
| | - Hanxun Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (Y.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.Q.); (W.C.)
| | - Wenming Chen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (Y.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.Q.); (W.C.)
| | - Jiliang Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China; (M.X.); (Y.S.); (J.X.); (Y.Z.); (H.Q.); (W.C.)
- Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecological Civilization and Integrated Land-Sea Development, Hainan Normal University, Haikou 571158, China
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Cirillo V, Esposito M, Lentini M, Russo C, Pollaro N, Maggio A. Morpho-physiological adaptations to weed competition impair green bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris) ability to overcome moderate salt stress. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2024; 51:FP23202. [PMID: 38769679 DOI: 10.1071/fp23202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The two stresses of weed competition and salt salinity lead to crop yield losses and decline in the productivity of agricultural land. These constraints threaten the future of food production because weeds are more salt stress tolerant than most crops. Climate change will lead to an increase of soil salinity worldwide, and possibly exacerbate the competition between weeds and crops. This aspect has been scarcely investigated in the context of weed-crop competition. Therefore, we conducted a field experiment on green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris ) to investigate the combined impact of weed competition and salt stress on key morpho-physiological traits, and crop yield. We demonstrated that soil salinity shifted weed composition toward salt tolerant weed species (Portulaca oleracea and Cynodon dactylon ), while it reduced the presence of lower tolerance species. Weed competition activated adaptation responses in green bean such as reduced leaf mass per area and biomass allocation to the stem, unchanged stomatal density and instantaneous water use efficiency, which diverge from those that are typically observed as a consequence of salt stress. The morpho-physiological modifications caused by weeds is attributed to the alterations of light intensity and/or quality, further confirming the pivotal role of the light in crop response to weeds. We concluded that higher yield loss caused by combined salt stress and weed competition is due to impaired morpho-physiological responses, which highlights the negative interaction between salt stress and weed competition. This phenomenon will likely be more frequent in the future, and potentially reduce the efficacy of current weed control methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerio Cirillo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Marco Esposito
- Group of Agroecology, Institute of Life Sciences, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Lentini
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Claudio Russo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Pollaro
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
| | - Albino Maggio
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Via Università 100, Portici 80055, Italy
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Wang L, Chang C. Stomatal improvement for crop stress resistance. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:1823-1833. [PMID: 38006251 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
The growth and yield of crop plants are threatened by environmental challenges such as water deficit, soil flooding, high salinity, and extreme temperatures, which are becoming increasingly severe under climate change. Stomata contribute greatly to plant adaptation to stressful environments by governing transpirational water loss and photosynthetic gas exchange. Increasing evidence has revealed that stomata formation is shaped by transcription factors, signaling peptides, and protein kinases, which could be exploited to improve crop stress resistance. The past decades have seen unprecedented progress in our understanding of stomata formation, but most of these advances have come from research on model plants. This review highlights recent research in stomata formation in crops and its multifaceted functions in abiotic stress tolerance. Current strategies, limitations, and future directions for harnessing stomatal development to improve crop stress resistance are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Cheng Chang
- College of Life Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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Mubushar M, El-Hendawy S, Dewir YH, Al-Suhaibani N. Ability of Different Growth Indicators to Detect Salt Tolerance of Advanced Spring Wheat Lines Grown in Real Field Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:882. [PMID: 38592884 PMCID: PMC10974046 DOI: 10.3390/plants13060882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Plant growth indicators (GIs) are important for evaluating how different genotypes respond to normal and stress conditions separately. They consider both the morphological and physiological components of plants between two successive growth stages. Despite their significance, GIs are not commonly used as screening criteria for detecting salt tolerance of genotypes. In this study, 36 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) along with four genotypes differing in their salt tolerance were grown under normal and 150 mM NaCl in a two-year field trial. The performance and salt tolerance of these germplasms were assessed through various GIs. The analysis of variance showed highly significant variation between salinity levels, genotypes, and their interaction for all GIs and other traits in each year and combined data for two years, with a few exceptions. All traits and GIs were significantly reduced by salinity stress, except for relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), and specific leaf weight (SLW), which increased under salinity conditions. Traits and GIs were more correlated with each other under salinity than under normal conditions. Principal component analysis organized traits and GIs into three main groups under both conditions, with RGR, NAR, and specific leaf area (SLA) closely associated with grain yield (GY) and harvest index, while leaf area duration (LAD) was closely associated with green leaf area (GLA), plant dry weight (PDW), and leaf area index (LAI). A hierarchical clustering heatmap based on GIs and traits organized germplasms into three and four groups under normal and salinity conditions, respectively. Based on the values of traits and GIs for each group, the germplasms varied from high- to low-performing groups under normal conditions and from salt-tolerant to salt-sensitive groups under salinity conditions. RGR, NAR, and LAD were important factors determining genotypic variation in GY of high- and low-performing groups, while all GIs, except leaf area duration (LAR), were major factors describing genotypic variation in GY of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive groups. In conclusion, different GIs that reveal the relationship between the morphological and physiological components of genotypes could serve as valuable selection criteria for evaluating the performance of genotypes under normal conditions and their salt tolerance under salinity stress conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salah El-Hendawy
- Department of Plant Production, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Paul A, Mondal S, Chakraborty K, Biswas AK. Moving forward to understand the alteration of physiological mechanism by seed priming with different halo-agents under salt stress. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 114:24. [PMID: 38457044 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-024-01425-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Soil salinity hampers the survival and productivity of crops. To minimize salt-associated damages in plant, better salt management practices in agriculture have become a prerequisite. Seed priming with different halo-agents is a technique, which improves the primed plant's endurance to tackle sodium. Salt tolerance is achieved in tolerant plants through fundamental physiological mechanisms- ion-exclusion and tissue tolerance, and salt-tolerant plants may (Na+ accumulators) or may not (Na+ excluders) allow sodium movement to leaves. While Na+ excluders depend on ion exclusion in roots, Na+ accumulators are proficient Na+ managers that can compartmentalize Na+ in leaves and use them beneficially as inexpensive osmoticum. Salt-sensitive plants are Na+ accumulators, but their inherent tissue tolerance ability and ion-exclusion process are insufficient for tolerance. Seed priming with different halo-agents aids in 'rewiring' of the salt tolerance mechanisms of plants. The resetting of the salt tolerance mechanism is not universal for every halo-agent and might vary with halo-agents. Here, we review the physiological mechanisms that different halo-agents target to confer enhanced salt tolerance in primed plants. Calcium and potassium-specific halo-agents trigger Na+ exclusion in roots, thus ensuring a low amount of Na+ in leaves. In contrast, Na+-specific priming agents favour processes for Na+ inclusion in leaves, improve plant tissue tolerance or vacuolar sequestration, and provide the greatest benefit to salt-sensitive and sodium accumulating plants. Overall, this review will help to understand the underlying mechanism behind plant's inherent nature towards salt management and its amelioration with different halo-agents, which helps to optimize crop stress performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alivia Paul
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, CAS, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
- Cell Biology Laboratory, Department of Botany, CAS, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Subhankar Mondal
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Koushik Chakraborty
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Asok K Biswas
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, CAS, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Sanhueza T, Hernández I, Sagredo-Sáez C, Villanueva-Guerrero A, Alvarado R, Mujica MI, Fuentes-Quiroz A, Menendez E, Jorquera-Fontena E, Valadares RBDS, Herrera H. Juvenile Plant-Microbe Interactions Modulate the Adaptation and Response of Forest Seedlings to Rapid Climate Change. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:175. [PMID: 38256729 PMCID: PMC10819047 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The negative impacts of climate change on native forest ecosystems have created challenging conditions for the sustainability of natural forest regeneration. These challenges arise primarily from abiotic stresses that affect the early stages of forest tree development. While there is extensive evidence on the diversity of juvenile microbial symbioses in agricultural and fruit crops, there is a notable lack of reports on native forest plants. This review aims to summarize the critical studies conducted on the diversity of juvenile plant-microbe interactions in forest plants and to highlight the main benefits of beneficial microorganisms in overcoming environmental stresses such as drought, high and low temperatures, metal(loid) toxicity, nutrient deficiency, and salinity. The reviewed studies have consistently demonstrated the positive effects of juvenile plant-microbiota interactions and have highlighted the potential beneficial attributes to improve plantlet development. In addition, this review discusses the beneficial attributes of managing juvenile plant-microbiota symbiosis in the context of native forest restoration, including its impact on plant responses to phytopathogens, promotion of nutrient uptake, facilitation of seedling adaptation, resource exchange through shared hyphal networks, stimulation of native soil microbial communities, and modulation of gene and protein expression to enhance adaptation to adverse environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tedy Sanhueza
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Ionel Hernández
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Department, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Carretera a Tapaste Km 3 y ½, San José de las Lajas 32700, Mayabeque, Cuba;
| | - Cristiane Sagredo-Sáez
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Angela Villanueva-Guerrero
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Roxana Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Maria Isabel Mujica
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5110566, Chile;
| | - Alejandra Fuentes-Quiroz
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
| | - Esther Menendez
- Departamento de Microbiología y Genética, Instituto de Investigación en Agrobiotecnología (CIALE), Universidad de Salamanca, 37008 Salamanca, Spain;
| | - Emilio Jorquera-Fontena
- Departamento de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Acuícolas, Facultad de Recursos Naturales, Universidad Catolica de Temuco, Temuco P.O. Box 15-D, Chile;
| | | | - Héctor Herrera
- Laboratorio de Silvicultura, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile; (T.S.); (C.S.-S.); (A.V.-G.); (R.A.); (A.F.-Q.)
- Laboratorio de Ecosistemas y Bosques, Departamento de Ciencias Forestales, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Medioambiente, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco 4811230, Chile
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Mukarram M, Khan MMA, Kurjak D, Corpas FJ. Chitosan oligomers (COS) trigger a coordinated biochemical response of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) plants to palliate salinity-induced oxidative stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8636. [PMID: 37244976 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35931-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant susceptibility to salt depends on several factors from its genetic makeup to modifiable physiological and biochemical status. We used lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) plants as a relevant medicinal and aromatic cash crop to assess the potential benefits of chitosan oligomers (COS) on plant growth and essential oil productivity during salinity stress (160 and 240 mM NaCl). Five foliar sprays of 120 mg L-1 of COS were applied weekly. Several aspects of photosynthesis, gas exchange, cellular defence, and essential oil productivity of lemongrass were traced. The obtained data indicated that 120 mg L-1 COS alleviated photosynthetic constraints and raised the enzymatic antioxidant defence including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD) activities that minimised salt-induced oxidative damage. Further, stomatal conductance (gs) and photosynthetic CO2 assimilation (A) were improved to support overall plant development. The same treatment increased geraniol dehydrogenase (GeDH) activity and lemongrass essential oil production. COS-induced salt resilience suggests that COS could become a useful biotechnological tool in reclaiming saline soil for improved crop productivity, especially when such soil is unfit for leading food crops. Considering its additional economic value in the essential oil industry, we propose COS-treated lemongrass as an excellent alternative crop for saline lands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
- Department of Phytology, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia.
| | - M Masroor A Khan
- Advance Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, T. G. Masaryka 24, 96001, Zvolen, Slovakia
| | - Francisco J Corpas
- Department of Stress, Development and Signaling in Plants, Group of Antioxidant, Free Radical and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Granada, Spain
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Paul A, Mondal S, Pal A, Biswas S, Chakraborty K, Mazumder A, Biswas AK, Kundu R. Seed priming with NaCl helps to improve tissue tolerance, potassium retention ability of plants, and protects the photosynthetic ability in two different legumes, chickpea and lentil, under salt stress. PLANTA 2023; 257:111. [PMID: 37156996 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-023-04150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION Seed priming with NaCl mimicked the conditions of natural priming to improve the tissue tolerance nature of sensitive legumes, which helps to maintain survivability and yield in mildly saline areas. Seed priming with NaCl is a seed invigoration technique that helps to improve plant growth by altering Na+ and K+ content under salt stress. Legumes are overall sensitive to salt and salinity hampers their growth and yield. Therefore, a priming (50 mM NaCl) experiment was performed with two different legume members [Cicer arietinum cv. Anuradha and Lens culinaris cv. Ranjan] and different morpho-physiological, biochemical responses at 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM NaCl and molecular responses at 150 mM NaCl were studied in hydroponically grown nonprimed and primed members. Similarly, a pot experiment was performed at 80 mM Na+, to check the yield. Tissue Na+ and K+ content suggested NaCl-priming did not significantly alter the accumulation of Na+ among nonprimed and primed members but retained more K+ in cells, thus maintaining a lower cellular Na+/K+ ratio. Low osmolyte content (e.g., proline) in primed members suggested priming could minimize their overall osmolytic requirement. Altogether, these implied tissue tolerance (TT) nature might have improved in case of NaCl-priming as was also reflected by a better TT score (LC50 value). An improved TT nature enabled the primed plants to maintain a significantly higher photosynthetic rate through better stomatal conductance. Along with this, a higher level of chlorophyll content and competent functioning of the photosynthetic subunits improved photosynthetic performance that ensured yield under stress. Overall, this study explores the potential of NaCl-priming and creates possibilities for considerably sensitive members; those in their nonprimed forms have no prospect in mildly saline agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alivia Paul
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, CAS, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
- Cell Biology Laboratory, CAS, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Subhankar Mondal
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
- Department of Botany, Utkal University, Vani Vihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751004, India
| | - Asmita Pal
- Cell Biology Laboratory, CAS, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India
| | - Soumyajit Biswas
- Regional-Cum-Facilitation Centre (Eastern Region), National Medical Plants Board (NMPB), Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Koushik Chakraborty
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Asis Mazumder
- Regional-Cum-Facilitation Centre (Eastern Region), National Medical Plants Board (NMPB), Ministry of Ayush, Govt. of India, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Asok K Biswas
- Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, CAS, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
| | - Rita Kundu
- Cell Biology Laboratory, CAS, Department of Botany, University of Calcutta, 35, Ballygunge Circular Road, Kolkata, 700019, India.
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Hasanuzzaman M, Zhou M, Shabala S. How Does Stomatal Density and Residual Transpiration Contribute to Osmotic Stress Tolerance? PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:494. [PMID: 36771579 PMCID: PMC9919688 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Osmotic stress that is induced by salinity and drought affects plant growth and development, resulting in significant losses to global crop production. Consequently, there is a strong need to develop stress-tolerant crops with a higher water use efficiency through breeding programs. Water use efficiency could be improved by decreasing stomatal transpiration without causing a reduction in CO2 uptake under osmotic stress conditions. The genetic manipulation of stomatal density could be one of the most promising strategies for breeders to achieve this goal. On the other hand, a substantial amount of water loss occurs across the cuticle without any contribution to carbon gain when the stomata are closed and under osmotic stress. The minimization of cuticular (otherwise known as residual) transpiration also determines the fitness and survival capacity of the plant under the conditions of a water deficit. The deposition of cuticular wax on the leaf epidermis acts as a limiting barrier for residual transpiration. However, the causal relationship between the frequency of stomatal density and plant osmotic stress tolerance and the link between residual transpiration and cuticular wax is not always straightforward, with controversial reports available in the literature. In this review, we focus on these controversies and explore the potential physiological and molecular aspects of controlling stomatal and residual transpiration water loss for improving water use efficiency under osmotic stress conditions via a comparative analysis of the performance of domesticated crops and their wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Hasanuzzaman
- Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Meixue Zhou
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
| | - Sergey Shabala
- Tasmanian Institute of Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7001, Australia
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
- School of Biological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
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11
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Eckardt NA, Ainsworth EA, Bahuguna RN, Broadley MR, Busch W, Carpita NC, Castrillo G, Chory J, DeHaan LR, Duarte CM, Henry A, Jagadish SVK, Langdale JA, Leakey ADB, Liao JC, Lu KJ, McCann MC, McKay JK, Odeny DA, Jorge de Oliveira E, Platten JD, Rabbi I, Rim EY, Ronald PC, Salt DE, Shigenaga AM, Wang E, Wolfe M, Zhang X. Climate change challenges, plant science solutions. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:24-66. [PMID: 36222573 PMCID: PMC9806663 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is a defining challenge of the 21st century, and this decade is a critical time for action to mitigate the worst effects on human populations and ecosystems. Plant science can play an important role in developing crops with enhanced resilience to harsh conditions (e.g. heat, drought, salt stress, flooding, disease outbreaks) and engineering efficient carbon-capturing and carbon-sequestering plants. Here, we present examples of research being conducted in these areas and discuss challenges and open questions as a call to action for the plant science community.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth A Ainsworth
- USDA ARS Global Change and Photosynthesis Research Unit, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - Rajeev N Bahuguna
- Centre for Advanced Studies on Climate Change, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Samastipur 848125, Bihar, India
| | - Martin R Broadley
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire, AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Nicholas C Carpita
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - Gabriel Castrillo
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Joanne Chory
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | | | - Carlos M Duarte
- Red Sea Research Center (RSRC) and Computational Bioscience Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute, Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - S V Krishna Jagadish
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79410, USA
| | - Jane A Langdale
- Department of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Andrew D B Leakey
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Crop Sciences, and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - James C Liao
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11528, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Jen Lu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei 11528, Taiwan
| | - Maureen C McCann
- Biosciences Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - John K McKay
- Department of Agricultural Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - Damaris A Odeny
- The International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics–Eastern and Southern Africa, Gigiri 39063-00623, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - J Damien Platten
- International Rice Research Institute, Rice Breeding Innovations Platform, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Ismail Rabbi
- International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), PMB 5320 Ibadan, Oyo, Nigeria
| | - Ellen Youngsoo Rim
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Pamela C Ronald
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
- Innovative Genomics Institute, Berkeley, California 94704, USA
| | - David E Salt
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Future Food Beacon of Excellence, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alexandra M Shigenaga
- Department of Plant Pathology and the Genome Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
| | - Ertao Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Marnin Wolfe
- Auburn University, Dept. of Crop Soil and Environmental Sciences, College of Agriculture, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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12
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Gómez-Bellot MJ, Lorente B, Medina S, Gil-Izquierdo Á, Durand T, Galano JM, Vicente-Sánchez S, Ortuño MF, Sánchez-Blanco MJ. Acute and Rapid Response of Melissa officinalis and Mentha spicata to Saline Reclaimed Water in Terms of Water Relations, Hormones, Amino Acids and Plant Oxylipins. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3427. [PMID: 36559540 PMCID: PMC9781781 DOI: 10.3390/plants11243427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The use of reclaimed water is considered an efficient tool for agricultural irrigation; however, the high salinity associated to this water could compromise plant quality and yields. Balm and spearmint plants were submitted for 15 days to three irrigation treatments in a controlled chamber: control with EC: 1.2 dS m-1 (control), reclaimed water from secondary effluent (EC: 1.6 dS m-1) (S) and water from secondary effluent with brine (EC: 4.4 dS m-1) (SB). The plant water status, stomatal and hormonal regulation, nutritional response, concentration of amino acids and plant oxidative stress-based markers, as well as growth were evaluated. Both species irrigated with saline reclaimed water reduced leaf water potential and gas exchange in comparison with control plants, following 2 days of exposure to irrigation treatments. Nevertheless, spearmint plants recovered photosynthetic activity from the seventh day onwards, maintaining growth. This was attributed to hormonal changes and a greater accumulation of some amino acids and some plant oxylipins (phytoprostanes) in comparison to balm plants, which contributed to the improvement in the organoleptic and health-promoting properties of spearmint. A longer irrigation period with saline reclaimed water would be necessary to assess whether the quality of both species, especially spearmint, could further improve without compromising their growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- María José Gómez-Bellot
- Department of Irrigation, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo–Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Lorente
- Department of Irrigation, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo–Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Sonia Medina
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo–Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Ángel Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo–Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | | | - María Fernanda Ortuño
- Department of Irrigation, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo–Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
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Ranjbar G, Pirasteh-Anosheh H, Dehghanie F, Keshtkar S, Race M. Feasibility of growing Salicornia species in a coastal environment through planting date and density management in a direct seawater irrigation system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:47800-47809. [PMID: 35190989 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19089-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two field experiments were conducted to evaluate six Salicornia species (Salicornia bigelovii Torr., S. europaea L., S. persica Gorgan ecotype, S. persica Urmia ecotype, S. sinus persica Bushehr ecotype, and S. persica Central Plateau ecotype) at different planting dates and densities under irrigation with Persian Gulf water. Evaluated planting dates were 14 November and 18 December 2016 and 16 January, 8 February, 8 March, and 28 March 2017. Examined planting densities included 13, 20, and 40 plant m-2. Only S. bigelovii and S. europaea produced measurable yield in all planting dates. The highest dry weight (651.1 gm-2) was obtained in S. sinus persica (Bu) planted on 8 February. Dry weight of S. bigelovii, S. europaea, S. sinus persica Bushehr, S. persica Central Plateau, S. persica Gorgan, and S. persica Urmia planted on 8 March were 174.2, 220.7, 542.5, 240.9, 158.0, and 147.5 g m-2, respectively. The ash contents of S. bigelovii, S. europaea, S. sinus persica Bushehr, S. persica Central Plateau, S. persica Gorgan, and S. persica Urmia were 46.3%, 45.0%, 49.6%, 49.6%, 50.0%, and 53.1%, respectively. Sodium and chloride contents of different Salicornia species varied from 13-15% and 16-17%, respectively. The oilseed content of S. bigelovii and S. sinus persica Bushehr was about 24.0% for both species. The highest and lowest dry weight, from the second experiment, were for S. sinus persica Bushehr and S. persica Central Plateau, respectively, in all planting density. The highest dry weight equal to 1336.2 gm-2 was obtained for S. sinus persica Bushehr in 40 plant m-2 density. Under such conditions, forage production potential of Salicornia is more achievable rather than seed production. Nevertheless, high ash content is a serious constraint to direct consumption by livestock; therefore, determining the nutritional value of Salicornia fodder requires further evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gholamhassan Ranjbar
- National Salinity Research Center (NSRC), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
| | - Hadi Pirasteh-Anosheh
- National Salinity Research Center (NSRC), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran.
| | - Farhad Dehghanie
- National Salinity Research Center (NSRC), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Yazd, Iran
| | - Sardar Keshtkar
- Bushehr Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Bushehr, Iran
| | - Marco Race
- Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, 03043, Cassino, Italy.
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14
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Rawat N, Wungrampha S, Singla-Pareek SL, Yu M, Shabala S, Pareek A. Rewilding staple crops for the lost halophytism: Toward sustainability and profitability of agricultural production systems. MOLECULAR PLANT 2022; 15:45-64. [PMID: 34915209 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Abiotic stress tolerance has been weakened during the domestication of all major staple crops. Soil salinity is a major environmental constraint that impacts over half of the world population; however, given the increasing reliance on irrigation and the lack of available freshwater, agriculture in the 21st century will increasingly become saline. Therefore, global food security is critically dependent on the ability of plant breeders to create high-yielding staple crop varieties that will incorporate salinity tolerance traits and account for future climate scenarios. Previously, we have argued that the current agricultural practices and reliance on crops that exclude salt from uptake is counterproductive and environmentally unsustainable, and thus called for a need for a major shift in a breeding paradigm to incorporate some halophytic traits that were present in wild relatives but were lost in modern crops during domestication. In this review, we provide a comprehensive physiological and molecular analysis of the key traits conferring crop halophytism, such as vacuolar Na+ sequestration, ROS desensitization, succulence, metabolic photosynthetic switch, and salt deposition in trichomes, and discuss the strategies for incorporating them into elite germplasm, to address a pressing issue of boosting plant salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishtha Rawat
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Silas Wungrampha
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sneh L Singla-Pareek
- Plant Stress Biology, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Min Yu
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China
| | - Sergey Shabala
- International Research Centre for Environmental Membrane Biology, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China; Tasmanian Institute for Agriculture, University of Tasmania, Hobart Tas 7001, Australia.
| | - Ashwani Pareek
- Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology Lab, School of Life Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India; National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali 140306, India.
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15
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Mukarram M, Khan MMA, Zehra A, Petrik P, Kurjak D. Suffer or Survive: Decoding Salt-Sensitivity of Lemongrass and Its Implication on Essential Oil Productivity. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:903954. [PMID: 35783975 PMCID: PMC9245047 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.903954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of lemongrass (Cymbopogon flexuosus) crop is dominated by its medicinal, food preservative, and cosmetic demands. The growing economy of the lemongrass market suggests the immense commercial potential of lemongrass and its essential oil. Nevertheless, the continuous increase of the saline regime threatens the growth and productivity of most of the plant life worldwide. In this regard, the present experiment explores the salt sensitiveness of the lemongrass crop against five different levels of salt stress. Metabolomic analyses suggest that lemongrass plants can effectively tolerate a salt concentration of up to 80 mM and retain most of their growth and productivity. However, extreme NaCl concentrations (≥160 mM) inflicted significant (α = 0.05) damage to the plant physiology and exhausted the lemongrass antioxidative defence system. Therefore, the highest NaCl concentration (240 mM) minimised plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence, and essential oil production by up to 50, 27, and 45%. The overall data along with the salt implications on photosynthetic machinery and ROS metabolism suggest that lemongrass can be considered a moderately sensitive crop to salt stress. The study, sensu lato, can be used in reclaiming moderately saline lands with lemongrass cultivation converting such lands from economic liability to economic asset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mukarram
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Mukarram, ; ; orcid.org/0000-0002-9034-9366
| | - M. Masroor A. Khan
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Andleeb Zehra
- Advanced Plant Physiology Section, Department of Botany, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India
| | - Peter Petrik
- Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Daniel Kurjak
- Department of Integrated Forest and Landscape Protection, Faculty of Forestry, Technical University in Zvolen, Zvolen, Slovakia
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16
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Evaluating salt tolerance in doubled haploid barley lines using a multivariable screening approach. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Tao R, Ding J, Li C, Zhu X, Guo W, Zhu M. Evaluating and Screening of Agro-Physiological Indices for Salinity Stress Tolerance in Wheat at the Seedling Stage. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:646175. [PMID: 33868346 PMCID: PMC8044411 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.646175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Soil salinity is a worldwide issue that affects wheat production. A comprehensive understanding of salt-tolerance mechanisms and the selection of reliable screening indices are crucial for breeding salt-tolerant wheat cultivars. In this study, 30 wheat genotypes (obtained from a rapid selection of 96 original varieties) were chosen to investigate the existing screening methods and clarify the salinity tolerance mechanisms in wheat. Ten-day-old seedlings were treated with 150 mM NaCl. Eighteen agronomic and physiological parameters were measured. The results indicated that the effects of salinity on the agronomic and physiological traits were significant. Salinity stress significantly decreased K+ content and K+/Na+ ratio in the whole plant, while the leaf K+/Na+ ratio was the strongest determinant of salinity tolerance and had a significantly positive correlation with salt tolerance. In contrast, salinity stress significantly increased Na+ concentration and relative gene expression (TaHKT1;5, TaSOS1, and TaAKT1-like). The Na+ transporter gene (TaHKT1;5) showed a significantly greater increase in expression than the K+ transporter gene (TaAKT1-like). We concluded that Na+ exclusion rather than K+ retention contributed to an optimal leaf K+/Na+ ratio. Furthermore, the present exploration revealed that, under salt stress, tolerant accessions had higher shoot water content, shoot dry weight and lower stomatal density, leaf sap osmolality, and a significantly negative correlation was observed between salt tolerance and stomatal density. This indicated that changes in stomata density may represent a fundamental mechanism by which a plant may optimize water productivity and maintain growth under saline conditions. Taken together, the leaf K+/Na+ ratio and stomatal density can be used as reliable screening indices for salt tolerance in wheat at the seedling stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Tao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Jinfeng Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Chunyan Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Xinkai Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Min Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
- Co-Innovation Centre for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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18
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Carbon Assimilation, Isotope Discrimination, Proline and Lipid Peroxidation Contribution to Barley ( Hordeum vulgare) Salinity Tolerance. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10020299. [PMID: 33557417 PMCID: PMC7915033 DOI: 10.3390/plants10020299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) exhibits great adaptability to salt tolerance in marginal environments because of its great genetic diversity. Differences in main biochemical, physiological, and molecular processes, which could explain the different tolerance to soil salinity of 16 barley varieties, were examined during a two-year field experiment. The study was conducted in a saline soil with an electrical conductivity ranging from 7.3 to 11.5 dS/m. During the experiment, a number of different physiological and biochemical characteristics were evaluated when barley was at the two- to three-nodes growing stage (BBCH code 32–33). The results indicated that there were significant (p < 0.001) effects due to varieties for tolerance to salinity. Carbon isotopes discrimination was higher by 11.8% to 16.0% in salt tolerant varieties than that in the sensitive ones. Additionally, in the tolerant varieties, assimilation rates of CO2 and proline concentration were 200% and up to 67% higher than the sensitive varieties, respectively. However, in sensitive varieties, hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation were enhanced, indicating an increased lipid peroxidation. The expression of the genes Hsdr4, HvA1, and HvTX1 did not differ among barley varieties tested. This study suggests that the increased carbon isotopes discrimination, increased proline concentration (play an osmolyte source role), and decreased lipid peroxidation are traits that are associated with barley tolerance to soil salinity. Moreover, our findings that proline improves salt tolerance by up-regulating stress-protective enzymes and reducing oxidation of lipid membranes will encourage our hypothesis that there are specific mechanisms that can be co-related with the salt sensitivity or the tolerance of barley. Therefore, further research is needed to ensure the tolerance mechanisms that exclude NaCl in salt tolerant barley varieties and diminish accumulation of lipid peroxides through adaptive plant responses.
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19
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Sade N, Weng F, Tajima H, Zeron Y, Zhang L, Rubio Wilhelmi MDM, Day G, Peleg Z, Blumwald E. A Cytoplasmic Receptor-like Kinase Contributes to Salinity Tolerance. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:plants9101383. [PMID: 33080797 PMCID: PMC7650656 DOI: 10.3390/plants9101383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) are receptor kinases that lack extracellular ligand-binding domains and have emerged as a major class of signaling proteins that regulate plant cellular activities in response to biotic/abiotic stresses and endogenous extracellular signaling molecules. We have identified a rice RLCK (OsRLCK311) that was significantly higher in transgenic pSARK-IPT rice (Oryza sativa) that exhibited enhanced growth under saline conditions. Overexpression of OsRLCK311 full-length protein (RLCK311FL) and the C-terminus of OsRLCK311 (ΔN) in Arabidopsis confirmed its role in salinity tolerance, both in seedlings and mature plants. Protein interaction assays indicated that OsRLCK311 and ΔN interacted in-vivo with the plasma membrane AQP AtPIP2;1. The RLCK311-PIP2;1 binding led to alterations in the stomata response to ABA, which was characterized by more open stomata of transgenic plants. Moreover, OsRLCK311-ΔN effect in mediating enhanced plant growth under saline conditions was also observed in the perennial grass Brachypodium sylvaticum, confirming its role in both dicots and monocots species. Lastly, OsRLCK311 interacted with the rice OsPIP2;1. We suggest that the rice OsRLCK311 play a role in regulating the plant growth response under saline conditions via the regulation of the stomata response to stress. This role seems to be independent of the RLCK311 kinase activity, since the overexpression of the RLCK311 C-terminus (ΔN), which lacks the kinase full domain, has a similar phenotype to RLCK311FL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nir Sade
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (E.B.)
| | - Fei Weng
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
- Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hiromi Tajima
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Yarden Zeron
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Maria del Mar Rubio Wilhelmi
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
| | - George Day
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
| | - Zvi Peleg
- The Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 7610001, Israel;
| | - Eduardo Blumwald
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA; (F.W.); (H.T.); (L.Z.); (M.d.M.R.W.); (G.D.)
- Correspondence: (N.S.); (E.B.)
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Revisiting the physical mutagenesis for sugarcane improvement: a stomatal prospective. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16003. [PMID: 32994498 PMCID: PMC7524725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the influence of gamma rays on stomatal parameters and the interaction of these traits with agronomy of the sugarcane crop. Three genotypes of sugarcane (NIA-0819, NIA-98, and BL4) were exposed to four doses of gamma radiation (10, 20, 30, and 40 Gy) and then subjected to field trials. Stomatal length, width, and density were observed using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, agronomic and sugar-related characteristics of the crop were determined at maturity. The stomatal parameters augmented at two lower doses of gamma radiation (10 and 20 Gy) and declined under higher doses (30 and 40 Gy). The maximum stomatal length was observed in NIA-0819 at 10 Gy (63.71 µm), whereas NIA-98 and BL4 demonstrated highest stomatal length under 20 Gy (54.11 and 57.40 µm, respectively), indicating a role of genetic factors in varietal response. Similar trend was noticed for stomatal width and density as well. The lowermost treatment (10 Gy) of NIA-0819 produced maximum stomatal density (115.31 stomata mm-2 on the abaxial surface). Adaxial stomatal density was significantly lower than the abaxial one. Sugar quality attributes revealed a different tendency. Sucrose contents of BL4 increased gradually from 12.33% at control to 14.54% at 40 Gy. Yield and yield-contributing traits of genotypes indicated a strong positive correlation with the stomatal parameters. The present study suggested that gamma radiations cause variations in stomatal characteristics of sugarcane. These changes further influence the photosynthetic activity and instigate a direct impact on the agronomic performance of the crop.
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Chen L, Zhu Z, Guo Q, Guo J, Huang Z, Zhang H. The changes of morphological and physiological characteristics in hemiparasitic Monochasma savatieri before and after attachment to the host plant. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9780. [PMID: 32879807 PMCID: PMC7443084 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monochasma savatieri is an endangered hemiparasitic medicinal plant with a variety of antioxidant, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the urgent need to understand the parasitic biology of M. savatieri, parasite-host associations have long been neglected in studies of M. savatieri. METHODS We conducted a pot cultivation experiment to analyze changes in the growth traits, physiological performance and anatomical structures of M. savatieri grown with the potential host Gardenia jasminoides E., before and after the establishment of the parasite-host association. RESULTS Prior to the establishment of the parasite-host association, the presence of the host had no significant effect on the maximum root length, leaf indexes or total dry weight of M. savatieri seedlings, but had significant positive effect on seedling height, number of roots or number of haustoria. When it was continuously grown without a host, M. savatieri growth was rather slow. The establishment of the parasite-host association enhanced the growth of M. savatieri, and higher levels of photosynthetic pigments, increased antioxidant enzyme activity and lower malondialdehyde accumulation were observed in M. savatieri with an established parasite-host association. Furthermore, an analysis of the anatomical structures of M. savatieri showed that the establishment of the parasite-host association enabled better development of the seedling vegetative organs than that in seedlings without parasite-host associations. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates the physiological and anatomical changes that occurred in M. savatieri after connection with a host and suggests that the enhanced growth and development of M. savatieri were highly dependent on the parasite-host association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanlan Chen
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zaibiao Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaosheng Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jun Guo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhigang Huang
- Huizhou Jiuhui Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Huizhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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