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Dong X, Rawiwan P, Middleditch M, Guo G, Woo MW, Quek SY. Effects of protein variations by different extraction and dehydration approaches on hempseed protein isolate: Protein pattern, amino acid profiling and label-free proteomics. Food Chem 2024; 460:140426. [PMID: 39047496 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates the effects of alkaline and micellisation extraction methods, alongside freeze-drying and spray-drying, on the protein subunits, amino acid profiles, and proteome data of hempseed protein isolate (HPI). Findings revealed that the extraction methods affect protein profiles more than the drying methods. Micellisation-extracted HPI showed higher albumin, oleosin, and sulphur-containing protein levels than alkaline-extracted HPI. The alkali-extracted undried sample (AU) gave more potentially allergenic proteins, including Hsp70 and triosephosphate isomerase, than its micellization-extracted counterpart (MU). Unique potential allergens were identified, including malate dehydrogenase and enolase in AU, and RuBisCo in MU samples. Both drying processes impacted the HPI proteome and reduced RuBisCo in the micellisation-extracted HPI. These insights highlight the crucial role of method selection in HPI processing for optimising production in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Dong
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Pattarasuda Rawiwan
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Martin Middleditch
- Technical Services, Faculty of Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand.
| | - George Guo
- Department of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Meng Wai Woo
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Siew Young Quek
- Food Science, School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, 1010, New Zealand; Riddet Institute, Centre of Research Excellence for Food Research, Palmerston North 4474, New Zealand.
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2
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Axentii M, Codină GG. Exploring the Nutritional Potential and Functionality of Hemp and Rapeseed Proteins: A Review on Unveiling Anti-Nutritional Factors, Bioactive Compounds, and Functional Attributes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1195. [PMID: 38732410 PMCID: PMC11085551 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Plant-based proteins, like those derived from hemp and rapeseed can contribute significantly to a balanced diet and meet human daily nutritional requirements by providing essential nutrients such as protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants. According to numerous recent research papers, the consumption of plant-based proteins has been associated with numerous health benefits, including a reduced risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes, and certain cancers. Plant-based diets are often lower in saturated fat and cholesterol and higher in fiber and phytonutrients, which can support overall health and well-being. Present research investigates the nutritional attributes, functional properties, and potential food applications of hemp and rapeseed protein for a potential use in new food-product development, with a certain focus on identifying anti-nutritional factors and bioactive compounds. Through comprehensive analysis, anti-nutritional factors and bioactive compounds were elucidated, shedding light on their impact on protein quality and digestibility. The study also delves into the functional properties of hemp and rapeseed protein, unveiling their versatility in various food applications. Insights from this research contribute to a deeper understanding of the nutritional value and functional potential of hemp and rapeseed protein, paving the way for their further utilization in innovative food products with enhanced nutritional value and notable health benefits.
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3
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Aita SE, Montone CM, Taglioni E, Capriotti AL. Hempseed protein-derived short- and medium-chain peptides and their multifunctional properties. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2024; 110:275-325. [PMID: 38906589 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Nowadays, the growing knowledge about the high nutritional value and potential functionality of hempseeds, the edible fruits of the Cannabis sativa L. plant, has sparked a surge in interest in exploring the worthwhile attributes of hempseed proteins and peptides. This trend aligns with the increasing popularity of hemp-based food, assuming a vital role in the global food chain. This chapter targets the nutritional and chemical composition of hempseed in terms of short- and medium-chain bioactive peptides. The analytical approaches for their characterization and multifunctional properties are summarized in detail. Moreover, the processing, functionality, and application of various hempseed protein products are discussed. In the final part of the chapter-for evaluating their propensity to be transported by intestinal cells-the transepithelial transport of peptides within hempseed protein hydrolysate is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elsa Aita
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Enrico Taglioni
- Department of Chemistry, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Karabulut G, Kahraman O, Pandalaneni K, Kapoor R, Feng H. A comprehensive review on hempseed protein: Production, functional and nutritional properties, novel modification methods, applications, and limitations. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:127240. [PMID: 37806421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.127240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
With the global population on the rise, challenges in meeting protein demands are amplified by recent crises, prompting a swift shift to alternative protein sources due to disruptions in the supply chain. Plant-based proteins are gaining momentum due to economic, cultural, and environmental considerations, aligning with the preference for sustainable diets and resulting in more affordable plant-based products. The distinction between drug and industrial hemp fuels demand for its nutritional value, digestibility, low allergenicity, and bioactive properties. Industrial hempseed, featuring minimal Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content (<0.2 %), emerges as a promising crop, offering high-quality protein and oil. The de-oiled hempseed cake stands as an eco-friendly and promising protein source enriched with phenolic compounds and fiber. Ongoing research seeks to enhance techno-functional properties of hempseed protein, surmounting initial limitations for integration into various foods. A range of techniques, both conventional and innovative, optimize protein characteristics, while modifying plant-based protein structures augments their application potential. Modification approaches like ultrasound, high-pressure homogenization, conjugation, complexation, fibrillization, and enzymatic methods enhance hempseed protein functionality. The review critically evaluates the techno-functional attributes of hempseed protein and explores strategies for customization through structural modifications. Lastly, the review assesses its composition, potential as a plant-based source, addresses challenges, and discusses strategies for enhanced functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulsah Karabulut
- Department of Food Engineering, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54187, Turkey
| | - Ozan Kahraman
- Applied Food Sciences, 2500 Crosspark Road, Coralville, IA 52241, USA
| | - Karthik Pandalaneni
- Plant Protein Innovation Center, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Ragya Kapoor
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Hao Feng
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC 27411, USA.
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5
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Bárta J, Roudnický P, Jarošová M, Zdráhal Z, Stupková A, Bártová V, Krejčová Z, Kyselka J, Filip V, Říha V, Lorenc F, Bedrníček J, Smetana P. Proteomic Profiles of Whole Seeds, Hulls, and Dehulled Seeds of Two Industrial Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Cultivars. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:111. [PMID: 38202419 PMCID: PMC10780685 DOI: 10.3390/plants13010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
As a source of nutritionally important components, hemp seeds are often dehulled for consumption and food applications by removing the hard hulls, which increases their nutritional value. The hulls thus become waste, although they may contain valuable protein items, about which there is a lack of information. The present work is therefore aimed at evaluating the proteome of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) at the whole-seed, dehulled seed, and hull levels. The evaluation was performed on two cultivars, Santhica 27 and Uso-31, using LC-MS/MS analysis. In total, 2833 protein groups (PGs) were identified, and their relative abundances were determined. A set of 88 PGs whose abundance exceeded 1000 ppm (MP88 set) was considered for further evaluation. The PGs of the MP88 set were divided into ten protein classes. Seed storage proteins were found to be the most abundant protein class: the averages of the cultivars were 65.5%, 71.3%, and 57.5% for whole seeds, dehulled seeds, and hulls, respectively. In particular, 11S globulins representing edestin (three PGs) were found, followed by 7S vicilin-like proteins (four PGs) and 2S albumins (two PGs). The storage 11S globulins in Santhica 27 and Uso-31 were found to have a higher relative abundance in the dehulled seed proteome (summing to 58.6 and 63.2%) than in the hull proteome (50.5 and 54%), respectively. The second most abundant class of proteins was oleosins, which are part of oil-body membranes. PGs belonging to metabolic proteins (e.g., energy metabolism, nucleic acid metabolism, and protein synthesis) and proteins related to the defence and stress responses were more abundant in the hulls than in the dehulled seeds. The hulls can, therefore, be an essential source of proteins, especially for medical and biotechnological applications. Proteomic analysis has proven to be a valuable tool for studying differences in the relative abundance of proteins between dehulled hemp seeds and their hulls among different cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Bárta
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (M.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Pavel Roudnický
- Mendel Centre of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.R.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Markéta Jarošová
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (M.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- Mendel Centre of Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; (P.R.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Adéla Stupková
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (M.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Veronika Bártová
- Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic; (J.B.); (M.J.); (A.S.)
| | - Zlatuše Krejčová
- HEMP PRODUCTION CZ, Ltd., 262 72 Chraštice, Czech Republic; (Z.K.); (V.Ř.)
| | - Jan Kyselka
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic (V.F.)
| | - Vladimír Filip
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic (V.F.)
| | - Václav Říha
- HEMP PRODUCTION CZ, Ltd., 262 72 Chraštice, Czech Republic; (Z.K.); (V.Ř.)
| | - František Lorenc
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Agricultural Products Quality, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic (P.S.)
| | - Jan Bedrníček
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Agricultural Products Quality, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic (P.S.)
| | - Pavel Smetana
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Agricultural Products Quality, Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia, 370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic (P.S.)
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Kim ES, Han JH, Olejar KJ, Park SH. Degeneration of oil bodies by rough endoplasmic reticulum -associated protein during seed germination in Cannabis sativa. AOB PLANTS 2023; 15:plad082. [PMID: 38094511 PMCID: PMC10718813 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Oil bodies serve as a vital energy source of embryos during germination and contribute to sustaining the initial growth of seedlings until photosynthesis initiation. Despite high stability in chemical properties, how oil bodies break down and go into the degradation process during germination is still unknown. This study provides a morphological understanding of the mobilization of stored compounds in the seed germination of Cannabis. The achenes of fibrous hemp cultivar (Cannabis sativa cv. 'Chungsam') were examined in this study using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Oil bodies in Cannabis seeds appeared spherical and sporadically distributed in the cotyledonary cells. Protein bodies contained electron-dense globoid and heterogeneous protein matrices. During seed germination, rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) and high electron-dense substances were present adjacent to the oil bodies. The border of the oil bodies became a dense cluster region and appeared as a sinuous outline. Later, irregular hyaline areas were distributed throughout oil bodies, showing the destabilized emulsification of oil bodies. Finally, the oil bodies lost their morphology and fused with each other. The storage proteins were concentrated in the centre of the protein body as a dense homogenous circular mass surrounded by a light heterogeneous area. Some storage proteins are considered emulsifying agents on the surface region of oil bodies, enabling them to remain stable and distinct within and outside cotyledon cells. At the early germination stage, rER appeared and dense substances aggregated adjacent to the oil bodies. Certain proteins were synthesized within the rER and then translocated into the oil bodies by crossing the half membrane of oil bodies. Our data suggest that rER-associated proteins function as enzymes to lyse the emulsifying proteins, thereby weakening the emulsifying agent on the surface of the oil bodies. This process plays a key role in the degeneration of oil bodies and induces coalescence during seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Soo Kim
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
| | - Joon-Hee Han
- Institute of Biological Resources, Chuncheon Bioindustry Foundation, 32, Soyanggang-ro, Chuncheon-si, Gangwon-do 24232, Republic of Korea
| | - Kenneth J Olejar
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
| | - Sang-Hyuck Park
- Institute of Cannabis Research, Colorado State University-Pueblo, 2200 Bonforte Blvd. Pueblo, CO 81001-4901, USA
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7
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Montserrat-de la Paz S, Villanueva-Lazo A, Millan F, Martin-Santiago V, Rivero-Pino F, Millan-Linares MC. Production and identification of immunomodulatory peptides in intestine cells obtained from hemp industrial by-products. Food Res Int 2023; 174:113616. [PMID: 37986471 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hemp seeds have attracted the interest of the food industry recently, to be employed as functional food, considering their nutritional composition, highlighting the high content and quality of the proteins. In this study, ten hemp protein hydrolysates (HPHs) were obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis with two food-grade proteases from a hemp protein isolate and the inflammatory properties were evaluated in Caco-2 cell line. To this end, the gene expression and the release of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines by Caco-2 cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide and treated with HPHs at concentrations of 50 and 100 μg/mL were analyzed. The peptides contained in each HPH were identified and those with higher quality of the match in the spectrum were subjected to in silico analyses to determine which peptides were bioactive and contributing to the immunomodulatory activity of the hydrolysates. The results suggest that the immunomodulatory properties of these HPHs could have a beneficial effect at the level of the intestinal epithelium. The HPH20A and HPH60A + 15F exerted high immunomodulatory properties based on the cytokine levels release. The oligopeptides MAEKEGFEWVSF and GLHLPSYTNTPQLVYIVK were proposed as the most active ones. The potential of these peptides as nutraceuticals to prevent or pretreat intestinal inflammation is promising, though requires validation by in vivo assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Montserrat-de la Paz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain.
| | - Alvaro Villanueva-Lazo
- Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco Millan
- Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
| | - Victoria Martin-Santiago
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Fernando Rivero-Pino
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain
| | - Maria C Millan-Linares
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Seville, Spain; Department of Food and Health, Instituto de la Grasa, CSIC, Ctra. Utrera Km 1, 41013 Seville, Spain
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8
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Rizzo G, Storz MA, Calapai G. The Role of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) as a Functional Food in Vegetarian Nutrition. Foods 2023; 12:3505. [PMID: 37761214 PMCID: PMC10528039 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, there has been a renewed interest in Cannabis sativa and its uses. The recreational use of inflorescences as a source of THC has led to the legal restriction of C. sativa cultivation to limit the detrimental effects of psychotropic substance abuse on health. However, this has also limited the cultivation of textile/industrial varieties with a low content of THC used for textile and nutritional purposes. While previously the bans had significantly penalized the cultivation of C. sativa, today many countries discriminate between recreational use (marijuana) and industrial and food use (hemp). The stalks of industrial hemp (low in psychotropic substances) have been used extensively for textile purposes while the seeds are nutritionally versatile. From hemp seeds, it is possible to obtain flours applicable in the bakery sector, oils rich in essential fatty acids, proteins with a high biological value and derivatives for fortification, supplementation and nutraceutical purposes. Hemp seed properties seem relevant for vegetarian diets, due to their high nutritional value and underestimated employment in the food sector. Hemp seed and their derivatives are a valuable source of protein, essential fatty acids and minerals that could provide additional benefit to vegetarian nutrition. This document aims to explore the information available in the literature about hemp seeds from a nutritional point of view, highlighting possible beneficial effects for humans with particular attention to vegetarian nutrition as a supplemental option for a well-planned diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Rizzo
- Independent Researcher, Via Venezuela 66, 98121 Messina, Italy
| | - Maximilian Andreas Storz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Centre for Complementary Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
| | - Gioacchino Calapai
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy;
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Lammi C. Plant bioactive peptides for cardiovascular disease prevention. ADVANCES IN FOOD AND NUTRITION RESEARCH 2023; 106:219-239. [PMID: 37722773 DOI: 10.1016/bs.afnr.2023.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of deaths in industrialized countries and a constantly growing cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide Hypercholesterolemia is one of the main risk factors for CVD progression that may be prevented by lifestyle changes, including diet. This chapter will discuss the role of peptides from plants (soybean, lupin, cowpea, hempseed, and rice bran) sources with pleotropic activity for the prevention of CVD. Overall, the bioactivity that will be mainly discussed it is the hypocholesterolemic one. The very diversified structures of the hypocholesterolemic peptides so far identified explains the reason why they exert their activity through different mechanisms of action that will be extensively described in this review. Doubtlessly, their potential use in nutritional application is desirable, however, only few of them have been tested in vivo. Therefore, more efforts need to be pursued for singling out good candidates for the development of functional foods or dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.
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10
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Beriziky P, Cherkaoui M, Linxe L, Perrin E, Rogniaux H, Denery-Papini S, Morisset M, Larré C, Dijk W. Hemp seed: An allergen source with potential cross-reactivity to hazelnut. Food Res Int 2023; 169:112932. [PMID: 37254358 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The increasing exposure of the population to Cannabis sativa has revealed allergies to different parts of the plant, among which hemp seed. Nonetheless, the major hemp seed allergens remain to be identified. Several known families of allergens are present in hemp seed, including notably seed storage proteins. We therefore aimed to investigate the potential allergenicity of the hemp seed storage proteins and their potential cross-reactivity to different seeds and nuts. For this, we extracted hemp seed proteins sequentially using buffers with increasing levels of salinity (H2O, T2 and T3) to yield extracts differentially enriched in storage proteins. We used these extracts to perform immunoblots and ELISAs using sera of patients either sensitized to hemp seeds or sensitized/allergic to other seeds and nuts. Immunoblots and proteomics analyses identified vicilins and edestins as potential hemp seed allergens. Moreover, ELISA analyses revealed a correlation between sensitization to hazelnut and the hemp seed T3 extract (enriched in storage proteins). The possible cross-reactivity between hazelnut and hemp seed proteins was further strengthened by the results from inhibition ELISAs: the incubation of sera from hazelnut-sensitized individuals with increasing concentrations of the T3 extract inhibited serum IgE binding to the hazelnut extract by about 25-30%. Our study thus identifies vicilins and edestins as potential hemp seed allergens and highlights a possible cross-reactivity with hazelnut. The clinical relevance of this cross-reactivity between hemp seed and hazelnut needs to be further investigated in hazelnut-allergic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Princy Beriziky
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France; CHU d'Angers, unité d'allergologie, Angers, France
| | - Mehdi Cherkaoui
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France; INRAE, PROBE research infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
| | | | | | - Hélène Rogniaux
- INRAE, UR BIA, F-44316, Nantes, France; INRAE, PROBE research infrastructure, BIBS Facility, F-44316 Nantes, France
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11
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Camargo FDG, Santamaria-Torres M, Cala MP, Guevara-Suarez M, Restrepo SR, Sánchez-Camargo A, Fernández-Niño M, Corujo M, Gallo Molina AC, Cifuentes J, Serna JA, Cruz JC, Muñoz-Camargo C, Gonzalez Barrios AF. Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction, Non-Targeted LC-QTOF-MS Based Metabolomics Data, and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity of Cannabis sativa Leaf Extracts. Metabolites 2023; 13:788. [PMID: 37512495 PMCID: PMC10385671 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13070788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades, Colombia has suffered complex social problems related to illicit crops, including forced displacement, violence, and environmental damage, among other consequences for vulnerable populations. Considerable effort has been made in the regulation of illicit crops, predominantly Cannabis sativa, leading to advances such as the legalization of medical cannabis and its derivatives, the improvement of crops, and leaving an open window to the development of scientific knowledge to explore alternative uses. It is estimated that C. sativa can produce approximately 750 specialized secondary metabolites. Some of the most relevant due to their anticancer properties, besides cannabinoids, are monoterpenes, sesquiterpenoids, triterpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. However, despite the increase in scientific research on the subject, it is necessary to study the primary and secondary metabolism of the plant and to identify key pathways that explore its great metabolic potential. For this purpose, a genome-scale metabolic reconstruction of C. sativa is described and contextualized using LC-QTOF-MS metabolic data obtained from the leaf extract from plants grown in the region of Pesca-Boyaca, Colombia under greenhouse conditions at the Clever Leaves facility. A compartmentalized model with 2101 reactions and 1314 metabolites highlights pathways associated with fatty acid biosynthesis, steroids, and amino acids, along with the metabolism of purine, pyrimidine, glucose, starch, and sucrose. Key metabolites were identified through metabolomic data, such as neurine, cannabisativine, cannflavin A, palmitoleic acid, cannabinoids, geranylhydroquinone, and steroids. They were analyzed and integrated into the reconstruction, and their potential applications are discussed. Cytotoxicity assays revealed high anticancer activity against gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), melanoma cells (A375), and lung carcinoma cells (A549), combined with negligible impact against healthy human skin cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fidias D González Camargo
- Group of Product and Process Design, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
- Applied Genomics Research Group Vice-Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Mary Santamaria-Torres
- Metabolomics Core Facility-MetCore Vice-Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Mónica P Cala
- Metabolomics Core Facility-MetCore Vice-Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Marcela Guevara-Suarez
- Applied Genomics Research Group Vice-Presidency for Research and Creation, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Silvia Restrepo Restrepo
- Laboratory of Mycology and Phytopathology (LAMFU), Department of Biological Sciences and Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Andrea Sánchez-Camargo
- Group of Product and Process Design, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Miguel Fernández-Niño
- Leibniz-Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, 06110 Halle, Germany
| | - María Corujo
- Ecomedics S.A.S., Commercially Known as Clever Leaves, Calle 95 # 11A-94, Bogota 110221, Colombia
| | - Ada Carolina Gallo Molina
- Chemical and Biochemical Processes Group, Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, National University of Colombia, Bogotá 11001, Colombia
| | - Javier Cifuentes
- Research Group on Nanobiomaterials, Cell Engineering and Bioprinting (GINIB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Julian A Serna
- Research Group on Nanobiomaterials, Cell Engineering and Bioprinting (GINIB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Juan C Cruz
- Research Group on Nanobiomaterials, Cell Engineering and Bioprinting (GINIB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Carolina Muñoz-Camargo
- Research Group on Nanobiomaterials, Cell Engineering and Bioprinting (GINIB), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
| | - Andrés F Gonzalez Barrios
- Group of Product and Process Design, Department of Chemical and Food Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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12
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Nutritional composition, ultrastructural characterization, and peptidome profile of antioxidant hemp protein hydrolysates. FOOD BIOSCI 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
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13
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Xu J, Bai M, Song H, Yang L, Zhu D, Liu H. Hemp (Cannabis sativa subsp. sativa) Chemical Composition and the Application of Hempseeds in Food Formulations. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 77:504-513. [PMID: 36112300 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-022-01013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Owing to its nutritional and medicinal value, hemp has been cultivated to provide since ancient times. This review aims to map the scientific literature concerning the main functional components and the chemical composition of hemp plant. It is generally acknowledged that each organ of the hemp plant embodies a valuable source, and among them the most pivotal part is the edible fruits hempseeds. Hempseeds are rich in easily digestible proteins, fats, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and insoluble fiber, which are of high nutritional value. Furthermore, the beneficial effects have increased researchers' interests in hempseeds-containing foods. Developed as an indispensable ingredient, hempseed is also a significant supplement in various products, such as bakery food, drinks, snacks and culinary products. Overall, this review intends to promote the further in-depth investigation of approved hemp plants and expand the range of hempseeds adoption in the functional foods field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Xu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, Songshan New Region, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 121013
| | - Miao Bai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, Songshan New Region, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 121013
| | - Hong Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, Songshan New Region, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 121013
| | - Lina Yang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, Songshan New Region, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 121013
| | - Danshi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, Songshan New Region, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 121013
| | - He Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, 19 Keji Road, Songshan New Region, Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, 121013.
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14
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Antioxidant Properties of Hemp Proteins: From Functional Food to Phytotherapy and Beyond. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227924. [PMID: 36432024 PMCID: PMC9693028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the oldest plants cultivated by humans, hemp used to be banned in the United States but returned as a legal crop in 2018. Since then, the United States has become the leading hemp producer in the world. Currently, hemp attracts increasing attention from consumers and scientists as hemp products provide a wide spectrum of potential functions. Particularly, bioactive peptides derived from hemp proteins have been proven to be strong antioxidants, which is an extremely hot research topic in recent years. However, some controversial disputes and unknown issues are still underway to be explored and verified in the aspects of technique, methodology, characteristic, mechanism, application, caution, etc. Therefore, this review focusing on the antioxidant properties of hemp proteins is necessary to discuss the multiple critical issues, including in vitro structure-modifying techniques and antioxidant assays, structure-activity relationships of antioxidant peptides, pre-clinical studies on hemp proteins and pathogenesis-related molecular mechanisms, usage and potential hazard, and novel advanced techniques involving bioinformatics methodology (QSAR, PPI, GO, KEGG), proteomic analysis, and genomics analysis, etc. Taken together, the antioxidant potential of hemp proteins may provide both functional food benefits and phytotherapy efficacy to human health.
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15
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Kutzli I, Zhou J, Li T, Baier SK, Mezzenga R. Formation and characterization of plant-based amyloid fibrils from hemp seed protein. Food Hydrocoll 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2022.108307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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El-Sohaimy SA, Androsova NV, Toshev AD, El Enshasy HA. Nutritional Quality, Chemical, and Functional Characteristics of Hemp (Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa) Protein Isolate. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11212825. [PMID: 36365277 PMCID: PMC9656340 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: Hemp seeds are a source of plant-based protein, making them an appropriate supplement to a plant-based diet. The current work was focused on the preparation of the protein isolate from the hemp seeds with eco-friendly and cheap technology. Moreover, it evaluated the physicochemical and functional properties of hemp protein isolate for its potential application in food manufacturing. (2) Methods: The protein content of hemp seeds has been isolated through two main steps: (1) extraction of the protein content of an alkaline pH (10-12); (2) precipitation of the extracted protein on an acidic pH as an isoelectric point (pH = 4.5). (3) Results: The edastin protein is the most predominant protein in the protein profile with a molecular weight of 58.1 KDa beside albumin with a molecular weight of 31.5 KDa. The FTIR spectrum detected the absorption peaks of the amide I at 1750 and 1600 cm-1, which pointed to C=O stretching while N-H stretching at 1650-1580 cm-1. The peak at 3250 is found to be related to N-H stretching of the aliphatic primary amine (3400-3300 cm-1) and the N-H stretching for the secondary (II) amine appeared at 3350-3310 cm-1. The Hemp protein isolate (HPI) showed a high content of arginine (15.52 g/100 g), phenylalanine + tyrosine (9.63 g/100 g), methionine + cysteine (5.49 g/100 g), leucine + isoleucine (5.21 g/100 g), and valine (4.53 g/100 g). It contains a moderate level of threonine (3.29 g/100 g) and lysine (2.50 g/100 g) with tryptophan as the limiting amino acid (0.22 g/100 g). The HPI showed an appropriate water-and-oil holding capacity (4.5 ± 2.95 and 2.33 ± 1.88 mL/g, respectively). The foaming capacity of the HPI was increased with increasing the pH values to reach the maximum value at pH 11 (67.23 ± 3.20%). The highest emulsion ability index of the HPI was noted at pH 9 (91.3 ± 2.57 m2/g) with low stability (19.15 ± 2.03). (4) Conclusions: A strong positive correlation (r = 0.623) was shown between protein concentration and solubility. The current easy-to-use, cheap, and eco-friendly technology provides the industrial sector with a cheap protein isolate for manufacturing protein-rich diet and beverages. The HPI showed a good nutritional quality and functional properties that might be helpful in utilizing it in different food products such as beverages and bakery products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sobhy Ahmed El-Sohaimy
- Department of Technology and Organization of Public Catering, Institute of Sport Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 4544080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
- Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, City of Scientific Research and Technological Applications, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
| | - Natalia Vladimirovna Androsova
- Department of Technology and Organization of Public Catering, Institute of Sport Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 4544080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Abduvali Djabarovich Toshev
- Department of Technology and Organization of Public Catering, Institute of Sport Tourism and Service, South Ural State University, 4544080 Chelyabinsk, Russia
| | - Hesham Ali El Enshasy
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia
- City of Scientific Research and Technology Applications (SRTA), New Burg Al Arab, Alexandria 21934, Egypt
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17
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Fallahi S, Bobak Ł, Opaliński S. Hemp in Animal Diets—Cannabidiol. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192541. [PMID: 36230282 PMCID: PMC9559627 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, interest in hemp use has grown owing to its chemical and medicinal properties. Several parts of this plant, such as seeds, leaves, flowers, and stems are used in medicine, industry, and environmental preservation. Although there were legal restrictions on hemp exploitation in some countries due to the trace presence of THC as a psychoactive element, many countries have legalized it in recent years. Cannabidiol or CBD is a non-psychoactive phytocannabinoid that can activate the endocannabinoid system and its receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system in bodies of different species. Cannabidiol has anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, analgesic, and anti-depressant effects. This review investigates various aspects of cannabidiol use and its potential in animals and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Fallahi
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Łukasz Bobak
- Department of Functional Food Products Development, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Sebastian Opaliński
- Department of Environmental Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences, 51-630 Wrocław, Poland
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18
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Leonard W, Zhang P, Ying D, Nie S, Tindal E, Fang Z. Transformation of hempseed (Cannabis sativa L.) oil cake proteome, structure and functionality after extrusion. Food Chem 2022; 384:132499. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.132499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Ning K, Hou C, Wei X, Zhou Y, Zhang S, Chen Y, Yu H, Dong L, Chen S. Metabolomics Analysis Revealed the Characteristic Metabolites of Hemp Seeds Varieties and Metabolites Responsible for Antioxidant Properties. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:904163. [PMID: 35800608 PMCID: PMC9253560 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.904163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Hemp seeds are rich in metabolites such as protein, lipids and flavonoids, which are beneficial to health and can be used as a nutritional supplement. Few studies have focused on the metabolites of different hemp seed varieties. In the current study, using widely targeted metabolomics based on UHPLC-QQQ-MS/MS, we compared the metabolomes of seeds from seven hemp varieties with different uses. A total of 1,001 metabolites, including 201 flavonoids, 86 alkaloids, and 149 phenolic acids, were identified. Flavonoids, organic acids, alkaloids, lipids, and fatty acids with high nutritional value are important to investigate the differences between hemp accessions. By using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), six modules of closely related metabolites were identified. And, we identified the metabolite characteristics and hub metabolites of each variety. Then, we experimentally determined antioxidant activity of seven varieties and demonstrated that alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, and free fatty acids are responsible for the antioxidant activity of hemp seeds. Our research provides useful information for further investigation of the chemical composition of hemp seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Ning
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Cong Hou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiuye Wei
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuxin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shuanghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haibin Yu
- Yunnan Hemp Industrial Investment CO.LTD, Kunming, China
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Linlin Dong,
| | - Shilin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Shilin Chen,
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20
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What You Extract Is What You Get: Different Methods of Protein Extraction from Hemp Seeds. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8120231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. seeds are rich in essential polyunsaturated fatty acids and highly digestible proteins, with a good nutritional value. Proteomics studies on hempseed reported so far have mainly been conducted on processed seeds and, to our knowledge, no optimization of protein extraction from hemp seeds has been performed. This study investigates the SDS-PAGE profile of hempseed proteins comparing different methods of extraction, (Osborne sequential extraction, TCA/acetone, MTBE/methanol, direct protein solubilization of defatted hempseed flour), two conditions to keep low temperature during seed grinding (liquid nitrogen or ice) and two solubilization buffers (urea-based or Laemmli buffer). Among the tested conditions, the combination of liquid nitrogen + TCA/acetone + Laemmli buffer was not compatible with SDS-PAGE of proteins. On the other hand, urea-based buffer achieved more reproducible results if combined with all the other conditions. TCA/acetone, MTBE/methanol, and direct protein solubilization of defatted hempseed flour demonstrated a good overview of protein content, but less abundant proteins were poorly represented. The Osborne sequential separation was helpful in diluting abundant proteins thus enhancing the method sensitivity.
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21
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Wu B, Li Y, Li J, Xie Z, Luan M, Gao C, Shi Y, Chen S. Genome-Wide Analysis of Alternative Splicing and Non-Coding RNAs Reveal Complicated Transcriptional Regulation in Cannabis sativa L. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111989. [PMID: 34769433 PMCID: PMC8584933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
It is of significance to mine the structural genes related to the biosynthetic pathway of fatty acid (FA) and cellulose as well as explore the regulatory mechanism of alternative splicing (AS), microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in the biosynthesis of cannabinoids, FA and cellulose, which would enhance the knowledge of gene expression and regulation at post-transcriptional level in Cannabis sativa L. In this study, transcriptome, small RNA and degradome libraries of hemp 'Yunma No.1' were established, and comprehensive analysis was performed. As a result, a total of 154, 32 and 331 transcripts encoding key enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of cannabinoids, FA and cellulose were predicted, respectively, among which AS occurred in 368 transcripts. Moreover, 183 conserved miRNAs, 380 C. sativa-specific miRNAs and 7783 lncRNAs were predicted. Among them, 70 miRNAs and 17 lncRNAs potentially targeted 13 and 17 transcripts, respectively, encoding key enzymes or transporters involved in the biosynthesis of cannabinoids, cellulose or FA. Finally, the crosstalk between AS and miRNAs or lncRNAs involved in cannabinoids and cellulose was also predicted. In summary, all these results provided insights into the complicated network of gene expression and regulation in C. sativa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wu
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yanni Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Jishuang Li
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Zhenzhen Xie
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China; (B.W.); (Y.L.); (J.L.); (Z.X.)
| | - Mingbao Luan
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (M.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Chunsheng Gao
- Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China; (M.L.); (C.G.)
| | - Yuhua Shi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
| | - Shilin Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China;
- Correspondence:
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22
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Aiello G, Li Y, Xu R, Boschin G, Juodeikiene G, Arnoldi A. Composition of the Protein Ingredients from Insoluble Oat Byproducts Treated with Food-Grade Enzymes, Such as Amylase, Cellulose/Xylanase, and Protease. Foods 2021; 10:foods10112695. [PMID: 34828977 PMCID: PMC8623069 DOI: 10.3390/foods10112695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The manufacture of plant-based drinks has the drawback of a huge production of underexploited press cakes. In particular, the oat press cake is mainly used in feed formulation, whereas added-value applications in human nutrition are scarce. Considering that enzymatic treatments may be useful to improve the nutritional quality of these insoluble byproducts, this study aimed to evaluate whether the treatment with some food-grade enzymes, such as amylase, cellulase/xylanase, protease, and their combination, may be useful to achieve this goal. Proteomic and peptidomic studies showed that the enzymatic treatments improved the protein extraction yields and induced a release of low molecular weight (LMW) peptides that were demonstrated to provide a useful antioxidant activity. In the treated oat press cake proteins, the concentration of the bound phenolic compounds was decreased, with the exception of caffeic acid, which was increased, and avenanthramides, which remained unchanged. Finally, the enzymatic treatment decreased the concentration of phytic acid. All these results indicate that the enzymatic treatments may be useful to ameliorate the nutritional profile of these protein ingredients, before their inclusion in different food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Aiello
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Telematic University San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (Y.L.); (R.X.); (G.B.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0250319293
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (Y.L.); (R.X.); (G.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Ruoxian Xu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (Y.L.); (R.X.); (G.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (Y.L.); (R.X.); (G.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Grazina Juodeikiene
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania;
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (Y.L.); (R.X.); (G.B.); (A.A.)
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23
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Saini P, Panghal A, Mittal V, Gupta R. Hempseed (
Cannabis sativa
L.) bulk mass modeling based on engineering properties. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.13929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Saini
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, AICRP‐PHET Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Anil Panghal
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, AICRP‐PHET Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Vipul Mittal
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, AICRP‐PHET Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
| | - Ravi Gupta
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, AICRP‐PHET Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University Hisar Haryana India
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24
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Nutritional Profile and Potential Health Benefits of Super Foods: A Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13169240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The advancement within the food and nutrition sector has resulted in the development of a special category of food, particularly referred to as “superfoods”. Superfoods are special kind of foods capable of exhibiting different positive effects involving prevention of different ailments, provide impetus to the immune system, and essential macro- and micro-nutrients in ample quantities. Nowadays, these are gaining considerable attention due to the increased health consciousness of consumers. In contrast to their exceptional health or even medicinal benefits, which are based on their long history of use, the concept of superfoods is still little understood. The category of superfoods mainly comprises different types of fruits, vegetables, grains, etc. This review sheds light on the nutritional composition as well as the possible intervention in the prevention of various chronic ailments of some significant superfoods. This manuscript could help consumers to use superfoods as part of their diet more often and very effectively.
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25
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Kotecka-Majchrzak K, Kasałka-Czarna N, Sumara A, Fornal E, Montowska M. Multispecies Identification of Oilseed- and Meat-Specific Proteins and Heat-Stable Peptide Markers in Food Products. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061577. [PMID: 33809348 PMCID: PMC7998630 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumer demand for both plant products and meat products enriched with plant raw materials is constantly increasing. Therefore, new versatile and reliable methods are needed to find and combat fraudulent practices in processed foods. The objective of this study was to identify oilseed species-specific peptide markers and meat-specific markers that were resistant to processing, for multispecies authentication of different meat and vegan food products using the proteomic LC-MS/MS method. To assess the limit of detection (LOD) for hemp proteins, cooked meatballs consisting of three meat species and hemp cake at a final concentration of up to 7.4% were examined. Hemp addition at a low concentration of below 1% was detected. The LOD for edestin subunits and albumin was 0.9% (w/w), whereas for 7S vicilin-like protein it was 4.2% (w/w). Specific heat-stable peptides unique to hemp seeds, flaxseed, nigella, pumpkin, sesame, and sunflower seeds, as well as guinea fowl, rabbit, pork, and chicken meat, were detected in different meat and vegan foods. Most of the oilseed-specific peptides were identified as processing-resistant markers belonging to 11S globulin subunits, namely conlinin, edestin, helianthinin, pumpkin vicilin-like or late embryogenesis proteins, and sesame legumin-like as well as 2S albumins and oleosin isoforms or selected enzymic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kotecka-Majchrzak
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.-M.); (N.K.-C.)
| | - Natalia Kasałka-Czarna
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.-M.); (N.K.-C.)
| | - Agata Sumara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090 Lublin, Poland; (A.S.); (E.F.)
| | - Magdalena Montowska
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624 Poznan, Poland; (K.K.-M.); (N.K.-C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-848-7257
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26
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Aiello G, Pugliese R, Rueller L, Bollati C, Bartolomei M, Li Y, Robert J, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. Assessment of the Physicochemical and Conformational Changes of Ultrasound-Driven Proteins Extracted from Soybean Okara Byproduct. Foods 2021; 10:foods10030562. [PMID: 33800391 PMCID: PMC7998950 DOI: 10.3390/foods10030562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at the valorization of the okara byproduct deriving form soy food manufacturing, by using ultrasound at different temperatures for extracting the residual proteins. The physicochemical and conformational changes of the extracted proteins were investigated in order to optimize the procedure. Increasing the temperature from 20 up to 80 °C greatly enhanced the yields and the protein solubility without affecting the viscosity. The protein secondary and tertiary structures were also gradually modified in a significant way. After the ultrasonication at the highest temperature, a significant morphological transition from well-defined single round structures to highly aggregated ones was observed, which was confirmed by measuring the water contact angles and wettability. After the ultrasound process, the improvement of peptides generation and the different amino acid exposition within the protein led to an increase of the antioxidant properties. The integrated strategy applied in this study allows to foster the okara protein obtained after ultrasound extraction as valuable materials for new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Aiello
- Department of Human Science and Quality of Life Promotion, Telematic University San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raffaele Pugliese
- NeMO Lab., ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20133 Milan, Italy;
| | - Lukas Rueller
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany; (L.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (Y.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Martina Bartolomei
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (Y.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Yuchen Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (Y.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Josef Robert
- Fraunhofer Institute for Environmental, Safety and Energy Technology UMSICHT, 46047 Oberhausen, Germany; (L.R.); (J.R.)
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (Y.L.); (A.A.)
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy; (C.B.); (M.B.); (Y.L.); (A.A.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-025-0319-372
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Biochemical aspects of seeds from Cannabis sativa L. plants grown in a mountain environment. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3927. [PMID: 33594196 PMCID: PMC7887209 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83290-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. (hemp) is a versatile plant which can adapt to various environmental conditions. Hempseeds provide high quality lipids, mainly represented by polyunsaturated acids, and highly digestible proteins rich of essential aminoacids. Hempseed composition can vary according to plant genotype, but other factors such as agronomic and climatic conditions can affect the presence of nutraceutic compounds. In this research, seeds from two cultivars of C. sativa (Futura 75 and Finola) grown in a mountain environment of the Italian Alps were analyzed. The main purpose of this study was to investigate changes in the protein profile of seeds obtained from such environments, using two methods (sequential and total proteins) for protein extraction and two analytical approaches SDS-PAGE and 2D-gel electrophoresis, followed by protein identification by mass spectrometry. The fatty acids profile and carotenoids content were also analysed. Mountain environments mainly affected fatty acid and protein profiles of Finola seeds. These changes were not predictable by the sole comparison of certified seeds from Futura 75 and Finola cultivars. The fatty acid profile confirmed a high PUFA content in both cultivars from mountain area, while protein analysis revealed a decrease in the protein content of Finola seeds from the experimental fields.
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28
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Kotecka-Majchrzak K, Sumara A, Fornal E, Montowska M. Proteomic analysis of oilseed cake: a comparative study of species-specific proteins and peptides extracted from ten seed species. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2021; 101:297-306. [PMID: 32629549 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years there has been a visible trend among consumers to move away from consuming meat in favor of plant products. Meat producers have therefore been trying to meet the expectations of consumers by introducing new products to the food market with a greater proportion of plant ingredients. Meat products are enriched not only by the addition of vegetable oils but also by ground or whole oilseeds or their preparation. In this study, we present in-solution tryptic digestion and an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS)-based proteomics approach to investigate specific proteins and peptides of ten oilseed cakes, by-products of cold pressing oil from coconut, evening primrose, hemp, flax, milk thistle, nigella, pumpkin, rapeseed, sesame, and sunflower seeds, for authentication purposes. RESULTS We identified a total of 229 unique oilseed proteins. The number of specific proteins varied depending on the sample, from 4 to 48 in evening primrose and sesame. Moreover, we identified approximately 440 oilseed unique peptides in the cakes of all the analyzed oilseeds; the largest amounts were found in sesame (107 peptides), sunflower (100), pumpkin, hemp (42), rapeseed (36), and flax cake (35 peptides). CONCLUSIONS We provide novel information on unique / species-specific peptide markers that will extend the scope of testing the authenticity of a wide range of foods. The results of this peptide discovery experiment may further contribute to the development of targeted methods for the detection and quantification of oilseed proteins in processed foods, and thus to the improvement of food quality. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Agata Sumara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Montowska
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Kotecka-Majchrzak K, Sumara A, Fornal E, Montowska M. Oilseed proteins – Properties and application as a food ingredient. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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30
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Kotecka-Majchrzak K, Sumara A, Fornal E, Montowska M. Identification of species-specific peptide markers in cold-pressed oils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19971. [PMID: 33203972 PMCID: PMC7672054 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76944-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, cold-pressed vegetable oils have become very popular on the global market. Therefore, new versatile methods with high sensitivity and specificity are needed to find and combat fraudulent practices. The objective of this study was to identify oilseed species-specific peptide markers, using proteomic techniques, for authentication of 10 cold-pressed oils. In total, over 380 proteins and 1050 peptides were detected in the samples. Among those peptides, 92 were found to be species-specific and unique to coconut, evening primrose, flax, hemp, milk thistle, nigella, pumpkin, rapeseed, sesame, and sunflower oilseed species. Most of the specific peptides were released from major seed storage proteins (11 globulins, 2S albumins), and oleosins. Additionally, the presence of allergenic proteins in the cold-pressed oils, including pumpkin Cuc ma 5, sunflower Hel a 3, and six sesame allergens (Ses i 1, Ses i 2, Ses i 3, Ses i 4, Ses i 6, and Ses i 7) was confirmed in this study. This study provides novel information on specific peptides that will help to monitor and verify the declared composition of cold-pressed oil as well as the presence of food allergens. This study can be useful in the era of widely used unlawful practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kotecka-Majchrzak
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Sumara
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Emilia Fornal
- Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Magdalena Montowska
- Department of Meat Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 31, 60-624, Poznan, Poland.
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31
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Kovalchuk I, Pellino M, Rigault P, van Velzen R, Ebersbach J, Ashnest JR, Mau M, Schranz ME, Alcorn J, Laprairie RB, McKay JK, Burbridge C, Schneider D, Vergara D, Kane NC, Sharbel TF. The Genomics of Cannabis and Its Close Relatives. ANNUAL REVIEW OF PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 71:713-739. [PMID: 32155342 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-040203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Cannabis sativa L. is an important yet controversial plant with a long history of recreational, medicinal, industrial, and agricultural use, and together with its sister genus Humulus, it represents a group of plants with a myriad of academic, agricultural, pharmaceutical, industrial, and social interests. We have performed a meta-analysis of pooled published genomics data, andwe present a comprehensive literature review on the evolutionary history of Cannabis and Humulus, including medicinal and industrial applications. We demonstrate that current Cannabis genome assemblies are incomplete, with ∼10% missing, 10-25% unmapped, and 45S and 5S ribosomal DNA clusters as well as centromeres/satellite sequences not represented. These assemblies are also ordered at a low resolution, and their consensus quality clouds the accurate annotation of complete, partial, and pseudogenized gene copies. Considering the importance of genomics in the development of any crop, this analysis underlines the need for a coordinated effort to quantify the genetic and biochemical diversity of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Kovalchuk
- Department of Biology, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - M Pellino
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 4J8, Canada;
| | - P Rigault
- Gydle Inc., Québec, Québec G1S 1E7, Canada
- Center for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R van Velzen
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Bedrocan International, 9640 CA Veendam, The Netherlands
| | - J Ebersbach
- Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - J R Ashnest
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 4J8, Canada;
| | - M Mau
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 4J8, Canada;
| | - M E Schranz
- Biosystematics Group, Wageningen University, 6703 BD Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Alcorn
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - R B Laprairie
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - J K McKay
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA
| | - C Burbridge
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - D Schneider
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - D Vergara
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - N C Kane
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - T F Sharbel
- College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 4J8, Canada;
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32
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Rodriguez-Martin NM, Toscano R, Villanueva A, Pedroche J, Millan F, Montserrat-de la Paz S, Millan-Linares MC. Neuroprotective protein hydrolysates from hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds. Food Funct 2020; 10:6732-6739. [PMID: 31576391 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01904a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds are well known for their potential use as a source of nutrients, fiber, and bioactive compounds. A hemp protein isolate, prepared from defatted hemp flour, was hydrolyzed by alcalase and flavourzyme under specific conditions. The resulting hydrolysates were evaluated for the selection of potentially bioactive hemp protein hydrolysates (HPHs) owing to their DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing antioxidant power activity. In vitro cell-free experiments led to the identification of two bioactive HPHs, HPH20A and HPH60A + 15AF, which were used at 50 and 100 μg mL-1 on BV-2 microglial cells in order to evaluate the anti-neuroinflammatory activities. Our results showed that HPH20A and HPH60A + 15AF down-regulated TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 mRNA transcriptional levels in LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglial cells. In addition, HPH20A and HPH60A + 15AF up-regulated the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. This study suggests for the first time that HPHs may improve the neuroinflammatory and inflammatory states, supporting the nutraceutical value of hemp seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia M Rodriguez-Martin
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Immunology, School of Medicine, Universidad de Sevilla, Av. Dr. Fedriani 3, 41071 Seville, Spain.
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33
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Dapčević-Hadnađev T, Hadnađev M, Dizdar M, Lješković NJ. Functional and Bioactive Properties of Hemp Proteins. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-41384-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Righetti PG, Boschetti E. Low-abundance plant protein enrichment with peptide libraries to enlarge proteome coverage and related applications. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 290:110302. [PMID: 31779915 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 09/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In plant tissues proteins are present in low amounts but in a very large number. To this peculiar situation many complex foreign components render protein extraction and purification very difficult. In the last several years interesting technologies have been described to improve the technical situation to the point that some methodologies allow reaching very low-abundance proteins and minor allergens. Among enrichment methods the one documented in this report is based on combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (CPLLs) that emerged in the last decade by contributing to largely improve the knowledge in plant proteomics. It is the aim of this review to describe how this technology allows detecting low-abundance proteins from various plant tissues and to report the dynamics of the proteome components in response to environmental changes and biotic attacks. Typical documented examples with the description of their scientific interest are reported. The described technical approach and selected applications are considered as one of the most advanced approaches for plant proteomics investigations with possibilities not only to enlarge the knowledge of plant proteomes but also to discover novel allergens as well as plant biomarkers subsequent to stressful situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Giorgio Righetti
- Department of Chemistry Materials and Chemical Engineering "Giulio Natta", Politecnico di Milano, 20131, Milan, Italy.
| | - Egisto Boschetti
- Scientific Consultant, JAM Conseil, 92200, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
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35
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Leonard W, Zhang P, Ying D, Fang Z. Hempseed in food industry: Nutritional value, health benefits, and industrial applications. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 19:282-308. [PMID: 33319519 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seeds have been consumed in Asian communities since prehistoric times. Recently, Australia, Canada, and the United States have legalized the cultivation and consumption of hempseed at low (<0.3%) tetrahydrocannabinol levels, and there's a growing interest in hempseed due to its nutritional value and pharmaceutical potential. This review aims to summarize the chemical composition, nutritional value, and potential health benefits of hempseed, as researched via in vitro and in vivo trials. The application of hempseed in the food industry is limited due to its poor performance on some functional properties, so the latest processing methods developed to improve these properties were compared. Additionally, manufacturing technologies incorporating hemp seeds into existing food products are also elaborated. This review would promote further in-depth research on this recently approved food resources and maximize its utilization in new food product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Leonard
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pangzhen Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Danyang Ying
- Agriculture & Food, CSIRO, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhongxiang Fang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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36
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Vincent D, Ezernieks V, Rochfort S, Spangenberg G. A Multiple Protease Strategy to Optimise the Shotgun Proteomics of Mature Medicinal Cannabis Buds. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20225630. [PMID: 31717952 PMCID: PMC6888629 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20225630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Earlier this year we published a method article aimed at optimising protein extraction from mature buds of medicinal cannabis for trypsin-based shotgun proteomics (Vincent, D., et al. Molecules2019, 24, 659). We then developed a top-down proteomics (TDP) method (Vincent, D., et al. Proteomes2019, 7, 33). This follow-up study aims at optimising the digestion of medicinal cannabis proteins for identification purposes by bottom-up and middle-down proteomics (BUP and MDP). Four proteases, namely a mixture of trypsin/LysC, GluC, and chymotrypsin, which target different amino acids (AAs) and therefore are orthogonal and cleave proteins more or less frequently, were tested both on their own as well as sequentially or pooled, followed by nLC-MS/MS analyses of the peptide digests. Bovine serum albumin (BSA, 66 kDa) was used as a control of digestion efficiency. With this multiple protease strategy, BSA was reproducibly 97% sequenced, with peptides ranging from 0.7 to 6.4 kD containing 5 to 54 AA residues with 0 to 6 miscleavages. The proteome of mature apical buds from medicinal cannabis was explored more in depth with the identification of 27,123 peptides matching 494 unique accessions corresponding to 229 unique proteins from Cannabis sativa and close relatives, including 130 (57%) additional annotations when the list is compared to that of our previous BUP study (Vincent, D., et al. Molecules2019, 24, 659). Almost half of the medicinal cannabis proteins were identified with 100% sequence coverage, with peptides composed of 7 to 91 AA residues with up to 9 miscleavages and ranging from 0.6 to 10 kDa, thus falling into the MDP domain. Many post-translational modifications (PTMs) were identified, such as oxidation, phosphorylations, and N-terminus acetylations. This method will pave the way for deeper proteome exploration of the reproductive organs of medicinal cannabis, and therefore for molecular phenotyping within breeding programs.
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37
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Vincent D, Binos S, Rochfort S, Spangenberg G. Top-Down Proteomics of Medicinal Cannabis. Proteomes 2019; 7:proteomes7040033. [PMID: 31554318 PMCID: PMC6958505 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes7040033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The revised legislation on medicinal cannabis has triggered a surge of research studies in this space. Yet, cannabis proteomics is lagging. In a previous study, we optimised the protein extraction of mature buds for bottom-up proteomics. In this follow-up study, we developed a top-down mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics strategy to identify intact denatured protein from cannabis apical buds. After testing different source-induced dissociation (SID), collision-induced dissociation (CID), higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD), and electron transfer dissociation (ETD) parameters on infused known protein standards, we devised three LC-MS/MS methods for top-down sequencing of cannabis proteins. Different MS/MS modes produced distinct spectra, albeit greatly overlapping between SID, CID, and HCD. The number of fragments increased with the energy applied; however, this did not necessarily translate into greater sequence coverage. Some precursors were more amenable to fragmentation than others. Sequence coverage decreased as the mass of the protein increased. Combining all MS/MS data maximised amino acid (AA) sequence coverage, achieving 73% for myoglobin. In this experiment, most cannabis proteins were smaller than 30 kD. A total of 46 cannabis proteins were identified with 136 proteoforms bearing different post-translational modifications (PTMs), including the excision of N-terminal M, the N-terminal acetylation, methylation, and acetylation of K resides, and phosphorylation. Most identified proteins are involved in photosynthesis, translation, and ATP production. Only one protein belongs to the phytocannabinoid biosynthesis, olivetolic acid cyclase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Vincent
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Steve Binos
- Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bio21 Institute, The University of Melbourne, 30 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - German Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- D.W. Williams
- University of Kentucky College of Agriculture; Lexington KY
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39
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Wang Q, Xiong YL. Processing, Nutrition, and Functionality of Hempseed Protein: A Review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2019; 18:936-952. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qingling Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan Univ. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Dept. of Animal and Food SciencesUniv. of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 U.S.A
| | - Youling L. Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and TechnologyJiangnan Univ. Wuxi Jiangsu 214122 China
- Dept. of Animal and Food SciencesUniv. of Kentucky Lexington KY 40546 U.S.A
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40
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Vincent D, Rochfort S, Spangenberg G. Optimisation of Protein Extraction from Medicinal Cannabis Mature Buds for Bottom-Up Proteomics. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24040659. [PMID: 30781766 PMCID: PMC6412734 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24040659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal cannabis is used to relieve the symptoms of certain medical conditions, such as epilepsy. Cannabis is a controlled substance and until recently was illegal in many jurisdictions. Consequently, the study of this plant has been restricted. Proteomics studies on Cannabis sativa reported so far have been primarily based on plant organs and tissues other than buds, such as roots, hypocotyl, leaves, hempseeds and flour. As far as we know, no optimisation of protein extraction from cannabis reproductive tissues has been attempted. Therefore, we set out to assess different protein extraction methods followed by mass spectrometry-based proteomics to recover, separate and identify the proteins of the reproductive organs of medicinal cannabis, apical buds and isolated trichomes. Database search following shotgun proteomics was limited to protein sequences from C. sativa and closely related species available from UniprotKB. Our results demonstrate that a buffer containing the chaotrope reagent guanidine hydrochloride recovers many more proteins than a urea-based buffer. In combination with a precipitation with trichloroacetic acid, such buffer proved optimum to identify proteins using a trypsin digestion followed by nano-liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (nLC-MS/MS) analyses. This is validated by focusing on enzymes involved in the phytocannabinoid pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Vincent
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - Simone Rochfort
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
| | - German Spangenberg
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
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41
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Lammi C, Bollati C, Gelain F, Arnoldi A, Pugliese R. Enhancement of the Stability and Anti-DPPIV Activity of Hempseed Hydrolysates Through Self-Assembling Peptide-Based Hydrogels. Front Chem 2019; 6:670. [PMID: 30733941 PMCID: PMC6353790 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2018.00670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there is an increasing interest for bioactive food protein hydrolysates as valuable ingredients for functional food and dietary supplement formulations, their potential applications are hampered by their insufficient stability in physiological conditions. In this study, an innovative strategy based on nanomaterials was developed in order to increase the hempseed hydrolysate stability and the anti-diabetic properties, through their encapsulation into ionic self-complementary RADA16 peptide based-hydrogels. Atomic force microscope (AFM) morphological analysis indicated that the new nanomaterials were composed of a nanofibril network, whose increased diameter in respect to native RADA16 suggests the presence of transient non-covalent interactions among the RADA16 supramolecular assemblies and the embedded hempseed peptides. Structural analysis by FT-IR spectroscopy indicated typical β-sheet signatures. The RADA16-hempseed protein hydrolysate hydrogel was shown to act as a novel dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) inhibitor in different biological assays. Finally, this nanoformulation was used as a drug delivery system of the anti-diabetic drug sitagliptin, helping to reduce its dosage and eventually associated side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Carlotta Bollati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Gelain
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, >San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, >Milan, Italy
| | - Raffaele Pugliese
- Tissue Engineering Unit, Institute for Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine and Innovative Therapies-ISBReMIT, Fondazione IRCSS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, >San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Center for Nanomedicine and Tissue Engineering, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
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42
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Mamone G, Picariello G, Ramondo A, Nicolai MA, Ferranti P. Production, digestibility and allergenicity of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) protein isolates. Food Res Int 2018; 115:562-571. [PMID: 30599980 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.), traditionally cultivated for industrial use and harvested for fibers and seeds, has raised much interest as a sustainable crop in the last years. Recently, hemp seeds and derived oil have started to be used in a variety of food products. Hemp-based food products are considered less allergenic than those from other edible seeds, although this statement has never been experimentally verified. In this study high purity grade hemp flour (HF) and hemp protein isolate (HPI) were obtained through a fast and cheap process starting from defatted hemp cakes, a residue of hempseed oil extraction. HPI resulted enriched at nearly 86% protein, mainly constituted by the storage protein edestin (accounting for 70% total protein). In vitro protein digestibility was determined using a static model of gastrointestinal digestion (GID), which included a final step with purified brush border membrane (BBM) enzyme preparations. HF and HPI showed a high degree of digestibility. The survival of potential bioactive and/or allergenic peptide sequences in digests was investigated by peptidomic analysis. Only a limited number of sequences survived GID. Among them, fragments from 12 seed proteins. These fragments were precursors of sequences with potential bioactive peptides, which might justify the bioactivity of HPI hydrolysates, reported in previous studies. More importantly, all known hemp allergens, including the major thaumatin-like protein and LTP, were entirely eliminated by the HPI production process, neither fragments of the proteins were present after GID. These data support the use of HPI as an ingredient for hypoallergenic foods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alessia Ramondo
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy
| | | | - Pasquale Ferranti
- Institute of Food Science and Technology (ISA), Avellino, Italy; Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Portici, Italy.
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43
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Buitrago-Suescún O, Monroy M. Maleated polyethylene as a compatibilizing agent in cannabis indica stem’s flour-reinforced composite materials. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-018-0656-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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44
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Busnelli M, Manzini S, Sirtori CR, Chiesa G, Parolini C. Effects of Vegetable Proteins on Hypercholesterolemia and Gut Microbiota Modulation. Nutrients 2018; 10:E1249. [PMID: 30200592 PMCID: PMC6164761 DOI: 10.3390/nu10091249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment tools, i.e., validated risk prediction algorithms, to estimate the patient's 10-year risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) should be used to identify high-risk people for primary prevention. Current evidence confirms that appropriate monitoring and control of risk factors either reduces the likelihood of CVD or slows down its progression. It is thus crucial that all health professionals make appropriate use of all the available intervention strategies to control risk factors: from dietary improvement and adequate physical activity to the use of functional foods, food supplements, and drugs. The gut microbiota, which encompasses 1 × 1014 resident microorganisms, has been recently recognized as a contributing factor in the development of human disease. This review examines the effect of both some vegetable food components belong to the "protein food group" and the underexploited protein-rich hempseed on cholesterolemia and gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Busnelli
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Stefano Manzini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cesare R Sirtori
- Centro Dislipidemie, A.S.S.T. Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 220162 Milano, Italy.
| | - Giulia Chiesa
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Cinzia Parolini
- Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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45
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Di Silvestre D, Bergamaschi A, Bellini E, Mauri P. Large Scale Proteomic Data and Network-Based Systems Biology Approaches to Explore the Plant World. Proteomes 2018; 6:proteomes6020027. [PMID: 29865292 PMCID: PMC6027444 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes6020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The investigation of plant organisms by means of data-derived systems biology approaches based on network modeling is mainly characterized by genomic data, while the potential of proteomics is largely unexplored. This delay is mainly caused by the paucity of plant genomic/proteomic sequences and annotations which are fundamental to perform mass-spectrometry (MS) data interpretation. However, Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques are contributing to filling this gap and an increasing number of studies are focusing on plant proteome profiling and protein-protein interactions (PPIs) identification. Interesting results were obtained by evaluating the topology of PPI networks in the context of organ-associated biological processes as well as plant-pathogen relationships. These examples foreshadow well the benefits that these approaches may provide to plant research. Thus, in addition to providing an overview of the main-omic technologies recently used on plant organisms, we will focus on studies that rely on concepts of module, hub and shortest path, and how they can contribute to the plant discovery processes. In this scenario, we will also consider gene co-expression networks, and some examples of integration with metabolomic data and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to select candidate genes will be mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dario Di Silvestre
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council; F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Andrea Bergamaschi
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council; F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - Edoardo Bellini
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council; F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
| | - PierLuigi Mauri
- Institute for Biomedical Technologies-National Research Council; F.lli Cervi 93, 20090 Segrate, Milan, Italy.
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46
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Ghorab H, Lammi C, Arnoldi A, Kabouche Z, Aiello G. Proteomic analysis of sweet algerian apricot kernels (Prunus armeniaca L.) by combinatorial peptide ligand libraries and LC–MS/MS. Food Chem 2018; 239:935-945. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.07.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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47
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Braconi D, Bernardini G, Millucci L, Santucci A. Foodomics for human health: current status and perspectives. Expert Rev Proteomics 2017; 15:153-164. [PMID: 29271263 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1421072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the post-genomic era, the opportunity to combine and integrate cutting-edge analytical platforms and data processing systems allowed the birth of foodomics, 'a discipline that studies the Food and Nutrition domains through the application of advanced omics technologies to improve consumer's well-being, health, and confidence'. Since then, this discipline has rapidly evolved and researchers are now facing the daunting tasks to meet consumers' needs in terms of food traceability, sustainability, quality, safety and integrity. Most importantly, today it is imperative to provide solid evidence of the mechanisms through which food can promote human health and well-being. Areas covered: In this review, the complex relationships connecting food, nutrition and human health will be discussed, with emphasis on the relapses for the development of functional foods and nutraceuticals, personalized nutrition approaches, and the study of the interplay among gut microbiota, diet and health/diseases. Expert commentary: Evidence has been provided supporting the role of various omic platforms in studying the health-promoting effects of food and customized dietary interventions. However, although associated to major analytical challenges, only the proper integration of multi-omics studies and the implementation of bioinformatics tools and databases will help translate findings from clinical practice into effective personalized treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Braconi
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Giulia Bernardini
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Lia Millucci
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
| | - Annalisa Santucci
- a Dipartimento di Biotecnologie, Chimica e Farmacia , Università degli Studi di Siena , Siena , Italy
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48
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Aiello G, Lammi C, Boschin G, Zanoni C, Arnoldi A. Exploration of Potentially Bioactive Peptides Generated from the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Hempseed Proteins. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10174-10184. [PMID: 29096438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The seed of industrial hemp is an underexploited protein source. In view of a possible use in functional foods, a hempseed protein concentrate was hydrolyzed with pepsin, trypsin, pancreatin, or a mixture of these enzymes. A detailed peptidomic analysis using data-dependent acquisition showed that the numbers of peptides identified ranged from 90 belonging to 33 parent proteins in the peptic hydrolysate to 9 belonging to 6 proteins in the pancreatin digest. The peptic and tryptic hydrolysates resulted to be the most efficient inhibitors of 3-hydroxymethyl-coenzyme A reductase activity when tested on the catalytic domain of the enzyme. Using the open access tools PeptideRanker and BIOPEP, a list of potentially bioactive peptides was generated: the alleged activities included the antioxidant property, the glucose uptake stimulating activity, the inhibition of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV and angiotensin-converting enzyme I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Boschin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Zanoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , via Luigi Mangiagalli 25, 20133 Milan, Italy
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49
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Zanoni C, Aiello G, Arnoldi A, Lammi C. Hempseed Peptides Exert Hypocholesterolemic Effects with a Statin-Like Mechanism. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:8829-8838. [PMID: 28931275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b02742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This study had the objective of preparing a hempseed protein hydrolysate and investigating its hypocholesterolemic properties. The hydrolysate was prepared treating a total protein extract with pepsin. Nano HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis permitted identifying in total 90 peptides belonging to 33 proteins. In the range 0.1-1.0 mg/mL, it inhibited the catalytic activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMGCoAR) in a dose-dependent manner. HepG2 cells were treated with 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL of the hydrolysate. Immunoblotting detection showed increments in the protein levels of regulatory element binding proteins 2 (SREBP2), low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), and HMGCoAR. However, the parallel activation of the phospho-5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathway, produced an inactivation of HMGCoAR by phosphorylation. The functional ability of HepG2 cells to uptake extracellular LDL was raised by 50.5 ± 2.7%, 221.5 ± 1.6%, and 109 ± 3.5%, respectively, versus the control at 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/mL concentrations. Finally, also a raise of the protein level of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexintype 9 was observed. All of these data suggest that the mechanism of action has some similarity with that of statins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Zanoni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Gilda Aiello
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Anna Arnoldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
| | - Carmen Lammi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan , Milan, Italy
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50
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Chang CW, Tung CW, Tsai CC, Wu YT, Hsu MC. Determination of cannabinoids in hemp nut products in Taiwan by HPLC-MS/MS coupled with chemometric analysis: quality evaluation and a pilot human study. Drug Test Anal 2016; 9:888-897. [PMID: 27590030 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Hemp nuts are mature cannabis seeds obtained after shelling and that are commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine for treating functional constipation. In this work, we screened hemp nut products, classified them, and verified the legality of consuming them. A total of 18 products were purchased from Taiwan, China, and Canada. Validated high-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry methods were developed for analyzing the cannabinoid (i.e., Δ9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), cannabidiol (CBD), and cannabinol) content of the products and the concentration of urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC. Chemometric techniques, namely hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) and principal component analysis (PCA), were applied for rapidly classifying 11 concentrated powder products in Taiwan. A pilot human study comprising single and multiple administrations of a product with 1.5 µg/g of THC was conducted to examine the urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC concentration. Through optimization of 32 full factorial design, using 60% isopropanol as the extraction solvent exhibited the highest yield of cannabinoids and was applied as the optimal condition in further analysis. The results of HCA and PCA on quality evaluation were in good agreement; however, the tested products possessed distinct CBD-to-THC ratios which ranged widely from 0.1:1 to 46.8:1. Particularly, the products with CBD-to-THC ratios higher than 1:1 were the majority in Taiwan. Our data suggested that all the tested hemp nut products met the Taiwan restriction criterion of 10 µg/g of THC. We propose a usual consumption amount of hemp nut products in Taiwan would unlikely to violate the cut-off point of 15 ng/mL of urinary 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Wei Chang
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Tung
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Tsai
- School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chinese Medicine Department, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Tse Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chich Hsu
- Department of Sports Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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