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Zheng F, Jia R, Ye J, Li M, Zhang Y, Xu G, Zhang L. Prediction of specific structural damage to the knee joint using qualitative isokinetic analysis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2024; 25:382. [PMID: 38745166 PMCID: PMC11091992 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-024-07434-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An isokinetic moment curve (IMC) pattern-damaged structure prediction model may be of considerable value in assisting the diagnosis of knee injuries in clinical scenarios. This study aimed to explore the association between irregular IMC patterns and specific structural damages in the knee, including anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, meniscus (MS) injury, and patellofemoral joint (PFJ) lesions, and to develop an IMC pattern-damaged structure prediction model. METHODS A total of 94 subjects were enrolled in this study and underwent isokinetic testing of the knee joint (5 consecutive flexion-extension movements within the range of motion of 90°-10°, 60°/s). Qualitative analysis of the IMCs for all subjects was completed by two blinded examiners. A multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to investigate whether a specific abnormal curve pattern was associated with specific knee structural injuries and to test the predictive effectiveness of IMC patterns for specific structural damage in the knee. RESULTS The results of the multinomial logistic regression revealed a significant association between the irregular IMC patterns of the knee extensors and specific structural damages ("Valley" - ACL, PFJ, and ACL + MS, "Drop" - ACL, and ACL + MS, "Shaking" - ACL, MS, PFJ, and ACL + MS). The accuracy and Macro-averaged F1 score of the predicting model were 56.1% and 0.426, respectively. CONCLUSION The associations between irregular IMC patterns and specific knee structural injuries were identified. However, the accuracy and Macro-averaged F1 score of the established predictive model indicated its relatively low predictive efficacy. For the development of a more accurate predictive model, it may be essential to incorporate angle-specific and/or speed-specific analyses of qualitative and quantitative data in isokinetic testing. Furthermore, the utilization of artificial intelligence image recognition technology may prove beneficial for analyzing large datasets in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feisheng Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Jia
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jinqun Ye
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Division of Joint Osteopathy and Traumatology, Center of Orthopedics Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunping Zhang
- Clinical Medical College of Acupuncture moxibustion and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guangqing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Wållgren JO, Ferré-Aniorte A, Senorski EH, Veznaver D, Snaebjornsson T, Samuelsson K, Alentorn-Geli E. Does Playing Football (Soccer) Really Increase the Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis? A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024; 54:1-12. [PMID: 38406871 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2024.12029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between football (soccer) participation and tibiofemoral knee osteoarthritis (OA), considering the influence of competitive level and previous knee injuries. DESIGN: Etiology systematic review with meta-analysis. LITERATURE SEARCH: PubMed, Embase, AMED, and Cochrane were searched for relevant publications. STUDY SELECTION CRITERIA: Studies of football players that included a control group consisting of mainly sedentary nonfootball players, and the relationship of knee OA, were considered. The studies had to report radiographically verified knee OA and specify football activity. DATA SYNTHESIS: Eleven studies, involving 1805 football players and 4022 control individuals were included. Subgroups consisting of data regarding level of play and previous injuries were also synthesized. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of knee OA among football players was increased among professional and recreational players, compared with controls. When knee injuries were excluded, there was no difference in knee OA between football players and controls (OR = 1.25; 95% CI: 0.61, 2.54). Football players with a previous knee injury had a greater risk of knee OA when compared with football players with no history of previous knee injury (OR = 4.16; 95% CI: 1.97, 8.77). CONCLUSION: Football players were at increased risk of knee OA. However, after excluding participants with a history of previous knee injury, there were no differences in knee OA between football players and controls. Previous knee injury was important for developing knee OA. Playing football, in the absence of major knee injuries, did not increase the risk of knee OA. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2024;54(5):1-12. Epub 26 February 2024. doi:10.2519/jospt.2024.12029.
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3
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Voorheis P, Silver M, Consonni J. Adaptation to life after sport for retired athletes: A scoping review of existing reviews and programs. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0291683. [PMID: 37733723 PMCID: PMC10513329 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Retirement from sport is a life transition that has significant implications for athletes' physical and mental health, as well as their social and professional development. Although extensive work has been done to review the retirement experiences of athletes, relatively less work has been done to examine and reflect on this expansive body of literature with a pragmatic aim of deciding what needs to happen to better support retiring athletes. This study used scoping review methodology to review current academic reviews, gray literature articles, and support programs on athletic retirement. This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute reviewer's manual guide on scoping reviews and adhered to the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Academic articles were identified from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Scopus. Gray literature articles and support programs were identified using advanced Google searches. This study identified 23 academic reviews, 44 gray literature articles, and 15 support programs. Generally, the results suggest that athletic retirement encompasses a drastic shift in identity, a loss of social networks, a lack of career ambitions, and potential risks to physical and mental health. While there was a gap in the academic literature regarding practical strategies to support retiring athletes, the gray literature suggests many creative ideas. Stepwise programming may be beneficial to help athletes: (a) make sense of their athletic experience and see retirement as an ongoing process; (b) develop a well-rounded sense of self identity and understand how to apply their unique skills and strengths in new ways; (3) gain control over their retirement transition by establishing a clear plan and adjusting to new routines and opportunities; and (4) normalize the transition experience by "living in the next" and building confidence in new life directions. Future research may benefit from developing and evaluating more programming to support athletes through the retirement transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Voorheis
- Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michelle Silver
- Institute for Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Health & Society, University of Toronto, Scarborough, ON, Canada
| | - Josie Consonni
- College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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4
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Pillay L, Janse van Rensburg DC, Ramkilawon G, Maas M, Orhant E, Rantanen J, Salo J, Kerkhoffs G, Gouttebarge V. Determination of the Prevalence of Knee and Hip Clinical Osteoarthritis in the Active Professional Male Footballer and Its Association with Pain, Function, Injury and Surgery. Sports (Basel) 2023; 11:136. [PMID: 37505623 PMCID: PMC10385669 DOI: 10.3390/sports11070136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To comment on and explore (1) the prevalence of clinical knee and hip osteoarthritis (OA); (2) the association between pain or function and clinical knee or hip OA; (3) the association between injury or surgery and clinical knee or hip OA. METHODS Participants were recruited from FIFPRO members. A total of 101 footballers consented to answer (1) a developed questionnaire, (2) patient-reported outcome measures, and (3) be evaluated by their team physician for clinical knee or hip OA. RESULTS Of the 53% evaluated for clinical knee and hip OA, a prevalence of 9.43% and 7.55% of knee and hip OA, respectively, was found. There was a significant and strong association between knee (p = 0.033; Cramers v Value = 0.523) and hip pain (p = 0.005; Cramers v Value = 0.602) and clinical OA. A significant association existed between Hip dysfunction and Osteoarthritis Outcome short form Scores and clinical OA of the hip (p = 0.036). The odds of clinical knee OA were 1.5 and 4.5 times more after one or more injuries or surgeries, respectively. There was no association between playing position and clinical OA. CONCLUSION There is a low prevalence of a clinical knee or hip OA in the active professional male footballer. Pain may be a valid symptom to predict or monitor knee or hip OA. Validated assessment tools should be utilised to identify a negative effect on function. The odds of developing clinical OA in the knee with the number of injuries or surgeries. The hip presents with earlier clinical signs of OA compared to the knee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lervasen Pillay
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.P.)
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Dina C. Janse van Rensburg
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Gopika Ramkilawon
- Department of Statistics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
| | - Mario Maas
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Aging & Vitality, Musculoskeletal Health, Sports, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center of Excellence, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Orhant
- French Football Federation (FFF), Clairefontaine Medical Centre, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, 93216 Clairefontaine, France
| | - Jussi Rantanen
- Orthopaedics and Sports Clinic, Mehilainen NEO Hospital, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Salo
- Sports Hospital Mehilainen, 41400 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gino Kerkhoffs
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.P.)
- Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Aging & Vitality, Musculoskeletal Health, Sports, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center of Excellence, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Sports Medicine, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.P.)
- Section Sports Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South Africa
- Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine (ACES), 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Aging & Vitality, Musculoskeletal Health, Sports, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), IOC Research Center of Excellence, 1105 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Football Players Worldwide (FIFPRO), 2132 Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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5
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Hong CC, Calder J. The Burden of the "Simple Ankle Sprains": A Review of the Epidemiology and Long-Term Impact. Foot Ankle Clin 2023; 28:187-200. [PMID: 37137618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fcl.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Lateral ankle sprain (LAS) is not as simple as it was believed to be as it has substantial negative impacts on the active sporting population. The negative impact on physical function, quality of life (QoL) and economic burden is significant with increased risk of reinjury, development of chronic lateral ankle instability and posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis resulting in functional deficits, decreased QoL and chronic disabilities. Economic burden from a societal perspective demonstrated notably higher indirect costs from productivity loss. Preventative interventions with early surgery for a selective cohort of active sporting population may be considered to mitigate morbidities associated with LAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choon Chiet Hong
- Fortius Clinic (FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence), 17 Fitzhardinge Street, London, W1H 6EQ, UK; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital of Singapore, 1E, Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119228, Singapore.
| | - James Calder
- Fortius Clinic (FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence), 17 Fitzhardinge Street, London, W1H 6EQ, UK; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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6
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Osteoarthritis Risks and Sports: An Evidence-based Systematic Review. Sports Med Arthrosc Rev 2022; 30:118-140. [PMID: 35921595 DOI: 10.1097/jsa.0000000000000351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Regular sports activities are associated with multiple physical and psychological health benefits. However, sports also may lead to injuries and the development of osteoarthritis (OA). This systematic review investigated the association between sports activity, sports type, and the risk of developing OA. METHODS A systematic review was performed by assessing studies that have investigated the risk of OA development in sports. Data extracted included general information, study design, number of participants, related body mass index, sports type, and assessment of OA. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. RESULTS A total of 63 studies were included in this systematic review. The overall Newcastle-Ottawa Scale score was 6.46±1.44 demonstrating a good methodological quality of the articles included in the present study. A total of 628,036 participants were included, with a mean follow-up of 8.0±8.4 years. The mean age of the included athletes was 45.6±15.8, with a mean body mass index of 24.9±2.3 kg/m 2 . CONCLUSION Football and soccer players seem to be at higher risk for the development of OA, although the injury status of the joint should be considered when assessing the risk of OA. High equipment weight and increased injury risk also put military personnel at a higher risk of OA, although elite dancing leads to more hip labral tears. Femoroacetabular impingement was also often diagnosed in ice-hockey players and ballet dancers.
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7
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Salucci S, Falcieri E, Battistelli M. Chondrocyte death involvement in osteoarthritis. Cell Tissue Res 2022; 389:159-170. [PMID: 35614364 PMCID: PMC9287242 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-022-03639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chondrocyte apoptosis is known to contribute to articular cartilage damage in osteoarthritis and is correlated to a number of cartilage disorders. Micromass cultures represent a convenient means for studying chondrocyte biology, and, in particular, their death. In this review, we focused the different kinds of chondrocyte death through a comparison between data reported in the literature. Chondrocytes show necrotic features and, occasionally, also apoptotic features, but usually undergo a new form of cell death called Chondroptosis, which occurs in a non-classical manner. Chondroptosis has some features in common with classical apoptosis, such as cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, and involvement, not always, of caspases. The most crucial peculiarity of chondroptosis relates to the ultimate elimination of cellular remnants. Independent of phagocytosis, chondroptosis may serve to eliminate cells without inflammation in situations in which phagocytosis would be difficult. This particular death mechanism is probably due to the unusual condition chondrocytes both in vivo and in micromass culture. This review highlights on the morpho-fuctional alterations of articular cartilage and focus attention on various types of chondrocyte death involved in this degeneration. The death features have been detailed and discussed through in vitro studies based on tridimensional chondrocyte culture (micromasses culture). The study of this particular mechanism of cartilage death and the characterization of different biological and biochemical underlying mechanisms can lead to the identification of new potentially therapeutic targets in various joint diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Salucci
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Via Cà le Suore, 2, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy.,Cellular Signalling Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - E Falcieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Via Cà le Suore, 2, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy
| | - M Battistelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences (DiSB), Urbino University Carlo Bo, Via Cà le Suore, 2, Campus Scientifico Enrico Mattei, 61029, Urbino (PU), Italy.
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8
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Carmody S, Anemaat K, Massey A, Kerkhoffs G, Gouttebarge V. Health conditions among retired professional footballers: a scoping review. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2022; 8:e001196. [PMID: 35528132 PMCID: PMC9036466 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2021-001196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To conduct a scoping review providing an overview of the health conditions occuring in retired male and female professional footballers, with an emphasis on musculoskeletal, mental, neurocognitive, cardiovascular and reproductive health conditions. Methods In January 2022, a comprehensive systematic literature search in three databases (MEDLINE via PubMed, SPORTDiscus via EBSCOhost and EMBASE) was conducted for common health conditions among retired male and female professional footballers. Primary research studies (full text available online) which described the incidence or prevalence of a health condition (musculoskeletal, mental, neurocognitive, cardiovascular, reproductive) among retired male and female professional footballers were included for review. Case reports, qualitative research and grey literature were omitted. Results In total, 917 eligible articles were identified from the databases, with 41 meeting the eligibility criteria. Osteoarthritis of the hip, knee and ankle were found to be common among retired professional footballers. Mental health symptoms (eg, anxiety, depression) are experienced by retired male and female professional footballers. The incidence of neurocognitive disease appears to be higher among retired male professional footballers than among matched controls. There is very limited evidence examining the presence of health conditions in retired female professional footballers. Conclusion Osteoarthritis of the lower limb, musculoskeletal pain and mental health symptoms are common among retired professional footballers. Knowledge about the occurrence and timing of musculoskeletal, mental health and neurocognitive conditions among retired professional footballers can be used by a wide range of stakeholders to proactively intervene during and after a player’s career to mitigate risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Carmody
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Orthopedic Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Medical Department, Chelsea Football Club, London, UK
| | - Karlijn Anemaat
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Orthopedic Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew Massey
- Medical Department, Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Gino Kerkhoffs
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Orthopedic Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Sports, Ageing & Vitality, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Orthopedic Surgery, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Section Sports Medicine, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Football Players Worldwide (FIFPRO), Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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9
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Espahbodi S, Fernandes G, Hogervorst E, Thanoon A, Batt M, Fuller CW, Fuller G, Ferguson E, Bast T, Doherty M, Zhang W. Foot and ankle Osteoarthritis and Cognitive impairment in retired UK Soccer players (FOCUS): protocol for a cross-sectional comparative study with general population controls. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054371. [PMID: 35379624 PMCID: PMC8981329 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Professional footballers commonly experience sports-related injury and repetitive microtrauma to the foot and ankle, placing them at risk of subsequent chronic pain and osteoarthritis (OA) of the foot and ankle. Similarly, repeated heading of the ball, head/neck injuries and concussion have been implicated in later development of neurodegenerative diseases such as dementia. A recent retrospective study found that death from neurodegenerative diseases was higher among former professional soccer players compared with age matched controls. However, well-designed lifetime studies are still needed to provide evidence regarding the prevalence of these conditions and their associated risk factors in retired professional football players compared with the general male population. OBJECTIVES To determine whether former professional male footballers have a higher prevalence than the general male population of: (1) foot/ankle pain and radiographic OA; and (2) cognitive and motor impairments associated with dementia and Parkinson's disease. Secondary objectives are to identify specific football-related risk factors such as head impact/concussion for neurodegenerative conditions and foot/ankle injuries for chronic foot/ankle pain and OA. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a cross-sectional, comparative study involving a questionnaire survey with subsamples of responders being assessed for cognitive function by telephone assessment, and foot/ankle OA by radiographic examination. A sample of 900 adult, male, ex professional footballers will be recruited and compared with a control group of 1100 age-matched general population men between 40 and 100 years old. Prevalence will be estimated per group. Poisson regression will be performed to determine prevalence ratio between the populations and logistic regression will be used to examine risk factors associated with each condition in footballers. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study was approved by the East Midlands-Leicester Central Research Ethics Committee on 23 January 2020 (REC ref: 19/EM/0354). The study results will be disseminated at national and international meetings and submitted for peer-review publication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shima Espahbodi
- Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Gwen Fernandes
- Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Eef Hogervorst
- NCSEM, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Ahmed Thanoon
- Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Batt
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Sports Medicine, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Gordon Fuller
- Centre for Urgent and Emergency Research, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eamonn Ferguson
- Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Tobias Bast
- Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- Neuroscience@Nottingham, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
| | - Michael Doherty
- Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Weiya Zhang
- Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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10
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Magosch A, Urhausen AP, Mouton C, Tischer T, Seil R. Das Knie im Spitzensport. ARTHROSKOPIE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00142-022-00517-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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11
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The Neuromatrix Theory of Pain and Transactional Theory of Stress and Coping: Improving Understanding of Pain Catastrophizing in Individuals With ACL Reconstruction and Knee Osteoarthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ATHLETIC THERAPY AND TRAINING 2022. [DOI: 10.1123/ijatt.2022-0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and early knee osteoarthritis symptoms commonly exhibit psychological impairments, such as pain catastrophizing. Pain catastrophizing is a negative cognitive–affective response to anticipated or actual pain and has been linked to greater pain intensity and decreased function in this population. However, an examination of the neuromatrix theory of pain and the transactional theory of stress and coping may help to explain the development and consequences of pain catastrophizing in individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and early knee osteoarthritis symptoms. Exploration of these theoretical models will help clinicians better understand the impact of pain catastrophizing on post-injury outcomes, as well as help to identify intervention strategies to address maladaptive psychological responses and improve outcomes for individuals with anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and early knee osteoarthritis symptoms.
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12
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Paget LD, Tol JL, Kerkhoffs GM, Reurink G. Health-Related Quality of Life in Ankle Osteoarthritis: A Case-Control Study. Cartilage 2021; 13:1438S-1444S. [PMID: 34165357 PMCID: PMC8808799 DOI: 10.1177/19476035211025814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ankle osteoarthritis (OA) has a prevalence of 3.4% in the general population of which 70% to 78% is posttraumatic, affecting younger patients with a longer projected life span compared with hip and knee OA. The current literature reports the physical and mental quality of life (QoL) of patients with ankle OA, to be similar to end-stage hip OA, end-stage kidney disease and digestive heart failure. However, the QoL of ankle OA patients has not yet been determined compared with a matched control group representing the general population. Our aim is to determine the physical and mental QoL compared with a matched control group. DESIGN The Physical and Mental Component Summaries of the Short Form-36 of 100 patients with ankle OA were compared with 91 age- and gender-matched controls. This case-control study is a substudy of the PRIMA trial, in which the efficacy of platelet-rich plasma injections for ankle OA is determined. RESULTS A clinically relevant difference was found for both the Physical (P=0.003; 95% CI -6.7 to -1.3) and Mental Component Summary scores (P < 0.001; 95% CI -10 to -6). Patients with ankle OA had a median of 45 points (matched controls 52 points) and 43 points (matched controls 53 points) for the Physical and Mental Component summary scores, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Patients with ankle OA had a clinically relevant poorer mental and physical QoL compared with matched controls from the general population. Furthermore, the physical QoL of patients with ankle OA from younger age categories was affected more than those in older age categories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D.A. Paget
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Academic Center for Evidence-Based
Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and
Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Liam D.A. Paget, Department of Orthopaedic
Surgery, Amsterdam UMC, PO Box 22660, Amsterdam, 1100 DD, The Netherlands.
| | - Johannes L. Tol
- Academic Center for Evidence-Based
Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and
Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Aspetar, Orthopaedic and Sports
Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gino M.M.J. Kerkhoffs
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Academic Center for Evidence-Based
Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and
Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam,
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,Academic Center for Evidence-Based
Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and
Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands,The Sport Physician Group, Department
of Sports Medicine, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Schenk H, Simon D, Waldenmeier L, Evers C, Janka R, Welsch GH, Pachowsky ML. Regions at Risk in the Knee Joint of Young Professional Soccer Players: Longitudinal Evaluation of Early Cartilage Degeneration by Quantitative T2 Mapping in 3 T MRI. Cartilage 2021; 13:595S-603S. [PMID: 32449383 PMCID: PMC8808898 DOI: 10.1177/1947603520924773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The study aims to detect regions at risk for (pre-)osteoarthritis in the tibiofemoral joint of young professional soccer players by evaluating cartilage composition by T2 mapping in a 3 T magnetic resonance imaging setting. METHODS In this longitudinal study, 20 professional adolescent soccer players were included. Tibiofemoral cartilage was assessed by quantitative T2 mapping and T2 values were evaluated by regions of interest analysis. Statistical evaluation, using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, was performed to compare global T2 values and subregional T2 values between a baseline and a follow-up investigation 4.3 years later. Based on the average of playing time (15 years) we divided the cohort in 2 groups and differences were evaluated. RESULTS When comparing baseline and follow-up, our findings showed statistically significant increases of the global medial tibial and femoral T2 values. The most noticeable results of the subregional T2 analysis were statistically significant increases in the medial posterior zones (deep femoral 36.1 vs. 39.5, P = 0.001; superficial femoral 57.0 vs. 62.4, P = 0.034; deep tibial 28.3 vs. 34.1, P = 0.009; superficial tibial 43.2 vs. 55.3, P = 0.002). CONCLUSION The elevation of T2 values in the medial, especially medial posterior, compartment of the knee joint indicates that these regions are at risk for early cartilage degeneration already at the time of adolescence. The findings can help individualize and optimize training concepts and to be aware of the chronic stress on these vulnerable areas. Prevention programs should be established in young players to avoid further cartilage damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Schenk
- Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - David Simon
- Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine
3–Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen,
Germany
| | - Leonie Waldenmeier
- Department of Internal Medicine,
University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Evers
- Department of Radiooncology, University
Hospital of Halle/Saale, Halle, Germany
| | - Rolf Janka
- Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany,Department of Radiology, University
Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Goetz H. Welsch
- UKE Athleticum, University Hospital
Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Milena L. Pachowsky
- Friedrich-Alexander University
Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany,Department of Internal Medicine
3–Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen,
Germany,Department of Trauma and Orthopedic
Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany,Milena L. Pachowsky, Department of Trauma
and Orthopedic Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Maximiliansplatz 1,
Erlangen 91054, Germany.
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14
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Common Biochemical and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Biomarkers of Early Knee Osteoarthritis and of Exercise/Training in Athletes: A Narrative Review. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11081488. [PMID: 34441422 PMCID: PMC8391340 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11081488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common joint disease of the world population. Although considered a disease of old age, OA also affects young individuals and, more specifically among them, those practicing knee-joint-loading sports. Predicting OA at an early stage is crucial but remains a challenge. Biomarkers that can predict early OA development will help in the design of specific therapeutic strategies for individuals and, for athletes, to avoid adverse outcomes due to exercising/training regimens. This review summarizes and compares the current knowledge of fluid and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) biomarkers common to early knee OA and exercise/training in athletes. A variety of fluid biochemical markers have been proposed to detect knee OA at an early stage; however, few have shown similar behavior between the two studied groups. Moreover, in endurance athletes, they are often contingent on the sport involved. MRI has also demonstrated its ability for early detection of joint structural alterations in both groups. It is currently suggested that for optimal forecasting of early knee structural alterations, both fluid and MRI biomarkers should be analyzed as a panel and/or combined, rather than individually.
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15
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Bestwick-Stevenson T, Ifesemen OS, Pearson RG, Edwards KL. Association of Sports Participation With Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211004554. [PMID: 34179201 PMCID: PMC8207281 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211004554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The association between participating in sport and osteoarthritis is not fully understood. Purpose: To investigate the association between osteoarthritis and participating in sports not listed in previous reviews: American football, archery, baseball, bobsleigh, curling, handball, ice hockey, shooting, skeleton, speed skating, and wrestling. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: We searched 4 electronic databases and hand searched recent/in-press editions of relevant journals. The criteria for study selection were case-control studies, cohort studies, nested case-control studies, and randomized trials with a control group that included adults to examine the effect of exposure to any of the included sports on the development of osteoarthritis. Results: The search returned 6197 articles after deduplication. Nine studies were included in the final review, covering hip, knee, and ankle osteoarthritis. There were no studies covering archery, baseball, skeleton, speed skating, or curling. The 6 sports included in the review were analyzed as a collective; the results of the meta-analysis indicated that participation in the sports analyzed was associated with an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis of the hip (relative risk [RR] = 1.67 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.15-2.41]; P = .04), knee (RR = 1.60 [95% CI, 1.23-2.08]; P < .001), and ankle (RR = 7.08 [95% CI, 1.24-40.51]; P = .03) as compared with controls. Meta-analysis suggested a significantly increased likelihood of developing hip osteoarthritis through participating in wrestling (RR = 1.78 [95% CI, 1.20-2.64]; P = .004) and ice hockey (RR = 1.70 [95% CI, 1.27-2.29]; P < .001), while there was no significant difference through participating in handball (RR = 2.50 [95% CI, 0.85-7.36]; P = .10). Likelihood of developing knee osteoarthritis was significantly increased in wrestling (RR = 2.22 [95% CI, 1.59-3.11]) and ice hockey (RR = 1.52 [95% CI, 1.18-1.96]; both P < .002). According to the meta-analysis, shooting did not have a significant effect on the RR of knee osteoarthritis as compared with other sports (RR = 0.43 [95% CI, 0.06-2.99]; P = .39). Conclusion: The likelihood of developing hip and knee osteoarthritis was increased for ice hockey and wrestling athletes, and the risk of developing hip osteoarthritis was increased for handball athletes. The study also found that participation in the sports examined, as a collective, resulted in an increased risk of developing hip, knee, and ankle osteoarthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bestwick-Stevenson
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Onosi S Ifesemen
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Richard G Pearson
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Kimberley L Edwards
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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16
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Parekh SM, Fernandes GS, Moses JP, Fuller CW, Scammell BE, Batt ME, Zhang W, Doherty M. Risk Factors for Knee Osteoarthritis in Retired Professional Footballers: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clin J Sport Med 2021; 31:281-288. [PMID: 31157625 PMCID: PMC8061337 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine risk factors for 3 knee osteoarthritis (KOA) outcomes, knee pain (KP), radiographic KOA (RKOA), and total knee replacement (TKR) in professional footballers. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional study involving a postal questionnaire, followed by radiographic assessment in a subcohort of responders. SETTINGS AND PARTICIPANTS Four thousand seven hundred seventy-five questionnaires were sent to retired professional footballers, who had played in the English football league, and 1207 responded. Of these, 470 underwent knee radiographs. ASSESSMENT OF RISK FACTORS Potential factors include age, body mass index (BMI), knee alignment, a history of football-related knee injury, and training hours (during career) were collected through the questionnaire. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Knee osteoarthritis outcomes were current KP (pain for most days of the previous month), TKR (self-reported), and RKOA (observed through radiographs). RESULTS Football-related injury was the strongest risk factor for KP [adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 4.22; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.26-5.48], RKOA [aOR, 2.88; 95% CI, 1.81-4.59], and TKR [aOR, 4.83; 95% CI, 2.87-8.13]. Footballers had a 7% increased risk of RKOA for every 1000 hours trained. Although age and gout were associated with all 3 KOA outcomes, BMI, nodal osteoarthritis (OA), a family history of OA, knee malalignment, and 2D:4D ratio were associated with one or another of these 3 KOA outcomes. CONCLUSION This study is the first to examine KOA risk factors in retired professional footballers. The study has identified several risk factors, both specific (eg, knee injury and training dose) and nonspecific (eg, age and gout) to footballers. This may be used to develop prevention strategies to reduce the risk of KOA in professional footballers after retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay M. Parekh
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Gwen S. Fernandes
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan P. Moses
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Colin W. Fuller
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Colin Fuller Consultancy Ltd, East Leake, United Kingdom
| | - Brigitte E. Scammell
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Mark E. Batt
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom; and
| | - Weiya Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Doherty
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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17
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Bestwick-Stevenson T, Wyatt LA, Palmer D, Ching A, Kerslake R, Coffey F, Batt ME, Scammell BE. Incidence and risk factors for poor ankle functional recovery, and the development and progression of posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis after significant ankle ligament injury (SALI): the SALI cohort study protocol. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2021; 22:362. [PMID: 33865351 PMCID: PMC8052737 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-021-04230-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ankle sprains are one of the most common musculoskeletal injuries, accounting for up to 5% of all Emergency Department visits in the United Kingdom. Ankle injury may be associated with future ankle osteoarthritis. Up to 70% of ankle osteoarthritis cases may be associated with previous ankle injury. There is limited research regarding the association between ankle sprain and ankle osteoarthritis development. The current study aims to phenotype those who suffer significant ankle ligament injuries, identify potential risk factors for ankle injuries and subsequent poor recovery, examine why individuals may develop osteoarthritis, and what factors influence this chance. Methods In this multicentre cohort study participants were recruited from nine Emergency Departments and two Urgent Care Centres in the United Kingdom. Participants (aged 18–70 years old) were defined as those who had suffered an isolated acute ankle sprain, which was Ottawa Ankle Rules positive, but negative for a significant ankle fracture on x-ray. Age and sex matched controls were also recruited. The controls were individuals who had not suffered a significant ankle injury, including ankle pain, function affected for more than 7 days, or the ankle caused them to report to an Emergency Department. Data is collected through a series of seven questionnaires (at baseline, 3 months, 1 year, 3 years, 5 years, 10 years, and 15 years later). The questionnaires include four sections (demographic questions; index injury, and injury history questions; functional assessment questions; and quality of life questions) and are designed to collect detailed information about the individual, their injury, potential risk factors for ankle sprains and ankle osteoarthritis, plus their medical history and any medication consumed. Discussion The Significant Ankle Ligament Injury (SALI) study aims to add to the limited knowledge regarding which factors can predict ankle sprains, complaints, and osteoarthritis. This is important because despite ankle sprains being regarded as a benign injury that resolves quickly, residual symptoms are not uncommon months and years after the injury. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12891-021-04230-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bestwick-Stevenson
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK. .,The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Laura A Wyatt
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Debbie Palmer
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Institute of Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Angela Ching
- The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Centre for Health Sciences Research, School of Health and Society, University of Salford, Salford, Greater Manchester, UK
| | - Robert Kerslake
- The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Frank Coffey
- Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark E Batt
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Institute of Sport, PE and Health Sciences, Moray House School of Education and Sport, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Brigitte E Scammell
- Academic Orthopaedics, Trauma and Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham University Hospital NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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18
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Freiberg A, Bolm-Audorff U, Seidler A. The Risk of Knee Osteoarthritis in Professional Soccer Players. DEUTSCHES ARZTEBLATT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 118:49-55. [PMID: 33759745 DOI: 10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We address the question whether professional soccer players with and without macroinjury of the knee joint are at an elevated risk for knee osteoarthritis. METHODS A systematic review with meta-analyses was conducted. The study protocol was prospectively registered (registration number CRD42019137139). The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases were searched for relevant publications; in addition, forward searching was performed, and the listed references were considered. All steps of the process were undertaken independently by two reviewers, and any discordances were resolved by consensus. For all publications whose full text was included, the methods used were critically evaluated. The quality of the evidence was judged using the GRADE criteria. RESULTS The pooled odds ratio for objectively ascertained osteoarthrosis of the knee was 2.25 (95% confidence interval [1.41-3.61], I2 = 71%). When only radiologically ascertained knee osteoarthrosis was considered, the odds ratio was 3.98 [1.34; 11.83], I2 = 58%). The pooled risk estimator in studies in which knee joint macroinjury was excluded was 2.81 ([1.25; 6.32], I2 = 71%). CONCLUSION A marked association was found between soccer playing and knee osteoarthritis in male professional soccer players. For female professional soccer players, the risk of knee osteoarthritis could not be assessed because of the lack of data. Knee injuries seem to play an important role in the development of knee osteoarthritis in professional soccer players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Freiberg
- Institute and Policlinic of Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden; Division of Occupational Health, Department of Occupational Safety and Environment, Regional Government of South Hesse, Wiesbaden; Extraordinary Chair of Occupational Medicine, University of Gießen
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19
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van den Noort D, Oltmans E, Aoki H, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Gouttebarge V. Clinical Hip Osteoarthritis in Current and Former Professional Footballers and Its Effect on Hip Function and Quality of Life. JOURNAL OF SPORTS SCIENCE AND MEDICINE 2021; 20:284-290. [PMID: 34211321 DOI: 10.52082/jssm.2021.284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study was to establish the prevalence of clinical hip osteoarthritis in current and former professional footballers and to explore its consequences on hip function and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A cross-sectional study by means of questionnaire was conducted among current and former professional footballers fulfilling the following inclusion criteria: (1) male (2) active or retired professional footballer (3) member of FIFPRO (Football Players Worldwide) (4) between 18 and 50 years old (5) could read and understand texts in French, Spanish, or English. Controls (matched for: gender, age, body weight and height) were also recruited. The main outcome measures were clinical hip osteoarthritis, hip function and HRQoL. Questionnaires were sent to 2,500 members of which 1,401 participated (1,000 current and 401 former professional footballers). Fifty-two controls were recruited. Prevalence of hip osteoarthritis was 2% among current and 8% among former professional footballers. Hip function was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) lower in both types of footballers with hip osteoarthritis than in footballers without hip osteoarthritis and controls. Current and former professional footballers with hip osteoarthritis reported significantly lower physical health scores (p = 0.032, p = 0.002) than those without. Hip osteoarthritis led to a significantly lower score in the physical (p = 0.004) and mental (p = 0.014) component of HRQoL in former footballers compared to the controls, while in current footballers only the physical component was significantly (p = 0.012) lower compared to the controls. Hip osteoarthritis has a higher prevalence in former than in current professional footballers and impacts hip function and HRQoL negatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennie van den Noort
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emmeline Oltmans
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Haruhito Aoki
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Yokohama City Sports Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,FIFPRO (Football Players Worldwide), Hoofddorp, the Netherlands
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20
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Bezuglov E, Khaitin V, Lazarev A, Brodskaia A, Lyubushkina A, Kubacheva K, Waśkiewicz Z, Petrov A, Maffulli N. Asymptomatic Foot and Ankle Abnormalities in Elite Professional Soccer Players. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:2325967120979994. [PMID: 33614799 PMCID: PMC7869170 DOI: 10.1177/2325967120979994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Professional soccer players are often evaluated with asymptomatic lesions of the ankle and foot, and such abnormalities may eventually become clinically relevant. Purpose To ascertain the prevalence of foot and ankle abnormalities in elite professional adult soccer players. Study Design Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods Professional adult male elite soccer players (n = 37) underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans of both their feet and ankles. All competed for their respective national junior or adult soccer teams. MRI scans were performed with 1.5-T scanners and analyzed independently by 2 experienced radiologists. Results The MRI scans of 86.5% of the players showed degenerative joint disease (DJD) in at least 1 of the joints of the foot and ankle. Articular cartilage lesions in the joints of the foot and ankle were evident in 42% of the scans. Of all lesions, 17% were grade 3 or 4 (Noyes and Stabler classification) cartilage lesions and accompanied by subchondral bone marrow edema. The greater the age, weight, and height of the players, the greater was the odds ratio of DJD of the ankle joint. Synovitis in at least 1 of the joints of the foot was detected in 64% of the MRI scans. Leg dominance significantly correlated with bone marrow edema of the talus. Conclusion Elite professional soccer players are often evaluated with a high prevalence of asymptomatic osteochondral lesions with subchondral bone marrow edema in the foot and ankle. These osteochondral lesions may remain asymptomatic or, with the continuing high-intensity stresses that modern professional soccer demands of its athletes, may evolve and cause foot and ankle pain. It is unclear whether and which interventions can be implemented to prevent the occurrence of these abnormalities in the first place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Bezuglov
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,High Performance Sports Laboratory, Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Khaitin
- Pavlov First St. Petersburg State Medical University, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Football Club Zenit St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Artemii Lazarev
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,High Performance Sports Laboratory, Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesia Brodskaia
- Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Anastasiya Lyubushkina
- High Performance Sports Laboratory, Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia.,Smart Recovery Clinic, Moscow, Russia
| | - Kamila Kubacheva
- St. Petersburg State Public Institution City Hospital No. 40, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Zbigniew Waśkiewicz
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Sport Science, Jerzy Kukuczka Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
| | - Arseniy Petrov
- Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Keele University School of Medicine, Stoke on Trent, UK
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21
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Barth M, Güllich A, Forstinger CA, Schlesinger T, Schröder F, Emrich E. Retirement of professional soccer players - A systematic review from social sciences perspectives. J Sports Sci 2020; 39:903-914. [PMID: 33295256 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2020.1851449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Retiring professional athletes face multifaceted changes and potential issues of adjustment, occupational development, and well-being, which raises concerns around the world. The study systematically reviewed the available research investigating professional soccer players' sport retirement from social sciences perspectives. The literature search in electronic databases and a "snowballing" procedure yielded 17 eligible studies investigating > 2,200 retired professional soccer players. The review followed the PRISMA statement. Nine studies focused on an early transition phase to retirement period; four studies investigated later periods of ten years or longer after retirement. Around half of the players reported involuntary retirement, often associated with declining performance and/or injury. Studies suggest issues of adjustment and mental health during early years after retirement, while psychological issues had apparently declined around 1-2 decades after retirement. However, available studies had notable limitations including lack of evidenced representative samples, report of measures' reliability, and control for confounders. Furthermore, while theoretical models emphasise a holistic perspective, quantitative research often took a narrow rather than holistic perspective. In summary, available knowledge is fraught with some uncertainty regarding reliability and representativeness of the population of retired professional soccer players. We offer future directions to advance the development of a theory of sport retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barth
- Department of Sports Science, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Sport Science, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Arne Güllich
- Department of Sports Science, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | | | | | - Frank Schröder
- Department of Sport Management, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eike Emrich
- Department of Sports Science, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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22
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Abstract
Objective: To summarize risk factors for injury in elite women's soccer. Methods: Ten electronic databases were searched for studies that explored risk factors for injury in elite women soccer players. Study cohorts were required to consist of adult (?18 years) elite players defined as 'the best performers in their country in a certain sport who are competing at national or international levels' [1]. Two reviewers independently assessed articles for eligibility. The CASP checklist was used for quality assessment of included studies, and the Oxford Center of Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines were used to determine their level of evidence. Results: Eight studies were included in this review. Findings indicated an association between an increased injury risk and previous injury and increased joint laxity. There is additional evidence to support a relationship between injuries and higher soccer exposure, playing position, increased BMI, low H/Q ratio, player's level of balance and co-ordination, as well as various psychological issues. However, there were conflicting findings for the effect of postural control. Individual differences in Q-angle, intercondylar notch width or pelvic width measurements were not found to be associated with injury. The incidence of injury was higher in the dominant limb. Conclusion: The risk of injury in elite female soccer players is multifactorial, complex, and associated with a range of intrinsic, and extrinsic factors. More high-quality studies are needed to investigate each identified risk factor in order to inform effective injury screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani A Alahmad
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland.,Collage of Applied Medical Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Physical Therapy, King Saud University , Riyadh, KSA
| | - Philip Kearney
- Health Research Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland.,Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
| | - Roisin Cahalan
- School of Allied Health, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick , Limerick, Ireland
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23
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Paget LDA, Aoki H, Kemp S, Lambert M, Readhead C, Stokes KA, Viljoen W, Reurink G, Tol JL, Kerkhoffs GMMJ, Gouttebarge V. Ankle osteoarthritis and its association with severe ankle injuries, ankle surgeries and health-related quality of life in recently retired professional male football and rugby players: a cross-sectional observational study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e036775. [PMID: 32565473 PMCID: PMC7310999 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine (1) the prevalence of ankle osteoarthritis (OA) among former professional football and rugby players, (2) assess the association between ankle injuries or ankle surgeries with ankle OA, and (3) compare the mental and physical quality of life (QoL) between former professional football and rugby players with and without OA. METHODS We conducted a questionnaire-based observational study with a cross-sectional design. Former professional football and rugby players were recruited by the Football Players Worldwide and the International Rugby Players. Information concerning ankle OA, sustained ankle injuries and ankle surgeries was gathered (medical record or most recent medical professional). Health-related QoL was assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) physical and mental health scores. RESULTS Overall, 553 former professional football (n=401) and rugby (n=152) players were enrolled in the study (response rate of 56%). Ankle OA prevalence among former professional football and rugby players was 9.2% and 4.6%, respectively. Football players were more likely to suffer from ankle OA following every ankle injury and/or surgery. Football and rugby players with ankle OA had similar PROMIS physical and mental health scores to the norm for the general population. CONCLUSION Former professional football and rugby players had higher ankle OA prevalence than the general population (3.4%). Football players are more likely to suffer from ankle OA following every ankle injury and/or surgery. No clinically relevant difference was seen for physical or mental health-related QoL among football and rugby players. Preventive measures for ankle injuries are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam D A Paget
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center (ACHSS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Haruhito Aoki
- St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Yokohama City Sports Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Mike Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Clint Readhead
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- South African Rugby Union (SARU), Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Keith A Stokes
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research versus Arthritis, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Wayne Viljoen
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine (ESSM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
- South African Rugby Union (SARU), Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Gustaaf Reurink
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center (ACHSS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Sports Medicine, The Sport Physician Group, OLVG, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center (ACHSS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Ad Dawhah, Qatar
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center (ACHSS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Gouttebarge
- Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam UMC - Locatie AMC, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health and Safety in Sports, AMC/VUMC IOC Research Center (ACHSS), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- St Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
- Football Players Worldwide (FIFPRO), Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
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24
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Bezuglov EN, Khaitin VY, Lyubushkina AV, Lazarev AM, Gorinov AV, Sivakova EY, Rumiantseva EI, Lychagin AV. The Effect of Training Experience and Leg Dominance on the Prevalence of Asymptomatic Intraarticular Changes of the Knee Joints in Adult Professional Male Soccer Players. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:19. [PMID: 32307676 PMCID: PMC7167386 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00248-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Currently, no data is available regarding the association between professional experience or limb dominance and the prevalence of asymptomatic knee joint lesions in adult professional male soccer players. Hypothesis The prevalence of the accumulated changes increases with training experience. This is especially true for the dominant leg, which is involved in a large proportion of the athletes’ movements. Study Design Level 2 cross-sectional cohort study Methods MRI was used to assess the condition of 94 knee joints in 47 adult professional male soccer players (mean age 25.7 ± 4.6 years, BMI 22.8 ± 1.4). Previous surgery on joints was an exclusion criterion. No football player had knee injuries (including fresh bruises) for at least 3 months before the examination. All the scans were performed using a 1.5T MRI scanner and a slice thickness of 3 mm. The images were blindly analyzed by two experienced radiologists. We analyzed all the three compartments of the knee joint. We consider a chondral lesion already from grade I in modified Noyes and Stabler classification system. To assess the influence of soccer training experience, all players were divided into two groups: group 1 formed from players with less than 20 years of experience and group 2 with more than 20 years of experience. Results One hundred percent of the soccer players had at least one chondral and meniscal lesion. In both legs, the posterior horn of the medial meniscus (95.6%) was the most frequent site of injury. Most of the injuries were classified as grade II injuries (73.3% for the dominant and 75.6% for the non-dominant leg). Experience and age of the athletes significantly increased the probability of subcortical bone lesions. They were significantly positively correlated with the grades of patellar lesions and lesions of the patellar surface of the femur and significantly negatively correlated with the grades of lesions of posterior horn of lateral meniscus and anterior horn of medial meniscus. No statistically significant differences in the prevalence and grades of cartilage and meniscal lesions in the dominant and non-dominant limb were observed. Conclusion Soccer practice is associated with the increased prevalence of asymptomatic chondral and meniscal lesions. The probability of subcortical bone lesions significantly increases with training experience and age. These factors are also positively correlated with the grades of patellar lesions and lesions of the patellar surface of the femur. The prevalence and grade of asymptomatic chondral and meniscal lesions is independent of leg dominance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Nikolayevich Bezuglov
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Federal Research and Clinical Center of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia.,High Performance Sport Laboratory, Moscow Witte University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Yurevich Khaitin
- Department of Sport Medicine, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint-Petersburg, Russia. .,FC Zenit Saint-Petersburg, Saint-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
| | | | - Artemii Mikhailovich Lazarev
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | | | | | - Alexey Vladimirovich Lychagin
- Department of Traumatology and Orthopaedic Surgery, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
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25
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Every second retired elite female football player has MRI evidence of knee osteoarthritis before age 50 years: a cross-sectional study of clinical and MRI outcomes. Knee Surg Sports Traumatol Arthrosc 2020; 28:353-362. [PMID: 31209539 DOI: 10.1007/s00167-019-05560-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess knee health in retired female football players, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and self-report. The focus of analysis were degenerative changes of the tibiofemoral joint, and their relationship to osteoarthritis symptoms and previous knee injury. METHODS Forty-nine retired elite, female football players (98 knees) aged 37 years on average participated. Tibiofemoral cartilage and meniscus status of both knees were evaluated using MRI and graded according to modified Outerbridge and Stoller classifications, respectively. Symptoms were assessed through a standardised questionnaire (Knee Osteoarthritis Outcome Score: KOOS). Knee injury history was recorded via a semi-structured interview. To investigate how injury variables relate to outcomes, binary logistic regression models were used and reported with odds ratios (OR). RESULTS Fifty-one per cent of players (n = 25) fulfilled the MRI criterion for knee osteoarthritis, 69.4% (n = 34) had substantial meniscal loss and 59.6% (n = 28) reported substantial clinical symptoms. Chondral- and meniscal loss were associated with significantly lower scores on three of five KOOS subscales (p < .05). Both chondral and meniscal loss were significantly predicted by previous traumatic knee injury (OR = 4.6, OR = 2.6), the injury affecting the non-striking leg (OR = 8.6, OR = 10.6) and type of injury; participants with combined ACL/meniscus injuries had the highest risk for substantial chondral and meniscal loss (OR = 14.8, OR = 9.5). Chondral loss was significantly predicted by isolated meniscus injury treated with partial meniscectomy (OR = 5.4), but not by isolated reconstructed ACL injury. Clinical symptoms were only significantly predicted by previous traumatic knee injury (OR = 5.1). CONCLUSIONS Serious degenerative changes were found in a high number of retired female football players' knees 10 years after their career. Meniscal integrity is key for knee osteoarthritis outcomes in young adults, and thus, its preservation should be a priority.
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26
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Gouttebarge V, Andersen TE, Cowie C, Goedhart E, Jorstad H, Kemp S, Königs M, Maas M, Orhant E, Rantanen J, Salo J, Serratosa L, Stokes K, Tol JL, Verhagen E, Weber A, Kerkhoffs G. Monitoring the health of transitioning professional footballers: protocol of an observational prospective cohort study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2019; 5:e000680. [PMID: 31908839 PMCID: PMC6937067 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2019-000680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transitioning out of professional football is a challenging time in most players' lives. During these preretirement and postretirement years, professional footballers may struggle with their mental, musculoskeletal, neurocognitive and cardiovascular health. Currently, longitudinal data about these health conditions are lacking. This article presents the design of a prospective cohort study with the primary aim of gathering epidemiological evidence about the onset and course of mental, musculoskeletal, neurocognitive and cardiovascular health conditions in professional footballers during their preretirement and postretirement years and evaluating the associations between risk indicators and the health conditions under study in these players. METHODS AND ANALYSIS An observational prospective cohort study with repeated measurements over a follow-up period of 10 years will be conducted among at least 200 professional footballers (male; 27 (±1) years old). Mental health will be explored by assessing symptoms of distress, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, alcohol misuse, drug misuse and disordered eating. Musculoskeletal health will be explored by assessing severe joint injury and related surgery, clinical and radiological osteoarthritis, and joint function (hips, knees and ankles). Neurocognitive health will be explored by assessing the concussion, brain structure and functioning, and neurocognitive functioning. Cardiovascular health will be explored by assessing blood pressure, lipid profile and ECG abnormalities. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval for the study was provided by the Medical Ethics Review Committee of the Amsterdam University Medical Centers. The results of the study will be submitted to peer-reviewed journals, will be presented at scientific conferences and will be released in the media (postpublication). TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The Dutch Trial Registry (Drake Football Study NL7999).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gouttebarge
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- FIFPRO (Football Players Worldwide), Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Thor Einar Andersen
- Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian FA Medical Center, The Football Association of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Charlotte Cowie
- The Football Association, National Football Centre, St George’s Park, Needwood, United Kingdom
| | - Edwin Goedhart
- Royal Netherlands Football Association (KNVB), FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Harald Jorstad
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marsh Königs
- Royal Netherlands Football Association (KNVB), FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Zeist, The Netherlands
- Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Emma Neuroscience Group, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mario Maas
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Musculoskeletal Radiology, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Emmanuel Orhant
- French Football Federation (FFF), Clairefontaine Medical Centre, FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Clairefontaine, France
| | - Jussi Rantanen
- Orthopaedics and Sports Clinic, Mehiläinen NEO Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jari Salo
- Sports Hospital Mehiläinen, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Luis Serratosa
- Ripoll & De Prado Sport Clinic, FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Madrid, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Quironsalud, Madrid, Spain
| | - Keith Stokes
- Rugby Football Union, Twickenham, UK
- Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evert Verhagen
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, de Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alexis Weber
- Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), Zurich, The Netherlands
| | - Gino Kerkhoffs
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), Amsterdam UMC IOC Research Center of Excellence, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Radiographic analysis of lower limb alignment in professional football players. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 2019; 139:1771-1777. [PMID: 31463688 DOI: 10.1007/s00402-019-03266-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION To radiographically analyze lower limb alignment in adult asymptomatic professional football players and to correlate these values to clinical measurements. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four asymptomatic players [24.2 (3.6) years] were enrolled. Standard bilateral lower limb anteroposterior weight-bearing radiographs were acquired and clinical measurement of intercondylar/intermalleolar (ICD/IMD) distance was performed. Coronal plane mechanical alignment was assessed by five angles: leg mechanical axis (LMA), lateral proximal femoral angle (LPFA), lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA), medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA), and lateral distal tibial angle (LDTA). Their values were compared to the reference values for adult population. An inter-individual comparison between right/left and dominant/non-dominant leg was added. The sum of bilateral LMA was correlated against ICD/IMD and against ICD/IMD adjusted for body height. RESULTS Football players presented with ICD/IMD of 46.5 (19.8) mm. Two, out of five, lower leg coronal angles showed significant differences (p < 0.001) compared to reference data from literature: LMA 5.8 (3.0)º vs.1.2 (2.2)º and MPTA 83.5 (2.6)º vs. 87.2 (1.5)º. No significant differences between left/right leg and dominant/non-dominant leg were established. Summed up bilateral LMA showed a high correlation to IMD/ICD (r = 0.8395; R2 = 0.7048), and even higher to ICD/IMD adjusted for body height (r = 0.8543; R2 = 0.7298). CONCLUSIONS This study was radiographically confirming increased varus of elite football players toward general population. Apex of the varus deformity was located in the proximal tibia. Clinical measurement of ICD/IMD adjusted for body height highly correlated with the radiographic values of coronal alignment; therefore, it may be used in population studies.
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28
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Bezuglov EN, Lyubushkina AV, Khaitin VY, Tokareva AV, Goncharov EN, Gorinov AV, Sivakova EY, Sereda AP. Prevalence of Asymptomatic Intra-articular Changes of the Knee in Adult Professional Soccer Players. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119885370. [PMID: 32010730 PMCID: PMC6967194 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119885370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Currently, there are few data on the association between participation in soccer and the condition of the knee joints in adult professional players. Hypothesis: A high percentage of professional soccer players will have asymptomatic intra-articular changes of the knee. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: The condition of the intra-articular structures (osteophytes, cartilage, and menisci) in 94 knee joints of 47 adult professional soccer players (mean ± SD age, 25.7 ± 4.6 years; body mass index, 22.8 ± 1.4 kg/m2) was analyzed. A 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging scanner was used to perform the imaging, and the anonymized data were analyzed by 2 experienced radiologists. Results: Cartilage of both knee joints was affected in 97.9% of soccer players. Meniscal lesions were detected in 97.8% of joints, affecting both joints in 93.6% of athletes. Grade 2 cartilage lesions were the most prevalent (36%-60% depending on the lesion site), and grade 4 lesions were detected in 12.7% of joints. The medial femoral condyle and medial tibial plateau were most frequently affected by cartilage lesions (85.1%). Among meniscal lesions, grade 2 lesions were the most prevalent, being detected in 71% of the cases. Grade 3 lesions were detected in 13.8% of the joints. The posterior horn of the lateral meniscus was the most common site of meniscal lesions (affected in 95.7% of the joints). Osteophytes were detected in 4.2% of joints. Conclusion: The prevalence of asymptomatic cartilage and meniscal lesions in the knees of adult professional soccer players is extremely high and is not associated with the reduction of sports involvement. This research should promote the correct interpretation of magnetic resonance imaging data obtained from soccer players with acute trauma and the reduction of the number of unwarranted surgical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduard Nikolayevich Bezuglov
- Department of Sport Medicine and Medical Rehabilitation, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Anastasiya Vladimirovna Lyubushkina
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Faculty of Continuing Professional Education, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Vladimir Yurevich Khaitin
- Department of Sport Medicine, Pavlov First Saint-Petersburg State Medical University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation.,FC Zenit Saint-Petersburg, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Alisa Viktorovna Tokareva
- Department of Orthopaedics No. 1, Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Evgeny Nikolayevich Goncharov
- Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Traumatology and Orthopedic Surgery Department, Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
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29
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Davies MAM, Kerr ZY, DeFreese JD, Arden NK, Marshall SW, Guskiewicz KM, Padua DA, Pietrosimone B. Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Total Hip and Knee Replacement in Retired National Football League Athletes. Am J Sports Med 2019; 47:2863-2870. [PMID: 31498654 DOI: 10.1177/0363546519870804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteoarthritis is a substantial cause of disability. Joint replacement prevalence relates to the burden of severe osteoarthritis, and identifying risk factors for end-stage disease may indicate intervention opportunities. American football has high youth and elite participation, and determining risk factors for severe osteoarthritis may support future morbidity prevention. PURPOSE To (1) determine the prevalence of hip and knee replacement in retired National Football League (NFL) athletes, (2) examine risk factors for replacement, and (3) identify the association between knee injuries and knee replacement. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Retired NFL athletes who participated in a general health survey were included. This historical cohort included those playing between 1929 and 2001. The association between self-reported playing or injury history, and replacement after retirement, was assessed with prevalence ratios (PRs). Models were adjusted for potential confounders of age and weight. RESULTS Data for 2432 retired male NFL players (69.3% response rate) who had participated in football for a mean 15.2 years were included, in which 277 players reported replacement after retirement (11.4%). More participants reported knee replacement (7.7%) than hip replacement (4.6%). The majority of participants reported previous severe knee injury (53%), and the most prevalent was meniscal tear (32.2%). In multivariable models, age (10-year increase, PR, 2.23; 95% CI, 1.99-2.51), current weight (PR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.06-1.14), and reporting 1 (PR, 1.78; 95% CI, 1.14-2.77), 2 (PR, 1.91; 95% CI, 1.16-3.15), or ≥3 knee injuries (PR, 3.44; 95% CI, 2.33-5.09) were associated with knee replacement. Age (10-year increase, PR, 1.86; 95% CI, 1.59-2.18), linemen (PR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.03-2.55), and reporting 1 (PR, 1.72; 95% CI, 1.05-2.80), 2 (PR, 2.77 95% CI, 1.58-4.84), or ≥3 (PR, 2.44; 95% CI, 1.52-3.91) hip injuries were associated with hip replacement. Each reported knee injury type was cross-sectionally associated with replacement after retirement (P < .05). CONCLUSION Knee replacement was more prevalent than hip replacement. Risk factors differed between the hip and the knee, with age and severe joint injury associated with hip and knee replacement, weight with knee replacement, and playing position associated with hip replacement. Joint injury and weight management may be prevention opportunities to reduce morbidity and end-stage osteoarthritis in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine A M Davies
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Zachary Y Kerr
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J D DeFreese
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Nigel K Arden
- The Centre for Sport, Exercise and Osteoarthritis Research Versus Arthritis, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Stephen W Marshall
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kevin M Guskiewicz
- Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Center for the Study of Retired Athletes, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.,Injury Prevention Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Darin A Padua
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Brian Pietrosimone
- MOTION Science Institute, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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30
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Waldenmeier L, Evers C, Uder M, Janka R, Hennig FF, Pachowsky ML, Welsch GH. Using Cartilage MRI T2-Mapping to Analyze Early Cartilage Degeneration in the Knee Joint of Young Professional Soccer Players. Cartilage 2019; 10:288-298. [PMID: 29448816 PMCID: PMC6585295 DOI: 10.1177/1947603518756986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate and characterize the appearance of articular cartilage in the tibiofemoral joint of young professional soccer players using T2-relaxation time evaluation on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). DESIGN In this study, we included 57 male adolescents from the youth academy of a professional soccer team. The MRI scans were acquired of the knee joint of the supporting leg. An "early unloading" (minute 0) and "late unloading" (minute 28) T2-sequence was included in the set of images. Quantitative T2-analysis was performed in the femorotibial joint cartilage in 4 slices with each 10 regions of interest (ROIs). Statistical evaluation, using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests, was primarily performed to compare the T2 values of the "early unloading" and "late unloading." RESULTS When comparing "early unloading" with "late unloading," our findings showed a significant increase of T2-relaxation times in the weightbearing femoral cartilage of the medial (P < 0.001) and lateral (P < 0.001) compartment of the knee and in the tibial cartilage of the medial compartment (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION In this study, alterations of the cartilage were found with a maximum in the medial condyle where the biomechanical load of the knee joint is highest, as well as where most of the chronic cartilage lesions occur. To avoid chronic damage, special focus should be laid on this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Waldenmeier
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christoph Evers
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rolf Janka
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | | | - Milena L. Pachowsky
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Götz Hannes Welsch
- UKE Athleticum, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany,Götz Hannes Welsch, UKE Athleticum, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Building East 48, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany.
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Peterson JA, Schubert DJ, Campbell J, Bemben MG, Black CD. Endogenous Pain Inhibitory Function: Endurance-Trained Athletes vs Active Controls. PAIN MEDICINE 2019; 20:1822-1830. [DOI: 10.1093/pm/pnz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
Athletes are at risk for developing chronic pain conditions, but the role of exercise in the modulation of pain in athletes has not been well established. The aim of this study was to investigate conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and exercise-induced hypoalgesia (EIH) responses between 13 endurance-trained athletes and 13 normally active controls.
Methods
In a cross-sectional, nonrandomized study with two independent groups of college-aged males and females, pressure pain thresholds (PPTs) were assessed in the vastus lateralis (VL) and brachioradialis (BR) using a pressure algometer before and after a conditioning stimulus, an isometric hand grip exercise to failure, and a 30-minute run.
Results
PPTs increased following the conditioning stimulus, indicating a CPM response, to a similar degree in the BR (19.3% ± 26.5% vs 18.6% ± 16.2%, P = 0.93) and VL (18.9% ± 25.9% vs 28.7% ± 27.4%, P = 0.73) in the athletes and controls. PPTs increased following isometric exercise to a similar extent in athletes and controls in the BR (23.9% ± 22.8% vs 28.2% ± 24.0%, P = 0.75) and VL (15.8% ± 14.8% vs 15.5% ± 11.6%, P = 0.94). Following 30 minutes of running, EIH was similar between athletes and controls in the VL (21.2% ± 17.2% vs 13.8% ± 13.3%, P = 0.23) but was attenuated in the BR of the athletes (6.1% ± 16.9% vs 20.9% ± 20%, P = 0.047).
Conclusions
Athletes and controls exhibited similar endogenous pain inhibitory function both locally and systemically following CPM and isometric, upper body exercise. After the 30-minute run, BR EIH was reduced in the athletes compared with controls, suggesting a reduced systemic response following familiar exercise—perhaps due to the exercise being perceived as less painful and/or effortful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica A Peterson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Daniel J Schubert
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jason Campbell
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Michael G Bemben
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Christopher D Black
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA
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Lubis AMT, Wonggokusuma E, Marsetio AF. Intra-articular Recombinant Human Growth Hormone Injection Compared with Hyaluronic Acid and Placebo for an Osteoarthritis Model of New Zealand Rabbits. Knee Surg Relat Res 2019; 31:44-53. [PMID: 30871292 PMCID: PMC6425894 DOI: 10.5792/ksrr.18.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Up to now, there is no feasible solution for stopping or reversing the degenerative process of osteoarthritis (OA). Our study evaluated the effect of intra-articular injection of growth hormone (GH) in OA-induced rabbit knees compared to hyaluronic acid (HA) and placebo. Materials and Methods A total of 21 male, skeletally mature, New Zealand rabbits received an intra-articular type II collagenase injection for OA induction. Two weeks later, the rabbits were randomized into three groups based on the weekly intra-articular injection to be received: GH, HA, and saline. Injections were done for three consecutive weeks. Evaluation was done at 8 weeks after treatment, clinically using the lameness period, macroscopically using the Yoshimi score and microscopically using the Mankin score. Results The shortest period of lameness was found in the GH group (15.9±2.12 days), compared to the HA group (19.4±1.72 days) and placebo group (25.0±2.94 days). There was a statistically significant difference in macroscopic scoring between groups (p=0.001) in favor of the GH group. There was also significant difference in the microscopic score between groups (p=0.001) also in favor of the GH group. Conclusions Intra-articular injection of GH showed better clinical, macroscopic and microscopic results as compared to HA and placebo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andri Maruli Tua Lubis
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia and Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
| | - Erick Wonggokusuma
- Department of General Orthopaedic, Siloam Hospital Kebon Jeruk, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Aldo Fransiskus Marsetio
- Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia and Department of Orthopaedic and Traumatology, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, Jakarta
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Greig M. Concurrent changes in eccentric hamstring strength and knee joint kinematics induced by soccer-specific fatigue. Phys Ther Sport 2019; 37:21-26. [PMID: 30802762 DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the influence of soccer-specific fatigue on concurrent changes in knee joint kinematics and hamstring strength, given the increased risk of injury during the latter stages of match-play and the prevalence of knee joint and hamstring muscular injury. DESIGN Repeated measures, randomized order trials. SETTING Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS Ten male professional soccer players. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Reactive inversion, eversion and neutral hop tasks were completed at 15 min intervals during a soccer-specific protocol, with touchdown knee joint kinematics in the frontal and sagittal planes calculated at 200 Hz. In a separate trial, players completed maximal eccentric knee flexions at 160°·s-1 (reflecting average knee angular velocity in the functional task) at 15 min intervals, quantifying peak torque. RESULTS All trials were characterized by knee varus at touchdown, with ∼4° greater mal-alignment elicited over the final 15 min of the protocol (P ≤ 0.05). Peak eccentric hamstring strength was significantly (P = 0.045) reduced throughout the 2nd half. CONCLUSIONS The coincident impairment of eccentric hamstring strength and increased knee varus at touchdown predisposes the player to injury, supporting epidemiological observations. Knee varus in these elite male players is in marked contrast to the valgus associated with ACL injury risk in female players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Greig
- Sports Injuries Research Group, Edge Hill University, St Helens Road, Ormskirk, Lancs, L39 4QP, UK.
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Gouttebarge V, Goedhart E, Kerkhoffs G. Empowering the health of retired professional footballers: the systematic development of an After Career Consultation and its feasibility. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 2018; 4:e000466. [PMID: 30774974 PMCID: PMC6350730 DOI: 10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This article describes (1) the systematic development of the intervention and (2) the assessment of its feasibility (in terms of relevancy, suitability, satisfaction and added value). Methods The intervention was developed based on the first four steps of the Intervention Mapping and Knowledge Transfer Scheme processes. Subsequently, a qualitative research based on a one-group post-test cross-sectional design was conducted. Eight retired professional footballers underwent the developed intervention and its feasibility (operationalised in relevancy, suitability, satisfaction and added value) was assessed by means of a questionnaire and interview. Results An After Career Consultation (ACC) was developed with a focus on five main domains: (1) detraining from professional football; (2) remission of osteoarthritis; (3) promotion of healthy lifestyle; (4) preventing mental and cognitive health problems; and (5) employment and education. The ACC relies on three components: (1) raising self-awareness about potential physical, mental and social health problems after a career in professional football; (2) medical examination (60 min) with thorough medical history and general physical examination; and (3) follow-up during 3 months (if necessary) about optimal skills and strategies to empower physical, mental and social health and quality of life. The relevancy, suitability, satisfaction and added value of the ACC were positively evaluated by the retired professional footballers. Conclusion The ACC was developed with a focus on five main health-related domains. The feasibility of the ACC was positively assessed by retired professional footballers, while the suggestion was made to repeat the ACC in the initial years after football retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gouttebarge
- World Players’ Union (FIFPro), Hoofddorp, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Edwin Goedhart
- Royal Netherlands Football Association (KNVB), FIFA Medical Center of Excellence, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Gino Kerkhoffs
- Amsterdam UMC, Univ of Amsterdam, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Academic Center for Evidence-based Sports Medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Collaboration for Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Image guided injection therapies in athletes-Do they work and what should we be using? Eur J Radiol 2018; 110:193-202. [PMID: 30599860 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In the modern management of the injured elite athlete, the goals of guided injection therapies have extended beyond simple reduction of pain to enhancement of tissue healing and accelerated return to competition, faster than natural healing can allow. This article will review the injection therapies which are frequently used in elite sports injury management and describe other less commonly used injection therapies that are available to the treating clinician and athlete. The evidence base, where available, for each treatment option will be summarised.
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Gouttebarge V, Aoki H, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. Lower extremity osteoarthritis is associated with lower health-related quality of life among retired professional footballers. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2018. [PMID: 29527975 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2018.1451718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of the current study was to explore whether retired professional footballers suffering from lower extremity OA have a lower health-related quality of life than those without OA or current professional footballers. METHODS An observational study based on a cross-sectional design by means of questionnaires was conducted. Participants were retired and current professional footballers recruited by the World Players' Union (FIFPro). Information about lower extremity OA (clinically diagnosed by a medical professional) was gathered, while health-related quality of life (Global Physical Health and Global Mental Health scores) was assessed through a validated scale. RESULTS A total of 396 retired and 361 current professional footballers were included in the analyses (response rate of 54%). The group of retired professional footballers was on average 36 years old, and they had competed in professional football for 11 years (retired for 5 years). The group of current professional footballers was on average 25 years old, and they had been active in professional football for 7 years. Within the group of retired professional footballers, prevalence of lower extremity OA was 33%. Both Global Physical Health and Global Mental Health scores among retired professional footballers with lower extremity OA were significantly lower than among retired players without OA and current players, but these scores were nearly similar to the norm for the general population (regardless the presence of OA or not). CONCLUSIONS Health-related quality of life among retired professional footballers with lower extremity OA was significantly lower than among retired players without OA and current players but nearly similar to the norm for the general population (regardless the presence of OA or not). A rational recommendation is that a support measure such as the After Career Consultation should be introduced among retired professional footballers in order to empower their sustainable health and quality of life, focussing especially on the prevention of the occurrence or worsening of lower extremity OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gouttebarge
- a World Players' Union (FIFPro) , Hoofddorp , The Netherlands.,b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,c Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES) , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS) , AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,e Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine , University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
| | - Haruhito Aoki
- f St. Marianna University School of Medicine , Kawasaki , Japan.,g Yokohama City Sports Medical Center , Yokohama , Japan
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- b Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center , University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,c Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES) , Academic Medical Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands.,d Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS) , AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center , Amsterdam , The Netherlands
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Madaleno FO, Santos BA, Araújo VL, Oliveira VC, Resende RA. Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in former athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis. Braz J Phys Ther 2018; 22:437-451. [PMID: 29636304 PMCID: PMC6235824 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in former athletes is still unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in former athletes. Moreover, the secondary aim was to investigate whether poor methodological quality of included studies, different diagnosis criteria for knee osteoarthritis, different sports modality or sex impact on overall estimated prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in former athletes. METHODS Searches on MEDLINE, EMBASE, AMED, SPORTDiscus and CINAHL from the earliest record to February 2018 and hand-searching identified studies investigating prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in former athletes. Meta-analysis was conducted and the GRADE system summarized strength of the current recommendations. Sensitivity analyses investigated whether methodological quality, diagnostic criteria, type of sports or sex impacted on the overall estimated prevalence in former athletes. This review was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42016050903). RESULTS Fifteen studies were included and pooling of 3100 participants estimated overall prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in former athletes of 30.0% (95% CI: 20.0 to 40.0%). The strength of the current recommendations was low-quality. Sensitivity analyses suggested that different diagnostic criteria for knee osteoarthritis and type of sports may impact on the overall estimated prevalence. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of knee osteoarthritis in former athletes was 30.0%. Researchers, clinicians and policymakers should be careful about potential prevalence differences among type of sports and diagnostic criteria. Current low-quality evidence shows that future high-quality studies are likely to impact on the estimated prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda O Madaleno
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna A Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vanessa L Araújo
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vinicius C Oliveira
- Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM), Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renan A Resende
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Physical Education, Physical Therapy and Occupational Therapy, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Li H, Xie S, Qi Y, Li H, Zhang R, Lian Y. TNF-α increases the expression of inflammatory factors in synovial fibroblasts by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway in a rat model of monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis. Exp Ther Med 2018; 16:4737-4744. [PMID: 30542428 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2018.6770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis is a degenerative disease that often causes patients to experience joint pain and deformity. It has been demonstrated that tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is associated with the progression of osteoarthritis; however, to the best of our knowledge, the mechanisms by which TNF-α simulates the progression of osteoarthritis and the signaling pathway(s) it influences remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of TNF-α inhibitor in an iodoacetate-induced rat model of osteoarthritis and identify its potential mechanisms of action. Western blotting, ELISA and histological analyses were performed to assess the effects of the TNF-α inhibitor on osteoarthritis. The effects of TNF-α and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibition on synovial fibroblasts isolated from rats with osteoarthritis were tested in vitro. Furthermore, the expression of various inflammatory cytokines and the PI3K/protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway were assessed in vitro. The results indicated that the inflammatory factors TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-17a and IL-8 were upregulated in synovial fibroblasts taken from rats with osteoarthritis compared with normal rats. By contrast, TNF-α inhibition downregulated IL-1β, IL-17a and IL-8 expression in synovial fibroblasts in vitro. The PI3K/AKT pathway was also upregulated in synovial fibroblasts harvested from rats with osteoarthritis compared with that in normal rats. It was demonstrated that treatment with the TNF-α inhibitor downregulated the serum and protein levels of IL-1β, IL-17a and IL-8 in rats with osteoarthritis. Furthermore, treatment with the TNF-α inhibitor also decreased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-3, MMP-9, vascular endothelial growth factor and ADAMTS4 expression in synovial fibroblasts isolated from rats with osteoarthritis. Treatment with the TNF-α inhibitor also inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway in synovial fibroblasts isolated from rats with osteoarthritis. Treatment with the PI3K inhibitor ameliorated TNF-α-induced increases in IL-1β, IL-17a and IL-8 expression in synovial fibroblasts isolated from rats with osteoarthritis. Furthermore, treatment with the TNF-α inhibitor decreased inflammation, as well as joint and cartilage destruction in vivo. Taken together, the results of the present study indicate that TNF-α inhibition may downregulate the expression of inflammatory factors in synovial fibroblasts, suggesting that TNF-α inhibition may be a novel method for treating osteoarthritis by downregulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Shujuan Xie
- Community Center, Harbin First Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yunlong Qi
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Huazhe Li
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
| | - Yongyun Lian
- Department of Orthopedics, The Fourth Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150001, P.R. China
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O’Brien J, Finch CF, Pruna R, McCall A. A new model for injury prevention in team sports: the Team-sport Injury Prevention (TIP) cycle. SCI MED FOOTBALL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/24733938.2018.1512752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James O’Brien
- Research & Development Department, FC Red Bull Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- School of Health and Life Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Australia
| | - Caroline F. Finch
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ricard Pruna
- Medical Department, FC Barcelona,Ciutat Esportiva Joan Gamper, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan McCall
- Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, School of Applied Sciences, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
- Research & Development Department, Arsenal Football Club, London, UK
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Ali Khan MM, Siddiqui AA, Yaqoob U, Yaqub MD, Khan OJ, -Ul-Haq F. Post-football Gonathrosis: Injuries and Surgeries are A Risk. Cureus 2018; 10:e2953. [PMID: 30214841 PMCID: PMC6132680 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.2953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Football is one of the most popular sports in the world. Many studies have shown there is a high incidence of gonarthrosis in football players. The reason for this increase is said to be injuries to the meniscus, the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and the resulting surgeries. The incidence is significantly increased in players with knee injuries. The knee is also the most commonly injured site in football and the most common cause of surgery in football players. Together these injuries, particularly of the ACL or meniscus and the resulting surgeries, increase the risk of developing gonarthrosis in post-football years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeel A Siddiqui
- Orthopedic Surgery, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Uzair Yaqoob
- Surgery, Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, PAK
| | | | - Osama J Khan
- Sindh Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
| | - Faizan -Ul-Haq
- Sindh Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, PAK
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Gouttebarge V, Aoki H, Kerkhoffs GMMJ. Knee osteoarthritis in professional football is related to severe knee injury and knee surgery. Inj Epidemiol 2018; 5:26. [PMID: 29911282 PMCID: PMC6004342 DOI: 10.1186/s40621-018-0157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a consequence of severe knee injuries, knee osteoarthritis (OA) seems prevalent in retired professional footballers. However, some epidemiological data remain missing, for instance whether knee OA is also prevalent in current professional footballers, whether knee OA is associated with knee injuries and surgeries, and whether knee OA leads to a lower level of functioning. Therefore, three research questions were answered: (i) what is the prevalence of knee osteoarthritis (OA) among current and retired professional footballers? (ii) is severe knee injury or knee surgery associated with knee OA among current and retired professional footballers? (iii) what are the consequences of knee OA on physical knee function among current and retired professional footballers? METHODS An observational study based on a cross-sectional design by means of questionnaires was conducted. Participants were current and retired professional footballers recruited by the World Players' Union (FIFPro). Information about severe knee injury and knee OA was gathered (medical record or team doctor), while physical knee function was assessed through a validated scale. RESULTS A total of 1360 participants (964 current and 396 retired professional footballers) were enrolled in the study (response rate of 54%). Prevalence of knee OA was 13% among current players and 28% among retired players (p < 0.01), being higher among older players. Current and retired professional footballers were nearly twice as likely to suffer from knee OA by every additional severe knee injury and by every additional knee surgery (risk ratio: 1.72-1.96; p < 0.01). Current and retired professional footballers with knee OA reported a lower level of physical knee function than current and retired players without OA (p < 0.01), their physical knee function being also lower than reference values (adult population, young athletic population and amateur footballers). CONCLUSION The prevalence of knee OA was higher among retired than among current professional footballers and reached up to 40%, leading to negative consequences for their physical knee function. Current and retired professional footballers were nearly twice as likely to suffer from knee OA by every additional severe knee injury and by every additional knee surgery incurred during their career. Management of knee OA should be prioritized among professional footballers, especially to prevent the worsening of the condition during their retirement years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Gouttebarge
- World Players' Union (FIFPro), Scorpius 161, 2132 LR, Hoofddorp, The Netherlands. .,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Haruhito Aoki
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan.,Yokohama City Sports Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gino M M J Kerkhoffs
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence based Sports medicine (ACES), Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Amsterdam Collaboration on Health & Safety in Sports (ACHSS), AMC/VUmc IOC Research Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Exercise-based injury prevention in football. GERMAN JOURNAL OF EXERCISE AND SPORT RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12662-018-0505-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Bakken A, Targett S, Bere T, Eirale C, Farooq A, Mosler AB, Tol JL, Whiteley R, Khan KM, Bahr R. Muscle Strength Is a Poor Screening Test for Predicting Lower Extremity Injuries in Professional Male Soccer Players: A 2-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Am J Sports Med 2018. [PMID: 29533672 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518756028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower extremity muscle strength tests are commonly used to screen for injury risk in professional soccer. However, there is limited evidence on the ability of such tests in predicting future injuries. PURPOSE To examine the association between hip and thigh muscle strength and the risk of lower extremity injuries in professional male soccer players. STUDY DESIGN Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. METHODS Professional male soccer players from 14 teams in Qatar underwent a comprehensive strength assessment at the beginning of the 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 seasons. Testing consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring isokinetic peak torques, eccentric hip adduction and abduction forces, and bilateral isometric adductor force (squeeze test at 45°). Time-loss injuries and exposure in training and matches were registered prospectively by club medical staff throughout each season. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. RESULTS In total, 369 players completed all strength tests and had registered injury and exposure data. Of these, 206 players (55.8%) suffered 538 lower extremity injuries during the 2 seasons; acute muscle injuries were the most frequent. Of the 20 strength measures examined, greater quadriceps concentric peak torque at 300 deg/s (HR, 1.005 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01]; P = .037) was the only strength measure identified as significantly associated with a risk of lower extremity injuries in multivariate analysis. Greater quadriceps concentric peak torque at 60 deg/s (HR, 1.004 [95% CI, 1.00-1.01]; P = .026) was associated with the risk of overuse injuries, and greater bilateral adductor strength adjusted for body weight (HR, 0.75 [95% CI, 0.57-0.97; P = .032) was associated with a lower risk for any knee injury. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses indicated poor predictive ability of the significant strength variables (area under the curve, 0.45-0.56). CONCLUSION There was a weak association with the risk of lower extremity injuries for 2 strength variables: greater quadriceps concentric muscle strength at (1) high and (2) low speeds. These associations were too small to identify an "at-risk" player. Therefore, strength testing, as performed in the present study, cannot be recommended as a screening test to predict injuries in professional male soccer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnhild Bakken
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Sport Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Targett
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tone Bere
- Department of Sport Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
| | | | | | - Andrea B Mosler
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,La Trobe Sport and Exercise Medicine Research Centre, School of Allied Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Johannes L Tol
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,The Sports Physician Group, Department of Sports Medicine, Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Academic Center for Evidence-Based Sports Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rod Whiteley
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar
| | - Karim M Khan
- Centre for Hip Health and Mobility, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Family Practice and School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Roald Bahr
- Aspetar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Sport Medicine, Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Iacono AD, Buksbaum C, Padulo J, Hetsroni I, Ben-Sira D, Ayalon M. Isokinetic moment curve abnormalities are associated with articular knee lesions. Biol Sport 2018; 35:83-91. [PMID: 30237665 PMCID: PMC6135969 DOI: 10.5114/biolsport.2018.71486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to test whether lesions of the medial meniscus (MM) and of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are associated with specific abnormalities of isokinetic moment curves (IMCs). Fifty-four young adults (20 active healthy people, and 34 patients with unilateral knee injuries) were assessed through knee extensor and flexor isokinetic tests at 60°/s. Qualitative IMC analysis was performed using a novel classification system which identified three distinct abnormal shapes. The chi-squared (χ2) test was used to determine the inter-individual and intra-individual differences between the groups. Quantitative IMC inter-group comparisons were performed by a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Knees with MM and ACL lesions were consistently associated with IMC shape irregularities (p<0.001) and with abnormal quantitative scores (p<0.001). More specifically, knees with isolated ACL lesions and knees with combined ACL and MM lesions presented similar distribution of knee extensor and flexor IMC irregularities, which was not present in knees with isolated MM lesions. A possible association between specific knee pathologies and IMC irregularities was identified (all p<0.05). In conclusion, different knee pathologies may be associated with different qualitative IMCs, which could be used as an additional presentation tool in clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Dello Iacono
- Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Chen Buksbaum
- Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Johnny Padulo
- University eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
- University of Split, Faculty of Kinesiology, Split, Croatia
| | - Iftach Hetsroni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Meir General Hospital, Kfar Saba, Israel Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - David Ben-Sira
- Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
| | - Moshe Ayalon
- Zinman College of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Wingate Institute, Netanya, Israel
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Petrillo S, Papalia R, Maffulli N, Volpi P, Denaro V. Osteoarthritis of the hip and knee in former male professional soccer players. Br Med Bull 2018; 125:121-130. [PMID: 29385409 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/ldy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 01/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Professional soccer (PS) players are at great risk of osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee and hip. SOURCES OF DATA Following the PRISMA guidelines, the key words 'osteoarthritis' and 'soccer' or 'football' were matched with 'players' or 'former' or 'retired' and with 'hip' or 'knee' on December 24, 2017 in the following databases: PubMed, Cochrane, Google scholar, Embase and Ovid. Only comparative studies reporting the prevalence rate of OA of both hip and knee joint in former PS athletes (fPSa) and age and sex matched controls were considered. AREAS OF AGREEMENT In fPSa, the prevalence rate of OA of both hip and knee is significantly higher compared to age and sex matched controls. AREAS OF CONTROVERSY The pathological pathways responsible for the development of OA of the hip and knee in PS athletes (PSa) are still not clearly understood. GROWING POINTS The prevalence rate of clinical OA of the hip was 8.6% in fPSa and 5.6% in controls (odd ratio (OR) = 1.5; 95% CI: 1.06-2.31). The radiographic rate of OA was 21.2% in fPSa and 9.8% in controls (OR = 2.4; 95% CI: 1.66-3.69). A total of 14.6 and 53.7% of fPSa presented clinical and radiographic signs of OA of the knee, respectively, vs 12.9% (OR = 1.16; 95% CI: 0.86-1.55) and 31.9% (OR = 2.47; 95% CI: 2.03-3.00) of controls. Sonographic evidence of OA of the knee was found in 52% of fPSa and 33% of controls (OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.24-3.89). AREAS TIMELY FOR DEVELOPING RESEARCH Preventive training programmes should be developed to reduce the number of fPSa presenting early OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Petrillo
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Papalia
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Musculoskeletal Disorders, University of Salerno School of Medicine and Surgery, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132 - 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.,Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Mile End Hospital, 275 Bancroft Road, London E1 4DG, England
| | - Piero Volpi
- Knee Surgery and Sports Traumatology Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Denaro
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, Campus Bio-Medico University, Via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128 Trigoria, Rome, Italy
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47
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Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent joint disease characterized by pain and degenerative lesions of the cartilage, subchondral bone, and other joint tissues. The causes of OA remain incompletely understood. Over the years, it has become recognized that OA is a multifactorial disease. In particular, aging and trauma are the main risk factors identified for the development of OA; however, other factors such as genetic predisposition, obesity, inflammation, gender and hormones, or metabolic syndrome contribute to OA development and lead to a more severe outcome. While this disease mainly affects people older than 60 years, OA developed after joint trauma affects all range ages and has a particular impact on young individuals and people who have highest levels of physical activity such as athletes. Traumatic injury to the joint often results in joint instability or intra-articular fractures which lead to posttraumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). In response to injury, several molecular mechanisms are activated, increasing the production and activation of different factors that contribute to the progression of OA.In this chapter, we have focused on the interactions and contribution of the multiple factors involved in joint destruction and progression of OA. In addition, we overview the main changes and molecular mechanisms related to OA pathogenesis.
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Grazina R, Andrade R, Bastos R, Costa D, Pereira R, Marinhas J, Maestro A, Espregueira-Mendes J. Clinical Management in Early OA. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1059:111-135. [PMID: 29736571 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-76735-2_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Knee osteoarthritis affects an important percentage of the population throughout their life. Several factors seem to be related to the development of knee osteoarthritis including genetic predisposition, gender, age, meniscal deficiency, lower limb malalignments, joint instability, cartilage defects, and increasing sports participation. The latter has contributed to a higher prevalence of early onset of knee osteoarthritis at younger ages with this active population demanding more consistent and durable outcomes. The diagnosis is complex and the common signs and symptoms are often cloaked at these early stages. Classification systems have been developed and are based on the presence of knee pain and radiographic findings coupled with magnetic resonance or arthroscopic evidence of early joint degeneration. Nonsurgical treatment is often the first-line option and is mainly based on daily life adaptations, weight loss, and exercise, with pharmacological agents having only a symptomatic role. Surgical treatment shows positive results in relieving the joint symptomatology, increasing the knee function and delaying the development to further degenerative stages. Biologic therapies are an emerging field showing early promising results; however, further high-level research is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Grazina
- Orthopaedic Surgery at Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho E.P.E, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Renato Andrade
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Bastos
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal.,Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi/Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Costa
- SMIC Dragão - Serviço Médico de Imagem Computorizada, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rogério Pereira
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Marinhas
- Orthopaedic Surgery at Centro Hospitalar de Vila Nova de Gaia/Espinho E.P.E, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal.,Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal.,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Maestro
- Real Sporting de Gijón SAD, Gijón, Spain.,FREMAP Mutua de Accidentes, Gijón, Spain
| | - João Espregueira-Mendes
- Clínica do Dragão, Espregueira-Mendes Sports Centre - FIFA Medical Centre of Excellence, Porto, Portugal. .,Dom Henrique Research Centre, Porto, Portugal. .,Orthopaedics Department of Minho University, Minho, Portugal. .,3B's Research Group-Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal. .,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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Fernandes GS, Parekh SM, Moses J, Fuller C, Scammell B, Batt ME, Zhang W, Doherty M. Prevalence of knee pain, radiographic osteoarthritis and arthroplasty in retired professional footballers compared with men in the general population: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med 2017; 52:678-683. [PMID: 29101102 PMCID: PMC5931242 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-097503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence of knee pain, radiographic knee osteoarthritis (RKOA), total knee replacement (TKR) and associated risk factors in male ex-professional footballers compared with men in the general population (comparison group). Methods 1207 male ex-footballers and 4085 men in the general population in the UK were assessed by postal questionnaire. Current knee pain was defined as pain in or around the knees on most days of the previous month. Presence and severity of RKOA were assessed on standardised radiographs using the Nottingham Line Drawing Atlas (NLDA) in a subsample of 470 ex-footballers and 491 men in the comparison group. The adjusted risk ratio (aRR) and adjusted risk difference (aRD) with 95% CI in ex-footballers compared with the general population were calculated using the marginal model in Stata. Results Ex-footballers were more likely than the comparison group to have current knee pain (aRR 1.91, 95% CI 1.77 to 2.06), RKOA (aRR 2.21, 95% CI 1.92 to 2.54) and TKR (aRR 3.61, 95% CI 2.90 to 4.50). Ex-footballers were also more likely to present with chondrocalcinosis (aRR 3.41, 95% CI 2.44 to 4.77). Prevalence of knee pain and RKOA were higher in ex-footballers at all ages. However, even after adjustment for significant knee injury and other risk factors, there was more than a doubling of risk of these outcomes in footballers. Conclusions The prevalence of all knee osteoarthritis outcomes (knee pain, RKOA and TKR) were two to three times higher in male ex-footballers compared with men in the general population group. Knee injury is the main attributable risk factor. Even after adjustment for recognised risk factors, knee osteoarthritis appear to be an occupational hazard of professional football.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwen Sascha Fernandes
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sanjay Mukund Parekh
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Jonathan Moses
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Colin Fuller
- Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Colin Fuller Consultancy Ltd, Sutton Bonnington, UK
| | - Brigitte Scammell
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mark Edward Batt
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - Weiya Zhang
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Michael Doherty
- Division of Rheumatology, Orthopaedics and Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Centre for Sports, Exercise and Osteoarthritis, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK.,Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
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50
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Thijs K, Huisstede B, Goedhart E, Backx F. The preventive effect of a soccer-specific ankle brace on acute lateral ankle sprains in girls amateur soccer players: study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Inj Prev 2017; 25:152-156. [PMID: 28751531 DOI: 10.1136/injuryprev-2017-042465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lateral ankle sprains are the single most often diagnosed injury in female soccer players and often result in an inability to play. This highlights the need for effective prevention strategies. Proprioceptive training and/or the use of an external support to decrease inversion of the ankle joint can prevent or reduce the number of acute lateral ankle sprains. The effectiveness of a soccer-specific ankle brace in reducing first-time and recurrent acute lateral ankle sprains has never been investigated in girl soccer players. If effective, ankle braces could be introduced into soccer. STUDY DESIGN Cluster-randomised controlled trial. METHODS Girl amateur soccer players (aged 14-18 years) will be allocated to an intervention or control group. The intervention group will be instructed to wear soccer-specific ankle braces on both ankles during soccer training and matches; the control group will continue playing soccer as usual. Primary outcomes are the incidence and severity of acute lateral ankle sprains. Secondary outcomes are the prognostic value of generalised joint hypermobility and functional stability on the risk of acute lateral ankle sprains and compliance with the intervention. DISCUSSION The findings from this study may provide evidence to support the use of a soccer-specific ankle brace to prevent lateral ankle sprains during soccer. We hypothesise that this brace will reduce the incidence of ankle sprains among young amateur girl soccer players by 50%. The prevention of such injuries will be beneficial to players, clubs and society. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER The Netherlands Trial Register (NTR): NTR6045; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Thijs
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Sports Medical Centre, FIFA Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Football Association, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Bionka Huisstede
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Edwin Goedhart
- Sports Medical Centre, FIFA Medical Center, Royal Netherlands Football Association, Zeist, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Backx
- Department of Rehabilitation, Physical Therapy Science & Sports, University Medical Center Utrecht, Rudolf Magnus Institute of Neurosciences, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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