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Ma J, Chen B, Wang K, Hu Y, Wang X, Zhan H, Wu W. Emotional contagion and cognitive empathy regulate the effect of depressive symptoms on empathy-related brain functional connectivity in patients with chronic back pain. J Affect Disord 2024; 362:459-467. [PMID: 39013522 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pain and depression share common neural mechanisms, but their impacts on empathy are different. It is unclear how comorbid depressive symptoms affect empathy-related brain function in patients with chronic pain. METHODS A total of 29 healthy participants and 107 patients with chronic back pain (CBP) were included in this study. All subjects underwent a functional MRI scan with concurrent empathic stimulation. Multiple linear regression, moderation analysis, and mediation analysis were used to explore the impacts of chronic pain and comorbid depression on empathy. RESULTS The interaction between the pain intensity and the depressive symptoms affected the functional connectivity (FC) of the insula-middle frontal gyrus (MFG), and the severity of the self-rating depression scale (SDS) scores moderated the effect of the pain on the left insula-left MFG FC. Within the CBP group, the emotional contagion (EC) scores served as a mediator in the association between the SDS scores and the FC of the left middle cingulate cortex (MCC)-inferior temporal gyrus (ITG), and the level of cognitive empathy (CE) moderated the effect of the SDS scores on the left MCC-ITG FC. LIMITATIONS There is a lack of research on the effects of depressive symptoms on empathy in individuals with different types of chronic pain. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms were strongly associated with the emotional contagion in patients with chronic back pain. Furthermore, the emotional contagion and the cognitive empathy regulated the effect of the comorbid depressive symptoms on the MCC-ITG connectivity in patients with chronic back pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqin Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Bingmei Chen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Kangling Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Yingxuan Hu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Xianglong Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China
| | - Hongrui Zhan
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China.
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510282, China.
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Tian X, Hu N, Lu L, Tan L, Li P. Gender differences in major depressive disorder at different ages: a REST-meta-MDD project-based study. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:575. [PMID: 39180019 PMCID: PMC11342488 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-06021-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly heterogeneous disease, with differences in clinical manifestations among depression patients based on onset ages and genders. The neural mechanisms underlying these differences remain unclear. In this study, we utilized resting state functional imaging data from a large sample database and adopted the ReHo method to investigate gender differences in local brain function in MDD patients across different onset age groups. METHODS The study included 364 MDD patients and 695 healthy participants who were part of the REST-meta-MDD project. Regional homogeneity (ReHo) assessed gender disparities in MDD and healthy individuals within groups delineated by gender and onset age (young group: 18-29 years; middle-aged group: 30-45 years). RESULTS Among the young MDD groups, there were significant gender differences in the right superior frontal gyrus, right inferior frontal gyrus, left superior temporal gyrus, and right superior parietal lobule, with male MDD patients having higher ReHo values compared to females. When compared to healthy males, male MDD patients exhibited elevated ReHo values in the right superior parietal lobule. In the middle-aged groups, a marked ReHo difference was observed in the bilateral cerebellum posterior lobe, with female MDD patients showing higher ReHo values. CONCLUSIONS The functional mechanisms of MDD differ between genders and show distinct variations across different onset age groups. These findings underscore the importance of developing personalized interventions that address the unique needs of MDD patients, tailored to their gender and age, and necessitate the development of antidepressant medications targeted at each gender-age subgroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Na Hu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lin Lu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Lili Tan
- Department of Radiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Peng Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), and National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, Peking University, 51 Huayuanbei Road, Beijing, 100191, China.
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Oh J, Lee T, Chung ES, Kim H, Cho K, Kim H, Choi J, Sim HH, Lee J, Choi IY, Kim DJ. Development of depression detection algorithm using text scripts of routine psychiatric interview. Front Psychiatry 2024; 14:1256571. [PMID: 38239906 PMCID: PMC10794729 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1256571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background A psychiatric interview is one of the important procedures in diagnosing psychiatric disorders. Through this interview, psychiatrists listen to the patient's medical history and major complaints, check their emotional state, and obtain clues for clinical diagnosis. Although there have been attempts to diagnose a specific mental disorder from a short doctor-patient conversation, there has been no attempt to classify the patient's emotional state based on the text scripts from a formal interview of more than 30 min and use it to diagnose depression. This study aimed to utilize the existing machine learning algorithm in diagnosing depression using the transcripts of one-on-one interviews between psychiatrists and depressed patients. Methods Seventy-seven clinical patients [with depression (n = 60); without depression (n = 17)] with a prior psychiatric diagnosis history participated in this study. The study was conducted with 24 male and 53 female subjects with the mean age of 33.8 (± 3.0). Psychiatrists conducted a conversational interview with each patient that lasted at least 30 min. All interviews with the subjects between August 2021 and November 2022 were recorded and transcribed into text scripts, and a text emotion recognition module was used to indicate the subject's representative emotions of each sentence. A machine learning algorithm discriminates patients with depression and those without depression based on text scripts. Results A machine learning model classified text scripts from depressive patients with non-depressive ones with an acceptable accuracy rate (AUC of 0.85). The distribution of emotions (surprise, fear, anger, love, sadness, disgust, neutral, and happiness) was significantly different between patients with depression and those without depression (p < 0.001), and the most contributing emotion in classifying the two groups was disgust (p < 0.001). Conclusion This is a qualitative and retrospective study to develop a tool to detect depression against patients without depression based on the text scripts of psychiatric interview, suggesting a novel and practical approach to understand the emotional characteristics of depression patients and to use them to detect the diagnosis of depression based on machine learning methods. This model could assist psychiatrists in clinical settings who conduct routine conversations with patients using text transcripts of the interviews.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihoon Oh
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Taekgyu Lee
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Su Chung
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | | | - Jihye Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Hee Sim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jongseo Lee
- College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Young Choi
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dai-Jin Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Seoul St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Gorrino I, Canessa N, Mattavelli G. Testing the effect of high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation of the insular cortex to modulate decision-making and executive control. Front Behav Neurosci 2023; 17:1234837. [PMID: 37840546 PMCID: PMC10568024 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2023.1234837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Previous neuroimaging evidence highlighted the role of the insular and dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) in conflict monitoring and decision-making, thus supporting the translational implications of targeting these regions in neuro-stimulation treatments for clinical purposes. Recent advancements of targeting and modeling procedures for high-definition tDCS (HD-tDCS) provided methodological support for the stimulation of otherwise challenging targets, and a previous study confirmed that cathodal HD-tDCS of the dACC modulates executive control and decision-making metrics in healthy individuals. On the other hand, evidence on the effect of stimulating the insula is still needed. Methods We used a modeling/targeting procedure to investigate the effect of stimulating the posterior insula on Flanker and gambling tasks assessing, respectively, executive control and both loss and risk aversion in decision-making. HD-tDCS was applied through 6 small electrodes delivering anodal, cathodal or sham stimulation for 20 min in a within-subject offline design with three separate sessions. Results Bayesian statistical analyses on Flanker conflict effect, as well as loss and risk aversion, provided moderate evidence for the null model (i.e., absence of HD-tDCS modulation). Discussion These findings suggest that further research on the effect of HD-tDCS on different regions is required to define reliable targets for clinical applications. While modeling and targeting procedures for neuromodulation in clinical research could lead to innovative protocols for stand-alone treatment, or possibly in combination with cognitive training, assessing the effectiveness of insula stimulation might require sensitive metrics other than those investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Gorrino
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
| | - Nicola Canessa
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Mattavelli
- IUSS Cognitive Neuroscience (ICoN) Center, Scuola Universitaria Superiore IUSS, Pavia, Italy
- Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory of Pavia Institute, Pavia, Italy
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Lam BPW, Yoon J. Dual-Language Testing of Emotional Verbal Fluency: A Closer Look at "Joy," "Sadness," "Fear," "Anger," and "Disgust". ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL NEUROPSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGISTS 2023; 38:91-105. [PMID: 35909221 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acac054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Assessing neuropsychological functions of dual-language speakers with semantic verbal fluency should consider the impact of language proficiency. Much evidence for the proficiency effect is found in tasks targeting neutral words. The proficiency effect on emotional verbal fluency (Emo-VF) that targets emotional word retrieval, however, is far from conclusive. This study aimed to clarify the proficiency effect on Emo-VF, specifically the extent to which language proficiency impacted positive and negative word retrieval comparably. In addition, the study examined the extent to which dual-languages speakers produced duplicated items and unique, non-duplicated items in each of two languages tested. METHOD Thirty-two adult participants completed Emo-VF tasks that targeted a comprehensive set of basic emotions ("joy," "sadness," "fear," "anger," "disgust") in English and Spanish in two sessions separated by at least 72 h. All participants exhibited greater proficiency in English than in Spanish according to subjective and objective measures of language proficiency. RESULTS Verbal productivity was comparably lowered for all emotions in the less proficient language. Differences among categories were consistent between languages, with "joy" eliciting more words than other emotions, and "fear" yielding the highest productivity among negative emotions. Finally, dual-language speakers produced a significant number of unique items in different languages, especially for "fear." CONCLUSION Language proficiency exerts a general effect on positive and negative word retrieval. The study extends previous work by revealing differences between "fear" and other negative categories in addition to replicating positivity biases in unbalanced dual-language speakers. Dual-language testing is valuable in capturing the richness of emotional word repertoire associated with different languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boji P W Lam
- Department of Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX USA
| | - Jiyoung Yoon
- Department of Spanish, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
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Culicetto L, Ferraioli F, Lucifora C, Falzone A, Martino G, Craparo G, Avenanti A, Vicario CM. Disgust as a transdiagnostic index of mental illness: A narrative review of clinical populations. Bull Menninger Clin 2023; 87:53-91. [PMID: 37871195 DOI: 10.1521/bumc.2023.87.suppa.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Disgust is a basic emotion of rejection, providing an ancestral defensive mechanism against illness. Based on research that documents altered experiences of disgust across several psychopathological conditions, we conducted a narrative review to address the hypothesis that altered disgust may serve as a transdiagnostic index of mental illness. Our synthesis of the literature from past decades suggests that, compared to healthy populations, patients with mental disorders exhibit abnormal processing of disgust in at least one of the analyzed dimensions. We also outline evidence of alterations in brain areas relevant to disgust processing, such as the insula and the interconnected limbic network. Overall, we provide preliminary support for the hypothesis that altered disgust processing may serve as a transdiagnostic index of mental illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Culicetto
- Department of Cognitive Science, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Lucifora
- Institute of Cognitive Science and Technology, ISTC-CNR, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Gabriella Martino
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Craparo
- Faculty of Human and Social Sciences, UKE-Kore University of Enna, Cittadella Universitaria, Enna, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile, and the Center for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology "Renzo Canestrari," Alma Mater Studiorum-University of Bologna, Cesena Campus, Cesena, Italy
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The Interplay between Chronotype and Emotion Regulation in the Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotion. Behav Sci (Basel) 2022; 13:bs13010038. [PMID: 36661610 PMCID: PMC9855169 DOI: 10.3390/bs13010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation strategies affect the experience and processing of emotions and emotional stimuli. Chronotype has also been shown to influence the processing of emotional stimuli, with late chronotypes showing a bias towards better processing of negative stimuli. Additionally, greater eveningness has been associated with increased difficulties in emotion regulation and preferential use of expressive suppression strategies. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand the interplay between chronotype and emotion regulation on the recognition of dynamic facial expressions of emotion. To that end, 287 participants answered self-report measures and performed an online facial emotion recognition task from short video clips where a neutral face gradually morphed into a full-emotion expression (one of the six basic emotions). Participants should press the spacebar to stop each video as soon as they could recognize the emotional expression, and then identify it from six provided labels/emotions. Greater eveningness was associated with shorter response times (RT) in the identification of sadness, disgust and happiness. Higher scores of expressive suppression were associated with longer RT in identifying sadness, disgust, anger and surprise. Expressive suppression significantly moderated the relationship between chronotype and the recognition of sadness and anger, with chronotype being a significant predictor of emotion recognition times only at higher levels of expressive suppression. No significant effects were observed for cognitive reappraisal. These results are consistent with a negative bias in emotion processing in late chronotypes and increased difficulty in anger and sadness recognition for expressive suppressor morning-types.
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Anti-Disgust Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Contamination-Based Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11102875. [PMID: 35629000 PMCID: PMC9145879 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11102875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Disgust is a strong and persistent emotion that frequently occurs during exposure-based treatments for contamination-based obsessive compulsive disorder (C-OCD). This study aimed to examine the efficacy of augmenting cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with a novel type of anti-disgust cognitive intervention in reducing the severity of OCD, disgust propensity/sensitivity, and refusal rate of exposure and response prevention, while simultaneously increasing acceptance of disgust. Materials and Methods: Fifty-five individuals with C-OCD (mean age 28.1 years, SD = 3.52; 77% female) were randomly assigned to 15 weekly sessions of anti-disgust plus CBT (AD-CBT) or CBT alone. They were evaluated for outcomes four times (pretreatment, prior to exposure and response prevention (ERP) sessions, posttreatment, and three-month follow-up), and mixed-design ANOVAs were used to analyze the data. Results: The findings indicated that when compared to CBT alone, AD-CBT significantly reduced OCD severity, disgust propensity/sensitivity, and concurrently increased disgust acceptance (p < 0.001). Additionally, engaging in an anti-disgust cognitive intervention was associated with lower ERP refusal rate (4% vs. 16%). The superiority of AD-CBT over CBT persisted through the three-month follow-up period. Conclusions: The current study suggests that supplementing CBT for C-OCD with an anti-disgust cognitive intervention significantly increased acceptance of disgust and decreased the refusal rate of ERP, OCD severity, and disgust-related factors.
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Liu J, Shi M. What Are the Characteristics of User Texts and Behaviors in Chinese Depression Posts? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:6129. [PMID: 35627666 PMCID: PMC9141684 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Social media platforms provide unique insights into mental health issues, but a large number of related studies have focused on English text information. The purpose of this paper is to identify the posting content and posting behaviors of users with depression on Chinese social media. These clues may suggest signs of depression. We created two data sets consisting of 130 users with diagnosed depression and 320 other users that were randomly selected. By comparing and analyzing the two data sets, we can observe more closely how users reveal their signs of depression on Chinese social platforms. The results show that the distribution of some Chinese speech users with depression is significantly different from that of other users. Emotional sadness, fear and disgust are more common in the depression class. For personal pronouns, negative words and interrogative words, there are also great differences between the two data sets. Using topic modeling, we found that patients mainly discussed seven topics: negative emotion fluctuation, disease treatment and somatic responses, sleep disorders, sense of worthlessness, suicidal extreme behavior, seeking emotional support and interpersonal communication. The depression class post negative polarity posts much more frequently than other users. The frequency and characteristics of posts also reveal certain characteristics, such as sleep problems and reduced self-disclosure. In this study, we used Chinese microblog data to conduct a detailed analysis of the users showing depression signs, which helps to identify more patients with depression. At the same time, the study can provide a further theoretical basis for cross-cultural research of different language groups in the field of psychology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mengshi Shi
- School of Management, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China;
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Pan P, Wang L, Wu C, Jin K, Cao S, Qiu Y, Teng Z, Li S, Shao T, Huang J, Wu H, Xiang H, Chen J, Liu F, Tang H, Guo W. Global Functional Connectivity Analysis Indicating Dysconnectivity of the Hate Circuit in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 13:803080. [PMID: 35250533 PMCID: PMC8891607 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.803080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Abnormalities of functional connectivity (FC) in certain brain regions are closely related to the pathophysiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Findings are inconsistent with different presuppositions in regions of interest. Our research focused on voxel-wise brain-wide FC changes in patients with MDD in an unbiased manner. Method We examined resting-state functional MRI in 23 patients with MDD and 26 healthy controls. Imaging data were analyzed by using global-brain FC (GFC) and used to explore the correlation of abnormal GFC values with clinical variables. Results Increased GFC values in the left medial superior frontal gyrus (SFGmed) and decreased GFC values in the right supplementary motor area (SMA) were observed in the patients with MDD compared with the controls. The decreased GFC values in the right SMA had a positive correlation with vitamin D and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) scores. Conclusion Abnormal GFC in the hate circuit, particularly increased GFC in the left SFGmed and decreased GFC in the right SMA, appears to be a new sight for comprehending the pathological alterations in MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Lu Wang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chujun Wu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kun Jin
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Song Cao
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yan Qiu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Ziwei Teng
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sujuan Li
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiannan Shao
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jing Huang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haishan Wu
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Xiang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jindong Chen
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Tang
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Hui Tang,
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Psychiatry, The Third People’s Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
- Wenbin Guo,
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Gan X, Zhou X, Li J, Jiao G, Jiang X, Biswal B, Yao S, Klugah-Brown B, Becker B. Common and distinct neurofunctional representations of core and social disgust in the brain: Coordinate-based and network meta-analyses. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2022; 135:104553. [PMID: 35122784 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Disgust represents a multifaceted defensive-avoidance response. On the behavioral level, the response includes withdrawal and a disgust-specific facial expression. While both serve the avoidance of pathogens, the latter additionally transmits social-communicative information. Given that common and distinct brain representation of the primary defensive-avoidance response (core disgust) and encoding of the social-communicative signal (social disgust) remain debated, we employed neuroimaging meta-analyses to (1) determine brain systems generally engaged in disgust processing, and (2) segregate common and distinct brain systems for core and social disgust. Disgust processing, in general, engaged a bilateral network encompassing the insula, amygdala, occipital and prefrontal regions. Core disgust evoked stronger reactivity in left-lateralized threat detection and defensive response network including amygdala, occipital and frontal regions, while social disgust engaged a right-lateralized superior temporal-frontal network engaged in social cognition. Anterior insula, inferior frontal and fusiform regions were commonly engaged during core and social disgust, suggesting a shared neurofunctional basis. We demonstrate a common and distinct neural basis of primary disgust responses and encoding of associated social-communicative signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Gan
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Xinqi Zhou
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Jialin Li
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China; Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Guojuan Jiao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Xi Jiang
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Bharat Biswal
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China; Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, NJ 7102, United States
| | - Shuxia Yao
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Benjamin Klugah-Brown
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China.
| | - Benjamin Becker
- The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China.
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Duan S, Lawrence A, Valmaggia L, Moll J, Zahn R. Maladaptive blame-related action tendencies are associated with vulnerability to major depressive disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 145:70-76. [PMID: 34875461 PMCID: PMC8756141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Biases towards self-blaming emotions, such as self-contempt/disgust, were previously associated with vulnerability to major depressive disorder (MDD). Self-blaming emotions are thought to prompt specific action tendencies (e.g. "feeling like hiding"), which are likely to be more important for psychosocial functioning than the emotions themselves. Systematic investigations, however, of these action tendencies in MDD are lacking. Here, we investigated the role of blame-related action tendencies for MDD vulnerability and their relationship with blame-related emotions. 76 participants with medication-free remitted MDD and 44 healthy control (HC) participants without a history of MDD completed the value-related moral sentiment task, which measured their blame-related emotions during hypothetical social interactions and a novel task to assess their blame-related action tendencies (feeling like hiding, apologising, creating a distance from oneself, attacking oneself, creating a distance from other, attacking other, no action). As predicted, the MDD group showed a maladaptive profile of action tendencies: a higher proneness to feeling like hiding and creating a distance from themselves compared with the HC group. In contrast, feeling like apologising was less common in the MDD than the HC group. Apologising for one's wrongdoing was associated with all self-blaming emotions including shame, guilt, self-contempt/disgust and self-indignation. Hiding was associated with both shame and guilt. Our study shows that MDD vulnerability was associated with specific maladaptive action tendencies which were independent of the type of emotion, thus unveiling novel cognitive markers and neurocognitive treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqian Duan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Lawrence
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Lucia Valmaggia
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jorge Moll
- Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22280-080, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Roland Zahn
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, Department of Psychological Medicine, Centre for Affective Disorders, King's College London, London, UK; Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience Unit, D'Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), 22280-080, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil; South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, UK.
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Coulthard H, Aldridge V, Fox G. Food neophobia and the evaluation of novel foods in adults; the sensory, emotional, association (SEA) model of the decision to taste a novel food. Appetite 2021; 168:105764. [PMID: 34756938 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Reluctance to eat new foods, known as food neophobia, is well researched in children but not adults. Two studies were carried out to understand the emotional, sensory, and cognitive factors associated with food neophobia in an adult sample, and to propose a preliminary explanation of the decision to taste a novel food named the SEA model (Sensory, Emotional, cognitive Association model). Participants were recruited through opportunity sampling of a university population in the Leicester region of the UK. Study one (n = 534) was a cross sectional study examining associations between self-report measures of food neophobia, emotional variables and sensory variables. In study two (n = 160), participants completed an online cognitive evaluation of 7 images of novel fruits and vegetables, rating perceived familiarity, categorisation as fruit or vegetable, cognitive associations based on appearance (what does the food look like), liking of any associated foods, and expected liking of the novel food. In study 1 it was found that tactile sensitivity and disgust sensitivity were the main sensory and emotional variables associated with food neophobia. In study 2, it was found that food neophobia and lower expected liking of novel foods were associated with disgust sensitivity, associating the novel foods with disliked foods, and lower perceived familiarity. The SEA model further proposes that underlying tendencies and automatic reactions to foods, combine with cognitive associations based on negative memories and negative beliefs about tasting new foods, to create expected disliking of a food and a decreased likelihood that it will be tried. Further work is needed to fully test the SEA model of the decision to taste a novel food, in particular to further examine how associations are formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Coulthard
- Division of Psychology, School of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK.
| | - Victoria Aldridge
- Division of Psychology, School of Health & Life Sciences, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, UK
| | - Gemma Fox
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2QL, UK
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Pregnancy leads to changes in the brain functional network: a connectome analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:811-819. [PMID: 34590214 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00561-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy leads to long-lasting changes in human brain structure; however, little is known regarding alterations in the topological organization of functional networks. In this study, we investigated the effect of pregnancy on human brain function networks. Resting-state fMRI data was collected from eighteen primiparous mothers and twenty-four nulliparous control women of similar age, education level and body mass index (BMI). The functional brain network and topological properties were calculated by using GRETNA toolbox. The demographic data differences between two groups were computed by the independent two sample t-test. We tested group differences in network metrics' area under curve (AUC) using non-parametric permutation test of 1,000 permutations and corrected for false discovery rate (FDR). Differences in regional networks between groups were evaluated using non-parametric permutation tests by network-based statistical analysis (NBS). Compared with the nulliparous control women, a hub node changed from left inferior temporal gyrus to right precentral gyrus in primiparous mothers, while primiparous mothers showed enhanced network global efficiency (p = 0.247), enhanced local efficiency (p = 0.410), larger clustering coefficient (p = 0.410), but shorter characteristic path length (p = 0.247), smaller normalized clustering coefficient (p = 0.111), and shorter normalized characteristic path length (p = 0.705). Although both groups of functional networks have small-world property (σ > 1), the σ values of primiparous mothers were decreased significantly. NBS evaluation showed the majority of altered connected sub-network in the primiparous mothers occurred in the bilateral frontal lobe gyrus (p < 0.05). Altered functional network metrics and an abnormal sub-network were found in primiparous mothers, suggested that pregnancy may lead to changes in the brain functional network.
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15
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Facial expression recognition: A meta-analytic review of theoretical models and neuroimaging evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 127:820-836. [PMID: 34052280 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Discrimination of facial expressions is an elementary function of the human brain. While the way emotions are represented in the brain has long been debated, common and specific neural representations in recognition of facial expressions are also complicated. To examine brain organizations and asymmetry on discrete and dimensional facial emotions, we conducted an activation likelihood estimation meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modelling on 141 studies with a total of 3138 participants. We found consistent engagement of the amygdala and a common set of brain networks across discrete and dimensional emotions. The left-hemisphere dominance of the amygdala and AI across categories of facial expression, but category-specific lateralization of the vmPFC, suggesting a flexibly asymmetrical neural representations of facial expression recognition. These results converge to characteristic activation and connectivity patterns across discrete and dimensional emotion categories in recognition of facial expressions. Our findings provide the first quantitatively meta-analytic brain network-based evidence supportive of the psychological constructionist hypothesis in facial expression recognition.
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Li X, Wang J. Abnormal neural activities in adults and youths with major depressive disorder during emotional processing: a meta-analysis. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 15:1134-1154. [PMID: 32710330 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-020-00299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal neural activities during emotional processing have been found in both adults and youths with major depressive disorder. However, findings were inconsistent in each group and cannot be compared to each other. METHODS We first identified neuroimaging experiments that revealed abnormal neural activities during emotional processing in patients with major depressive disorder published from January 1997 to January 2019. Then we conducted voxel-wise meta-analyses on adult and youth patients separately and compared the two age groups using direct meta-comparison. RESULTS Fifty-four studies comprising 1141 patients and 1242 healthy controls were identified. Both adult and youth patients showed abnormal neural activities in anterior cingulate cortex, insula, superior and middle temporal gyrus, and occipital cortex compared to healthy controls. However, hyperactivities in the superior and middle frontal gyrus, amygdala, and hippocampus were only observed in adult patients, while hyperactivity in the striatum was only found in youth patients compared to controls. In addition, compared with youths, adult patients exhibited significantly greater abnormal activities in insula, middle frontal gyrus, and hippocampus, and significantly lower abnormal activities in middle temporal gyrus, middle occipital gyrus, lingual gyrus, and striatum. CONCLUSIONS The common alterations confirmed the negative processing bias in major depressive disorder. Both adult and youth patients were suggested to have disturbed emotional perception, appraisal, and reactivity. However, adult patients might be more subject to the impaired appraisal and reactivity processes, while youth patients were more subject to the impaired perception process. These findings help us understand the progressive pathophysiology of major depressive disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqian Li
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, 4067, Australia
| | - Junjing Wang
- Department of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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17
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Mirman A, Bick AS, Kalla C, Canetti L, Segman R, Dan R, Ben Yehuda A, Levin N, Bonne O. The imprint of childhood adversity on emotional processing in high functioning young adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:615-625. [PMID: 33125770 PMCID: PMC7814751 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been acknowledged as risk factors for increased mental health complications in adulthood, specifically increasing susceptibility to developing psychopathology upon exposure to trauma. Yet, little is known regarding the impact of mild ACEs on highly functioning population. In this study forty participants were selected from a group of 366 highly selected military parachute trainees using the self-report "childhood trauma questionnaire," and classified into two groups of 20 each, with and without ACEs. Behavioral measurements were obtained before and at the peak of an intensive combat training period, including anxiety, depression and executive function assessment. Functional MRI including a negative emotional face perception task was conducted at the first time point. Psychometric and cognitive measurements revealed higher levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms, and more difficulties in executive functioning in the ACE group at baseline. Slower reaction time to emotional faces presentation was found in the ACE group. Lower activation in response to negative emotional faces stimuli was found in this group in bilateral secondary visual areas, left anterior insula, left parietal cortex and left primary motor and sensory regions. In contrast, higher activation in the ACE group was found in the right ventral lateral prefrontal cortex (Vlpfc). No significant differences between groups were detected in the amygdala. To conclude, mild adverse childhood experiences produce long-term sequela on psychological wellbeing and neurocircuitry even in high functioning population. Brain regions modulated by childhood trauma may instigate avoidance mechanisms dampening the emotional and cognitive effects of intensive stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aron Mirman
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of NeurologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Atira S. Bick
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of NeurologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Carmel Kalla
- Department of Mental HealthIsrael Defense ForcesRamat‐GanIsrael
| | - Laura Canetti
- Department of PsychologyHebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
| | - Ronen Segman
- Molecular Psychiatry LaboratoryHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Rotem Dan
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC)Hebrew University of JerusalemJerusalemIsrael
- Department of NeurologyHadassah Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | | | - Netta Levin
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of NeurologyHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
| | - Omer Bonne
- Department of PsychiatryHadassah‐Hebrew University Medical CenterJerusalemIsrael
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18
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Tao D, He Z, Lin Y, Liu C, Tao Q. Where does fear originate in the brain? A coordinate-based meta-analysis of explicit and implicit fear processing. Neuroimage 2020; 227:117686. [PMID: 33359340 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Processing of fear is of crucial importance for human survival and it can generally occur at explicit and implicit conditions. It is worth noting that explicit and implicit fear processing produces different behavioral and neurophysiological outcomes. The present study capitalizes on the Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE) method of meta-analysis to identify: (a) the "core" network of fear processing in healthy individuals; (b) common and specific neural activations associated with explicit and implicit processing of fear. Following PRISMA guidelines, a total of 92 fMRI and PET studies were included in the meta-analysis. The overall analysis show that the core fear network comprises the amygdala, pulvinar, and fronto-occipital regions. Both implicit and explicit fear processing activated amygdala, declive, fusiform gyrus, and middle frontal gyrus, suggesting that these two types of fear processing share a common neural substrate. Explicit fear processing elicited more activations at the pulvinar and parahippocampal gyrus, suggesting visual attention/orientation and contextual association play important roles during explicit fear processing. In contrast, implicit fear processing elicited more activations at the cerebellum-amygdala-cortical pathway, indicating an 'alarm' system underlying implicit fear processing. These findings have shed light on the neural mechanism underlying fear processing at different levels of awareness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Tao
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Zonglin He
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Yuchen Lin
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Chang Liu
- International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Qian Tao
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Division of Medical Psychology and Behavior Science, School of Basic Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China; Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou 510515, China.
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19
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Fan Z, Yang J, Zeng C, Xi C, Wu G, Guo S, Xue Z, Liu Z, Tao H. Bipolar Mood State Reflected in Functional Connectivity of the Hate Circuit: A Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:556126. [PMID: 33192670 PMCID: PMC7652934 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.556126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies suggested bipolar disorder caused an aberrant alteration in the insular, putamen, and left superior frontal gyrus, which are the main components of the hate circuit. However, the relationship between the hate circuit and the pathophysiologic substrate underlying different phases of bipolar disorder remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to identify group differences of resting-state functional connectivity within the hate circuit in healthy controls (HCs) and bipolar patients in different mood states. METHODS Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain were acquired from 54 HCs and 81 patients with bipolar disorder including 20 with bipolar mania (BM), 35 with bipolar depression (BD), and 26 with bipolar euthymia (BE). We selected bilateral insula (L.INS and R.INS), bilateral putamen (L.PUT and R.PUT), and left superior frontal gyrus (L.SFGd) as seed regions, and conducted the seed-based functional connectivity analysis to identify group differences of connectivity strength within the hate circuit. Spearman correlations were performed to evaluate the relationship between the hate circuit and manic/depressive symptoms. RESULTS Significant group differences of connectivity strength within the hate circuit were found in links of the R.INS-L.SFGd, R.PUT-L.SFGd, and L.INS- R.PUT after false discovery rate was corrected. The BM group showed an opposite hate circuit pattern to BD, BE, and HCs. The BD group showed decreased hate circuit connectivity in the L.INS-R.PUT compared with the BE group. No significant difference was detected among BD, BE, and HCs. Furthermore, functional connectivity of the R.INS-L.SFGd and R.PUT-L.SFGd were positively correlated with manic symptoms, while the L.INS- R.PUT was negatively correlated with depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings suggest that altered functional connectivity of the hate circuit in different mood phases may be related to state markers and underpin the neuropathological basis of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Fan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Can Zeng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Chang Xi
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Guowei Wu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Shuixia Guo
- Mathematics and Computer Science College, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhimin Xue
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Zhening Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
| | - Haojuan Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
- National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Changsha, China
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Brain PET metabolic substrate of TMS response in pharmaco-resistant depression. Brain Stimul 2020; 13:683-685. [PMID: 32289697 DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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Shi Y, Tong C, Zhang M, Gao X. Altered functional connectivity density in the brains of hemodialysis end-stage renal disease patients: An in vivo resting-state functional MRI study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0227123. [PMID: 31891646 PMCID: PMC6938298 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients usually suffer from a high prevalence of central nervous system abnormalities, including cognitive impairment and emotional disorders, which severely influence their quality of life. There have been many neuroimaging research developments in ESRD patients with brain function abnormalities; however, the dysfunction of the salience network (SN) of them has received little attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes of global functional connectivity density (gFCD) in brains of ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (re-fMRI). Methods re-fMRI data were collected from 30 ESRD patients undergoing hemodialysis (14 men, 38.33±7.44 years old) and 30 matched healthy controls (13 men, 39.17±5.7 years old). Neuropsychological tests including the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were used to evaluate the neurocognitive and psychiatric conditions of the subjects. Blood biochemistry tests, including hemoglobin level, serum albumin level, blood urea level, serum phosphate, serum calcium, and parathyroid hormone level, and dialysis-related indicators, including blood pressure fluctuations in dialysis, single-pool Kt/V(spKt/V), and ultrafiltration volume of dialysis were obtained from the ESRD patients. A two-sample t-test was used to examine the group differences in gFCD between ESRD patients and healthy controls after controlling for age, gender and education. Results Compared with healthy controls, ESRD patients exhibited a significantly increased gFCD in the salience network, including the bilateral insula, and dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (dACC), and there was no significant correlation between gFCD and the structural mean grey matter volume in patients for every cluster in the brain regions showing significant different gFCD between the two groups. Furthermore, there were significant negative correlations between the degree of connectivity in the right insula and spKt/V. Conclusion Our findings revealed abnormal intrinsic dysconnectivity pattern of salience network-related regions in ESRD patients from the whole brain network perspective. The negative correlation between the right insula and spKt/V suggested that increased fractional removal of urea may reduce the pathological activity in the insula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Shi
- Department of Nephrology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaoyang Tong
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
| | - Minghao Zhang
- Center for Lab Teaching and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoling Gao
- Department of Nephrology, The Ninth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail:
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22
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Shi W, He Y, Li Q, Tang L, Li B, Lin Q, Min Y, Yuan Q, Zhu P, Liang R, Shao Y. Central network changes in patients with advanced monocular blindness: A voxel-based morphometric study. Brain Behav 2019; 9:e01421. [PMID: 31573760 PMCID: PMC6790323 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the changes in gray matter volume (GMV) in patients with advanced monocular blindness (MB) using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). METHODS Thirty-one patients with advanced MB (25 males and six females) and 31 normal controls (25 males and six females) were enrolled. The t test was applied to determine the differences in GMV, white matter volume (WMV), and volume of cerebrospinal fluid in different regions of the brain. The local characteristics of spontaneous concentrations of brain tissue were evaluated by the VBM method. The effects of blindness duration on differences in the GMV were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the GMV was decreased in the upper right margin, bilateral insular cortex, right cingulate gyrus, left occipital gyrus, and right suboccipital lobe, and negatively correlated with blindness duration in the upper right posterior margin, bilateral insular cortex, and right cingulate cortex. CONCLUSIONS We found that patients with MB showed abnormal WMV and GMV, as evidenced by local changes in the brain. In addition, reduced GMV in specific parts of the brain was associated with the duration of blindness, which may indicate neuropathological mechanisms of visual loss in patients with MB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen‐Qing Shi
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yin He
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qing‐Hai Li
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Li‐Ying Tang
- Department of OphthalmologyXiang'an Hospital of Xiamen UniversityFujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual ScienceEye Institute of Xiamen UniversityXiamen University School of MedicineXiamenChina
| | - Biao Li
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - You‐Lan Min
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Qing Yuan
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Pei‐Wen Zhu
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Rong‐Bing Liang
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Yi Shao
- Department of OphthalmologyJiangxi Province Ocular Disease Clinical Research CenterThe First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
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Warren MB, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Subchronic treatment with St John's wort produces a positive shift in emotional processing in healthy volunteers. J Psychopharmacol 2019; 33:194-201. [PMID: 30484733 DOI: 10.1177/0269881118812101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neurocognitive model of antidepressant treatment in depression states that antidepressants work by producing relatively immediate positive shifts in emotional processing, which translate into clinical improvement with time. St John's Wort has shown antidepressant potential in randomised controlled trials; however, its pharmacological actions are broad and it is unknown whether treatment also produces changes in emotional processing. AIMS We investigated whether short-term treatment with St John's wort has similar effects on emotional processing to those reported with other antidepressants such as selective serotonergic reuptake inhibitors. METHODS Forty-eight healthy participants were given St John's wort or placebo treatment for seven days. On day 7 they completed a battery of tasks to measure emotional processing and other elements of cognition. RESULTS St John's wort treatment produced similar changes to other antidepressants, for example reducing recognition of disgusted faces and attention to fearful faces, while increasing memory for positive words. We failed to find evidence for an effect of St John's wort on other aspects of cognition including working memory. CONCLUSIONS These findings lend support to the theory that the production of early positive biases in emotional processing may be a common feature of all clinically effective antidepressants with diverse pharmacological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip J Cowen
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 2 Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital,University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Catherine J Harmer
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- 2 Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, Warneford Hospital,University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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24
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Khairallah C, Zoghbi M, Richa S, Bou Khalil R. Disgust, impulsivity and depressive dimensions in subjects at risk for bulimia nervosa and/or binge eating disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2019; 39:32-34. [PMID: 30522004 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE the study aims to assess the depressive symptoms, the disgust feeling and the impulsivity index in subjects showing a high risk of binge eating disorder (BED) and/or bulimia nervosa (BN) through a cross-sectional study of 150 participants. RESULTS There was no significant difference regarding age, sex, employment and marital status between subjects at high risk for BED/BN (Group A) and controls (Group B). However, participants in group A presented higher scores of depressions (p = 0.021), impulsivity (p = 0.027) and Disgust (p = 0.030) with significant associations. CONCLUSION The neurobiological basis for these associations might be related to a dysfunction in the insular cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marouan Zoghbi
- Biostatistics, Saint-Joseph University, Achrafieh, Lebanon
| | - Sami Richa
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Achrafieh, Lebanon
| | - Rami Bou Khalil
- Department of Psychiatry, Hotel Dieu de France Hospital, Achrafieh, Lebanon
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25
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fMRI Response of Parietal Brain Areas to Sad Facial Stimuli in Mild Depression. Bull Exp Biol Med 2018; 165:741-745. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-018-4255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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26
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Jankowski KF, Batres J, Scott H, Smyda G, Pfeifer JH, Quevedo K. Feeling left out: depressed adolescents may atypically recruit emotional salience and regulation networks during social exclusion. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2018; 13:863-876. [PMID: 30059994 PMCID: PMC6123522 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsy055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is associated with negative attention and attribution biases and maladaptive emotion responsivity and regulation, which adversely impact self-evaluations and interpersonal relationships. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the neural substrates of these impairments. We compared neural activity recruited by 126 clinically depressed and healthy adolescents (ages 11-17 years) during social exclusion (Exclusion > Inclusion) using Cyberball. Results revealed significant interaction effects within left anterior insula (AI)/inferior frontal gyrus and left middle temporal gyrus. Insula hyperresponsivity was associated with peer exclusion for depressed adolescents but peer inclusion for healthy adolescents. In additional, healthy adolescents recruited greater lateral temporal activity during peer exclusion. Complementary effect size analyses within independent parcellations offered converging evidence, as well as highlighted medium-to-large effects within subgenual/ventral anterior cingulate cortex and lateral prefrontal, lateral temporal and lateral parietal regions implicated in emotion regulation. Depressogenic neural patterns were associated with negative self-perceptions and negative information processing biases. These findings suggest a neural mechanism underlying cognitive biases in depression, as reflected by emotional hyperresponsivity and maladaptive regulation/reappraisal of negative social evaluative information. This study lends further support for salience and central executive network dysfunction underlying social threat processing, and in particular, highlights the anterior insula as a key region of disturbance in adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Hannah Scott
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota
| | - Garry Smyda
- School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh
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27
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Effects of prefrontal theta-burst stimulation on brain function in treatment-resistant depression: A randomized sham-controlled neuroimaging study. Brain Stimul 2018; 11:1054-1062. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2018.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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28
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Watters AJ, Harris AW, Williams LM. Electrocortical reactivity to negative and positive facial expressions in individuals with a family history of major depression. Biol Psychol 2018; 136:127-135. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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29
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Cooper CM, Godlewska B, Sharpley AL, Barnes E, Cowen PJ, Harmer CJ. Interferon-α induces negative biases in emotional processing in patients with hepatitis C virus infection: a preliminary study. Psychol Med 2018; 48:998-1007. [PMID: 28889805 PMCID: PMC5767463 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291717002379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2017] [Revised: 07/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of medical patients with the inflammatory cytokine, interferon-α (IFN-α), is frequently associated with the development of clinical depressive symptomatology. Several important biological correlates of the effect of IFN-α on mood have been described, but the neuropsychological changes associated with IFN-α treatment are largely unexplored. The aim of the present preliminary study was to assess the effect of IFN-α on measures of emotional processing. METHOD We measured changes in emotional processing over 6-8 weeks in 17 patients receiving IFN-α as part of their treatment for hepatitis C virus infection. Emotional processing tasks included those which have previously been shown to be sensitive to the effects of depression and antidepressant treatment, namely facial expression recognition, emotional categorisation and the dot probe attentional task. RESULTS Following IFN-α, patients were more accurate at detecting facial expressions of disgust; they also showed diminished attentional vigilance to happy faces. IFN-α produced the expected increases in scores on depression rating scales, but there was no correlation between these scores and the changes in emotional processing. CONCLUSIONS Our preliminary findings suggest that IFN-α treatment produces negative biases in emotional processing, and this effect is not simply a consequence of depression. It is possible that increased recognition of disgust may represent a neuropsychological marker of depressive disorders related to inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. M. Cooper
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - B. Godlewska
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A. L. Sharpley
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - E. Barnes
- NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, UK
- The Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - P. J. Cowen
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - C. J. Harmer
- University Department of Psychiatry, Warneford Hospital Oxford, Oxford, UK
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30
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Kong QM, Qiao H, Liu CZ, Zhang P, Li K, Wang L, Li JT, Su Y, Li KQ, Yan CG, Mitchell PB, Si TM. Aberrant intrinsic functional connectivity in thalamo-cortical networks in major depressive disorder. CNS Neurosci Ther 2018; 24:1063-1072. [PMID: 29493113 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 01/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence has implicated dysfunction of the thalamus and its projection cortical targets in depression. However, the anatomical specificity of thalamo-cortical connectivity in major depressive disorder (MDD) remains unknown due to the regional heterogeneity of the thalamus and limited methods to examine this. METHODS Resting-state fMRI was collected on 70 MDD patients and 70 healthy controls. The thalamus was parcellated based on connectivity with six predefined cortical regions of interest (ROIs). The segmented thalamic nuclei were used as seeds to map connectivity with the rest of the whole brain. The cortical-to-thalamus connectivity values and thalamus-based connectivity maps were compared between groups. RESULTS The cortical ROIs demonstrated correlations with spatially distinct zones within the thalamus. We found a trend toward reduced parietal ROI-to-thalamus connectivity in MDD. Importantly, MDD patients demonstrated reduced connectivity between prefrontal and parietal thalamus ROIs and bilateral middle frontal gyrus (MFG) and the right posterior default mode network (DMN) and between the prefrontal and motor thalamus ROIs and lateral temporal regions. Conversely, increased connectivity emerged between the motor thalamus ROI and right MFG and right medial frontal gyrus/anterior cingulate; between motor/somatosensory thalamus ROIs and right posterior DMN; between prefrontal/somatosensory thalamus ROIs and cerebellum; and between the parietal thalamus ROI and left insula. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to examine the anatomical specificity of thalamo-cortical connectivity disturbances in MDD. Subjects with MDD demonstrated altered thalamo-cortical connectivity characterized by a complex pattern of region-dependent hypo- or hyperconnectivity. We therefore speculate that selectively modulating the connectivity of thalamo-cortical circuitry may be a potential novel therapeutic mechanism for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Mei Kong
- Peking University the Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Hong Qiao
- Peking University the Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Chao-Zhong Liu
- Peking University the Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- The Sixth Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Radiology, 306 Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Beijing, China
| | - Li Wang
- Peking University the Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Tao Li
- Peking University the Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yun'Ai Su
- Peking University the Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Qing Li
- The Sixth Hospital of Hebei Province, Hebei, China
| | - Chao-Gan Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
| | - Philip B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales and Black Dog Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tian-Mei Si
- Peking University the Sixth Hospital (Institute of Mental Health), Beijing, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Mental Health Disorders & Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Ministry of Health (Peking University), Beijing, China
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31
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Conjoint and dissociated structural and functional abnormalities in first-episode drug-naive patients with major depressive disorder: a multimodal meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10401. [PMID: 28871117 PMCID: PMC5583354 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-08944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Published MRI evidence of structural and resting-state functional brain abnormalities in MDD has been inconsistent. To eliminate interference by repeated disease episodes and antidepressant treatment, we conducted the first multimodal voxel-wise meta-analysis of studies of voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in first-episode drug-naive MDD patients, using the Seed-based d Mapping method (SDM). Fifteen VBM data sets and 11 ALFF data sets were included. SDM-based multimodal meta-analysis was used to highlight brain regions with both structural and functional abnormalities. This identified conjoint structural and functional abnormalities in left lateral orbitofrontal cortex and right supplementary motor area, and also dissociated abnormalities of structure (decreased grey matter in right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and right inferior temporal gyrus; increased grey matter in right insula, right putamen, left temporal pole, and bilateral thalamus) and function (increased brain activity in left supplementary motor area, left parahippocampal gyrus, and hippocampus; decreased brain activity in right lateral orbitofrontal cortex). This study reveals a complex pattern of conjoint and dissociated structural and functional abnormalities, supporting the involvement of basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits, representing emotional, cognitive and psychomotor abnormalities, in the pathophysiology of early-stage MDD. Specifically, this study adds to Psychoradiology, an emerging subspecialty of radiology, which seems primed to play a major clinical role in guiding diagnostic and treatment planning decisions in patients with mental disorder.
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32
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Core, social and moral disgust are bounded: A review on behavioral and neural bases of repugnance in clinical disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 80:185-200. [PMID: 28506923 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Disgust is a multifaceted experience that might affect several aspects of life. Here, we reviewed research on neurological and psychiatric disorders that are characterized by abnormal disgust processing to test the hypothesis of a shared neurocognitive architecture in the representation of three disgust domains: i) personal experience of 'core disgust'; ii) social disgust, i.e., sensitivity to others' expressions of disgust; iii) moral disgust, i.e., sensitivity to ethical violations. Our review provides some support to the shared neurocognitive hypothesis and suggests that the insula might be the "hub" structure linking the three domains of disgust sensitivity, while other brain regions may subserve specific facets of the multidimensional experience. Our review also suggests a role of serotonin core and moral disgust, supporting "neo-sentimentalist" theories of morality, which posit a causal role of affect in moral judgment.
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33
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Namkung H, Kim SH, Sawa A. The Insula: An Underestimated Brain Area in Clinical Neuroscience, Psychiatry, and Neurology. Trends Neurosci 2017; 40:200-207. [PMID: 28314446 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Supported by recent human neuroimaging studies, the insula is re-emerging as an important brain area not only in the physiological understanding of the brain, but also in pathological contexts in clinical research. In this opinion article, we briefly introduce the anatomical and histological features of the human insula. We then summarize the physiological functions of the insula and underscore its pathological roles in psychiatric and neurological disorders that have long been underestimated. We finally propose possible strategies through which the role of the insula may be further understood for both basic and clinical neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho Namkung
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Sun-Hong Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
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34
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A spectroscopic approach toward depression diagnosis: local metabolism meets functional connectivity. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:95-105. [PMID: 27561792 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0726-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal anterior insula (AI) response and functional connectivity (FC) is associated with depression. In addition to clinical features, such as severity, AI FC and its metabolism further predicted therapeutic response. Abnormal FC between anterior cingulate and AI covaried with reduced glutamate level within cingulate cortex. Recently, deficient glial glutamate conversion was found in AI in major depression disorder (MDD). We therefore postulate a local glutamatergic mechanism in insula cortex of depressive patients, which is correlated with symptoms severity and itself influences AI's network connectivity in MDD. Twenty-five MDD patients and 25 healthy controls (HC) matched on age and sex underwent resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and magnetic resonance spectroscopy scans. To determine the role of local glutamate-glutamine complex (Glx) ratio on whole brain AI FC, we conducted regression analysis with Glx relative to creatine (Cr) ratio as factor of interest and age, sex, and voxel tissue composition as nuisance factors. We found that in MDD, but not in HC, AI Glx/Cr ratio correlated positively with AI FC to right supramarginal gyrus and negatively with AI FC toward left occipital cortex (p < 0.05 family wise error). AI Glx/Cr level was negatively correlated with HAMD score (p < 0.05) in MDD patients. We showed that the local AI ratio of glutamatergic-creatine metabolism is an underlying candidate subserving functional network disintegration of insula toward low level and supramodal integration areas, in MDD. While causality cannot directly be inferred from such correlation, our finding helps to define a multilevel network of response-predicting regions based on local metabolism and connectivity strength.
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35
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The alterations in regional homogeneity of parieto-cingulate and temporo-cerebellum regions of first-episode medication-naïve depression patients. Brain Imaging Behav 2016; 10:187-94. [PMID: 25904155 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-015-9381-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study surveyed the characteristics of the indicator for the synchrony of brain activities, regional homogeneity (ReHo), in patients who were diagnosed with major depressive disorder (MDD) without co-morbidities. Forty-four patients with MDD and twenty-seven normal controls were enrolled in our study. The ReHo outputs of patients and controls were compared by a nonparametric permutation-based method with global brain volume, age, and gender as covariates. In addition, the correlations between the clinical variables (such as depression severity, anxiety severity, illness duration) and ReHo values were also estimated in each group and across both groups. The patients with MDD had lower ReHo values than the controls for the cognitive division of right anterior cingulate cortex and the left inferior parietal lobule. In contrast, the patients had higher values of ReHo than controls for the right inferior temporal lobe and the right cerebellum. Additionally, the ReHo values were negatively correlated with the depression severity and with illness duration in the right anterior cingulate cortex. MDD patients had significant alterations in the ReHo of the parieto-cingulate and temporo-cerebellum regions with opposite trends.
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36
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Knowles KA, Viar-Paxton MA, Riemann BC, Jacobi DM, Olatunji BO. Is disgust proneness sensitive to treatment for OCD among youth?: Examination of diagnostic specificity and symptom correlates. J Anxiety Disord 2016; 44:47-54. [PMID: 27744071 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Although disgust proneness has been implicated in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), there is a paucity of research examining change in disgust proneness during treatment as well as the correlates of such change, especially in children. This study examined the relationship between changes in disgust proneness and disorder-specific symptoms during residential treatment among youth with OCD, anxiety, and mood disorders. Youth ages 12-18 (n=472) completed pre- and post-outcome measures of OCD, anxiety, and mood symptoms and disgust proneness. Results indicate that although disgust proneness decreases during treatment for youth with OCD, anxiety, and mood disorders, youth with primary OCD experienced the greatest decrease in disgust proneness over the course of treatment. Reductions in disgust proneness during treatment were significantly correlated with reductions in multiple symptom measures, with the strongest correlations between reductions in disgust proneness and OCD symptoms. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Knowles
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | | | | | | | - Bunmi O Olatunji
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Rogers Memorial Hospital, Oconomowoc, WI, USA
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37
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Zhang X, Di X, Lei H, Yang J, Xiao J, Wang X, Yao S, Rao H. Imbalanced spontaneous brain activity in orbitofrontal-insular circuits in individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression. J Affect Disord 2016; 198:56-63. [PMID: 27011360 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2015] [Revised: 02/21/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The hopelessness theory of depression posits that individuals with negative cognitive styles are at risk of developing depression following negative life events. The purpose of this work was to examine whether individuals with cognitive vulnerability to depression (CVD) exhibit similar spontaneous brain activity patterns as compared to patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). METHODS Subjects with CVD (N=32), drug-naïve first-episode patients with major depressive disorder (N=32), and sex-, age- and education-matched healthy controls (HCs; N=35) were subjected to resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (RS-fMRI) and amplitudes of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was compared between the groups. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between regional ALFFs and psychometric scores, namely the Cognitive Style Questionnaire (CSQ) and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale scores. RESULTS Significant group differences in ALFF values were observed bilaterally in the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and insular cortex (IC), and in the left fusiform gyrus (FFG). Compared to HCs, CVD subjects had reduced ALFFs in the bilateral OFC and increased ALFF in the bilateral IC and the left FFG, which were similar to the differences observed between the HCs and MDD patients. Compared to MDD patients, CVD subjects showed significant reduced ALFF values in right IC. Additionally, CSQ scores for the CVD group correlated with ALFF values in the left IC. LIMITATIONS We did not conduct a longitudinal study. Our findings were limited in cross-sectional analysis. CONCLUSIONS A hypoactive OFC and hyperactive IC in a resting-state may underlie an imbalance in the spontaneous brain activity in orbitofrontal-insular circuits, and these differences may represent a trait-related marker of vulnerability to depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocui Zhang
- The Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xin Di
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Hui Lei
- College of Education, Hunan Agriculture University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Hainan Medical College, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition and Department of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- The Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuqiao Yao
- The Medical Psychological Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Hengyi Rao
- Laboratory of Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Shanghai International Studies University, Shanghai, China; Center for Functional Neuroimaging, Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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38
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Zwanzger P, Klahn AL, Arolt V, Ruland T, Zavorotnyy M, Sälzer J, Domschke K, Junghöfer M. Impact of electroconvulsive therapy on magnetoencephalographic correlates of dysfunctional emotional processing in major depression. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2016; 26:684-92. [PMID: 26922827 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In major depressive disorder (MDD), electrophysiological and imaging studies provide evidence for a reduced neural activity in parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal regions. In the present study, neural correlates and temporal dynamics of visual affective perception have been investigated in patients with unipolar depression in a pre/post treatment design using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Nineteen in-patients and 19 balanced healthy controls passed MEG measurement while passively viewing pleasant, unpleasant and neutral pictures. After a 4-week treatment with electroconvulsive therapy or 4-week waiting period without intervention respectively, 16 of these patients and their 16 corresponding controls participated in a second MEG measurement. Before treatment neural source estimations of magnetic fields evoked by the emotional scenes revealed a general bilateral parietal hypoactivation in depressed patients compared to controls predominately at early and mid-latency time intervals. Successful ECT treatment, as reflected by a decline in clinical scores (Hamilton Depression Scale; HAMD) led to a normalization of this distinct parietal hypoactivation. Effective treatment was also accompanied by relatively increased neural activation at right temporo-parietal regions. The present study indicates dysfunctional parietal information processing and attention processes towards emotional stimuli in MDD patients which can be returned to normal by ECT treatment. Since convergent neural hypoactivations and treatment effects have recently been shown in MDD patients before and after pharmacological therapy, this electrophysiological correlate might serve as a biomarker for objective treatment evaluation and thereby potentially advance treatment options and support the prediction of individual treatment responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Zwanzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany; kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Luisa Klahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Volker Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tillmann Ruland
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Germany
| | | | - Johannes Sälzer
- Institute for Biogmagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Germany
| | - Markus Junghöfer
- Institute for Biogmagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Münster, Germany; Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, D-48151 Münster, Germany.
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39
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Yao S, Becker B, Geng Y, Zhao Z, Xu X, Zhao W, Ren P, Kendrick KM. Voluntary control of anterior insula and its functional connections is feedback-independent and increases pain empathy. Neuroimage 2016; 130:230-240. [PMID: 26899786 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time functional magnetic resonance imaging (rtfMRI)-assisted neurofeedback (NF) training allows subjects to acquire volitional control over regional brain activity. Emerging evidence suggests its potential clinical utility as an effective non-invasive treatment approach in mental disorders. The therapeutic potential of rtfMRI-NF training depends critically upon whether: (1) acquired self-regulation produces functionally relevant changes at behavioral and brain network levels and (2) training effects can be maintained in the absence of feedback. To address these key questions, the present study combined rtfMRI-NF training for acquiring volitional anterior insula (AI) regulation with a sham-controlled between-subject design. The functional relevance of acquired AI control was assessed using both behavioral (pain empathy) and neural (activity, functional connectivity) indices. Maintenance of training effects in the absence of feedback was assessed two days later. During successful acquisition of volitional AI up-regulation subjects exhibited stronger empathic responses, increased AI-prefrontal coupling in circuits involved in learning and emotion regulation and increased resting state connectivity within AI-centered empathy networks. At follow-up both self-regulation and increased connectivity in empathy networks were fully maintained, although without further increases in empathy ratings. Overall these findings support the potential clinical application of rtfMRI-NF for inducing functionally relevant and lasting changes in emotional brain circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Yao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Benjamin Becker
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Medical Psychology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yayuan Geng
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Zhiying Zhao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Xiaolei Xu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Peng Ren
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China
| | - Keith M Kendrick
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, Center for Information in BioMedicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan 610054, China.
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Lee JH, Koh SQ, Guadagna S, Francis PT, Esiri MM, Chen CP, Wong PTH, Dawe GS, Lai MKP. Altered relaxin family receptors RXFP1 and RXFP3 in the neocortex of depressed Alzheimer's disease patients. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:591-8. [PMID: 26542729 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4131-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE The G-protein-coupled relaxin family receptors RXFP1 and RXFP3 are widely expressed in the cortex and are involved in stress responses and memory and emotional processing. However, the identification of these receptors in human cortex and their status in Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is characterized by both cognitive impairments and neuropsychiatric behaviours, have not been reported. OBJECTIVES In this study, we characterized RXFP receptors for immunoblotting and measured RXFP1 and RXFP3 immunoreactivities in the postmortem neocortex of AD patients longitudinally assessed for depressive symptoms. METHODS RXFP1 and RXFP3 antibodies were characterized by immunoblotting with lysates from transfected HEK cells and preadsorption with RXFP3 peptides. Also, postmortem neocortical tissues from behaviourally assessed AD and age-matched controls were processed for immunoblotting with RXFP1 and RXFP3 antibodies. RESULTS Compared to controls, putative RXFP1 immunoreactivity was reduced in parietal cortex of non-depressed AD patients but unchanged in depressed patients. Furthermore, putative RXFP3 immunoreactivity was increased only in depressed AD patients. RXFP1 levels in the parietal cortex also correlated with severity of depression symptoms. In contrast, RXFP1 and RXFP3 levels did not correlate with dementia severity or β-amyloid burden. CONCLUSION Alterations of RXFP1 and RXFP3 may be neurochemical markers of depression in AD, and relaxin family receptors warrant further preclinical investigations as possible therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric symptoms in dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasinda H Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Unit 09-01, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), 14 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117599, Singapore
| | - Shu Qing Koh
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Unit 09-01, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), 14 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117599, Singapore
| | - Simone Guadagna
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Paul T Francis
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Margaret M Esiri
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Christopher P Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Unit 09-01, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), 14 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117599, Singapore
| | - Peter T-H Wong
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Unit 09-01, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), 14 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117599, Singapore
| | - Gavin S Dawe
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Unit 09-01, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), 14 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117599, Singapore
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore
- Singapore Institute for Neurotechnology (SINAPSE), Kent Ridge, Singapore
| | - Mitchell K P Lai
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Unit 09-01, Centre for Translational Medicine (MD6), 14 Medical Drive, Kent Ridge, 117599, Singapore.
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London, London, UK.
- Neurobiology and Ageing Programme, Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Kent Ridge, Singapore.
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Macoveanu J, Miskowiak K, Kessing LV, Vinberg M, Siebner HR. Healthy co-twins of patients with affective disorders show reduced risk-related activation of the insula during a monetary gambling task. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2016; 41:38-47. [PMID: 26395812 PMCID: PMC4688027 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.140220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthy first-degree relatives of patients with affective disorders are at increased risk for affective disorders and express discrete structural and functional abnormalities in the brain reward system. However, value-based decision making is not well understood in these at-risk individuals. METHODS We investigated healthy monozygotic and dizygotic twins with or without a co-twin history of affective disorders (high-risk and low-risk groups, respectively) using functional MRI during a gambling task. We assessed group differences in activity related to gambling risk over the entire brain. RESULTS We included 30 monozygotic and 37 dizygotic twins in our analysis. Neural activity in the anterior insula and ventral striatum increased linearly with the amount of gambling risk in the entire cohort. Individual neuroticism scores were positively correlated with the neural response in the ventral striatum to increasing gambling risk and negatively correlated with individual risk-taking behaviour. Compared with low-risk twins, the high-risk twins showed a bilateral reduction of risk-related activity in the middle insula extending into the temporal cortex with increasing gambling risk. Post hoc analyses revealed that this effect was strongest in dizygotic twins. LIMITATIONS The relatively old average age of the mono- and dizygotic twin cohort (49.2 yr) may indicate an increased resilience to affective disorders. The size of the monozygotic high-risk group was relatively small (n = 13). CONCLUSION The reduced processing of risk magnitude in the middle insula may indicate a deficient integration of exteroceptive information related to risk-related cues with interoceptive states in individuals at familial risk for affective disorders. Impaired risk processing might contribute to increased vulnerability to affective disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Macoveanu
- Correspondence to: J. Macoveanu, Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaard Allé 30, DK-2650 Hvidovre, Denmark;
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Jaworska N, Yang XR, Knott V, MacQueen G. A review of fMRI studies during visual emotive processing in major depressive disorder. World J Biol Psychiatry 2015; 16:448-71. [PMID: 24635551 DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2014.885659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This review synthesized literature on brain activity, indexed by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), during visual affective information processing in major depressive disorder (MDD). Activation was examined in regions consistently implicated in emotive processing, including the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), prefrontal cortex (PFC), amygdala, thalamus/basal ganglia and hippocampus. We also reviewed the effects of antidepressant interventions on brain activity during emotive processing. METHODS Sixty-four fMRI studies investigating neural activity during visual emotive information processing in MDD were included. RESULTS Evidence indicates increased ventro-rostral ACC activity to emotive stimuli and perhaps decreased dorsal ACC activity in MDD. Findings are inconsistent for the PFC, though medial PFC hyperactivity tends to emerge to emotive information processing in the disorder. Depressed patients display increased amygdala activation to negative and arousing stimuli. MDD may also be associated with increased activity to negative, and decreased activity to positive, stimuli in basal ganglia/thalamic structures. Finally, there may be increased hippocampus activation during negative information processing. Typically, antidepressant interventions normalize these activation patterns. CONCLUSION In general, depressed patients have increased activation to emotive, especially negative, visual stimuli in regions involved in affective processing, with the exception of certain PFC regions; this pattern tends to normalize with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Jaworska
- a Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary , AB , Canada.,c Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Xiao-Ru Yang
- a Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,c Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute (ACHRI), University of Calgary , AB , Canada
| | - Verner Knott
- d University of Ottawa Institute of Mental Health Research (IMHR) , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Glenda MacQueen
- a Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Department of Psychiatry , University of Calgary , Calgary , AB , Canada.,b Hotchkiss Brain Institute (HBI), University of Calgary , AB , Canada
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Ai H, Opmeer EM, Veltman DJ, van der Wee NJA, van Buchem MA, Aleman A, van Tol MJ. Brain Activation During Emotional Memory Processing Associated with Subsequent Course of Depression. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:2454-63. [PMID: 25857684 PMCID: PMC4538361 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2015.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Revised: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by a heterogeneous course and identifying patients at risk for an unfavorable course is difficult. Neuroimaging studies may identify brain predictors of clinical course and may help to further unravel the neurobiological processes underlying an unfavorable course. We investigated whether brain activation during an emotional memory paradigm is associated with depressive course. To this end, we followed 74 MDD patients and 45 healthy controls (HCs) for 2 years. At baseline, participants performed an emotional word-encoding and -recognition task during functional magnetic resonance imaging. Activation patterns were compared between patients with fast remission (n=22), remission with recurrence (n=23), non-remission (n=29), and HCs. Additionally, linear relations of brain activation and time to remission during the follow-up period were investigated across patients. We observed that during encoding of negative words, non-remitters showed higher activation of the left insula than HCs. Groups also differed in activation of the right hippocampus and left amygdala during negative encoding, with a trend for higher activation in non-remitters compared with HCs. Furthermore, hippocampal activation during negative word encoding was significantly and positively correlated with time to remission, irrespective of illness severity. Our findings suggest that higher activation in the left insula could serve as a neural marker of a naturalistic non-remitting course, whereas higher hippocampal activation is associated with delayed remission. Longitudinal analyses should clarify whether abnormal activation progresses further as a function of time with depression or may serve as load-independent markers of MDD course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ai
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 2, Groningen 9713AW, The Netherlands, Tel: +31(0) 50 363 8792, Fax: +31(0)50 363 8875, E-mail:
| | - Esther M Opmeer
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mark A van Buchem
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Department of Psychology, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marie-José van Tol
- Department of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Center, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Rolls ET. Functions of the anterior insula in taste, autonomic, and related functions. Brain Cogn 2015; 110:4-19. [PMID: 26277487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2015.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The anterior insula contains the primary taste cortex, in which neurons in primates respond to different combinations providing a distributed representation of different prototypical tastes, oral texture including fat texture, and oral temperature. These taste neurons do not represent food reward value, in that feeding to satiety does not reduce their responses to zero, in contrast to the next stage of processing, the orbitofrontal cortex, where food reward value is represented. Corresponding results are found with fMRI in humans. A more ventral part of the anterior insula is implicated using fMRI in autonomic-visceral functions. 'Salient' stimuli, including rewarding, punishing, non-rewarding, and novel stimuli may activate this viscero-autonomic system, via inputs received from regions that represent these stimuli such as the orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortex. More posteriorly in the insula, there is an oral somatosensory region, and posterior to this somatosensory regions that respond to touch to the body. These taste and somatosensory representations in the insula provide representations that are about the external world (touch), are intermediate (oral taste and texture), and are about internal signals related to visceral and autonomic function. This functionality needs to be taken into account when considering activations of the insula found in cognitive tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edmund T Rolls
- Oxford Centre for Computational Neuroscience, Oxford, UK.
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Domschke K, Zwanzger P, Rehbein MA, Steinberg C, Knoke K, Dobel C, Klinkenberg I, Kugel H, Kersting A, Arolt V, Pantev C, Junghofer M. Magnetoencephalographic Correlates of Emotional Processing in Major Depression Before and After Pharmacological Treatment. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 19:pyv093. [PMID: 26259960 PMCID: PMC4772824 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyv093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In major depressive disorder (MDD), electrophysiological and imaging studies suggest reduced neural activity in the parietal and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex regions. In the present study, neural correlates of emotional processing in MDD were analyzed for the first time in a pre-/post-treatment design by means of magnetoencephalography (MEG), allowing for detecting temporal dynamics of brain activation. METHODS Twenty-five medication-free Caucasian in-patients with MDD and 25 matched controls underwent a baseline MEG session with passive viewing of pleasant, unpleasant, and neutral pictures. Fifteen patients were followed-up with a second MEG session after 4 weeks of antidepressant monopharmacotherapy with mirtazapine. The corresponding controls received no intervention between the measurements. The clinical course of depression was assessed using the Hamilton Depression scale. RESULTS Prior to treatment, an overall neocortical hypoactivation during emotional processing, particularly at the parietal regions and areas at the right temporoparietal junction, as well as abnormal valence-specific reactions at the right parietal and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) regions were observed in patients compared to controls. These effects occurred <150 ms, suggesting dysfunctional processing of emotional stimuli at a preconscious level. Successful antidepressant treatment resulted in a normalization of the hypoactivation at the right parietal and right temporoparietal regions. Accordingly, both dlPFC regions revealed an increase of activity after therapy. CONCLUSIONS The present study provides neurophysiological evidence for dysfunctional emotional processing in a fronto-parieto-temporal network, possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of MDD. These activation patterns might have the potential to serve as biomarkers of treatment success.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Junghofer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Muenster, Germany (Drs Domschke, Zwanzger, Knoke, and Arolt); Department of Psychiatry, University of Wuerzburg, Germany (Dr Domschke); Institute of Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, University of Muenster, Germany (Ms Rehbein and Klinkenberg, Drs Steinberg, Dobel, Pantev, and Junghofer); Department of Radiology, University of Muenster, Germany (Dr Kugel); Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany (Dr Kersting).
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Qin J, Wei M, Liu H, Chen J, Yan R, Yao Z, Lu Q. Altered anatomical patterns of depression in relation to antidepressant treatment: Evidence from a pattern recognition analysis on the topological organization of brain networks. J Affect Disord 2015; 180:129-37. [PMID: 25898333 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accumulated evidence has illuminated the topological infrastructure of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, the changes of topological properties of anatomical brain networks in remitted major depressive disorder patients (rMDD) remain an open question. The present study provides an exploratory examination of pattern changes among current major depressive disorder patients (cMDD), rMDD patients and healthy controls (HC) by means of a pattern recognition analysis. METHODS Twenty-eight cMDD patients (age range: 22-54, mean age: 39.57), 15 rMDD patients (age range: 23-53, mean age: 38.40) and 30 HC (23-54, mean age: 35.57) were enrolled. For each subject, we computed five kinds of weighted white matter (WM) networks via employing five physiological parameters (i.e. fractional anisotropy, mean diffusivity, λ1, λ2 and λ3) and then calculated three network measures of these weighted networks. We treated these measures as features and fed into a feature selection mechanism to choose the most discriminative features for linear support vector machine (SVM) classifiers. RESULTS Linear SVM could excellently distinguish the three groups with the 100% classification accuracy of recognizing cMDD/rMDD from HC, and 97.67% classification accuracy of recognizing cMDD from rMDD. The further pattern analysis found two types of discriminative patterns among cMDD, rMDD and HC. (i) Compared with HC, both cMDD and rMDD exhibited the similar deficit patterns of node strength primarily involving the salience network (SN), default mode network (DMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN). (ii) Compared with cMDD and rMDD showed the altered pattern of intra-communicability within DMN and inter-communicability between DMN and the other sub-networks including the visual recognition network (VRN) and SN. LIMITATIONS The present study had a limited sample size and a lack of larger independent data set to validate the methods and confirm the findings. CONCLUSIONS These findings implied that the impairment of MDD was closely associated with the alterations of connections within SN, DMN and FPN, whereas the remission of MDD was benefitted from the network compensatory of intra-communication within DMN and inter-communication between DMN and the other sub-networks (i.e., VRN and SN).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaolong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Si Pailou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Maobin Wei
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Si Pailou 2, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Haiyan Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Jianhuai Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Rui Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China
| | - Zhijian Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, No. 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing 210029, China; Nanjing Brain Hospital, Nanjing University Medical School, 22 Hankou Road, Nanjing 210093, China.
| | - Qing Lu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Research Centre for Learning Science, Southeast University, Si Pailou 2, Nanjing 210096, China; Suzhou Research Institute of Southeast University, 399 Linquan Street, Suzhou 215123, China.
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Guo W, Liu F, Xiao C, Zhang Z, Liu J, Yu M, Zhang J, Zhao J. Decreased insular connectivity in drug-naive major depressive disorder at rest. J Affect Disord 2015; 179:31-7. [PMID: 25845747 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2014] [Revised: 03/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insula has extensive links to the fronto-limbic circuit and associated regions, which is involved in the neurobiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). However, few studies are designed to examine the insular connectivity in MDD. This study was performed to examine the insular connectivity in drug-naive MDD directly by using the insular cortices as seeds. METHODS Functional magnetic resonance imaging data were obtained from 44 drug-naive MDD patients and 44 healthy controls at rest. The functional connectivity (FC) method was used to analyze the images. RESULTS Significantly decreased FCs were found between the right insula and the left middle frontal gyrus (MFG, orbital part), left superior temporal gyrus (STG), right putamen, and right middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and between the left insula and the left superior temporal pole and right MOG in the patients compared with the controls. There were significantly negative correlations between the z values of the left insula-left superior temporal pole connectivity and the current episode duration (r=-0.332, p=0.028), between the z values of the right insula-left STG connectivity and the episode number (r=-0.343, p=0.023), and between the z values of the right insula-left MFG (orbital part) connectivity and the Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire scores (r=-0.359, p=0.017) in the patients. CONCLUSIONS The findings reveal that depressed patients have decreased insular connectivity with the fronto-limbic circuit, hate circuit, and visual regions, and suggest that the insula may act as an integration center of emotional processing which is disrupted in the depressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Guo
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Changqing Xiao
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Miaoyu Yu
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Mental Health Center, the First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, Guangxi, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health of Hunan Province, Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
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Charlton RA, Leow A, GadElkarim J, Zhang A, Ajilore O, Yang S, Lamar M, Kumar A. Brain connectivity in late-life depression and aging revealed by network analysis. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:642-50. [PMID: 25154538 PMCID: PMC4327993 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To use novel methods to examine age associations across an integrated brain network in healthy older adults (HOA) and individuals with late-life depression (LLD). Graph theory metrics describe the organizational configuration of both the global network and specified brain regions. METHODS Cross-sectional data were acquired. Graph theory was used to explore diffusion tensor imaging-derived white matter networks. Forty-eight HOA and 28 adults with LLD were recruited from the community. Global and local metrics in prefrontal, cingulate, and temporal regions were calculated. Group differences and associations with age were explored. RESULTS Group differences were noted in local metrics of the right prefrontal and temporal regions, but no significant differences were observed on global metrics. Local (not global) metrics were associated with age differently across groups. For HOA, local metrics across all regions correlated with age, whereas in adults with LLD, correlations were only observed within temporal regions. In keeping with hypothesized regions impacted by LLD, stronger hubs in right temporal regions were observed among HOA, whereas LLD individuals were characterized by robust hubs in frontal regions. CONCLUSION We demonstrate widespread age-related changes in local network properties among HOA with different and more restricted local changes in LLD. Although a preliminary analysis, different patterns of correlations in local networks coupled with equivalent global metrics may reflect altered local structural brain networks in patients with LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Charlton
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London, London, United Kingdom.
| | - Alex Leow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Community Psychiatry Associates, Sacramento, CA
| | - Johnson GadElkarim
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Aifeng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Olusola Ajilore
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Shaolin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL; Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Melissa Lamar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Anand Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL
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Palmer SM, Crewther SG, Carey LM. A meta-analysis of changes in brain activity in clinical depression. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 8:1045. [PMID: 25642179 PMCID: PMC4294131 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.01045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Insights into neurobiological mechanisms of depression are increasingly being sought via brain imaging studies. Our aim was to quantitatively summarize overlap and divergence in regions of altered brain activation associated with depression under emotionally valenced compared to cognitively demanding task conditions, and with reference to intrinsic functional connectivity. We hypothesized differences reflective of task demands. A co-ordinate-based meta-analysis technique, activation likelihood estimation, was used to analyze relevant imaging literature. These studies compared brain activity in depressed adults relative to healthy controls during three conditions: (i) emotionally valenced (cognitively easy) tasks (n = 29); (ii) cognitively demanding tasks (n = 15); and (iii) resting conditions (n = 21). The meta-analyses identified five, eight, and seven significant clusters of altered brain activity under emotion, cognition, and resting conditions, respectively, in depressed individuals compared to healthy controls. Regions of overlap and divergence between pairs of the three separate meta-analyses were quantified. There were no significant regions of overlap between emotion and cognition meta-analyses, but several divergent clusters were found. Cognitively demanding conditions were associated with greater activation of right medial frontal and insula regions while bilateral amygdala was more significantly altered during emotion (cognitively undemanding) conditions; consistent with task demands. Overlap was present in left amygdala and right subcallosal cingulate between emotion and resting meta-analyses, with no significant divergence. Our meta-analyses highlight alteration of common brain regions, during cognitively undemanding emotional tasks and resting conditions but divergence of regions between emotional and cognitively demanding tasks. Regions altered reflect current biological and system-level models of depression and highlight the relationship with task condition and difficulty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Palmer
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheila G. Crewther
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- School of Psychological Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
| | - Leeanne M. Carey
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne Brain Centre, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
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Long Z, Duan X, Wang Y, Liu F, Zeng L, Zhao JP, Chen H. Disrupted structural connectivity network in treatment-naive depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 56:18-26. [PMID: 25092218 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroimaging studies suggest that treatment-naive depression (TD) is characterized by abnormal functional connectivity between specific brain regions. However, the question surrounding the structural basis of functional aberrations in TD patients still remains. METHODS In the present study, diffusion tensor imaging tractography was employed to construct structural connectivity networks in 22 early adult-onset, first-episode TD patients and 19 healthy controls (HC). Graph theory and network-based statistic (NBS) were then employed to investigate systematically the alteration of whole brain structural topological organization and structural connectivity in TD patients. RESULTS Graph theoretical analysis revealed that, compared with HC, TD patients exhibited altered structural topological measures, including decreased shortest path length, normalized clustering coefficient, normalized shortest path length, and small-worldness, as well as increased global and local efficiency. NBS results further revealed that TD patients showed two altered structural sub-networks. One sub-network mainly involved connections between the right orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) and the right insula, putamen, caudate, hippocampus, fusiform gyrus, inferior temporal gyrus and lingual gyrus. The other sub-network mainly included connections between the left OFC and the left gyrus rectus, insula, putamen, caudate, thalamus, pallidum and middle occipital gyrus. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that TD patients exhibit a disruption in the topological organization of structural brain networks. The altered orbitofrontal connectivity may particularly contribute to the manifestation of symptoms in TD patients. The abnormalities may facilitate understanding of the functional disturbances of mood and cognition in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiliang Long
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Xujun Duan
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Yifeng Wang
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Ling Zeng
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China
| | - Jing-Ping Zhao
- Mental Health Institute, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, PR China.
| | - Huafu Chen
- Key Laboratory for NeuroInformation of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, PR China.
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