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Zachos KA, Godin O, Choi J, Jung JH, Aouizerate B, Aubin V, Bellivier F, Belzeaux-R R, Courtet P, Dubertret C, Etain B, Haffen E, Lefrere A A, Llorca PM, Olié E, Polosan M, Samalin L, Schwan R, Roux P, Barau C, Richard JR, Tamouza R, Leboyer M, Andreazza AC. Diet quality and associations with lactate and metabolic syndrome in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2024; 364:167-177. [PMID: 39117002 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.05.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 05/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition is largely affected in bipolar disorder (BD), however, there is a lack of understanding on the relationship between dietary categories, BD, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome. The objective of this study is to examine dietary trends in BD and it is hypothesized that diets with increased consumption of seafood and high-fiber carbohydrates will be correlated to improved patient outcomes, and a lower frequency of metabolic syndrome. METHODS This retrospective cohort study includes two French cohorts. The primary cohort, FACE-BD, includes 268 stable BD patients. The second cohort, I-GIVE, includes healthy controls, both stable and acute BD and schizophrenia patients. Four dietary categories were assessed: meat, seafood, low-fiber and high-fiber carbohydrates. Dietary data from two food frequency questionnaires were normalized using min-max scaling and assessed using various statistical analyses. RESULTS In our primary cohort, the increased high-fiber carbohydrate consumption was correlated to lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome and improved mood. Low-fiber carbohydrate consumption is associated with higher BMI, while higher seafood consumption was correlated to improved mood and delayed age of onset. Results were not replicated in our secondary cohort. LIMITATIONS Our populations were small and two different dietary questionnaires were used; thus, results were used to examine similarities in trends. CONCLUSIONS Overall, various dietary trends were associated with metabolic syndrome, BMI, lactate, mood and age of onset. Improving our understanding of nutrition in BD can provide mechanistic insight, clinically relevant nutritional guidelines for precision medicine and ultimately improve the quality of lives for those with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kassandra A Zachos
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, Toronto, ON, Canada; FACE-BD Clinical Sites and Principal Collaborators in France, France
| | - Ophelia Godin
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University (UPEC); ECNP Immuno-NeuroPsychiatry Network, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Jaehyoung Choi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jae H Jung
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bruno Aouizerate
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier Charles Perrens, Pôle de Psychiatrie Générale et Universitaire, Laboratoire NutriNeuro (UMR INRAE 1286), Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Valérie Aubin
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Princesse Grace, Monaco
| | - Frank Bellivier
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France
| | - Raoul Belzeaux-R
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Univ. Montpellier & Department of Psychiatry, CHU de Montpellier, France
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Caroline Dubertret
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, DMU ESPRIT, Service de Psychiatrie et Addictologie, Hôpital Louis Mourier, Colombes, France; Université de Paris, Inserm UMR1266, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Faculté de Médecine, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Etain
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université Paris Cité, INSERM UMR-S1144, Optimisation Thérapeutique en Neuropsychopharmacologie OTeN, Paris, France; AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalo-Universitaire AP-HP Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Département de Psychiatrie et de Médecine Addictologique, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuel Haffen
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Université de Franche-Comté, UR 481 LINC, Service de Psychiatrie de l'Adulte, CIC-1431 INSERM, CHU de Besançon, F-2500, France
| | - Antoine Lefrere A
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Pôle de Psychiatrie, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France; INT-UMR7289, CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre-Michel Llorca
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal (UMR 6602), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Emilie Olié
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; IGF, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, INSERM, Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Acute Care, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Mircea Polosan
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Grenoble, France
| | - Ludovic Samalin
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Department of Psychiatry, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, University of Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal (UMR 6602), Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Raymund Schwan
- Université de Lorraine, Centre Psychothérapique de Nancy, Inserm U1254, Nancy, France
| | - Paul Roux
- Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France; Centre Hospitalier de Versailles, Service Universitaire de Psychiatrie d'Adulte et d'Addictologie, Le Chesnay, France; Université Paris-Saclay & Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-En-Yvelines, INSERM UMR1018 Centre de recherche en Épidémiologie et Santé des Populations, Equipe DevPsy-DisAP, Paris, France
| | - Caroline Barau
- Plateforme de Ressources Biologiques, HU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Jean Romain Richard
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University (UPEC); ECNP Immuno-NeuroPsychiatry Network, France
| | - Ryad Tamouza
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University (UPEC); ECNP Immuno-NeuroPsychiatry Network, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Marion Leboyer
- INSERM U955 IMRB, Translational Neuropsychiatry laboratory, AP-HP, Hôpital Henri Mondor, DMU IMPACT, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire de Médecine de Précision en Psychiatrie (FHU ADAPT), Paris Est Créteil University (UPEC); ECNP Immuno-NeuroPsychiatry Network, France; Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France
| | - Ana C Andreazza
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Mitochondrial Innovation Initiative, MITO2i, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Rao AS, Nair A, Nivetha K, Ayesha B, Hardi K, Divya V, Veena SM, Anantharaju KS, More SS. Impacts of Omega-3 Fatty Acids, Natural Elixirs for Neuronal Health, on Brain Development and Functions. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2761:209-229. [PMID: 38427239 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3662-6_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Omega-3 fatty acids play a seminal role in maintaining the structural and functional integrity of the nervous system. These specialized molecules function as precursors for many lipid-based biological messengers. Also, studies suggest the role of these fatty acids in regulating healthy sleep cycles, cognitive ability, brain development, etc. Dietary intake of essential poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are foundational to the optimal working of the nervous system. Besides regulating health, these biomolecules have great therapeutic value in treating several diseases, particularly nervous system diseases and disorders. Many recent studies conclusively demonstrated the beneficial effects of Omega-3 fatty acids in treating depression, neuropsychiatric disorders, neurodegenerative disorders, neurochemical disorders, and many other illnesses associated with the nervous system. This chapter summates the multifaceted role of poly unsaturated fatty acids, especially Omega-3 fatty acids (EPA and DHA), in the neuronal health and functioning. The importance of dietary intake of these essential fatty acids, their recommended dosages, bioavailability, the mechanism of their action, and therapeutic values are extensively discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana S Rao
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Ajay Nair
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - K Nivetha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Bibi Ayesha
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Kapadia Hardi
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - Vora Divya
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
| | - S M Veena
- Department of Biotechnology, Sapthagiri College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - K S Anantharaju
- Department of Chemistry, Dayananda Sagar College of Engineering, Bangalore, India
| | - Sunil S More
- School of Basic and Applied Sciences, Dayananda Sagar University, Bangalore, India
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Burghardt KJ, Kajy M, Ward KM, Burghardt PR. Metabolomics, Lipidomics, and Antipsychotics: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3295. [PMID: 38137517 PMCID: PMC10741000 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotics are an important pharmacotherapy option for the treatment of many mental illnesses. Unfortunately, selecting antipsychotics is often a trial-and-error process due to a lack of understanding as to which medications an individual patient will find most effective and best tolerated. Metabolomics, or the study of small molecules in a biosample, is an increasingly used omics platform that has the potential to identify biomarkers for medication efficacy and toxicity. This systematic review was conducted to identify metabolites and metabolomic pathways associated with antipsychotic use in humans. Ultimately, 42 studies were identified for inclusion in this review, with all but three studies being performed in blood sources such as plasma or serum. A total of 14 metabolite classes and 12 lipid classes were assessed across studies. Although the studies were highly heterogeneous in approach and mixed in their findings, increases in phosphatidylcholines, decreases in carboxylic acids, and decreases in acylcarnitines were most consistently noted as perturbed in patients exposed to antipsychotics. Furthermore, for the targeted metabolomic and lipidomic studies, seven metabolites and three lipid species had findings that were replicated. The most consistent finding for targeted studies was an identification of a decrease in aspartate with antipsychotic treatment. Studies varied in depth of detail provided for their study participants and in study design. For example, in some cases, there was a lack of detail on specific antipsychotics used or concomitant medications, and the depth of detail on sample handling and analysis varied widely. The conclusions here demonstrate that there is a large foundation of metabolomic work with antipsychotics that requires more complete reporting so that an objective synthesis such as a meta-analysis can take place. This will then allow for validation and clinical application of the most robust findings to move the field forward. Future studies should be carefully controlled to take advantage of the sensitivity of metabolomics while limiting potential confounders that may result from participant heterogeneity and varied analysis approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Burghardt
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Megan Kajy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University Detroit, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
| | - Kristen M. Ward
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Detroit, MI 48109, USA;
| | - Paul R. Burghardt
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Wayne State University Detroit, Detroit, MI 48201, USA;
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Hiller JK, Jangmo A, Tesli MS, Jaholkowski PP, Hoseth EZ, Steen NE, Haram M. Lipid Biomarker Research in Bipolar Disorder: A Scoping Review of Trends, Challenges, and Future Directions. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY GLOBAL OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 3:594-604. [PMID: 37881590 PMCID: PMC10593953 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a disabling disorder with heterogeneous symptom profiles and trajectories. Like many other neuropsychiatric disorders, clinical decision making related to diagnoses and choice of treatment is based on clinical assessments alone, and risk prediction for treatment success or resistance at an individual level remains sparse. An enormous effort to add biological markers to this risk prediction is ongoing. The role of lipids in normal brain functioning is well established, and several hypotheses about the role of lipids in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric disorders, including BD, have been made. The frequent comorbidity between neuropsychiatric disorders and cardiovascular disease, the genetic overlap of risk genes for severe mental disorders and genes involved in lipid regulation, and the lipid-altering effects of antipsychotics and mood stabilizers indicate that lipids could hold promise as biomarkers for neuropsychiatric disorders, including BD. To date, reviews of lipid biomarkers in schizophrenia and major depression have noted caveats for future investigations, while reviews of lipid biomarker research in BD is missing. In the current scoping review, we present a comprehensive overview of trends in previous research on lipid biomarkers in BD. The current literature varies greatly in the phenotypes investigated and study designs, leading to divergent findings. Small sample size; potential confounders related to physical activity, nutritional status, and medication use; and cross-sectional designs were frequently reported limitations. Future research may benefit from pivoting toward utilization of newer laboratory techniques such as lipidomics, but consistent use of study methods across cohorts is also needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Jangmo
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Steen Tesli
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Centre for Research and Education in Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Piotr Pawel Jaholkowski
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Eva Zsuzsanna Hoseth
- Clinic of Mental Health and Addiction, Møre and Romsdal Health Trust, Kristiansund, Norway
| | - Nils Eiel Steen
- Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marit Haram
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Han XX, Tian YG, Liu WJ, Zhao D, Liu XF, Hu YP, Feng SX, Li JS. Metabolomic profiling combined with network analysis of serum pharmacochemistry to reveal the therapeutic mechanism of Ardisiae Japonicae Herba against acute lung injury. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1131479. [PMID: 37554987 PMCID: PMC10405081 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1131479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and devastating respiratory disease associated with uncontrolled inflammatory response and transepithelial neutrophil migration. In recent years, a growing number of studies have found that Ardisiae Japonicae Herba (AJH) has a favorable anti-inflammatory effect. However, its serum material basis and molecular mechanism are still unknown in ALI treatment. In this study, metabolomics and network analysis of serum pharmacochemistry were used to explore the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of AJH against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI. Methods: A total of 12 rats for serum pharmacochemistry analysis were randomly divided into the LPS group and LPS + AJH-treated group (treated with AJH extract 20 g/kg/d), which were administered LPS (2 mg/kg) by intratracheal instillation and then continuously administered for 7 days. Moreover, 36 rats for metabolomic research were divided into control, LPS, LPS + AJH-treated (5, 10, and 20 g/kg/d), and LPS + dexamethasone (Dex) (2.3 × 10-4 g/kg/d) groups. After 1 h of the seventh administration, the LPS, LPS + AJH-treated, and LPS + Dex groups were administered LPS by intratracheal instillation to induce ALI. The serum pharmacochemistry profiling was performed by UPLC-Orbitrap Fusion MS to identify serum components, which further explore the molecular mechanism of AJH against ALI by network analysis. Meanwhile, metabolomics was used to select the potential biomarkers and related metabolic pathways and to analyze the therapeutic mechanism of AJH against ALI. Results: The results showed that 71 serum components and 18 related metabolites were identified in ALI rat serum. We found that 81 overlapping targets were frequently involved in AGE-RAGE, PI3K-AKT, and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in network analysis. The LPS + AJH-treated groups exerted protective effects against ALI by reducing the infiltration of inflammatory cells and achieved anti-inflammatory efficacy by significantly regulating the interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 levels. Metabolomics analysis shows that the therapeutic effect of AJH on ALI involves 43 potential biomarkers and 14 metabolic pathways, especially phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis and linoleic acid metabolism pathways, to be influenced, which implied the potential mechanism of AJH in ALI treatment. Discussion: Our study initially elucidated the material basis and effective mechanism of AJH against ALI, which provided a solid basis for AJH application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Han
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Ge Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wen-Jing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Di Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Xue-Fang Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Yan-Ping Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Su-Xiang Feng
- College of Pharmacy, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Jian-Sheng Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
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Miao ST, Lu QS, Zhou YJ, Chang YN, Xu T, Zhu MY. Oral administration of octacosanol modulates the gut bacteria and protects the intestinal barrier in ulcerative colitis mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14284. [PMID: 35746852 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Octacosanol (Oct), a kind of long-chain fatty alcohol extracted from rice bran was applied to study its effects on alleviating ulcerative colitis (UC). Oct was orally administered at 10 mg/kg (Oct-L) and 30 mg/kg (Oct-H) to dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced mice. Here, we reported that oral administration of 30 mg/kg Oct can significantly prevent the weight loss, colon shortening, and decrease the disease activity index (DAI) score. Oct-H supplementation modified the intestinal flora by lowering the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes (F/B) ratio, increasing the abundance of Prevotellaceae, S24-7, Turicibacter, and meanwhile decreasing Enterococcus and Stenotrophomonas. Based on the PICRUSt2 analysis, Oct-H may exert effects by anti-inflammation and xenobiotics degradation. Furthermore, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) levels were raised and the integrity of the gut barrier was protected. In conclusion, Oct-H can relieve clinical symptoms, modulate the gut bacteria and protect the intestinal barrier in UC mice, suggesting the potential of Oct as a food supplementation in alleviating UC. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a hard-to-cure disease, with increasing morbidity in recent years. Therefore, finding out a food supplement to alleviate UC is very meaningful. In this work, we showed that octacosanol significantly alleviated ulcerative colitis in mice. We revealed, for the first time, octacosanol's effects on protecting the integrity of the gut barrier, modulating the intestinal flora and its metabolism (SCFAs). Therefore, octacosanol was expected to prevent colitis in an all-round way. Our research might also lay the theoretical foundation for the further development of related functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Miao
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, College of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Shan Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, College of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, College of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ning Chang
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, College of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Xu
- Huzhou Shengtao Biotech LLC, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng-Yu Zhu
- The State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, College of Bioengineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Gabriel FC, Oliveira M, Martella BDM, Berk M, Brietzke E, Jacka FN, Lafer B. Nutrition and bipolar disorder: a systematic review. Nutr Neurosci 2022; 26:637-651. [PMID: 35608150 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2022.2077031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) have higher rates of unhealthy lifestyles and risk for medical comorbidities Research currently suggests that dietary factors may play a role in the development of depression and anxiety. Therefore, nutritional approaches are potential strategies for the treatment of BD. The aim of this review is to summarize the available evidence on nutrition and BD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The paper was developed based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines. The search was conducted in Sep-2021 using PubMed and Cochrane Library, augmented by manually checked references lists. The search found 986 studies, of which 47 were included, combined with 13 from reference lists, totaling 60 studies. RESULTS There were 33 observational trials, of which 15 focused on fatty acids, 9 on micronutrients, 5 on specific foods, 4 on macro and micronutrients. The 27 interventional studies mainly focused on fatty acids, micronutrients and N-acetylcysteine (NAC). DISCUSSION Dietary intake or supplementation of unsaturated fatty acids, mainly Omega-3 seems to be associated with improved BD symptoms, along with seafood, folic acid and zinc. Studies found variable, mainly non-significant impacts of creatine, carnitine, vitamin D, inositol or NAC supplementation on BD. There are promising results associated with Coenzyme Q10 (Coq10) and probiotics. Taken together, these preliminary findings suggest that dietetic approaches might be included as part of BD treatment. Also considering the high risk of metabolic disorders in individuals with BD, they should be encouraged to choose healthy dietary lifestyles, including daily intake of fruits, vegetables, seafood and whole grains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda C Gabriel
- Bipolar Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Manoela Oliveira
- Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Bruna De M Martella
- Bipolar Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Berk
- IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.,Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Centre for Youth Mental Health, Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health and the Department of Psychiatry, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, Canada.,Centre for Neuroscience Studies (CNS), Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Felice N Jacka
- The Food & Mood Centre, IMPACT (the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation), School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Beny Lafer
- Bipolar Research Program, Department and Institute of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, Brazil
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Saunders EFH, Mukherjee D, Myers T, Wasserman E, Hameed A, Krishnamurthy VB, MacIntosh B, Domenichiello A, Ramsden CE, Wang M. Adjunctive dietary intervention for bipolar disorder: a randomized, controlled, parallel-group, modified double-blinded trial of a high n-3 plus low n-6 diet. Bipolar Disord 2022; 24:171-184. [PMID: 34218509 PMCID: PMC9157563 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the preliminary efficacy of a high n-3 plus low n-6 (H3-L6) dietary intervention in improving mood stability in Bipolar Disorder (BD) when compared to dietary intervention with usual U.S. levels of n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) intakes (control diet, CD). METHODS This 2-arm, parallel-group, randomized, modified double-blind, controlled 48-week study of 12-week intensive diet intervention in subjects with BD was conducted at a single suburban-rural site in the mid-Atlantic region. Participants with DSM-IV TR BD I or II with hypomanic or depressive symptoms were randomized, stratified on gender (N = 82). The intervention included the provision of group-specific study foods and dietary counseling. Variability of mood symptoms was measured by a twice-daily, 12-week ecological momentary analysis (EMA) paradigm, and group differences were analyzed using multilevel models. Circulating n-3 and n-6 fatty acids were measured at baseline and after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of diet exposure. RESULTS All 82 randomized participants were included in biochemical analyses. Seventy participants completed at least 2 EMA surveys and were included in primary EMA analyses. Variability in mood, energy, irritability, and pain as measured using EMA was reduced in the H3-L6 group compared to the CD group. No significant differences in mean ratings of mood symptoms, or any other symptom measures, were detected. The dietary intervention effect on target PUFAs significantly differed by the group over time. CONCLUSIONS A dietary intervention adjunctive to usual care showed preliminary efficacy in improving variability in mood symptoms in participants with BD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02272010.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika F. H. Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Dahlia Mukherjee
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Tiffany Myers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Emily Wasserman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Ahmad Hameed
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Beth MacIntosh
- Metabolic and Nutrition Research Core, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Christopher E. Ramsden
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA,National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ming Wang
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
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9
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Susai SR, Sabherwal S, Mongan D, Föcking M, Cotter DR. Omega-3 fatty acid in ultra-high-risk psychosis: A systematic review based on functional outcome. Early Interv Psychiatry 2022; 16:3-16. [PMID: 33652502 DOI: 10.1111/eip.13133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM Among different types of poly unsaturated fatty acids, omega-3 fatty acids (FA) play a substantial role in brain development and functioning. This review was designed to evaluate and synthesize available evidence regarding omega-3 FAs and functional outcome in the ultra-high-risk (UHR) population. METHODS An electronic search in PubMed, EMBASE, PSYCINFO and COCHRANE search engines has been performed for all articles published until January 2019. The studies that have data regarding omega-3 FAs and functional outcome in UHR population were included. RESULTS Out of 397 nonduplicate citations, 19 articles met selection criteria. These articles were from four different primary studies, namely the Program of Rehabilitation and Therapy (PORT), the North American Prodromal Longitudinal Studies (NAPLS), Vienna High Risk study (VHR) and the NEURAPRO. The data from the NAPLS study found a positive correlation between functional improvement and frequency of dietary intake omega-3 FA. Moreover, among the erythrocyte omega-3 FA only eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) showed a positive correlation with functional score. The VHR study found long-term improvement in functional outcome in omega-3 group compared to control, whereas such difference was noticed in the NEURAPRO. In the VHR study both omega-3 and omega-6 together predicted the functional improvement at 12 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The number of studies available remains insufficient and more studies with standardized outcome measures in a clinically comparable UHR population would be of more value to understand the clinical benefits of omega-3 FA in the UHR population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subash Raj Susai
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sophie Sabherwal
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Mongan
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Melanie Föcking
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David R Cotter
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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10
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Miyata K, Horikami D, Tachibana Y, Yamamoto T, Nakamura T, Kobayashi K, Murata T. 15-hydroxy eicosadienoic acid is an exacerbating factor for nasal congestion in mice. FASEB J 2021; 36:e22085. [PMID: 34888952 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101305r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common allergic inflammatory diseases worldwide. In AR, increased blood flow and vascular permeability in nasal mucosa cause rhinorrhea and nasal congestion. We investigated the role of an 11Z,14Z-eicosadienoic acid-derived metabolite, 15-hydroxy-11Z,13Z-eicosadienoic acid (15-HEDE), in functional changes in vasculature and nasal congestion in AR. Repeated intranasal administration of Ovalbumin (OVA) caused AR symptoms, such as sneezing and nasal congestion, in mice. OVA administration increased the level of 15-HEDE in nasal lavage fluid, which reached approximately 0.6 ng/ml after ten OVA treatments. Upon measuring vascular contraction, treatment with 0.1-3 μM 15-HEDE did not cause contraction in mouse aortae, while it dilated aortae that were pre-contracted by thromboxane receptor stimulation. Pretreatment with the voltage-gated K+ (KV ) channel inhibitor 4-aminopyridine significantly inhibited the 15-HEDE-induced vascular relaxation. Intravital imaging showed that administration of 1 μg 15-HEDE dilated blood vessels, and Mile's assay demonstrated that this administration also caused dye leakage, indicating vascular hyperpermeability in mouse ears. Computed tomography scanning and morphological study revealed that administration of 3 μg 15-HEDE narrowed nasal passages and thickened nasal mucosa in mice. Finally, we confirmed that treating mice with 3 μg 15-HEDE caused rhinitis symptoms, such as abdominal breathing, and reduced respiratory frequency, suggesting nasal congestion. 15-HEDE caused vasodilation by activating KV channels and increased vascular permeability, which may lead to nasal congestion. Furthermore, 15-HEDE might be a new lipid mediator that exacerbates nasal congestion in AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Miyata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daiki Horikami
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuri Tachibana
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruko Yamamoto
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Nakamura
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Kobayashi
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murata
- Department of Animal Radiology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Sublette ME, Cheung S, Lieberman E, Hu S, Mann JJ, Uhlemann AC, Miller JM. Bipolar disorder and the gut microbiome: A systematic review. Bipolar Disord 2021; 23:544-564. [PMID: 33512753 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.13049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The microbiome is a rapidly advancing biomedical frontier with relevance for psychiatric illness. The gut microbiota interact with the central nervous system bidirectionally through the gut-brain axis and generate substances that may influence host metabolism, including short-chain fatty acids such as butyrate. Understanding gut microbiota in bipolar disorder (BD) may suggest new disease markers and treatment approaches. METHODS A PubMed search was performed on January 7, 2020 using terms "bipolar AND (microbiome OR microbiota)", for articles in English in which the study population included a distinct BD group and the gut microbiota/microbiome was assessed. RESULTS Thirteen articles met the inclusion criteria. In four of five studies that reported on group comparisons with respect to diversity, lower α-diversity was observed in BD relative to healthy controls (HC). The most convergent taxonomic finding was that in four studies, one particular clade distinguished gut microbiota between BD and HC: family Ruminococcaceae, genus Faecalibacterium, and species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Members of this clade, known for butyrate production, were reduced in BD relative to HC in three studies but elevated in a fourth. Additionally, genera Bacteroides or Bacteroides-Prevotella group species were elevated in BD in two studies but lower in a third. CONCLUSIONS Despite few studies and modest sample sizes, salient findings suggest that low α-diversity and dysbiosis with respect to abundance of Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides may characterize BD in both a trait and state-dependent fashion. Decreased richness and butyrate production also foster inflammation, which may be a hitherto unrecognized part of the pathophysiology underlying BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Elizabeth Sublette
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephanie Cheung
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Division of Consultation-Liaison Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Evan Lieberman
- Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaohua Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - J John Mann
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Radiology, Columbia University, NY, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Catrin Uhlemann
- Department of Medicine, Microbiome & Pathogen Genomics Core, Division of Infectious Diseases, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Molecular Imaging & Neuropathology, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Metabolomic analysis to detect urinary molecular changes associated with bipolar depression. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135515. [PMID: 33227370 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a debilitating mental disorder with complex clinical manifestations and low diagnostic accuracy. Depressive episodes are most common in the course of BD with high comorbidity and suicide rates, which present greater clinical challenges than mania and hypomania episodes. However, there are no objective biomarkers for bipolar depression. The aim of this study was to detect urinary metabolite biomarkers that could be useful for the diagnosis of bipolar depression. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to profile urine samples of patients with bipolar depression (n = 37) and healthy volunteers (n = 48). Data were analyzed using Orthogonal Partial Least Square Discriminant Analysis and t-test. Differential metabolites were identified (VIP > 1 and p < 0.05), and further analyzed using Metabo Analyst 3.0 to identify associated metabolic pathways. In total, we identified seven metabolites differentially expressed in patients with BD and healthy controls. Compared with healthy group, the levels of betaine, glycerol, hippuric acid, indole sulfate, trimethylamine oxide, and urea in urine samples of BD patients were significantly higher, while the level of inositol was significantly lower. Most of these small molecules are related to lipid metabolism and gut microbiota metabolism. These differential metabolites could provide critical insight into the pathological mechanisms of bipolar depression. The results of this study provide a meaningful reference for similar and further studies in the future.
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13
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Metabolomic profiles associated with a mouse model of antipsychotic-induced food intake and weight gain. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18581. [PMID: 33122657 PMCID: PMC7596057 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75624-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Antipsychotic drugs (AP) are used to treat a multitude of psychiatric conditions including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. However, APs also have metabolic side effects including increased food intake and body weight, but the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. We previously reported that minocycline (MINO) co-treatment abrogates olanzapine (OLZ)-induced hyperphagia and weight gain in mice. Using this model, we investigated the changes in the pharmacometabolome in the plasma and hypothalamus associated with OLZ-induced hyperphagia and weight gain. Female C57BL/6 mice were divided into groups and fed either i) control, CON (45% fat diet) ii) CON + MINO, iii) OLZ (45% fat diet with OLZ), iv) OLZ + MINO. We identified one hypothalamic metabolite indoxylsulfuric acid and 389 plasma metabolites (including 19 known metabolites) that were specifically associated with AP-induced hyperphagia and weight gain in mice. We found that plasma citrulline, tricosenoic acid, docosadienoic acid and palmitoleic acid were increased while serine, asparagine and arachidonic acid and its derivatives were decreased in response to OLZ. These changes were specifically blocked by co-treatment with MINO. These pharmacometabolomic profiles associated with AP-induced hyperphagia and weight gain provide candidate biomarkers and mechanistic insights related to the metabolic side effects of these widely used drugs.
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14
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Mansur RB, Lee Y, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. What is bipolar disorder? A disease model of dysregulated energy expenditure. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 113:529-545. [PMID: 32305381 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding and management of bipolar disorder (BD) have been slow to emerge. Despite notable recent developments in neurosciences, our conceptualization of the nature of this mental disorder has not meaningfully progressed. One of the key reasons for this scenario is the continuing lack of a comprehensive disease model. Within the increasing complexity of modern research methods, there is a clear need for an overarching theoretical framework, in which findings are assimilated and predictions are generated. In this review and hypothesis article, we propose such a framework, one in which dysregulated energy expenditure is a primary, sufficient cause for BD. Our proposed model is centered on the disruption of the molecular and cellular network regulating energy production and expenditure, as well its potential secondary adaptations and compensatory mechanisms. We also focus on the putative longitudinal progression of this pathological process, considering its most likely periods for onset, such as critical periods that challenges energy homeostasis (e.g. neurodevelopment, social isolation), and the resulting short and long-term phenotypical manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Yena Lee
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Kingston General Hospital, Providence Care Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Queen's University School of Medicine, Kingston, ON, Canada
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15
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16
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Wang T, Lin S, Liu R, Li H, Liu Z, Zhang X, Xu H, Li Q, Bi K. Metabolomic profile perturbations of serum, lung, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, spleen and feces in LPS-induced acute lung injury rats based on HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:1215-1234. [PMID: 31940090 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-019-02357-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a clinically common and serious disease, underscoring the urgent need for clarification of its pathogenesis. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theories on the "lung-spleen-intestine axis" and its correlation with ALI, a high-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS) metabolomic platform was applied to identify biomarkers from five bio-samples of control and model rats challenged with intratracheally administered lipopolysaccharide (LPS) based on multivariate mathematical statistical analysis. As a result, 19, 24, 24, 15 and 29 altered metabolites were identified in serum, lung, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), spleen and feces samples, respectively. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that linoleic acid, sphingolipid, glycerophospholipid and bile acid metabolism pathways were mainly altered by ALI. Additionally, ROC curves were applied to assess the specificity and sensitivity of the biomarkers. ALI characteristic metabolomic spectra were then established to differentiate the control from the model group with a similarity discriminative threshold of 0.7. Additionally, to compare the metabolomic profiles of the five bio-samples and establish metabolic similarities and differences among them, correlation analysis was conducted in order to delineate an objective law of endogenous linkage along the lung-spleen-intestine axis. Therefore, this study provides insights into the mechanisms involved in ALI from a metabolomics perspective, which can be applied in characterization of the mechanism and early disease detection. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyang Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Song Lin
- Basic Medical Science College, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ran Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Zihan Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinnong Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Materia Medica, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Huarong Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China
| | - Kaishun Bi
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, 103 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning, China.
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17
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Aruoma OI, Hausman-Cohen S, Pizano J, Schmidt MA, Minich DM, Joffe Y, Brandhorst S, Evans SJ, Brady DM. Personalized Nutrition: Translating the Science of NutriGenomics Into Practice: Proceedings From the 2018 American College of Nutrition Meeting. J Am Coll Nutr 2019; 38:287-301. [DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2019.1582980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Okezie I Aruoma
- California State University Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Southern California University of Health Sciences, Whittier, California, USA
| | | | - Jessica Pizano
- Nutritional Genomics Institute, SNPed, and OmicsDX, Chasterfield, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael A. Schmidt
- Advanced Pattern Analysis & Countermeasures Group, Boulder, Colorado, USA
- Sovaris Aerospace, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Deanna M. Minich
- University of Western States, Portland, Oregon, USA
- Institute for Functional Medicine, Federal Way, Washington, USA
| | - Yael Joffe
- 3X4 Genetics and Manuka Science, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | | | - David M. Brady
- University of Bridgeport, Bridgeport, Connecticut, USA
- Whole Body Medicine, Fairfield, Connecticut, USA
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18
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Teasdale SB, Ward PB, Samaras K, Firth J, Stubbs B, Tripodi E, Burrows TL. Dietary intake of people with severe mental illness: systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2019; 214:251-259. [PMID: 30784395 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.2019.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe mental illness (SMI) is thought to be associated with lower diet quality and adverse eating behaviours contributing towards physical health disparities. A rigorous review of the studies looking at dietary intake in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder is lacking.AimsTo conduct a systematic, comprehensive evaluation of the published research on dietary intake in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder. METHOD Six electronic databases were searched for studies reporting on dietary intakes in psychotic disorders and bipolar disorder. Dietary-assessment methods, and dietary intakes, were systematically reviewed. Where possible, data was pooled for meta-analysis and compared with healthy controls. RESULTS In total, 58 eligible studies were identified. People with SMI were found to have significantly higher dietary energy (mean difference 1332 kJ, 95% CI 487-2178 kJ/day, P = 0.002, g = 0.463) and sodium (mean difference 322 mg, 95% CI 174-490 mg, P < 0.001, g = 0.414) intake compared with controls. Qualitative synthesis suggested that higher energy and sodium intakes were associated with poorer diet quality and eating patterns. CONCLUSIONS These dietary components should be key targets for preventative interventions to improve weight and other physical health outcomes in people with SMI.Declaration of interestS.B.T. and E.T. have clinical dietitian appointments within the South Eastern Sydney Local Health District and do not receive any further funding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott B Teasdale
- Senior Mental Health Dietitian,Keeping the Body in Mind Program,South Eastern Sydney Local Health District; andSchool of Psychiatry,University of New South Wales,Australia
| | - Philip B Ward
- Professor of Psychiatry,School of Psychiatry,University of New South Wales;Schizophrenia Research Unit,South Western Sydney Local Health District; and Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research,Australia
| | - Katherine Samaras
- Senior Staff Specialist (Endocrinology),Department of Endocrinology,St Vincent's Hospital; Diabetes and Metabolism Division,Garvan Institute of Medical Research; andSt Vincent's Clinical School,University of New South Wales,Australia
| | - Joseph Firth
- Senior Research Fellow, NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Australia; andDivision of Psychology and Mental Health, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health,University of Manchester,UK
| | - Brendon Stubbs
- Head of Physiotherapy,Physiotherapy Department,South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust; andHealth Service and Population Research Department and Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience,King's College London,UK
| | - Elise Tripodi
- Mental Health Dietitian,Keeping the Body in Mind Program,South Eastern Sydney Local Health District,Australia
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- Associate Professor in Nutrition and Dietetics,School of Health Sciences and Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition,University of Newcastle,Australia
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19
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Wulsin LR, Blom TJ, Durling M, Welge JA, DelBello MP, Adler CM, McNamara RK, Strakowski SM. Cardiometabolic risks and omega-3 index in recent-onset bipolar I disorder. Bipolar Disord 2018; 20:658-665. [PMID: 29479787 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to characterize cardiometabolic risk factors in a cohort of bipolar disorder patients with limited exposure to psychotropic medications, and to evaluate their associations with mood symptoms and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) blood levels. METHODS Cardiometabolic risk assessments were compared in individuals with bipolar I disorder experiencing a first manic or mixed episode or an early depressive episode (n=117) and healthy subjects (n=56). Patients were medication free at assessment and had no or limited exposure to mood-stabilizer or antipsychotic medications prior to the current admission. Associations among cardiometabolic parameters and Clinical Global Impression-Severity scale (CGI-S), manic (Young Mania Rating Scale [YMRS]), and depressive (Hamilton Depression Rating Scale [HDRS]) symptom ratings were evaluated within the bipolar group. RESULTS Following adjustment for demographic variables (i.e., age, gender, and parental education), significantly higher fasting triglyceride levels were observed in the bipolar group compared to the healthy group (121.7 mg/dL vs 87.0 mg/dL; P<.01). There were no clear trends for other metabolic indicators, including blood pressure, body mass index, and fasting glucose. Nineteen percent of the bipolar group and 6% of the healthy group met the criteria for metabolic syndrome (P=.23). The omega-3 index was lower in the bipolar group (3.4% vs 3.9%; P<.01). Within the bipolar group, no associations were found between the cardiometabolic parameters and CGI-S, YMRS, and HDRS symptom ratings. CONCLUSIONS Recent-onset medication-free bipolar disorder is associated with higher triglyceride levels. These findings are suggestive of early metabolic dysregulation prior to long-term psychotropic medication exposure. Lower omega-3 PUFA levels in individuals with bipolar I disorder represent a potential therapeutic target for additional investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawson R Wulsin
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Blom
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michelle Durling
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Caleb M Adler
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Robert K McNamara
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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20
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Riveros ME, Retamal MA. Are Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Implicated in Histaminergic Dysregulation in Bipolar Disorder?: AN HYPOTHESIS. Front Physiol 2018; 9:693. [PMID: 29946266 PMCID: PMC6005883 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is an extremely disabling psychiatric disease, characterized by alternate states of mania (or hypomania) and depression with euthymic states in between. Currently, patients receive pharmacological treatment with mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, and antidepressants. Unfortunately, not all patients respond well to this type of treatment. Bipolar patients are also more prone to heart and metabolic diseases as well as a higher risk of suicide compared to the healthy population. For a correct brain function is indispensable a right protein and lipids (e.g., fatty acids) balance. In particular, the amount of fatty acids in the brain corresponds to a 50–70% of the dry weight. It has been reported that in specific brain regions of BD patients there is a reduction in the content of unsaturated n-3 fatty acids. Accordingly, a diet rich in n-3 fatty acids has beneficial effects in BD patients, while their absence or high levels of saturated fatty acids in the diet are correlated to the risk of developing the disease. On the other hand, the histamine system is likely to be involved in the pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases such as BD. Histamine is a neuromodulator involved in arousal, motivation, and energy balance; drugs acting on the histamine receptor H3 have shown potential as antidepressants and antipsychotics. The histaminergic system as other neurotransmission systems can be altered by fatty acid membrane composition. The purpose of this review is to explore how polyunsaturated fatty acids content alterations are related to the histaminergic system modulation and their impact in BD pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- María E Riveros
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Center of Applied Ecology and Sustainability, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mauricio A Retamal
- Centro de Fisiología Celular e Integrativa, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile.,Department of Cell Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Center for Membrane Protein Research, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, United States
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McInnis MG, Assari S, Kamali M, Ryan K, Langenecker SA, Saunders EFH, Versha K, Evans S, O’Shea KS, Mower Provost E, Marshall D, Forger D, Deldin P, Zoellner S. Cohort Profile: The Heinz C. Prechter Longitudinal Study of Bipolar Disorder. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 47:28-28n. [PMID: 29211851 PMCID: PMC5837550 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyx229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Melvin G McInnis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Masoud Kamali
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kelly Ryan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Erika FH Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State Hershey Medical Group, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Kritika Versha
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Simon Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - K Sue O’Shea
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology
| | | | - David Marshall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Sebastian Zoellner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Ghosh S, Dyer RA, Beasley CL. Evidence for altered cell membrane lipid composition in postmortem prefrontal white matter in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 95:135-142. [PMID: 28843843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain imaging suggests that white matter abnormalities, including compromised white matter integrity in the frontal lobe, are shared across bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the precise molecular and cellular correlates remain to be elucidated. Given evidence for widespread alterations in cell membrane lipid composition in both disorders, we sought to investigate whether lipid composition is disturbed in frontal white matter in SCZ and BD. The phospholipids phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) were quantified in white matter adjacent to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in subjects with BD (n = 34), SCZ (n = 35), and non-psychiatric controls (n = 35) using high-pressure liquid chromatography. Individual fatty acid species and plasmalogens were then quantified separately in PE and PC fractions by gas liquid chromatography. PC was significantly lower in the BD group, compared to controls. The fatty acids PE22:0, PE24:1 and PE20:2n6 were higher, and PC20:4n6, PE22:5n6 and PC22:5n6 lower in the BD group, relative to the control group. PE22:1 was higher and PC20:3n6, PE22:5n6 and PC22:5n6 lower in the SCZ group, compared to the control group. These data provide evidence for altered lipid composition in white matter in both BD and SCZ. Changes in white matter lipid composition could ultimately contribute to dysfunction of frontal white matter circuits in SCZ and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoy Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Irving K. Barber School of Arts & Sciences, University of British Columbia-Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roger A Dyer
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Program, BC Children's Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Clare L Beasley
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Valnoctamide, which reduces rat brain arachidonic acid turnover, is a potential non-teratogenic valproate substitute to treat bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res 2017; 254:279-283. [PMID: 28500975 PMCID: PMC5524208 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/22/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valproic acid (VPA), used for treating bipolar disorder (BD), is teratogenic by inhibiting histone deacetylase. In unanaesthetized rats, chronic VPA, like other mood stabilizers, reduces arachidonic acid (AA) turnover in brain phospholipids, and inhibits AA activation to AA-CoA by recombinant acyl-CoA synthetase-4 (Acsl-4) in vitro. Valnoctamide (VCD), a non-teratogenic constitutional isomer of VPA amide, reported effective in BD, also inhibits recombinant Acsl-4 in vitro. HYPOTHESIS VCD like VPA will reduce brain AA turnover in unanaesthetized rats. METHODS A therapeutically relevant (50mg/kg i.p.) dose of VCD or vehicle was administered daily for 30 days to male rats. AA turnover and related parameters were determined using our kinetic model, following intravenous [1-14C]AA in unanaesthetized rats for 10min, and measuring labeled and unlabeled lipids in plasma and high-energy microwaved brain. RESULTS VCD, compared with vehicle, increased λ, the ratio of brain AA-CoA to unesterified plasma AA specific activities; and decreased turnover of AA in individual and total brain phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS VCD's ability like VPA to reduce rat brain AA turnover and inhibit recombinant Acsl-4, and its efficacy in BD, suggest that VCD be further considered as a non-teratogenic VPA substitute for treating BD.
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24
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Lipids in psychiatric disorders and preventive medicine. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 76:336-362. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Evans SJ, Bassis CM, Hein R, Assari S, Flowers SA, Kelly MB, Young VB, Ellingrod VE, McInnis MG. The gut microbiome composition associates with bipolar disorder and illness severity. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 87:23-29. [PMID: 27988330 PMCID: PMC5336480 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 187] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiome is emerging as an important factor in regulating mental health yet it remains unclear what the target should be for psychiatric treatment. We aimed to elucidate the complement of the gut-microbiome community for individuals with bipolar disorder relative to controls; and test for relationships with burden of disease measures. We compared the stool microbiome from individuals with bipolar disorder (n = 115) and control subjects (n = 64) using 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequence analysis. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed global community case-control differences (AMOVA p = 0.047). Operational Taxonomical Unit (OTU) level analysis revealed significantly decreased fractional representation (p < 0.001) of Faecalibacterium after adjustment for age, sex, BMI and false discovery rate (FDR) correction at the p < 0.05 level. Within individuals with bipolar disorder, the fractional representation of Faecalibacterium associated with better self-reported health outcomes based on the Short Form Health Survey (SF12); the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9); the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD7); and the Altman Mania Rating Scale (ASRM), independent of covariates. This study provides the first detailed analysis of the gut microbiome relationships with multiple psychiatric domains from a bipolar population. The data support the hypothesis that targeting the microbiome may be an effective treatment paradigm for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon J. Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Christine M. Bassis
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Robert Hein
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | | | - Marisa B. Kelly
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Vince B. Young
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI,Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases Division, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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26
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Chang YW, Assari S, Prossin AR, Stertz L, McInnis MG, Evans SJ. Bipolar disorder moderates associations between linoleic acid and markers of inflammation. J Psychiatr Res 2017; 85:29-36. [PMID: 27821270 PMCID: PMC5191991 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and inflammatory proteins associate with immune activation and have been implicated in the pathophysiology of mood disorders. We have previously reported that individuals with bipolar disorder (BPD) have decreased PUFA intake, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and arachidonic acid (AA); and decreased PUFA concentration of plasma EPA and linoleic acid (LA). We have also reported an association between plasma LA and its metabolites and burden of disease measures in BPD. In the current cross-sectional study we collected blood samples and diet records from both bipolar (n = 91) and control subjects (n = 75) to quantify plasma cytokine concentrations and dietary LA intake, respectively. Using multiple linear regression techniques, we tested for case control differences in plasma cytokine levels and associations between cytokines and dietary LA intake, adjusting for sex, age, BMI, and total energy intake. We found significantly higher plasma levels of interleukin 18 (IL-18) (p = 0.036), IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) (p = 0.001), soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor (sTNFR) 1 (p = 0.006), and sTNFR2 (p = 0.007) in BPD compared with controls. Moreover, BPD significantly moderated the associations of dietary LA intake with plasma levels of IL-18, sTNFR1 and sTNFR2, which were inverse associations in bipolar individuals and positive associations in controls (p for dietary LA x BPD diagnosis interaction < 0.05 for all three). These findings suggest potential dysregulation of LA metabolism in BPD, which may extend to a modified influence of dietary LA on specific inflammatory pathways in individuals with BPD compared to healthy controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Wen Chang
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Shervin Assari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alan R. Prossin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | - Laura Stertz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Simon J. Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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27
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Polyunsaturated fatty acids and recurrent mood disorders: Phenomenology, mechanisms, and clinical application. Prog Lipid Res 2017; 66:1-13. [PMID: 28069365 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2017.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/05/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A body of evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology and etiology of recurrent mood disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder. Cross-national and cross-sectional evidence suggests that greater habitual intake of n-3 PUFA is associated with reduced risk for developing mood symptoms. Meta-analyses provide strong evidence that patients with mood disorders exhibit low blood n-3 PUFA levels which are associated with increased risk for the initial development of mood symptoms in response to inflammation. While the etiology of this n-3 PUFA deficit may be multifactorial, n-3 PUFA supplementation is sufficient to correct this deficit and may also have antidepressant effects. Rodent studies suggest that n-3 PUFA deficiency during perinatal development can recapitulate key neuropathological, neurochemical, and behavioral features associated with mood disorders. Clinical neuroimaging studies suggest that low n-3 PUFA biostatus is associated with abnormalities in cortical structure and function also observed in mood disorders. Collectively, these findings implicate dietary n-3 PUFA insufficiency, particularly during development, in the pathophysiology of mood dysregulation, and support implementation of routine screening for and treatment of n-3 PUFA deficiency in patients with mood disorders.
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28
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Kobayashi M, Ogawa K, Morisaki N, Tani Y, Horikawa R, Fujiwara T. Dietary n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Late Pregnancy and Postpartum Depressive Symptom among Japanese Women. Front Psychiatry 2017; 8:241. [PMID: 29218019 PMCID: PMC5703735 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2017.00241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) in preventive or therapeutic modalities for postpartum depression, especially long-chain types such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and a docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), is of considerable interest. High n-3PUFA consumption has been reported among pregnant Japanese women. Therefore, analysis of this group could provide important insights into the relationship between postpartum depression and dietary n-3PUFA consumption. To further examine the relationship between the risk of postpartum depression and n-3PUFA consumption, we conducted a prospective hospital-based birth cohort study in Japan. DESIGN AND METHODS Our prospective birth cohort study was performed at the National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD) in suburban Tokyo, Japan. Dietary n-3PUFA intake during late pregnancy was assessed by a semi-quantitative food questionnaire and participants were categorized by quintile distributions of n-3PUFA intake. A Japanese translation of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale was used to screen women for postpartum depression at 1 month after delivery (967 women) and at 6 months after delivery (710 women). We performed logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between the risk of postpartum depression and n-3PUFA consumption after adjusting for confounding factors. RESULTS Significant associations between EPA, DHA, and n-3PUFA intakes in late pregnancy and postpartum depression at both 1 and 6 months after delivery were not observed. CONCLUSION This prospective study indicated that EPA, DHA, and n-3PUFA intake during late pregnancy was not associated with the risk of postpartum depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minatsu Kobayashi
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Home Economics, Otsuma Women's University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Ogawa
- Center for Maternal-Fetal, Neonatal and Reproductive Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukako Tani
- Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeo Fujiwara
- Department of Social Medicine, National Research Institute for Child Health and Development, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Global Health Promotion, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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McNamara RK, Moser AB, Jones RI, Jandacek R, Patino LR, Strawn JR, Strakowski SM, DelBello MP. Familial risk for bipolar disorder is not associated with impaired peroxisomal function: Dissociation from docosahexaenoic acid deficits. Psychiatry Res 2016; 246:803-807. [PMID: 27825781 PMCID: PMC5161539 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.10.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar I disorder is associated with deficits in the long-chain omega-3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). The final biosynthesis of DHA is mediated by peroxisomes, and some heritable peroxisomal disorders are associated with DHA deficits and progressive psychopathology. The present cross-sectional study investigated whether medication-free asymptomatic and symptomatic youth with familial risk for bipolar I disorder exhibit impaired peroxisomal function using a comprehensive diagnostic blood panel. Measures of peroxisomal impairment included plasma concentrations of very long-chain fatty acids (VLCFA), branched-chain fatty acids, bile acid intermediates, and pipecolic acid, and erythrocyte plasmalogen and DHA levels. Compared with healthy subjects, significant erythrocyte DHA deficits were observed in ultra-high risk and first-episode bipolar groups, and there was a trend for lower DHA in the high-risk group. There were no significant group differences for any other measure of peroxisomal function, and erythrocyte DHA levels were not correlated with any measure of peroxisome function. These results indicate that familial risk for bipolar I disorder is not associated with impaired peroxisomal function, and that DHA deficits associated with familial bipolar disorder are not attributed to heritable defects in peroxisomal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K. McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA,Corresponding author. (R.K. McNamara)
| | - Ann B. Moser
- Peroxisomal Diseases Laboratory, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard I. Jones
- Peroxisomal Diseases Laboratory, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ronald Jandacek
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - L. Rodrigo Patino
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey R. Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Stephen M. Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Melissa P. DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Aizawa F, Nishinaka T, Yamashita T, Nakamoto K, Kurihara T, Hirasawa A, Kasuya F, Miyata A, Tokuyama S. GPR40/FFAR1 deficient mice increase noradrenaline levels in the brain and exhibit abnormal behavior. J Pharmacol Sci 2016; 132:249-254. [PMID: 27979701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphs.2016.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The free fatty acid receptor 1 (GPR40/FFAR1) is a G protein-coupled receptor, which is activated by long chain fatty acids. We have previously demonstrated that activation of brain GPR40/FFAR1 exerts an antinociceptive effect that is mediated by the modulation of the descending pain control system. However, it is unclear whether brain GPR40/FFAR1 contributes to emotional function. In this study, we investigated the involvement of GPR40/FFAR1 in emotional behavior using GPR40/FFAR1 deficient (knockout, KO) mice. The emotional behavior in wild and KO male mice was evaluated at 9-10 weeks of age by the elevated plus-maze test, open field test, social interaction test, and sucrose preference test. Brain monoamines levels were measured using LC-MS/MS. The elevated plus-maze test and open field tests revealed that the KO mice reduced anxiety-like behavior. There were no differences in locomotor activity or social behavior between the wild and KO mice. In the sucrose preference test, the KO mice showed reduction in sucrose preference and intake. The level of noradrenaline was higher in the hippocampus, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus and midbrain of KO mice. Therefore, these results suggest that brain GPR40/FFAR1 is associated with anxiety- and depression-related behavior regulated by the increment of noradrenaline in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuka Aizawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takashi Nishinaka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takuya Yamashita
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Kazuo Nakamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurihara
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Akira Hirasawa
- Department of Pharmacogenomics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida-Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Kasuya
- Biochemical Toxicology Laboratory, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan
| | - Atsuro Miyata
- Department of Pharmacology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan
| | - Shogo Tokuyama
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kobe Gakuin University, 1-1-3 Minatojima, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-8586, Japan.
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Burghardt KJ, Goodrich JM, Dolinoy DC, Ellingrod VL. Gene-specific DNA methylation may mediate atypical antipsychotic-induced insulin resistance. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:423-32. [PMID: 27542345 PMCID: PMC5322870 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Atypical antipsychotics (AAPs) carry a significant risk of cardiometabolic side effects, including insulin resistance. It is thought that the insulin resistance resulting from the use of AAPs may be associated with changes in DNA methylation. We aimed to identify and validate a candidate gene associated with AAP-induced insulin resistance by using a multi-step approach that included an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) and validation with site-specific methylation and metabolomics data. METHODS Subjects with bipolar disorder treated with AAPs or lithium monotherapy were recruited for a cross-sectional visit to analyze peripheral blood DNA methylation and insulin resistance. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was analyzed in a discovery sample (n = 48) using the Illumina 450K BeadChip. Validation analyses of the epigenome-wide findings occurred in a separate sample (n = 72) using site-specific methylation with pyrosequencing and untargeted metabolomics data. Regression analyses were conducted controlling for known confounders in all analyses and a mediation analysis was performed to investigate if AAP-induced insulin resistance occurs through changes in DNA methylation. RESULTS A differentially methylated probe associated with insulin resistance was discovered and validated in the fatty acyl CoA reductase 2 (FAR2) gene of chromosome 12. Functional associations of this DNA methylation site with untargeted phospholipid-related metabolites were also detected. Our results identified a mediating effect of this FAR2 methylation site on AAP-induced insulin resistance. CONCLUSIONS Going forward, prospective, longitudinal studies assessing comprehensive changes in FAR2 DNA methylation, expression, and lipid metabolism before and after AAP treatment are required to assess its potential role in the development of insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J. Burghardt
- Wayne State University Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Department of Pharmacy Practice. 259 Mack Avenue, Suite 2190. Detroit Michigan 48201. USA
| | - Jacyln M. Goodrich
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences; 6638 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. USA
| | - Dana C. Dolinoy
- University of Michigan School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Sciences; 6638 SPH Tower, 1415 Washington Heights Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. USA
| | - Vicki L. Ellingrod
- University of Michigan, College of Pharmacy, Department of Clinical Social and Administrative Sciences. 428 Church Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109. USA
- University of Michigan, School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. 1301 Catherine Ann Arbor, MI 48109. USA
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Mansur RB, Santos CM, Rizzo LB, Cunha GR, Asevedo E, Noto MN, Pedrini M, Zeni M, Cordeiro Q, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. Inter-relation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor and antioxidant enzymes in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:433-9. [PMID: 27488494 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Accumulating evidence indicates that oxidative stress and neurotrophins have a bidirectional relationship. In this post hoc, exploratory analysis, we investigated the association between plasma brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) and healthy controls. METHODS We measured plasma levels of BDNF and activities of GPx and SOD in individuals with BD (n=59) and healthy controls (n=26). Information related to current and past psychiatric/medical history, as well as to metabolic comorbidities, was also reported. RESULTS There were negative correlations between BDNF, GPx (r=-.449, P≤.001) and GPx/SOD ratio (r=-.503, P<.001), and a positive correlation between BDNF and SOD (r=.254, P=.020). There was a moderating effect of body mass index (BMI) on the association between BDNF and GPx/SOD rate ratio [(RR)=1.002, P=.034]; interactions between impaired glucose metabolism (IGM), GPx (RR=1.016, P=.033), and GPx/SOD ratio (RR=1.026, P=.002) were also observed. These results were significant in models that included age, gender, alcohol, tobacco and medication use. CONCLUSIONS There was a robust and independent correlation between peripheral BDNF and antioxidant enzyme activities in individuals with BD, which was moderated by metabolic comorbidities. These results reinforce the concept that these systems are associated and further extend knowledge of the putative effect of metabolic comorbidities in the pathophysiological substrates of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Camila M Santos
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Graccielle R Cunha
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane N Noto
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil.,Vila Maria Outpatient Clinic, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrini
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Research Group in Behavioral Neuroscience of Bipolar Disorder (GP-TB), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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McNamara RK, Jandacek R, Tso P, Blom TJ, Welge JA, Strawn JR, Adler CM, Strakowski SM, DelBello MP. Adolescents with or at ultra-high risk for bipolar disorder exhibit erythrocyte docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid deficits: a candidate prodromal risk biomarker. Early Interv Psychiatry 2016; 10:203-11. [PMID: 26486098 PMCID: PMC4818707 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIM Mood disorders are associated with low levels of the long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). This study investigated LCn-3 fatty acid biostatus in youth with or at varying risk for developing mania to assess its utility as a prodromal risk biomarker. METHOD Erythrocyte fatty acid composition was determined in healthy adolescents (n = 28, HC), asymptomatic adolescents with a biological parent with bipolar I disorder (n = 30; 'high risk', HR), adolescents with a biological parent with bipolar I disorder and major depressive disorder, or depressive disorder not otherwise specified (n = 36; 'ultra-high risk', UHR), and first-episode adolescent bipolar manic patients (n = 35, BP). RESULTS Group differences were observed for DHA (P ≤ 0.0001) and EPA (P = 0.03). Compared with HC, erythrocyte EPA + DHA ('omega-3 index') was significantly lower in BP (-24%, P ≤ 0.0001) and UHR (-19%, P = 0.0006) groups, and there was a trend in the HR group (-11%, P = 0.06). Compared with HC (61%), a greater percentage of HR (77%, P = 0.02), UHR (80%, P = 0.005) and BP (97%, P = 0.001) subjects exhibited EPA + DHA levels of ≤4.0%. Among all subjects (n = 130), EPA + DHA was inversely correlated with manic (r = -0.29, P = 0.0008) and depressive (r = -0.28, P = 0.003) symptom severity. The AA/EPA + DHA ratio was significantly greater in BP (+22%, P = 0.0002) and UHR (+16%, P = 0.001) groups. CONCLUSIONS Low EPA + DHA levels coincide with the initial onset of mania, and increasing risk for developing bipolar disorder is associated with graded erythrocyte EPA + DHA deficits. Low erythrocyte EPA + DHA biostatus may represent a promising prodromal risk biomarker warranting additional evaluation in future prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Ronald Jandacek
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Patrick Tso
- Department of Pathology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Thomas J Blom
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Strawn
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Caleb M Adler
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Stephen M Strakowski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Melissa P DelBello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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McNamara RK. Role of Omega-3 Fatty Acids in the Etiology, Treatment, and Prevention of Depression: Current Status and Future Directions. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION & INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 2016; 5:96-106. [PMID: 27766299 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnim.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past three decades a body of translational evidence has implicated dietary deficiency in long-chain omega-3 (LCn-3) fatty acids, including eicosapenaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), in the pathophysiology and etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD). Cross-national and cross-sectional data suggest that greater habitual intake of preformed EPA+DHA is associated with reduced risk for developing depressive symptoms and syndromal MDD. Erythrocyte EPA and DHA composition is highly correlated with habitual fish or fish oil intake, and case-control studies have consistently observed lower erythrocyte EPA and/or DHA levels in patients with MDD. Low erythrocyte EPA+DHA composition may also be associated with increased risk for suicide and cardiovascular disease, two primary causes of excess premature mortality in MDD. While controversial, dietary EPA+DHA supplementation may have antidepressant properties and may augment the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressant medications. Neuroimaging and rodent neurodevelopmental studies further suggest that low LCn-3 fatty acid intake or biostatus can recapitulate central pathophysiological features associated with MDD. Prospective findings suggest that low LCn-3 fatty acid biostatus increases risk for depressive symptoms in part by augmenting pro-inflammatory responsivity. When taken collectively, these translational findings provide a strong empirical foundation in support of dietary LCn-3 fatty acid deficiency as a modifiable risk factor for MDD. This review provides an overview of this translational evidence and then discusses future directions including strategies to translate this evidence into routine clinical screening and treatment algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219-0516
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35
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McNamara RK, Welge JA. Meta-analysis of erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acid biostatus in bipolar disorder. Bipolar Disord 2016; 18:300-6. [PMID: 27087497 PMCID: PMC4882238 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dietary deficiency in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3), and excesses in omega-6 fatty acids, including linoleic acid (LA; 18:2n-6) and arachidonic acid (AA; 20:4n-6), may be associated with the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder. In an effort to provide clarification regarding the relationship between PUFA biostatus and bipolar disorder, this meta-analysis investigated studies comparing erythrocyte (red blood cell) membrane PUFA composition in patients with bipolar disorder and healthy controls. METHODS A meta-analysis was performed on case-control studies comparing erythrocyte PUFA (EPA, DHA, LA and AA) levels in patients with bipolar I disorder and healthy controls. Standardized effect sizes were calculated and combined using a random effects model. RESULTS Six eligible case-control studies comprising n = 118 bipolar I patients and n = 147 healthy controls were included in the analysis. Compared with healthy controls, patients with bipolar I disorder exhibited robust erythrocyte DHA deficits (p = 0.0008) and there was a trend for lower EPA (p = 0.086). There were no significant differences in LA (p = 0.42) or AA (p = 0.64). CONCLUSIONS Bipolar I disorder is associated with robust erythrocyte DHA deficits. These findings add to a growing body of evidence implicating omega-3 PUFA deficiency in the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert K McNamara
- Division of Bipolar Disorders Research, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Welge
- Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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36
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Mansur RB, Rizzo LB, Santos CM, Asevedo E, Cunha GR, Noto MN, Pedrini M, Zeni M, Cordeiro Q, McIntyre RS, Brietzke E. Adipokines, metabolic dysfunction and illness course in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res 2016; 74:63-9. [PMID: 26748249 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Revised: 10/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Replicated evidence indicates that individuals with BD are differentially affected by metabolic comorbidities and that its occurrence is a critical mediator and/or moderator of BD outcomes. This study aimed to explore the role of adipokines on bipolar disorder (BD) course and its relationship with metabolic comorbidities (i.e. type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity). We measured plasma levels of adiponectin and leptin, as well as anthropometric and metabolic parameters of 59 patients with BD and 28 healthy volunteers. Our results showed that, in female participants, adiponectin was lower in individuals with BD, relative to healthy controls (p = 0.017). In the BD population, adiponectin levels were correlated with fasting glucose (r = -0.291, p = 0.047), fasting insulin (r = -0.332, p = 0.023), C-peptide (r = 0.040, p = 0.040), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (r = -0.411, p = 0.004), HDL (r = 0.508, p < 0.001), VLDL (r = -0.395, p = 0.005) and triglycerides (r = -0.310, p = 0.030). After adjustment for age, gender and BMI, individuals with BD and low adiponectin levels (i.e. < 7.5 μg/ml), had a higher number of mood episodes (p < 0.001), lower number of psychiatric hospitalizations (p = 0.007), higher depressive symptoms (p < 0.001) and lower levels of functioning (p = 0.020). In conclusion, adiponectin levels, either directly or as a proxy of metabolic dysfunction, is independently associated with an unfavorable course of illness in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo B Mansur
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Camila M Santos
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elson Asevedo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graccielle R Cunha
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariane N Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil; Vila Maria Outpatient Clinic in São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Pedrini
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Quirino Cordeiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Irmandade da Santa Casa de Misericórdia de São Paulo (ISCMSP), Brazil
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
As with physical conditions, bipolar disorder is likely to be impacted by diet and nutrition. Patients with bipolar disorder have been noted to have relatively unhealthy diets, which may in part be the reason they also have an elevated risk of metabolic syndrome and obesity. An improvement in the quality of the diet should improve a bipolar patient's overall health risk profile, but it may also improve their psychiatric outcomes. New insights into biological dysfunctions that may be present in bipolar disorder have presented new theoretic frameworks for understanding the relationship between diet and bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- John L Beyer
- Duke University Medical Center, Box 3519 DUMC, Room 4082B, Yellow Zone, Duke South Clinics, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Martha E Payne
- Office of Research Development, Duke University School of Medicine, Davison Building/Green Zone, Suite 410, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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38
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Saunders EFH, Reider A, Singh G, Gelenberg AJ, Rapoport SI. Low unesterified:esterified eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plasma concentration ratio is associated with bipolar disorder episodes, and omega-3 plasma concentrations are altered by treatment. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:729-42. [PMID: 26424416 PMCID: PMC4623957 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Omega (n)-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are molecular modulators of neurotransmission and inflammation. We hypothesized that plasma concentrations of n-3 PUFAs would be lower and those of n-6 PUFAs higher in subjects with bipolar disorder (BD) compared to healthy controls (HCs), and would correlate with symptom severity in subjects with BD, and that effective treatment would correlate with increased n-3 but lower n-6 PUFA levels. Additionally, we explored clinical correlations and group differences in plasma levels of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids. METHODS This observational, parallel group study compared biomarkers between HCs (n = 31) and symptomatic subjects with BD (n = 27) when ill and after symptomatic recovery (follow-up). Plasma concentrations of five PUFAs [linoleic acid (LA), arachidonic acid (AA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)], two saturated fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) and two monounsaturated fatty acids (palmitoleic acid and oleic acid) were measured in esterified (E) and unesterified (UE) forms. Calculated ratios included UE:E for the five PUFAs, ratios of n-3 PUFAs (DHA:ALA, EPA:ALA and EPA:DHA), and the ratio of n-6:n-3 AA:EPA. Comparisons of plasma fatty acid levels and ratios between BD and HC groups were made with Student t-tests, and between the BD group at baseline and follow-up using paired t-tests. Comparison of categorical variables was performed using chi-square tests. Pearson's r was used for bivariate correlations with clinical variables, including depressive and manic symptoms, current panic attacks, and psychosis. RESULTS UE EPA was lower in subjects with BD than in HCs, with a large effect size (Cohen's d = 0.86, p < 0.002); however, it was not statistically significant after correction for multiple comparisons. No statistically significant difference was seen in any plasma PUFA concentration between the BD and HC groups after Bonferroni correction for 40 comparisons, at p < 0.001. Neither depressive severity nor mania severity was correlated significantly with any PUFA concentration. Exploratory comparison showed lower UE:E EPA in the BD than the HC group (p < 0.0001). At follow-up in the BD group, UE, E DHA:ALA, and UE EPA:ALA were decreased (p < 0.002). Exploratory correlations of clinical variables revealed that mania severity and suicidality were positively correlated with UE:E EPA ratio, and that several plasma levels and ratios correlated with panic disorder and psychosis. Depressive severity was not correlated with any ratio. No plasma fatty acid level or ratio correlated with self-reported n-3 PUFA intake or use of medication by class. CONCLUSIONS A large effect size of reduced UE EPA, and a lower plasma UE:E concentration ratio of EPA in the symptomatic BD state may be important factors in vulnerability to a mood state. Altered n-3 PUFA ratios could indicate changes in PUFA metabolism concurrent with symptom improvement. Our findings are consistent with preclinical and postmortem data and suggest testing interventions that increase n-3 and decrease n-6 dietary PUFA intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika FH Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA,University of Michigan Department of Psychiatry, Ann Arbor, MI,University of Michigan Depression Center, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Aubrey Reider
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Gagan Singh
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Alan J Gelenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Penn State Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Stanley I Rapoport
- Brain Physiology and Metabolism Section, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tonello L, Cocchi M, Gabrielli F, Tuszynski JA. On the possible quantum role of serotonin in consciousness. J Integr Neurosci 2015; 14:295-308. [DOI: 10.1142/s021963521550017x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
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40
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Plasma linoleic acid partially mediates the association of bipolar disorder on self-reported mental health scales. J Psychiatr Res 2015; 68:61-7. [PMID: 26228402 PMCID: PMC4522046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
We have shown that bipolar individuals have reduced quality diets, including lower intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). We have also reported reduced plasma levels of the n-6 PUFA, linoleic acid (LA), and the n-3 PUFA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in bipolar subjects. In the current analysis we hypothesized that LA and EPA plasma levels would mediate lower self-reported mental health and life functioning scores in bipolar subjects. In a cross-sectional study, we collected a 7-day diet record in bipolar (n = 56) and control subjects (n = 46) followed by a fasted blood draw. We used structured equation modeling path analysis to test for mediating effects of dietary intake and plasma levels of LA and EPA on self-reported mental health questionnaire scores, including the Life Functioning Questionnaire (LFQ), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9), and the Short Form Health Survey (SF12), extracting the mental health component summary score (SF12-MH). We adjusted for age, gender, psychiatric medication use, body mass index (BMI), and total caloric intake as covariates with bipolar disorder as the primary predictor. We found a significant path association from bipolar disorder to lower plasma LA levels (p = 0.03) and significant paths from plasma LA to PHQ9 (p = 0.05), LFQ (p = 0.01) and SF12-MH (p = 0.05) scores, such that lower plasma LA predicted worse outcomes. We found no significant paths from plasma EPA levels to any of the outcome measures. These findings suggest that plasma LA levels partially mediate the effect of bipolar disorder on self-reported measures of mental health and life functioning.
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Burghardt KJ, Evans SJ, Wiese KM, Ellingrod VL. An Untargeted Metabolomics Analysis of Antipsychotic Use in Bipolar Disorder. Clin Transl Sci 2015; 8:432-40. [PMID: 26314700 DOI: 10.1111/cts.12324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second generation antipsychotic (SGA) use in bipolar disorder is common and has proven effective in short-term trials. There continues to be a lack of understanding of the mechanisms underlying many of their positive and negative effects in bipolar disorder. This study aimed to describe the metabolite profiles of bipolar subjects treated with SGAs by comparing to metabolite profiles of bipolar subjects treated with lithium, and schizophrenia subjects treated with SGAs. METHODS Cross-sectional, fasting untargeted serum metabolomic profiling was conducted in 82 subjects diagnosed with bipolar I disorder (n = 30 on SGAs and n = 32 on lithium) or schizophrenia (n = 20). Metabolomic profiles of bipolar subjects treated with SGAs were compared to bipolar subjects treated with lithium and schizophrenia subjects treated with SGAs using multivariate methods. RESULTS Partial lease square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) plots showed separation between bipolar subjects treated with SGAs, bipolar subjects treated with lithium, or schizophrenia subjects treated with SGAs. Top influential metabolite features were associated with several pathways including that of polyunsaturated fatty acids, pyruvate, glucose, and branched chain amino acids. CONCLUSIONS The findings from this study require further validation in pre- and posttreated bipolar and schizophrenia subjects, but suggest that the pharmacometabolome may be diagnosis specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Burghardt
- Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Simon J Evans
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristen M Wiese
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Vicki L Ellingrod
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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