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Maekawa M. Analysis of Metabolic Changes in Endogenous Metabolites and Diagnostic Biomarkers for Various Diseases Using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry. Biol Pharm Bull 2024; 47:1087-1105. [PMID: 38825462 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b24-00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of endogenous metabolites in various diseases is useful for searching diagnostic biomarkers and elucidating the molecular mechanisms of pathophysiology. The author and collaborators have developed some LC/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods for metabolites and applied them to disease-related samples. First, we identified urinary conjugated cholesterol metabolites and serum N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine serine as useful biomarkers for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC). For the purpose of intraoperative diagnosis of glioma patients, we developed the LC/MS/MS analysis methods for 2-hydroxyglutaric acid or cystine and found that they could be good differential biomarkers. For renal cell carcinoma, we searched for various biomarkers for early diagnosis, malignancy evaluation and recurrence prediction by global metabolome analysis and targeted LC/MS/MS analysis. In pathological analysis, we developed a simultaneous LC/MS/MS analysis method for 13 steroid hormones and applied it to NPC cells, we found 6 types of reductions in NPC model cells. For non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), model mice were prepared with special diet and plasma bile acids were measured, and as a result, hydrophilic bile acids were significantly increased. In addition, we developed an LC/MS/MS method for 17 sterols and analyzed liver cholesterol metabolites and found a decrease in phytosterols and cholesterol synthetic markers and an increase in non-enzymatic oxidative sterols in the pre-onset stage of NASH. We will continue to challenge themselves to add value to clinical practice based on cutting-edge analytical chemistry methodology.
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2
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Furse S, Koch H, Wright GA, Stevenson PC. Sterol and lipid metabolism in bees. Metabolomics 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37644282 PMCID: PMC10465395 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bees provide essential pollination services for many food crops and are critical in supporting wild plant diversity. However, the dietary landscape of pollen food sources for social and solitary bees has changed because of agricultural intensification and habitat loss. For this reason, understanding the basic nutrient metabolism and meeting the nutritional needs of bees is becoming an urgent requirement for agriculture and conservation. We know that pollen is the principal source of dietary fat and sterols for pollinators, but a precise understanding of what the essential nutrients are and how much is needed is not yet clear. Sterols are key for producing the hormones that control development and may be present in cell membranes, where fatty-acid-containing species are important structural and signalling molecules (phospholipids) or to supply, store and distribute energy (glycerides). AIM OF THE REVIEW In this critical review, we examine the current general understanding of sterol and lipid metabolism of social and solitary bees from a variety of literature sources and discuss implications for bee health. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We found that while eusocial bees are resilient to some dietary variation in sterol supply the scope for this is limited. The evidence of both de novo lipogenesis and a dietary need for particular fatty acids (FAs) shows that FA metabolism in insects is analogous to mammals but with distinct features. Bees rely on their dietary intake for essential sterols and lipids in a way that is dependent upon pollen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
| | - Hauke Koch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | | | - Philip C Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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3
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Liu Y, Ma S, Lv W, Shi H, Qiu G, Chang H, Lu S, Wang D, Wang C, Han S, Liu H. Effects of replacing fishmeal with cottonseed protein concentrate on growth performance, blood metabolites, and the intestinal health of juvenile rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss). Front Immunol 2022; 13:1079677. [PMID: 36618404 PMCID: PMC9811179 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1079677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cottonseed protein concentrate (CPC) is a potential non-food protein source for fishmeal replacement in fish feed. However, a high inclusion level of CPC in diets may have adverse effects on the metabolism and health of carnivorous fish. This study aimed to investigate CPC as a fishmeal alternative in the diet of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss based on growth performance, blood metabolites, and intestinal health. Five isonitrogenous (46% crude protein) and isolipidic (16% crude lipid) diets were formulated: a control diet (30% fishmeal) and four experimental diets with substitution of fishmeal by CPC at 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. A total of 600 fish (mean body weight 11.24g) were hand-fed the five formulated diets to apparent satiation for eight weeks. The results showed no adverse effects on growth performance when 75% dietary fishmeal was replaced by CPC. However, reduced growth and feed intake were observed in rainbow trout fed a fishmeal-free diet based on CPC (CPC100%). Changes in serum metabolites were also observed in CPC100% compared with the control group, including an increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT), a decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alterations in free amino acids, and reductions in cholesterol metabolism. In addition, the CPC-based diet resulted in reduced intestinal trypsin, decreased villus height and width in the distal intestine, upregulated mRNA expression levels of inflammatory cytokines in the intestine, and impaired gut microbiota with reduced bacterial diversity and decreased abundance of Bacillaceae compared with the control group. The findings suggest that the optimum substitution rate of dietary fishmeal by CPC for rainbow trout should be less than 75%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Shuwei Ma
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Weihua Lv
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Honghe Shi
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,Animal Science and Technology College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Guangwen Qiu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,Animal Science and Technology College of Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongmiao Chang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Shaoxia Lu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Di Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China
| | - Changan Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Shicheng Han
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Shicheng Han, ; Hongbai Liu,
| | - Hongbai Liu
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin, China,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Immune Technology of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, China,*Correspondence: Shicheng Han, ; Hongbai Liu,
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Sakurai N. Recent applications of metabolomics in plant breeding. BREEDING SCIENCE 2022; 72:56-65. [PMID: 36045891 PMCID: PMC8987846 DOI: 10.1270/jsbbs.21065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Metabolites play a central role in maintaining organismal life and in defining crop phenotypes, such as nutritional value, fragrance, color, and stress resistance. Among the 'omes' in biology, the metabolome is the closest to the phenotype. Consequently, metabolomics has been applied to crop improvement as method for monitoring changes in chemical compositions, clarifying the mechanisms underlying cellular functions, discovering markers and diagnostics, and phenotyping for mQTL, mGWAS, and metabolite-genome predictions. In this review, 359 reports of the most recent applications of metabolomics to plant breeding-related studies were examined. In addition to the major crops, more than 160 other crops including rare medicinal plants were considered. One bottleneck associated with using metabolomics is the wide array of instruments that are used to obtain data and the ambiguity associated with metabolite identification and quantification. To further the application of metabolomics to plant breeding, the features and perspectives of the technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nozomu Sakurai
- Bioinformation and DDBJ Center, National Institute of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
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Shoji S, Maekawa M, Ogura J, Sato T, Mano N. Identification cholesterol metabolites altered before the onset of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by targeted metabolomics. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2022; 1867:159135. [PMID: 35217199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2022.159135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a disease with symptoms similar to those of alcoholic liver inflammation without alcohol intake. As an effective treatment strategy has not been established for this disease, a detailed understanding of the pathological progression mechanism is required. We focused on cholesterol metabolites, which are suspected to regulate NASH pathology, and investigated their relationship with the pathological progression in the early stages of NASH. First, the LC/MS/MS methods for bile acids and sterols were optimized and validated. Next, NASH model mice were established by feeding a choline-deficient, methionine-reduced high-fat diet, and the levels of hepatic cholesterol metabolites were measured. As a result, before the onset of NASH, desmosterol, 4β-hydroxycholesterol, campesterol, sitosterol, secondary bile acids such as taurodeoxycholic acid significantly decreased by up to 1/38 of NASH model group. Autoxidation-generated sterols significantly increased 2- to 5-fold, and various primary bile acids such as conjugated β-muricholic acids and cholic acids significantly increased 2- to 7-fold. In this study, the levels of cholesterol metabolites changed in the before the onset of NASH. These metabolic alterations involved in inflammation induction and detoxification for NASH may help the discovery of early diagnostic biomarkers in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Shoji
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Masamitsu Maekawa
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan.
| | - Jiro Ogura
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Sato
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-Ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, 1-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8574, Japan
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Retrotransposition disrupting EBP in a girl and her mother with X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata. J Hum Genet 2022; 67:303-306. [PMID: 34999728 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-021-01000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
X-linked dominant chondrodysplasia punctata (CDPX2) is a rare congenital disorder caused by pathogenic variants in EBP on Xp11.23. We encountered a girl and her mother with CDPX2-compatible phenotypes including punctiform calcification in the neonatal period of the girl, and asymmetric limb shortening and ichthyosis following the Blaschko lines in both subjects. Although Sanger direct sequencing failed to reveal a disease-causing variant in EBP, whole genome sequencing (WGS) followed by Manta analysis identified a ~ 4.5 kb insertion at EBP exon 2 of both subjects. The insertion was associated with the hallmarks of retrotransposition such as an antisense poly(A) tail, a target site duplication, and a consensus endonuclease cleavage site, and the inserted sequence harbored full-length SVA_F1 element with 5'- and 3'-transductions containing the Alu sequence. The results imply the relevance of retrotransposition to the human genetic diseases and the usefulness of WGS in the identification of retrotransposition.
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7
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Zhao G, Chu F, Zhou J. Dual ambient plasma source ionization mass spectrometry for the rapid detection of trace sterols in urban water: Rapid detection of trace sterols in urban water. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2022; 57:e4809. [PMID: 35075730 DOI: 10.1002/jms.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A direct analytical method based on dual ambient plasma ion source tandem mass spectrometry was used for the simultaneous determination of four sterols in the environment. This technology has very high sensitivity and the method detects the four sterols in methanol-water (1:3) solutions with limits of detection (LOD) and limits of quantification (LOQ) ranging from 1.2 ng/L to 6.9 ng/L and 7.6 ng/L to 10.0 ng/L, respectively. The method was also used to test water quality at three locations within the city and successfully detected all four sterols at very low concentrations. The dual plasma source tandem mass spectrometry technique is extremely simple, rapid, sensitive and highly efficient compared to other traditional methods, providing a useful screening tool for sterols in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaosheng Zhao
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengjian Chu
- College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianguang Zhou
- Research Center for Analytical Instrumentation, Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Impaired Bile Acid Synthesis in a Taurine-Deficient Cat Model. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1370:195-203. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-93337-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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9
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Maekawa M, Mano N. Searching, Structural Determination, and Diagnostic Performance Evaluation of Biomarker Molecules for Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Using Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Mass Spectrom (Tokyo) 2022; 11:A0111. [PMID: 36713801 PMCID: PMC9853955 DOI: 10.5702/massspectrometry.a0111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by progressive neuronal degeneration. Patients with NPC have a wide age of onset and various clinical symptoms. Therefore, the discovery and diagnosis of NPC are very difficult. Conventional laboratory tests are complicated and time consuming. In this context, biomarker searches have recently been performed. Our research group has previously also investigated NPC biomarkers based on liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) and related techniques. To identify biomarker candidates, nontargeted analysis with high-resolution MS and MS/MS scanning is commonly used. Structural speculation has been performed using LC/MS/MS fragmentation and chemical derivatization, while identification is performed by matching authentic standards and sample specimens. Diagnostic performance evaluation was performed using the validated LC/MS/MS method and analysis of samples from patients and control subjects. NPC biomarkers, which have been identified and evaluated in terms of performance, are various classes of lipid molecules. Oxysterols, cholenoic acids, and conjugates are cholesterol-derived molecules detected in the blood or urine. Plasma lyso-sphingolipids are biomarkers for both NPC and other lysosomal diseases. N-palmitoyl-O-phosphocholine-serine is a novel class of lipid biomarkers for NPC. This article reviews biomarkers for NPC and the analysis methods employed to that end.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Maekawa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan,Correspondence to: Masamitsu Maekawa, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980–8574, Japan, e-mail:
| | - Nariyasu Mano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan
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10
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Fully Automated Quantitative Measurement of Serum Organic Acids via LC-MS/MS for the Diagnosis of Organic Acidemias: Establishment of an Automation System and a Proof-of-Concept Validation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11122195. [PMID: 34943431 PMCID: PMC8700112 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11122195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been widely used to analyze hundreds of organic acids in urine to provide a diagnostic basis for organic acidemia. However, it is difficult to operate in clinical laboratories on a daily basis due to sample pretreatment processing. Therefore, we aimed to develop a fully automated system for quantifying serum organic acids using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The pretreatment CLAM-2030 device was connected to an LC-MS/MS system for processing serum under optimized conditions, which included derivatizing serum organic acids using 3-Nitrophenylhydrazine. The derivatized organic acids were separated on a reverse-phase Sceptor HD-C column and detected using negative-ion electrospray ionization multiple reaction monitoring MS. The automated pretreatment-LC-MS/MS system processed serum in less than 1 h and analyzed 19 serum organic acids, which are used to detect organic acidemias. The system exhibited high quantitative sensitivity ranging from approximately 2 to 100 µM with a measurement reproducibility of 10.4% CV. Moreover, a proof-of-concept validation of the system was performed using sera from patients with propionic acidemia (n = 5), methylmalonic acidemia (n = 2), and 3-methylcrotonylglycinuria (n = 1). The levels of marker organic acids specific to each disease were significantly elevated in the sera of the patients compared to those in control samples. The automated pretreatment-LC-MS/MS system can be used as a rapid in-hospital system to measure organic acid levels in serum for the diagnosis of organic acidemias.
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Li T, Yin Y, Zhou Z, Qiu J, Liu W, Zhang X, He K, Cai Y, Zhu ZJ. Ion mobility-based sterolomics reveals spatially and temporally distinctive sterol lipids in the mouse brain. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4343. [PMID: 34267224 PMCID: PMC8282640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24672-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant sterol lipid metabolism is associated with physiological dysfunctions in the aging brain and aging-dependent disorders such as neurodegenerative diseases. There is an unmet demand to comprehensively profile sterol lipids spatially and temporally in different brain regions during aging. Here, we develop an ion mobility-mass spectrometry based four-dimensional sterolomics technology leveraged by a machine learning-empowered high-coverage library (>2000 sterol lipids) for accurate identification. We apply this four-dimensional technology to profile the spatially resolved landscapes of sterol lipids in ten functional regions of the mouse brain, and quantitatively uncover ~200 sterol lipids uniquely distributed in specific regions with concentrations spanning up to 8 orders of magnitude. Further spatial analysis pinpoints age-associated differences in region-specific sterol lipid metabolism, revealing changes in the numbers of altered sterol lipids, concentration variations, and age-dependent coregulation networks. These findings will contribute to our understanding of abnormal sterol lipid metabolism and its role in brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongzhou Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yandong Yin
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiwei Zhou
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqian Qiu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiwen He
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuping Cai
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Jiang Zhu
- Interdisciplinary Research Center on Biology and Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
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Demirel-Yalciner T, Sozen E, Ozaltin E, Sahin A, Ozer NK. alpha-Tocopherol supplementation reduces inflammation and apoptosis in high cholesterol mediated nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Biofactors 2021; 47:403-413. [PMID: 34101924 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation and apoptosis signaling are crucial steps in the progression from nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Alpha-tocopherol, the most active form of vitamin E, is an important modulator of signaling mechanisms, but its involvement to cholesterol-induced NASH pathogenesis remains poorly defined. Herein we have reported a novel effect of α-tocopherol in the transition from hepatic steatosis to NASH. High cholesterol diet alone (without α-tocopherol) in rabbits elevated NASH development as indicated by increased inflammatory response, apoptotic activity and liver fibrosis. Such elevation results from induction of signaling mechanisms since the expressions of IL1β, phospho c-Jun/c-Jun ratio, JNK, caspase 9, CHOP and Bax were increased, and recruitment of macrophage, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and COL1A1 into the liver tissue were induced. Alpha-tocopherol supplementation inhibited inflammatory response, apoptosis and fibrosis development without affecting lipid accumulation in high cholesterol-induced NASH. Specifically, α-tocopherol lowered the inflammatory level as observed by reduced macrophage infiltration and JNK/c-Jun signaling. Lower inflammatory status co-occurred with the reduction of CHOP and Bax expressions as well as fibrosis-related COL1A1 and α-SMA levels. Taken together, α-tocopherol supplementation inhibits cholesterol-induced NASH development by lowering JNK/c-Jun/inflammation axis in addition to JNK/CHOP/apoptosis signaling, which might contribute to resistance against NAFLD/NASH transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tugce Demirel-Yalciner
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erdi Sozen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Ozaltin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Sahin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Kartal Ozer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Genetic and Metabolic Diseases Research and Investigation Center (GEMHAM), Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Skubic C, Vovk I, Rozman D, Križman M. Simplified LC-MS Method for Analysis of Sterols in Biological Samples. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25184116. [PMID: 32916848 PMCID: PMC7571030 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25184116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a simple and robust liquid chromatographic/mass spectrometric method (LC-MS) for the quantitative analysis of 10 sterols from the late part of cholesterol synthesis (zymosterol, dehydrolathosterol, 7-dehydrodesmosterol, desmosterol, zymostenol, lathosterol, FFMAS, TMAS, lanosterol, and dihydrolanosterol) from cultured human hepatocytes in a single chromatographic run using a pentafluorophenyl (PFP) stationary phase. The method also avails on a minimized sample preparation procedure in order to obtain a relatively high sample throughput. The method was validated on 10 sterol standards that were detected in a single chromatographic LC-MS run without derivatization. Our developed method can be used in research or clinical applications for disease-related detection of accumulated cholesterol intermediates. Disorders in the late part of cholesterol synthesis lead to severe malformation in human patients. The developed method enables a simple, sensitive, and fast quantification of sterols, without the need of extended knowledge of the LC-MS technique, and represents a new analytical tool in the rising field of cholesterolomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cene Skubic
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (C.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Irena Vovk
- Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Damjana Rozman
- Center for Functional Genomics and Bio-Chips, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 4, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (C.S.); (D.R.)
| | - Mitja Križman
- Department of Food Chemistry, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +386-1-4760-266
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Impaired bile acid metabolism with defectives of mitochondrial-tRNA taurine modification and bile acid taurine conjugation in the taurine depleted cats. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4915. [PMID: 32188916 PMCID: PMC7080809 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-61821-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Taurine that conjugates with bile acid (BA) and mitochondrial-tRNA (mt-tRNA) is a conditional essential amino acid in humans, similarly to cats. To better understand the influence of acquired depletion of taurine on BA metabolism, the profiling of BAs and its intermediates, BA metabolism-enzyme expression, and taurine modified mt-tRNAs were evaluated in the taurine deficient diet-supplemented cats. In the taurine depleted cats, taurine-conjugated bile acids in bile and taurine-modified mt-tRNA in liver were significantly decreased, whereas unconjugated BA in serum was markedly increased. Impaired bile acid metabolism in the liver was induced accompanied with the decreases of mitochondrial cholesterol 27-hydroxylase expression and mitochondrial activity. Consequently, total bile acid concentration in bile was significantly decreased by the low activity of mitochondrial bile acid synthesis. These results implied that the insufficient dietary taurine intake causes impaired bile acid metabolism, and in turn, a risk for the various diseases similar to the mitochondrial diseases would be enhanced.
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MAEKAWA M, MANO N. Identification and Evaluation of Biomarkers for Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Based on Chemical Analysis Techniques. CHROMATOGRAPHY 2020. [DOI: 10.15583/jpchrom.2020.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nariyasu MANO
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital
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16
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Thiol radical-based chemical isotope labelling for sterols quantitation through high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1097:110-119. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Honda A, Miyazaki T, Iwamoto J, Hirayama T, Morishita Y, Monma T, Ueda H, Mizuno S, Sugiyama F, Takahashi S, Ikegami T. Regulation of bile acid metabolism in mouse models with hydrophobic bile acid composition. J Lipid Res 2019; 61:54-69. [PMID: 31645370 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.ra119000395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The bile acid (BA) composition in mice is substantially different from that in humans. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) is an end product in the human liver; however, mouse Cyp2c70 metabolizes CDCA to hydrophilic muricholic acids (MCAs). Moreover, in humans, the gut microbiota converts the primary BAs, cholic acid and CDCA, into deoxycholic acid (DCA) and lithocholic acid (LCA), respectively. In contrast, the mouse Cyp2a12 reverts this action and converts these secondary BAs to primary BAs. Here, we generated Cyp2a12 KO, Cyp2c70 KO, and Cyp2a12/Cyp2c70 double KO (DKO) mice using the CRISPR-Cas9 system to study the regulation of BA metabolism under hydrophobic BA composition. Cyp2a12 KO mice showed the accumulation of DCAs, whereas Cyp2c70 KO mice lacked MCAs and exhibited markedly increased hepatobiliary proportions of CDCA. In DKO mice, not only DCAs or CDCAs but also DCAs, CDCAs, and LCAs were all elevated. In Cyp2c70 KO and DKO mice, chronic liver inflammation was observed depending on the hepatic unconjugated CDCA concentrations. The BA pool was markedly reduced in Cyp2c70 KO and DKO mice, but the FXR was not activated. It was suggested that the cytokine/c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathway and the pregnane X receptor-mediated pathway are the predominant mechanisms, preferred over the FXR/small heterodimer partner and FXR/fibroblast growth factor 15 pathways, for controlling BA synthesis under hydrophobic BA composition. From our results, we hypothesize that these KO mice can be novel and useful models for investigating the roles of hydrophobic BAs in various human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Junichi Iwamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Hirayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yukio Morishita
- Diagnostic Pathology Division, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadakuni Monma
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hajime Ueda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Seiya Mizuno
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Fumihiro Sugiyama
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Satoru Takahashi
- Laboratory Animal Resource Center, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
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Dias IH, Wilson SR, Roberg-Larsen H. Chromatography of oxysterols. Biochimie 2018; 153:3-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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19
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Hirayama S, Nagasaka H, Honda A, Komatsu H, Kodama T, Inui A, Morioka I, Kaji S, Ueno T, Ihara K, Yagi M, Kizaki Z, Bessho K, Kondou H, Yorifuji T, Tsukahara H, Iijima K, Miida T. Cholesterol Metabolism Is Enhanced in the Liver and Brain of Children With Citrin Deficiency. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018; 103:2488-2497. [PMID: 29659898 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2017-02664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Citrin-deficient infants present neonatal intrahepatic cholestasis caused by citrin deficiency (NICCD), which resolves at 12 months. Thereafter, they have normal liver function associated with hypercholesterolemia, and a preference for lipid-rich carbohydrate-restricted diets. However, some develop adult-onset type II citrullinemia, which is associated with metabolic abnormalities. OBJECTIVES To identify the causes of hypercholesterolemia in citrin-deficient children post-NICCD. DESIGN AND SETTING We determined the concentrations of sterol markers of cholesterol synthesis, absorption, and catabolism by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry and evaluated serum lipoprotein profiles. SUBJECTS Twenty citrin-deficient children aged 5 to 13 years and 37 age-matched healthy children. INTERVENTION None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Relationship between serum lipoproteins and sterol markers of cholesterol metabolism. RESULTS The citrin-deficient group had a significantly higher high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration than did the control group (78 ± 11 mg/dL vs 62 ± 14 mg/dL, P < 0.001), whereas the two groups had similar low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. The concentrations of markers of cholesterol synthesis (lathosterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol) and bile acids synthesis (7α-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol) were 1.5- to 2.8-fold and 1.5- to 3.9-fold, respectively, higher in the citrin-deficient group than in the control group. The concentration of 24S-hydroxycholesterol, a marker of cholesterol catabolism in the brain, was 2.5-fold higher in the citrin-deficient group. In both groups, the HDL-C concentration was significantly positively correlated with that of 27-hydroxycholesterol, the first product of the alternative bile acid synthesis pathway. CONCLUSIONS HDL-C and sterol marker concentrations are elevated in citrin-deficient children post-NICCD. Moreover, cholesterol synthesis and elimination are markedly enhanced in the liver and brain of citrin-deficient children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hirayama
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hironori Nagasaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Takarazuka City Hospital, Takarazuka, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center and Division of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruki Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Toho University Sakura Medical Center, Sakura, Japan
| | - Takahiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ayano Inui
- Department of Pediatric Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Saiseikai Yokohamashi Tobu Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ichiro Morioka
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shunsaku Kaji
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuyama-Chuo Hospital, Okayama, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ueno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenji Ihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Science, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Oita University, Faculty of Medicine, Yufu, Japan
| | - Mariko Yagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nikoniko House Medical & Welfare Center, Kobe, Japan
| | - Zenro Kizaki
- Department of Pediatrics, Japanese Red Cross Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Bessho
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kondou
- Department of Pediatrics, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Nara, Japan
| | - Tohru Yorifuji
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism, Children's Medical Center, Osaka City General Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsukahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazumoto Iijima
- Department of Pediatrics, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Takashi Miida
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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High Cholesterol Diet-Induced Changes in Oxysterol and Scavenger Receptor Levels in Heart Tissue. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:8520746. [PMID: 30008986 PMCID: PMC6020519 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8520746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Involvement of high cholesterol and oxidative stress in cardiovascular diseases is well studied, as it can be hypothesized that various products originated from lipid peroxidation, such as oxysterols, or affected protein expression might lead to cardiomyocyte damage followed by the pathological modifications. Although oxidation of excessive cholesterol to oxysterols in elevated stress conditions is identified by a number of studies, the role of a high cholesterol diet in regulating fatty acid and oxysterol accumulation, together with scavenger receptor mRNA levels, in the heart remains little investigated. Our study provides a detailed analysis of the changes in fatty acid, oxysterol, and scavenger receptor profiles and its relation with histological alterations in the heart tissue. We evaluated alterations of fatty acid composition, by the GC-MS method, while 4β-, 25-, and 27-hydroxycholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol levels by means of LC-MS/MS in high cholesterol diet-fed rabbits. Additionally, a number of proteins related to lipid metabolism and scavenger receptor mRNA expressions were evaluated by Western blotting and RT-PCR. According to our in vivo results, a high cholesterol diet enhances a number of unsaturated fatty acids, oxysterols, and LXRα, in addition to CD36, CD68, CD204, and SR-F1 expressions while α-tocopherol supplementation decreases LXRα and SR expressions together with an increase in 27-hydroxycholesterol and ABCA1 levels. Our results indicated that the high cholesterol diet modulates proteins related to lipid metabolism, which might result in the malfunction of the heart and α-tocopherol shows its beneficial effects. We believe that this work will lead the generation of different theories in the development of heart diseases.
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Takeichi T, Honda A, Okuno Y, Kojima D, Kono M, Nakamura Y, Tohyama M, Tanaka T, Aoyama Y, Akiyama M. Sterol profiles are valuable biomarkers for phenotype expression of Conradi-Hünermann-Happle syndrome with EBP mutations. Br J Dermatol 2018; 179:1186-1188. [PMID: 29851033 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.16823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Takeichi
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - A Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Japan
| | - Y Okuno
- Center for Advanced Medicine and Clinical Research, Nagoya University Hospital, Nagoya, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - D Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - M Kono
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Y Nakamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Ichinomiya Municipal Hospital, Ichinomiya, Japan
| | - M Tohyama
- Department of Dermatology, Ehime University School of Medicine, Toon, Japan
| | - T Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Kawasaki General Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - Y Aoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Kawasaki General Hospital, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, Japan
| | - M Akiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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22
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Hirayama T, Ikegami T, Honda A, Miyazaki T, Yara SI, Kohjima M, Nakamuta M, Matsuzaki Y. Differences in the Serum 4β-hydroxycholesterol Levels of Patients with Chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Infection: A Possible Impact on the Efficacy and Safety of Interferon (IFN)-free Treatment. Intern Med 2018; 57:1219-1227. [PMID: 29279486 PMCID: PMC5980801 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.9479-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Since the majority of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) that are used in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are mainly metabolized by CYP3A4, it is hypothesized that inter-individual differences in CYP3A4 activity may be associated with the bioavailability of these agents. Methods The level of serum 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4βHC), a surrogate marker of CYP3A4 activity, was determined by LC-MS/MS in samples obtained from patients with HCV infection (CHCs) as well as healthy control subjects (CTLs). Serum samples obtained from patients treated with either asunaprevir/daclatasvir (ASV/DCV) or ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir (OTV/PTV/r) were used for additional assays. Results The serum 4βHC level in CHCs was significantly higher than that in CTLs, and a gender difference was seen among CHCs. In patients treated with OTV/PTV/r, the serum 4βHC level was observed to gradually decrease during the treatment period. In the cohort treated with ASV/DCV, 4 of 83 patients showed virological treatment failure. In pretreatment testing, an Invader assay detected a low prevalence of resistance-associated variants in these four patients. The average serum concentration of DCV/ASV in the treatment-failed group tended to be lower than that in the sustained virological response (SVR) group. The pretreatment serum 4βHC level in patients with treatment failure was significantly higher than that in patients with an SVR but in whom the prevalence of resistance-associated variants was low in the pretreatment setting. Conclusion The evaluation of CYP3A4 activity by measuring 4βHC before treatment may provide additional information that can potentially be used to select cost- and efficacy-optimized treatment of HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Hirayama
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan
| | - Tadashi Ikegami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan
| | - Teruo Miyazaki
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan
| | - Sho-Ichiro Yara
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan
| | - Motoyuki Kohjima
- Department of Medicine and Bioregulatory Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Makoto Nakamuta
- Department of Gastroenterology, National Hospital Organization Kyushu Medical Center, Japan
| | - Yasushi Matsuzaki
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Japan
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Gachumi G, El-Aneed A. Mass Spectrometric Approaches for the Analysis of Phytosterols in Biological Samples. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:10141-10156. [PMID: 29058915 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Plant sterols (phytosterols) are important structural components of plant cellular membranes, and they play a major role during development and metabolism. They have health-associated benefits, especially in lowering blood cholesterol levels. Because of their many health claims, there is a growing interest in their analysis. Although various analytical strategies have been employed in analyzing phytosterols, chromatography linked to mass spectrometry (MS) is superior due to its sensitivity. Furthermore, specificity and selectivity are enhanced by utilizing tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). This article reviews the various mass spectrometric strategies used for the analysis of phytosterols. It highlights the applications and limitations associated with each MS strategy in various sample matrixes such as plant, human, animal, food, and dietary supplements. GC-MS was historically the method of choice for analysis; however, the derivatization step rendered it tedious and time-consuming. On the other hand, liquid chromatography coupled to MS (LC-MS) simplifies the analysis. Many ionization techniques have been used, namely, electrospray ionization (ESI), atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), and atmospheric pressure photoionization (APPI). APCI showed superiority in terms of ion intensity and consistency in ion formation, primarily forming [M + H - H2O]+ ions rather than [M + H]+. In addition, matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) as well as ambient mass spectrometry such as direct analysis in real time (DART) have also been evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Gachumi
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E5
| | - Anas El-Aneed
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada , S7N 5E5
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Adhikari S, Xia Y. Thiyl Radical-Based Charge Tagging Enables Sterol Quantitation via Mass Spectrometry. Anal Chem 2017; 89:12631-12635. [PMID: 29155553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by the high reactivity and specificity of thiyl radicals toward alkenes, we have developed a new charge derivatization method to enable fast and quantitative analysis of sterols via electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Thioglycolic acid (TGA), a commercially available compound, has been established as a highly efficient tagging reagent. Initiated from photochemical reactions, the thiyl radical derived from TGA abstracts an allylic hydrogen in the B ring of sterols, forming a radical intermediate which rapidly recombines with a second thiyl radical to produce the final tagged product. Because of the incorporation of a carboxylic acid group, TGA tagging not only improves the limit of detection (sub-nM) for sterols but also facilitates their quantitation via characteristic 44 Da neutral loss scan. This radical based derivatization is fast (1 min) and efficient (>90% yield) when conducted in a flow microreactor. The analytical utility of thiyl radical charge tagging method has been demonstrated by quantifying sterols from human plasma and vegetable oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarju Adhikari
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University , West Lafayette, Indiana 47906, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, China
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25
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Quantification of oxysterols in human plasma and red blood cells by liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1439:82-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Abstract
Sensitive and reliable analysis of endogenous compounds is critically important for many physiological and pathological studies. Methods based on LC–MS have progressed to become the method of choice for analyzing endogenous compounds. However, the analysis can be challenging due to various factors, including inherent low concentrations in biological samples, low ionization efficiency, undesirable chromatographic behavior and interferences of complex biological. The integration of chemical derivatization with LC–MS could enhance its capabilities in sensitivity and selectivity, and extend its application to a wider range of analytes. In this article, we will review the derivatization strategies in the LC–MS analysis of various endogenous compounds, and provide applications highlighting the impact of these important techniques in the evaluation of pathological events.
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Woolsey SJ, Mansell SE, Kim RB, Tirona RG, Beaton MD. CYP3A Activity and Expression in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:1484-90. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.065979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Wang Y, Liu X, Pijut SS, Li J, Horn J, Bradford EM, Leggas M, Barrett TA, Graf GA. The combination of ezetimibe and ursodiol promotes fecal sterol excretion and reveals a G5G8-independent pathway for cholesterol elimination. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:810-20. [PMID: 25635125 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m053454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies suggest an interdependent relationship between liver and intestine for cholesterol elimination from the body. We hypothesized that a combination of ursodiol (Urso) and ezetimibe (EZ) could increase biliary secretion and reduce cholesterol reabsorption, respectively, to promote cholesterol excretion. Treatment with Urso increased hepatic ABCG5 ABCG8 (G5G8) protein and both biliary and fecal sterols in a dose-dependent manner. To determine whether the drug combination (Urso-EZ) further increased cholesterol excretion, mice were treated with Urso alone or in combination with two doses of EZ. EZ produced an additive and dose-dependent increase in fecal neutral sterol (FNS) elimination in the presence of Urso. Finally, we sequentially treated wide-type and G5G8-deficient mice with Urso and Urso-EZ to determine the extent to which these effects were G5G8 dependent. Although biliary and FNS were invariably lower in G5G8 KO mice, the relative increase in FNS following treatment with Urso alone or the Urso-EZ combination was not affected by genotype. In conclusion, Urso increases G5G8, biliary cholesterol secretion, and FNS and acts additively with EZ to promote fecal sterol excretion. However, the stimulatory effect of these agents was not G5G8 dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhuan Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Sonja S Pijut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jianing Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jamie Horn
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Emily M Bradford
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Markos Leggas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Innovation, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Gregory A Graf
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY Saha Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Shang Q, Guo GL, Honda A, Shi D, Saumoy M, Salen G, Xu G. Bile acid flux through portal but not peripheral veins inhibits CYP7A1 expression without involvement of ileal FGF19 in rabbits. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2014; 307:G479-86. [PMID: 24994853 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00062.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
It was proposed that CYP7A1 expression is suppressed through the gut-hepatic signaling pathway fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15/19-fibroblast growth factor receptor 4, which is initiated by activation of farnesoid X receptor in the intestine rather than in the liver. The present study tested whether portal bile acid flux alone without ileal FGF19 could downregulate CYP7A1 expression in rabbits. A rabbit model was developed by infusing glycodeoxycholic acid (GDCA) through the splenic vein to bypass ileal FGF19. Study was conducted in four groups of rabbits: control; bile fistula + bovine serum albumin solution perfusion (BF); BF + GDCA (by portal perfusion); and BF + GDCA-f (by femoral perfusion). Compared with only BF, BF + GDCA (6 h portal perfusion) suppressed CYP7A1 mRNA, whereas BF + GDCA-f (via femoral vein) with the same perfusion rate of GDCA did not show inhibitory effects. Meanwhile, there was a decrease in ileal FGF19 expression and portal FGF19 protein levels, but an equivalent increase in biliary bile acid outputs in both GDCA perfusion groups. This study demonstrated that portal bile acid flux alone downregulated CYP7A1 expression with diminished FGF19 expression and protein levels, whereas the same bile acid flux reaching the liver through the hepatic artery via femoral vein had no inhibitory effect on CYP7A1. We propose that bile acid flux through the portal venous system may be a kind of "intestinal factor" that suppresses CYP7A1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Shang
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey
| | - Grace L Guo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey; and
| | - Akira Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Ibaraki Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Daniel Shi
- Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey
| | - Monica Saumoy
- Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey
| | - Gerald Salen
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Guorong Xu
- Department of Medicine, Rutgers, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey; Medical Research Service, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, East Orange, New Jersey;
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Sugizaki T, Watanabe M, Horai Y, Kaneko-Iwasaki N, Arita E, Miyazaki T, Morimoto K, Honda A, Irie J, Itoh H. The Niemann-Pick C1 like 1 (NPC1L1) inhibitor ezetimibe improves metabolic disease via decreased liver X receptor (LXR) activity in liver of obese male mice. Endocrinology 2014; 155:2810-9. [PMID: 24773344 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-2143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemic patients with diabetes mellitus, including metabolic syndrome, are at increased risk of coronary heart disease. It has been reported that ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption inhibitor, improves metabolic diseases in mice and humans. However, the underlying mechanism has been unclear. Here we explored the effects of ezetimibe on lipid and glucose homeostasis. Male KK-A(y) mice were fed a high-fat diet, which is the mouse model of metabolic syndrome, with or without ezetimibe for 14 weeks. Ezetimibe improved dyslipidemia, steatosis, and insulin resistance. Ezetimibe decreased hepatic oxysterols, which are endogenous agonists of liver X receptor (LXR), to decrease hepatic lipogenic gene expressions, especially in stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1), leading to a remarkable reduction of hepatic oleate content that would contribute to the improvement of steatosis by reducing triglycerides and cholesterol esters. Simultaneously, hepatic β-oxidation, NADPH oxidase and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) were reduced, and thus reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammatory cytokines were also decreased. Consistent with these changes, ezetimibe diminished c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation and improved insulin signaling in the liver. In vitro study using primary hepatocytes obtained from male SD rats, treated with oleate and LXR agonist, showed excess lipid accumulation, increased oxidative stress and impaired insulin signaling. Therefore, in obese subjects, ezetimibe reduces hepatic LXR activity by reducing hepatic oxysterols to lower hepatic oleate content. This improves steatosis and reduces oxidative stress, and this reduction improves insulin signaling in the liver. These results provide insight into pathogenesis and strategies for treatment of the metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taichi Sugizaki
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine (T.S., M.W., Y.H., N.K.I., E.A., K.M., J.I., H.I.), Health Science Laboratory, and Graduate School of Media and Governance (M.W.), Keio University, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan; and Center for Collaborative Research (T.M., A.H.), Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, 300-0332 Japan
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Endo-Umeda K, Yasuda K, Sugita K, Honda A, Ohta M, Ishikawa M, Hashimoto Y, Sakaki T, Makishima M. 7-Dehydrocholesterol metabolites produced by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) modulate liver X receptor activity. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 140:7-16. [PMID: 24269243 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Revised: 10/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
7-Dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC) is a common precursor of vitamin D3 and cholesterol. Although various oxysterols, oxygenated cholesterol derivatives, have been implicated in cellular signaling pathways, 7-DHC metabolism and potential functions of its metabolites remain poorly understood. We examined 7-DHC metabolism by various P450 enzymes and detected three metabolites produced by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) using high-performance liquid chromatography. Two were further identified as 25-hydroxy-7-DHC and 26/27-hydroxy-7-DHC. These 7-DHC metabolites were detected in serum of a patient with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Luciferase reporter assays showed that 25-hydroxy-7-DHC activates liver X receptor (LXR) α, LXRβ and vitamin D receptor and that 26/27-hydroxy-7-DHC induces activation of LXRα and LXRβ, although the activities of both compounds on LXRs were weak. In a mammalian two-hybrid assay, 25-hydroxy-7-DHC and 26/27-hydroxy-7-DHC induced interaction between LXRα and a coactivator fragment less efficiently than a natural LXR agonist, 22(R)-hydroxycholesterol. These 7-DHC metabolites did not oppose agonist-induced LXR activation and interacted directly to LXRα in a manner distinct from a potent agonist. These findings indicate that the 7-DHC metabolites are partial LXR activators. Interestingly, 25-hydroxy-7-DHC and 26/27-hydroxy-7-DHC suppressed mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c, an LXR target gene, in HepG2 cells and HaCaT cells, while they weakly increased mRNA levels of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1, another LXR target, in HaCaT cells. Thus, 7-DHC is catabolized by CYP27A1 to metabolites that act as selective LXR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Endo-Umeda
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Kaori Yasuda
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Sugita
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Akira Honda
- Joint Research Center, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
| | - Miho Ohta
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Human Development, Soai University, Suminoe-ku, Osaka 559-0033, Japan
| | - Minoru Ishikawa
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yuichi Hashimoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Sakaki
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
| | - Makoto Makishima
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Nihon University School of Medicine, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
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Increased serum oxysterol concentrations in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 446:736-40. [PMID: 24525121 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.01.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress and dysregulated cholesterol metabolism are characteristic features of chronic hepatitis C virus infection (CHC). Therefore, we analyzed serum oxysterol profiles in CHC patients and examined the significance of oxysterols in CHC. The concentrations of 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 4β-hydroxycholesterol and 25-hydroxycholesterol as determined by LC-ESI-MS/MS were significantly elevated by +236%, +29% and +44%, respectively, in CHC patients compared with controls. Moreover, the elevated levels were significantly decreased by anti-viral therapy using PEGylated-interferon and ribavirin for 3 months. In contrast, 24S-hydroxycholesterol, 27-hydroxycholesterol and 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one concentrations were not affected by CHC or anti-viral treatment. These results suggest that some oxysterols that are elevated in CHC are produced by cholesterol autoxidation due to oxidative stress or inflammation in the liver. Oxysterols may represent novel targets for the inhibition of disease progression and the prevention of hepatocarcinogenesis in CHC patients.
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Wilczewska K, Kot-Wasik A, Namieśnik J. LC-MS and LC-NMR as Complementary Techniques for the Determination of Pharmaceuticals in Dosage Formulations. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2013.810459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Iwamoto J, Saito Y, Honda A, Miyazaki T, Ikegami T, Matsuzaki Y. Bile acid malabsorption deactivates pregnane X receptor in patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2013; 19:1278-84. [PMID: 23574760 DOI: 10.1097/mib.0b013e318281f423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that the downregulation of pregnane X receptor (PXR) may contribute to the susceptibility and exacerbation of Crohn's disease (CD). Because bile acid malabsorption is one of the features of CD and bile acids are potential activators of PXR, we explored the relationship between bile acid malabsorption and PXR activities in patients with CD. METHODS Twenty-one patients with CD (4 ileal-resected and 17 nonresected), 10 with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 26 healthy controls were studied. Serum biomarkers for the activity of CYP3A4, a target gene of PXR, and for cholesterol and bile acid metabolism were quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The concentrations of 4β-hydroxycholesterol (4β-HC), a known marker for CYP3A4 activity, and those of 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), another metabolite by CYP3A4, were significantly reduced in all patients with CD, especially in those with the history of ileal resection. The concentration of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), a marker for hepatic bile acid biosynthesis, was significantly elevated, whereas the levels of fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19), a marker for intestinal bile acid flux, were reduced in patients with CD compared with patients with UC and controls. A significant negative correlation was observed between 4β-HC or 25-HC and C4 concentrations in all patients with CD. CONCLUSIONS The degree of bile acid malabsorption was closely associated with the deactivation of PXR in CD. Enterohepatic circulation of bile acids is a key factor for preservation of baseline activity of hepatointestinal PXR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Iwamoto
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Honda A, Ikegami T, Nakamuta M, Miyazaki T, Iwamoto J, Hirayama T, Saito Y, Takikawa H, Imawari M, Matsuzaki Y. Anticholestatic effects of bezafibrate in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis treated with ursodeoxycholic acid. Hepatology 2013; 57:1931-41. [PMID: 22911624 DOI: 10.1002/hep.26018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Accepted: 08/02/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Bezafibrate is a widely used hypolipidemic agent and is known as a ligand of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Recently this agent has come to be recognized as a potential anticholestatic medicine for the treatment of primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) that does not respond sufficiently to ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) monotherapy. The aim of this study was to explore the anticholestatic mechanisms of bezafibrate by analyzing serum lipid biomarkers in PBC patients and by cell-based enzymatic and gene expression assays. Nineteen patients with early-stage PBC and an incomplete biochemical response to UDCA (600 mg/day) monotherapy were treated with the same dose of UDCA plus bezafibrate (400 mg/day) for 3 months. In addition to the significant improvement of serum biliary enzymes, immunoglobulin M (IgM), cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations in patients treated with bezafibrate, reduction of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4), a marker of bile acid synthesis, and increase of 4β-hydroxycholesterol, a marker of CYP3A4/5 activity, were observed. In vitro experiments using human hepatoma cell lines demonstrated that bezafibrate controlled the target genes of PPARα, as well as those of the pregnane X receptor (PXR); down-regulating CYP7A1, CYP27A1, and sinusoidal Na(+) /taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP), and up-regulating CYP3A4, canalicular multidrug resistance protein 3 (MDR3), MDR1, and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2). CONCLUSION Bezafibrate is a dual PPARs/PXR agonist with potent anticholestatic efficacy in early-stage PBC patients with an incomplete biochemical response to UDCA monotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, Ami, Ibaraki, Japan
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A highly sensitive quantification of phytosterols through an inexpensive derivatization. Chem Phys Lipids 2013; 166:18-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphyslip.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Revised: 11/29/2012] [Accepted: 12/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Andrade I, Santos L, Ramos F. Advances in analytical methods to study cholesterol metabolism: the determination of serum noncholesterol sterols. Biomed Chromatogr 2012; 27:1234-42. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 10/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Lèlita Santos
- Internal Medicine Department; Coimbra University Hospitals; Medicine Faculty; 3000-075; Coimbra; Portugal
| | - Fernando Ramos
- CEF-Center for Pharmaceutical Studies, Health Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, Pharmacy Faculty; Coimbra University; 3000-548; Coimbra; Portugal
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Ikegami T, Hyogo H, Honda A, Miyazaki T, Tokushige K, Hashimoto E, Inui K, Matsuzaki Y, Tazuma S. Increased serum liver X receptor ligand oxysterols in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol 2012; 47:1257-66. [PMID: 22569763 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-012-0585-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is a post-hoc analysis of a subset of patients who participated in our multi-institutional case-control study that evaluated the effects of pitavastatin in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with hypercholesterolemia. METHODS Serum samples of fifteen patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD with dyslipidemia were investigated. Serum markers of lipid metabolism were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)/MS. These data were then compared with those of 36 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. In addition, changes in these markers produced by treatment with pitavastatin were evaluated. RESULTS Serum non-cholesterol sterols, reflecting intestinal cholesterol absorption, were significantly lower in the NAFLD patients compared to the controls, and the cholesterol synthesis marker, the ratio of lathosterol to cholesterol, was not significantly different between the two groups. Serum proportions of liver X receptor α (LXRα) ligand oxysterols (ratios to cholesterol) were significantly elevated in the NAFLD patients compared to the controls. The sum of oxysterols relative to cholesterol and the homeostasis model assessment as an index of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were significantly correlated. The marker representing cholesterol synthesis was significantly suppressed by pitavastatin treatment, from 3 months after initiation of the treatment, and the suppression remained significant during the observation period. The markers representing cholesterol absorption were unchanged at 3 months, but had significantly increased at 12 months. Serum oxysterol levels relative to cholesterol maintained high values and did not change significantly during the 12-month period of treatment. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that serum LXRα ligand oxysterol levels (relative to cholesterol) could be surrogate markers of insulin resistance, and that high oxysterol levels in the circulation may play an important role in the development of hepatic and peripheral insulin resistance followed by NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ikegami
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Ibaraki Medical Center, 3-20-1 Chuo, Ami-machi, Inashiki-gun, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
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Mendiara I, Domeño C, Nerín C. Development of a fast sample treatment for the analysis of free and bonded sterols in human serum by LC-MS. J Sep Sci 2012; 35:3308-16. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/19/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mendiara
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A; University of Zaragoza; Zaragoza; Spain
| | - Celia Domeño
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A; University of Zaragoza; Zaragoza; Spain
| | - Cristina Nerín
- Department of Analytical Chemistry; Aragon Institute of Engineering Research I3A; University of Zaragoza; Zaragoza; Spain
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Wong CH, Leung DK, Tang FP, Wong JK, Yu NH, Wan TS. Rapid screening of anabolic steroids in horse urine with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry after chemical derivatisation. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1232:257-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2011.12.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 12/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/30/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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García-Llatas G, Vidal C, Cilla A, Barberá R, Lagarda MJ. Simultaneous quantification of serum phytosterols and cholesterol precursors using a simple gas chromatographic method. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201100331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Misra RV, Ahmod NZ, Parker R, Fang M, Shah H, Gharbia S. Developing an integrated proteo-genomic approach for the characterisation of biomarkers for the identification of Bacillus anthracis. J Microbiol Methods 2011; 88:237-47. [PMID: 22178189 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis is the causative agent of anthrax, an acute and often fatal disease in humans. Due to the high genomic relatedness within the Bacillus cereus group of species it is a challenge to identify B. anthracis consistently. Alternative strategies such as proteomics coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) provide a powerful approach for biomarker discovery. However, validating and evaluating these markers, particularly for genetically homogeneous species such as B. anthracis are challenging. The objective of this study is to develop a robust biomarker discovery and validation pipeline, using proteomic methodology combined with in silico and molecular approaches, to determine a biomarker list, using B. anthracis as a model. In this exploratory study we profiled the proteome of B. anthracis and genetically related species using GeLC-Liquid Chromatography MS/MS (GeLC-LC MS/MS), identifying peptides that could be used to detect B. anthracis. Peptides were filtered to remove low quality identifications. Using comparative bioinformatic approaches, matching and searching against genomic sequence data a shortlist of peptide biomarkers was determined and validated using DNA sequencing, against a panel of closely related strains, to determine marker specificity. Further validation was performed using MS quantitation methods to assess sensitivity and specificity. A biomarker discovery pipeline was successfully developed in this study, comprising four distinct stages: proteome profiling, comparative bioinformatic validation, DNA sequencing and MS validation. Using the pipeline, 5379 peptides specific for Bacillus species and 36 peptides specific for B. anthracis were identified and validated. The 36 peptides, representing 30 proteins were derived from over 15 different clusters of orthologous group categories, including proteins involved in transcription, energy production/conservation as well as multifunctional proteins. We demonstrated that the peptide biomarkers identified in this study could be detected in a complex background, in which 0.1 μg of protein extract from B. anthracis was spiked into 9.90 μg of B. cereus protein extracts. The integration of both stable non-redundant peptides with molecular methodology for marker discovery and validation, improves the robustness of identifying and characterising candidate biomarkers for the identification of bacteria such as B. anthracis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju V Misra
- Department for Bioanalysis and Horizon Technologies, Health Protection Agency, 61 Colindale Avenue, London NW95EQ, United Kingdom.
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A highly specific and sensitive quantification analysis of the sterols in silkworm larvae by high performance liquid chromatography–atmospheric pressure chemical ionization–tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Biochem 2011; 419:123-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Revised: 08/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Effect of Tetrabutylammonium Cation on Solid-Phase Analytical Derivatization as a Function of Analyte Lipophilicity. Chromatographia 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-011-2160-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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45
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Griffiths WJ, Wang Y. Analysis of oxysterol metabolomes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2011; 1811:784-99. [PMID: 21718802 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2011.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/23/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxygenated forms of cholesterol. This definition can, however, be expanded to include oxygenated derivatives of plant sterols and also of cholesterol precursors. Oxysterols are formed in the first steps of cholesterol metabolism and also from cholesterol by reactive oxygen species. Oxysterols were once thought of as simple intermediates, or side-products, in the conversion of cholesterol to hormonal steroids and bile acids, however, they have subsequently been shown to be biologically active molecules in their own right. In this article we will discuss methods of oxysterol analysis including "classical" gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) methods and more recent liquid chromatography (LC)-MS methods. Our main focus, however, will be on analytical methods based on "charge-tagging" and LC-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS or MS(n)) which we have developed over the last decade in our laboratory. Examples will be given of oxysterol analysis in brain, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. The advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of oxysterol analysis will be discussed.
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Honda A, Miyazaki T, Ikegami T, Iwamoto J, Maeda T, Hirayama T, Saito Y, Teramoto T, Matsuzaki Y. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylation activity of CYP3A. J Lipid Res 2011; 52:1509-16. [PMID: 21576599 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m014084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, many studies have been conducted using 25-hydroxycholesterol, which is a potent regulator of lipid metabolism. However, the origins of this oxysterol have not been entirely elucidated. Cholesterol 25-hydroxylase is one of the enzymes responsible for the metabolism of 25-hydroxycholesterol, but the expression of this enzyme is very low in humans. This oxysterol is also synthesized by sterol 27-hydroxylase (CYP27A1) and cholesterol 24-hydroxylase(CYP46A1), but it is only a minor product of these enzymes. We now report that CYP3A synthesizes a significant amount of 25-hydroxycholesterol and may participate in the regulation of lipid metabolism. Induction of CYP3A by pregnenolone-16α-carbonitrile caused the accumulation of 25-hydroxycholesterol in a cell line derived from mouse liver. Furthermore, treatment of the cells with troleandomycin, a specific inhibitor of CYP3A, significantly reduced cellular 25-hydroxycholesterol concentrations. In cells that overexpressed human recombinant CYP3A4, the activity of cholesterol 25-hydroxylation was found to be higher than that of cholesterol 4β-hydroxylation, a known marker activity of CYP3A4. In addition, 25-hydroxycholesterol concentrations in normal human sera correlated positively with the levels of 4β-hydroxycholesterol (r = 0.650, P < 0.0001, n = 78), but did not significantly correlate with the levels of 27-hydroxycholesterol or 24S-hydroxycholesterol. These results demonstrate the significance of CYP3A on the production of 25-hydroxycholesterol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Honda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Center for Collaborative Research, Ibaraki 300-0395, Japan
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