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Dwivedi N, Patra B, Mentink-Vigier F, Wi S, Sinha N. Unveiling Charge-Pair Salt-Bridge Interaction Between GAGs and Collagen Protein in Cartilage: Atomic Evidence from DNP-Enhanced ssNMR at Natural Isotopic Abundance. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38980938 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The interactions between glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and proteins are essential in numerous biochemical processes that involve ion-pair interactions. However, there is no evidence of direct and specific interactions between GAGs and collagen proteins in native cartilage. The resolution of solid-state NMR (ssNMR) can offer such information but the detection of GAG interactions in cartilage is limited by the sensitivity of the experiments when 13C and 15N isotopes are at natural abundance. In this communication, this limitation is overcome by taking advantage of dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP)-enhanced magic-angle spinning (MAS) experiments to obtain two-dimensional (2D) 15N-13C and 13C-13C correlations on native samples at natural abundance. These experiments unveiled inter-residue correlations in the aliphatic regions of the collagen protein previously unobserved. Additionally, our findings provide direct evidence of charge-pair salt-bridge interactions between negatively charged GAGs and positively charged arginine (Arg) residues of collagen protein. We also identified potential hydrogen bonding interactions between hydroxyproline (Hyp) and GAGs, offering atomic insights into the biochemical interactions within the extracellular matrix of native cartilage. Our approach may provide a new avenue for the structural characterization of other native systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Navneet Dwivedi
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
| | - Bijaylaxmi Patra
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Frederic Mentink-Vigier
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Sungsool Wi
- National High Magnetic Field Laboratory, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310, United States
| | - Neeraj Sinha
- Centre of Biomedical Research, SGPGIMS Campus, Raebareli Road, Lucknow 226014, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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2
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Rathnayake MSB, Boos MA, Farrugia BL, van Osch GJVM, Stok KS. Glycosaminoglycan-Mediated Interactions in Articular, Auricular, Meniscal, and Nasal Cartilage. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2024. [PMID: 38613808 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are ubiquitous components in the cartilage extracellular matrix (ECM). Ultrastructural arrangement of ECM and GAG-mediated interactions with collagen are known to govern the mechanics in articular cartilage, but these interactions are less clear in other cartilage types. Therefore, this article reviews the current literature on ultrastructure of articular, auricular, meniscal, and nasal septal cartilage, seeking insight into GAG-mediated interactions influencing mechanics. Ultrastructural features of these cartilages are discussed to highlight differences between them. GAG-mediated interactions are reviewed under two categories: interactions with chondrocytes and interactions with other fibrillar macromolecules of the ECM. Moreover, efforts to replicate GAG-mediated interactions to improve mechanical integrity of tissue-engineered cartilage constructs are discussed. In conclusion, studies exploring cartilage specific GAGs are poorly represented in the literature, and the ultrastructure of nasal septal and auricular cartilage is less studied compared with articular and meniscal cartilages. Understanding the contribution of GAGs in cartilage mechanics at the ultrastructural level and translating that knowledge to engineered cartilage will facilitate improvement of cartilage tissue engineering approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manula S B Rathnayake
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Manuela A Boos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Brooke L Farrugia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Graeme Clark Institute for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gerjo J V M van Osch
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery and Department of Orthopaedics and Sports Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kathryn S Stok
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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3
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Serwanja J, Wieland AC, Haubenhofer A, Brandstetter H, Schönauer E. A conserved strategy to attack collagen: The activator domain in bacterial collagenases unwinds triple-helical collagen. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2321002121. [PMID: 38593072 PMCID: PMC11032491 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2321002121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Bacterial collagenases are important virulence factors, secreted by several pathogenic Clostridium, Bacillus, Spirochaetes, and Vibrio species. Yet, the mechanism by which these enzymes cleave collagen is not well understood. Based on biochemical and mutational studies we reveal that collagenase G (ColG) from Hathewaya histolytica recognizes and processes collagen substrates differently depending on their nature (fibrillar vs. soluble collagen); distinct dynamic interactions between the activator and peptidase domain are required based on the substrate type. Using biochemical and circular dichroism studies, we identify the presumed noncatalytic activator domain as the single-domain triple helicase that unwinds collagen locally, transiently, and reversibly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamil Serwanja
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (CTBI), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
| | - Alexander C. Wieland
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (CTBI), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
| | - Astrid Haubenhofer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (CTBI), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (CTBI), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
| | - Esther Schönauer
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
- Center for Tumor Biology and Immunology (CTBI), Paris-Lodron University of Salzburg, SalzburgA-5020, Austria
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4
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Yordanov TE, Keyser MS, Enriquez Martinez MA, Esposito T, Tefft JB, Morris EK, Labzin LI, Stehbens SJ, Rowan AE, Hogan BM, Chen CS, Lauko J, Lagendijk AK. Hyaluronic acid turnover controls the severity of cerebral cavernous malformations in bioengineered human micro-vessels. APL Bioeng 2024; 8:016108. [PMID: 38352162 PMCID: PMC10864035 DOI: 10.1063/5.0159330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are vascular lesions that predominantly form in blood vessels of the central nervous system upon loss of the CCM multimeric protein complex. The endothelial cells within CCM lesions are characterized by overactive MEKK3 kinase and KLF2/4 transcription factor signaling, leading to pathological changes such as increased endothelial cell spreading and reduced junctional integrity. Concomitant to aberrant endothelial cell signaling, non-autonomous signals from the extracellular matrix (ECM) have also been implicated in CCM lesion growth and these factors might explain why CCM lesions mainly develop in the central nervous system. Here, we adapted a three-dimensional microfluidic system to examine CCM1 deficient human micro-vessels in distinctive extracellular matrices. We validate that pathological hallmarks are maintained in this model. We further show that key genes responsible for homeostasis of hyaluronic acid, a major extracellular matrix component of the central nervous system, are dysregulated in CCM. Supplementing the matrix in our model with distinct forms of hyaluronic acid inhibits pathological cell spreading and rescues barrier function. Hyaluronic acid acts by dampening cell-matrix adhesion signaling in CCM, either downstream or in parallel of KLF2/4. This study provides a proof-of-principle that ECM embedded 3D microfluidic models are ideally suited to identify how changes in ECM structure and signaling impact vascular malformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodor E. Yordanov
- Centre for Cell Biology and Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mikaela S. Keyser
- Centre for Cell Biology and Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marco A. Enriquez Martinez
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Juliann B. Tefft
- The Biological Design Center and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, 02215, USA
| | - Elysse K. Morris
- Centre for Cell Biology and Chronic Disease, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Alan E. Rowan
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Jan Lauko
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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5
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Hatami-Marbini H, Mehr JA. Regional differences in electroactive response of the sclera. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2024; 238:149-159. [PMID: 38294347 DOI: 10.1177/09544119231217240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The sclera exhibits mechanical response when subjected to an external electric stimulation. The scleral electroactive response is a function of its charge density, mechanical properties, thickness, and strength of the applied electric voltage. The primary objective of the present work was to investigate the regional differences in the electroactive response of porcine sclera. To this end, we cut scleral strips in meridional directions from superior-temporal, superior-nasal, inferior-temporal, and inferior-nasal quadrants. In addition, we excised samples circumferentially from the posterior, equatorial, and anterior regions. The electroactive bending response of these samples was measured under 10 and 15 V in 0.15 M NaCl solution. The meridional samples were tested under two different configurations by clamping them either from their anterior or posterior end. It was observed that the scleral electroactive deformation increased with increasing the the electric voltage. Furthermore, regardless of the region from which meridional strips were excised, their electroactive response was considerably larger when they were clamped from their anterior end. Unlike meridional strips, the electroactive response of circumferential samples was significantly dependent on the location, that is, the average maximum bending angle of posterior samples was significantly larger than that of equatorial and anterior strips. The regionally different electroactive bending response of the sclera was discussed in terms of the variation in its biochemical and biomechanical properties throughout the eyeball.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hatami-Marbini
- Computational Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jafar Arash Mehr
- Computational Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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6
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Cortes-Medina M, Bushman AR, Beshay PE, Adorno JJ, Menyhert MM, Hildebrand RM, Agarwal SS, Avendano A, Friedman AK, Song JW. Chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid differentially modify the biophysical properties of collagen-based hydrogels. Acta Biomater 2024; 174:116-126. [PMID: 38101556 PMCID: PMC10842894 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Fibrillar collagens and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are structural biomolecules that are natively abundant to the extracellular matrix (ECM). Prior studies have quantified the effects of GAGs on the bulk mechanical properties of the ECM. However, there remains a lack of experimental studies on how GAGs alter other biophysical properties of the ECM, including ones that operate at the length scales of individual cells such as mass transport efficiency and matrix microstructure. This study focuses on the GAG molecules chondroitin sulfate (CS), dermatan sulfate (DS), and hyaluronic acid (HA). CS and DS are stereoisomers while HA is the only non-sulfated GAG. We characterized and decoupled the effects of these GAG molecules on the stiffness, transport, and matrix microarchitecture properties of type I collagen hydrogels using mechanical indentation testing, microfluidics, and confocal reflectance imaging, respectively. We complement these biophysical measurements with turbidity assays to profile collagen aggregate formation. Surprisingly, only HA enhanced the ECM indentation modulus, while all three GAGs had no effect on hydraulic permeability. Strikingly, we show that CS, DS, and HA differentially regulate the matrix microarchitecture of hydrogels due to their alterations to the kinetics of collagen self-assembly. In addition to providing information on how GAGs define key physical properties of the ECM, this work shows new ways in which stiffness measurements, microfluidics, microscopy, and turbidity kinetics can be used complementarily to reveal details of collagen self-assembly and structure. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Collagen and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are integral to the structure, function, and bioactivity of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Despite widespread interest in collagen-GAG composite hydrogels, there is a lack of quantitative understanding of how different GAGs alter the biophysical properties of the ECM across tissue, cellular, and subcellular length scales. Here we show using mechanical, microfluidic, microscopy, and analytical methods and measurements that the GAG molecules chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, and hyaluronic acid differentially regulate the mechanical, transport, and microstructural properties of hydrogels due to their alterations to the kinetics of collagen self-assembly. As such, these results will inform improved design and utilization of collagen-based scaffolds of tailored composition, mechanical properties, molecular availability due to mass transport, and microarchitecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Cortes-Medina
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Andrew R Bushman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Peter E Beshay
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan J Adorno
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Miles M Menyhert
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Riley M Hildebrand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Shashwat S Agarwal
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Alex Avendano
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Alicia K Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA
| | - Jonathan W Song
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA; The Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH 43210, USA.
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7
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Drysdale A, Unsworth AJ, White SJ, Jones S. The Contribution of Vascular Proteoglycans to Atherothrombosis: Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11854. [PMID: 37511615 PMCID: PMC10380219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by endothelial and smooth muscle cells is composed of collagens and glycoproteins and plays an integral role in regulating the structure and function of the vascular wall. Alteration in the expression of these proteins is associated with endothelial dysfunction and has been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The ECM composition of atherosclerotic plaques varies depending on plaque phenotype and vulnerability, with distinct differences observed between ruptured and erodes plaques. Moreover, the thrombi on the exposed ECM are diverse in structure and composition, suggesting that the best antithrombotic approach may differ depending on plaque phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of proteoglycans in atherogenesis and thrombosis. It discusses the differential expression of the proteoglycans in different plaque phenotypes and the potential impact on platelet function and thrombosis. Finally, the review highlights the importance of this concept in developing a targeted approach to antithrombotic treatments to improve clinical outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Drysdale
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Stephen J. White
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
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8
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Berdiaki A, Giatagana EM, Tzanakakis G, Nikitovic D. The Landscape of Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycan Impact on Cancer Pathogenesis with a Focus on Biglycan and Lumican. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3549. [PMID: 37509212 PMCID: PMC10377491 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15143549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer development is a multifactorial procedure that involves changes in the cell microenvironment and specific modulations in cell functions. A tumor microenvironment contains tumor cells, non-malignant cells, blood vessels, cells of the immune system, stromal cells, and the extracellular matrix (ECM). The small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are a family of nineteen proteoglycans, which are ubiquitously expressed among mammalian tissues and especially abundant in the ECM. SLRPs are divided into five canonical classes (classes I-III, containing fourteen members) and non-canonical classes (classes IV-V, including five members) based on their amino-acid structural sequence, chromosomal organization, and functional properties. Variations in both the protein core structure and glycosylation status lead to SLRP-specific interactions with cell membrane receptors, cytokines, growth factors, and structural ECM molecules. SLRPs have been implicated in the regulation of cancer growth, motility, and invasion, as well as in cancer-associated inflammation and autophagy, highlighting their crucial role in the processes of carcinogenesis. Except for the class I SLRP decorin, to which an anti-tumorigenic role has been attributed, other SLPRs' roles have not been fully clarified. This review will focus on the functions of the class I and II SLRP members biglycan and lumican, which are correlated to various aspects of cancer development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aikaterini Berdiaki
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Eirini-Maria Giatagana
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - George Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Dragana Nikitovic
- Laboratory of Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
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9
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Gesteira TF, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Small leucine rich proteoglycans: Biology, function and their therapeutic potential in the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:521-536. [PMID: 37355022 PMCID: PMC11092928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family of proteoglycans, with 18 members that are subdivided into five classes. SLRPs are small in size and can be present in tissues as glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins, and the most studied SLRPs include decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan and fibromodulin. SLRPs specifically bind to collagen fibrils, regulating collagen fibrillogenesis and the biomechanical properties of tissues, and are expressed at particularly high levels in fibrous tissues, such as the cornea. However, SLRPs are also very active components of the ECM, interacting with numerous growth factors, cytokines and cell surface receptors. Therefore, SLRPs regulate major cellular processes and have a central role in major fundamental biological processes, such as maintaining corneal homeostasis and transparency and regulating corneal wound healing. Over the years, mutations and/or altered expression of SLRPs have been associated with various corneal diseases, such as congenital stromal corneal dystrophy and cornea plana. Recently, there has been great interest in harnessing the various functions of SLRPs for therapeutic purposes. In this comprehensive review, we describe the structural features and the related functions of SLRPs, and how these affect the therapeutic potential of SLRPs, with special emphasis on the use of SLRPs for treating ocular surface pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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10
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Xu R, Zhou Z, Lin D, Yuan L, Wang S, Xu M, Chen Y, Hu X. Enhancing effects of immobilized chondroitin sulfate on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells and reparative dentin formation. J Endod 2023:S0099-2399(23)00240-6. [PMID: 37150292 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a major proteoglycan involved in the mineralization of the organic matrix of dentin. In this study, the roles of CS immobilized in crosslinked collagen I hydrogels (CS-Col I) on odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) and reparative dentin formation were investigated. METHODS Different concentrations of CS were incorporated into the genipin- crosslinked Col I hydrogels (CS-0.05, CS-0.1, and CS-0.2 respectively). The influences of CS on proliferation and odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs were investigated. Finally, the effect of the functionalized hydrogel on the formation of reparative dentin was analyzed in a rat pulp capping model in vivo. RESULTS CS improved the proliferation of DPSCs seeded on the hydrogels (p<0.05). CS also enhanced the mineralization activities and increased the expression levels of the odontogenic related proteins of DPSCs on day 7 and day 14 (p<0.05). In vivo, CS-0.1 hydrogel induced reparative dentin formation with higher quality compared to mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA). CONCLUSION CS immobilized in Col I hydrogels could induce odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs in vitro and promote homogeneous mineralized barrier formation in vivo. CS-Col I hydrogel has the potential for reparative dentin formation of high quality in direct pulp capping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoman Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key, Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Ziyu Zhou
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key, Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Danle Lin
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key, Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Lingling Yuan
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key, Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Siyu Wang
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key, Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Meng Xu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key, Laboratory of Stomatology
| | - Yanan Chen
- Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University
| | - Xiaoli Hu
- Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key, Laboratory of Stomatology.
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11
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Heath S, Han Y, Hua R, Roy A, Jiang J, Nyman JS, Wang X. Assessment of glycosaminoglycan content in bone using Raman spectroscopy. Bone 2023; 171:116751. [PMID: 36996996 PMCID: PMC10152494 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2023.116751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are responsible for preserving bone tissue toughness as well as regulating collagen formation and mineralization in the extracellular matrix. However, current methods for characterization of GAGs in bone are destructive, thus unable to capture in situ changes or differences in GAGs between experimental groups. As an alternative, Raman spectroscopy is a non-destructive method and can detect concurrent changes in GAGs and other bone constituents. In this study, we hypothesized that the two most prominent Raman peaks of sulfated GAGs (at ~1066 cm-1 and at ~1378 cm-1) could be used to detect differences in GAGs content of bone. To test this hypothesis, three experimental models were utilized: an in vitro model (enzymatic removal of GAGs from human cadaver bone), an in vivo mouse model (biglycan KO vs. WT), and an ex vivo aging model (comparing cadaveric bone samples from young and old donors). All Raman measurements were compared to Alcian blue measurements to confirm the validity of Raman spectroscopy in detecting GAGs changes in bone. Irrespective of different models, it was found that the ~1378 cm-1 peak in Raman spectra of bone was uniquely sensitive to changes of GAGs content in bone when normalized with respect to the phosphate phase (~960 cm-1); i.e., 1378 cm-1/960 cm-1 (peak intensity ratio) or 1370-1385 cm-1/930-980 cm-1 (integrated peak area ratio). In contrast, the 1070 cm-1 peak, which includes another major peak of GAGs (1066 cm-1), seemed to be compromised to detect changes of GAGs in bone due to concurrent changes of carbonate (CO3) in the similar peak range. This study validates the ability of Raman spectroscopy to detect in situ treatment-, genotype-, and age-related changes in GAG levels of bone matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yan Han
- Mechanical, San Antonio, USA
| | - Rui Hua
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, USA
| | - Anuradha Roy
- Business University of Texas at San Antonio, USA
| | - Jean Jiang
- Biochemistry and Structural Biology, UT Health San Antonio, USA
| | - Jeffry S Nyman
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Xiaodu Wang
- Mechanical, San Antonio, USA; Biomedical Engineering, San Antonio, USA.
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12
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Hashimoto A, Hirose T, Hashimoto K, Mizumoto S, Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Saka S, Yoshizawa T, Okada T, Yamada S, Kosho T, Watanabe T, Miyata S, Nomura Y. Collagen Network Formation in In Vitro Models of Musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020308. [PMID: 36833235 PMCID: PMC9957042 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function mutations in carbohydrate sulfotransferase 14 (CHST14) cause musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-CHST14 (mcEDS-CHST14), characterized by multiple congenital malformations and progressive connective tissue fragility-related manifestations in the cutaneous, skeletal, cardiovascular, visceral and ocular system. The replacement of dermatan sulfate chains on decorin proteoglycan with chondroitin sulfate chains is proposed to lead to the disorganization of collagen networks in the skin. However, the pathogenic mechanisms of mcEDS-CHST14 are not fully understood, partly due to the lack of in vitro models of this disease. In the present study, we established in vitro models of fibroblast-mediated collagen network formation that recapacitate mcEDS-CHST14 pathology. Electron microscopy analysis of mcEDS-CHST14-mimicking collagen gels revealed an impaired fibrillar organization that resulted in weaker mechanical strength of the gels. The addition of decorin isolated from patients with mcEDS-CHST14 and Chst14-/- mice disturbed the assembly of collagen fibrils in vitro compared to control decorin. Our study may provide useful in vitro models of mcEDS-CHST14 to elucidate the pathomechanism of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takuya Hirose
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kohei Hashimoto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shota Saka
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Division of Molecular and Medical Genetics, Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya 468-8503, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
- Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Matsumoto 390-8621, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu 069-8501, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinji Miyata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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13
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Burns JS, Kassem M. Identifying Biomarkers for Osteogenic Potency Assay Development. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:39-58. [PMID: 37258783 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
There has been extensive exploration of how cells may serve as advanced therapy medicinal products to treat skeletal pathologies. Osteoblast progenitors responsible for production of extracellular matrix that is subsequently mineralized during bone formation have been characterised as a rare bone marrow subpopulation of cell culture plastic adherent cells. Conveniently, they proliferate to form single-cell derived colonies of fibroblastoid cells, termed colony forming unit fibroblasts that can subsequently differentiate to aggregates resembling small areas of cartilage or bone. However, donor heterogeneity and loss of osteogenic differentiation capacity during extended cell culture have made the discovery of reliable potency assay biomarkers difficult. Nonetheless, functional osteoblast models derived from telomerised human bone marrow stromal cells have allowed extensive comparative analysis of gene expression, microRNA, morphological phenotypes and secreted proteins. This chapter highlights numerous insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning osteogenic differentiation of multipotent stromal cells and bone formation, discussing aspects involved in the choice of useful biomarkers for functional attributes that can be quantitively measured in osteogenic potency assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Burns
- Department of Environmental and Prevention Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Moustapha Kassem
- University Hospital of Odense, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Danish Stem Cell Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Yamamoto T, Abe M, Yoshino H, Haraguchi-Kitakamae M, Ishizu H, Shimizu T, Iwasaki N, Amizuka N. Matrix Vesicle-Mediated Mineralization and Osteocytic Regulation of Bone Mineralization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179941. [PMID: 36077336 PMCID: PMC9456179 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone mineralization entails two mineralization phases: primary and secondary mineralization. Primary mineralization is achieved when matrix vesicles are secreted by osteoblasts, and thereafter, bone mineral density gradually increases during secondary mineralization. Nearby extracellular phosphate ions (PO43−) flow into the vesicles via membrane transporters and enzymes located on the vesicles’ membranes, while calcium ions (Ca2+), abundant in the tissue fluid, are also transported into the vesicles. The accumulation of Ca2+ and PO43− in the matrix vesicles induces crystal nucleation and growth. The calcium phosphate crystals grow radially within the vesicle, penetrate the vesicle’s membrane, and continue to grow outside the vesicle, ultimately forming mineralized nodules. The mineralized nodules then attach to collagen fibrils, mineralizing them from the contact sites (i.e., collagen mineralization). Afterward, the bone mineral density gradually increases during the secondary mineralization process. The mechanisms of this phenomenon remain unclear, but osteocytes may play a key role; it is assumed that osteocytes enable the transport of Ca2+ and PO43− through the canaliculi of the osteocyte network, as well as regulate the mineralization of the surrounding bone matrix via the Phex/SIBLINGs axis. Thus, bone mineralization is biologically regulated by osteoblasts and osteocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoka Hasegawa
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (N.A.); Tel.: +81-11-706-4226 (T.H.); +81-11-706-4223 (N.A.)
| | - Hiromi Hongo
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Tomomaya Yamamoto
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Northern Army Medical Unit, Camp Makomanai, Japan Ground Self-Defense Forces, Sapporo 005-8543, Japan
| | - Miki Abe
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Hirona Yoshino
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
| | - Mai Haraguchi-Kitakamae
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Division of Craniofacial Development and Tissue Biology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
| | - Hotaka Ishizu
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Shimizu
- Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norimasa Iwasaki
- Orthopedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Norio Amizuka
- Developmental Biology of Hard Tissue, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (N.A.); Tel.: +81-11-706-4226 (T.H.); +81-11-706-4223 (N.A.)
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15
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Regulation of biomineralization by proteoglycans: From mechanisms to application. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 294:119773. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Lopez SG, Bonassar LJ. The role of SLRPs and large aggregating proteoglycans in collagen fibrillogenesis, extracellular matrix assembly, and mechanical function of fibrocartilage. Connect Tissue Res 2022; 63:269-286. [PMID: 33726572 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2021.1903887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Proteoglycans, especially small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), play major roles in facilitating the development and regulation of collagen fibers and other extracellular matrix components. However, their roles in fibrocartilage have not been widely reviewed. Here, we discuss both SLRP and large aggregating proteoglycan's roles in collagen fibrillogenesis and extracellular matrix assembly in fibrocartilage tissues such as the meniscus, annulus fibrosus (AF), and TMJ disc. We also discuss their expression levels throughout development, aging and degeneration, as well as repair. METHODS A review of literature discussing proteoglycans and collagen fibrillogenesis in fibrocartilage was conducted and data from these manuscripts were analyzed and grouped to discuss trends throughout the tissue's architectural zones and developmental stage. RESULTS The spatial collagen architecture of these fibrocartilaginous tissues is reflected in the distribution of proteoglycans expressed, suggesting that each proteoglycan plays an important role in the type of architecture presented and associated mechanical function. CONCLUSION The unique structure-function relationship of fibrocartilage makes the varied architectures throughout the tissues imperative for their success and understanding the functions of these proteoglycans in developing and maintaining the fiber structure could inform future work in fibrocartilage replacement using tissue engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serafina G Lopez
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
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17
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Glycosaminoglycans modulate long-range mechanical communication between cells in collagen networks. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2116718119. [PMID: 35394874 PMCID: PMC9169665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2116718119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are carbohydrates that are expressed ubiquitously in the human body and are among the key macromolecules that influence the development, homeostasis, and pathology of native tissues. Abnormal accumulation of GAGs has been observed in metabolic disorders, solid tumors, and fibrotic tissues. Here we theoretically and experimentally show that tissue swelling caused by the highly polar nature of GAGs significantly affects the mechanical interactions between resident cells by altering the organization and alignment of the collagenous extracellular matrix. The role of GAGs in modulating cellular force transmission revealed here can guide the design of biomaterial scaffolds in regenerative medicine and provides insights on the role of cell–cell communication in tumor progression and fibrosis. Cells can sense and respond to mechanical forces in fibrous extracellular matrices (ECMs) over distances much greater than their size. This phenomenon, termed long-range force transmission, is enabled by the realignment (buckling) of collagen fibers along directions where the forces are tensile (compressive). However, whether other key structural components of the ECM, in particular glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), can affect the efficiency of cellular force transmission remains unclear. Here we developed a theoretical model of force transmission in collagen networks with interpenetrating GAGs, capturing the competition between tension-driven collagen fiber alignment and the swelling pressure induced by GAGs. Using this model, we show that the swelling pressure provided by GAGs increases the stiffness of the collagen network by stretching the fibers in an isotropic manner. We found that the GAG-induced swelling pressure can help collagen fibers resist buckling as the cells exert contractile forces. This mechanism impedes the alignment of collagen fibers and decreases long-range cellular mechanical communication. We experimentally validated the theoretical predictions by comparing the intensity of collagen fiber alignment between cellular spheroids cultured on collagen gels versus collagen–GAG cogels. We found significantly lower intensities of aligned collagen in collagen–GAG cogels, consistent with the prediction that GAGs can prevent collagen fiber alignment. The role of GAGs in modulating force transmission uncovered in this work can be extended to understand pathological processes such as the formation of fibrotic scars and cancer metastasis, where cells communicate in the presence of abnormally high concentrations of GAGs.
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18
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Stability and remineralization of proteoglycan-infused dentin substrate. Dent Mater 2021; 37:1724-1733. [PMID: 34538503 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the effects of small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) proteins on phosphoric acid (PA)-treated dentin bonding overtime and the role of such SLRPs in the remineralization potential of demineralized dentin collagen. METHODS Coronal dentin sections of human molars were used. SLRPs were either decorin (DCN) or biglycan (BGN) in core or proteoglycan form (with glycosaminoglycans, GAGs). Groups were: No treatment (control), DCN core, DCN + GAGs, BGN core, BGN + GAGs. Samples were etched with PA for 15 s and prior to application of Adper Single Bond Plus and composite buildup an aliquot of the specific SLRPs was applied over dentin. Twenty-four hours or 6 months after the bonding procedure, samples were tested for microtensile bond strength (MTBS). Debonded beams were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For remineralization studies, dentin blocks were fully demineralized, infused with the SLRPs, placed in artificial saliva for 2 weeks, and evaluated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). RESULTS MTBS test presented a mean of 51.4 ± 9.1 MPa in control with no statistically significant difference to DCN core (47.6 ± 8.3) and BGN core (48.3 ± 6.5). The full proteoglycan groups DCN + GAGs (27.4 ± 4.5) and BGN + GAGs (36.4 ± 13.6) showed decreased MTBS compared to control (p < 0.001). At 6 months, control or core-treated samples did not have a statistically significant difference in MTBS. However, SLRPs with GAGs showed statistically significant improvement of bonding (62.5 ± 6.0 for DCN and 52.8 ± 8.1 for BGN, p < 0.001) compared to their baseline values. SEM showed that GAGs seem to favor water retention but overtime help remineralization. TEM of demineralized dentin indicated a larger collagen fibril diameter pattern of samples treated with core proteins compared to control and a smaller diameter with DCN + GAGs in water with evidence of mineralization with DCN + GAGS, BGN core and BGN + GAGs. SIGNIFICANCE In conclusion, core proteins seem not to affect dentin adhesion significantly but the presence of GAGs can be detrimental to immediate bonding. However, after ageing of samples, full proteoglycans, particularly DCN, can significantly improve bonding overtime while promoting remineralization which can prove to be clinically beneficial.
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19
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Hua R, Jiang JX. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans in physiological and biomechanical function of bone. Matrix Biol Plus 2021; 11:100063. [PMID: 34435181 PMCID: PMC8377002 DOI: 10.1016/j.mbplus.2021.100063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans (PGs) and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play vital roles in key signaling pathways to regulate bone homeostasis. The highly negatively charged GAGs are crucial in retaining bound water and modulating mechanical properties of bone. Age-related changes of PGs, GAGs, and bound water contribute to deterioration of bone quality during aging.
Proteoglycans (PGs) contain long unbranched glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains attached to core proteins. In the bone extracellular matrix, PGs represent a class of non-collagenous proteins, and have high affinity to minerals and collagen. Considering the highly negatively charged character of GAGs and their interfibrillar positioning interconnecting with collagen fibrils, PGs and GAGs play pivotal roles in maintaining hydrostatic and osmotic pressure in the matrix. In this review, we will discuss the role of PGs, especially the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, in regulating the bioactivity of multiple cytokines and growth factors, and the bone turnover process. In addition, we focus on the coupling effects of PGs and GAGs in the hydration status of bone extracellular matrix, thus modulating bone biomechanical properties under physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Hua
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jean X Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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20
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Kim J, Boys AJ, Estroff LA, Bonassar LJ. Combining TGF-β1 and Mechanical Anchoring to Enhance Collagen Fiber Formation and Alignment in Tissue-Engineered Menisci. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:1608-1620. [PMID: 33606521 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Recapitulating the collagen fiber structure of native menisci is one of the major challenges in the development of tissue-engineered menisci. Native collagen fibers are developed by the complex interplay of biochemical and biomechanical signals. In this study, we optimized glucose and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) concentrations in combination with mechanical anchoring to balance contributions of proteoglycan synthesis and contractile behavior in collagen fiber assembly. Glucose had a profound effect on the final dimensions of collagen-based constructs. TGF-β1 influenced construct contraction rate and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) production with two half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) ranges, which are 0.23 to 0.28 and 0.53 to 1.71 ng/mL, respectively. At concentrations less than the EC50, for the GAG production and contraction rate, TGF-β1 treatment resulted in less organized collagen fibers. At concentrations greater than the EC50, TGF-β1 led to dense, disorganized collagen fibers. Between the two EC50 values, collagen fiber diameter and length increased. The effects of TGF-β1 on fiber development were enhanced by mechanical anchoring, leading to peaks in fiber diameter, length, and alignment index. Fiber diameter and length increased from 7.9 ± 1.4 and 148.7 ± 16.4 to 17.5 ± 2.1 and 262.0 ± 13.0 μm, respectively. The alignment index reached 1.31, comparable to that of native tissue, 1.40. These enhancements in fiber architecture resulted in significant increases in tensile modulus and ultimate tensile stress (UTS) by 1.6- and 1.4-fold. Correlation analysis showed that tensile modulus and UTS strongly correlated with collagen fiber length, diameter, and alignment, while compressive modulus correlated with GAG content. These outcomes highlight the need for optimization of both biochemical and biomechanical cues in the culture environment for enhancing fiber development within tissue-engineered constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongkil Kim
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 237 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Alexander J Boys
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 126 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, 126 Hollister Drive, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, 245 East Avenue, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Lawrence J Bonassar
- Meinig of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, 237 Tower Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States.,Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Cornell University, 313 Campus Road, Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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21
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Ran Y, Su W, Ma L, Wang X, Li X. Insight into the effect of sulfonated chitosan on the structure, rheology and fibrillogenesis of collagen. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 166:1480-1490. [PMID: 33166556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a heparin analogue, sulfonated chitosan (SCS) has been confirmed to have similar structure and properties to heparin which is shown to be a linker molecule having specific binding sites with collagen fibrils. In this study, the effects of a varying concentration of SCS on the self-assembly process of type I collagen were investigated. The study on intermolecular interaction between collagen and SCS was carried out via using ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrophotometry and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The addition of SCS did not disrupt the triple helix conformation of collagen. However, the decreased value of Rpn showed that the SCS, to some extent, influenced the percentage of triple helix conformation. The turbidity measurements revealed that the self-assembly rate was increased in the presence of a low concentration of SCS whereas decreased with further increasing the SCS concentration. The observation of microstructure via scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) exhibited the characteristic D-periodicity, indicating that the presence of SCS did not disrupt the self-assembly nature of collagen. Moreover, the addition of SCS facilitated the lateral aggregation of fibrils, leading to the formation of larger fibrils. The rheological analysis showed that the gelation time of collagen was prolonged with increasing the concentration of SCS, in support of a longer lag-phase duration detected in turbidimetric measurements. We expect that valuable data would be provided in this study for further developing of ECM analogues, and propitious performances could be endowed to these biomimetic materials after SCS incorporation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqin Ran
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Wen Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- Sichuan Testing Center of Medical Devices, Sichuan Institute for Food and Drug Control, Chengdu 611731, PR China.
| | - Xudong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.
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22
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Su W, Ran Y, Ma L, Ma X, Yi Z, Chen G, Chen X, Deng Z, Tong Q, Li X. Micro-/Nanomechanics Dependence of Biomimetic Matrices upon Collagen-Based Fibrillar Aggregation and Arrangement. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:3547-3560. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yaqin Ran
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zeng Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Guangcan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Deng
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Qiulan Tong
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
- Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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23
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Kram V, Shainer R, Jani P, Meester JAN, Loeys B, Young MF. Biglycan in the Skeleton. J Histochem Cytochem 2020; 68:747-762. [PMID: 32623936 DOI: 10.1369/0022155420937371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs), including Biglycan, have key roles in many organ and tissue systems. The goal of this article is to review the function of Biglycan and other related SLRPs in mineralizing tissues of the skeleton. The review is divided into sections that include Biglycan's role in structural biology, signaling, craniofacial and long bone homeostasis, remodeled skeletal tissues, and in human genetics. While many cell types in the skeleton are now known to be affected by Biglycan, there are still unanswered questions about its mechanism of action(s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vardit Kram
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Reut Shainer
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Priyam Jani
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Josephina A N Meester
- Laboratory of Cardiogenetics, Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Loeys
- Laboratory of Cardiogenetics, Center of Medical Genetics, University Hospital Antwerp, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marian F Young
- Molecular Biology of Bones and Teeth Section, National Institutes of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland
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24
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Hirose T, Mizumoto S, Hashimoto A, Takahashi Y, Yoshizawa T, Nitahara-Kasahara Y, Takahashi N, Nakayama J, Takehana K, Okada T, Nomura Y, Yamada S, Kosho T, Watanabe T. Systematic investigation of the skin in Chst14-/- mice: A model for skin fragility in musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome caused by CHST14 variants (mcEDS-CHST14). Glycobiology 2020; 31:137-150. [PMID: 32601684 DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function variants in CHST14 cause a dermatan 4-O-sulfotransferase deficiency named musculocontractural Ehlers-Danlos syndrome-CHST14 (mcEDS-CHST14), resulting in complete depletion of the dermatan sulfate moiety of decorin glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains, which is replaced by chondroitin sulfate. Recently, we uncovered structural alteration of GAG chains in the skin of patients with mcEDS-CHST14. Here, we conducted the first systematic investigation of Chst14 gene-deleted homozygote (Chst14-/-) mice. We used skin samples of wild-type (Chst14+/+) and Chst14-/- mice. Mechanical fragility of the skin was measured with a tensile test. Pathology was observed using light microscopy, decorin immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy (EM) including cupromeronic blue (CB) staining. Quantification of chondroitin sulfate and dermatan sulfate was performed using enzymatic digestion followed by anion-exchange HPLC. In Chst14-/- mice, skin tensile strength was significantly decreased compared with that in Chst14+/+ mice. EM showed that collagen fibrils were oriented in various directions to form disorganized collagen fibers in the reticular layer. Through EM-based CB staining, rod-shaped linear GAG chains were found to be attached at one end to collagen fibrils and protruded outside of the fibrils, in contrast to them being round and wrapping the collagen fibrils in Chst14+/+ mice. A very low level of dermatan sulfate disaccharides was detected in the skin of Chst14-/- mice by anion-exchange chromatography. Chst14-/- mice, exhibiting similar abnormalities in the GAG structure of decorin and collagen networks in the skin, could be a reasonable model for skin fragility of patients with mcEDS-CHST14, shedding light on the role of dermatan sulfate in maintaining skin strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Hirose
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Ayana Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | - Yuki Takahashi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Schoolof Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takahiro Yoshizawa
- Division of Animal Research, Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yuko Nitahara-Kasahara
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan
| | - Naoki Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Jun Nakayama
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Kazushige Takehana
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Takashi Okada
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0022, Japan.,Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Nomura
- Department of Applied Protein Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-0054, Japan
| | - Shuhei Yamada
- Department of Pathobiochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Meijo University, Nagoya, Aichi 468-8503, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Schoolof Medicine, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.,Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan.,Research Center for Supports to Advanced Science, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Takafumi Watanabe
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
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25
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Su W, Ma L, Ran Y, Ma X, Yi Z, Chen G, Chen X, Li X. Alginate-Assisted Mineralization of Collagen by Collagen Reconstitution and Calcium Phosphate Formation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3275-3286. [PMID: 33463172 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The understanding of the mineralization of collagen for bone formation is a current key theme in bone tissue engineering and is of great relevance to the fabrication of novel biomimetic bone grafting materials. The noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) play a vital role in bone formation and are considered to be responsible for regulating intrafibrillar penetration of minerals into collagen fibrils by means of their abundant polyanionic domains. In this study, alginate, as a NCPs analogue, was introduced in the mineralization of collagen to mediate the collagen self-assembly with simultaneous hydroxyapatite (HA) synthesis. The biomimetic systems were based upon the self-assembly of collagen (Col) or collagen-alginate (CA) in the absence or presence of a varying content of HA. The alginate-mediated effects were found to include the lateral aggregation of small fibrils into the extremely large bundles and the assisted deposition of HA for a larger mineralized fibril. This alginate-assisted mineralization of collagen gave rise to an exquisite 3D mineralized architecture with enhanced mechanical property. The cell viability experiments showed the excellent proliferation and spreading morphologies of rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on the assembled products, and a higher expression of osteogenic differentiation related transcription factor was obtained in the alginate-assisted mineralization of collagen. This study indicated that the selection of an appropriate substance, e.g., alginate as an anionic polyelectrolyte with Ca-capturing property, could be a convenient, simple solution to achieve a mineralized collagen scaffold with the reinforced mechanical property for potential applications in bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Su
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Lei Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Yaqin Ran
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Zeng Yi
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Guangcan Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xiangyu Chen
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
| | - Xudong Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China.,Engineering Research Center in Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, PR China
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26
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Zouhair S, Dal Sasso E, Tuladhar SR, Fidalgo C, Vedovelli L, Filippi A, Borile G, Bagno A, Marchesan M, De Rossi G, Gregori D, Wolkers WF, Romanato F, Korossis S, Gerosa G, Iop L. A Comprehensive Comparison of Bovine and Porcine Decellularized Pericardia: New Insights for Surgical Applications. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E371. [PMID: 32121155 PMCID: PMC7175169 DOI: 10.3390/biom10030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenogeneic pericardium-based substitutes are employed for several surgical indications after chemical shielding, limiting their biocompatibility and therapeutic durability. Adverse responses to these replacements might be prevented by tissue decellularization, ideally removing cells and preserving the original extracellular matrix (ECM). The aim of this study was to compare the mostly applied pericardia in clinics, i.e. bovine and porcine tissues, after their decellularization, and obtain new insights for their possible surgical use. Bovine and porcine pericardia were submitted to TRICOL decellularization, based on osmotic shock, detergents and nuclease treatment. TRICOL procedure resulted in being effective in cell removal and preservation of ECM architecture of both species' scaffolds. Collagen and elastin were retained but glycosaminoglycans were reduced, significantly for bovine scaffolds. Tissue hydration was varied by decellularization, with a rise for bovine pericardia and a decrease for porcine ones. TRICOL significantly increased porcine pericardial thickness, while a non-significant reduction was observed for the bovine counterpart. The protein secondary structure and thermal denaturation profile of both species' scaffolds were unaltered. Both pericardial tissues showed augmented biomechanical compliance after decellularization. The ECM bioactivity of bovine and porcine pericardia was unaffected by decellularization, sustaining viability and proliferation of human mesenchymal stem cells and endothelial cells. In conclusion, decellularized bovine and porcine pericardia demonstrate possessing the characteristics that are suitable for the creation of novel scaffolds for reconstruction or replacement: differences in water content, thickness and glycosaminoglycans might influence some of their biomechanical properties and, hence, their indication for surgical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabra Zouhair
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Eleonora Dal Sasso
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Sugat R. Tuladhar
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Catia Fidalgo
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Vedovelli
- Biostatistics, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Filippi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei," University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
- Fondazione Bruno Kessler, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, I-35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Borile
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei," University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, I-35127 Padua, Italy
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
| | - Andrea Bagno
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, I-35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Massimo Marchesan
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
| | | | - Dario Gregori
- Biostatistics, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Willem F. Wolkers
- Institute of Multiphase Processes, Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Filippo Romanato
- Department of Physics and Astronomy "G. Galilei," University of Padua, I-35131 Padua, Italy
- Institute of Pediatric Research Città della Speranza, I-35127 Padua, Italy
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, I-35127 Padua, Italy
- Laboratory for Nanofabrication of Nanodevices, I-35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Sotirios Korossis
- Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Lower Saxony Centre for Biomedical Engineering Implant Research and Development, Hannover Medical School, D-30625 Hannover, Germany
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Gino Gerosa
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, I-35127 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura Iop
- Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, I-35128 Padua, Italy
- L.I.F.E.L.A.B. Program, Consorzio per la Ricerca Sanitaria (CORIS), Veneto Region, I-35127 Padua, Italy
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27
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Neves MI, Araújo M, Moroni L, da Silva RM, Barrias CC. Glycosaminoglycan-Inspired Biomaterials for the Development of Bioactive Hydrogel Networks. Molecules 2020; 25:E978. [PMID: 32098281 PMCID: PMC7070556 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) are long, linear polysaccharides that display a wide range of relevant biological roles. Particularly, in the extracellular matrix (ECM) GAG specifically interact with other biological molecules, such as growth factors, protecting them from proteolysis or inhibiting factors. Additionally, ECM GAG are partially responsible for the mechanical stability of tissues due to their capacity to retain high amounts of water, enabling hydration of the ECM and rendering it resistant to compressive forces. In this review, the use of GAG for developing hydrogel networks with improved biological activity and/or mechanical properties is discussed. Greater focus is given to strategies involving the production of hydrogels that are composed of GAG alone or in combination with other materials. Additionally, approaches used to introduce GAG-inspired features in biomaterials of different sources will also be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana I. Neves
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.I.N.); (M.A.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- FEUP-Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais, Rua Dr Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marco Araújo
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.I.N.); (M.A.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University, 6229 ET Maastricht, The Netherlands;
| | - Ricardo M.P. da Silva
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.I.N.); (M.A.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cristina C. Barrias
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (M.I.N.); (M.A.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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28
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Zappia J, Joiret M, Sanchez C, Lambert C, Geris L, Muller M, Henrotin Y. From Translation to Protein Degradation as Mechanisms for Regulating Biological Functions: A Review on the SLRP Family in Skeletal Tissues. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10010080. [PMID: 31947880 PMCID: PMC7023458 DOI: 10.3390/biom10010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 12/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix can trigger cellular responses through its composition and structure. Major extracellular matrix components are the proteoglycans, which are composed of a core protein associated with glycosaminoglycans, among which the small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family. This review highlights how the codon usage pattern can be used to modulate cellular response and discusses the biological impact of post-translational events on SLRPs, including the substitution of glycosaminoglycan moieties, glycosylation, and degradation. These modifications are listed, and their impacts on the biological activities and structural properties of SLRPs are described. We narrowed the topic to skeletal tissues undergoing dynamic remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jérémie Zappia
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Liège University, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.Z.); (C.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Marc Joiret
- Biomechanics Research Unit, B34 GIGA-R, In Silico Medicine, Liège University, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.J.); (L.G.)
| | - Christelle Sanchez
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Liège University, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.Z.); (C.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Cécile Lambert
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Liège University, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.Z.); (C.S.); (C.L.)
| | - Liesbet Geris
- Biomechanics Research Unit, B34 GIGA-R, In Silico Medicine, Liège University, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (M.J.); (L.G.)
| | - Marc Muller
- Laboratory for Organogenesis and Regeneration (LOR), GIGA-Research, Liège University, Avenue de l’Hôpital, B-4000 Liège, Belgium;
| | - Yves Henrotin
- Bone and Cartilage Research Unit, Arthropôle Liège, Center for Interdisciplinary research on Medicines (CIRM) Liège, Liège University, Institute of Pathology, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium; (J.Z.); (C.S.); (C.L.)
- Physical therapy and Rehabilitation department, Princess Paola Hospital, Vivalia, B-6900 Marche-en-Famenne, Belgium
- Artialis SA, GIGA Tower, Level 3, CHU Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-4-3665937
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29
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Abstract
Purpose: Biglycan is a proteoglycan of the small leucine-rich repeat family. It is present in all connective tissues and plays key structural and signaling roles. This review aimed to compile available evidence in the characteristics and distribution of biglycan and its glycosylated and non-glycosylated forms in connective tissues with a specific focus on the contribution to homeostasis of bone and changes of biglycan structure with aging.Methods: The Pubmed database was searched and included the terms "biglycan", "proteoglycans", "glycosaminoglycans", "bone", "osteoblast", "osteocyte", "osteoclast", "aging", "inflammation", "cartilage". Abstracts were appraised and a series of original articles and reviews studied to generate this narrative review.Results: Based on the search, biglycan significantly affects bone development and homeostasis and can be significantly changed by the aging process in several connective tissues, which in turn affects the behavior of tissue and cell responses in aged networks. Further, as the understanding of the various forms of biglycan in vivo is expanded and the function of its components in vitro is dissected, this proteoglycan can potentially serve as a therapeutic or biomarker molecule to detect tissue destruction.Conclusions: Biglycan is a key player in skeletal bone homeostasis, and overall, there is more evidence on the role of biglycan in development and less in the adult physiological or diseased young and aged systems. Further understanding of its conformation, degradation peptides and post-translational modifications will be required to understand the role of biglycan in bone maintenance and to support the development of treatments for age-related bone dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Miguez
- Adams School of Dentistry, Division of Comprehensive Oral Health, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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30
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Vermeulen M, Del Vento F, Kanbar M, Pyr Dit Ruys S, Vertommen D, Poels J, Wyns C. Generation of Organized Porcine Testicular Organoids in Solubilized Hydrogels from Decellularized Extracellular Matrix. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E5476. [PMID: 31684200 PMCID: PMC6862040 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cryopreservation of immature testicular tissue (ITT) prior to chemo/radiotherapy is now ethically accepted and is currently the only way to preserve fertility of prepubertal boys about to undergo cancer therapies. So far, three-dimensional culture of testicular cells isolated from prepubertal human testicular tissue was neither efficient nor reproducible to obtain mature spermatozoa, and ITT transplantation is not a safe option when there is a risk of cancer cell contamination of the testis. Hence, generation of testicular organoids (TOs) after cell selection is a novel strategy aimed at restoring fertility in these patients. Here, we created TOs using hydrogels developed from decellularized porcine ITT and compared cell numbers, organization and function to TOs generated in collagen only hydrogel. Organotypic culture of porcine ITT was used as a control. Rheological and mass spectrometry analyses of both hydrogels highlighted differences in terms of extracellular matrix stiffness and composition, respectively. Sertoli cells (SCs) and germ cells (GCs) assembled into seminiferous tubule-like structures delimited by a basement membrane while Leydig cells (LCs) and peritubular cells localized outside. TOs were maintained for 45 days in culture and secreted stem cell factor and testosterone demonstrating functionality of SCs and LCs, respectively. In both TOs GC numbers decreased and SC numbers increased. However, LC numbers decreased significantly in the collagen hydrogel TOs (p < 0.05) suggesting a better preservation of growth factors within TOs developed from decellularized ITT and thus a better potential to restore the reproductive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Vermeulen
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Medical School, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Federico Del Vento
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Medical School, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Marc Kanbar
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Medical School, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Sébastien Pyr Dit Ruys
- Phosphorylation - MassProt Unit, Institut de Duve, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Didier Vertommen
- Phosphorylation - MassProt Unit, Institut de Duve, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Jonathan Poels
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Christine Wyns
- Gynecology-Andrology Research Unit, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Medical School, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
- Department of Gynecology-Andrology, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium.
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31
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Moorehead C, Prudnikova K, Marcolongo M. The regulatory effects of proteoglycans on collagen fibrillogenesis and morphology investigated using biomimetic proteoglycans. J Struct Biol 2019; 206:204-215. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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32
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Iimaa T, Ikegami Y, Bual R, Shirakigawa N, Ijima H. Analysis of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans in ECM Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications: Modified Alcian Blue Method Development and Validation. J Funct Biomater 2019; 10:jfb10020019. [PMID: 31052349 PMCID: PMC6616524 DOI: 10.3390/jfb10020019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate determination of the amount of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in a complex mixture of extracellular matrix (ECM) is important for tissue morphogenesis and homeostasis. The aim of the present study was to investigate an accurate, simple and sensitive alcian blue (AB) method for quantifying heparin in biological samples. A method for analyzing heparin was developed and parameters such as volume, precipitation time, solvent component, and solubility time were evaluated. The AB dye and heparin samples were allowed to react at 4 ℃ for 24 h. The heparin-AB complex was dissolved in 25 N NaOH and 2-Aminoethanol (1:24 v/v). The optical density of the solution was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrometry at 620 nm. The modified AB method was validated in accordance with U.S. Food and Drug Administration guidelines. The limit of detection was found to be 2.95 µg/mL. Intraday and interday precision ranged between 2.14–4.83% and 3.16–7.02% (n = 9), respectively. Overall recovery for three concentration levels varied between 97 ± 3.5%, confirming good accuracy. In addition, this study has discovered the interdisciplinary nature of protein detection using the AB method. The basis for this investigation was that the fibrous protein inhibits heparin-AB complex whereas globular protein does not. Further, we measured the content of sulfated GAGs (sGAGs; expressed as heparin equivalent) in the ECM of decellularized porcine liver. In conclusion, the AB method may be used for the quantitative analysis of heparin in ECM scaffolds for tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuyajargal Iimaa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Department of Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, School of Biomedicine, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar 14210, Mongolia.
| | - Yasuhiro Ikegami
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Ronald Bual
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Technology, College of Engineering, Mindanao State University-Iligan Insititute of Technology, Iligan 9200, Philippines.
| | - Nana Shirakigawa
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Ijima
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-Ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Midgett DE, Jefferys JL, Quigley HA, Nguyen TD. The Contribution of Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans to the Inflation Response of the Human Optic Nerve Head. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2019; 59:3144-3154. [PMID: 30025126 PMCID: PMC6018372 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.18-23845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we measured the effect of the removal of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) on the pressure-induced strains of the human lamina cribrosa (LC). Methods We applied an ex vivo inflation method to measure the three-dimensional (3D) deformation response of six human LCs to pressure, before and after the degradation of chondroitin and dermatan sulfates. The experiment used a laser-scanning microscope (LSM) to acquire the second harmonic generation (SHG) signal of the collagen structure in the LC. Digital volume correlation (DVC) was used to calculate the deformation in the LC after a change in pressure from 5 to 45 mm Hg. Results The average strains between 5 and 45 mm Hg in the LC decreased significantly after sGAG degradation (P ≤ 0.03), with the greatest change occurring in regions of previously high strain (P ≤ 0.003) and the peripheral regions of the LC (P ≤ 0.02). The stiffening effect was greater in the LC of middle-aged (42–49 years) donors compared with those of older (64–88 years) donors (P < 0.0001). Conclusions The LC experienced less strain at the same pressures after most sGAGs were removed. These results suggest that the natural decrease in sGAGs within the LC with age may contribute to the stiffer inflation response of older LC to IOP. Likewise, the increase in the amount of sGAGs observed in the LC of glaucomatous eyes, may contribute to a more compliant LC, which may affect the susceptibility and progression of axon damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan E Midgett
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Joan L Jefferys
- Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Harry A Quigley
- Wilmer Ophthalmological Institute, School of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Thao D Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Pudełko A, Wisowski G, Olczyk K, Koźma EM. The dual role of the glycosaminoglycan chondroitin-6-sulfate in the development, progression and metastasis of cancer. FEBS J 2019; 286:1815-1837. [PMID: 30637950 PMCID: PMC6850286 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The remarkable structural heterogeneity of chondroitin sulfate (CS) and dermatan sulfate (DS) generates biological information that can be unique to each of these glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), and changes in their composition are translated into alterations in the binding profiles of these molecules. CS/DS can bind to various cytokines and growth factors, cell surface receptors, adhesion molecules, enzymes and fibrillar glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix, thereby influencing both cell behavior and the biomechanical and biochemical properties of the matrix. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge concerning CS/DS metabolism in the human cancer stroma. The remodeling of the GAG profile in the tumor niche is manifested as a substantial increase in the CS content and a gradual decrease in the proportion between DS and CS. Furthermore, the composition of CS and DS is also affected, which results in a substantial increase in the 6‐O‐sulfated and/or unsulfated disaccharide content, which is concomitant with a decrease in the 4‐O‐sulfation level. Here, we discuss the possible impact of alterations in the CS/DS sulfation pattern on the binding capacity and specificity of these GAGs. Moreover, we propose potential consequences of the stromal accumulation of chondroitin‐6‐sulfate for the progression and metastasis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Pudełko
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Wisowski
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Krystyna Olczyk
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Koźma
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Diagnostics, School of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Grandfield K, Vuong V, Schwarcz HP. Ultrastructure of Bone: Hierarchical Features from Nanometer to Micrometer Scale Revealed in Focused Ion Beam Sections in the TEM. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 103:606-616. [PMID: 30008091 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-018-0454-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The ultrastructure of bone has been widely debated, in part due to limitations in visualizing nanostructural features over relevant micrometer length scales. Here, we employ the high resolving power and compositional contrast of high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF STEM) to investigate new features in human bone with nanometer resolution over microscale areas. Using focused ion beam (FIB)-milled sections that span an area of 50 μm2, we have shown how most of the mineral of cortical human osteonal bone occurs in the form of long, thin polycrystalline plates (mineral lamellae, MLs) which are either flat or curved to wrap closely around collagen fibrils. Close to the collagen fibril (< 20 nm), the radius of curvature matches that of the fibril diameter, while at greater distances, MLs form arcs with much larger radii of curvature. In addition, stacks of closely packed planar (uncurved) MLs occur between fibrils. The curving of mineral lamellae both around and between the fibrils would contribute to the strength of bone. At a larger scale, rosette-like clusters of fibrils are noted for the first time, arranged in quasi-circular arrays that define tube-like structures in alternating osteonal lamellae. At the boundary between adjacent osteonal lamellae, the orientation of fibrils and surrounding mineral lamellae changes abruptly, resembling the "orthogonal" patterns identified by others (Reznikov et al. in Acta Biomater 10:3815-3826, 2014). These features spanning nanometer to micrometer scale have implications for our understanding of bone structure and mechanical integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Grandfield
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, ETB 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
| | - Vicky Vuong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, ETB 403, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada
| | - Henry P Schwarcz
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L7, Canada.
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D'Lima DD, Il Lee K, Soo Lee J, Tak Kang K, Bock Shim Y, Sik Kim Y, Woong Jang J, Hwan Moon S. In Vitro and In Vivo Performance of Tissue-Engineered Tendons for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Response. Am J Sports Med 2018; 46:NP61-NP63. [PMID: 30280931 DOI: 10.1177/0363546518800696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Lindahl K, Åström E, Dragomir A, Symoens S, Coucke P, Larsson S, Paschalis E, Roschger P, Gamsjaeger S, Klaushofer K, Fratzl-Zelman N, Kindmark A. Homozygosity for CREB3L1 premature stop codon in first case of recessive osteogenesis imperfecta associated with OASIS-deficiency to survive infancy. Bone 2018; 114:268-277. [PMID: 29936144 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mutations of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress transducer OASIS (encoded by CREB3L1), cause severe recessive osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) not compatible with surviving the neonatal period, as has been shown in two unrelated families through a whole gene deletion vs. a qualitative alteration of OASIS. Heterozygous carriers in the described families have exhibited a mild phenotype. OASIS is a transcription factor highly expressed in osteoblasts, and OASIS-/- mice exhibit severe osteopenia and spontaneous fractures. Here, we expand the clinical spectrum by a detailed phenotypic characterization of the first case of OASIS-associated OI surviving the neonatal period, with heterozygous family members being unaffected. METHODS All OI-associated genes were sequenced. Primary human osteoblast-like cell (hOB) and fibroblast (FB) cultures were obtained for qPCR, and steady-state collagen biochemistry. FB, hOB and skin biopsies were ultrastructurally analyzed. Bone was analyzed by μCT, histomorphometry, quantitative backscattered electron imaging (qBEI), and Raman microspectroscopy. RESULTS The proband, a boy with severe OI, had blue sclera and tooth agenesis. A homozygous CREB3L1 stop codon mutation was detected by sequencing, while several family members were heterozygotes. Markedly low levels of CREB3L1 mRNA were confirmed by qPCR in hOBs (16%) and FB (21%); however, collagen I levels were only reduced in hOBs (5-10%). Electron microscopy of hOBs showed pronounced alterations, with numerous myelin figures and diminished RER vs. normal ultrastructure of FB. Bone histomorphometry and qBEI were similar to collagen I OI, with low trabecular thickness and mineral apposition rate, and increased bone matrix mineralization. Raman microspectroscopy revealed low level of glycosaminoglycans. Clinical response to life-long bisphosphonate treatment was as expected in severe OI with steadily increasing bone mineral density, but despite this the boy suffered repeated childhood fractures. CONCLUSIONS Deficiency of OASIS can cause severe OI compatible with surviving the neonatal period. A marked decrease of collagen type I transcription was noted in bone tissue, but not in skin, and ultrastructure of hOBs was pathological. Results also suggested OASIS involvement in glycosaminoglycan secretion in bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarina Lindahl
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Åström
- Department of Woman and Child Health, Karolinska Institutet and Pediatric Neurology, Astrid Lindgren Children's Hospital at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anca Dragomir
- Dept. of Surgical Pathology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sofie Symoens
- Dept. of Medical Genetics, The University Hospital in Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Paul Coucke
- Dept. of Medical Genetics, The University Hospital in Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sune Larsson
- Dept. of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Eleftherios Paschalis
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Paul Roschger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Gamsjaeger
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Klaushofer
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Fratzl-Zelman
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute of Osteology at the Hanusch Hospital of WGKK and AUVA Trauma Center Meidling, 1st Medical Department Hanusch Hospital, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Kindmark
- Dept. of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
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Chan WL, Steiner M, Witkos T, Egerer J, Busse B, Mizumoto S, Pestka JM, Zhang H, Hausser I, Khayal LA, Ott CE, Kolanczyk M, Willie B, Schinke T, Paganini C, Rossi A, Sugahara K, Amling M, Knaus P, Chan D, Lowe M, Mundlos S, Kornak U. Impaired proteoglycan glycosylation, elevated TGF-β signaling, and abnormal osteoblast differentiation as the basis for bone fragility in a mouse model for gerodermia osteodysplastica. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007242. [PMID: 29561836 PMCID: PMC5880397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Gerodermia osteodysplastica (GO) is characterized by skin laxity and early-onset osteoporosis. GORAB, the responsible disease gene, encodes a small Golgi protein of poorly characterized function. To circumvent neonatal lethality of the GorabNull full knockout, Gorab was conditionally inactivated in mesenchymal progenitor cells (Prx1-cre), pre-osteoblasts (Runx2-cre), and late osteoblasts/osteocytes (Dmp1-cre), respectively. While in all three lines a reduction in trabecular bone density was evident, only GorabPrx1 and GorabRunx2 mutants showed dramatically thinned, porous cortical bone and spontaneous fractures. Collagen fibrils in the skin of GorabNull mutants and in bone of GorabPrx1 mutants were disorganized, which was also seen in a bone biopsy from a GO patient. Measurement of glycosaminoglycan contents revealed a reduction of dermatan sulfate levels in skin and cartilage from GorabNull mutants. In bone from GorabPrx1 mutants total glycosaminoglycan levels and the relative percentage of dermatan sulfate were both strongly diminished. Accordingly, the proteoglycans biglycan and decorin showed reduced glycanation. Also in cultured GORAB-deficient fibroblasts reduced decorin glycanation was evident. The Golgi compartment of these cells showed an accumulation of decorin, but reduced signals for dermatan sulfate. Moreover, we found elevated activation of TGF-β in GorabPrx1 bone tissue leading to enhanced downstream signalling, which was reproduced in GORAB-deficient fibroblasts. Our data suggest that the loss of Gorab primarily perturbs pre-osteoblasts. GO may be regarded as a congenital disorder of glycosylation affecting proteoglycan synthesis due to delayed transport and impaired posttranslational modification in the Golgi compartment. Gerodermia osteodysplastica (GO) is segmental progeroid disorder affecting connective tissues and bone, leading to extreme bone fragility. The cause are loss-of-function mutations in the Golgi protein GORAB, whose function has been only partially unravelled. Using several mouse models and patient-derived primary cells we elucidate that loss of Gorab elicits a defect in proteoglycan glycanation, which is associated with collagen disorganization in dermis and bone. We also found evidence for TGF-β upregulation and enhanced downstream signalling. If these changes occur in mesenchymal stem cells or early osteoblasts they impair osteoblast differentiation resulting in cortical thinning and spontaneous fractures. We thus match GO mechanistically with also phenotypically overlapping progeroid connective tissue disorders with glycanation defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Lee Chan
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
| | - Magdalena Steiner
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin School for Regenerative Therapies (BSRT), Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Witkos
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Johannes Egerer
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Björn Busse
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shuji Mizumoto
- Lab. of Proteoglycan Signaling and Therapeutics, Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Jan M. Pestka
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Haikuo Zhang
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ingrid Hausser
- Institute of Pathology, University Clinic Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Layal Abo Khayal
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claus-Eric Ott
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mateusz Kolanczyk
- FG Development & Disease, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Willie
- Julius Wolff Institute, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Schinke
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chiara Paganini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Rossi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Kazuyuki Sugahara
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Amling
- Department of Osteology and Biomechanics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Petra Knaus
- Institute for Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität, Berlin, Germany
| | - Danny Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam Road, Hong Kong
- The University of Hong Kong—Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation (HKU- SIRI), Hi-Tech Industrial Park, Nanshan, Shenzhen, China
| | - Martin Lowe
- School of Biology, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Mundlos
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (UK); (SM)
| | - Uwe Kornak
- Institut für Medizinische Genetik und Humangenetik, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- FG Development & Disease, Max-Planck-Institut fuer Molekulare Genetik, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité –Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- * E-mail: (UK); (SM)
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Karunaratne A, Li S, Bull AMJ. Nano-scale mechanisms explain the stiffening and strengthening of ligament tissue with increasing strain rate. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3707. [PMID: 29487334 PMCID: PMC5829138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21786-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligament failure is a major societal burden causing disability and pain. Failure is caused by trauma at high loading rates. At the macroscopic level increasing strain rates cause an increase in failure stress and modulus, but the mechanism for this strain rate dependency is not known. Here we investigate the nano scale mechanical property changes of human ligament using mechanical testing combined with synchrotron X-ray diffraction. With increasing strain rate, we observe a significant increase in fibril modulus and a reduction of fibril to tissue strain ratio, revealing that tissue-level stiffening is mainly due to the stiffening of collagen fibrils. Further, we show that the reduction in fibril deformation at higher strain rates is due to reduced molecular strain and fibrillar gaps, and is associated with rapid disruption of matrix-fibril bonding. This reduction in number of interfibrillar cross-links explains the changes in fibril strain; this is verified through computational modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Karunaratne
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Moratuwa, Sri Lanka
| | - Simin Li
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Wolfson School of Mechanical, Electrical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Anthony M J Bull
- Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Glycosaminoglycans from bovine eye vitreous humour and interaction with collagen type II. Glycoconj J 2018; 35:119-128. [PMID: 29305777 DOI: 10.1007/s10719-017-9808-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) play an important role in stabilizing the gel state of eye vitreous humour. In this study, the composition of GAGs present in bovine eye vitreous was characterized through disaccharide analysis by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The interaction of GAGs with collagen type II was assessed using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The percentage of hyaluronic acid (HA), chondroitin sulfate (CS) and heparan sulfate (HS), of total GAG, were 96.2%, 3.5% and 0.3%, respectively. The disaccharide composition of CS consisted of 4S (49%), 0S (38%) 6S (12%), 2S6S (1.5%) and 2S4S (0.3%). The disaccharide composition of HS consisted of 0S (80%), NS2S (7%), NS (7%), 6S (4%), NS6S (2%), and TriS, 2S and 4S6S (each at 0.1%). The average molecular weights of CS and HS were 148 kDa and 204 kDa, respectively. SPR reveals that collagen type II binds to heparin (primarily composed of TriS) with a binding affinity (K D) of 755 nM and interacts with other GAGs, including CSB and CSE. Both bovine vitreous CS and HS interact with collagen type II, with vitreous HS showing a higher binding affinity.
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Tatara Y, Suto S, Itoh K. Novel roles of glycosaminoglycans in the degradation of type I collagen by cathepsin K. Glycobiology 2017; 27:1089-1098. [DOI: 10.1093/glycob/cwx083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sarkar S, Moorehead C, Prudnikova K, Schauer CL, Penn LS, Marcolongo M. Synthesis of macromolecular mimics of small leucine-rich proteoglycans with a poly(ethylene glycol) core and chondroitin sulphate bristles. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 166:338-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pacheco-Costa R, Kadakia JR, Atkinson EG, Wallace JM, Plotkin LI, Reginato RD. Connexin37 deficiency alters organic bone matrix, cortical bone geometry, and increases Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Bone 2017; 97:105-113. [PMID: 28096061 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Deletion of connexin (Cx) 37 in mice leads to increased cancellous bone mass due to defective osteoclast differentiation. Paradoxically; however, Cx37-deficient mice exhibit reduced cortical thickness accompanied by higher bone strength, suggesting a contribution of Cx37 to bone matrix composition. Thus, we investigated whether global deletion of Cx37 alters the composition of organic bone extracellular matrix. Five-month-old Cx37-/- mice exhibited increased marrow cavity area, and periosteal and endocortical bone surface resulting in higher total area in tibia compared to Cx37+/+ control mice. Deletion of Cx37 increased genes involved in collagen maturation (loxl3 and loxl4) and glycosaminoglycans- (chsy1, chpf and has3) proteoglycans- associated genes (biglycan and decorin). In addition, expression of type II collagen assessed by immunostaining was increased by 82% whereas collagen maturity by picrosirius-polarizarion tended to be reduced (p=0.071). Expression of glycosaminoglycans by histochemistry was decreased, whereas immunostaining revealed that biglycan was unchanged and decorin was slightly increased in Cx37-/- bone sections. Consistent with these in vivo findings, MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells silenced for Cx37 gene exhibited increased mRNA levels for collagen synthesis (col1a1 and col3a1) and collagen maturation (lox, loxl1 and loxl2 genes). Furthermore, mechanistic studies showed Wnt/β-catenin activation in MLO-Y4 osteocytic cells, L5 vertebra, and authentic calvaria-derived osteocytes isolated by fluorescent-activated cell sorter. Our findings demonstrate that altered profile of the bone matrix components in Cx37-deficient mice acts in favor of higher resistance to fracture in long bones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Pacheco-Costa
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Jay R Kadakia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Emily G Atkinson
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Joseph M Wallace
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University at Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, USA.
| | - Lilian I Plotkin
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Roudebush Veterans Administration Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
| | - Rejane D Reginato
- Departamento de Morfologia e Genética, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo - Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Dermatan sulfate is a player in the transglutaminase 2 interaction network. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172263. [PMID: 28199387 PMCID: PMC5310773 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Transglutaminase 2 (TG2) is a multifunctional protein that is primarily engaged in cell adhesion/signaling or shows Ca2+-dependent transglutaminase activity in the extracellular space of tissues. This latter action leads to the cross-linking of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. The enhanced extracellular expression of TG2 is associated with processes such as wound healing, fibrosis or vascular remodeling that are also characterized by a high deposition of dermatan sulfate (DS) proteoglycans in the ECM. However, it is unknown whether DS may bind to TG2 or affect its function. Using the plasmon surface resonance method, we showed that DS chains, especially those of biglycan, are good binding partners for TG2. The interaction has some requirements as to the DS structure. The competitive effect of heparin on DS binding to TG2 suggests that both glycosaminoglycans occupy the same binding site(s) on the protein molecule. An occurrence of the DS-TG2 interaction was confirmed by the co-immunoprecipitation of this protein with native decorin that is a DS-bearing proteoglycan rather than with the decorin core protein. Moreover, in vivo DS is responsible for both TG2 binding and the regulation of the location of this protein in the ECM as can be suggested from an increased extraction of TG2 from the human fascia only when an enzymatic degradation of the tissue DS was conducted in the presence of the anti-collagen type I antiserum. In addition, DS with a low affinity for TG2 exerted an inhibitory effect on the protein transamidating activity most probably via the control of the accessibility of a substrate. Our data show that DS can affect several aspects of TG2 biology in both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Carretero A, Soares da Costa D, Reis RL, Pashkuleva I. Extracellular matrix-inspired assembly of glycosaminoglycan–collagen fibers. J Mater Chem B 2017; 5:3103-3106. [DOI: 10.1039/c7tb00704c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the fabrication of fibers exclusively from the extracellular matrix components by interfacial complexation without using any crosslinking agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Carretero
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4805-017 Taipas
| | - D. Soares da Costa
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4805-017 Taipas
| | - R. L. Reis
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4805-017 Taipas
| | - I. Pashkuleva
- 3B's Research Group—Biomaterials
- Biodegradables and Biomimetics
- University of Minho
- Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine
- 4805-017 Taipas
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46
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Liu X, Dan N, Dan W. Insight into the collagen assembly in the presence of lysine and glutamic acid: An in vitro study. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 70:689-700. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.09.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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47
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Chajra H, Auriol D, Joly F, Pagnon A, Rodrigues M, Allart S, Redziniak G, Lefevre F. Reactivating the extracellular matrix synthesis of sulfated glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans to improve the human skin aspect and its mechanical properties. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2016; 9:461-472. [PMID: 27942228 PMCID: PMC5137933 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s116548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to demonstrate that a defined cosmetic composition is able to induce an increase in the production of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs) and/or proteoglycans and finally to demonstrate that the composition, through its combined action of enzyme production and synthesis of macromolecules, modulates organization and skin surface aspect with a benefit in antiaging applications. Materials and methods Gene expression was studied by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction using normal human dermal fibroblasts isolated from a 45-year-old donor skin dermis. De novo synthesis of sGAGs and proteoglycans was determined using Blyscan™ assay and/or immunohistochemical techniques. These studies were performed on normal human dermal fibroblasts (41- and 62-year-old donors) and on human skin explants. Dermis organization was studied either ex vivo on skin explants using bi-photon microscopy and transmission electron microscopy or directly in vivo on human volunteers by ultrasound technique. Skin surface modification was investigated in vivo using silicone replicas coupled with macrophotography, and the mechanical properties of the skin were studied using Cutometer. Results It was first shown that mRNA expression of several genes involved in the synthesis pathway of sGAG was stimulated. An increase in the de novo synthesis of sGAGs was shown at the cellular level despite the age of cells, and this phenomenon was clearly related to the previously observed stimulation of mRNA expression of genes. An increase in the expression of the corresponding core protein of decorin, perlecan, and versican and a stimulation of their respective sGAGs, such as chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate, were found on skin explants. The biosynthesis of macromolecules seems to be correlated at the microscopic level to a better organization and quality of the dermis, with collagen fibrils having homogenous diameters. The dermis seems to be compacted as observed on images obtained by two-photon microscopy and ultrasound imaging. At the macroscopic level, this dermis organization shows a smoothed profile similar to a younger skin, with improved mechanical properties such as firmess. Conclusion The obtained results demonstrate that the defined cosmetic composition induces the synthesis of sGAGs and proteoglycans, which contributes to the overall dermal reorganization. This activity in the dermis in turn impacts the surface and mechanical properties of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanane Chajra
- Libragen, Induchem (Givaudan Active Beauty), Toulouse
| | - Daniel Auriol
- Libragen, Induchem (Givaudan Active Beauty), Toulouse
| | | | | | | | - Sophie Allart
- Centre de Physiopathologie de Toulouse-Purpan, Toulouse
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Watanabe T, Kametani K, Koyama YI, Suzuki D, Imamura Y, Takehana K, Hiramatsu K. Ring-Mesh Model of Proteoglycan Glycosaminoglycan Chains in Tendon based on Three-dimensional Reconstruction by Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscopy. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23704-23708. [PMID: 27624935 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.733857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendons are composed of collagen fibrils and proteoglycan predominantly consisting of decorin. Decorin is located on the d-band of collagen fibrils, and its glycosaminoglycan (GAG) chains have been observed between collagen fibrils with transmission electron microscopy. GAG chains have been proposed to interact with each other or with collagen fibrils, but its three-dimensional organization remains unclear. In this report, we used focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy to examine the three-dimensional organization of the GAG chain in the Achilles tendon of mature rats embedded in epoxy resin after staining with Cupromeronic blue, which specifically stains GAG chains. We used 250 serial back-scattered electron images of longitudinal sections with a 10-nm interval for reconstruction. Three-dimensional images revealed that GAG chains form a ring mesh-like structure with each ring surrounding a collagen fibril at the d-band and fusing with adjacent rings to form the planar network. This ring mesh model of GAG chains suggests that more than two GAG chains may interact with each other around collagen fibrils, which could provide new insights into the roles of GAG chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takafumi Watanabe
- From the Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan,
| | - Kiyokazu Kametani
- Department of Instrumental Analysis, Research Center for Human and Environmental Science, Shinshu University, Asahi, Matsumoto, Nagano 390-8621, Japan
| | - Yoh-Ichi Koyama
- Research Institute of Biomatrix, Nippi Inc., Kuwabara, Toride, Ibaraki 302-0017, Japan
| | - Daisuke Suzuki
- Department of Musculoskeletal Biomechanics and Surgical Development, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8556, Japan
| | - Yasutada Imamura
- Department of Chemistry and Life Science, School of Advanced Engineering, Kogakuin University, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0015, Japan, and
| | - Kazushige Takehana
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Hokkaido 069-8501, Japan
| | - Kohzy Hiramatsu
- From the Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Minami-minowa, Kami-ina, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
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49
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Murienne BJ, Chen ML, Quigley HA, Nguyen TD. The contribution of glycosaminoglycans to the mechanical behaviour of the posterior human sclera. J R Soc Interface 2016; 13:20160367. [PMID: 27358279 PMCID: PMC4938097 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2016.0367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
We characterized the structural and mechanical changes after experimental digestion of sulfated glycosaminoglycans (s-GAGs) in the human posterior sclera, using ultrasound thickness measurements and an inflation test with three-dimensional digital image correlation (3D-DIC). Each scleral specimen was first incubated in a buffer solution to return to full hydration, inflation tested, treated in a buffer solution with chondroitinase ABC (ChABC), then inflation tested again. After each test series, the thickness of eight locations was measured. After enzymatic treatment, the average scleral thickness decreased by 13.3% (p < 0.001) and there was a stiffer overall stress-strain response (p < 0.05). The stress-strain response showed a statistically significant increase in the low-pressure stiffness, high-pressure stiffness and hysteresis. Thus, s-GAGs play a measurable role in the mechanical behaviour of the posterior human sclera.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara J Murienne
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michelle L Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Harry A Quigley
- Glaucoma Center of Excellence, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thao D Nguyen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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50
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Jastrzebska M, Tarnawska D, Wrzalik R, Chrobak A, Grelowski M, Wylegala E, Zygadlo D, Ratuszna A. New insight into the shortening of the collagen fibril D-period in human cornea. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2016; 35:551-563. [PMID: 26872619 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2016.1153520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils type I display a typical banding pattern, so-called D-periodicity, of about 67 nm, when visualized by atomic force or electron microscopy imaging. Herein we report on a significant shortening of the D-period for human corneal collagen fibrils type I (21 ± 4 nm) upon air-drying, whereas no changes in the D-period were observed for human scleral collagen fibrils type I (64 ± 4 nm) measured under the same experimental conditions as the cornea. It was also found that for the corneal stroma fixed with glutaraldehyde and air-dried, the collagen fibrils show the commonly accepted D-period of 61 ± 8 nm. We used the atomic force microscopy method to image collagen fibrils type I present in the middle layers of human cornea and sclera. The water content in the cornea and sclera samples was varying in the range of .066-.085. Calculations of the D-period using the theoretical model of the fibril and the FFT approach allowed to reveal the possible molecular mechanism of the D-period shortening in the corneal collagen fibrils upon drying. It was found that both the decrease in the shift and the simultaneous reduction in the distance between tropocollagen molecules can be responsible for the experimentally observed effect. We also hypothesize that collagen type V, which co-assembles with collagen type I into heterotypic fibrils in cornea, could be involved in the observed shortening of the corneal D-period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jastrzebska
- a Department of Solid State Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Dorota Tarnawska
- b Faculty of Medicine and Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Clinical Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Silesia , Panewnicka 65, 40-760 Katowice , Poland.,c Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Roman Wrzalik
- c Department of Biophysics and Molecular Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Artur Chrobak
- a Department of Solid State Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Michal Grelowski
- d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Edward Wylegala
- b Faculty of Medicine and Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Clinical Department of Ophthalmology , Medical University of Silesia , Panewnicka 65, 40-760 Katowice , Poland
| | - Dorota Zygadlo
- d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
| | - Alicja Ratuszna
- a Department of Solid State Physics, A. Chelkowski Institute of Physics , University of Silesia , Uniwersytecka 4, 40-007 Katowice , Poland.,d Silesian Center for Education and Interdisciplinary Research , University of Silesia , 75 Pułku Piechoty 1, 41-500 Chorzów , Poland
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