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Ullah J, Gul A, Khan I, Shehzad J, Kausar R, Ahmed MS, Batool S, Hasan M, Ghorbanpour M, Mustafa G. Green synthesized iron oxide nanoparticles as a potential regulator of callus growth, plant physiology, antioxidative and microbial contamination in Oryza sativa L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:939. [PMID: 39385076 PMCID: PMC11462915 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05627-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/24/2024] [Indexed: 10/11/2024]
Abstract
In tissue culture, efficient nutrient availability and effective control of callus contamination are crucial for successful plantlet regeneration. This study was aimed to enhance callogenesis, callus regeneration, control callus contamination, and substitute iron (Fe) source with FeO-NPs in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. Nanogreen iron oxide (FeO-NPs) were synthesized and well characterized with sizes ranging from 2 to 7.5 nm. FeO-NPs as a supplement in MS media at 15 ppm, significantly controlled callus contamination by (80%). Results indicated that FeCl3-based FeO-NPs induced fast callus induction (72%) and regeneration (43%), in contrast FeSO4-based FeO-NPs resulted in increased callus weight (516%), diameter (300%), number of shoots (200%), and roots (114%). Modified media with FeO-NPs as the Fe source induced fast callogenesis and regeneration compared to normal MS media. FeO-NPs, when applied foliar spray, increased Plant fresh biomass by 133% and spike weight by 350%. Plant height increased by 54% and 33%, the number of spikes by 50% and 265%, and Chlorophyll content by 51% and 34% in IRRI-6 and Kissan Basmati, respectively. Additionally, APX (Ascorbate peroxidase), SOD (Superoxide dismutase), POD (peroxidase), and CAT (catalase) increased in IRRI-6 by 27%, 29%, 283%, 62%, while in Kissan Basmati, APX increased by 70%, SOD decreased by 28%, and POD and CAT increased by 89% and 98%, respectively. Finally, FeO-NPs effectively substituted Fe source in MS media, shorten the plant life cycle, and increase chlorophyll content as well as APX, SOD, POD, and CAT activities. This protocol is applicable for tissue culture in other cereal crops as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ullah
- Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Afia Gul
- Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ilham Khan
- Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Shehzad
- Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Rehana Kausar
- Department of Botany, Chatter Klass Campus, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, 13100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed
- Rice Research Program, Crop Sciences Institute, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
| | - Sana Batool
- Faculty of Chemical and Biological Science, Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Faculty of Chemical and Biological Science, Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Department of Horticulture, State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Duman H, Eker F, Akdaşçi E, Witkowska AM, Bechelany M, Karav S. Silver Nanoparticles: A Comprehensive Review of Synthesis Methods and Chemical and Physical Properties. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:1527. [PMID: 39330683 PMCID: PMC11434896 DOI: 10.3390/nano14181527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2024] [Revised: 09/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 09/28/2024]
Abstract
Recently, silver nanoparticles (NPs) have attracted significant attention for being highly desirable nanomaterials in scientific studies as a result of their extraordinary characteristics. They are widely known as effective antibacterial agents that are capable of targeting a wide range of pathogens. Their distinct optical characteristics, such as their localized surface plasmon resonance, enlarge their utilization, particularly in the fields of biosensing and imaging. Also, the capacity to control their surface charge and modify them using biocompatible substances offers improved durability and specific interactions with biological systems. Due to their exceptional stability and minimal chemical reactivity, silver NPs are highly suitable for a diverse array of biological applications. These NPs are produced through chemical, biological, and physical processes, each of which has distinct advantages and disadvantages. Chemical and physical techniques often encounter issues with complicated purification, reactive substances, and excessive energy usage. However, eco-friendly biological approaches exist, even though they require longer processing times. A key factor affecting the stability, size distribution, and purity of the NPs is the synthesis process selected. This review focuses on how essential it is to choose the appropriate synthesis method in order to optimize the characteristics and use of silver NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Duman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye; (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Furkan Eker
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye; (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Emir Akdaşçi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye; (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
| | - Anna Maria Witkowska
- Department of Food Biotechnology, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut Européen des Membranes (IEM), UMR 5635, University of Montpellier, ENSCM, CNRS, F-34095 Montpellier, France
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology (GUST), Masjid Al Aqsa Street, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
| | - Sercan Karav
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17100, Türkiye; (H.D.); (F.E.); (E.A.)
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Mustafa G, Chaudhari SK, Manzoor M, Batool S, Hatami M, Hasan M. Zinc oxide nanoparticles mediated salinity stress mitigation in Pisum sativum: a physio-biochemical perspective. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 24:835. [PMID: 39243061 PMCID: PMC11378595 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-05554-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Salinity is the major abiotic stress among others that determines crop productivity. The primary goal is to examine the impact of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on the growth, metabolism, and defense systems of pea plants in simulated stress conditions. The ZnO NPs were synthesized via a chemical process and characterized by UV, XRD, and SEM. The ZnO NPs application (50 and 100) ppm and salt (50 mM and 100 mM) concentrations were carried out individually and in combination. At 50 ppm ZnO NPs the results revealed both positive and negative effects, demonstrating an increase in the root length and other growth parameters, along with a decrease in Malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide concentrations. However, different concentrations of salt (50 mM and 100 mM) had an overall negative impact on all assessed parameters. In exploring the combined effects of ZnO NPs and salt, various concentrations yielded different outcomes. Significantly, only 50 mM NaCl combined with 50 ppm ZnO NPs demonstrated positive effects on pea physiology, leading to a substantial increase in root length and improvement in other physiological parameters. Moreover, this treatment resulted in decreased levels of MAD, Glycine betaine, and hydrogen peroxide. Conversely, all other treatments exhibited negative effects on the assessed parameters, possibly due to the high concentrations of both stressors. The findings offered valuble reference data for research on the impact of salinity on growth parameters of future agriculture crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazala Mustafa
- Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Sunbal Khalil Chaudhari
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Madiha Manzoor
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, 42100, Pakistan
| | - Sana Batool
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Mehrnaz Hatami
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
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Shehzad J, Emili A, Kwan J, Yang B, Bovand F, Hasan M, Mustafa G. Lead toxicity regulation via protein degradation and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathways in Brassica species: A comparative quantitative analysis of proteomic study. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2024; 213:108867. [PMID: 38936069 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the heavy metals (HMs) tolerance mechanism is crucial for improving plant growth in metal-contaminated soil. In order to evaluate the lead (Pb) tolerance mechanism in Brassica species, a comparative proteomic study was used. Thirteen-day-old seedlings of B. juncea and B. napus were treated with different Pb(NO3)2 concentrations at 0, 3, 30, and 300 mg/L. Under 300 mg/L Pb(NO3)2 concentration, B. napus growth was significantly decreased, while B. juncea maintained normal growth similar to the control. The Pb accumulation was also higher in B. napus root and shoot compared to B. juncea. Gel-free proteomic analysis of roots revealed a total of 68 and 37 differentially abundant proteins (DAPs) in B. juncea and B. napus-specifically, after 300 mg/L Pb exposure. The majority of these proteins are associated with protein degradation, cellular respiration, and enzyme classification. The upregulated RPT2 and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway-associated proteins maintain the cellular homeostasis and photosynthetic rate in B. juncea. Among the 55 common DAPs, S-adenosyl methionine and TCA cycle proteins were upregulated in B. juncea and down-regulated in B. napus after Pb exposure. Furthermore, higher oxidative stress also reduced the antioxidant enzyme activity in B. napus. The current finding suggests that B. juncea is more Pb tolerant than B. napus, possibly due to the upregulation of proteins involved in protein recycling, degradation, and tetrapyrrole biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junaid Shehzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Andrew Emili
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, 71 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Julian Kwan
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, 71 East Concord Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Bingxian Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Fatemeh Bovand
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Islamic Azad University, Arak, Iran
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Department of Biotechnology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan; State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Nazir MA, Hasan M, Mustafa G, Tariq T, Ahmed MM, Golzari Dehno R, Ghorbanpour M. Zinc oxide nano-fertilizer differentially effect on morphological and physiological identity of redox-enzymes and biochemical attributes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:13091. [PMID: 38849601 PMCID: PMC11161468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63987-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of current study was to prepared zinc oxide nanofertilzers by ecofriendly friendly, economically feasible, free of chemical contamination and safe for biological use. The study focused on crude extract of Withania coagulans as reducing agent for the green synthesis of ZnO nano-particles. Biosynthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, FTIR and GC-MS analysis. However, zinc oxide as green Nano fertilizer was used to analyze responses induced by different doses of ZnO NPs [0, 25, 50,100, 200 mg/l and Zn acetate (100 mg/l)] in Triticum aestivum (wheat). The stimulatory and inhibitory effects of foliar application of ZnO NPs were studied on wheat (Triticum aestivum) with aspect of biomass accumulation, morphological attributes, biochemical parameters and anatomical modifications. Wheat plant showed significant (p < 0.01) enhancement of growth parameters upon exposure to ZnO NPs at specific concentrations. In addition, wheat plant showed significant increase in biochemical attributes, chlorophyll content, carotenoids, carbohydrate and protein contents. Antioxidant enzyme (POD, SOD, CAT) and total flavonoid content also confirmed nurturing impact on wheat plant. Increased stem, leaf and root anatomical parameters, all showed ZnO NPs mitigating capacity when applied to wheat. According to the current research, ZnO NPs application on wheat might be used to increase growth, yield, and Zn biofortification in wheat plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneeba Anum Nazir
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Depatment of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Tuba Tariq
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Mahmood Ahmed
- Department of Biotinformatics, Faculty of Chemical and Biological Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Rosa Golzari Dehno
- Department of Agriculture, Chalus Branch, Islamic Azad University, Chalus, Iran
| | - Mansour Ghorbanpour
- Department of Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
- Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Arak University, Arak, 38156-8-8349, Iran.
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Arshad F, Naikoo GA, Hassan IU, Chava SR, El-Tanani M, Aljabali AA, Tambuwala MM. Bioinspired and Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles for Medical Applications: A Green Perspective. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2024; 196:3636-3669. [PMID: 37668757 PMCID: PMC11166857 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04719-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) possess unmatched chemical, biological, and physical properties that make them unique compounds as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer agents. With the increasing drug resistance, AgNPs serve as promising entities for targeted drug therapy against several bacterial, fungal, and viral components. In addition, AgNPs also serve as successful anticancer agents against several cancers, including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Several works in recent years have been done towards the development of AgNPs by using plant extracts like flowers, leaves, bark, root, stem, and whole plant parts. The green method of AgNP synthesis thus has several advantages over chemical and physical methods, especially the low cost of synthesis, no toxic byproducts, eco-friendly production pathways, can be easily regenerated, and the bio-reducing potential of plant derived nanoparticles. Furthermore, AgNPs are biocompatible and do not harm normally functioning human or host cells. This review provides an exhaustive overview and potential of green synthesized AgNPs that can be used as antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer agents. After a brief introduction, we discussed the recent studies on the development of AgNPs from different plant extracts, including leaf parts, seeds, flowers, stems, bark, root, and whole plants. In the following section, we highlighted the different therapeutic actions of AgNPs against various bacteria, fungi, viruses, and cancers, including breast, prostate, and lung cancers. We then highlighted the general mechanism of action of AgNPs. The advantages of the green synthesis method over chemical and physical methods were then discussed in the article. Finally, we concluded the review by providing future perspectives on this promising field in nanotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fareeha Arshad
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, PC 211, Oman
| | - Gowhar A Naikoo
- Department of Mathematics and Sciences, College of Arts and Applied Sciences, Dhofar University, Salalah, PC 211, Oman.
| | - Israr U Hassan
- College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, PC 211, Oman
| | | | - Mohamed El-Tanani
- College of Pharmacy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Alaa A Aljabali
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yarmouk University, Irbid, 21163, Jordan
| | - Murtaza M Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln, LN6 7TS, UK.
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Farooq A, Khan I, Shehzad J, Hasan M, Mustafa G. Proteomic insights to decipher nanoparticle uptake, translocation, and intercellular mechanisms in plants. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:18313-18339. [PMID: 38347361 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32121-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Advent of proteomic techniques has made it possible to identify a broad spectrum of proteins in living systems. Studying the impact of nanoparticle (NP)-mediated plant protein responses is an emerging field. NPs are continuously being released into the environment and directly or indirectly affect plant's biochemistry. Exposure of plants to NPs, especially crops, poses a significant risk to the food chain, leading to changes in underlying metabolic processes. Once absorbed by plants, NPs interact with cellular proteins, thereby inducing changes in plant protein patterns. Based on the reactivity, properties, and translocation of nanoparticles, NPs can interfere with proteins involved in various cellular processes in plants such as energy regulation, redox metabolism, and cytotoxicity. Such interactions of NPs at the subcellular level enhance ROS scavenging activity, especially under stress conditions. Although higher concentrations of NPs induce ROS production and hinder oxidative mechanisms under stress conditions, NPs also mediate metabolic changes from fermentation to normal cellular processes. Although there has been lots of work conducted to understand the different effects of NPs on plants, the knowledge of proteomic responses of plants toward NPs is still very limited. This review has focused on the multi-omic analysis of NP interaction mechanisms with crop plants mainly centering on the proteomic perspective in response to both stress and non-stressed conditions. Furthermore, NP-specific interaction mechanisms with the biological pathways are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atikah Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ilham Khan
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Junaid Shehzad
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Department of Biotechnology, The Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab, 63100, Pakistan
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, 116024, People's Republic of China
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320, Pakistan.
- Chemical Biology Center, Lishui Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Lishui, 323000, China.
- State Agricultural Ministry Laboratory of Horticultural Crop Growth and Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Mahmood F, Zehra SS, Hasan M, Zafar A, Tariq T, Abdullah M, Nazir MA, Jamil M, Hassan SG, Huang X, Javed HU, Shu X. Bioinspired Cobalt Oxide Nanoball Synthesis, Characterization, and Their Potential as Metal Stress Absorbants. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:5836-5849. [PMID: 36816675 PMCID: PMC9933469 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Massive accumulation of heavy metals in agricultural land as a result of enhanced levels of toxicity in the soil is an emerging global concern. Among various metals, zinc contamination has severe effects on plant and human health through the food chain. To remove such toxicity, a nanotechnological neutralizer, cobalt oxide nanoballs (Co3O4 Nbs) were synthesized by using the extract of Cordia myxa. The Co3O4 Nbs were well characterized via UV-vis spectrophotometry, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction techniques. Green-synthesized Co3O4 Nbs were exposed over Acacia jacquemontii and Acacia nilotica at different concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). Highly significant results were observed for plant growth by the application of Co3O4 Nbs at 100 ppm, thereby increasing the root length (35%), shoot length (48%), fresh weight (44%), and dry weight (40%) of the Acacia species with respect to the control. Furthermore, physiological parameters including chlorophyll contents, relative water contents, and osmolyte contents like proline and sugar showed a prominent increase. The antioxidant activity and atomic absorption supported and justified the positive response to using Co3O4 Nbs that mitigated the heavy-metal zinc stress by improving the plant growth. Hence, the biocompatible Co3O4 Nbs counteract the zinc toxicity for governing and maintaining plant growth. Such nanotechnological tools can therefore step up the cropping system and overcome toxicity to meet the productivity demand along with the development of agricultural management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Mahmood
- Department
of Botany, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur63100, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Sadaf Zehra
- Department
of Botany, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur63100, Pakistan
| | - Murtaza Hasan
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Islamia University
of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur63100, Pakistan
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou510225, China
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Islamia University
of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur63100, Pakistan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, College of Future Technology, Peking University, Beijing100871, China
| | - Tuba Tariq
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Islamia University
of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdullah
- Cholistan
Institute of Desert Studies, The Islamia
University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muniba Anum Nazir
- Department
of Biotechnology, The Islamia University
of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Jamil
- Department
of Botany, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur63100, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Gul Hassan
- College of
Information Science and Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou510225, China
| | - Xue Huang
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou510225, China
| | - Hafiz Umer Javed
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou510225, China
| | - Xugang Shu
- School
of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai
University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou510225, China
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Wu L, Wu C, Yang H, Yang J, Wang L, Zhou S. Proteomic Analysis Comparison on the Ecological Adaptability of Quinclorac-Resistant Echinochloa crus-galli. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:696. [PMID: 36840044 PMCID: PMC9968053 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.) is the most serious weed threatening rice production, and its effects are aggravated by resistance to the quinclorac herbicide in the Chinese rice fields. This study conducted a comparative proteomic characterization of the quinclorac-treated and non-treated resistant and susceptible E. crus-galli using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ). The results indicated that the quinclorac-resistant E. crus-galli had weaker photosynthesis and a weaker capacity to mitigate abiotic stress, which suggested its lower environmental adaptability. Quinclorac treatment significantly increased the number and expression of the photosynthesis-related proteins in the resistant E. crus-galli and elevated its photosynthetic parameters, indicating a higher photosynthetic rate compared to those of the susceptible E. crus-galli. The improved adaptability of the resistant E. crus-galli to quinclorac stress could be attributed to the observed up-regulated expression of eight herbicide resistance-related proteins and the down-regulation of two proteins associated with abscisic acid biosynthesis. In addition, high photosynthetic parameters and low glutathione thiotransferase (GST) activity were observed in the quinclorac-resistant E. crus-galli compared with the susceptible biotype, which was consistent with the proteomic sequencing results. Overall, this study demonstrated that the resistant E. crus-galli enhanced its adaptability to quinclorac by improving the photosynthetic efficiency and GST activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamei Wu
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Can Wu
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Haona Yang
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Jiangshan Yang
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Lifeng Wang
- Hunan Weed Science Key Laboratory, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
| | - Shangfeng Zhou
- Hunan Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410125, China
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Batool S, Hasan M, Dilshad M, Zafar A, Tariq T, Shaheen A, Iqbal R, Ali Z, Munawar T, Iqbal F, Hassan SG, Shu X, Caprioli G. Green synthesized ZnO-Fe2O3-Co3O4 nanocomposite for antioxidant, microbial disinfection and degradation of pollutants from wastewater. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2022.104535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sarwer Q, Amjad MS, Mehmood A, Binish Z, Mustafa G, Farooq A, Qaseem MF, Abasi F, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Green Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Using Myrsine africana Leaf Extract for Their Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Phytotoxic Activities. Molecules 2022; 27:7612. [PMID: 36364438 PMCID: PMC9656711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanotechnology is the study and control of materials at length scales between 1 and 100 nanometers (nm), where incredible phenomena enable new applications. It affects all aspects of human life and is the most active research topic in modern materials science. Among the various metallic nanoparticles used in biomedical applications, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are among the most important and interesting nanomaterials. The aim of this study was to synthesize AgNPs from the leaf extract of Myrsine africana to investigate their antibacterial, antioxidant, and phytotoxic activities. When the leaf extract was treated with AgNO3, the color of the reaction solution changed from light brown to dark brown, indicating the formation of AgNPs. The UV-visible spectrum showed an absorption peak at 438 nm, confirming the synthesis of AgNPs. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the AgNPs were spherical and oval with an average size of 28.32 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of bio-compound functional groups on the surface of the AgNPs. The crystalline nature of the AgNPs was confirmed by XRD pattern. These biosynthesized AgNPs showed pronounced antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, with higher inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli. At 40 µg/mL AgNPs, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained, which was 57.7% and an IC50 value of 77.56 µg/mL. A significant positive effect was observed on all morphological parameters when AgNPs were applied to wheat seedlings under constant external conditions at the different concentrations. The present study provides a cost-effective and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of AgNPs, which can be effectively used in the field of therapeutics, as antimicrobial and diagnostic agents, and as plant growth promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qudsia Sarwer
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh 12500, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Amjad
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh 12500, Pakistan
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Ansar Mehmood
- Department of Botany, University of Poonch, Rawlakot 12350, Pakistan
| | - Zakia Binish
- Department of Botany, Women University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Bagh 12500, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Atikah Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Mirza Faisal Qaseem
- Department of Environmental Science and Forestry, Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 123 Huntington Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Fozia Abasi
- Department of Botany, PMAS-University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi 44000, Paskistan
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotecnología de Macromoléculas, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología, (IPNA-CSIC), 38206 San Cristóbal de la Laguna, Spain
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12
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Dhaka A, Raj S, Githala CK, Chand Mali S, Trivedi R. Balanites aegyptiaca leaf extract-mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles and their catalytic dye degradation and antifungal efficacy. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:977101. [PMID: 36267455 PMCID: PMC9576921 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.977101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Balanites aegyptiaca (B. aegyptiaca) leaf extract. The biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy with (SEM-EDS). The AgNPs showed an average size of 10–20 nm, spherical shape, and crystalline nature. The application of these synthesized AgNPs to dye degradation showed that the AgNPs removed the two organic pollutants methylene blue (MB, 93.47%) and congo red (CR, (78.57%). In vitro investigation of the antifungal activity of the AgNPs against Fusarium oxysporum, a phytopathogenic fungus, showed a maximum percent radial growth inhibition of 82.00 ± 1.00% and a spore percent inhibition of 73.66 ± 3.94 for 150 μg/ml of biosynthesized AgNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shani Raj
- *Correspondence: Shani Raj, ; Rohini Trivedi,
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13
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Komatsu S, Yamaguchi H, Hitachi K, Tsuchida K. Proteomic, Biochemical, and Morphological Analyses of the Effect of Silver Nanoparticles Mixed with Organic and Inorganic Chemicals on Wheat Growth. Cells 2022; 11:1579. [PMID: 35563885 PMCID: PMC9104970 DOI: 10.3390/cells11091579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Wheat is vulnerable to numerous diseases; on the other hand, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) exhibit a sterilizing action. To understand the combined effects of AgNPs with nicotinate and potassium nitrate (KNO3) for plant growth and sterilization, a gel- and label-free proteomics was performed. Root weight was promoted by the treatment of AgNPs mixed with nicotinate and KNO3. From a total of 5557 detected proteins, 90 proteins were changed by the mixture of AgNPs, nicotinate, and KNO3; among them, 25 and 65 proteins increased and decreased, respectively. The changed proteins were mainly associated with redox and biotic stress in the functional categorization. By immunoblot analysis, the abundance of glutathione reductase/peroxiredoxin and pathogen-related protein three significantly decreased with the mixture. Furthermore, from the changed proteins, the abundance of starch synthase and lipoxygenase significantly increased and decreased, respectively. Through biochemical analysis, the starch contents increased with the mixture. The application of esculetin, which is a lipoxygenase inhibitor, increased the weight and length of the root. These results suggest that the AgNPs mixed with nicotinate and KNO3 cause positive effects on wheat seedlings by regulating pathogen-related protein and reactive-oxygen species scavenging. Furthermore, increasing starch and decreasing lipoxygenase might improve wheat growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
| | - Hisateru Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Technology, Yokkaichi Nursing and Medical Care University, Yokkaichi 512-8045, Japan;
| | - Keisuke Hitachi
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (K.T.)
| | - Kunihiro Tsuchida
- Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.H.); (K.T.)
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14
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Rajan R, Huo P, Chandran K, Manickam Dakshinamoorthi B, Yun SI, Liu B. A review on the toxicity of silver nanoparticles against different biosystems. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133397. [PMID: 34954197 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite significant progress made in the past two decades, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have not yet made it to the clinical trials. In addition, they showed both positive and negative effects in their toxicity from unicellular organism to well-developed multi-organ system, for example, rat. Although it is generally accepted that capped (bio)molecules have synergistic bioactivities and diminish the toxicity of metallic Ag core, convincing evidence is completely lacking. Therefore, in this review, we first highlight the recent in vivo toxicity studies of chemically manufactured AgNPs, biologically synthesized AgNPs and reference AgNPs of European Commission. Then, their toxic effects are compared with each other and the overlooked factors leading to the potential conflict of obtained toxicity results are discussed. Finally, suggestions are given to better design and conduct the future toxicity studies and to fast-track the successful clinical translation of AgNPs as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramachandran Rajan
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China
| | - PeiPei Huo
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China
| | - Krishnaraj Chandran
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Soon-Il Yun
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea; Department of Agricultural Convergence Technology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, 54896, Republic of Korea.
| | - Bo Liu
- Laboratory of Functional Molecules and Materials, School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, Shandong, 255000, PR China.
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15
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Akhtar N, Ilyas N, Meraj TA, Pour-Aboughadareh A, Sayyed RZ, Mashwani ZUR, Poczai P. Improvement of Plant Responses by Nanobiofertilizer: A Step towards Sustainable Agriculture. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:965. [PMID: 35335778 PMCID: PMC8949119 DOI: 10.3390/nano12060965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Drastic changes in the climate and ecosystem due to natural or anthropogenic activities have severely affected crop production globally. This concern has raised the need to develop environmentally friendly and cost-effective strategies, particularly for keeping pace with the demands of the growing population. The use of nanobiofertilizers in agriculture opens a new chapter in the sustainable production of crops. The application of nanoparticles improves the growth and stress tolerance in plants. Inoculation of biofertilizers is another strategy explored in agriculture. The combination of nanoparticles and biofertilizers produces nanobiofertilizers, which are cost-effective and more potent and eco-friendly than nanoparticles or biofertilizers alone. Nanobiofertilizers consist of biofertilizers encapsulated in nanoparticles. Biofertilizers are the preparations of plant-based carriers having beneficial microbial cells, while nanoparticles are microscopic (1-100 nm) particles that possess numerous advantages. Silicon, zinc, copper, iron, and silver are the commonly used nanoparticles for the formulation of nanobiofertilizer. The green synthesis of these nanoparticles enhances their performance and characteristics. The use of nanobiofertilizers is more effective than other traditional strategies. They also perform their role better than the common salts previously used in agriculture to enhance the production of crops. Nanobiofertilizer gives better and more long-lasting results as compared to traditional chemical fertilizers. It improves the structure and function of soil and the morphological, physiological, biochemical, and yield attributes of plants. The formation and application of nanobiofertilizer is a practical step toward smart fertilizer that enhances growth and augments the yield of crops. The literature on the formulation and application of nanobiofertilizer at the field level is scarce. This product requires attention, as it can reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and make the soil and crops healthy. This review highlights the formulation and application of nanobiofertilizer on various plant species and explains how nanobiofertilizer improves the growth and development of plants. It covers the role and status of nanobiofertilizer in agriculture. The limitations of and future strategies for formulating effective nanobiofertilizer are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nosheen Akhtar
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | - Noshin Ilyas
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | | | - Alireza Pour-Aboughadareh
- Seed and Plant Improvement Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj P.O. Box 3183964653, Iran;
| | - R. Z. Sayyed
- Institute of Genetics and Plant Experimental Biology, Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences, Tashkent Region, Tashkent 111208, Uzbekistan;
| | - Zia-ur-Rehman Mashwani
- Department of Botany, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi 46300, Pakistan; (N.A.); (Z.-u.-R.M.)
| | - Peter Poczai
- Finnish Museum of Natural History, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
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16
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Abstract
Although several metal ions/metal nanoparticles (NPs) are toxic to both plants and animals, some of them are used as nutrients and growth promoters. Plants exposed to silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) have shown both beneficial and harmful effects. All concentrations of Ag-NPs are not effective for a given plant because any excess can block the passage of essential nutrients. Regulated treatment of plants by Ag-NPs may enhance their overall growth and development. It has been noticed that Ag-NPs decrease the mass of edible plants (Cucurbita pepo, Allium cepa, cabbage, and lettuce) and vegetables, but they also induce the germination of seeds in many cases. NPs interact with proteins, enzymes, and carbohydrates influencing the total biomass, root, and shoot growth of plants. Also, Ag-NPs act as an ethylene inhibitor and activate the antioxidants in onions. Their substantial quantity becomes deposited in onion leaves and bulbs. Size and concentration are the two major factors responsible for the increase/decrease of plant growth and biomass. Plants make adaptations to reduce the toxicity caused by Ag-NPs. In some cases, Ag-NPs induce root elongation and increase chlorophyll, carbohydrate, proteins, rate of photosynthesis and inhibit the biosynthesis of ethylene. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of both the beneficial and adverse effects of Ag-NPs on germination, growth, development, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of a wide range of edible and crop plants. We have also critically discussed: the chemistry, toxicity, uptake, translocation, and accumulation of Ag-NPs in plant systems.
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17
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Noori A, Bharath LP, White JC. Type-specific impacts of silver on the protein profile of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum L.). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 24:12-24. [PMID: 34000928 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1919052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are particularly among the widely used nanomaterials in medicine, industry, and agriculture. The small size and large surface area of AgNPs and other nanomaterials result in their high reactivity in biological systems. To better understand the effects of AgNPs on plants at the molecular level, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) seedlings were exposed to 30 mg/L silver in the form of nanoparticle (AgNPs), ionic (AgNO3), or bulk (Ag0) in 50% Hoagland media for 7 days. The effects of silver on the expression of plant membrane transporters H+-ATPase, vacuolar type H+-ATPase (V-ATPase), and enzymes isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH), and catalase in roots was assessed using RT-qPCR and immunofluorescence-confocal microscopy. We observed significantly higher expression of catalase in plants exposed to AgNPs (Fold of expression 1.1) and AgNO3 (Fold of expression 1.2) than the control group. The immunofluorescence imaging of the proteins confirmed the gene expression data; the expression of the enzyme catalase was upregulated 41, 216, and 770% higher than the control group in plants exposed to AgNPs, Ag0, and AgNO3, respectively. Exposure to AgnO3 resulted in the upregulation (fold of expression 1.2) of H+-ATPase and downregulation (fold of expression 0.7) of V-ATPase. A significant reduction in the expression of the redox-sensitive tricarboxylic cycle (TCA) enzyme mitochondrial IDH was observed in plants exposed to AgNPs (38%), AgNO3 (48%), or Ag0 (77%) compared to the control. This study shows that exposure to silver affects the expression of genes and protein involved in membrane transportation and oxidative response. The ionic form of silver had the most significant effect on the expression of genes and proteins compared to other forms of silver. The results from this study improve our understanding about the molecular effects of different forms of silver on important crop species. Novelty statementSilver nanoparticles released into the environment can be oxidized and be transformed into ionic form. Both the particulate and ionic forms of silver can be taken by plants and affect plants physiological and molecular responses. Despite the extensive research in this area, there is a scarce of information about the effects of silver nanoparticles on the expression of membrane transporters especially H+-ATPase involved in regulating cells' electrochemical charge, and the activity of enzymes involved in oxidative stress responses. This is a unique study that evaluates the expression of cellular proton transporters and enzymes of redox balance and energy metabolisms such as membrane transporters, H+-ATPase, and V-ATPases, and enzymes catalase and IDH. The results provide us valuable information about the impact of silver on plants at the molecular level by evaluating the expression of genes and proteins. Key MessageThe exposure of plants to silver as an environmental stressor affects the expression of genes and proteins involved in maintaining cell's electrochemical gradient (H+-ATPase, V-ATPase) and redox potential (IDH, catalase).
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Noori
- Department of Biology, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Leena P Bharath
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, Merrimack College, North Andover, MA, USA
| | - Jason C White
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA
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18
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Go green to protect plants: repurposing the antimicrobial activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles to combat phytopathogens. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s41204-021-00103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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19
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Abstract
The increasing metal release into the environment warrants investigating their impact on plants, which are cornerstones of ecosystems. Here, Lactuca sativa L. (lettuce) seedlings were exposed hydroponically to different concentrations of silver ions and nanoparticles (Ag NPs) for 25 days to evaluate their impact on plant growth. Seedlings taking Ag+ ions showed an increment of 18% in total phenolic content and 12% in total flavonoid content, whereas under Ag NPs, 7% free radical scavenging activity, 12% total phenolic contents (TPC), and 10% total reducing power are increased. An increase in 31% shoot length, 25% chlorophyll, 11% carbohydrate, and 16% protein content of the lettuce plant is observed in response to Ag NPs, while silver nitrate (AgNO3) has a reduced 40% growth. The lettuce plant was most susceptible to toxic effects of Ag+ ions at a lower concentration, i.e., 0.01 mg/L, while Ag NPs showed less toxicity, only when higher concentrations >100 mg/L were applied. Further, biomolecules other than antioxidant enzymes showed higher phytotoxicity for Ag+ ions, followed by Ag NPs with the concentration of 25, 50, and 100 mg/L compared to the control. Thus, moderate concentrations of Ag NPs have a stimulatory effect on seedling growth, while higher concentrations induced inhibitory effects due to the release of Ag+ ions. These results suggest that optimum metallic contents are desirable for the healthier growth of plants in a controlled way.
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20
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Wang X, Komatsu S. Review: Proteomic Techniques for the Development of Flood-Tolerant Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7497. [PMID: 33053653 PMCID: PMC7589014 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean, which is rich in protein and oil as well as phytochemicals, is cultivated in several climatic zones. However, its growth is markedly decreased by flooding stress, which is caused by climate change. Proteomic techniques were used for understanding the flood-response and -tolerant mechanisms in soybean. Subcellular proteomics has potential to elucidate localized cellular responses and investigate communications among subcellular components during plant growth and under stress stimuli. Furthermore, post-translational modifications play important roles in stress response and tolerance to flooding stress. Although many flood-response mechanisms have been reported, flood-tolerant mechanisms have not been fully clarified for soybean because of limitations in germplasm with flooding tolerance. This review provides an update on current biochemical and molecular networks involved in soybean tolerance against flooding stress, as well as recent developments in the area of functional genomics in terms of developing flood-tolerant soybeans. This work will expedite marker-assisted genetic enhancement studies in crops for developing high-yielding stress-tolerant lines or varieties under abiotic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Setsuko Komatsu
- Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Fukui 910-8505, Japan
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21
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Hasan M, Rafique S, Zafar A, Loomba S, Khan R, Hassan SG, Khan MW, Zahra S, Zia M, Mustafa G, Shu X, Ihsan Z, Mahmood N. Physiological and anti-oxidative response of biologically and chemically synthesized iron oxide: Zea mays a case study. Heliyon 2020; 6:e04595. [PMID: 32923707 PMCID: PMC7475124 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis methodology, particle size and shape, dose optimization, and toxicity studies of nano-fertilizers are vital prior to their field application. This study investigates the comparative response of chemically synthesized and biologically synthesized iron oxide nanorods (NRs) using moringa olefera along with bulk FeCl3 on summer maize (Zea mays). It is found that FeCl3 salt and chemically synthesized iron oxides NRs caused growth retardation and impaired plant physiological and anti-oxidative activities at a concentration higher than 25 mg/L due to toxicity by over accumulation. While iron released form biologically synthesized NRs have shown significantly positive results even at 50 mg/L due to their low toxicity, an improved leaf area (13%), number of leaves per plant (26%), total chlorophyll content (80%) and nitrate content (6%) with biologically synthesized NRs are obtained. Moreover, the plant anti-oxidative activity also increased on treatment with biologically synthesized NRs because of their ability to form a complex with metal ions. These findings suggest that biologically synthesized iron oxides NRs are an efficient iron source and can last for a long time. Thus, proving that nanofertilizer are required to have specific surface chemistry to release the nutrient in an appropriate concentration for better plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murtaza Hasan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Saira Rafique
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Suraj Loomba
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Rida Khan
- Department of Biochemistry & Biotechnology (Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Shahbaz Gul Hassan
- College of Information Science and Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Muhammad Waqas Khan
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
| | - Sadaf Zahra
- Department of Botany, The Islamia University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zia
- Department of Biotechnology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Mustafa
- Department of Plant Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 45320, Pakistan
| | - Xugang Shu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou 510225, China
| | - Zahid Ihsan
- Cholistan Institute of Desert Studies (CIDS), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Mahmood
- School of Engineering, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3001, Australia
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