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Bergandi L, Palladino G, Meduri A, De Luca L, Silvagno F. Vitamin D and Sulforaphane Decrease Inflammatory Oxidative Stress and Restore the Markers of Epithelial Integrity in an In Vitro Model of Age-Related Macular Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6404. [PMID: 38928111 PMCID: PMC11203625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is strictly linked to chronic oxidative stress, inflammation, loss of epithelial barrier integrity, and often with abnormal new blood vessel development. In this study, the retinal epithelial cell line ARPE-19 was treated with pro-inflammatory transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) to investigate the activity of vitamin D (VD) and sulforaphane (SF) in abating the consequences of oxidative stress and inflammation. The administration of VD and SF lowered reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and abated the related expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 induced by TGF-β. We evaluated mitochondrial respiration as a source of ROS production, and we discovered that the increased transcription of respiratory elements triggered by TGF-β was prevented by VD and SF. In this model of inflamed epithelium, the treatment with VD and SF also reduced the secretion of VEGF, a key angiogenic factor, and restored the markers of epithelial integrity. Remarkably, all the observed biological effects were potentiated by the co-stimulation with the two compounds and were not mediated by VD receptor expression but rather by the ERK 1/2 pathway. Altogether, the results of this study reveal the powerful synergistic anti-inflammatory activity of SF and VD and lay the foundation for future clinical assessment of their efficacy in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Giulia Palladino
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Meduri
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Laura De Luca
- Ophthalmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy; (L.B.); (G.P.)
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Nakamori Y, Takasawa A, Takasawa K, Kyuno D, Ono Y, Magara K, Nakahashi N, Sekiguchi S, Tsuchihashi K, Miyazaki A, Osanai M. Vitamin D-metabolizing enzyme CYP24A1 affects oncogenic behaviors of oral squamous cell carcinoma and its prognostic implication. Med Mol Morphol 2024:10.1007/s00795-024-00387-y. [PMID: 38772955 DOI: 10.1007/s00795-024-00387-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Vitamin D is an essential molecule for cellular homeostasis, playing a critical role in cell fate decisions including cell proliferation, differentiation, and viability. Accumulating evidence has revealed that expression of the vitamin D-metabolizing enzyme CYP24A1 is dysregulated in different types of human malignancy. CYP24A1 has been shown to be involved in the oncogenic property of a variety of carcinoma cells. However, the pathological relevance of CYP24A1 expression level in human oral malignancy remains to be clarified. In the present study, suppression of CYP24A1 expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells increased cell proliferation, invasive activity, colony formation efficacy, and tumor growth in vivo. In addition, knockout of CYP24A1 expression inhibited cell death induced by two different types of anticancer drugs, i.e., fluorouracil and cisplatin. Gene clustering by RNA-sequence analysis revealed that several signaling molecules associated with MYC are involved in CYP24A1-mediated oncogenic behaviors. Furthermore, decreased expression level of CYP24A1 was observed in 124/204 cases (61%) of OSCC and was shown to be associated with short relapse-free and overall survival periods. The results showed that a low expression level of CYP24A1 promotes the oncogenic activity of OSCC and is significantly associated with poor prognosis in patients with this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Nakamori
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Akira Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
- Division of Tumor Pathology, Department of Pathology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, 078-8510, Japan
| | - Kumi Takasawa
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kyuno
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ono
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Kazufumi Magara
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Naoya Nakahashi
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Shohei Sekiguchi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Kei Tsuchihashi
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyazaki
- Department of Oral Surgery, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan
| | - Makoto Osanai
- Department of Pathology, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine, South-1 West-17, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-0061, Japan.
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Romero-Córdoba S, Chirinos M, Noyola-Martínez N, Torres-Ramírez N, García-Olivares M, Aragón-Hernández JP, Ramírez-Camacho I, Zúñiga R, Larrea F, Halhali A, Barrera D. Transcriptional landscape of human trophoblast cells treated with calcitriol and TGF-β1. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2024; 579:112088. [PMID: 37832930 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2023.112088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Calcitriol and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) are unrelated molecules that regulate biological processes according to the genetic target, cell type, and context. Several studies have shown independent effects of calcitriol and TGF-βs on the placenta, but there is no information regarding the impact of their combination on these cells. Therefore, this study analyzed the effects of calcitriol, TGF-β1, and their combination in primary cultures of human trophoblast cells using a whole genome expression microarray. Data analysis revealed a set of differentially expressed genes induced by each treatment. Enrichment pathway analysis identified modulatory effects of calcitriol on genes related to metabolic processes such as vitamin D, steroid, and fat-soluble vitamins as well as antimicrobial and immune responses. In relation to TGF-β1, the analysis showed a few differentially expressed genes that were mainly associated with the neutrophil immune response. Lastly, the analysis revealed that the combination of calcitriol and TGF-β1 up-regulated genes involving both immunologic processes and the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, eicosanoids, and lipoxins, among others. In contrast, pathways down-regulated by the combination were mostly associated with the catabolic process of acylglycerols and peptides, PPAR signaling pathway, cellular response to low-density lipoprotein stimulus, renin angiotensin system and digestion, mobilization and transport of lipids. Consistent with these results, the combined treatment on human trophoblast cells induced the accumulation of intracellular neutral lipid droplets and stimulated both gene and protein expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase. In conclusion, the results revealed that differentially expressed genes induced by the combination modified the transcriptional landscape compared to each treatment alone, mainly altering the storage, activity and metabolism of lipids, which might have an impact on placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, 04510, Mexico; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Mayel Chirinos
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Nancy Noyola-Martínez
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Nayeli Torres-Ramírez
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, México, 04510, Mexico
| | - Mitzi García-Olivares
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Juan Pablo Aragón-Hernández
- Departamento de la Unidad Tocoquirúrgica, Hospital General "Dr. Manuel Gea González", Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Ixchel Ramírez-Camacho
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Rosa Zúñiga
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, Ciudad de México, 14080, Mexico.
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Schichlein KD, Smith GJ, Jaspers I. Protective effects of inhaled antioxidants against air pollution-induced pathological responses. Respir Res 2023; 24:187. [PMID: 37443038 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02490-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As the public health burden of air pollution continues to increase, new strategies to mitigate harmful health effects are needed. Dietary antioxidants have previously been explored to protect against air pollution-induced lung injury producing inconclusive results. Inhaled (pulmonary or nasal) administration of antioxidants presents a more promising approach as it could directly increase antioxidant levels in the airway surface liquid (ASL), providing protection against oxidative damage from air pollution. Several antioxidants have been shown to exhibit antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties in in vitro and in vivo models of air pollution exposure; however, little work has been done to translate these basic research findings into practice. This narrative review summarizes these findings and data from human studies using inhaled antioxidants in response to air pollution, which have produced positive results, indicating further investigation is warranted. In addition to human studies, cell and murine studies should be conducted using more relevant models of exposure such as air-liquid interface (ALI) cultures of primary cells and non-aqueous apical delivery of antioxidants and pollutants. Inhalation of antioxidants shows promise as a protective intervention to prevent air pollution-induced lung injury and exacerbation of existing lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin D Schichlein
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
| | - Gregory J Smith
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Ilona Jaspers
- Curriculum in Toxicology and Environmental Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 116 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7310, USA.
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA.
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Mego M, Vlkova B, Minarik G, Cierna Z, Karaba M, Benca J, Sedlackova T, Cholujova D, Gronesova P, Kalavska K, Pindak D, Mardiak J, Celec P. Vitamin D and circulating tumor cells in primary breast cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:950451. [PMID: 36158648 PMCID: PMC9489852 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.950451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) contribute to the metastatic cascade and represent an independent survival predictor in breast cancer (BC) patients. Vitamin D has pleiotropic effects, and its low concentrations are associated with breast cancer and metastasis. The aim of this study was to assess plasma vitamin D in primary BC patients in relation to CTCs. Methods This study included 91 non-metastatic BC patients (stage I–III) and 24 healthy donors. Blood samples for the analyses were drawn at the time of surgery. CTCs were assessed using a quantitative RT-PCR assay for expression of epithelial (CK19) or epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) genes (TWIST1, SNAIL1, SLUG, and ZEB1). Total 25-OH vitamin D was measured in plasma using ELISA. Plasma cytokines and angiogenic factors were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay. Results CTCs were detected in 30 (33%) patients. Patients with detectable CTCs in peripheral blood had significantly lower vitamin D concentrations in comparison to patients without detectable CTCs ((mean ± SD) 8.50 ± 3.89 µg/L for CTC-positive vs 9.69 ± 3.49 µg/L for CTC-negative patients, p = 0.03). The mean ( ± SD) vitamin D plasma level was 9.3 ± 3.65 µg/L for breast cancer patients compared to 18.6 ± 6.8 for healthy donors (p < 0.000001). There was no association between plasma vitamin D and other patient/tumor characteristics. Plasma vitamin D levels are inversely correlated with plasma TGF-β1, TGF-β2, IL β, IL-5, and eotaxin (all p < 0.05). Patients with vitamin D above the median had a better overall survival (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.36, 95% CI 0.16–0.80, p = 0.017), and combined analysis showed the best survival for CTC-negative patients with vitamin D levels above the median as compared to patients with opposite characteristics (HR = 0.18, 95% CI 0.05–0.63, p = 0.004). Conclusions Low vitamin D could be a consequence and hence a biomarker of a more invasive disease. Alternatively, vitamin D could be associated with survival because of its role in tumor dissemination. Whether its supplementation affects the metastatic cascade should be tested in animal experiments and interventional studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Mego
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- *Correspondence: Michal Mego,
| | - Barbora Vlkova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Gabriel Minarik
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Zuzana Cierna
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Pathology, Faculty Hospital, Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Marian Karaba
- Department of Oncosurgery, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Juraj Benca
- Department of Oncosurgery, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Medicine, St. Elizabeth University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tatiana Sedlackova
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Dana Cholujova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Paulina Gronesova
- Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Kalavska
- Translational Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Pindak
- Department of Oncosurgery, National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Oncosurgery, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Mardiak
- 2Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and National Cancer Institute, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Celec
- Institute of Molecular Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Bratislava, Slovakia
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Bergandi L, Flutto T, Valentini S, Thedy L, Pramotton R, Zenato S, Silvagno F. Whey Derivatives and Galactooligosaccharides Stimulate the Wound Healing and the Function of Human Keratinocytes through the NF-kB and FOXO-1 Signaling Pathways. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142888. [PMID: 35889845 PMCID: PMC9319648 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Skin repair requires the activation of keratinocytes and is mediated by controlled inflammation and cell migration and proliferation, ending with the regeneration of well-differentiated cell layers. Whey derivatives contain galactooligosaccharides (GOS), which have potential beneficial effects on wound healing due to their activity as toll-like receptor ligands, although their direct nonprebiotic effects in the skin have not yet been described. In this study, we investigated the effects of different whey-derived products and purified GOS on a human keratinocyte cell line. We found that the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-8 (IL-8) was upregulated by nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) signaling triggered by whey derivatives and GOS and that wound healing was accelerated by promoting cell migration and the loss of E-cadherin in the absence of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Interestingly, the treatments enhanced the mitochondrial function in association with the translocation of the Forkhead Box O1 (FOXO-1) transcription factor. Finally, we detected the increased expression of the differentiation markers induced by GOS and whey derivatives. All together, our results show that GOS-containing products can promote wound closure and skin health by direct activity on keratinocyte functions. Among the preparations tested, the fermented compound produced by autochthonous microorganisms was the most active in modulating keratinocyte activity, supporting the biological value of whey derivatives for health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tania Flutto
- Institut Agricole Régional, 11100 Aosta, Italy; (T.F.); (S.V.); (L.T.); (R.P.); (S.Z.)
| | - Sabina Valentini
- Institut Agricole Régional, 11100 Aosta, Italy; (T.F.); (S.V.); (L.T.); (R.P.); (S.Z.)
| | - Laura Thedy
- Institut Agricole Régional, 11100 Aosta, Italy; (T.F.); (S.V.); (L.T.); (R.P.); (S.Z.)
| | - Rita Pramotton
- Institut Agricole Régional, 11100 Aosta, Italy; (T.F.); (S.V.); (L.T.); (R.P.); (S.Z.)
| | - Simona Zenato
- Institut Agricole Régional, 11100 Aosta, Italy; (T.F.); (S.V.); (L.T.); (R.P.); (S.Z.)
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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7
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Liu H, Chen YG. The Interplay Between TGF-β Signaling and Cell Metabolism. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:846723. [PMID: 35359452 PMCID: PMC8961331 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.846723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling plays a critical role in the development and tissue homeostasis in metazoans, and deregulation of TGF-β signaling leads to many pathological conditions. Mounting evidence suggests that TGF-β signaling can actively alter metabolism in diverse cell types. Furthermore, metabolic pathways, beyond simply regarded as biochemical reactions, are closely intertwined with signal transduction. Here, we discuss the role of TGF-β in glucose, lipid, amino acid, redox and polyamine metabolism with an emphasis on how TGF-β can act as a metabolic modulator and how metabolic changes can influence TGF-β signaling. We also describe how interplay between TGF-β signaling and cell metabolism regulates cellular homeostasis as well as the progression of multiple diseases, including cancer.
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8
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Ge Y, Luo J, Li D, Li C, Huang J, Yu H, Lin X, Li Y, Man M, Zhang J, Zhang J, Hu L. Deficiency of vitamin D receptor in keratinocytes augments dermal fibrosis and inflammation in a mouse model of HOCl-induced scleroderma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 591:1-6. [PMID: 34986435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.12.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Scleroderma, characterized by extensive fibrosis and vascular alterations, involves excessive fibroblast activation, uncontrolled inflammation, and abnormal collagen deposition. Previous studies showed that administrations of either 1,25(OH)2D3 or vitamin D analog effectively decreased or reversed skin fibrosis by regulating the extracellular matrix homeostasis. The actions of 1,25(OH)2D3 are mediated by the vitamin D receptor (VDR), a transcription regulator crucial for skin homeostasis. Although evidence suggests that keratinocyte-fibroblast interaction influences the development of scleroderma, the role of keratinocytes in scleroderma remains unknown. Here, we demonstrated that the ablation of VDR in keratinocytes greatly exacerbated dermal fibrosis in HOCl-induced scleroderma in mice. The deficiency of VDR in the epidermis marked increased dermal thickness, inflammatory cell infiltration, and severe collagen deposition in comparison to the control group in HOCl-treated skin. Moreover, significant elevations in expression levels of mRNA for collagen overproduction (Col1A1, Col1A2, Col3A1, α-SMA, MMP9, TGF-β1) and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, CXCL1, CXCL2) were observed in VDR conditional KO versus control mice following HOCl treatment. Collectively, these results suggest that VDR in keratinocytes plays a pivotal role in scleroderma progression, and the interplay between keratinocytes and fibroblasts deserves more attention regarding the exploration of the pathogenesis and treatment for scleroderma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicheng Ge
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Jing Luo
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Dan Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Chenxi Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Junkai Huang
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Haoyue Yu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Xinyi Lin
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Yingxi Li
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Maoqiang Man
- Dermatology Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510091, China
| | - Junling Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, No. 354, Bei Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300120, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
| | - Lizhi Hu
- Immunology Department, Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease (Ministry of Education), Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, China.
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Vaghari-Tabari M, Mohammadzadeh I, Qujeq D, Majidinia M, Alemi F, Younesi S, Mahmoodpoor A, Maleki M, Yousefi B, Asemi Z. Vitamin D in respiratory viral infections: a key immune modulator? Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:2231-2246. [PMID: 34470511 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1972407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections are common respiratory diseases. Influenza viruses, RSV and SARS-COV2 have the potential to cause severe respiratory infections. Numerous studies have shown that unregulated immune response to these viruses can cause excessive inflammation and tissue damage. Therefore, regulating the antiviral immune response in the respiratory tract is of importance. In this regard, recent years studies have emphasized the importance of vitamin D in respiratory viral infections. Although, the most well-known role of vitamin D is to regulate the metabolism of phosphorus and calcium, it has been shown that this vitamin has other important functions. One of these functions is immune regulation. Vitamin D can regulate the antiviral immune response in the respiratory tract in order to provide an effective defense against respiratory viral infections and prevention from excessive inflammatory response and tissue damage. In addition, this vitamin has preventive effects against respiratory viral infections. Some studies during the COVID-19 pandemic have shown that vitamin D deficiency may be associated with a higher risk of mortality and sever disease in patients with COVID-19. Since, more attention has recently been focused on vitamin D. In this article, after a brief overview of the antiviral immune response in the respiratory system, we will review the role of vitamin D in regulating the antiviral immune response comprehensively. Then we will discuss the importance of this vitamin in influenza, RSV, and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Vaghari-Tabari
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Iraj Mohammadzadeh
- Non-Communicable Pediatric Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Durdi Qujeq
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran.,Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center (CMBRC), Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
| | - Maryam Majidinia
- Solid Tumor Research Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Forough Alemi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Simin Younesi
- Schoole of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melborne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ata Mahmoodpoor
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Science and Health Services, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Masomeh Maleki
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Bahman Yousefi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zatollah Asemi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
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10
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The effect of vitamin D on the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2021; 36:1329-1344. [PMID: 33598751 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-021-03879-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There has been a lot of controversies about the correlation between vitamin D and colorectal cancer (CRC). In this meta-analysis, we purposed to explore the relationship between vitamin D and the incidence of CRC/the prognosis of CRC. METHODS A systematic search for articles in databases (Pubmed, Web of Science, EBSCO and Cochrane Library) was terminated in April 2020. The primary outcomes were the incidence rate of CRC and the long-term survival of patients with CRC. RESULTS According to the estimated pooled OR from 21 eligible studies, covering 904,152 people, the use of vitamin D was inversely associated with the incidence of CRC [OR = 0.87, (0.82-0.92)]. Among the four studies included in this meta-analysis, covering 7486 patients, compared the overall survival (OS) of CRC between the vitamin D users and the non-users. Based on the estimated pooled HR, vitamin D potentially improved the long-term survival of CRC patients [HR = 0.91, (0.83-0.98)]. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis demonstrates that vitamin D not only has a positive impact on the incidence of CRC from either the dietary or supplemental sources but also benefits clinical outcomes and improves the long-term survival of CRC patients. However, further studies are recommended to clarify the above phenomena.
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11
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TGF Beta Induces Vitamin D Receptor and Modulates Mitochondrial Activity of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122932. [PMID: 34208208 PMCID: PMC8230851 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The inflammatory cytokine TGFβ is both a tumor suppressor during cancer initiation and a promoter of metastasis along cancer progression. Inflammation and cancer are strictly linked, and cancer onset often correlates with the insufficiency of vitamin D, known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we investigated the interplay between TGFβ and vitamin D in two models of human pancreatic cancer, and we analyzed the metabolic effects of a prolonged TGFβ treatment mimicking the inflammatory environment of pancreatic cancer in vivo. We confirmed the induction of the vitamin D receptor previously described in epithelial cells, but the inhibitory effects of vitamin D on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) were lost when the hormone was given after a long treatment with TGFβ. Moreover, we detected an ROS-mediated toxicity of the acute treatment with TGFβ, whereas a chronic exposure to low doses had a protumorigenic effect. In fact, it boosted the mitochondrial respiration and cancer cell migration without ROS production and cytotoxicity. Our observations shed some light on the multifaceted role of TGFβ in tumor progression, revealing that a sustained exposure to TGFβ at low doses results in an irreversibly increased EMT associated with a metabolic modulation which favors the formation of metastasis.
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12
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García-Olivares M, Romero-Córdoba S, Ortiz-Sánchez E, García-Becerra R, Segovia-Mendoza M, Rangel-Escareño C, Halhali A, Larrea F, Barrera D. Regulation of anti-tumorigenic pathways by the combinatory treatment of calcitriol and TGF-β in PC-3 and DU145 cells. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 209:105831. [PMID: 33582304 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcitriol and transforming growth factors beta (TGF-β) are involved in several biological pathways such as cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion. Their cellular effects could be similar or opposite depending on the genetic target, cell type and context. Despite the reported association of calcitriol deficiency and disruption of the TGF-β pathway in prostate cancer and the well-known independent effects of calcitriol and TGF-βs on cancer cells, there is limited information regarding the cellular effects of calcitriol and TGF-β in combination. In this study, we in vitro analyze the combinatory effects of calcitriol and TGF-β on cell growth and apoptosis using PC-3 and DU145 human prostate cancer cell lines. Using high-throughput microarray profiling of PC-3 cells upon independent and combinatory treatments, we identified distinct transcriptional landscapes of each intervention, with a higher effect established by the combinatorial treatment, following by TGF-β1 and later by calcitriol. A set of genes and enriched pathways converge among the treatments, mainly between the combinatory scheme and TGF-β1, but the majority were treatment-specific. Of note, CYP24A1, IGFBP3, CDKN1A, NOX4 and UBE2D3 were significantly up-regulated upon the combinatorial treatment whereas CCNA1, members of the CT45A and APOBEC3 family were down-regulated. By public RNA signatures, we were able to confirm the regulation by the co-treatment over cell proliferation and cell cycle. We finally investigated the possible clinical impact of genes modulated by the combinatorial treatment using benchmark prostate cancer data. This comprehensive analysis reveals that the combinatory treatment impairs cell growth without affecting apoptosis and their combinatory actions might synergize and improved their individual effects to reprogram prostate cancer signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitzi García-Olivares
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, 14080, México
| | - Sandra Romero-Córdoba
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México 04510, México; Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, 14080, México
| | - Elizabeth Ortiz-Sánchez
- Subdirección de Investigación Básica, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Secretaría de Salud, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Rocío García-Becerra
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Biotecnología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariana Segovia-Mendoza
- Departamento de Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Coyoacán, Ciudad de México, 04510, México
| | - Claudia Rangel-Escareño
- Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional y Biología Integrativa, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Periférico Sur 4809, Ciudad de México, 14610, México; Departamento de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Epigmenio González 500, Soriana, 76140 Santiago de Querétaro, Qro. México
| | - Ali Halhali
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, 14080, México
| | - Fernando Larrea
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, 14080, México
| | - David Barrera
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción "Dr. Carlos Gual Castro", Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Av. Vasco de Quiroga No. 15, Col. Belisario Domínguez, Sección XVI, Ciudad de México, 14080, México.
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13
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Singh M, Vaughn C, Sasaninia K, Yeh C, Mehta D, Khieran I, Venketaraman V. Understanding the Relationship between Glutathione, TGF-β, and Vitamin D in Combating Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infections. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9092757. [PMID: 32858837 PMCID: PMC7563738 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9092757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a pervasive global health threat. A significant proportion of the world's population that is affected by latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is at risk for reactivation and subsequent transmission to close contacts. Despite sustained efforts in eradication, the rise of multidrug-resistant strains of Mycobacteriumtuberculosis (M. tb) has rendered traditional antibiotic therapy less effective at mitigating the morbidity and mortality of the disease. Management of TB is further complicated by medications with various off-target effects and poor compliance. Immunocompromised patients are the most at-risk in reactivation of a LTBI, due to impairment in effector immune responses. Our laboratory has previously reported that individuals suffering from Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and HIV exhibited compromised levels of the antioxidant glutathione (GSH). Restoring the levels of GSH resulted in improved control of M. tb infection. The goal of this review is to provide insights on the diverse roles of TGF- β and vitamin D in altering the levels of GSH, granuloma formation, and clearance of M. tb infection. We propose that these pathways represent a potential avenue for future investigation and development of new TB treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohkam Singh
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (M.S.); (C.V.); (K.S.)
| | - Charles Vaughn
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (M.S.); (C.V.); (K.S.)
| | - Kayvan Sasaninia
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (M.S.); (C.V.); (K.S.)
| | - Christopher Yeh
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (C.Y.); (D.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Devanshi Mehta
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (C.Y.); (D.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Ibrahim Khieran
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (C.Y.); (D.M.); (I.K.)
| | - Vishwanath Venketaraman
- Graduate College of Biomedical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (M.S.); (C.V.); (K.S.)
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA; (C.Y.); (D.M.); (I.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-909-706-3736
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14
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Vitamin D Effects on Cell Differentiation and Stemness in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092413. [PMID: 32854355 PMCID: PMC7563562 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is the precursor of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), a pleiotropic hormone that is a major regulator of the human genome. 1,25(OH)2D3 modulates the phenotype and physiology of many cell types by controlling the expression of hundreds of genes in a tissue- and cell-specific fashion. Vitamin D deficiency is common among cancer patients and numerous studies have reported that 1,25(OH)2D3 promotes the differentiation of a wide panel of cultured carcinoma cells, frequently associated with a reduction in cell proliferation and survival. A major mechanism of this action is inhibition of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, which in turn is largely based on antagonism of the Wnt/β-catenin, TGF-β and EGF signaling pathways. In addition, 1,25(OH)2D3 controls the gene expression profile and phenotype of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are important players in the tumorigenic process. Moreover, recent data suggest a regulatory role of 1,25(OH)2D3 in the biology of normal and cancer stem cells (CSCs). Here, we revise the current knowledge of the molecular and genetic basis of the regulation by 1,25(OH)2D3 of the differentiation and stemness of human carcinoma cells, CAFs and CSCs. These effects support a homeostatic non-cytotoxic anticancer action of 1,25(OH)2D3 based on reprogramming of the phenotype of several cell types.
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15
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Wang P, Xu J, You W, Hou Y, Wang S, Ma Y, Tan J, Zhang Z, Hu W, Li B. Knockdown of CYP24A1 Aggravates 1α,25(OH) 2D 3-Inhibited Migration and Invasion of Mouse Ovarian Epithelial Cells by Suppressing EMT. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1258. [PMID: 32850381 PMCID: PMC7403498 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) bestows cancer cells with motile and invasive properties. But for ovarian tissues, EMT plays a physiological role in the postovulatory repair of ovary surface epithelial (OSE) cells. Accumulating data indicated that 1α,25(OH)2D3 decreased both the migration and invasion of various cancer cells by suppressing EMT. However, it remains unclear whether 1α,25(OH)2D3 inhibits the process of EMT during different stages of oncogenic transformation in mouse OSE (MOSE) cells. In present study, a spontaneous malignant transformation model of MOSE cells at three sequential stages (early, intermediate and late) was established in vitro first and then subjected to 1α,25(OH)2D3 treatment to investigate the effect of 1α,25(OH)2D3 on the oncogenic transformation of MOSE cells. We found that 1α,25(OH)2D3 significantly reduced the proliferation and invasion of late malignant transformed MOSE (M-L cells) cells by inhibiting EMT both in vitro and in vivo, but not in intermediate transformed (M-I) cells. Importantly, we found that the levels of CYP24A1 in M-I cells were dramatically higher than that in M-L cells following treatment with 1α,25(OH)2D3. Furthermore, we demonstrated that, in both M-I and M-L cells with CYP24A1 knockdown, 1α,25(OH)2D3 suppressed the proliferation and invasion, and reduced the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin and Snail. In addition, knockdown of CYP24A1 suppressed EMT by increasing E-cadherin while decreasing N-cadherin, Vimentin, β-catenin and Snail. These findings provide support for inhibiting CYP24A1 as a potential approach to activate the vitamin D pathway in the prevention and therapy of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jiming Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Weijing You
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yongfeng Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Fuwai Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shuiliang Wang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yujie Ma
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianming Tan
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Transplant Biology, 900 Hospital of the Joint Logistics Team, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zengli Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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16
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The vicious cycle between ferritinophagy and ROS production triggered EMT inhibition of gastric cancer cells was through p53/AKT/mTor pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 328:109196. [PMID: 32687844 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis and resistance for chemotherapeutic agent correlate with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), while ROS production also involves in the EMT process, However, how autophagy mediated ROS production affects EMT remains unclear. Previous study showed that DpdtC (2,2'-di-pyridylketone hydrazone dithiocarbamate) could induce ferritinophagy in HepG2 cell. To insight into more details that how ferritinophagy affects cellular feature, the SGC-7901and BGC-823 gastric cancer cell lines were used. Interestingly DpdtC treatment resulted in EMT inhibition and was ROS dependent. Similar situation occurred in TGF-β1 induced EMT model, supporting that DpdtC was able to inhibit EMT. Next the ability of DpdtC in ferritinophagy induction was further evaluated. As expected, DpdtC induced ferritinophagy in the absence and presence of TGF-β1. The correlation analysis revealed that an enhanced ferritinophagic flux contributed to the EMT inhibition. In addition, ferritinophagy triggers Fenton reaction, resulting in ROS production which give rise of p53 response, thus the role of p53 was further investigated. DpdtC treatment resulted in upregulation of p53, but, the addition of p53 inhibitor, PFT-α could significantly neutralize the action of DpdtC on ferritinophagy induction and EMT inhibition. Furthermore, autophagy inhibitors or NAC could counteract the action of DpdtC, indicating that ferrtinophagy-mediated ROS played an important role in the cellular events. In addition to upregulation of p53, its down-stream targets, AKT/mTor were also downregulated, supporting that DpdtC induced EMT inhibition was achieved through ferritinophagy-ROS vicious cycle mediated p53/AKT/mTor pathway. And the activation of ferritinophagic flux was the dominant driving force in action of DpdtC in gastric cancer cells.
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17
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Vitamin D Prevents Pancreatic Cancer-Induced Apoptosis Signaling of Inflammatory Cells. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10071055. [PMID: 32679840 PMCID: PMC7408286 DOI: 10.3390/biom10071055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Combined approaches based on immunotherapy and drugs supporting immune effector cell function might increase treatment options for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), vitamin D being a suitable drug candidate. In this study, we evaluated whether treatment with the vitamin D analogue, calcipotriol, counterbalances PDAC induced and SMAD4-associated intracellular calcium [Ca2+]i alterations, cytokines release, immune effector function, and the intracellular signaling of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Calcipotriol counteracted the [Ca2+]i depletion of PBMCs induced by SMAD4-expressing PDAC cells, which conditioned media augmented the number of calcium flows while reducing whole [Ca2+]i. While calcipotriol inhibited spontaneous and PDAC-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) release by PBMC and reduced intracellular transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), it did not counteract the lymphocytes proliferation induced in allogenic co-culture by PDAC-conditioned PBMCs. Calcipotriol mainly antagonized PDAC-induced apoptosis and partially restored PDAC-inhibited NF-κB signaling pathway. In conclusion, alterations induced by PDAC cells in the [Ca2+]i of immune cells can be partially reverted by calcipotriol treatment, which promotes inflammation and antagonizes PBMCs apoptosis. These effects, together with the dampening of intracellular TGF-β, might result in an overall anti-tumor effect, thus supporting the administration of vitamin D in PDAC patients.
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18
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Schrumpf JA, van der Does AM, Hiemstra PS. Impact of the Local Inflammatory Environment on Mucosal Vitamin D Metabolism and Signaling in Chronic Inflammatory Lung Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1433. [PMID: 32754156 PMCID: PMC7366846 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D plays an active role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immune responses as well as in the protection against respiratory pathogens. Evidence for this immunomodulatory and protective role is derived from observational studies showing an association between vitamin D deficiency, chronic airway diseases and respiratory infections, and is supported by a range of experimental studies using cell culture and animal models. Furthermore, recent intervention studies have now shown that vitamin D supplementation reduces exacerbation rates in vitamin D-deficient patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or asthma and decreases the incidence of acute respiratory tract infections. The active vitamin D metabolite, 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (1,25(OH)2D), is known to contribute to the integrity of the mucosal barrier, promote killing of pathogens (via the induction of antimicrobial peptides), and to modulate inflammation and immune responses. These mechanisms may partly explain its protective role against infections and exacerbations in COPD and asthma patients. The respiratory mucosa is an important site of local 1,25(OH)2D synthesis, degradation and signaling, a process that can be affected by exposure to inflammatory mediators. As a consequence, mucosal inflammation and other disease-associated factors, as observed in e.g., COPD and asthma, may modulate the protective actions of 1,25(OH)2D. Here, we discuss the potential consequences of various disease-associated processes such as inflammation and exposure to pathogens and inhaled toxicants on vitamin D metabolism and local responses to 1,25(OH)2D in both immune- and epithelial cells. We furthermore discuss potential consequences of disturbed local levels of 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)2D for chronic lung diseases. Additional insight into the relationship between disease-associated mechanisms and local effects of 1,25(OH)2D is expected to contribute to the design of future strategies aimed at improving local levels of 1,25(OH)2D and signaling in chronic inflammatory lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmijn A Schrumpf
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Anne M van der Does
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Pieter S Hiemstra
- Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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19
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Lucia U, Grisolia G, Ponzetto A, Bergandi L, Silvagno F. Thermomagnetic resonance affects cancer growth and motility. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:200299. [PMID: 32874627 PMCID: PMC7428280 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.200299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The fight against a multifaceted incurable disease such as cancer requires a multidisciplinary approach to overcome the multitude of molecular defects at its origin. Here, a new thermophysical biochemical approach has been suggested and associated with the use of electromagnetic fields to control the growth of cancer cells. In particular, thermodynamic analysis of the heat transfer is developed in correlation with cellular parameters such as the volume/area ratio. We propose that the electromagnetic wave, at the specific frequency calculated as the characteristic response time of any cell type to the external thermal perturbation, can affect resonant intracellular molecular oscillations. The biochemical model hypothesizes that microtubules are stabilized, and the impact is predicted on cell growth, migration and mitochondrial activity. Experimental validation of the theoretical results shows that the thermodynamic analysis allows the application of the specific electromagnetic field able to decrease cancer cell invasion and proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Lucia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Giulia Grisolia
- Department of Energy, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy
| | - Antonio Ponzetto
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Corso A.M. Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Loredana Bergandi
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Silvagno
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Author for correspondence: Francesca Silvagno e-mail:
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20
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Slominski AT, Chaiprasongsuk A, Janjetovic Z, Kim TK, Stefan J, Slominski RM, Hanumanthu VS, Raman C, Qayyum S, Song Y, Song Y, Panich U, Crossman DK, Athar M, Holick MF, Jetten AM, Zmijewski MA, Zmijewski J, Tuckey RC. Photoprotective Properties of Vitamin D and Lumisterol Hydroxyderivatives. Cell Biochem Biophys 2020; 78:165-180. [PMID: 32441029 PMCID: PMC7347247 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-020-00913-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We have previously described new pathways of vitamin D3 activation by CYP11A1 to produce a variety of metabolites including 20(OH)D3 and 20,23(OH)2D3. These can be further hydroxylated by CYP27B1 to produce their C1α-hydroxyderivatives. CYP11A1 similarly initiates the metabolism of lumisterol (L3) through sequential hydroxylation of the side chain to produce 20(OH)L3, 22(OH)L3, 20,22(OH)2L3 and 24(OH)L3. CYP11A1 also acts on 7-dehydrocholesterol (7DHC) producing 22(OH)7DHC, 20,22(OH)27DHC and 7-dehydropregnenolone (7DHP) which can be converted to the D3 and L3 configurations following exposure to UVB. These CYP11A1-derived compounds are produced in vivo and are biologically active displaying anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and pro-differentiation properties. Since the protective role of the classical form of vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) against UVB-induced damage is recognized, we recently tested whether novel CYP11A1-derived D3- and L3-hydroxyderivatives protect against UVB-induced damage in epidermal human keratinocytes and melanocytes. We found that along with 1,25(OH)2D3, CYP11A1-derived D3-hydroxyderivatives and L3 and its hydroxyderivatives exert photoprotective effects. These included induction of intracellular free radical scavenging and attenuation and repair of DNA damage. The protection of human keratinocytes against DNA damage included the activation of the NRF2-regulated antioxidant response, p53-phosphorylation and its translocation to the nucleus, and DNA repair induction. These data indicate that novel derivatives of vitamin D3 and lumisterol are promising photoprotective agents. However, detailed mechanisms of action, and the involvement of specific nuclear receptors, other vitamin D binding proteins or mitochondria, remain to be established.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej T Slominski
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA.
- Veteran Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Al, USA.
| | - Anyamanee Chaiprasongsuk
- Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, HRH Princess Chulabhorn College of Medical Science, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Zorica Janjetovic
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Tae-Kang Kim
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Joanna Stefan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Radomir M Slominski
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Vidya Sagar Hanumanthu
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Chander Raman
- Department of Medicine and Microbiology, Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, USA
| | - Shariq Qayyum
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Yuwei Song
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Yuhua Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Uraiwan Panich
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David K Crossman
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | | | - Anton M Jetten
- Cell Biology Section, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | | | - Jaroslaw Zmijewski
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Al, USA
| | - Robert C Tuckey
- School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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21
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Vitamin D in Triple-Negative and BRCA1-Deficient Breast Cancer-Implications for Pathogenesis and Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103670. [PMID: 32456160 PMCID: PMC7279503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several studies show that triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients have the lowest vitamin D concentration among all breast cancer types, suggesting that this vitamin may induce a protective effect against TNBC. This effect of the active metabolite of vitamin D, 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D), can be attributed to its potential to modulate proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, inflammation, angiogenesis, invasion and metastasis and is supported by many in vitro and animal studies, but its exact mechanism is poorly known. In a fraction of TNBCs that harbor mutations that cause the loss of function of the DNA repair-associated breast cancer type 1 susceptibility (BRCA1) gene, 1,25(OH)2D may induce protective effects by activating its receptor and inactivating cathepsin L-mediated degradation of tumor protein P53 binding protein 1 (TP53BP1), preventing deficiency in DNA double-strand break repair and contributing to genome stability. Similar effects can be induced by the interaction of 1,25(OH)2D with proteins of the growth arrest and DNA damage-inducible 45 (GADD45) family. Further studies on TNBC cell lines with exact molecular characteristics and clinical trials with well-defined cases are needed to determine the mechanism of action of vitamin D in TNBC to assess its preventive and therapeutic potential.
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Morphokinetic analysis of cleavage stage embryos and assessment of specific gene expression in cumulus cells independently predict human embryo development to expanded blastocyst: a preliminary study. J Assist Reprod Genet 2020; 37:1409-1420. [PMID: 32436046 PMCID: PMC7311629 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-020-01806-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess whether morphokinetic features at the cleavage stage together with specific gene expression in cumulus cells (CCs) may be used to predict whether human embryos are able to achieve the expanded blastocyst stage on day 5. Eighty-one embryos were cultured using the Geri plus® time-lapse system. Twenty-seven embryos progressing to the expanded blastocyst stage (BL group) were compared with thirty-five embryos showing developmental arrest (AR group) and nineteen reaching the stage of early or not fully expanded blastocyst (nBL group). The analyzed morphokinetic variables were pronuclear appearance (tPNa), pronuclear fading (tPNf), and completion of cleavage to two, three, four, and eight cells (t2, t3, t4, and t8). CCs were analyzed by RT-qPCR for bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15), cytochrome c oxidase subunit II (COXII), ATP synthase subunit 6 (MT-ATP6), connexin 43 (Cx43), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). Embryos of BL group showed a significantly faster kinetic. BMP15, COXII, and MT-ATP6 mRNA expression was significantly higher in CCs of BL group embryos, whereas Cx43 and HO-1 mRNA levels were higher in AR group. Kinetic parameters and gene expression were not significantly different between either the BL and nBL groups or the AR and nBL groups. ROC curves showed that the most predictive cut-offs were t2 < 26.25 for morphokinetics and COXII > 0.3 for gene expression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that morphokinetic variables and gene expression were both valuable, independent predictors of embryo development to expanded blastocyst. Our results suggest the possibility of developing integrated prediction models for early embryo selection at the cleavage stage.
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DpdtC-Induced EMT Inhibition in MGC-803 Cells Was Partly through Ferritinophagy-Mediated ROS/p53 Pathway. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:9762390. [PMID: 32256964 PMCID: PMC7091554 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9762390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a cellular process in which epithelial cells are partially transformed into stromal cells, which endows the polarized epithelium cells more invasive feature and contributes cancer metastasis and drug resistance. Ferritinophagy is an event of ferritin degradation in lysosomes, which contributes Fenton-mediated ROS production. In addition, some studies have shown that ROS participates in EMT process, but the effect of ROS stemmed from ferritin degradation on EMT has not been fully established. A novel iron chelator, DpdtC (2,2'-di-pyridylketone dithiocarbamate), which could induce ferritinophagy in HepG2 cell in our previous study, was used to investigate its effect on EMT in gastric cancer cells. The proliferation assay showed that DpdtC treatment resulted in growth inhibition and morphologic alteration in MGC-803 cell (IC50 = 3.1 ± 0.3 μM), and its action involved ROS production that was due to the occurrence of ferritinophagy. More interestingly, DpdtC could also inhibit EMT, leading to the upregulation of E-cadherin and the downregulation of vimentin; however, the addition of NAC and 3-MA could attenuate (or neutralize) the action of DpdtC on ferritinophagy induction and EMT inhibition, supporting that the enhanced ferritinophagic flux contributed to the EMT inhibition. Since the degradation of ferritin may trigger the production of ROS and induce the response of p53, we next studied the role of p53 in the above two-cell events. As expected, an upregulation of p53 was observed after DpdtC insulting; however, the addition of a p53 inhibitor, PFT-α, could significantly attenuate the action of DpdtC on ferritinophagy induction and EMT inhibition. In addition, autophagy inhibitors or NAC could counteract the effect of DpdtC and restore the level of p53 to the control group, indicating that the upregulation of p53 was caused by ferritinophagy-mediated ROS production. In conclusion, our data demonstrated that the inhibition of EMT induced by DpdtC was realized through ferritinophagy-mediated ROS/p53 pathway, which supported that the activation of ferritinophagic flux was the main driving force in EMT inhibition in gastric cancer cells, and further strengthening the concept that NCOA4 participates in EMT process.
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Bizzarri M, Giuliani A, Cucina A, Minini M. Redifferentiation therapeutic strategies in cancer. Drug Discov Today 2020; 25:731-738. [PMID: 32027971 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The widely recognized problems of pharmacological strategies based on killing cancer cells demand a rethink of therapeutic approaches. Tumor reversion strategies that aim to shift cancer cells to a healthy differentiated state are a promising alternative. Although many studies have firmly demonstrated the possibility of reverting cancer to a normal differentiated state, we are still unable (with the exception of retinoic acid in a form of leukemia) to revert cancer cells to a stable differentiated healthy state. Here, we review the main biological bases of redifferentiation strategies and provide a description of the most promising research avenues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Bizzarri
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Systems Biology Group Lab, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Alessandra Cucina
- Department of Surgery 'Pietro Valdoni', Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Azienda Policlinico Umberto I, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Minini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy; Department of Surgery 'Pietro Valdoni', Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Xu S, Zhang ZH, Fu L, Song J, Xie DD, Yu DX, Xu DX, Sun GP. Calcitriol inhibits migration and invasion of renal cell carcinoma cells by suppressing Smad2/3-, STAT3- and β-catenin-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cancer Sci 2020; 111:59-71. [PMID: 31729097 PMCID: PMC6942435 DOI: 10.1111/cas.14237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low vitamin D status is associated with progression in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The present study found that vimentin, a mesenchymal marker, was accordingly upregulated, and E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, was downregulated in RCC patients with low vitamin D status. Thus, we investigated the effects of calcitriol or vitamin D3, an active form of vitamin D, on epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in RCC cells. RCC cells were treated by two models. In model 1, three RCC cell lines, ACHN, 786-O and CAKI-2, were incubated with either LPS (2.0 μg/mL) or transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 (10 ng/mL) in the presence or absence of calcitriol (200 nmol/L). In model 2, two RCC cell lines, ACHN and CAKI-2, were incubated with calcitriol (200 nmol/L) only. Calcitriol inhibited migration and invasion not only in TGF-β1-stimulated but also in TGF-β1-unstimulated RCC cells. Moreover, calcitriol suppressed E-cadherin downregulation and vimentin upregulation not only in TGF-β1-stimulated but also in TGF-β1-unstimulated ACHN and CAKI-2 cells. Calcitriol attenuated LPS-induced upregulation of MMP-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-26 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) in ACHN cells. In addition, calcitriol blocked TGF-β1-induced nuclear translocation of ZEB1, Snail and Twist1 in ACHN and CAKI-2 cells. Mechanistically, calcitriol suppressed EMT through different signaling pathways: (i) calcitriol suppressed Smad2/3 phosphorylation by reinforcing physical interaction between vitamin D receptor (VDR) and Smad3 in TGF-β1-stimulated RCC cells; (ii) calcitriol inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3 activation in LPS-stimulated RCC cells; (iii) calcitriol inhibited β-catenin/TCF-4 activation by promoting integration of VDR with β-catenin in TGF-β1-unstimulated RCC cells. Taken together, calcitriol inhibits migration and invasion of RCC cells partially by suppressing Smad2/3-, STAT3- and β-catenin-mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Xu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Fu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Jin Song
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Dong-Dong Xie
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xin Yu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Guo-Ping Sun
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Gesmundo I, Silvagno F, Banfi D, Monica V, Fanciulli A, Gamba G, Congiusta N, Libener R, Riganti C, Ghigo E, Granata R. Calcitriol Inhibits Viability and Proliferation in Human Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:559586. [PMID: 33133014 PMCID: PMC7579995 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.559586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and aggressive tumor, often associated with exposure to asbestos and characterized by poor prognosis and limited treatment options. The biologically active form of vitamin D, calcitriol, exerts anticancer effects in many cell types, both alone and in combination with chemotherapy drugs, through binding to vitamin D receptor (VDR); however, the role of calcitriol in MPM is still unknown. This study aimed to determine the potential antitumor role of calcitriol in MPM. The results showed that calcitriol reduces cell viability and proliferation in human MPM cells lines, which express both cytoplasmic and nuclear VDR; furthermore, calcitriol potentiated the inhibitory activity of the chemotherapy drug PEM. These effects were paralleled by cell cycle arrest and inhibition in expression of c-Myc and cyclins involved in cell cycle progression. Exposure of MPM cells to calcitriol also produced an alteration in mitochondrial function and inhibition in the expression of respiratory chain complex subunits. Finally, the inhibitory effects of calcitriol were also observed on viability of human primary MPM cells. Collectively, these results indicate a novel anticancer role for calcitriol in MPM, suggesting potential for vitamin D derivatives, alone or in combination with chemotherapy, in the treatment of this malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Gesmundo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | | | - Dana Banfi
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Monica
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-Fondazione del Piemonte per l'Oncologia (FPO) Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Candiolo, Italy
| | - Alessandro Fanciulli
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Giacomo Gamba
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Noemi Congiusta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Roberta Libener
- Pathology Unit, SS. Antonio e Biagio General Hospital, Alessandria, Italy
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Department of Oncology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ezio Ghigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Riccarda Granata
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
- *Correspondence: Riccarda Granata
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Li SR, Tan ZX, Chen YH, Hu B, Zhang C, Wang H, Zhao H, Xu DX. Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis partially through aggravating TGF-β/Smad2/3-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Respir Res 2019; 20:266. [PMID: 31775746 PMCID: PMC6882226 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Our earlier report indicated that active vitamin D3 inhibited epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis. The objective of this study was to further investigate whether vitamin D deficiency exacerbates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Methods This study consists of two independent experiments. Experiment 1, male mice were fed with vitamin D deficient (VDD) fodder. Experiment 2, Cyp27b1+/+, Cyp27b1+/− and Cyp27b1−/− mice were fed with standard diet. For pulmonary fibrosis, mice were intratracheally instilled with a single dose of BLM (1.5 mg/kg). Serum 25(OH) D level was measured. Pulmonary collagen deposition was assessed by Sirius red staining. EMT was measured and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β)/Smad3 signaling was evaluated in the lungs of BLM-treated mice. Results The relative weight of lungs was elevated in BLM-treated mice. Col1α1 and Col1α2, two collagen protein genes, were upregulated, and collagen deposition, as determined by Sirius red staining, was observed in the lungs of BLM-treated mice. E-cadherin, an epithelial marker, was downregulated. By contrast, vimentin and α-SMA, two EMT markers, were upregulated in the lungs of BLM-treated mice. Pulmonary TGF-β/Smad3 signaling was activated in BLM-induced lung fibrosis. Further analysis showed that feeding VDD diet, leading to vitamin D deficiency, aggravated elevation of BLM-induced relative lung weight. Moreover, feeding VDD diet aggravated BLM-induced TGF-β/Smad3 activation and subsequent EMT in the lungs. In addition, feeding VDD diet exacerbated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Additional experiment showed that Cyp27b1 gene knockout, leading to active vitamin D3 deficiency, exacerbated BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Moreover, Cyp27b1 gene knockout aggravated pulmonary TGF-β/Smad2/3 activation and subsequent EMT in BLM-induced lung fibrosis. Conclusion Vitamin D deficiency exacerbates BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis partially through aggravating TGF-β/Smad2/3-mediated EMT in the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Ruo Li
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Zhu-Xia Tan
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Yuan-Hua Chen
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Biao Hu
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - De-Xiang Xu
- Department of Toxicology, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, 230032, China.
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Huang D, Lei S, Wu Y, Weng M, Zhou Y, Xu J, Xia D, Xu E, Lai M, Zhang H. Additively protective effects of vitamin D and calcium against colorectal adenoma incidence, malignant transformation and progression: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Nutr 2019; 39:2525-2538. [PMID: 31784301 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2019.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Revised: 10/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits a linear progression from normal colonic epithelium, adenoma initiation, carcinoma transformation and even to metastasis. Diet changes might influence carcinogenesis and prognosis. We aimed to determine the effects of vitamin D and calcium on colorectal adenoma incidence, malignancy development and prognosis. METHODS Systematic literature searches (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases) and hand searches were performed by September 30, 2019. A random-effects model was adopted to pool relative ratios (RRs) for colorectal tumour incidence or hazard ratios (HRs) for CRC mortality. Stratified analyses were performed by gender, tumour location, calcium intake level and ethnic group. RESULTS Total 854,195 cases from 166 studies were included. The colorectal adenoma incidence was inversely correlated with the circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] level (RR: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.71-0.89), vitamin D intake (RR: 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82-0.92) and calcium intake (RR: 0.86, 95% CI: 0.81-0.91). The CRC incidence was decreased by circulating 25(OH)D (RR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.59-0.77), vitamin D intake (RR: 0.85, 95% CI: 0.78-0.93) and calcium intake (RR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.70-0.79). High-level circulating 25(OH)D triggered better overall survival (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.57-0.79) and CRC-specific survival (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.53-0.74). Stratified analyses showed that vitamin D and calcium significantly suppressed colorectal tumour incidence among women. Left-sided CRC risk was reversely related to circulating 25(OH)D (RR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.41-0.88) and vitamin D intake (RR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.57-0.93). Circulating 25(OH)D decreased colorectal adenoma (RR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48-0.82) and CRC (RR: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.56-0.86) risk in populations with higher calcium intake. European and American populations benefited more from vitamin D intake against colorectal tumour. A significant dose-response relationship was observed between intake of vitamin D or calcium and colorectal tumour incidence. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin D and calcium play additively chemopreventive roles in colorectal adenoma incidence, malignant transformation and progression, especially for women and left-sided CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongdong Huang
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Siqin Lei
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yihua Wu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Menghan Weng
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310003, China
| | - Yuwei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dajing Xia
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Enping Xu
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Chang LC, Sun HL, Tsai CH, Kuo CW, Liu KL, Lii CK, Huang CS, Li CC. 1,25(OH) 2 D 3 attenuates indoxyl sulfate-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal cell transition via inactivation of PI3K/Akt/β-catenin signaling in renal tubular epithelial cells. Nutrition 2019; 69:110554. [PMID: 31536856 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.110554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a uremic toxin, has been shown to promote the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human proximal tubular cells and to accelerate the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the well-known protective role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 [1,25(OH)2 D3] in EMT, the effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on IS-induced EMT in human proximal tubular epithelial cells and the underlying mechanism remain unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether IS (0-1 mM) dose-dependently inhibited the protein expression of E-cadherin and increased the protein expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin, N-cadherin, and fibronectin. METHODS This study investigated the molecular mechanism by which 1,25(OH)2 D3 attenuates IS-induced EMT. HK-2 human renal tubular epithelial cells was used as the study model, and the MTT assay, Western Blotting, siRNA knockdown technique were used to explore the effects of 1,25(OH)2 D3 on EMT in the presence of IS. RESULTS Pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3 inhibited the IS-induced EMT-associated protein expression in HK-2 cells. IS induced the phosphorylation of Akt (S473) and β-catenin (S552) and subsequently increased the nuclear accumulation of β-catenin. Pretreatment with 1,25(OH)2 D3 and LY294002 (phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PIK3] inhibitor) significantly inhibited the IS-induced phosphorylation of Akt and β-catenin, nuclear β-catenin accumulation, and EMT-associated protein expression. CONCLUSIONS Results from the present study revealed that the anti-EMT effect of 1,25(OH)2 D3 is likely through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/β-catenin pathway, which leads to down-regulation of IS-driven EMT-associated protein expression in HK-2 human renal tubular epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Chien Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Lun Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Han Tsai
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Kuo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Li Liu
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Shiu Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Chun Li
- Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Nutrition, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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30
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Ferritinophagic Flux Activation in CT26 Cells Contributed to EMT Inhibition Induced by a Novel Iron Chelator, DpdtpA. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8753413. [PMID: 31320987 PMCID: PMC6610730 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8753413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to metastasis and drug resistance; inhibition of EMT may attenuate metastasis and drug resistance. It has been demonstrated that ferritinophagy involves the process of many diseases; however, the relationship between EMT and ferritinophagy was not fully established. Some iron chelators show the ability to inhibit EMT, but whether ferritinophagy plays a role in EMT is largely unknown. To this end, we investigated the effect of a novel iron chelator, DpdtpA (2,2 ′-di-pyridylketone dithiocarbamate propionic acid), on EMT in the CT26 cell line. The DpdtpA displayed excellent antitumor (IC50 = 1.5 ± 0.2 μM), leading to ROS production and apoptosis occurrence. Moreover, the ROS production correlated with ferritin degradation. The upregulation of LC3-II and NCOA4 from immunofluorescence and Western blotting analysis revealed that the occurrence of ferritinophagy contributed to ROS production. Furthermore, DpdtpA could induce an alteration both in morphology and in epithelial-mesenchymal markers, displaying significant EMT inhibition. The correlation analysis revealed that DpdtpA-induced ferritinophagy contributed to the EMT inhibition, implying that NCOA4 involved EMT process, which was firstly reported. To reinforce this concept, the ferritinophagic flux (NCOA4/ferritin) in either treated by TGF-β1 or combined with DpdtpA was determined. The results indicated that activating ferritinophagic flux would enhance ROS production which accordingly suppressed EMT or implementing the EMT suppression seemed to be through “fighting fire with fire” strategy. Taken together, our data demonstrated that ferritinophagic flux was a dominating driving force in EMT proceeding, and the new finding definitely will enrich our knowledge of ferritinophagy in EMT process.
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Feng YL, Chen DQ, Vaziri ND, Guo Y, Zhao YY. Small molecule inhibitors of epithelial-mesenchymal transition for the treatment of cancer and fibrosis. Med Res Rev 2019; 40:54-78. [PMID: 31131921 DOI: 10.1002/med.21596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue fibrosis and cancer both lead to high morbidity and mortality worldwide; thus, effective therapeutic strategies are urgently needed. Because drug resistance has been widely reported in fibrotic tissue and cancer, developing a strategy to discover novel targets for targeted drug intervention is necessary for the effective treatment of fibrosis and cancer. Although many factors lead to fibrosis and cancer, pathophysiological analysis has demonstrated that tissue fibrosis and cancer share a common process of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is associated with many mediators, including transcription factors (Snail, zinc-finger E-box-binding protein and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), signaling pathways (transforming growth factor-β1, RAC-α serine/threonine-protein kinase, Wnt, nuclear factor-kappa B, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor, Notch, and RAS), RNA-binding proteins (ESRP1 and ESRP2) and microRNAs. Therefore, drugs targeting EMT may be a promising therapy against both fibrosis and tumors. A large number of compounds that are synthesized or derived from natural products and their derivatives suppress the EMT by targeting these mediators in fibrosis and cancer. By targeting EMT, these compounds exhibited anticancer effects in multiple cancer types, and some of them also showed antifibrotic effects. Therefore, drugs targeting EMT not only have both antifibrotic and anticancer effects but also exert effective therapeutic effects on multiorgan fibrosis and cancer, which provides effective therapy against fibrosis and cancer. Taken together, the results highlighted in this review provide new concepts for discovering new antifibrotic and antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Long Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan-Qian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nosratola D Vaziri
- Department of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Ying-Yong Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Life Science & Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
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