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Daynes-Kearney R, Gallagher S. Social Identity and Online Support Groups: A Qualitative Study with Family Caregivers. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:479-490. [PMID: 37548949 PMCID: PMC11106133 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10203-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to explore whether a sense of collective or shared group identity was developed in one established online social support group for family caregivers and, if so, what did group identification mean for the group members and how was this cultivated in the group. METHODS Eighteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with members of a family caregiver online support group in Ireland. Inductive and deductive reflexive thematic analysis drawing on the social identity approach (SIA) generated four main themes and several related subthemes. RESULTS The first main theme generated was The group are a Tribe and the Tribe gets it, with subthemes: Invisibility as a common experience, my Tribe understands I am more than just a carer and Just being part of the Tribe can be enough. The second main theme generated was the Tribe is a lifeline and life-changing, with related subthemes: Our connection relieves experiences of loneliness and social isolation and Sharing knowledge, experience and support made me feel visible. The third and fourth main themes generated were The leadership of group moderators helped create the Tribe identity and Lessons that can be learnt. These findings are discussed in relation to the social identity approach, social isolation and loneliness. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that group identity can be cultivated through considered, active and balanced moderation, creating a safe, welcoming and supportive space where family caregivers are able to have fun and seek information, advice and emotional support, which helps relieve loneliness and social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary Daynes-Kearney
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Stephen Gallagher
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, Study of Anxiety, Stress and Health Laboratory, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Castletroy, Limerick, Ireland
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Vanstrum EB, Jung Kim M, Ziltzer RS, Doherty JK, Bassett AM. Utilization of Face-to-Face Vestibular Support Groups: A Comparison to Online Group Participation. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 2024:34894241241861. [PMID: 38738670 DOI: 10.1177/00034894241241861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study compared the utilization and outcomes of face-to-face (F2F) vestibular support groups and online support communities (OSC) for individuals with vestibular disorders. METHODS We distributed a 31-question anonymous electronic survey through the Vestibular Disorders Association (VeDA) to F2F participants, categorizing user involvement in F2F, OSCs, or both and assessed impact on medical decision-making, psychosocial benefits, and goals achieved. RESULTS The F2F cohort consisted of 97 individuals comprising primarily of non-Hispanic White women (mean age = 57 years, SD ± 14 years) with diagnoses including persistent postural-perceptual dizziness (19%), Meniere's disease (15%), and vestibular neuritis (13%). Most participants were diagnosed by an otolaryngologist (65%) and attended F2F meetings monthly or less frequently (78%). The OSC group comprised of 551 individuals, primarily of non-Hispanic White women, but was younger in age (mean age = 50 years, SD ± 13 years). OSC participants notably engaged more, with 36% participating on a daily basis and 32% multiple times a week. F2F participants were older (mean age 57 years vs 50 years, P < .001) and more commonly referred by medical professionals (22% F2F vs 6% OSC, P < .001). Both groups had similar achieved goals, including hearing from others with the same diagnosis (84% vs 89%, P > .05) and similar impact on medical decision-making (75% vs 78%, P > .05). More F2F participants reported increased development of coping skills (79% F2F vs 69% OSC, P = .037). OSC participants typically found the group via an online search (75%), compared to 51% for F2F. OSC participants had higher daily engagement (36%) compared to F2F (1%). CONCLUSION F2F users are older and more commonly referred by medical professionals. Despite less frequent engagement, F2F participants reported similar influences on achieved goals, medical decision-making, and impact on psychosocial benefits. These findings highlight the importance of both F2F and OSC support groups for individuals with vestibular disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik B Vanstrum
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Min Jung Kim
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ryan S Ziltzer
- David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joni K Doherty
- Caruso Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Mathias K, Jain S, Fraser R, Davis M, Kimijima–Dennemeyer R, Pillai P, Deshpande SN, Wolters M. Improving mental ill-health with psycho-social group interventions in South Asia-A scoping review using a realist lens. PLOS GLOBAL PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 3:e0001736. [PMID: 37639400 PMCID: PMC10461838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review aimed to synthesise current evidence related to psycho-social groups as part of community-based mental health interventions in South Asia. We used a realist lens to pay attention to the contexts and mechanisms supporting positive outcomes. We included studies published from January 2007 to February 2022 that: were based in communities in South Asia, included a group component, reported on interventions with a clear psychosocial component, targeted adults and were implemented by lay community health workers. Two reviewers extracted data on intervention components, groups and facilitators, participant demographics and enabling contexts, mechanisms and outcomes. Expert reference panels including people with lived experience of psycho-social disability, mental health professionals and policy makers confirmed the validity and relevance of initial review findings. The review examined 15 interventions represented by 42 papers. Only four interventions were solely psycho-social and nearly all included psychoeducation and economic support. Only 8 of the 46 quantitative outcome measures used were developed in South Asia. In a context of social exclusion and limited autonomy for people with psychosocial disability, psychosocial support groups triggered five key mechanisms. Trusted relationships undergirded all mechanisms, and provided a sense of inclusion, social support and of being able to manage mental distress due to improved skills and knowledge. Over time group members felt a sense of belonging and collective strength meaning they were better able to advocate for their own well-being and address upstream social health determinants. This led to outcomes of improved mental health and social participation across the realms of intrapersonal, interpersonal and community. Psychosocial groups merit greater attention as an active ingredient in community interventions and also as an effective, relevant, acceptable and scalable platform that can promote and increase mental health in communities, through facilitation by lay community health workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaaren Mathias
- Herbertpur Christian Hospital, Emmanuel Hospital Association, Uttarakhand, India
- Faculty of Health, Te Kaupeka Oranga, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sumeet Jain
- School of Social and Political Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | | | - Meghan Davis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Pooja Pillai
- Herbertpur Christian Hospital, Emmanuel Hospital Association, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Smita N. Deshpande
- Department of Psychiatry, St John’s National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bengaluru, India
| | - Maria Wolters
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Velissaris S, Davis MC, Fisher F, Gluyas C, Stout JC. A pilot evaluation of an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction program for people with pre-symptomatic Huntington's disease. J Community Genet 2023; 14:395-405. [PMID: 37458974 PMCID: PMC10444936 DOI: 10.1007/s12687-023-00651-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
People with Huntington's disease (HD) face difficult emotional and practical challenges throughout their illness, including in the pre-symptomatic stage. There are, however, extremely limited psychosocial interventions adapted to or researched for HD. We adapted and piloted an 8-week mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) program in people with pre-symptomatic HD to determine if the program (i) was feasible and acceptable to participants, (ii) resulted in increased mindfulness understanding and skills, and (iii) led to improved psychological adjustment. Quantitative measures of mindfulness, emotion regulation, mood, and quality of life were administered pre and post the MBSR program and at 3-month follow-up. Measures of mindfulness practice and session clarity were administered weekly. Qualitative participant feedback was collected with a post-program interview conducted by independent clinicians. Seven participants completed the 8-week course. The program's feasibility and acceptability was supported by excellent retention and participation rates and acceptable rates of home practice completion. In addition, qualitative feedback indicated participant satisfaction with the program structure and content. Two core mindfulness skills (observing and non-judgment) showed significant improvement from pre- to post-assessment. Participant qualitative feedback indicated increased confidence and capacity to use mindfulness techniques, particularly in emotionally challenging situations. Participant questionnaire data showed good psychological adjustment at baseline, which did not change after treatment. Psychological benefits of the program identified in qualitative data included fewer ruminations about HD, reduced isolation and stigma, and being seen by others as calmer. These findings justify expansion of the program to determine its efficacy in a larger, controlled study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Velissaris
- Statewide Progressive Neurological Disease Service, Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, 476 Kooyong Rd., South Caulfield, 3162, VIC, Australia.
| | - Marie-Claire Davis
- Statewide Progressive Neurological Disease Service, Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, 476 Kooyong Rd., South Caulfield, 3162, VIC, Australia
| | - Fiona Fisher
- Statewide Progressive Neurological Disease Service, Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, 476 Kooyong Rd., South Caulfield, 3162, VIC, Australia
| | - Cathy Gluyas
- Statewide Progressive Neurological Disease Service, Calvary Health Care Bethlehem, 476 Kooyong Rd., South Caulfield, 3162, VIC, Australia
| | - Julie C Stout
- The Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Anto A, Asif RO, Basu A, Kanapathipillai D, Salam H, Selim R, Zaman J, Eisingerich AB. Exploring the Impact of Social Media on Anxiety Among University Students in the United Kingdom: Qualitative Study. JMIR Form Res 2023; 7:e43037. [PMID: 37327030 DOI: 10.2196/43037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rapid surge in social media platforms has significant implications for users' mental health, particularly anxiety. In the case of social media, the impact on mental well-being has been highlighted by multiple stakeholders as a cause for concern. However, there has been limited research into how the association between social media and anxiety arises, specifically among university students-the generation that has seen the introduction and evolution of social media, and currently lives through the medium. Extant systematic literature reviews within this area of research have not yet focused on university students or anxiety, rather predominantly investigating adolescents or generalized mental health symptoms and disorders. Furthermore, there is little to no qualitative data exploring the association between social media and anxiety among university students. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic literature review of the existing literature and a qualitative study that aims to develop foundational knowledge around the association of social media and anxiety among university students and enhance extant knowledge and theory. METHODS A total of 29 semistructured interviews were conducted, comprising 19 male students (65.5%) and 10 female students (34.5%) with a mean age of 21.5 years. All students were undergraduates from 6 universities across the United Kingdom, with most students studying in London (89.7%). Participants were enrolled through a homogenous purposive sampling technique via social media channels, word of mouth, and university faculties. Recruitment was suspended at the point of data saturation. Participants were eligible for the study if they were university students in the United Kingdom and users of social media. RESULTS Thematic analysis resulted in 8 second-order themes: 3 mediating factors that decrease anxiety levels and 5 factors that increase anxiety levels. Social media decreased anxiety through positive experiences, social connectivity, and escapism. Social media increased anxiety through stress, comparison, fear of missing out, negative experiences, and procrastination. CONCLUSIONS This qualitative study sheds critical light on how university students perceive how social media affects their anxiety levels. Students revealed that social media did impact their anxiety levels and considered it an important factor in their mental health. Thus, it is essential to educate stakeholders, including students, university counselors, and health care professionals, about the potential impact of social media on students' anxiety levels. Since anxiety is a multifactorial condition, pinpointing the main stressors in a person's life, such as social media use, may help manage these patients more effectively. The current research highlights that there are also many benefits to social media, and uncovering these may help in producing more holistic management plans for anxiety, reflective of the students' social media usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ailin Anto
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rafey Omar Asif
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Arunima Basu
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haadi Salam
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Selim
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jahed Zaman
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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Haslam C, Bertschy K, Cruwys T, Griffin J, Johnson D. The group mechanism in treatment: group identification and cohesion contributes to reducing chronic lower back pain by increasing personal control. Disabil Rehabil 2023; 45:1332-1342. [PMID: 35403527 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2057602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is increasing recognition of the contribution that group processes, particularly identification and cohesion, make to outcomes of group delivered health treatments. This study examined the role that these particular group processes play in the treatment of lower back pain, and a theorised mechanism of personal control through which group treatment might enhance outcomes. METHODS Participants (N = 85) elected to either receive NeuroHAB®, a defined functional movement therapy of 8 weeks duration, or continue with treatment-as-usual (TAU). Pain intensity and disability were assessed at baseline (T1) and post-intervention or 8 weeks later (T2), as well as at a 1-month follow-up (T3). Only the NeuroHAB® participants additionally completed weekly questionnaires that measured treatment group identification, cohesion, and personal control. RESULTS NeuroHAB® was significantly more effective than TAU in reducing pain intensity and disability at T2 and T3. Furthermore, among NeuroHAB® recipients, stronger treatment group identification and cohesion early in the program predicted better pain outcomes over time, and this relationship was fully mediated by perceptions of personal control. CONCLUSION These data provide further support for the role of group identification and cohesion as a contributing mechanism of change in group-based treatments and extend this to the domain of pain management.Implications for RehabilitationA focus on defined functional movement therapy, as offered by the NeuroHAB® group program, was found to improve pain outcomes in patients with lower back pain.A key ingredient in the NeuroHAB® rehabilitation program was its group delivery.Group delivery supported treatment group identification and cohesion which, through enhancing the perception of personal control, reduced pain intensity and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Haslam
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kristen Bertschy
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tegan Cruwys
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Joanne Griffin
- Functional Movement Training Centre, St Andrews Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Johnson
- Functional Movement Training Centre, St Andrews Memorial Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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7
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Power K, Cientanni F, Wright C. Social Group Identification as a Predictor of Pretreatment Suicidal Ideation and Intent in those Receiving cCBT: Evidence from a Scottish Primary Care Sample. Arch Suicide Res 2023; 27:107-121. [PMID: 34514951 DOI: 10.1080/13811118.2021.1972882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Suicidal ideation and intent are strongly linked with suicidal attempts and completions; however, no study to date has explored the predictors of ideation and intent within a sample receiving computerized cognitive behavioral therapy (cCBT) as an intervention for mild to moderate depression. The current study investigates the impact of social group identification and socioeconomic deprivation, together with a number of important clinical and demographic factors, on suicidal ideation and intent within a Scottish primary care sample. Participants (N = 1062) were recruited from referrals to a cCBT program, "Beating the Blues" (BtB), over a 33-month period. Participants completed three versions of the group identifications scale (GIS), one for each of three groups: family, community, and a social group of choice. Single-item questions on suicidal ideation and intent were delivered through the BtB program, and demographic and clinical information were collected on commencing BtB. More severe psychological distress, fewer group identifications, younger age, and being male, all significantly predicted the presence of suicidal ideations, however only greater severity of psychological distress was associated with more serious suicidal intent. These results provide valuable insight into factors associated with suicidal ideation and intent within a clinical population from a psychosocial, psychopharmacological, and demographic perspective.
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8
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Chen Y, Yu X, Ma’rof AA, Zaremohzzabieh Z, Abdullah H, Halimatusaadiah Hamsan H, Zhang L. Social Identity, Core Self-Evaluation, School Adaptation, and Mental Health Problems in Migrant Children in China: A Chain Mediation Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16645. [PMID: 36554527 PMCID: PMC9778830 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
(1) Background: The present study investigated the relationships between social identity, core self-evaluation, school adaptation, and mental health problems in migrant children, and the mechanism underlying these relationships; (2) Methods: The participants were migrant middle school students in China. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 26. A survey comprising the social identity scale, core self-evaluation scale, school adaptation scale, and mental health scale MMHI-60 was deployed; (3) Results: Findings indicated a significant and negative association between social identity and mental health problems, and such an association was sequentially mediated by core self-evaluation and school adaptation. Furthermore, core self-evaluation and school adaptation played a chain mediation role between social identity and migrant children's mental health problems; (4) Conclusions: It is crucial to improve social identity, core self-evaluation, and school adaptation to reduce mental health problems among this population. Therefore, the research results provide a new direction for promoting the development of mental health education for migrant workers and their children in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Chen
- Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Xinxin Yu
- Department of Education, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Aini Azeqa Ma’rof
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zeinab Zaremohzzabieh
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - Haslinda Abdullah
- Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | | | - Lyuci Zhang
- Faculty of Educational Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Muldoon OT, Jay S, O'Donnell AT, Winterburn M, Moynihan AB, O'Connell BH, Choudhary R, Jha K, Sah AK. Health literacy among self-help leprosy group members reduces stereotype endorsement and stigma-related harm in rural Nepal. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:2230-2239. [PMID: 35224816 PMCID: PMC10078785 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing appreciation that group memberships can have both beneficial and damaging impacts on health. In collaboration with Nepal Leprosy Trust (NLT), this longitudinal study explores a group-based approach to stigma reduction among people affected by leprosy in rural Nepal (N = 71)-a hard to reach and underrepresented non-WEIRD population. Informed by the 'social cure' literature, and the progressive model of self-stigma, we use a longitudinal design. We found that a sense of belonging to a self-help group can facilitate education in terms of health literacy, and over time these two factors also have impacts on participants stigma. Specifically, self-help group belonging predicted improvements in health literacy, leading to reduced endorsement of negative stereotypes and thus less stigma-related harm among people affected by leprosy. The study offers promising evidence that group-based interventions, which support health education, can reduce the harmful impact of stigma in very challenging contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla T. Muldoon
- Centre for Social Issues ResearchUniversity of LimerickLimerickIreland
| | - Sarah Jay
- Centre for Social Issues ResearchUniversity of LimerickLimerickIreland
| | | | - Michael Winterburn
- Nepal Leprosy TrustLalgadhNepal
- Computing and Informatics Research GroupLimerick Institute of TechnologyLimerickIreland
| | | | - Brenda H. O'Connell
- Centre for Social Issues ResearchUniversity of LimerickLimerickIreland
- Department of PsychologyMaynooth UniversityMaynoothIreland
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Elkhalii-Wilhelm S, Sippel A, Riemann-Lorenz K, Kofahl C, Scheiderbauer J, Arnade S, Kleiter I, Schmidt S, Heesen C. Experiences of persons with Multiple Sclerosis with lifestyle adjustment–A qualitative interview study. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268988. [PMID: 35622783 PMCID: PMC9140290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Persons with Multiple Sclerosis (pwMS) follow individual strategies to cope with this highly heterogeneous disease. As surveys show, lifestyle habits play an important role in pwMS. However, little is known about individual experiences of pwMS with different lifestyle adjustment strategies. Objective This study aims to describe and understand individual experiences of pwMS with lifestyle adjustments. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 50 pwMS in Germany. Criteria for inclusion were age ≥ 18 years and a diagnosis of relapsing-remitting Multiple Sclerosis. Data were analyzed inductively and deductively according to a six-step thematic analysis. Results The three main themes for experience-based lifestyle adjustments were: 1) nutrition and supplements, 2) exercise and physical activity, and 3) stress management. Influencing factors on the decision-making process such as active disease management, information and advice, desire for mental health and social support, and the wish for self-determination were identified. Impacts of starting or maintaining lifestyle habits included, for example, MS-specific, general, and mental health benefits, the development of coping strategies, social support, and barriers that led to a termination of lifestyle adjustments. Conclusion This study provides a rich and nuanced amount of experiences of pwMS with lifestyle adjustments and leads to three important conclusions: 1) Further research is warranted to better describe the perceived effects of lifestyle habits on MS symptoms and progression, in particular with regard to nutrition and stress reduction; 2) patient education in MS should include the available evidence on lifestyle management and 3) patients need to be actively supported in changing their lifestyle behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Elkhalii-Wilhelm
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna Sippel
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Karin Riemann-Lorenz
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Kofahl
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Sigrid Arnade
- LEBENSNERV–Stiftung zur Förderung der Psychosomatischen MS-Forschung, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke GmbH, Berg, Germany
| | - Stephan Schmidt
- Neurologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Gesundheitszentrum St. Johannes, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Heesen
- Institute of Neuroimmunology and Multiple Sclerosis (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Marinucci M, Mazzoni D, Pancani L, Riva P. To whom should I turn? Intergroup social connections moderate social exclusion's short- and long-term psychological impact on immigrants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jesp.2021.104275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Emery H, Padgett C, Ownsworth T, Honan CA. A systematic review of self-concept change in multiple sclerosis. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2022; 32:1774-1813. [PMID: 35168496 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2022.2030367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Self-concept or sense of self is often altered in the context of neurological illness. Yet, these core aspects of subjective experience are poorly understood for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). This systematic review aimed to synthesize the findings of quantitative and qualitative studies investigating self-concept in MS. PsycINFO, MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL, Scopus, and Web of Science were last systematically searched in May 2021, with the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool and Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualiatative Research used to appraise the quality of the eligible articles. Articles were included if they measured or explored self-concept in MS populations, were published in English and peer-reviewed. A total of 30 studies (11 quantitative, 19 qualitative) were identified. Quantitative studies were synthesized using a narrative approach, with results suggesting that MS is associated with some degree of self-concept change. Qualitative studies were synthesized using thematic synthesis, with results illustrating a complex process of self-concept change that is catalyzed by MS-related events and characterized by varying degrees of resistance to, or acknowledgement of, such changes. Future prospective longitudinal studies are needed to characterize the nature of self-concept change in MS using validated tools that measure relevant aspects of self-concept for the MS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly Emery
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
| | - Christine Padgett
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Tamara Ownsworth
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, Australia
| | - Cynthia A Honan
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Australia
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Morris-Bankole H, Ho AK. Uncovering patterns of real-world psychological support seeking and the patient experience in Multiple Sclerosis. Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022; 59:103666. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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The Role of Disease Acceptance, Life Satisfaction, and Stress Perception on the Quality of Life Among Patients With Multiple Sclerosis: A Descriptive and Correlational Study. Rehabil Nurs 2021; 46:205-213. [PMID: 32932423 DOI: 10.1097/rnj.0000000000000288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between illness acceptance, life satisfaction, stress intensity, and their impact on the quality of life (QOL) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). DESIGN Descriptive and correlational study. METHODS A group of 100 patients with MS responded to the Expanded Disability Status Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Brief (WHOQOL-BREF) Scale, the Acceptance of Illness Scale (AIS), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), and a sociodemographic questionnaire. FINDINGS A significant relationship was shown between the mean scores of AIS, SWLS, PSS-10, and WHOQOL-BREF; however, there was no relationship between the mean scores of AIS, SWLS, PSS-10, WHOQOL-BREF and the Expanded Disability Status Scale. CONCLUSION Quality of life in patients with MS is positively affected by higher level of disease acceptance and life satisfaction as well as a lower level of perceived stress. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Rehabilitation nurses should consider the patient's disease acceptance, QOL, perceived stress, disability level, and satisfaction of life in planning and implementing a comprehensive rehabilitation plan.
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Maitland CA, Rhodes S, O'Hare A, Stewart ME. Social identities and mental well-being in autistic adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2021; 25:1771-1783. [PMID: 34011188 PMCID: PMC8323333 DOI: 10.1177/13623613211004328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Social identities relate to psychological perceptions of group memberships and
form part of the self-concept. Socially identifying with groups has previously
been found to associate with better mental well-being outcomes. This study first
examined the factor structure and the reliability of measuring social
identification in autistic adults. Confirmatory factor analysis showed that a
factor structure was replicated in this sample for social identification with
other autistic people, but not the family. Second, the study assessed the level
to which autistic adults socially identified with different groups, the total
number of social identities and whether these were associated with their mental
well-being. Autistic adults reported feelings of social identification with many
kinds of groups, some with multiple groups, whereas others did not socially
identify with any group. Stronger feelings of social identification towards
other autistic people and towards one’s family, and with more groups overall,
were associated with less severe self-reported depression symptoms and more
facets of positive mental health. These findings indicate the importance of
facilitating autistic people’s engagement with social groups.
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Jay S, Winterburn M, Choudhary R, Jha K, Sah AK, O'Connell BH, O'Donnell AT, Moynihan AB, Muldoon OT. From social curse to social cure: A self‐help group community intervention for people affected by leprosy in Nepal. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Jay
- Centre for Social Issues Research University of Limerick Castletroy Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Brenda H O'Connell
- Centre for Social Issues Research University of Limerick Castletroy Ireland
- Department of Psychology Maynooth University Maynooth Ireland
| | | | - Andrew B Moynihan
- Centre for Social Issues Research University of Limerick Castletroy Ireland
| | - Orla T Muldoon
- Centre for Social Issues Research University of Limerick Castletroy Ireland
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17
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Noordman ID, van der Velden JAEM, Timmers HJLM, Reisch N, Richter-Unruh A, Pienkowksi C, Roeleveld N, Claahsen-van der Grinten HL. Socioeconomic status in patients with Turner syndrome. COMPREHENSIVE PSYCHONEUROENDOCRINOLOGY 2021; 5:100030. [PMID: 35754454 PMCID: PMC9216711 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpnec.2021.100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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18
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Jiang J, Chu C, Wu C, Wang C, Zhang C, Li T, Zhai Q, Yu L, Tian F, Chen W. Efficacy of probiotics in multiple sclerosis: a systematic review of preclinical trials and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Food Funct 2021; 12:2354-2377. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03203d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary evidence shows the potential role of probiotics in ameliorating multiple sclerosis (MS); however, the effects of probiotics on MS remain unclear.
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Conneely M, McNamee P, Gupta V, Richardson J, Priebe S, Jones JM, Giacco D. Understanding Identity Changes in Psychosis: A Systematic Review and Narrative Synthesis. Schizophr Bull 2020; 47:309-322. [PMID: 32989443 PMCID: PMC7965068 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Experiencing psychosis can be associated with changes in how people see themselves as individuals and in relation to others (ie, changes in their identity). However, identity changes receive little attention in treatment, possibly due to a lack of clarity or consensus around what identity change means in people with psychosis. We aimed to create a conceptual framework synthesizing how identity changes are understood in the psychosis literature. METHODS Electronic databases were searched up to April 2020. Studies about identity changes among people with psychotic disorders were analyzed using narrative synthesis by a collaborative review team, including researchers from different disciplines, clinicians, and people who have experienced psychosis. RESULTS Of 10 389 studies screened, 59 were eligible. Identity changes are understood in 5 ways as (1) characteristics of psychosis, (2) consequences of altered cognitive functioning, (3) consequences of internalized stigma, (4) consequences of lost roles and relationships, and (5) reflections of personal growth. These 5 understandings are not mutually exclusive. Across a heterogeneous literature, identity changes were mostly framed in terms of loss. CONCLUSIONS Our conceptual framework, comprising 5 understandings, highlights the complexity of studying identity changes and suggests important implications for practice and research. For clinicians, this framework can inform new therapeutic approaches where the experience and impact of identity changes are acknowledged and addressed as part of treatment. For researchers, the conceptual framework offers a way of locating their understandings of identity changes when undertaking research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maev Conneely
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaboration Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed; Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, Newham Centre for Mental Health, London E13 8SP, UK; tel: +44 020 7540 4380 (ext.: 2308), fax: +44 020 7540 4380, e-mail:
| | - Philip McNamee
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaboration Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Veenu Gupta
- Department of Primary Care and Mental health, Institute of Population Health, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - John Richardson
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaboration Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Stefan Priebe
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaboration Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Janelle M Jones
- Department of Biological and Experimental Psychology, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Domenico Giacco
- Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaboration Centre, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK,Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Aureli N, Marinucci M, Riva P. Can the chronic exclusion‐resignation link be broken? An analysis of support groups within prisons. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/jasp.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aureli
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
| | - Marco Marinucci
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
| | - Paolo Riva
- Department of Psychology University of Milano‐Bicocca Milano Italy
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Landstad BJ, Hedlund M, Kendall E. Practicing in a person-centred environment - self-help groups in psycho-social rehabilitation. Disabil Rehabil 2020; 44:1067-1076. [PMID: 32673133 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2020.1789897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM The increasing prevalence of chronic conditions and impairments in the population is putting new demands on health and rehabilitation services. Research on self-help groups suggest that participation in these groups might have a positive impact on people who are struggling with chronic illnesses or disabilities. In this study, we explore person-centred support in which participants in self-help groups are undergoing rehabilitation to develop their knowledge, skills and confidence necessary to handle life's challenges. METHOD The design is exploratory, analysing data from informant interviews and focus groups (a total of 32 participants) using a Grounded Theory inspired approach to analyse. The participants were rehabilitation clients aged between 20 and 60 years; eight were men and twenty-six were women. RESULTS Three main categories emerged as being important self-help processes that were likely to promote positive rehabilitation outcomes: (1) Learning and practicing safely, (2) A refuge from expectations, (3) Internal processes that accentuate the positives. CONCLUSION Peer support delivered through the structured self-help environment can facilitate the development of new self-awareness, promote acceptance and adjustment, facilitate the establishment of new skills and enable transfer of learning to new environments, including the workplace.IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILITATIONSelf-help groups may support the process of rehabilitation.Participating in self-help groups provides an enabling context for individuals to address challenges and limitations.Peer support delivered through the structured self-help environment can facilitate the development of new self-awareness, promote adjustment, and facilitate the establishment of new skills.Participating in peer led self-help groups can assist with the transfer of learning to new environments, including development of potential work capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodil J Landstad
- Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.,Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Marianne Hedlund
- Faculty of Health Science, Nord University, Levanger, Norway.,Department of Social Work and Health Science, Norwegian University of Technology and Science, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elizabeth Kendall
- The Hopkins Centre, Disability, Rehabilitation & Resilience Program, Menzies Health Institute Qld, Griffith University, Logan Campus, Australia
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Khan SS, Tarrant M, Kos K, Daly M, Gimbuta C, Farrow CV. Making connections: Social identification with new treatment groups for lifestyle management of severe obesity. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 27:686-696. [PMID: 32267579 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Groups are regularly used to deliver healthcare services, including the management of obesity, and there is growing evidence that patients' experiences of such groups fundamentally shape treatment effects. This study investigated factors related to patients' shared social identity formed within the context of a treatment group for the management of severe obesity. A cross-sectional survey was administered to patients registered with a UK medical obesity service and enrolled on a group-based education and support programme. Patients (N = 78; MBMI = 48 on entry to the service) completed measures of group demographics (e.g., group membership continuity) and psychosocial variables (e.g., past experiences of weight discrimination) and reported their social identification with the treatment group. The results showed that patients identified with the treatment group to the extent that there was continuity in membership across the programme and they perceived themselves more centrally in terms of their weight status. Weight centrality was negatively associated with external social support and positively associated with experiences of weight discrimination. Group continuity was positively correlated with session attendance frequency. Patients presenting to clinical treatment services with severe obesity often do so after sustained weight loss failure and exposure to negative societal experiences. This study highlights that providing a treatment environment wherein these experiences can be shared with other patients may provide common ground for development of a new, positive social identity that can structure programme engagement and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sammyh S Khan
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,School of Psychology, Keele University, Keele, UK
| | - Mark Tarrant
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Katarina Kos
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.,Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Hospital Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Mark Daly
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Hospital Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Chloe Gimbuta
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Claire V Farrow
- School of Life and Health Sciences, Aston University, Birmingham, UK
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Wakefield JRH, Bowe M, Kellezi B, Butcher A, Groeger JA. Longitudinal associations between family identification, loneliness, depression, and sleep quality. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 25:1-16. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Vella-Burrows T, Pickard A, Wilson L, Clift S, Whitfield L. 'Dance to Health': an evaluation of health, social and dance interest outcomes of a dance programme for the prevention of falls. Arts Health 2019; 13:158-172. [PMID: 31490095 DOI: 10.1080/17533015.2019.1662461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Background: Falls and related injuries in the older population are major public health issues requiring more innovative and effective solutions. This paper reports an evaluation of the Dance to Health (DtH) programme which integrates evidence-based physiotherapy falls-prevention exercises into creative dance.Methods: Sixty-seven participants took part in a mixed-methods study that combined focus group discussions and six pre/post-test questionnaires with a focus on dance interest and ability, group identity, loneliness and isolation, general health and mental health.Results: The findings show that the DtH programme can support and enhance physical, mental and social health and levels of interest in dance. The mixed data yielded evidence of positive change, with statistical significance in findings relating to group bonding and improved physical control and coordination.Conclusions: The findings support the case for recommending the Dance to Health programme in falls-prevention services in relation to its ability to promote a wide range of health and wellbeing benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Vella-Burrows
- Sidney De Haan Research Centre for Arts and Health, Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU)
| | - Angela Pickard
- School of Creative Arts and Industries, Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU)
| | - Lian Wilson
- Sidney De Haan Research Centre for Arts and Health, Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU)
| | - Stephen Clift
- Sidney De Haan Research Centre for Arts and Health, Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU)
| | - Laura Whitfield
- Sidney De Haan Research Centre for Arts and Health, Canterbury Christ Church University (CCCU)
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Borek AJ, Abraham C, Greaves CJ, Tarrant M, Garner N, Pascale M. 'We're all in the same boat': A qualitative study on how groups work in a diabetes prevention and management programme. Br J Health Psychol 2019; 24:787-805. [PMID: 31273908 DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although many health interventions are delivered in groups, it is unclear how group context can be best used to promote health-related behaviour change and what change processes are most helpful to participants. This study explored participants' experiences of attending type 2 diabetes prevention and management programme, and their perceptions of how group participation influenced changes in diet and physical activity. DESIGN Qualitative. METHODS Semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted with 20 participants (twelve men) from nine groups in the Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analysed using thematic analysis in NVivo. RESULTS Participants benefited from individual change processes, including information provision, structuring and prioritizing health goals, action planning, self-monitoring, and receiving feedback. They also benefited from group processes, including having a common purpose, sharing experiences, making social comparisons, monitoring and accountability, and providing and receiving social support in the groups. Participants' engagement with, and benefits from, the groups were enhanced when there was a supportive group context (i.e., group cohesion, homogeneous group composition, and a positive group atmosphere). Optimal facilitation to develop an appropriate group context and initiate effective change processes necessitated good facilitator interpersonal and professional skills, credibility and empathy, and effective group facilitation methods. Participants reported developing a sense of responsibility and making behaviour changes that resulted in improvements in health outcomes and weight loss. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the role of individual and group processes in facilitating health-promoting behaviour change, and the importance of group context and optimal facilitation in promoting engagement with the programme. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Many health interventions, including programmes to help prevent or manage diabetes and facilitate weight loss, are delivered in groups. Such group-based behaviour-change interventions are often effective in facilitating psychological and behaviour change. There is considerable research and theory on individual change processes and techniques, but less is known about which change processes and techniques facilitate behaviour change in group settings. What does this study add? This study contributes to our understanding of how participating in group-based health programmes may enhance or impede individual behaviour change. It identified individual (intrapersonal) and group (interpersonal, facilitated through group interaction) change processes that were valued by group participants. The findings also show how these change processes may be affected by the group context. A diagram summarizes the identified themes helping to understand interactions between these key processes occurring in groups. The study offers an insight into participants' views on, and experiences of, attending a group-based diabetes prevention and management programme. Thus, it helps better understand how the intervention might have helped them (or not) and what processes may have influenced intervention outcomes. Key practical recommendations for designing and delivering group-based behaviour-change interventions are presented, which may be used to improve future group-based health interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra J Borek
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK.,Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Charles Abraham
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK.,School of Psychological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin J Greaves
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, UK
| | - Mark Tarrant
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, UK
| | - Nikki Garner
- Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study, Norfolk & Norwich University Foundation Healthcare Trust, UK
| | - Melanie Pascale
- Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study, Norfolk & Norwich University Foundation Healthcare Trust, UK
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Kofahl C. Associations of collective self-help activity, health literacy and quality of life in patients with tinnitus. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2018; 101:2170-2178. [PMID: 30029811 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE About 800 of the 13,000 members of the German Tinnitus Association (DTL) are active in self-help groups (SHGs). This study analyzes whether SHG-participation is associated with tinnitus-related Health Literacy (HLit) and Quality of Life (QoL). METHODS In a cross-sectional study 1108 tinnitus patients in- and outside of SHGs administered a questionnaire containing tinnitus-related burden, QoL, tinnitus knowledge, self-management, assessment of SHGs, and socio-demographics. Participants were divided into four subgroups: (1) active SHG-members (19.6%), (2) former SHG-members (10.6%), (3) DTL-members, but not in SHG (57.9%), (4) neither DTL- nor SHG-members (11.9%). RESULTS Participant were 59.7% male and 61.3 years on average. SHG-attendees are on average 5 years older than non-attendees, and have a lower education, while there are no differences in gender-distribution. Regression analyses show significant associations between SHG-participation and tinnitus knowledge, coping and self-esteem. QoL, however, is not associated with SHG-participation. SHG-members report considerable further benefits from SHG-membership. CONCLUSIONS Despite the limitations through the cross-sectional design, it seems more likely that tinnitus-related HLit and other benefits are a result of SHG-participation than vice versa. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Health care providers should inform their patients about SHGs and encourage them to consider a SHG as a possible option for their self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Kofahl
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistr. 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Halder MM, Wakefield JR, Bowe M, Kellezi B, Mair E, McNamara N, Wilson I, Stevenson C. Evaluation and exploration of a social prescribing initiative: Study protocol. J Health Psychol 2018; 26:345-356. [PMID: 30488733 DOI: 10.1177/1359105318814160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Attention is being given to healthcare initiatives with the potential to save money and improve lives. One example is social prescribing, which supports patients whose ill-health is exacerbated by loneliness. While evidence has accumulated attesting to social prescribing's efficacy, one limitation has been the lack of a theoretical framework, which limits understanding of how tackling loneliness improves health. In our evaluation of a social prescribing pathway, we adopt a 'Social Cure' approach, which posits that social relations affect health. Our study will evaluate the efficacy of the pathway and determine the extent to which group processes are responsible for health improvements.
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Hill J, Koch LC, Rumrill PD. Ethical considerations for providing vocational rehabilitation services to individuals with chronic pain. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL REHABILITATION 2018. [DOI: 10.3233/jvr-180941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Hill
- Department of Rehabilitation, Communication Disorders, and Human Resources, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Lynn C. Koch
- Department of Rehabilitation, Communication Disorders, and Human Resources, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - Phillip D. Rumrill
- School of Lifespan Development and Educational Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA
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Jackson K, Hamilton S, Jones S, Barr S. Patient reported experiences of using community rehabilitation and/or support services whilst living with a long-term neurological condition: a qualitative systematic review and meta-aggregation. Disabil Rehabil 2018; 41:2731-2749. [PMID: 29911901 DOI: 10.1080/09638288.2018.1473508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: The objective of this study is to identify patient reported experiences of using community rehabilitation and/or support services whilst living with a long-term neurological condition, and perceptions of their impact on quality of life.Methods: Nine electronic databases were searched for peer-reviewed qualitative studies from 2005 to 2016, which met the inclusion criteria. Critical appraisal, data extraction, and quality assessment of 37 included papers were performed by three reviewers. One hundred and one findings were extracted. Meta-aggregation was used to synthesize findings.Findings: Seven 'synthesized findings' [SF] were produced: Interactions with some professionals provide active participation, choice, confidence and autonomy [SF1]; Interactions with some professionals are disempowering and depersonalized [SF2]; Effective communication, specialist knowledge and an individualized approach to information provision is needed [SF3]; Indicators of success vary and may not be clear [SF4]; Informal support from family/friends is valued [SF5]; Opportunities for peer support/social interaction is valued [SF6]; Coordination required to ensure continuity during transition to community [SF7].Conclusion: Patient reported experiences identified common factors associated with process quality (respect, choice, autonomy, information provision, communication) and activities of patient centered care (personalized care, shared decision-making, self-management support) despite heterogeneity of neurological conditions, service configurations, and geographical location. These factors impact quality of life.Implications for RehabilitationPatient reported experiences provide useful information about courtesy, respect, choice, autonomy, information provision, and communication.Outcomes of self-efficacy and self-management are important for people with stable and progressive long-term neurological conditions.Interactions with individual professionals influence engagement, self-efficacy, and self-management for people with long-term neurological conditions.Training for health and social care professionals should develop the advanced communication skills and behavior required to facilitate self-efficacy and self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Jackson
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Sharon Hamilton
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.,Teesside Centre for Evidence Informed Practice: A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Susan Jones
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Steven Barr
- School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK
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Bagci SC, Turnuklu A, Bekmezci E. The buffering role of in-group identification and intergroup contact on the association between perceived discrimination and mental health. JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY & APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/casp.2357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Abbas Turnuklu
- Department of Psychology; Dokuz Eylül University; Konak/İzmir Turkey
| | - Eyup Bekmezci
- Izmir Balcova Public Education Centre; Balçova Turkey
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Wakefield JRH, Sani F, Herrera M. Greater University Identification-But not Greater Contact-Leads to More Life Satisfaction: Evidence from a Spanish Longitudinal Study. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2018; 10:330-344. [PMID: 29624872 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing body of literature has highlighted the relationship between group identification (a subjective sense of belonging to one's social group, coupled with a subjective sense of commonality with the group's members) and well-being. However, little of this work is longitudinal, and few studies address reciprocal causality or control for intensity of contact with fellow group members. METHOD We investigated the effect of university identification on satisfaction with life (SWL) over time (and vice versa) in 216 Spanish undergraduates, with seven months between T1 and T2. RESULTS While greater university identification T1 predicted higher SWL T2, SWL T1 did not predict university identification T2. University contact T1 was unrelated to SWL T2. CONCLUSIONS These results show that university identification impacts positively on SWL over time (rather than SWL impacting positively on university identification over time), and this is not reducible to the effects exerted by university contact. The implications for those who work with students are discussed.
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Borek AJ, Abraham C. How do Small Groups Promote Behaviour Change? An Integrative Conceptual Review of Explanatory Mechanisms. Appl Psychol Health Well Being 2018; 10:30-61. [PMID: 29446250 DOI: 10.1111/aphw.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Small groups are used to promote health, well-being, and personal change by altering members' perceptions, beliefs, expectations, and behaviour patterns. An extensive cross-disciplinary literature has articulated and tested theories explaining how such groups develop, function, and facilitate change. Yet these theoretical understandings are rarely applied in the development, description, and evaluation of health-promotion, group-based, behaviour-change interventions. METHODS Medline database, library catalogues, search engines, specific journals and reference lists were searched for relevant texts. Texts were reviewed for explanatory concepts or theories describing change processes in groups, which were integrated into the developing conceptual structure. This was designed to be a parsimonious conceptual framework that could be applied to design and delivery. RESULTS Five categories of interacting processes and concepts were identified and defined: (1) group development processes, (2) dynamic group processes, (3) social change processes, (4) personal change processes, and (5) group design and operating parameters. Each of these categories encompasses a variety of theorised mechanisms explaining individual change in small groups. CONCLUSION The final conceptual model, together with the design issues and practical recommendations derived from it, provides a practical basis for linking research and theory explaining group functioning to optimal design of group-based, behaviour-change interventions.
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McIntyre JC, Worsley J, Corcoran R, Harrison Woods P, Bentall RP. Academic and non-academic predictors of student psychological distress: the role of social identity and loneliness. J Ment Health 2018; 27:230-239. [PMID: 29436883 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1437608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND University students experience high rates of stress and mental illness; however, few studies have comprehensively examined the impact of academic and non-academic stressors on student mental health. Similarly, there has been little focus on the role of social groups in protecting against mental distress in this young adult group. AIM To identify the key social determinants of mental health symptoms in a student population. METHODS Using an online survey, we administered measures of social connectedness and mental health symptoms alongside academic and non-academic stressors to a large sample of UK university students. RESULTS Loneliness was the strongest overall predictor of mental distress, while assessment stress was the most important academic predictor. Strong identification with university friendship groups was most protective against distress relative to other social identities, and the beneficial impact of identification on symptoms was mediated by reduced loneliness. CONCLUSIONS The study highlights the benefits of establishing strong social connections at university and the importance of minimising stress associated with assessment tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason C McIntyre
- a Institute of Psychology, Health and Society , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Joanne Worsley
- a Institute of Psychology, Health and Society , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Rhiannon Corcoran
- a Institute of Psychology, Health and Society , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK
| | - Paula Harrison Woods
- b Student Administration and Support Division , University of Liverpool , Liverpool , UK , and
| | - Richard P Bentall
- c Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology Unit , The University of Sheffield , Sheffield , UK
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Distinct cognitive impairments in different disease courses of multiple sclerosis—A systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2017; 83:568-578. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Cientanni F, Power K, Sani F, Wright C, Baty F, Hustings K, Morgan D, Tanner G. Comparing social group identifications and socioeconomic deprivation as predictors of psychological distress: Evidence from a Scottish primary care sample. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 56:705-722. [PMID: 28741679 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Social group identification and socioeconomic deprivation have both been linked to self-reported depressive symptoms in general population samples; however, no study to date has explored the strength of the joint predictive value of these factors within a mental health population. The current study explored the impact of social group identifications and socioeconomic deprivation, together with important clinical and demographic variables, on psychological distress in a Scottish mental health sample. Participants (N = 976) were recruited from referrals to a computerized cognitive behavioural therapy (cCBT) programme in Scotland, 'Beating the Blues' (BtB) over a 25-month period. Participants completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) as a measure of psychological distress and three versions of the group identifications scale (GIS), one for each of three groups: family, community, and a social group of choice. Demographic information and clinical information were collected on commencing BtB. Higher numbers of group identifications were significantly associated with lower psychological distress. Additionally, increased socioeconomic deprivation was significantly associated with more severe psychological distress; however, interestingly, the association was not as strong as that of group identifications. Identifying with fewer social groups predicts more severe psychological symptom presentations, even more so than living in a greater state of socioeconomic deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kevin Power
- NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK.,University of Stirling, UK
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Costa DC, Sá MJ, Calheiros JM. Social support network and quality of life in multiple sclerosis patients. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 2017; 75:267-271. [PMID: 28591384 DOI: 10.1590/0004-282x20170036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective To analyse the relationship between the social support network (SSN) and health related quality of life (HRQOL) in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Methods The sample comprised 150 consecutive MS patients attending our MS clinic. To assess the socio-demographic data, a specifically designed questionnaire was applied. The HRQOL dimensions were measured with the Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire-SF36 and the SSN with the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Spearman's correlation was used to compare the magnitude of the relationship between the SSN and HRQOL. Results The mean patient age was 41.7 years (± 10.4; range: 18-70 yr); the mean Expanded Disability Status Score was 2.5 (±2.4; range: 0-9). There was a statistically significant correlation between the structure of the SSN and the HRQOL. Conclusion The composition of the SSN, social group membership and participation in voluntary work have an important role in the HRQOL of patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria José Sá
- Centro Hospitalar São João, Departamento de Neurologia, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade Fernando Pessoa, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde, Porto, Portugal
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Miller K, Wakefield JRH, Sani F. On the reciprocal effects between multiple group identifications and mental health: A longitudinal study of Scottish adolescents. BRITISH JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 56:357-371. [DOI: 10.1111/bjc.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Juliet R. H. Wakefield
- Department of Psychology; College of Business Law & Social Sciences; School of Social Sciences; Nottingham Trent University; UK
| | - Fabio Sani
- School of Social Sciences; University of Dundee; UK
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Sani F, Wakefield JRH, Herrera M, Zeybek A. On the Association Between Greater Family Identification and Lower Paranoid Ideation Among Non-Clinical Individuals: Evidence From Cypriot and Spanish Students. JOURNAL OF SOCIAL AND CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1521/jscp.2017.36.5.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Tarrant M, Khan SS, Farrow CV, Shah P, Daly M, Kos K. Patient experiences of a bariatric group programme for managing obesity: A qualitative interview study. Br J Health Psychol 2016; 22:77-93. [DOI: 10.1111/bjhp.12218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tarrant
- University of Exeter Medical School; University of Exeter; UK
| | - Sammyh S. Khan
- University of Exeter Medical School; University of Exeter; UK
- School of Psychology; Keele University; UK
| | | | - Pooja Shah
- University of Exeter Medical School; University of Exeter; UK
| | - Mark Daly
- University of Exeter Medical School; University of Exeter; UK
- Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust; Exeter UK
| | - Katarina Kos
- University of Exeter Medical School; University of Exeter; UK
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40
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Post-traumatic growth enhances social identification in liver transplant patients: A longitudinal study. J Psychosom Res 2016; 88:28-32. [PMID: 27521649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2016.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The main aim of this paper is to investigate the prediction that greater subjective identification with relevant groups and social categories (i.e. 'family' and 'transplantees') can be an outcome of post-traumatic growth (PTG). To date there are no studies that have explored these relationships. METHODS A longitudinal study was conducted with a group of 100 liver transplant patients from the outpatient populations of the participating centre. Data were collected by means of a self-report questionnaire, which was completed at two different time points (T1 and T2) that were 24months apart. PTG was assessed using the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory, while both transplantee and family identification were assessed using group identification scales. A path model was tested, using a structural equation model (SEM) approach, to examine the reciprocal effects among family identification, transplantee identification, and PTG over time. RESULTS As predicted, we found that greater PTG T1 predicted both greater family identification T2 and marginally greater transplantee identification T2. However, the two identification variables did not predict PTG over time. CONCLUSIONS The results show that family identification and transplantee identification may be outcomes of the PTG process, confirming the importance of adopting a thriving multidimensional model of adjustment to medical illness, whereby people facing adverse life events, such as transplantation, may flourish rather than deteriorate psychologically.
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Meuret AE, Chmielewski M, Steele AM, Rosenfield D, Petersen S, Smits JAJ, Simon NM, Otto MW, Marques L, Pollack MH, Hofmann SG. The desire to belong: Social identification as a predictor of treatment outcome in social anxiety disorder. Behav Res Ther 2016; 81:21-34. [PMID: 27070526 PMCID: PMC5553121 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2016.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Perception of personal identity cannot be separated from the perception of the social context and one's social identity. Full involvement in group psychotherapy may require not only the awareness of personal impairment, but also social identification. The aim of the current study was to examine the association between social identification and symptom improvement in group-based psychotherapy. METHOD 169 participants received 12 sessions of group-based cognitive behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. Social identification, the extent to which a person identifies with those who suffer from the same psychological problem as themselves and/or with those lacking psychopathology (non-sufferers), and clinical outcome were assessed at baseline, mid-and posttreatment, and 1, 3, and 6-months follow-up. RESULTS At baseline, patients aspired for closeness with non-sufferers, and viewed themselves as distant from fellow sufferers and non-sufferers. After treatment, participants viewed not only themselves, but also other individuals with social anxiety, as closer to both non-sufferers and fellow sufferers. These ratings were related to clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The increase in closeness to both sufferers and non-sufferers across treatment may reflect a movement towards a more tolerant, less dichotomous and rigid, separation of ill and healthy that occurs with successful social anxiety treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia E Meuret
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, United states.
| | | | - Ashton M Steele
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, United states
| | - David Rosenfield
- Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, United states
| | - Sibylle Petersen
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jasper A J Smits
- Department of Psychology and Institute for Mental Health Research, University of Texas at Austin, United states
| | - Naomi M Simon
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United states
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United states
| | - Luana Marques
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, United states
| | - Mark H Pollack
- Department of Psychiatry, Rush Medical School, United states
| | - Stefan G Hofmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, United states
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Miller K, Wakefield JRH, Sani F. Greater number of group identifications is associated with healthier behaviour in adolescents. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016; 34:291-305. [DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fabio Sani
- School of Psychology; University of Dundee; UK
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Tarrant M, Warmoth K, Code C, Dean S, Goodwin VA, Stein K, Sugavanam T. Creating psychological connections between intervention recipients: development and focus group evaluation of a group singing session for people with aphasia. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e009652. [PMID: 26908519 PMCID: PMC4769399 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study sought to identify key design features that could be used to create a new framework for group-based health interventions. We designed and tested the first session of a group intervention for stroke survivors with aphasia which was aimed at nurturing new psychological connections between group members. SETTING The intervention session, a participant focus group and interviews with intervention facilitators were held in a local community music centre in the South West of England. PARTICIPANTS A convenience sample of 10 community-dwelling people with poststroke aphasia participated in the session. Severity of aphasia was not considered for inclusion. INTERVENTION Participants took part in a 90-min group singing session which involved singing songs from a specially prepared song book. Musical accompaniment was provided by the facilitators. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Participants and group facilitators reported their experiences of participating in the session, with a focus on activities within the session related to the intervention aims. Researcher observations of the session were also made. RESULTS Two themes emerged from the analysis, concerning experiences of the session ('developing a sense of group belonging') and perceptions of its design and delivery ('creating the conditions for engagement'). Participants described an emerging sense of shared social identity as a member of the intervention group and identified fixed (eg, group size, session breaks) and flexible (eg, facilitator responsiveness) features of the session which contributed to this emergence. Facilitator interviews and researcher observations corroborated and expanded participant reports. CONCLUSIONS Engagement with health intervention content may be enhanced in group settings when intervention participants begin to establish positive and meaningful psychological connections with other group members. Understanding and actively nurturing these connections should be a core feature of a general framework for the design and delivery of group interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Tarrant
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Peninsula Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (PenCLAHRC), South West Peninsula, UK
| | - Krystal Warmoth
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Chris Code
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Clinical Neuropsychology Research, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah Dean
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Peninsula Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (PenCLAHRC), South West Peninsula, UK
| | - Victoria A Goodwin
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Peninsula Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (PenCLAHRC), South West Peninsula, UK
| | - Ken Stein
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Peninsula Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (PenCLAHRC), South West Peninsula, UK
| | - Thavapriya Sugavanam
- Peninsula Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (PenCLAHRC), South West Peninsula, UK
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
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Cruwys T, Gunaseelan S. "Depression is who I am": Mental illness identity, stigma and wellbeing. J Affect Disord 2016; 189:36-42. [PMID: 26402345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has found that in the face of discrimination, people tend to identify more strongly with stigmatized groups. Social identification can, in turn, buffer wellbeing against the negative consequences of discrimination. However, this rejection identification model has never been tested in the context of mental illness identity. METHODS A survey was conducted with 250 people with diagnosed depression or current symptoms of at least moderate clinical severity. RESULTS Experiencing mental illness stigma was associated with poorer wellbeing. Furthermore, people who had experienced such stigma were more likely to identify as a depressed person. Social identification as depressed magnified, rather than buffered, the relationship between stigma and reduced wellbeing. This relationship was moderated by perceived social norms of the depressed group for engaging in depressive thoughts and behaviors. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that mental illness stigma is a double-edged sword: as well as the direct harms for wellbeing, by increasing identification with other mental illness sufferers, stigma might expose sufferers to harmful social influence processes.
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Wakefield JRH, Sani F, Herrera M, Khan SS, Dugard P. Greater family identification-but not greater contact with family members-leads to better health: Evidence from a Spanish longitudinal study. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Sani
- School of Psychology; University of Dundee; UK
| | - Marina Herrera
- Department of Social Psychology; University of Valencia; Spain
| | | | - Pat Dugard
- School of Psychology; University of Dundee; UK
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Sani F, Madhok V, Norbury M, Dugard P, Wakefield JRH. Greater number of group identifications is associated with lower odds of being depressed: evidence from a Scottish community sample. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2015; 50:1389-97. [PMID: 26058588 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-015-1076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Group identification has been shown to be associated with reduced risk of depression, but this research has important limitations. Our aim was to establish a robust link between group identification and depression whilst overcoming previous studies' shortcomings. METHODS 1824 participants, recruited from General Practice throughout Scotland, completed a questionnaire measuring their identification with three groups (family, community, and a group of their choice), as well as their intensity of contact with each group. They also completed a self-rated depression measure and provided demographic information. Their medical records were also accessed to determine if they had been prescribed antidepressants in the previous 6 months. RESULTS The number of group identifications was associated with both lower self-rated depression and lower odds of having received a prescription for antidepressants, even after controlling for the number of contact-intensive groups, level of education, gender, age, and relationship status. CONCLUSIONS Identifying with multiple groups may help to protect individuals against depression. This highlights the potential importance of social prescriptions, where health professionals encourage a depressed patient to become a member of one or more groups with which the patient believes he/she would be likely to identify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Sani
- School of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK.
| | | | - Michael Norbury
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Raven Song Community Health Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Pat Dugard
- School of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
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Miller K, Wakefield JRH, Sani F. Identification with social groups is associated with mental health in adolescents: Evidence from a Scottish community sample. Psychiatry Res 2015; 228:340-6. [PMID: 26163720 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2015.05.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The promotion and maintenance of mental health is an increasingly important societal issue. Previous research has shown that identification with social groups is positively associated with adult mental wellbeing, with multiple group identifications being particularly beneficial. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether the same is true for adolescents. 1111 Scottish secondary school students aged 13-17 completed a questionnaire investigating mental health symptoms and the extent of their identification with their family, school, and friendship groups. Higher identification with each group predicted better mental health. There was also an additive effect of group identification, with the odds of reporting psychiatric disturbance decreasing for every additional group with which participants identified strongly. These effects held even when age, gender, and group contact were controlled for. Our findings have implications for the prevention and treatment of mental problems, offering an alternative to traditional ways of viewing mental illness in adolescence and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Miller
- School of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland.
| | | | - Fabio Sani
- School of Psychology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland
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Naughton CM, O'Donnell AT, Muldoon OT. Family identification: a beneficial process for young adults who grow up in homes affected by parental intimate partner violence. Front Psychol 2015; 6:1249. [PMID: 26379582 PMCID: PMC4548083 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to parental intimate partner violence (parental IPV) is a complex trauma. Research within social psychology establishes that identification with social groups impacts positively on how we appraise, respond to and recover from traumatic events. IPV is also a highly stigmatized social phenomenon and social isolation is a major factor for families affected by IPV, yet strong identification with the family group may act as a beneficial psychological resource to young people who grew up in homes affected by IPV. The current study, an online survey of 355 students (Mage = 20, 70% female), investigated if a psychosocial process, specifically identification with the family, may influence the relationship between the predictor, exposure to parental IPV, and outcomes, global self-esteem and state anxiety. Mediation analysis suggests that identification with the family has a positive influence on the relationship between exposure to parental IPV and psychological outcomes; exposure to parental IPV results in reduced family identification, but when family identification is strong it results in both reduced anxiety and increased self-esteem for young people. The findings highlight the importance of having a strong sense of belonging to the extended family for young people who were exposed to parental IPV, thus has implications for prevention, intervention, and social policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Naughton
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick Ireland
| | - Aisling T O'Donnell
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick Ireland
| | - Orla T Muldoon
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Social Issues Research, University of Limerick, Limerick Ireland
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Upton D, Taylor C. What are the support needs of men with multiple sclerosis, and are they being met? Int J MS Care 2015; 17:9-12. [PMID: 25741222 PMCID: PMC4338643 DOI: 10.7224/1537-2073.2013-044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic, degenerative condition of the central nervous system that can lead to high levels of disability and a range of psychological and social problems. Although considerable research has been conducted on the experience of living with MS and the disease's psychosocial consequences, much of this has focused on women, with the male perspective seldom considered. It is possible, therefore, that men differ from women in how they experience MS and the type of support or interventions that meet their needs. METHODS A literature review was undertaken to identify the specific support needs of men with MS, describe current support available to men with MS, and evaluate the extent to which these needs are met by current service provision. RESULTS The literature reviewed suggests that the needs of men with MS are different from those of women in terms of psychological factors such as well-being and mental health and support. CONCLUSIONS If interventions are to be evidence based, health-care professionals need to take into account the needs, desires, and capabilities of men with MS in the development of services. Further qualitative and quantitative research is required to address the gaps in the evidence base of support needs for men with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic Upton
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
| | - Charlotte Taylor
- Institute of Health and Society, University of Worcester, Worcester, UK
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50
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Walsh RS, Muldoon OT, Gallagher S, Fortune DG. Affiliative and "self-as-doer" identities: Relationships between social identity, social support, and emotional status amongst survivors of acquired brain injury (ABI). Neuropsychol Rehabil 2014; 25:555-73. [PMID: 25517078 DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2014.993658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Social support is an important factor in rehabilitation following acquired brain injury (ABI). Research indicates that social identity makes social support possible and that social identity is made possible by social support. In order to further investigate the reciprocity between social identity and social support, the present research applied the concepts of affiliative and "self-as-doer" identities to an analysis of relationships between social identity, social support, and emotional status amongst a cohort of 53 adult survivors of ABI engaged in post-acute community neurorehabilitation. Path analysis was used to test a hypothesised mediated model whereby affiliative identities have a significant indirect relationship with emotional status via social support and self-as-doer identification. Results support the hypothesised model. Evidence supports an "upward spiral" between social identity and social support such that affiliative identity makes social support possible and social support drives self-as-doer identity. Our discussion emphasises the importance of identity characteristics to social support, and to emotional status, for those living with ABI.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Stephen Walsh
- a Department of Psychology , University of Limerick , Limerick , Ireland
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