1
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Wang T, Han L, Xu J, Guo B. Identification of vitamin D-related signature for predicting the clinical outcome and immunotherapy response in hepatocellular carcinoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2024; 103:e37998. [PMID: 38728505 PMCID: PMC11081612 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000037998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers globally, seriously endangering people health. Vitamin D was significantly associated with tumor progression and patients' prognosis. Integrative 10 machine learning algorithms were used to develop a Vitamin D-related signature (VRS) with one training cohort and 3 testing cohorts. The performance of VRS in predicting the immunology response was verified using several predicting approaches. The optimal VRS was constructed by stepCox + superPC algorithm. VRS acted as a risk factor for HCC patients. HCC patients with high-risk score had a poor clinical outcome and the AUCs of 1-, 3-, and 5-year ROC were 0.786, 0.755, and 0.786, respectively. A higher level of CD8 + cytotoxic T cells and B cells was obtained in HCC patients with low-risk score. There is higher PD1&CTLA4 immunophenoscore and TMB score in low-risk score in HCC patients. Lower TIDE score and tumor escape score was found in HCC cases with low-risk score. The IC50 value of camptothecin, docetaxel, crizotinib, dasatinib, and erlotinib was lower in HCC cases with high-risk score. HCC patients with high-risk score had a higher score of cancer-related hallmarks, including angiogenesis, glycolysis, and NOTCH signaling. Our study proposed a novel VRS for HCC, which served as an indicator for predicting clinical outcome and immunotherapy responses in HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Wang
- Department of Physical Examination, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Lulu Han
- Department of Physical Examination, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Jinjiang Xu
- Department of Physical Examination, the First Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Bin Guo
- Department of Physical Examination, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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2
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Cellular Carcinogenesis: Role of Polarized Macrophages in Cancer Initiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112811. [PMID: 35681791 PMCID: PMC9179569 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Inflammation is a hallmark of many cancers. Macrophages are key participants in innate immunity and important drivers of inflammation. When chronically polarized beyond normal homeostatic responses to infection, injury, or aging, macrophages can express several pro-carcinogenic phenotypes. In this review, evidence supporting polarized macrophages as endogenous sources of carcinogenesis is discussed. In addition, the depletion or modulation of macrophages by small molecule inhibitors and probiotics are reviewed as emerging strategies in cancer prevention. Abstract Inflammation is an essential hallmark of cancer. Macrophages are key innate immune effector cells in chronic inflammation, parainflammation, and inflammaging. Parainflammation is a form of subclinical inflammation associated with a persistent DNA damage response. Inflammaging represents low-grade inflammation due to the dysregulation of innate and adaptive immune responses that occur with aging. Whether induced by infection, injury, or aging, immune dysregulation and chronic macrophage polarization contributes to cancer initiation through the production of proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines and genotoxins and by modulating immune surveillance. This review presents pre-clinical and clinical evidence for polarized macrophages as endogenous cellular carcinogens in the context of chronic inflammation, parainflammation, and inflammaging. Emerging strategies for cancer prevention, including small molecule inhibitors and probiotic approaches, that target macrophage function and phenotype are also discussed.
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3
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Goswami S, Flores J, Balasubramanian I, Bandyopadhyay S, Joseph I, Bianchi-Smak J, Dhawan P, Mücahit DM, Yu S, Christakos S, Gao N. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D 3 and dietary vitamin D reduce inflammation in mice lacking intestinal epithelial cell Rab11a. J Cell Physiol 2021; 236:8148-8159. [PMID: 34192357 PMCID: PMC9161497 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A number of studies have examined the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2 D3 ) on intestinal inflammation driven by immune cells, while little information is currently available about its impact on inflammation caused by intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) defects. Mice lacking IEC-specific Rab11a a recycling endosome small GTPase resulted in increased epithelial cell production of inflammatory cytokines, notably IL-6 and early onset of enteritis. To determine whether vitamin D supplementation may benefit hosts with epithelial cell-originated mucosal inflammation, we evaluated in vivo effects of injected 1,25(OH)2 D3 or dietary supplement of a high dose of vitamin D on the gut phenotypes of IEC-specific Rab11a knockout mice (Rab11aΔIEC ). 1,25(OH)2 D3 administered at 25 ng, two doses per mouse, by intraperitoneal injection, reduced inflammatory cytokine production in knockout mice compared to vehicle-injected mice. Remarkably, feeding mice with dietary vitamin D supplementation at 20,000 IU/kg spanning fetal and postnatal developmental stages led to improved bodyweights, reduced immune cell infiltration, and decreased inflammatory cytokines. We found that these vitamin D effects were accompanied by decreased NF-κB (p65) in the knockout intestinal epithelia, reduced tissue-resident macrophages, and partial restoration of epithelial morphology. Our study suggests that dietary vitamin D supplementation may prevent and limit intestinal inflammation in hosts with high susceptibility to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayantani Goswami
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Iyshwarya Balasubramanian
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sheila Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ivor Joseph
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jared Bianchi-Smak
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Puneet Dhawan
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Derya M Mücahit
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sylvia Christakos
- Department of Microbiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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4
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Varghese JE, Balasubramanian B, Velayuthaprabhu S, Thirunavukkarasu V, Rengarajan RL, Murugesh E, Manikandan P, Arun M, Anand AV. Therapeutic effects of vitamin D and cancer: An overview. FOOD FRONTIERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Elsa Varghese
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Bharathiar University Tamil Nadu India
| | | | | | | | | | - Easwaran Murugesh
- Nutritional Improvement of Crops International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology New Delhi India
| | | | - Meyyazhagan Arun
- Department of Life Sciences CHRIST (Deemed to be University) Karnataka India
| | - Arumugam Vijaya Anand
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology Bharathiar University Tamil Nadu India
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5
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Bu L, Huang F, Li M, Peng Y, Wang H, Zhang M, Peng L, Liu L, Zhao Q. Identification of Vitamin D-related gene signature to predict colorectal cancer prognosis. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11430. [PMID: 34035992 PMCID: PMC8126261 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant carcinomas worldwide with poor prognosis, imposing an increasingly heavy burden on patients. Previous experiments and epidemiological studies have shown that vitamin D and vitamin D-related genes play a vital role in CRC. Therefore, we aimed to construct a vitamin D-related gene signature to predict prognosis in CRC. The CRC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) was performed as the training set. A total of 173 vitamin D-related genes in the TCGA CRC dataset were screened, and 17 genes associated with CRC prognosis were identified from them. Then, a vitamin D-related gene signature consisting of those 17 genes was established by univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Moreover, four external datasets (GSE17536, GSE103479, GSE39582, and GSE17537) were used as testing set to validate the stability of this signature. The high-risk group presented a significantly poorer overall survival than low-risk group in both of training set and testing sets. Besides, the areas under the curve (AUCs) for signature on OS in training set at 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.710, 0.708, 0.710 respectively. The AUCs of the ROC curve in GSE17536 for 1, 3, and 5 years were 0.649, 0.654, and 0.694. These results indicated the vitamin D-related gene signature model could effectively predict the survival status of CRC patients. This vitamin D-related gene signature was also correlated with TNM stage in CRC clinical parameters, and the higher risk score from this model was companied with higher clinical stage. Furthermore, the high accuracy of this prognostic signature was validated and confirmed by nomogram model. In conclusion, we have proposed a novel vitamin D-related gene model to predict the prognosis of CRC, which will help provide new therapeutic targets and act as potential prognostic biomarkers for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luping Bu
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fengxing Huang
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengting Li
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yanan Peng
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haizhou Wang
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liqun Peng
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Liu
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiu Zhao
- Hubei Clinical Center and Key Lab of Intestinal and Colorectal Diseases, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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6
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Zhu Y, Yang D, Duan X, Zhang Y, Chen D, Gong Z, Liu C. Perfluorooctane sulfonate promotes doxycycline-induced liver tumor progression in male Kras v12 transgenic zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 196:110962. [PMID: 33675800 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.110962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is a persistent organic pollutant that has been widely detected in the environment and has caused growing international concern. The liver is the main target organ of PFOS exposure. Animal experiments have shown that PFOS exposure can increase the risk of liver tumorigenesis. However, whether PFOS can accelerate liver tumor progression is still unclear. In this study, transgenic zebrafish Tg(fabp10:rtTA2s-M2; TRE2:EGFP-KRASG12V), a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model that can cause liver tumorigenesis by doxycycline (DOX) induction, was used to investigate the effect of PFOS exposure in HCC progression. The male krasV12 transgenic zebrafish were exposed to 20 mg/L DOX, 500 μg/L PFOS or combined 20 mg/L DOX and 500 μg/L PFOS for 10 d. The results showed that co-treated with PFOS and DOX caused oncogenic Kras-induced liver enlargement, increased the percentages of zebrafish with HCC, and aggravated metabolic reprogramming of liver. To the best of our knowledge, this study for the first proved that PFOS could promote liver tumor progression. Decreased vitamin D level and increased fatty acid intake caused by PFOS might be responsible for the tumor-promoting effects. The results suggest that attention should be paid to the tumor-promoting effects of PFOS when assessing its environmental health risks, and these findings provide new insights into the toxicity of PFOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Watershed Science and Health, School of Public Health and Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Dandong Yang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinbin Duan
- Yangtze River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Yongkang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Daqing Chen
- Yangtze River Fisheries Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, 430223, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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7
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Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on vitamin D supplement and cancer incidence and mortality. Biosci Rep 2020; 39:220847. [PMID: 31696224 PMCID: PMC6851517 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: We aimed to meta-analyze the results of published randomized controlled trials to test the hypothesis that low vitamin D supplement is associated with an increased risk of cancer incidence and mortality. Methods: Randomized controlled trials that explored the association between vitamin D supplement and cancer incidence or mortality as primary outcomes were identified through searching the PubMed and EMBASE. Literature search and data extraction were performed independently and in duplicate. Results: Ten randomized controlled trials pooled in 81362 participants. The incidence rate of cancer was 9.16% (3716 cases) and 9.29% (3799 cases) in vitamin D intervention group and placebo group, respectively, resulting in a nonsignificant relative risk (RR) (95% confidence interval (95% CI)) of 0.99 (0.94–1.03) (P=0.532). The mortality rate of cancer was 2.11% (821 cases) and 2.43% (942 cases) in vitamin D intervention group and placebo group, respectively, resulting in a significant reduction in risk (RR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.79–0.95, P=0.003). There was no observable heterogeneity or publication bias. Subgroup analyses revealed that history of cancer, extra use of vitamin D and calcium supplement were potential sources of heterogeneity. Conclusions: Our findings support a beneficial effect of vitamin D supplement on lowering cancer mortality, especially in subpopulations with no history of cancer, extra use of vitamin D, or calcium supplement.
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8
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Badger-Emeka LI, AlJaziri ZY, Almulhim CF, Aldrees AS, AlShakhs ZH, AlAithan RI, Alothman FA. Vitamin D Supplementation in Laboratory-Bred Mice: An In Vivo Assay on Gut Microbiome and Body Weight. Microbiol Insights 2020; 13:1178636120945294. [PMID: 32782431 PMCID: PMC7388085 DOI: 10.1177/1178636120945294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Saudi Arabia is in a tropical geographical region with a population that has
access to adequate diet. There is, however, a high level of vitamin D deficiency
in the Kingdom, comorbid with other disease. There is the postulation of a
correlation between a healthy gut microbiota and balanced levels of serum
vitamin D. This investigation looks into the effect of vitamin D supplementation
on the gut flora of laboratory-bred mice as well as any possible association on
body weight. BALB/C mice weighing between 34 and 35.8 g were divided into 4
groups and placed on daily doses of vitamin D of 3.75 µg (low dose), 7.5 µg
(normal dose), and 15 µg (high dose). The fourth group was the control group
that did not receive any supplementation with vitamin D. Body weights were
monitored on weekly basis, while faecal samples from the rectum were obtained
for microbial culturing and the monitoring of bacterial colony count using the
Vitek 2 Compact automated system (BioMerieux, Marcy-l’Etoile, France) according
to manufacturer’s guidelines. The data presented as mean ± SD, while significant
differences were determined with 2-way analysis of variance in comparing
differences within and between treatment groups. The different doses of vitamin
D showed varying effects on the body weight and gut microbial colonies of the
mice. There was a highly significant difference between the control, 15 µg
(high), and 7.5 µg (normal) dose groups. This is suggestive that supplementation
with vitamin D could a role in the gut microbial flora in the gut which could
reflect in changes in body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorina Ineta Badger-Emeka
- College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Microbiology Division. College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa. Saudi Arabia
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9
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Ungaro F, D’Alessio S, Danese S. The Role of Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediators in Colorectal Cancer-Associated Inflammation: Implications for Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12082060. [PMID: 32722560 PMCID: PMC7463689 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12082060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a recognized hallmark of cancer that contributes to the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Anti-inflammatory drugs currently used for the treatment of CRC show many adverse side effects that prompted researchers to propose the polyunsaturated fatty acids-derived specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) as promoters of resolution of cancer-associated inflammation. SPMs were found to inhibit the CRC-associated pro-inflammatory milieu via specific G-coupled protein receptors, although clinical data are still lacking. This review aims to summarize the state-of-the-art in this field, ultimately providing insights for the development of innovative anti-CRC therapies that promote the endogenous lipid-mediated resolution of CRC-associated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Ungaro
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvia D’Alessio
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvio Danese
- IBD Center, Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Immunopathology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy; (S.D.); (S.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
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10
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Negri M, Gentile A, de Angelis C, Montò T, Patalano R, Colao A, Pivonello R, Pivonello C. Vitamin D-Induced Molecular Mechanisms to Potentiate Cancer Therapy and to Reverse Drug-Resistance in Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061798. [PMID: 32560347 PMCID: PMC7353389 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing interest in studying the role of vitamin D in cancer has been provided by the scientific literature during the last years, although mixed results have been reported. Vitamin D deficiency has been largely associated with various types of solid and non-solid human cancers, and the almost ubiquitous expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) has always led to suppose a crucial role of vitamin D in cancer. However, the association between vitamin D levels and the risk of solid cancers, such as colorectal, prostate and breast cancer, shows several conflicting results that raise questions about the use of vitamin D supplements in cancer patients. Moreover, studies on vitamin D supplementation do not always show improvements in tumor progression and mortality risk, particularly for prostate and breast cancer. Conversely, several molecular studies are in agreement about the role of vitamin D in inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, growth and invasiveness, cell cycle arrest and inflammatory signaling, through which vitamin D may also regulate cancer microenvironment through the activation of different molecular pathways. More recently, a role in the regulation of cancer stem cells proliferation and short non-coding microRNA (miRNAs) expression has emerged, conferring to vitamin D a more crucial role in cancer development and progression. Interestingly, it has been shown that vitamin D is able not only to potentiate the effects of traditional cancer therapy but can even contribute to overcome the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance—often triggering tumor-spreading. At this regard, vitamin D can act at various levels through the regulation of growth of cancer stem cells and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), as well as through the modulation of miRNA gene expression. The current review reconsiders epidemiological and molecular literature concerning the role of vitamin D in cancer risk and tumor development and progression, as well as the action of vitamin D supplementation in potentiating the effects of drug therapy and overcoming the mechanisms of resistance often triggered during cancer therapies, by critically addressing strengths and weaknesses of available data from 2010 to 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarosaria Negri
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Annalisa Gentile
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Cristina de Angelis
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Tatiana Montò
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Roberta Patalano
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
- Unesco Chair for Health Education and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosario Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
| | - Claudia Pivonello
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Federico II di Napoli, 80131 Naples, Italy; (M.N.); (A.G.); (C.d.A.); (T.M.); (R.P.); (A.C.); (R.P.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Zhou X, Chen C, Zhong YN, Zhao F, Hao Z, Xu Y, Lai R, Shen G, Yin X. Effect and mechanism of vitamin D on the development of colorectal cancer based on intestinal flora disorder. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1023-1031. [PMID: 31788852 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the correlation between the level of circulating vitamin D and the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) and to clarify the effect and mechanism of vitamin D on the development of CRC. METHODS Serum samples from 63 patients with CRC (CRC group) and 61 healthy volunteers (normal group) were collected. Azoxymethane + dextran sodium sulfate-induced CRC mouse model and dietary models with different doses of vitamin D were established to verify whether vitamin D supplementation could reverse the occurrence and development of CRC at the overall animal level. Intestinal barrier integrity and microbial defense response were evaluated by detection of intestinal flora and expression of related genes. RESULTS In the clinical serum samples, compared with the normal group, the level of 25 (OH) D3 in the CRC group was relatively low (P < 0.01), which was consistent with the clinical situation in mice. Vitamin D deficiency aggravated the deterioration of enteritis and intestinal cancer in CRC mice, whereas the overall condition of CRC mice improved after vitamin D supplementation. Vitamin D has a significant regulatory effect on the homeostasis of the intestinal flora, particularly in the regulation of intestinal probiotics, Akkermansia muciniphila-mediated colon barrier integrity. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D deficiency is closely related to the high incidence of CRC, and vitamin D supplementation can inhibit the occurrence and development of CRC. Vitamin D plays a role in the reversal of CRC mainly through the regulation of intestinal flora, especially the regulation of A. muciniphila-mediated colon barrier integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyan Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Chunxia Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ya' Nan Zhong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Zhixiang Hao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yinxue Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Ran Lai
- Department of pharmacy, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Guifang Shen
- Health Screening Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxing Yin
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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12
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Switching to a Healthy Diet Prevents the Detrimental Effects of Western Diet in a Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Model. Nutrients 2019; 12:nu12010045. [PMID: 31877961 PMCID: PMC7019913 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease increases the odds of developing colitis-associated cancer. We hypothesized that Western-style diet (WD) aggravates azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS)-induced colitis-associated tumorigenesis and that switching to the standard AIN93G diet will ameliorate disease symptoms even after cancer initiation. Female BALB/c mice received either WD (WD group) or standard AIN93G diet (AIN group) for the whole experimental period. After five weeks, the mice received 12.5 mg/kg AOM intraperitoneally, followed by three DSS cycles. In one group of mice, the WD was switched to AIN93G the day before starting the first DSS cycle (WD/AIN group). Feeding the WD during the whole experimental period aggravated colitis symptoms, shortened the colon (p < 0.05), changed microbiota composition and increased tumor promotion. On molecular level, the WD reduced proliferation (p < 0.05) and increased expression of the vitamin D catabolizing enzyme Cyp24a1 (p < 0.001). The switch to the AIN93G diet ameliorated this effect, reflected by longer colons, fewer (p < 0.05) and smaller (p < 0.01) aberrant colonic crypt foci, comparable with the AIN group. Our results show that switching to a healthy diet, even after cancer initiation is able to revert the deleterious effect of the WD and could be an effective preventive strategy to reduce colitis symptoms and prevent tumorigenesis.
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13
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Hosseinzadeh P, Javanbakht M, Alemrajabi M, Gholami A, Amirkalali B, Sohrabi M, Zamani F. The Association of Dietary Intake of Calcium and Vitamin D to Colorectal Cancer Risk among Iranian Population. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2019; 20:2825-2830. [PMID: 31554383 PMCID: PMC6976838 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2019.20.9.2825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Vitamin D and Calcium have a possible protective impact versus rectal neoplasm. Vitamin D, an important nutrient, is vital to regulate the absorption of calcium and bone mineralization; nevertheless, in a case-control study in Iran, we investigated the relationship among the dietary intake of vitamin D and calcium with the hazard of rectal neoplasm. Methods: 363 subjects (162 cases and 201 controls) participated in the case- control Study from March 2017 to November 2018. Dietary intake of Calcium and Vitamin D was calculated using a 148-items food-frequency questionnaire. Results: Since altering the strong confounding agents, the multivariate risk proportion within the dietary vitamin D intake was OR=0.2, 95%CI 0.1-0.5, P-value <0.001 among cases. There was no association in case of calcium and rectal cancer. Conclusions: Taken together, a possible reduction in the hazard of rectal neoplasm with dietary intake of Vitamin D within Iranian patients was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payam Hosseinzadeh
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Javanbakht
- Nephrology and Urology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Alemrajabi
- Firoozgar Hospital, FCRDC, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Gholami
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Bahare Amirkalali
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Masoudreza Sohrabi
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farhad Zamani
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center (GILDRC), Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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14
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Gao Y, Um CY, Fedirko V, Rutherford RE, Seabrook ME, Barry EL, Baron JA, Bostick RM. Effects of supplemental vitamin D and calcium on markers of proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in the normal colorectal mucosa of colorectal adenoma patients. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208762. [PMID: 30557404 PMCID: PMC6296527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
To clarify the roles of vitamin D and calcium as potential chemopreventive agents against colorectal cancer in humans, and to develop “treatable”, pre-neoplastic, phenotypic biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms, we estimated the effects of supplemental vitamin D3 (1,000 IU/day [25 μg/day]) and calcium (1,200 mg/day), alone and in combination, on biomarkers of proliferation (mib-1), differentiation (p21), and apoptosis (bax [apoptosis-promoting] and bcl-2 [apoptosis-inhibiting]), in the normal-appearing rectal mucosa in a subsample of participants (n = 104) in a larger randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial among colorectal adenoma patients. The biomarkers were measured in rectal biopsies at baseline and after one year of follow up, using automated immunohistochemistry and quantitative image analysis. In the vitamin D plus calcium group relative to control, in the crypt differentiation zone (upper 40% of crypts), mib-1 expression decreased 24% (P = 0.28); p21 expression alone and relative to mib-1 expression increased 29% (P = 0.06) and 73% (P = 0.06), respectively; and bax expression relative to mib-1 expression increased 58% (P = 0.21). The estimated vitamin D alone treatment effects were similar but of lesser magnitudes, and those for calcium alone were mixed. All estimated treatment effects on bcl-2 expression were close to the null. These pilot study results support further investigation of whether 1) vitamin D and calcium promote colorectal epithelial cell differentiation, reduce proliferation, and promote apoptosis in the normal-appearing human colorectal mucosa, 2) vitamin D and calcium act as chemopreventive agents against colorectal neoplasms, and 3) mib-1, p21, and bax are potential “treatable”, pre-neoplastic, biomarkers of risk for colorectal neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasheen Gao
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Caroline Y. Um
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Robin E. Rutherford
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Georgia, United States of America
| | - March E. Seabrook
- Consultants in Gastroenterology, West Columbia, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth L. Barry
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
| | - John A. Baron
- Department of Epidemiology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, United States of America
- University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Roberd M. Bostick
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Li J, Frederick AM, Jin Y, Guo C, Xiao H, Wood RJ, Liu Z. The Prevention of a High Dose of Vitamin D or Its Combination with Sulforaphane on Intestinal Inflammation and Tumorigenesis in
Apc
1638N
Mice Fed a High‐Fat Diet. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 63:e1800824. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201800824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Revised: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Li
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Armina‐Lyn M. Frederick
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Yu Jin
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
- Department of Gastroenterology Shengjing Hospital China Medical University Shenyang Liaoning 110004 China
| | - Chi Guo
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
- Department of Molecular Medicine Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410006 China
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Richard J. Wood
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- Department of Nutrition School of Public Health and Health Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01002 USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University Boston MA 02153 USA
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16
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Barbáchano A, Fernández-Barral A, Ferrer-Mayorga G, Costales-Carrera A, Larriba MJ, Muñoz A. The endocrine vitamin D system in the gut. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:79-87. [PMID: 27913273 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.11.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The active vitamin D metabolite 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) has important regulatory actions in the gut through endocrine and probably also intracrine, autocrine and paracrine mechanisms. By activating the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which is expressed at a high level in the small intestine and colon, 1,25(OH)2D3 regulates numerous genes that control gut physiology and homeostasis. 1,25(OH)2D3 is a major responsible for epithelial barrier function and calcium and phosphate absorption, and the host's defense against pathogens and the inflammatory response by several types of secretory and immune cells. Moreover, recent data suggest that 1,25(OH)2D3 has a regulatory effect on the gut microbiota and stromal fibroblasts. Many studies have linked vitamin D deficiency to inflammatory bowel diseases (ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease) and to an increased risk of colorectal cancer, and the possible use of VDR agonists to prevent or treat these diseases is receiving increasing interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Barbáchano
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Asunción Fernández-Barral
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Gemma Ferrer-Mayorga
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Costales-Carrera
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Larriba
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Muñoz
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols", Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28029 Madrid, Spain.
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17
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Dimitrov V, White JH. Vitamin D signaling in intestinal innate immunity and homeostasis. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 453:68-78. [PMID: 28412519 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The lumen of the gut hosts a plethora of microorganisms that participate in food assimilation, inactivation of harmful particles and in vitamin synthesis. On the other hand, enteric flora, a number of food antigens, and toxins are capable of triggering immune responses causing inflammation, which, when unresolved, may lead to chronic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). It is important, therefore, to contain the gut bacteria within the lumen, control microbial load and composition, as well as ensure adequate innate and adaptive immune responses to pathogenic threats. There is growing evidence that vitamin D signaling has impacts on all these aspects of intestinal physiology, contributing to healthy enteric homeostasis. VD was first discovered as the curative agent for nutritional rickets, and its classical actions are associated with calcium absorption and bone health. However, vitamin D exhibits a number of extra-skeletal effects, particularly in innate immunity. Notably, it stimulates production of pattern recognition receptors, anti-microbial peptides, and cytokines, which are at the forefront of innate immune responses. They play a role in sensing the microbiota, in preventing excessive bacterial overgrowth, and complement the actions of vitamin D signaling in enhancing intestinal barrier function. Vitamin D also favours tolerogenic rather than inflammogenic T cell differentiation and function. Compromised innate immune function and overactive adaptive immunity, as well as defective intestinal barrier function, have been associated with IBD. Importantly, observational and intervention studies support a beneficial role of vitamin D supplementation in patients with Crohn's disease, a form of IBD. This review summarizes the effects of vitamin D signaling on barrier integrity and innate and adaptive immunity in the gut, as well as on microbial load and composition. Collectively, studies to date reveal that vitamin D signaling has widespread effects on gut homeostasis, and provide a mechanistic basis for potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin D supplementation in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassil Dimitrov
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John H White
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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18
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Abstract
Vitamin D3 is beneficial in ameliorating or preventing inflammation and carcinogenesis. Here, we evaluated if vitamin D3 has a preventive effect on colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Administration of azoxymethane (AOM), followed with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS), was used to simulate colitis-associated colon cancer in mice. The supplement of vitamin D3 at different dosages (15, 30, 60 IU·g·w), started before AOM or immediately after DSS treatment (post 60), was sustained to the end of the experiment. Dietary vitamin D3 significantly reduced the number of tumors and tumor burden in a dose-dependent manner. Of note, vitamin D3 in high doses showed significant preventive effects on carcinogenesis regardless of administration before or after AOM-DSS treatment. Cell proliferation decreased in vitamin D3 groups compared with the control group after inhibition of expression of β-catenin and its downstream target gene cyclin D1 in the colon. In vitro, vitamin D3 reduced the transcriptional activity and nuclear level of β-catenin, and it also increased E-cadherin expression and its binding affinity for β-catenin. Moreover, repression of E-cadherin was rescued by supplemental vitamin D3 in mouse colons. Taken together, our results indicate that vitamin D3 effectively suppressed colonic carcinogenesis in the AOM-DSS mouse model. Our findings further suggest that upregulation of E-cadherin contributes to the preventive effect of vitamin D3 on β-catenin activity.
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19
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Dooley J, Lagou V, Heirman N, Dresselaers T, Himmelreich U, Liston A. Murine Pancreatic Acinar Cell Carcinoma Growth Kinetics Are Independent of Dietary Vitamin D Deficiency or Supplementation. Front Oncol 2017; 7:133. [PMID: 28702373 PMCID: PMC5488083 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2017.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy in pancreatic cancer, yet evidence for an effect of dietary vitamin D on pancreatic cancer is ambiguous, with conflicting data from human epidemiological and intervention studies. Here, we tested the role of dietary vitamin D in the in vivo context of the well-characterized Ela1-TAg transgenic mouse model of pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma. Through longitudinal magnetic resonance imaging of mice under conditions of either dietary vitamin D deficiency (<5 IU/kg vitamin D) or excess (76,500 IU/kg vitamin D), compared to control diet (1,500 IU/kg vitamin D), we measured the effect of variation of dietary vitamin D on tumor kinetics. No measurable impact of dietary vitamin D was found on pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma development, growth or mortality, casting further doubt on the already equivocal data supporting potential therapeutic use in humans. The lack of any detectable effect of vitamin D, within the physiological range of dietary deficiency or supplementation, in this model further erodes confidence in vitamin D as an effective antitumor therapeutic in pancreatic acinar cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Dooley
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Lagou
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Heirman
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Tom Dresselaers
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Uwe Himmelreich
- Department of Imaging and Pathology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Adrian Liston
- Translational Immunology Laboratory, VIB, Leuven, Belgium.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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20
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Abstract
In many cells throughout the body, vitamin D is converted into its active form calcitriol and binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR), which functions as a transcription factor to regulate various biological processes including cellular differentiation and immune response. Vitamin D-metabolising enzymes (including CYP24A1 and CYP27B1) and VDR play major roles in exerting and regulating the effects of vitamin D. Preclinical and epidemiological studies have provided evidence for anti-cancer effects of vitamin D (particularly against colorectal cancer), although clinical trials have yet to prove its benefit. In addition, molecular pathological epidemiology research can provide insights into the interaction of vitamin D with tumour molecular and immunity status. Other future research directions include genome-wide research on VDR transcriptional targets, gene-environment interaction analyses and clinical trials on vitamin D efficacy in colorectal cancer patients. In this study, we review the literature on vitamin D and colorectal cancer from both mechanistic and population studies and discuss the links and controversies within and between the two parts of evidence.
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21
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Mohamed AM, Refaat BA, El-Shemi AG, Kensara OA, Ahmad J, Idris S. Thymoquinone potentiates chemoprotective effect of Vitamin D3 against colon cancer: a pre-clinical finding. Am J Transl Res 2017; 9:774-790. [PMID: 28337306 PMCID: PMC5340713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prevention of colon cancer among high-risk group has been long lasting research goal. Emerging data have evidenced the anticancer activities of Vitamin D3 (Vit.D) and Thymoquinone (TQ). The aim of the current study was to evaluate the synergistic potential of Thymoquinone and Vitamin D3 in the control of colon cancer progression using azoxymethane-induced rat model. Vit.D and TQ were given individually or in combination 4 week prior to induction and continued for a total of 20 week. At the end of the study, all animals were euthanized and their resected colons were examined macroscopically and microscopically for tumor growth. Colonic tissue preparations were used for measuring gene expression and/or protein levels of selected pro and anti-tumor biomarkers using quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA and immunohistochemistry. Compared with their individual supplementation, combined Vit.D/TQ showed prominent anti-tumor effect manifested by significant reduction (P < 0.05) of the numbers of grown tumors and large aberrant crypts foci. Mechanistically, gene expression and/or protein quantification studies revealed that combined Vit.D/TQ supplementation induced significant reduction (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05) of pro-cancerous molecules (Wnt, β-catenin, NF-κB, COX-2, iNOS, VEGF and HSP-90) as well as significant increase (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) of anti-tumorigenesis biomarkers (DKK-1, CDNK-1A, TGF-β1, TGF-β/RII and smad4) as compared to un-supplemented or individually supplemented groups, respectively. In conclusion, TQ augmented the chemopreventive effect of Vit.D during the initiation phase of colon cancer in rat model, with the potential to suppress progression of pre-neoplastic lesions in colon carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr M Mohamed
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
| | - Bassem A Refaat
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel G El-Shemi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut UniversityAssiut, Egypt
| | - Osama A Kensara
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakir Idris
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura UniversityMakkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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22
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Diet-derived 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 activates vitamin D receptor target gene expression and suppresses EGFR mutant non-small cell lung cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Oncotarget 2016; 7:995-1013. [PMID: 26654942 PMCID: PMC4808047 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies implicate vitamin D status as a factor that influences growth of EGFR mutant lung cancers. However, laboratory based evidence of the biological effect of vitamin D in this disease is lacking. To fill this knowledge gap, we determined vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression in human lung tumors using a tissue microarray constructed of lung cancer cases from never-smokers (where EGFR gene mutations are prevalent). Nuclear VDR was detected in 19/19 EGFR mutant tumors. Expression tended to be higher in tumors with EGFR exon 19 deletions than those with EGFR L858R mutations. To study anti-proliferative activity and signaling, EGFR mutant lung cancer cells were treated with the circulating metabolite of vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25D3). 25D3 inhibited clonogenic growth in a dose-dependent manner. CYP27B1 encodes the 1α-hydroxylase (1αOHase) that converts 25D3 to the active metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3). Studies employing VDR siRNA, CYP27B1 zinc finger nucleases, and pharmacologic inhibitors of the vitamin D pathway indicate that 25D3 regulates gene expression in a VDR-dependent manner but does not strictly require 1αOHase-mediated conversion of 25D3 to 1,25D3. To determine the effects of modulating serum 25D3 levels on growth of EGFR mutant lung tumor xenografts, mice were fed diets containing 100 or 10,000 IU vitamin D3/kg. High dietary vitamin D3 intake resulted in elevated serum 25D3 and significant inhibition of tumor growth. No toxic effects of supplementation were observed. These results identify EGFR mutant lung cancer as a vitamin D-responsive disease and diet-derived 25D3 as a direct VDR agonist and therapeutic agent.
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23
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Aggarwal A, Kállay E. Cross Talk between the Calcium-Sensing Receptor and the Vitamin D System in Prevention of Cancer. Front Physiol 2016; 7:451. [PMID: 27803671 PMCID: PMC5067519 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is epidemiological evidence for the cancer preventive effect of dietary calcium (Ca2+) and vitamin D. This effect is strongest in colorectal cancer (CRC). The active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D3), bound to its receptor, the vitamin D receptor (VDR) regulates the expression of hundreds of different genes in a cell- and tissue-specific manner. While Ca2+ acts through multiple mechanisms and pathways, some of its effects are mediated by the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). The joint action of Ca2+ and 1,25D3 is due to the fact that both regulate some of the main processes involved in the development of various cancers, such as proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, migration, and inflammation. Moreover, 1,25D3, bound to VDR can induce translation of the CaSR, while the amount and activity of the CaSR affects 1,25D3 signaling. However, the complexity of the cross-talk between the CaSR and the vitamin D system goes beyond regulating similar pathways and affecting each other's expression. Our aim was to review some of the mechanisms that drive the cross-talk between the vitamin D system and the CaSR with a special focus on the interaction in CRC cells. We evaluated the molecular evidence that supports the epidemiological observation that both vitamin D and calcium are needed for protection against malignant transformation of the colon and that their effect is modulated by the presence of a functional CaSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of ViennaVienna, Austria; Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Stanford UniversityStanford, CA, USA
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna Vienna, Austria
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24
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p53 directly activates cystatin D/CST5 to mediate mesenchymal-epithelial transition: a possible link to tumor suppression by vitamin D3. Oncotarget 2016; 6:15842-56. [PMID: 26158294 PMCID: PMC4599241 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystatin D (CST5) encodes an inhibitor of cysteine proteases of the cathepsin family and is directly induced by the vitamin D receptor (VDR). Interestingly, vitamin D3 exerts tumor suppressive effects in a variety of tumor types. In colorectal cancer (CRC) cells CST5 was shown to mediate mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Interestingly, vitamin D3 was shown to exert tumor suppressive effects in a variety of tumor types, including colorectal cancer (CRC). We recently performed an integrated genomic and proteomic screen to identify targets of the p53 tumor suppressor in CRC cells. Thereby, we identified CST5 as a putative p53 target gene. Here, we validated and characterized CST5 as a direct p53 target gene. After activation of a conditional p53 allele, CST5 was upregulated on mRNA and protein levels. Treatment with nutlin-3a or etoposide induced CST5 in a p53-dependent manner. These regulations were direct, since ectopic and endogenous p53 occupied a conserved binding site in the CST5 promoter region. In addition, treatment with calcitriol, the active vitamin D3 metabolite, and simultaneous activation of p53 resulted in enhanced CST5 induction and increased repression of SNAIL, an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) inducing transcription factor. Furthermore, CST5 inactivation decreased p53-induced mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) as evidenced by decreased inhibition of SNAIL and of migration by p53. Furthermore, CST5 expression was directly repressed by SNAIL. In summary, these results imply CST5 as an important mediator of tumor suppression by p53 in colorectal cancer. In addition, they suggest that a combined treatment activating p53 and the vitamin D3 pathway may function via induction of CST5.
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Meeker S, Seamons A, Maggio-Price L, Paik J. Protective links between vitamin D, inflammatory bowel disease and colon cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:933-48. [PMID: 26811638 PMCID: PMC4716046 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i3.933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with a wide range of diseases and multiple forms of cancer including breast, colon, and prostate cancers. Relatively recent work has demonstrated vitamin D to be critical in immune function and therefore important in inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Because vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency is increasingly prevalent around the world, with an estimated 30%-50% of children and adults at risk for vitamin D deficiency worldwide, it could have a significant impact on IBD. Epidemiologic studies suggest that low serum vitamin D levels are a risk factor for IBD and colon cancer, and vitamin D supplementation is associated with decreased colitis disease activity and/or alleviated symptoms. Patients diagnosed with IBD have a higher incidence of colorectal cancer than the general population, which supports the notion that inflammation plays a key role in cancer development and underscores the importance of understanding how vitamin D influences inflammation and its cancer-promoting effects. In addition to human epidemiological data, studies utilizing mouse models of colitis have shown that vitamin D is beneficial in preventing or ameliorating inflammation and clinical disease. The precise role of vitamin D on colitis is unknown; however, vitamin D regulates immune cell trafficking and differentiation, gut barrier function and antimicrobial peptide synthesis, all of which may be protective from IBD and colon cancer. Here we focus on effects of vitamin D on inflammation and inflammation-associated colon cancer and discuss the potential use of vitamin D for protection and treatment of IBD and colon cancer.
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Höbaus J, Tennakoon S, Heffeter P, Groeschel C, Aggarwal A, Hummel DM, Thiem U, Marculescu R, Berger W, Kállay E. Impact of CYP24A1 overexpression on growth of colorectal tumour xenografts in mice fed with vitamin D and soy. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:440-50. [PMID: 26238339 PMCID: PMC4832261 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25-D3) catabolizing enzyme, 1,25-dihydoxyvitamin D 24 hydroxylase (CYP24A1) was overexpressed in colorectal tumours and its level correlated with increased proliferation. We hypothesised that cells overexpressing CYP24A1 have growth advantage and a diet rich in vitamin D and soy would restore sensitivity to the anti-tumourigenic effects of vitamin D. Soy contains genistein, a natural CYP24A1 inhibitor. To determine causality between CYP24A1 and tumour growth, we established xenografts in male SCID mice with HT29 cells stably overexpressing either GFP-tagged CYP24A1 or GFP. Mice were fed with either high (2500 IU D3/kg) or low vitamin D (100 IU D3/kg) diet in the presence or absence of soy (20% diet). In vitro, cells overexpressing CYP24A1 grew faster than controls. 1,25-D3, the active vitamin D metabolite, reduced cell number only in the presence of the CYP24A1 inhibitor VID400. Regardless of the amount of vitamin D in the diet, xenografts overexpressing CYP24A1 grew faster, were heavier and more aggressive. Soy reduced tumour volume only in the control xenografts, while the tumours overexpressing CYP24A1 were larger in the presence of dietary soy. In conclusion, we demonstrate that CYP24A1 overexpression results in increased aggressiveness and proliferative potential of colorectal tumours. Irrespective of the dietary vitamin D3, dietary soy is able to increase tumour volume when tumours overexpress CYP24A1, suggesting that combination of vitamin D3 and soy could have an anti-tumourigenic effect only if CYP24A1 levels are normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine IInstitute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Research Platform ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’ViennaAustria
| | - Charlotte Groeschel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Present address: Department of Pediatrics/Endocrinology, Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA
| | - Doris M. Hummel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Ursula Thiem
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Department of Medicine IIIMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Rodrig Marculescu
- Department of Laboratory MedicineMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine IInstitute of Cancer Research and Comprehensive Cancer Center of the Medical University, Medical University ViennaViennaAustria
- Research Platform ‘Translational Cancer Therapy Research’ViennaAustria
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy ResearchMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
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Aggarwal A, Höbaus J, Tennakoon S, Prinz-Wohlgenannt M, Graça J, Price SA, Heffeter P, Berger W, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Kállay E. Active vitamin D potentiates the anti-neoplastic effects of calcium in the colon: A cross talk through the calcium-sensing receptor. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2016; 155:231-8. [PMID: 25758239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2015.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest an inverse correlation between dietary calcium (Ca(2+)) and vitamin D intake and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). It has been shown in vitro that the active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3) can upregulate expression of the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR). In the colon, CaSR has been suggested to regulate proliferation of colonocytes. However, during tumorigenesis colonic CaSR expression is downregulated and we hypothesized that the loss of CaSR could influence the anti-tumorigenic effects of Ca(2+) and vitamin D. Our aim was to assess the impact of CaSR expression and function on the anti-neoplastic effects of 1,25-D3 in colon cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that in the healthy colon of mice, high vitamin D diet (2500 IU/kg diet) increased expression of differentiation and apoptosis markers, decreased expression of proliferation markers and significantly upregulated CaSR mRNA expression, compared with low vitamin D diet (100 IU/kg diet). To determine the role of CaSR in this process, we transfected Caco2-15 and HT29 CRC cells with wild type CaSR (CaSR-WT) or a dominant negative CaSR mutant (CaSR-DN) and treated them with 1,25-D3 alone, or in combination with CaSR activators (Ca(2+) and NPS R-568). 1,25-D3 enhanced the anti-proliferative effects of Ca(2+) and induced differentiation and apoptosis only in cells with a functional CaSR, which were further enhanced in the presence of NPS R-568, a positive allosteric modulator of CaSR. The mutant CaSR inhibited the anti-tumorigenic effects of 1,25-D3 suggesting that the anti-neoplastic effects of 1,25-D3 are, at least in part, mediated by the CaSR. Taken together, our data provides molecular evidence to support the epidemiological observation that both, vitamin D and calcium are needed for protection against malignant transformation of the colon and that their effect is modulated by the presence of a functional CaSR. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '17th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adenocarcinoma/prevention & control
- Aniline Compounds/pharmacology
- Animals
- Caco-2 Cells
- Calcium/metabolism
- Calcium/pharmacology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/genetics
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Colon/drug effects
- Colon/metabolism
- Colon/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/genetics
- Colonic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Colonic Neoplasms/pathology
- Colonic Neoplasms/prevention & control
- Dietary Supplements
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- HT29 Cells
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Mutation
- Phenethylamines
- Propylamines
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Calcium-Sensing
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Transfection
- Vitamin D/analogs & derivatives
- Vitamin D/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Höbaus
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - João Graça
- Safety Assessment, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | | | - Petra Heffeter
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', Vienna, Austria
| | - Walter Berger
- Department of Medicine I, Institute of Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Research Platform 'Translational Cancer Therapy Research', Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Deschasaux M, Souberbielle JC, Latino-Martel P, Sutton A, Charnaux N, Druesne-Pecollo N, Galan P, Hercberg S, Le Clerc S, Kesse-Guyot E, Ezzedine K, Touvier M. Prospective associations between vitamin D status, vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms, and risk of tobacco-related cancers. Am J Clin Nutr 2015; 102:1207-15. [PMID: 26447153 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.110510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Experimental evidence has suggested that vitamin D may be protective against tobacco-related cancers through the inhibition of the formation of tumors induced by tobacco carcinogens. To our knowledge, only one previous epidemiologic study investigated the association between vitamin D status and tobacco-related cancer risk, and no study has focused on vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to prospectively study the association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations, vitamin D-related gene polymorphisms, and risk of tobacco-related cancers. DESIGN A total of 209 tobacco-related cancers were diagnosed within the SU.VI.MAX (Supplémentation en vitamines et minéraux antioxydants) cohort (1994-2007) and were matched with 418 controls as part of a nested case-control study. Tobacco-related cancers (i.e., cancers for which tobacco is one of the risk factors) included several sites in the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary systems. Total plasma 25(OH)D was assessed with the use of an electrochemoluminescent assay. Polymorphisms were determined with the use of a TaqMan assay. Conditional logistic regression models were computed. RESULTS A 25(OH)D concentration ≥30 ng/mL was associated with reduced risk of tobacco-related cancers (OR for ≥30 compared with <30 ng/mL: 0.59; 95% CI 0.35, 0.99; P = 0.046). This association was observed in former and current smokers (OR for ≥30 compared with <30 ng/mL: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.84; P = 0.01) but not in never smokers (P = 0.8). The vitamin D receptor (VDR) FokI AA genotype and retinoid X receptor (RXR) rs7861779 TT genotype were associated with increased risk of tobacco-related cancers [OR for homozygous mutant type (MT) compared with wild type (WT): 1.87; 95% CI: 1.08, 3.23; P-trend = 0.02; OR for heterozygous type (HT) plus MT compared with WT: 1.60; 95% CI: 1.07, 2.38; P = 0.02]. CONCLUSIONS In this prospective study, high vitamin D status [25(OH)D concentration ≥30 ng/mL] was associated with decreased risk of tobacco-related cancers, especially in smokers. These results, which are supported by mechanistic plausibility, suggest that vitamin D may contribute to the prevention of tobacco-induced cancers in smokers and deserve additional investigation. The SU.VI.MAX trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00272428.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Deschasaux
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France;
| | | | - Paule Latino-Martel
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
| | - Angela Sutton
- Biochemistry Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Inserm U698, Paris 13 University, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Charnaux
- Biochemistry Department, Jean Verdier Hospital, Inserm U698, Paris 13 University, Bondy, France
| | - Nathalie Druesne-Pecollo
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
| | - Serge Hercberg
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France; Public Health Department, Avicenne Hospital, Bobigny, France
| | - Sigrid Le Clerc
- CNAM, Genomics, Bioinformatics and Applications Team (EA4627), Paris, France; and
| | - Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
| | - Khaled Ezzedine
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France; Dermatology Department, Saint André Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Mathilde Touvier
- Paris 13 University, Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team, French National Institute of Health and Medical Research (Inserm) U1153, French National Institute for Agricultural Research (Inra) U1125, French National Conservatory of Arts and Crafts (CNAM), Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Bobigny, France
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29
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Mazzilli SA, Hershberger PA, Reid ME, Bogner PN, Atwood K, Trump DL, Johnson CS. Vitamin D Repletion Reduces the Progression of Premalignant Squamous Lesions in the NTCU Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma Mouse Model. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:895-904. [PMID: 26276745 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The chemopreventive actions of vitamin D were examined in the N-nitroso-tris-chloroethylurea (NTCU) mouse model, a progressive model of lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). SWR/J mice were fed a deficient diet (D) containing no vitamin D3, a sufficient diet (S) containing 2,000 IU/kg vitamin D3, or the same diets in combination with the active metabolite of vitamin D, calcitriol (C; 80 μg/kg, weekly). The percentage (%) of the mucosal surface of large airways occupied by dysplastic lesions was determined in mice after treatment with a total dose of 15 or 25 μmol NTCU (N). After treatment with 15 μmol NTCU, the percentages of the surface of large airways containing high-grade dysplastic (HGD) lesions were vitamin D-deficient + NTCU (DN), 22.7% [P < 0.05 compared with vitamin D-sufficient +NTCU (SN)]; DN + C, 12.3%; SN, 8.7%; and SN + C, 6.6%. The extent of HGD increased with NTCU dose in the DN group. Proliferation, assessed by Ki-67 labeling, increased upon NTCU treatment. The highest Ki-67 labeling index was seen in the DN group. As compared with SN mice, DN mice exhibited a three-fold increase (P < 0.005) in circulating white blood cells (WBC), a 20% (P < 0.05) increase in IL6 levels, and a four-fold (P < 0.005) increase in WBC in bronchial lavages. Thus, vitamin D repletion reduces the progression of premalignant lesions, proliferation, and inflammation, and may thereby suppress development of lung SCC. Further investigations of the chemopreventive effects of vitamin D in lung SCC are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Mazzilli
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Pamela A Hershberger
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mary E Reid
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Paul N Bogner
- Department of Pathology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kristopher Atwood
- Department of Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo New York
| | | | - Candace S Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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Refaat B, El-Shemi AG, Kensara OA, Mohamed AM, Idris S, Ahmad J, Khojah A. Vitamin D3 enhances the tumouricidal effects of 5-Fluorouracil through multipathway mechanisms in azoxymethane rat model of colon cancer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2015. [PMID: 26205949 PMCID: PMC4513788 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0187-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Vitamin D3 and its analogues have recently been shown to enhance the anti-tumour effects of 5- Fluorouracil (5-FU) both in vitro and in xenograft mouse model of colon cancer. This study measured the potential mechanism(s) by which vitamin D3 could synergise the tumouricidal activities of 5-FU in azoxymethane (AOM) rat model of colon cancer. Methods Seventy-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into 5 groups: Control, AOM, AOM-treated by 5-FU (5-FU), AOM-treated by vitamin D3 (VitD3), and AOM-treated by 5-FU + vitamin D3 (5-FU/D). The study duration was 15 weeks. AOM was injected subcutaneously for 2 weeks (15 mg/kg/week). 5-FU was injected intraperitoneally in the 9th and 10th weeks post AOM (8 total injections were given: 12 mg/kg/day for 4 successive days, then 6 mg/kg every other day for another 4 doses) and oral vitamin D3 (500 IU/rat/day; 3 days/week) was given from week 7 post AOM till the last week of the study. The colons were collected following euthanasia for gross and histopathological examination. The expression of β-catenin, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), TGF-β type 2 receptor (TGF-βR2), smad4, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and heat shock protein-90 (HSP-90) proteins was measured by immunohistochemistry. In colonic tissue homogenates, quantitative RT-PCR was used to measure the mRNA expression of Wnt, β-catenin, Dickkopf-1 (DKK-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) genes, while ELISA was used to measure the concentrations of TGF-β1, HSP-90 and COX-2 proteins. Results Monotherapy with 5-FU or vitamin D3 significantly decreased the number of grown tumours induced by AOM (P < 0.05); however, their combination resulted in more significant tumouricidal effects (P < 0.05) compared with monotherapy groups. Mechanistically, vitamin D3/5-FU co-therapy significantly decreased the expression of Wnt, β-catenin, iNOS, COX-2 and HSP-90 and significantly increased the expression of DKK-1, TGF-β1, TGF-βR2, smad4 (P < 0.05), in comparison with their corresponding monotherapy groups. Conclusions Vitamin D3 and 5-FU synergise together and exhibit better anticancer effects by modulating Wnt/β-catenin pathway, TGF-β1 signals, iNOS, COX-2 and HSP-90. Further studies are required to illustrate the clinical value of vitamin D supplementation during the treatment of colon cancer with 5-FU in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bassem Refaat
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adel Galal El-Shemi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
| | - Osama Adnan Kensara
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Amr Mohamed Mohamed
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. .,Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, 71526, Egypt.
| | - Shakir Idris
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jawwad Ahmad
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Athar Khojah
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Al-Abdeyah, PO Box 7607, Makkah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Gröschel C, Tennakoon S, Kállay E. Cytochrome P450 Vitamin D Hydroxylases in Inflammation and Cancer. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 74:413-58. [PMID: 26233913 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D insufficiency correlates with increased incidence of inflammatory disorders and cancer of the colon, breast, liver, and prostate. Preclinical studies demonstrated that the hormonally active form of vitamin D, 1,25(OH)2D3, has antiproliferative, proapoptotic, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. Tissue levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 are determined by expression and activity of specific vitamin D hydroxylases expressed at renal and extrarenal sites. In order to understand how perturbations in the vitamin D system affect human health, we need to understand the steps involved in the synthesis and catabolism of the active metabolite. This review provides an overview about recent findings on the altered vitamin D metabolism in inflammatory conditions and carcinogenesis. We will summarize existing data on the pathophysiological regulation of vitamin D hydroxylases and outline the role of adequate levels of 1,25(OH)2D3 on tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Gröschel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Samawansha Tennakoon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology & Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel, Vienna, Austria.
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32
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Janmaat VT, Van De Winkel A, Peppelenbosch MP, Spaander MCW, Uitterlinden AG, Pourfarzad F, Tilanus HW, Rygiel AM, Moons LMG, Arp PP, Krishnadath KK, Kuipers EJ, Van Der Laan LJW. Vitamin D Receptor Polymorphisms Are Associated with Reduced Esophageal Vitamin D Receptor Expression and Reduced Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Risk. Mol Med 2015; 21:346-54. [PMID: 25910066 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2012.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies indicate that vitamin D exerts a protective effect on the development of various solid cancers. However, concerns have been raised regarding the potential deleterious role of high vitamin D levels in the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). This study investigated genetic variation in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in relation to its expression and risk of Barrett esophagus (BE) and EAC. VDR gene regulation was investigated by immunohistochemistry, reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and gel shift assays. Fifteen haplotype tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the VDR gene were analyzed in 858 patients with reflux esophagitis (RE), BE or EAC and 202 healthy controls. VDR mRNA expression was higher in BE compared with squamous epithelium. VDR protein was located in the nucleus in BE. An rs1989969T/rs2238135G haplotype was identified in the 5' regulatory region of the VDR gene. It was associated with an approximately two-fold reduced risk of RE, BE and EAC. Analysis of a replication cohort was done for BE that confirmed this. The rs1989969T allele causes a GATA-1 transcription factor binding site to appear. The signaling of GATA-1, which is regarded as a negative transcriptional regulator, could explain the findings for rs1989969. The rs2238135G allele was associated with a significantly reduced VDR expression in BE; for the rs1989969T allele, a trend in reduced VDR expression was observed. We identified a VDR haplotype associated with reduced esophageal VDR expression and a reduced incidence of RE, BE and EAC. This VDR haplotype could be useful in identifying individuals who benefit most from vitamin D chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent T Janmaat
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouk Van De Winkel
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manon C W Spaander
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - André G Uitterlinden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Farzin Pourfarzad
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo W Tilanus
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka M Rygiel
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leon M G Moons
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal P Arp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kausilia K Krishnadath
- Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ernst J Kuipers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Epidemiology and Clinical Chemistry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Luc J W Van Der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Irving AA, Plum LA, Blaser WJ, Ford MR, Weng C, Clipson L, DeLuca HF, Dove WF. Cholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol neither prevents nor treats adenomas in a rat model of familial colon cancer. J Nutr 2015; 145:291-8. [PMID: 25644350 PMCID: PMC4304025 DOI: 10.3945/jn.114.204396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiologic studies in humans have shown associations between greater sunlight exposure, higher serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol [25(OH)D3] concentrations, and reduced colon cancer risk. However, results from a limited number of vitamin D supplementation trials in humans have not shown a protective effect. OBJECTIVE We sought to determine whether adding to the diet increasing amounts of either 25(OH)D3, the stable metabolite measured in serum and associated with cancer risk, or cholecalciferol (vitamin D3), the compound commonly used for supplementation in humans, could reduce emergent adenomas (chemoprevention) or decrease the growth of existing adenomas (treatment) in the colons of vitamin D-sufficient rats carrying a truncation mutation of adenomatous polyposis coli (Apc), a model of early intestinal cancer. METHODS Apc(Pirc/+) rats were supplemented with either vitamin D3 over a range of 4 doses [6-1500 μg/(kg body weight · d)] or with 25(OH)D3 over a range of 6 doses [60-4500 μg/(kg body weight · d)] beginning after weaning. Rats underwent colonoscopy every other week to assess effects on adenoma number and size. At termination (140 d of age), the number of tumors in the small intestine and colon and the size of tumors in the colon were determined, and serum calcium and 25(OH)D3 measurements were obtained. RESULTS At lower doses (those that did not affect body weight), neither of the vitamin D compounds reduced the number of existing or emergent colonic tumors (P-trend > 0.24). By contrast, supplementation at higher doses (those that caused a suppression in body weight gain) with either 25(OH)D3 or vitamin D3 caused a dose-dependent increase in colonic tumor number in both males and females (P-trend < 0.003). CONCLUSIONS No evidence for protection against colon tumor development was seen with lower dose supplementation with either cholecalciferol or 25-hydroxycholecalciferol. Thus, the association between sunlight exposure and the incidence of colon cancer may involve factors other than vitamin D concentrations. Alternative hypotheses warrant investigation. Furthermore, this study provides preliminary evidence for the need for caution regarding vitamin D supplementation of humans at higher doses, especially in individuals with sufficient serum 25(OH)D3 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Irving
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology,,Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center
| | | | | | - Madeline R Ford
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology
| | | | - Linda Clipson
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology
| | | | - William F Dove
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Oncology, Laboratory of Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Hummel DM, Fetahu IS, Gröschel C, Manhardt T, Kállay E. Role of proinflammatory cytokines on expression of vitamin D metabolism and target genes in colon cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt A:91-5. [PMID: 24120915 PMCID: PMC4138205 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) are proinflammatory cytokines that play a critical role in inflammatory bowel disease, as well as in colorectal tumorigenesis. We hypothesize that these cytokines modulate the expression and thus activity of the vitamin D system in colonic epithelial cells. We treated the colon cancer cell line COGA-1A for 6, 12, and 24h with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), IL-6, TNFα, and with combinations of these compounds. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we analyzed mRNA expression of genes activating and catabolizing 1,25-D3 (1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1)), expression of several vitamin D target genes, as well as expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. As expected, treatment with 1,25-D3 resulted in an upregulation of CYP24A1, whereas expression of CYP27B1 was not affected. Treatment with TNFα and IL-6 led to decreased expression of the vitamin D activating enzyme CYP27B1. The strong inflammatory property of TNFα was mirrored by its activation of COX-2 and inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) catabolism. Interestingly, expression of the calcium ion channel TRPV6 was markedly decreased by TNFα. We conclude from these results that the presence of proinflammatory cytokines might impair activation of 1,25-D3, limiting its anti-inflammatory action. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris M Hummel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Irfete S Fetahu
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Charlotte Gröschel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Teresa Manhardt
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Enikő Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
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Hummel D, Aggarwal A, Borka K, Bajna E, Kállay E, Horváth HC. The vitamin D system is deregulated in pancreatic diseases. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2014; 144 Pt B:402-9. [PMID: 25090635 PMCID: PMC4217145 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2014.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 07/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The vitamin D system is deregulated during development and progression of several cancer types. Data on the expression of the vitamin D system in the diseased pancreas are missing. The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the vitamin D receptor (VDR), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1), and the calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR), a vitamin D target gene, in the different regions of the pancreas in patients with chronic pancreatitis (n=6) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDAC) (n=17). We analyzed the expression of these genes at mRNA and protein level with quantitative real-time RT-PCR and immunostaining. mRNA expression of CYP24A1 and VDR was significantly increased in tumors compared with the adjacent non-tumorous tissue (p<0.01), while CaSR mRNA expression decreased. Both the VDR and the CaSR protein were highly expressed in the endocrine compared with the exocrine pancreas. In CP the CYP24A1 expression was highest in the endocrine pancreas, while in PDACs in the transformed ducts. In the PDAC patients CYP24A1 expression in the islets was significantly lower than in CP patients. Our data suggest that during ductal adenocarcinoma development the vitamin D system in the pancreas becomes deregulated on two levels: in the islets CYP24A1 expression decreases weakening the negative feedback regulation of the vitamin D-dependent insulin synthesis/secretion. In the transformed ducts CYP24A1 expression increases, impairing the antiproliferative effect of vitamin D in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Hummel
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Leitstelle 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Abhishek Aggarwal
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Leitstelle 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katalin Borka
- 2nd Department of Pathology, Semmelweis University, Üllői út 93, 1091 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Bajna
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Leitstelle 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Enikö Kállay
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, Leitstelle 3Q, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Henrik Csaba Horváth
- University Clinic of Visceral Surgery and Medicine, Inselspital University Hospital, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Meeker S, Seamons A, Paik J, Treuting PM, Brabb T, Grady WM, Maggio-Price L. Increased dietary vitamin D suppresses MAPK signaling, colitis, and colon cancer. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4398-408. [PMID: 24938764 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-2820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiologic studies associate low serum vitamin D levels with an increased risk of colon cancer and inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). 129-Smad3(tm1Par)/J (Smad3(-/-)) mice are a model of bacteria-driven colitis and colon cancer when infected with Helicobacter bilis (H. bilis). Thus, we used this mouse model to determine whether increased dietary vitamin D would reduce inflammation and colon cancer. Smad3(-/-) mice were fed purified diet with either maintenance (1 IU vitamin D/g diet; maintenance) or increased concentrations of vitamin D (5 IU vitamin D/g diet; high vitamin D). One week after diet initiation, mice were inoculated with broth or H. bilis and were necropsied at several time points postinoculation to assess inflammation, dysplasia, and neoplasia incidence. At 16 weeks postinfection, 11% of mice fed high vitamin D diet had cancer compared with 41% of mice fed maintenance diet (P = 0.0121). Evaluation at an early time point (1 week postinfection) showed that animals fed high vitamin D had decreased MAPK (p-P38 and p-JNK) activation in lamina propria leukocytes as well as decreased NFκB activation in colonic epithelial cells. Reduction in MAPK and NFκB activation correlated with decreased IBD scores (2.7 vs. 15.5; P < 0.0001) as well as decreased inflammatory cell infiltrates and reduced expression of proinflammatory cytokines in cecal tissue. These findings suggest that increased dietary vitamin D is beneficial in preventing inflammation-associated colon cancer through suppression of inflammatory responses during initiation of neoplasia or early-stage carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey Meeker
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Audrey Seamons
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Jisun Paik
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Piper M Treuting
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Thea Brabb
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - William M Grady
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington. Division of Gastroenterology, University of Washington Medical School, Seattle, Washington
| | - Lillian Maggio-Price
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.
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Milczarek M, Filip-Psurska B, Swiętnicki W, Kutner A, Wietrzyk J. Vitamin D analogs combined with 5-fluorouracil in human HT-29 colon cancer treatment. Oncol Rep 2014; 32:491-504. [PMID: 24919507 PMCID: PMC4091879 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the antitumor effect of two synthetic analogs of vitamin D, namely PRI-2191 [(24R)-1,24-dihydroxyvitamin D3] and PRI-2205 (5,6-trans calcipotriol), in combined human colon HT-29 cancer treatment with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Mice bearing HT-29 tumors transplanted subcutaneously or orthotopically were injected with vitamin D analogs and 5-FU in various schedules. A statistically significant inhibition of subcutaneous or orthotopic tumor growth was observed as a result of combined therapy. In HT-29 tumors and in cells from in vitro culture, we observed increased vitamin D receptor (VDR) expression after treatment with either PRI-2205 or 5-FU alone, or in combination. Moreover, PRI-2205 decreased the percentage of cells from intestinal tumors in G2/M and S stages and increased sub-G1. Increased VDR expression was also observed after combined treatment of mice with 5-FU and PRI-2191. Moreover, our docking studies showed that PRI-2205 has stronger affinity for VDR, DBP and CAR/RXR ligand binding domains than PRI-2191. PRI-2191 analog, used with 5-FU, increased the percentage of subcutaneous tumor cells in G0/G1 and decreased the percentage in G2/M, S and sub-G1 populations as compared to 5-FU alone. In in vitro studies, we observed increased expression of p21 and p-ERK1/2 diminution via use of both analogs as compared to use of 5-FU alone. Simultaneously, PRI-2191 antagonizes some pro-apoptotic activities of 5-FU in vitro. However, in spite of these disadvantageous effects in terms of apoptosis, the therapeutic effect expressed as tumor growth retardation by PRI-2191 is significant. Our results suggest that the mechanism of potentiation of 5-FU antitumor action by both analogs is realized via increased p21 expression and decreased p-ERK1/2 level which may lead to diminution of thymidylate synthase expression. Higher binding affinity for VDR, DBP, but also for CAR\RXR ligand binding domain of PRI-2205 may, in part, explain its very low toxicity with sustained anticancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Milczarek
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Beata Filip-Psurska
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Andrzej Kutner
- Pharmaceutical Research Institute, 01-793 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Wietrzyk
- Department of Experimental Oncology, Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Sciences, 53-114 Wroclaw, Poland
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Feldman D, Krishnan AV, Swami S, Giovannucci E, Feldman BJ. The role of vitamin D in reducing cancer risk and progression. Nat Rev Cancer 2014; 14:342-57. [PMID: 24705652 DOI: 10.1038/nrc3691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 870] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D is not really a vitamin but the precursor to the potent steroid hormone calcitriol, which has widespread actions throughout the body. Calcitriol regulates numerous cellular pathways that could have a role in determining cancer risk and prognosis. Although epidemiological and early clinical trials are inconsistent, and randomized control trials in humans do not yet exist to conclusively support a beneficial role for vitamin D, accumulating results from preclinical and some clinical studies strongly suggest that vitamin D deficiency increases the risk of developing cancer and that avoiding deficiency and adding vitamin D supplements might be an economical and safe way to reduce cancer incidence and improve cancer prognosis and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Feldman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Aruna V Krishnan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Srilatha Swami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Departments of Epidemiology and Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Brian J Feldman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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Robinson C, Woo S, Nowak AK, Lake RA. Dietary vitamin D supplementation does not reduce the incidence or severity of asbestos-induced mesothelioma in a mouse model. Nutr Cancer 2014; 66:383-7. [PMID: 24564337 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2013.878733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that vitamin and mineral intake is associated with cancer incidence. A prevention strategy based on diet or dietary supplementation could have enormous benefit, both directly, by preventing disease, and indirectly by alleviating fear in millions of people worldwide who have been exposed to asbestos. We have previously shown that dietary supplementation with the antioxidants vitamins A, E, and selenium does not affect overall survival nor the time to progression of asbestos-induced mesothelioma in MexTAg mice. Here we have extended our analysis to vitamin D. We compared survival of asbestos-exposed MexTAg mice provided with diets that were deficient or supplemented with 4500 IU/kg vitamin D (cholecalciferol). Survival of supplemented mice was significantly shorter than mice given a standard AIN93 diet containing 1000 IU/kg cholecalciferol (median survival was 29 and 32.5 weeks respectively). However, mice deficient in vitamin D had the same rate of mesothelioma development as control mice. Neither the latency time from asbestos exposure to diagnosis nor disease progression after diagnosis were significantly different between mice on these diets. We conclude that vitamin D is unlikely to moderate the incidence of disease in asbestos-exposed populations or to ameliorate the pathology in patients with established mesothelioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleo Robinson
- a National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases , University of Western Australia , QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands , Perth , Australia
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40
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Pibiri F, Kittles RA, Sandler RS, Keku TO, Kupfer SS, Xicola RM, Llor X, Ellis NA. Genetic variation in vitamin D-related genes and risk of colorectal cancer in African Americans. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 25:561-70. [PMID: 24562971 PMCID: PMC3978221 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0361-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 02/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Disparities in both colorectal cancer (CRC) incidence and survival impact African Americans (AAs) more than other US ethnic groups. Because vitamin D is thought to protect against CRC and AAs have lower serum vitamin D levels, genetic variants that modulate the levels of active hormone in the tissues could explain some of the cancer health disparity. Consequently, we hypothesized that genetic variants in vitamin D-related genes are associated with CRC risk. Methods To test this hypothesis, we studied 39 potentially functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in eight genes (CYP2R1, CYP3A4, CYP24A1, CYP27A1, CYP27B1, GC, DHCR7, and VDR) in 961 AA CRC cases and 838 healthy AA controls from Chicago and North Carolina. We tested whether SNPs are associated with CRC incidence using logistic regression models to calculate p values, odds ratios, and 95 % confidence intervals. In the logistic regression, we used a log-additive genetic model and used age, gender, and percent West African ancestry, which we estimated with the program STRUCTURE, as covariates in the models. Results A nominally significant association was detected between CRC and the SNP rs12794714 in the vitamin D 25-hydroxylase gene CYP2R1 (p = 0.019), a SNP that has previously been associated with serum vitamin D levels. Two SNPs, rs16847024 in the GC gene and rs6022990 in the CYP24A1 gene, were nominally associated with left-sided CRC (p = 0.015 and p = 0.018, respectively). Conclusions Our results strongly suggest that genetic variation in vitamin D-related genes could affect CRC susceptibility in AAs.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10552-014-0361-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Pibiri
- Department of Pediatrics and the Institute of Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave. MC 767, Chicago, IL, 60607, USA
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Role of proinflammatory cytokines on expression of vitamin D metabolism and target genes in colon cancer cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2013. [PMID: 24120915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsmb.2013.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) are proinflammatory cytokines that play a critical role in inflammatory bowel disease, as well as in colorectal tumorigenesis. We hypothesize that these cytokines modulate the expression and thus activity of the vitamin D system in colonic epithelial cells. We treated the colon cancer cell line COGA-1A for 6, 12, and 24h with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-D3), IL-6, TNFα, and with combinations of these compounds. Using quantitative RT-PCR, we analyzed mRNA expression of genes activating and catabolizing 1,25-D3 (1α-hydroxylase (CYP27B1), 24-hydroxylase (CYP24A1)), expression of several vitamin D target genes, as well as expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. As expected, treatment with 1,25-D3 resulted in an upregulation of CYP24A1, whereas expression of CYP27B1 was not affected. Treatment with TNFα and IL-6 led to decreased expression of the vitamin D activating enzyme CYP27B1. The strong inflammatory property of TNFα was mirrored by its activation of COX-2 and inhibition of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) catabolism. Interestingly, expression of the calcium ion channel TRPV6 was markedly decreased by TNFα. We conclude from these results that the presence of proinflammatory cytokines might impair activation of 1,25-D3, limiting its anti-inflammatory action. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled '16th Vitamin D Workshop'.
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