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Ulbricht RJ, Rivas CA, Marino H, Snyder E, James D, Makhloufi J, Johnson N, Zimmerman S, Wang J. Sex-specific effect of P2Y 2 purinergic receptor on glucose metabolism during acute inflammation. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1248139. [PMID: 37701898 PMCID: PMC10494456 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1248139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The sex of an animal impacts glucose sensitivity, but little information is available regarding the mechanisms causing that difference, especially during acute inflammation. We examined sex-specific differences in the role of the P2Y2 receptor (P2Y2R) in glucose flux with and without LPS challenge. Male and female wild-type and P2Y2R knockout mice (P2Y2R-/-) were injected with LPS or saline and glucose tolerance tests (GTT) were performed. P2Y2R, insulin receptor, and GLUT4 transporter gene expression was also evaluated. Female mice had reduced fasting plasma glucose and females had reduced glucose excursion times compared to male mice during GTT. P2Y2R-/- males had significantly decreased glucose flux throughout the GTT as compared to all female mice. Acute inflammation reduced fasting plasma glucose and the GTT area under the curve in both sexes. While both wild-type and P2Y2R-/- male animals displayed reduced fasting glucose in LPS treatment, female mice did not have significant difference in glucose tolerance, suggesting that the effects of P2Y2R are specific to male mice, even under inflammatory conditions. Overall, we conclude that the role for the purinergic receptor, P2Y2R, in regulating glucose metabolism is minimal in females but plays a large role in male mice, particularly in the acute inflammatory state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randi J. Ulbricht
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Missouri State University, Springfield, MO, United States
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2
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Wang C, Wang J, Wan R, Yuan T, Yang L, Zhang D, Li X, Wang M, Liu H, Lei Y, Wei H, Li J, Liu M, Hua Y, Sun L, Zhang L. Relationship between baseline and changed serum uric acid and the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a national cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1170792. [PMID: 37483942 PMCID: PMC10357007 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1170792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore the correlation between baseline serum uric acid (SUA) and SUA changes with the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) among middle-aged and older individuals. Method Binary logistic regression was used to calculate the odds ratio (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of the effects of baseline and changes in SUA on the incidence of T2DM. Stratified analysis was conducted based on sex, and the SUA levels were classified into four quartiles to assess the effect of baseline and relative changes in SUA on the incidence of T2DM. Furthermore, interaction analysis was performed between body mass index (BMI) and SUA, age and SUA, and sex and SUA. Results In the cohort study, the highest quartiles of SUA were significantly correlated with an increased incidence of T2DM among females in model 1 [OR = 2.231 (1.631, 3.050)], model 2 [OR = 2.090 (1.523, 2.867)], model 3 [OR = 2.075 (1.511, 2.849)], and model 4 [OR = 1.707 (1.234, 2.362)]. The highest quartiles of SUA had a statistically significant effect on the incidence of T2DM among all participants in model 1 [OR = 1.601 (1.277, 2.008)], model 2 [OR = 1.519 (1.204, 1.915)], model 3 [OR = 1.597 (1.257, 2.027)], and model 4 [OR = 1.380 (1.083, 1.760)]. Regarding the relative change of SUA, the highest quantiles of SUA were significantly correlated with an increased incidence of T2DM among females in model 1 [OR = 1.409 (1.050, 1.890)], model 2 [OR = 1.433 (1.067, 1.926)], and model 3 [OR = 1.420 (1.056, 1.910)], and there was a statistically significant correlation with incident T2DM among all participants in model 4 [OR = 1.346 (1.079, 1.680)] after adjusting for all covariates. However, there was no significant correlation between baseline, relative, and absolute changes in SUA and the incidence of T2DM among males. The interaction analysis demonstrated that sex, BMI, and the relative changes in SUA had a combined effect on the incidence of T2DM, while age and the changes in SUA had a joint effect on the incidence of T2DM only in females. Conclusion There was a positive association between SUA and the incidence of T2DM for all participants. However, significant sex differences in incidence were observed only in women, not men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congzhi Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Jiazhi Wang
- Sports Institute, Chi Zhou College, Education Park, Chi Zhou, China
| | - Rui Wan
- Business School, Yunnan University of Finance and Economics, Kunming, China
| | - Ting Yuan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Dongmei Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiaoping Li
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hainan General Hospital (Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University), Haikou, China
| | - Haiyang Liu
- Student Health Center, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Yunxiao Lei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Huanhuan Wei
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Rehabilitation Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Lu Sun
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, School of Nursing, Wannan Medical College, Higher Education Park, Wuhu, China
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Lamri A, De Paoli M, De Souza R, Werstuck G, Anand S, Pigeyre M. Insight into genetic, biological, and environmental determinants of sexual-dimorphism in type 2 diabetes and glucose-related traits. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:964743. [PMID: 36505380 PMCID: PMC9729955 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.964743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that sex and gender differences play an important role in risk and pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes (T2D). Men develop T2D earlier than women, even though there is more obesity in young women than men. This difference in T2D prevalence is attenuated after the menopause. However, not all women are equally protected against T2D before the menopause, and gestational diabetes represents an important risk factor for future T2D. Biological mechanisms underlying sex and gender differences on T2D physiopathology are not yet fully understood. Sex hormones affect behavior and biological changes, and can have implications on lifestyle; thus, both sex-specific environmental and biological risk factors interact within a complex network to explain the differences in T2D risk and physiopathology in men and women. In addition, lifetime hormone fluctuations and body changes due to reproductive factors are generally more dramatic in women than men (ovarian cycle, pregnancy, and menopause). Progress in genetic studies and rodent models have significantly advanced our understanding of the biological pathways involved in the physiopathology of T2D. However, evidence of the sex-specific effects on genetic factors involved in T2D is still limited, and this gap of knowledge is even more important when investigating sex-specific differences during the life course. In this narrative review, we will focus on the current state of knowledge on the sex-specific effects of genetic factors associated with T2D over a lifetime, as well as the biological effects of these different hormonal stages on T2D risk. We will also discuss how biological insights from rodent models complement the genetic insights into the sex-dimorphism effects on T2D. Finally, we will suggest future directions to cover the knowledge gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amel Lamri
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Monica De Paoli
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Russell De Souza
- Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Geoff Werstuck
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Thrombosis and Atherosclerosis Research Institute (TaARI), Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sonia Anand
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Marie Pigeyre
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada,Population Health Research Institute (PHRI), Hamilton, ON, Canada,*Correspondence: Marie Pigeyre
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Sun Y, Zhu B, Meng X, Yin B, Wu K, Liu Y, Zou D, Xue J, Sun X, Zhang D, Ma Z. Effect of maternal body mass index on the steroid profile in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:999154. [PMID: 36440200 PMCID: PMC9681895 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.999154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the effect of maternal body mass index (BMI) on steroid hormone profiles in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and those with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). METHODS We enrolled 79 women with NGT and 80 women with GDM who had a gestational age of 24-28 weeks. The participants were grouped according to their BMI. We quantified 11 steroid hormones profiles by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and calculated the product-to-precursor ratios in the steroidogenic pathway. RESULTS Women with GDM and BMI<25kg/m2 showed higher concentrations of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) (p<0.001), testosterone (T) (p=0.020), estrone (E1) (p=0.010) and estradiol (E2) (p=0.040) and lower Matsuda index and HOMA-β than women with NGT and BMI<25kg/m2. In women with GDM, concentrations of E1 (p=0.006) and E2 (p=0.009) declined, accompanied by reduced E2/T (p=0.008) and E1/androstenedione (A4) (p=0.010) in the BMI>25 kg/m2 group, when compared to that in the BMI<25 kg/m2 group. The values of E2/T and E1/A4 were used to evaluate the cytochrome P450 aromatase enzyme activity in the steroidogenic pathway. Both aromatase activities negatively correlated with the maternal BMI and positively correlated with the Matsuda index in women with GDM. CONCLUSIONS NGT women and GDM women with normal weight presented with different steroid hormone profiles. Steroidogenic pathway profiling of sex hormones synthesis showed a significant increase in the production of DHEA, T, E1, and E2 in GDM women with normal weight. Additionally, the alteration of steroid hormone metabolism was related to maternal BMI in women with GDM, and GDM women with overweight showed reduced estrogen production and decreased insulin sensitivity compared with GDM women with normal weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Sun
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bo Zhu
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingjun Meng
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Binbin Yin
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, and Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dandan Zou
- Hangzhou BIOZON Medical Laboratory co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianyou Xue
- Hangzhou BIOZON Medical Laboratory co. Ltd., Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, and Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Women’s Reproductive Health of Zhejiang Province, and Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixin Ma, ; Dan Zhang,
| | - Zhixin Ma
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Clinical Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhixin Ma, ; Dan Zhang,
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Della Torre S. Beyond the X Factor: Relevance of Sex Hormones in NAFLD Pathophysiology. Cells 2021; 10:2502. [PMID: 34572151 PMCID: PMC8470830 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major health issue worldwide, being frequently associated with obesity, unbalanced dietary regimens, and reduced physical activity. Despite their greater adiposity and reduced physical activity, women show a lower risk of developing NAFLD in comparison to men, likely a consequence of a sex-specific regulation of liver metabolism. In the liver, sex differences in the uptake, synthesis, oxidation, deposition, and mobilization of lipids, as well as in the regulation of inflammation, are associated with differences in NAFLD prevalence and progression between men and women. Given the major role of sex hormones in driving hepatic sexual dimorphism, this review will focus on the role of sex hormones and their signaling in the regulation of hepatic metabolism and in the molecular mechanisms triggering NAFLD development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Della Torre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Milan, Via Balzaretti 9, 20133 Milan, Italy
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6
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Sexual hormones and diabetes: The impact of estradiol in pancreatic β cell. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021. [PMID: 33832654 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the most prevalent metabolic diseases and its incidence is increasing throughout the world. Data from World Health Organization (WHO) point-out that diabetes is a major cause of blindness, kidney failure, heart attacks, stroke and lower limb amputation and estimated 1.6 million deaths were directly caused by it in 2016. Population studies show that the incidence of this disease increases in women after menopause, when the production of estrogen is decreasing in them. Knowing the impact that estrogenic signaling has on insulin-secreting β cells is key to prevention and design of new therapeutic targets. This chapter explores the role of estrogen and their receptors in the regulation of insulin secretion and biosynthesis, proliferation, regeneration and survival in pancreatic β cells. In addition, delves into the genetic animal models developed and its application for the specific study of the different estrogen signaling pathways. Finally, discusses the impact of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on pancreatic β cell function.
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7
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Ortiz-Huidobro RI, Velasco M, Larqué C, Escalona R, Hiriart M. Molecular Insulin Actions Are Sexually Dimorphic in Lipid Metabolism. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:690484. [PMID: 34220716 PMCID: PMC8251559 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.690484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The increment in energy-dense food and low physical activity has contributed to the current obesity pandemic, which is more prevalent in women than in men. Insulin is an anabolic hormone that regulates the metabolism of lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins in adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. During obesity, nutrient storage capacity is dysregulated due to a reduced insulin action on its target organs, producing insulin resistance, an early marker of metabolic dysfunction. Insulin resistance in adipose tissue is central in metabolic diseases due to the critical role that this tissue plays in energy homeostasis. We focused on sexual dimorphism on the molecular mechanisms of insulin actions and their relationship with the physiology and pathophysiology of adipose tissue. Until recently, most of the physiological and pharmacological studies were done in males without considering sexual dimorphism, which is relevant. There is ample clinical and epidemiological evidence of its contribution to the establishment and progression of metabolic diseases. Sexual dimorphism is a critical and often overlooked factor that should be considered in design of sex-targeted therapeutic strategies and public health policies to address obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Isela Ortiz-Huidobro
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Myrian Velasco
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Carlos Larqué
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Rene Escalona
- Department of Embryology and Genetics, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Marcia Hiriart
- Neurosciences Division, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Instituto de Fisiología Celular, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Marcia Hiriart,
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8
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Salvoza NC, Giraudi PJ, Tiribelli C, Rosso N. Sex differences in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: hints for future management of the disease. EXPLORATION OF MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.37349/emed.2020.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) remains a major cause of chronic liver disease worldwide. Despite extensive studies, the heterogeneity of the risk factors as well as different disease mechanisms complicate the goals toward effective diagnosis and management. Recently, it has been shown that sex differences play a role in the prevalence and progression of NAFLD. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies revealed that the lower prevalence of NAFLD in premenopausal as compared to postmenopausal women and men is mainly due to the protective effects of estrogen and body fat distribution. It has been also described that males and females present differential pathogenic features in terms of biochemical profiles and histological characteristics. However, the exact molecular mechanisms for the gender differences that exist in the pathogenesis of NAFLD are still elusive. Lipogenesis, oxidative stress, and inflammation play a key role in the progression of NAFLD. For NAFLD, only a few studies characterized these mechanisms at the molecular level. Therefore, we aim to review the reported differential molecular mechanisms that trigger such different pathogenesis in both sexes. Differences in lipid metabolism, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis were discussed based on the evidence reported in recent publications. In conclusion, with this review, we hope to provide a new perspective for the development of future practice guidelines as well as a new avenue for the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel C. Salvoza
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, Area Science Park Basovizza SS14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy; Philippine Council for Health Research and Development, DOST Compound, Bicutan Taguig City 1631, Philippines
| | - Pablo J. Giraudi
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, Area Science Park Basovizza SS14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, Area Science Park Basovizza SS14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Natalia Rosso
- Fondazione Italiana Fegato ONLUS, Area Science Park Basovizza SS14 km 163.5, 34149 Trieste, Italy
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Houbrechts AM, Beckers A, Vancamp P, Sergeys J, Gysemans C, Mathieu C, Darras VM. Age-Dependent Changes in Glucose Homeostasis in Male Deiodinase Type 2 Knockout Zebrafish. Endocrinology 2019; 160:2759-2772. [PMID: 31504428 DOI: 10.1210/en.2019-00445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are crucial regulators of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Moreover, inactivating mutations in type 2 deiodinase (DIO2), the major TH-activating enzyme, have been associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in both humans and mice. We studied the link between Dio2 deficiency and glucose homeostasis in fasted males of two different Dio2 knockout (KO) zebrafish lines. Young adult Dio2KO zebrafish (6 to 9 months) were hyperglycemic. Both insulin and glucagon expression were increased, whereas β and α cell numbers in the main pancreatic islet were similar to those in wild-types. Insulin receptor expression in skeletal muscle was decreased at 6 months, accompanied by a strong downregulation of hexokinase and pyruvate kinase expression. Blood glucose levels in Dio2KO zebrafish, however, normalized around 1 year of age. Older mutants (18 to 24 months) were normoglycemic, and increased insulin and glucagon expression was accompanied by a prominent increase in pancreatic islet size and β and α cell numbers. Older Dio2KO zebrafish also showed strongly decreased expression of glucagon receptors in the gastrointestinal system as well as decreased expression of glucose transporters GLUT2 and GLUT12, glucose-6-phosphatase, and glycogen synthase 2. This study shows that Dio2KO zebrafish suffer from transient hyperglycemia, which is counteracted with increasing age by a prominent hyperplasia of the endocrine pancreas together with decreases in hepatic glucagon sensitivity and intestinal glucose uptake. Further research on the mechanisms allowing compensation in older Dio2KO zebrafish may help to identify new therapeutic targets for (TH deficiency-related) hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Houbrechts
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - An Beckers
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Pieter Vancamp
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jurgen Sergeys
- Laboratory of Neural Circuit Development and Regeneration, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Aging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism, and Aging, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle M Darras
- Laboratory of Comparative Endocrinology, Division of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Yan L, Feng H, Wang F, Lu B, Liu X, Sun L, Wang D. Establishment of three estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2a, esr2b) knockout lines for functional study in Nile tilapia. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 191:105379. [PMID: 31078694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2019.105379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Estrogens play fundamental roles in regulating reproductive activities and they act through estrogen receptors (ESRs) in all vertebrates. To date, distinct roles of estrogen receptors have been characterized only in human and model organisms, including mouse, rat, zebrafish and medaka. Physiological role of estrogen/receptor signaling in reproduction remains poorly defined in non-model organisms. In the present study, we successfully generated esr1, esr2a and esr2b mutant lines in tilapia by CRISPR/Cas9 and examined their phenotypes. Surprisingly, the esr1 mutants showed no phenotypes of reproductive development and function in both females and males. The esr2a mutant females showed significantly delayed ovarian development and follicle growth at 90 and 180 dah, and the development caught up later at 360 dah. The esr2a mutant males showed no phenotypes at 90 dah, and displayed smaller gonads and efferent ducts, less spermatogonia and more abnormal sperms at 180 dah. In contrast, the esr2b mutants displayed abnormal development of ovarian ducts and efferent ducts which failed to connect to the genital orifice, and which in turn, resulted in infertility in female and male, respectively, although they produced gametes in their gonads. Taken together, our study provides evidence for differential functions of esr1, esr2a and esr2b in fish reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longxia Yan
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haiwei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Feilong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Baoyue Lu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xingyong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Lina Sun
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Deshou Wang
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science of Chongqing, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Bernasochi GB, Bell JR, Simpson ER, Delbridge LM, Boon WC. Impact of Estrogens on the Regulation of White, Beige, and Brown Adipose Tissue Depots. Compr Physiol 2019; 9:457-475. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c180009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abbott DH, Dumesic DA, Levine JE. Hyperandrogenic origins of polycystic ovary syndrome - implications for pathophysiology and therapy. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2019; 14:131-143. [PMID: 30767580 PMCID: PMC6992448 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2019.1576522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) diagnosis comprises combinations of female hyperandrogenism, menstrual irregularity and polycystic ovaries. While it is a familial and highly prevalent endocrine disorder, progress towards a cure is hindered by absence of a definitive pathogenic mechanism and lack of an animal model of naturally occurring PCOS. AREAS COVERED These include an overview of PCOS and its potential etiology, and an examination of insights gained into its pathogenic origins. Animal models derived from experimentally-induced hyperandrogenism during gestation, or from naturally-occurring PCOS-like traits, most reliably demonstrate reproductive, neuroendocrine and metabolic pathogenesis. EXPERT OPINION Genetic studies, while identifying at least 17 PCOS risk genes, account for <10% of women with PCOS. A number of PCOS risk genes involve regulation of gonadotropin secretion or action, suggesting a reproductive neuroendocrine basis for PCOS pathogenesis. Consistent with this notion, a number of animal models employing fetal androgen excess demonstrate epigenetic induction of PCOS-like traits, including reproductive neuroendocrine and metabolic dysfunction. Monkey models are most comprehensive, while mouse models provide molecular insight, including identifying the androgen receptor, particularly in neurons, as mediating androgen-induced PCOS-like programming. Naturally-occurring female hyperandrogenism is also demonstrated in monkeys. Animal models are poised to delineate molecular gateways to PCOS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Abbott
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Daniel A Dumesic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jon E Levine
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
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Impact of aromatase absence on murine intraocular pressure and retinal ganglion cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3280. [PMID: 29459742 PMCID: PMC5818491 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21475-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We hypothesize that aromatase, an enzyme that regulates estrogen production, plays a significant role in the control of intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). To begin to test our hypothesis, we examined the impact of aromatase absence, which completely eliminates estrogen synthesis, in male and female mice. Studies were performed with adult, age-matched wild type (WT) and aromatase knockout (ArKO) mice. IOP was measured in a masked fashion in both eyes of conscious mice at 12 and 24 weeks of age. Retinas were obtained and processed for RGC counting with a confocal microscope. IOP levels in both 12- and 24-week old female ArKO mice were significantly higher than those of age- and sex-matched WT controls. The mean increase in IOP was 7.9% in the 12-week-, and 19.7% in the 24-week-old mice, respectively. These changes were accompanied by significant 9% and 7% decreases in RGC numbers in the ArKO female mice, relative to controls, at 12- and 24-weeks, respectively. In contrast, aromatase deficiency did not lead to an increased IOP in male mice. There was a significant reduction in RGC counts in the 12-, but not 24-, week-old male ArKO mice, as compared to their age- and sex-matched WT controls. Overall, our findings show that aromatase inhibition in females is associated with elevated IOP and reduced RGC counts.
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Colafella KMM, Denton KM. Sex-specific differences in hypertension and associated cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Nephrol 2018; 14:185-201. [PMID: 29380817 DOI: 10.1038/nrneph.2017.189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Although intrinsic mechanisms that regulate arterial blood pressure (BP) are similar in men and women, marked variations exist at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels. These physiological disparities between the sexes likely contribute to differences in disease onset, susceptibility, prevalence and treatment responses. Key systems that are important in the development of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD), including the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the immune system, are differentially activated in males and females. Biological age also contributes to sexual dimorphism, as premenopausal women experience a higher degree of cardioprotection than men of similar age. Furthermore, sex hormones such as oestrogen and testosterone as well as sex chromosome complement likely contribute to sex differences in BP and CVD. At the cellular level, differences in cell senescence pathways may contribute to increased longevity in women and may also limit organ damage caused by hypertension. In addition, many lifestyle and environmental factors - such as smoking, alcohol consumption and diet - may influence BP and CVD in a sex-specific manner. Evidence suggests that cardioprotection in women is lost under conditions of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Treatment strategies for hypertension and CVD that are tailored according to sex could lead to improved outcomes for affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrina M Mirabito Colafella
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Division of Vascular Medicine and Pharmacology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kate M Denton
- Cardiovascular Disease Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University Wellington Road, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Qiu S, Vazquez JT, Boulger E, Liu H, Xue P, Hussain MA, Wolfe A. Hepatic estrogen receptor α is critical for regulation of gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism in males. Sci Rep 2017; 7:1661. [PMID: 28490809 PMCID: PMC5431852 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-01937-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired estrogens action is associated with features of the metabolic syndrome in animal models and humans. We sought to determine whether disruption of hepatic estrogens action in adult male mice could recapitulate aspects of the metabolic syndrome to understand the mechanistic basis for the phenotype. We found 17β-estradiol (E2) inhibited hepatic gluconeogenic genes such as phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 1 (Pck-1) and glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) and this effect was absent in mice lacking liver estrogen receptor α (Esr1) (LERKO mice). Male LERKO mice displayed elevated hepatic gluconeogenic activity and fasting hyperglycemia. We also observed increased liver lipid deposits and triglyceride levels in male LERKO mice, resulting from increased hepatic lipogenesis as reflected by increased mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase (Fas) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (Acc1). ChIP assay demonstrated estradiol (E2) induced ESR1 binding to Pck-1, G6Pase, Fas and Acc1 promoters. Metabolic phenotyping demonstrated both basal metabolic rate and feeding were lower for the LERKO mice as compared to Controls. Furthermore, the respiratory exchange rate was significantly lower in LERKO mice than in Controls, suggesting an increase in lipid oxidation. Our data indicate that hepatic E2/ESR1 signaling plays a key role in the maintenance of gluconeogenesis and lipid metabolism in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuiqing Qiu
- Division of Metabolism and Pediatric Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Erin Boulger
- School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haiyun Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ping Xue
- Division of Metabolism and Pediatric Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mehboob Ali Hussain
- Division of Metabolism and Pediatric Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Wolfe
- Division of Metabolism and Pediatric Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine, Pediatrics, Biological Chemistry and Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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