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Chen J, Zhang J, Cai L, Guo L, Cai Z, Han H, Zhang W. Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol Induces Multiple Cell Death in A549 Cells via ER Stress and Autophagy Activation. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:174. [PMID: 38667791 PMCID: PMC11051220 DOI: 10.3390/md22040174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (CT) and its analogues are abundant in natural sources and are reported to demonstrate cytotoxicity toward different kinds of tumor cells without a deep probe into their mechanism of action. CT is also one of the major metabolic oxysterols of cholesterol in mammals and is found to accumulate in various diseases. An extensive exploration of the biological roles of CT over the past few decades has established its identity as an apoptosis inducer. In this study, the effects of CT on A549 cell death were investigated through cell viability assays. RNA-sequencing analysis and western blot of CT-treated A549 cells revealed the role of CT in inducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and enhancing autophagy flux, suggesting a putative mechanism of CT-induced cell-death activation involving reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated ER stress and autophagy. It is reported for the first time that the upregulation of autophagy induced by CT can serve as a cellular cytotoxicity response in accelerating CT-induced cell death in A549 cells. This research provides evidence for the effect of CT as an oxysterol in cell response to oxidative damage and allows for a deep understanding of cholesterol in its response in an oxidative stress environment that commonly occurs in the progression of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Chen
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lijuan Cai
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Cai
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Hua Han
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tongji University, 1239 Si-Ping Road, Shanghai 200092, China
- Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicine, Peking University, 56 Kang-Da Road, Ningbo 315832, China
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Decker NS, Johnson T, Le Cornet C, Behrens S, Obi N, Kaaks R, Chang-Claude J, Fortner RT. Associations between lifestyle, health, and clinical characteristics and circulating oxysterols and cholesterol precursors in women diagnosed with breast cancer: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4977. [PMID: 38424253 PMCID: PMC10904394 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55316-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite increasing evidence that cholesterol precursors and oxysterols, oxidized cholesterol metabolites, play a role in numerous pathological processes and diseases including breast cancer, little is known about correlates of these sterols in women with breast cancer. In this study, 2282 women with breast cancer and blood draw post diagnosis were included and cross-sectional associations between circulating levels of 15 sterols/oxysterols and (a) lifestyle, anthropometric, reproductive characteristics, (b) comorbidities and medication use, and (c) breast cancer tumor and treatment characteristics were calculated using generalized linear models. Obesity was strongly associated with circulating levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol (DC) (body mass index ≥ 30 vs. 18.5-24.9 kg/m2: 51.7% difference) and 7-ketocholesterol (KC) (40.0% difference). After adjustment for BMI, comorbidities such as cardiovascular disease were associated with higher levels of 7-DC (26.1% difference) and lower levels of desmosterol (- 16.4% difference). Breast cancer tumor characteristics including hormone receptor status, tumor stage, and endocrine therapy were associated with lanosterol, 24-DHLan, 7b-HC, and THC (e.g., THC; tumor stage IIIa vs. I: 36.9% difference). Weaker associations were observed for lifestyle characteristics and for any of the other oxysterols. The findings of this study suggest that cholesterol precursors are strongly associated with metabolic factors, while oxysterols are associated with breast cancer tumor characteristics, warranting further investigation into the role of cholesterol precursors and oxysterols in women with breast cancer and other populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sophia Decker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renée Turzanski Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway.
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Ortiz A, Stavrou A, Liu S, Chen D, Shen SS, Jin C. NUPR1 packaged in extracellular vesicles promotes murine triple-negative breast cancer in a type 1 interferon-independent manner. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 5:19-36. [PMID: 38405101 PMCID: PMC10887431 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study aims to elucidate the involvement of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)-derived extracellular vesicles in metastasis. The loss of components in the type 1 interferon (IFN1) signaling pathway has been linked to the promotion of metastasis. However, IFN1 signaling induces immunological dormancy and promotes tumorigenesis. Our hypothesis was that TNBC cells release tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEVs) that promote metastasis in an IFN1-independent manner. Methods Two murine TNBC models and transgenic mice were used to examine the role of IFN1 in TNBC progression to metastasis. Reserpine was employed to determine the effect of TEV education on TNBC progression and overall survival. EVs from cancer cells treated with vehicle and reserpine and from the serum of tumor-bearing mice receiving reserpine were examined to determine changes in EV release and EV content. Results TNBC cells progress to metastasis in mice lacking the IFN1-induced gene cholesterol-25 hydroxylase (CH25H) or expressing the IFNAR1S526 knock-in that cannot be downregulated. Reserpine suppresses EV release from TNBC cells in vitro and in vivo. Western blot analysis demonstrated reserpine decreased NUPR1 protein levels in EVs. RNAseq analysis demonstrated that endothelial cells lacking CH25H treated with TEVs exhibited increased NUPR1 expression that was decreased by adding reserpine with the TEVs. NUPR1 overexpression upregulated genes that mediate TEV biogenesis and incorporation. Knockdown of NUPR1 with shRNA decreased the release of TEVs. Conclusion In conclusion, our study suggests that TNBC is driven by aberrant packaging of NUPR1 into TEVs which were transferred into recipient cells to activate pro-metastatic transcription driven by NUPR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Ortiz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
- Department of Biomedical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Aikaterini Stavrou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Shan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Danqi Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
| | - Steven S. Shen
- Clinical Translational Science Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Chunyuan Jin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY 10010, USA
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4
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Olkkonen VM, Gylling H. Oxy- and Phytosterols as Biomarkers: Current Status and Future Perspectives. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:353-375. [PMID: 38036889 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols and phytosterols are sterol compounds present at markedly low levels in tissues and serum of healthy individuals. A wealth of evidence suggests that they could be employed as biomarkers for human diseases or for cholesterol absorption.An increasing number of reports suggest circulating or tissue oxysterols as putative biomarkers for cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases or cancers. Thus far most of the studies have been carried out on small study populations. To achieve routine biomarker use, large prospective cohort studies are absolutely required. This, again, would necessitate thorough standardization of the oxysterol analytical methodology across the different laboratories, which now employ different technologies resulting in inconsistencies in the measured oxysterol levels. Routine use of oxysterol biomarkers would also necessitate the development of a new targeted analytical methodology suitable for high-throughput platforms.The most important use of phytosterols as biomarkers involves their use as markers for cholesterol absorption. For this to be achieved, (1) their quantitative analyses should be available in routine lipid laboratories, (2) it should be generally acknowledgment that the profile of cholesterol metabolism can reveal the risk of the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD), and (3) screening of the profile of cholesterol metabolism should be included in the ASCVD risk surveys. This should be done e.g. in families with a history of early onset or frequent ASCVD and in young adults aged 18-20 years, to exclude the presence of high cholesterol absorption. Individuals in high cholesterol absorption families need preventive measures from young adulthood to inhibit the possible development and progression of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesa M Olkkonen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Helena Gylling
- Heart and Lung Center, Cardiology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Vigne S, Pot C. Implication of Oxysterols and Phytosterols in Aging and Human Diseases. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1440:231-260. [PMID: 38036883 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-43883-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is easily oxidized and can be transformed into numerous oxidation products, among which oxysterols. Phytosterols are plant sterols related to cholesterol. Both oxysterols and phytosterols can have an impact on human health and diseases.Cholesterol is a member of the sterol family that plays essential roles in biological processes, including cell membrane stability and myelin formation. Cholesterol can be metabolized into several molecules including bile acids, hormones, and oxysterols. On the other hand, phytosterols are plant-derived compounds structurally related to cholesterol, which can also have an impact on human health. Here, we review the current knowledge about the role of oxysterols and phytosterols on human health and focus on the impact of their pathways on diseases of the central nervous system (CNS), autoimmune diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), vascular diseases, and cancer in both experimental models and human studies. We will first discuss the implications of oxysterols and then of phytosterols in different human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solenne Vigne
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Caroline Pot
- Laboratories of Neuroimmunology, Service of Neurology and Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Decker NS, Johnson T, Vey JA, Le Cornet C, Behrens S, Obi N, Kaaks R, Chang-Claude J, Fortner RT. Circulating oxysterols and prognosis among women with a breast cancer diagnosis: results from the MARIE patient cohort. BMC Med 2023; 21:438. [PMID: 37964298 PMCID: PMC10648629 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03152-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide, and underlying mechanistic pathways associated with breast cancer-specific and non-breast cancer-related deaths are of importance. Emerging evidence suggests a role of oxysterols, derivates of cholesterol, in multiple chronic diseases including breast cancer and coronary artery diseases. However, associations between oxysterols and survival have been minimally studied in women diagnosed with breast cancer. In this large breast cancer patient cohort, we evaluated associations between a panel of circulating oxysterols and mortality and recurrence outcomes. METHODS Concentrations of 13 circulating oxysterols representing different pathways of cholesterol metabolism were quantified using liquid-chromatography mass-spectrometry. Associations between baseline levels of oxysterols and cause-specific mortality outcomes and recurrence following a breast cancer diagnosis were assessed in 2282 women from the MARIE study over a median follow-up time of 11 years. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) using multivariable Cox proportional hazard models and competing risks models. RESULTS We observed no associations for circulating oxysterols and breast cancer-specific outcomes. Higher levels of six oxysterols were associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease death, including 24S-hydroxycholesterol (alternative bile acid pathway, HRlog2 = 1.73 (1.02, 2.93)), lanosterol (cholesterol biosynthesis pathway, HRlog2 = 1.95 (1.34, 2.83)), 7-ketocholesterol (HRlog2 = 1.26 (1.03, 1.55)), 5α,6α-epoxycholesterol (HRlog2 = 1.34 (1.02-1.77)), and 5a,6β-dihydroxycholestanol (HRlog2 = 1.34 (1.03, 1.76)). After adjusting for multiple comparisons, none of the associations were statistically significant. CONCLUSION We provide first evidence on a range of circulating oxysterols and mortality following a breast cancer diagnosis, contributing to a better understanding of associations between different pathways of cholesterol metabolism and prognosis in women with a breast cancer diagnosis. The findings of this study suggest circulating oxysterols may be associated with cardiovascular mortality among women diagnosed with breast cancer. Further studies are needed to evaluate these oxysterols as potential markers of risk for cardiovascular mortality among women with a breast cancer diagnosis as well as their clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sophia Decker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes A Vey
- Institute of Medical Biometry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Charlotte Le Cornet
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renée Turzanski Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Ullernchausseen 64, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
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de Médina P, Ayadi S, Soulès R, Payre B, Rup-Jacques S, Silvente-Poirot S, Samadi M, Poirot M. Chemical synthesis and biochemical properties of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3-sulfonate: A non-hydrolysable analogue of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-sulfate. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106396. [PMID: 37683773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol (CT) is a primary metabolite of 5,6-epoxycholesterols (5,6-EC) that is catalyzed by the cholesterol-5,6-epoxide hydrolase (ChEH). CT is a well-known biomarker for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NP-C), a progressive inherited neurodegenerative disease. On the other hand, CT is known to be metabolized by the 11β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase of type 2 (11β-HSD2) into a tumor promoter named oncosterone that stimulates the growth of breast cancer tumors. Sulfation is a major metabolic transformation leading to the production of sulfated oxysterols. The production of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-O-sulfate (CDS) has been reported in breast cancer cells. However, no data related to CDS biological properties have been reported so far. These studies have been hampered because sulfate esters of sterols and steroids are rapidly hydrolyzed by steroid sulfatase to give free steroids and sterols. In order to get insight into the biological properties of CDS, we report herein the synthesis and the characterization of cholestane-5α,6β-diol-3β-sulfonate (CDSN), a non-hydrolysable analogue of CDS. We show that CDSN is a potent inhibitor of 11β-HSD2 that blocks oncosterone production on cell lysate. The inhibition of oncosterone biosynthesis of a whole cell assay was observed but results from the blockage by CDSN of the uptake of CT in MCF-7 cells. While CDSN inhibits MCF-7 cell proliferation, we found that it potentiates the cytotoxic activity of post-lanosterol cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors such as tamoxifen and PBPE. This effect was associated with an increase of free sterols accumulation and the appearance of giant multilamellar bodies, a structural feature reminiscent of Type C Niemann-Pick disease cells and consistent with a possible inhibition by CDSN of NPC1. Altogether, our data showed that CDSN is biologically active and that it is a valuable tool to study the biological properties of CDS and more specifically its impact on immunity and viral infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe de Médina
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
| | - Silia Ayadi
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Régis Soulès
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France
| | - Bruno Payre
- Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, Faculté de Médecine Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Rup-Jacques
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
| | - Mohammad Samadi
- Laboratory of Chemistry and Physics Multi-Scale Approach to Complex Environments, Department of Chemistry, University Lorraine, 57070 Metz, France.
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV: Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations, Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France; French network for Nutrition physical Acitivity And Cancer Research (NACRe network), France.
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Roumain M, Guillemot-Legris O, Ameraoui H, Alhouayek M, Muccioli GG. Identification and in vivo detection of side-chain hydroxylated metabolites of 4β-hydroxycholesterol. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 234:106376. [PMID: 37604319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol that are formed by enzymatic processes or through the action of reactive oxygen species. Several of these bioactive lipids have been shown to be affected and/or play a role in inflammatory processes. 4β-hydroxycholesterol is one of the major oxysterols in mice and humans and its levels are affected by inflammatory diseases. However, apart from its long half-life, little is known about its catabolism. By incubating 4β-hydroxycholesterol with mouse mitochondria-enriched liver fractions, as well as 25-hydroxycholesterol and 27-hydroxycholesterol with recombinant CYP3A4, we identified 4β,25-dihydroxycholesterol and 4β,27-dihydroxycholesterol as 4β-hydroxycholesterol metabolites. Supporting the biological relevance of this metabolism, we detected both metabolites after incubation of J774, primary mouse peritoneal macrophages and PMA-differentiated THP-1 cells with 4β-hydroxycholesterol. Across our experiments, the incubation of cells with lipopolysaccharides differentially affected the levels of the 25- and 27-hydroxylated metabolites of 4β-hydroxycholesterol. Finally, 4β,27-dihydroxycholesterol was also detected in mice liver and plasma after intraperitoneal administration of 4β-hydroxycholesterol. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the in vitro and in vivo detection and quantification of 4β-hydroxycholesterol metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Roumain
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium
| | - Hafsa Ameraoui
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Belgium.
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9
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Spalenkova A, Ehrlichova M, Wei S, Peter Guengerich F, Soucek P. Effects of 7-ketocholesterol on tamoxifen efficacy in breast carcinoma cell line models in vitro. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106354. [PMID: 37343688 PMCID: PMC10529436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Oxysterols play significant roles in many physiological and pathological processes including cancer. They modulate some of the cancer hallmarks pathways, influence the efficacy of anti-cancer drugs, and associate with patient survival. In this study, we aimed to analyze the role of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) in breast carcinoma cells and its potential modulation of the tamoxifen effect. 7-KC effects were studied in two estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7 and T47D) and one ER-negative (BT-20) breast cancer cell lines. First, we tested the viability of cells in the presence of 7-KC. Next, we co-incubated cells with tamoxifen and sublethal concentrations of 7-KC. We also tested changes in caspase 3/7 activity, deregulation of the cell cycle, and changes in expression of selected genes/proteins in the presence of tamoxifen, 7-KC, or their combination. Finally, we analyzed the effect of 7-KC on cellular migration and invasion. We found that the presence of 7-KC slightly decreases the efficacy of tamoxifen in MCF-7 cells, while an increased effect of tamoxifen and higher caspase 3/7 activity was observed in the BT-20 cell line. In the T47D cell line, we did not find any modulation of tamoxifen efficacy by the presence of 7-KC. Expression analysis showed the deregulation in CYP1A1 and CYP1B1 with the opposite trend in MCF-7 and BT-20 cells. Moreover, 7-KC increased cellular migration and invasion potential regardless of the ER status. This study shows that 7-KC can modulate tamoxifen efficacy as well as cellular migration and invasion, making 7-KC a promising candidate for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Spalenkova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague 100 42, Czech Republic; Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague 100 00, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Ehrlichova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague 100 42, Czech Republic
| | - Shouzou Wei
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague 100 42, Czech Republic.
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10
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Ben Hassen C, Goupille C, Vigor C, Durand T, Guéraud F, Silvente-Poirot S, Poirot M, Frank PG. Is cholesterol a risk factor for breast cancer incidence and outcome? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 232:106346. [PMID: 37321513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2023.106346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays important roles in many physiological processes, including cell membrane structure and function, hormone synthesis, and the regulation of cellular homeostasis. The role of cholesterol in breast cancer is complex, and some studies have suggested that elevated cholesterol levels may be associated with an increased risk of developing breast cancer, while others have found no significant association. On the other hand, other studies have shown that, for total cholesterol and plasma HDL-associated cholesterol levels, there was inverse association with breast cancer risk. One possible mechanism by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk is as a key precursor of estrogen. Other potential mechanisms by which cholesterol may contribute to breast cancer risk include its role in inflammation and oxidative stress, which have been linked to cancer progression. Cholesterol has also been shown to play a role in signaling pathways regulating the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. In addition, recent studies have shown that cholesterol metabolism can generate tumor promoters such as cholesteryl esters, oncosterone, 27-hydroxycholesterol but also tumor suppressor metabolites such as dendrogenin A. This review summarizes some of the most important clinical studies that have evaluated the role of cholesterol or its derivatives in breast cancer. It also addresses the role of cholesterol and its derivatives at the cellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; Department of Gynecology, CHRU Hôpital Bretonneau, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours, France
| | - Claire Vigor
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Thierry Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, Pôle Chimie Balard Recherche, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 CEDEX 5 Montpellier, France
| | - Françoise Guéraud
- INRAE, Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, Toulouse, France
| | - Sandrine Silvente-Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Marc Poirot
- Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Inserm, CNRS, University of Toulouse, Team INOV:"Cholesterol Metabolism and Therapeutic Innovations", Toulouse, France; Equipe labellisée par la Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, France
| | - Philippe G Frank
- INSERM N2C UMR1069, University of Tours, 37032 Tours, France; SGS Health and Nutrition, Saint Benoît, France.
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11
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Decker NS, Johnson T, Behrens S, Obi N, Kaaks R, Chang-Claude J, Fortner RT. Endogenous estrogen receptor modulating oxysterols and breast cancer prognosis: Results from the MARIE patient cohort. Br J Cancer 2023; 129:492-502. [PMID: 37355720 PMCID: PMC10403581 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-023-02315-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 27-hydroxycholesterol (HC) and 25-HC were identified as endogenous selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and estrogen receptor (ER) modulators, respectively. They are hypothesized to play a role in multiple physiologic processes and pathologies, including breast cancer development and progression. METHODS We evaluated circulating 27-HC and 25-HC, and outcomes following a breast cancer diagnosis in 2282 women from the MARIE study over median follow-up of 11.6 years. 27-HC and 25-HC were quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. We calculated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals [CI] using multivariable Cox Proportional Hazards regression. RESULTS We observed no associations between 27-HC and breast cancer prognosis overall. Associations between 27-HC and survival differed by circulating estradiol concentrations and endocrine therapy, but not by hormone receptor status. Among women with estradiol levels below the median (0.08 nM), 27-HC was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality (HRlog2 = 1.80 [1.20-2.71]) and breast cancer-specific mortality (HRlog2 = 1.95 [1.14-3.31]). No associations were observed in women with estradiol levels above the median. Higher 25-HC levels were associated with lower risk of recurrence (HRlog2 = 0.87 [0.77-0.98]). CONCLUSION Associations between 27-HC and breast cancer prognosis varied by circulating estradiol levels and endocrine therapy. Less consistent results were observed for 25-HC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sophia Decker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- Medical Faculty Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renée Turzanski Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Ullernchausseen 64, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
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12
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Zipinotti Dos Santos D, de Souza JC, Pimenta TM, da Silva Martins B, Junior RSR, Butzene SMS, Tessarolo NG, Cilas PML, Silva IV, Rangel LBA. The impact of lipid metabolism on breast cancer: a review about its role in tumorigenesis and immune escape. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:161. [PMID: 37370164 PMCID: PMC10304265 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is the second most frequent type of cancer in the world and most common among women, configuring a major challenge to global health. BC is a complex and heterogeneous disease that can be subdivided into distinct tumor types based on the expression of molecular markers predicting patient outcomes and response to therapy. A growing number of studies have tried to expand the known markers by investigating the association of altered lipid metabolism with BC immune escape, progression, and metastasis. In this review, we describe the metabolic peculiarities of each BC subtype, understanding how this influences its aggressiveness and identifying whether these intrinsic vulnerabilities of each subtype can play a role in therapeutic management and may affect immune system cells in the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION The evidence suggests so far that when changes occur in lipid pathways, it can affect the availability of structural lipids for membrane synthesis, lipid synthesis, and degradation that contribute to energy homeostasis and cell signaling functions. These findings will guide the next steps on the path to understanding the mechanisms underlying how lipids alterations are related to disparities in chemotherapeutic response and immune escape in BC. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diandra Zipinotti Dos Santos
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria (Espírito Santo), Brazil.
| | - Josiany Carlos de Souza
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria (Espírito Santo), Brazil
| | - Tatiana Massariol Pimenta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil
| | - Bárbara da Silva Martins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil
| | - Roberto Silva Ribeiro Junior
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil
| | - Solenny Maria Silva Butzene
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil
| | - Nayara Gusmão Tessarolo
- Viral Vector Laboratory, Center for Translational Investigation in Oncology, Cancer Institute of São Paulo/LIM24, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, (São Paulo), Brazil
| | | | - Ian Victor Silva
- Department of Morphology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Espirito Santo, Brazil
| | - Leticia B A Rangel
- Biotechnology Program/RENORBIO, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitoria (Espírito Santo), Brazil.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Marechal Campos Avenue, MaruípeEspírito Santo, Vitória, 1468, Brazil.
- Biochemistry Program, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, Brazil.
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13
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Decker NS, Johnson T, Behrens S, Obi N, Kaaks R, Chang-Claude J, Fortner RT. Association of circulating free and total oxysterols in breast cancer patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:285-293. [PMID: 36342239 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Oxysterols, a family of oxidized cholesterol derivates, are of increasing interest due to their role in cancer development and progression. Some oxysterols are estrogen receptor modulators and thus of particular interest in breast cancer research. In human studies, two forms of circulating oxysterols are commonly evaluated: "free" (unesterified) and "total" (esterified and unesterified). However, associations between free and total oxysterols are not well established. We addressed this knowledge gap in a pilot study by evaluating correlations between the free and the total form of each of the circulating oxysterols (free vs. total), and pairwise associations within the panel of total oxysterols (total vs. total) and the panel of free oxysterols (free vs. free). METHODS Concentrations of oxysterols and other non-cholesterol sterols were quantified in blood samples of 27 breast cancer patients from the MARIE breast cancer patient cohort using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. We used Spearman rank correlations to assess associations. Overall, 12 oxysterols (including 27-hydroxycholesterol (HC), 25-HC, 24S-HC, 7a-HC, 5a6a-epoxycholesterol) and five sterols (including lanosterol and desmosterol) were analyzed. RESULTS Strong correlations (r≥0.82) were observed for seven circulating free and total oxysterols/sterols. The free and total form of 27-HC (r=0.63), 25-HC (r=0.54), and two more oxysterols were weaker correlated. Correlation patterns in the panel of total oxysterols/sterols and the panel of free oxysterols/sterols were similar. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that concentrations of most free and total oxysterols/sterols are strongly correlated. We provide further insight into the interrelationships between oxysterols in breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Sophia Decker
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Theron Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nadia Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Renée Turzanski Fortner
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
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14
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Messedi M, Guidara W, Grayaa S, Khrouf W, Snoussi M, Bahloul Z, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Lamari F, Ayadi F. Selected plasma oxysterols as a potential multi-marker biosignature panel for Behçet's Disease. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106122. [PMID: 35588947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Clinical, genetic, and medical evidence has shown the inflammatory vasculitis aspect of Behçet's Disease (BD). Whereas oxysterols are vital factors in inflammation and oxidative stress, it is still unknown whether they are involved in the pathophysiology of BD. The current study aims to explore the profile of oxysterols in plasma of BD patients. Thirty patients diagnosed with BD and forty healthy controls matched for age and gender were included. Results showed that the cholestane-3β,5α,6β-triol, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27-OHC) and cholestanol levels were higher in BD than controls. In addition, plasma levels of 7-ketocholesterol (7-KC) and 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC) were lower in BD patient. However, levels of 24S-hydroxycholesterol (24-OHC) did not significantly differ. For BD patients, the plasma 7-KC level was negatively correlated with the BD activity index (BDAI) while 27-OHC was positively correlated with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in patients with active course of the disease. According to ROC analysis, a remarkable increase in the area under the curve (AUC) with a higher sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) for 7-KC, 25-OHC and 27-OHC combined markers was observed. The present study indicated that the identification of the predictive value of these three-selected biomarkers related to oxidative stress and inflammation in patients should lead to a better identification of the etiological mechanism of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meriam Messedi
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Wassim Guidara
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sahar Grayaa
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Walid Khrouf
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Mouna Snoussi
- Internal medicine department, Hedi Chaker Hosptital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Zouhir Bahloul
- Internal medicine department, Hedi Chaker Hosptital, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Dominique Bonnefont-Rousselot
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, Paris F-75013, France; Université de Paris, CNRS, Inserm, UTCBS, Paris F-75006, France
| | - Foudil Lamari
- Service de Biochimie Métabolique, AP-HP.Sorbonne Université, Hôpitaux Universitaires Pitié-Salpêtrière-Charles Foix, DMU BioGeM, Paris F-75013, France
| | - Fatma Ayadi
- Research Laboratory "Molecular Basis of Human Diseases", LR19ES13, Sfax Medicine School, University of Sfax, Tunisia
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15
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Kosaka S, Miyashita M, McNamala K, Nomura M, Shima H, Kawai M, Sato I, Harada-Shoji N, Ishida T, Choi MH, Sasano H. Bird's eye view analysis of in situ cholesterol metabolic pathways in breast cancer patients and its clinicopathological significance in their subtypes. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 221:106103. [PMID: 35367370 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2022.106103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Obesity has been known to increase the risks of breast cancer (BC) development and also to be associated with adverse clinical outcome of the patients. Abnormalities of cholesterol metabolism are not only related to obesity but also to biological or clinical behavior of BC patients. However, which metabolites or pathways of cholesterol metabolism could represent the characteristics of BC patients have remained virtually unknown. Therefore, in this study, we attempted to perform bird's eye view or comprehensive analysis of in situ or intra-tumoral cholesterol metabolic pathways using the multimodal approaches in order to elucidate the possible significance of cholesterol metabolites and its metabolic enzymes including CYP27A1, CYP7A1, and CYP46A1. GC-MS study using BC specimens was first performed in 60 BCE patients to evaluate cholesterol metabolism from cholesterol through oxysterols in both BC and normal tissues. Results of those analyses above lead to evaluating immunoreactivity and mRNA expression of CYP27A1, CYP7A1 and CYP46A1 in 213 and 153 BCE cases, respectively. Results of comprehensive GC-MS analysis did reveal that three oxysterols, 27-HC, 7α-HC and 24-HC were all related to malignant phenotypes in BC. 27-HC abundance was significantly associated with higher tumor stage (P = 0.0475) of BC patients. Luminal B type BC patients harboring high CYP27A1, the enzyme responsible for production of 27-HC were significantly associated with worse disease-free survival than those with low CYP27A1 (P = 0.0463). 7α-HC tended to be more abundant in HER2 positive and TNBC subtypes and higher levels of 7α-HC were also significantly associated with higher Ki-67 labeling index (P = 0.0022) and histological grade (P = 0.0286). CYP7A1, the enzyme involved in production of 7α-HC, was significantly more abundant in TNBC than other subtypes (vs Luminal A; P = 0.0321, vs Luminal B; P = 0.0048, vs HER2; P = 0.0103). The levels of 24-HC in BC were lower than normal breast tissues regardless of its subtypes. CYP46A1, the enzyme involved in the production of 24-HC, was detected only in 33 (15.5%) out of 213 BCE cases examined in this study. Results of our bird's eye view analysis of in situ or intra-tumoral cholesterol metabolism in BC patients did firstly reveal BC subtype dependent involvement of its different pathways. Results also indicated the therapeutic possibility of subtype dependent modification of cholesterol metabolizing pathways in BC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinkichi Kosaka
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Minoru Miyashita
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan.
| | - Keely McNamala
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Miyuki Nomura
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kawai
- Department of Surgery I, Yamagata University Graduate School of Medical Science, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
| | - Ikuro Sato
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Miyagi Cancer Center Research Institute, Natori, Japan
| | - Narumi Harada-Shoji
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takanori Ishida
- Department of Breast and Endocrine Surgical Oncology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Man Ho Choi
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hironobu Sasano
- Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Miyagi, Japan; Department of Pathology, Tohoku University Hospital, Miyagi, Japan
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16
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Centonze G, Natalini D, Piccolantonio A, Salemme V, Morellato A, Arina P, Riganti C, Defilippi P. Cholesterol and Its Derivatives: Multifaceted Players in Breast Cancer Progression. Front Oncol 2022; 12:906670. [PMID: 35719918 PMCID: PMC9204587 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.906670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol is an essential lipid primarily synthesized in the liver through the mevalonate pathway. Besides being a precursor of steroid hormones, bile acid, and vitamin D, it is an essential structural component of cell membranes, is enriched in membrane lipid rafts, and plays a key role in intracellular signal transduction. The lipid homeostasis is finely regulated end appears to be impaired in several types of tumors, including breast cancer. In this review, we will analyse the multifaceted roles of cholesterol and its derivatives in breast cancer progression. As an example of the bivalent role of cholesterol in the cell membrane of cancer cells, on the one hand, it reduces membrane fluidity, which has been associated with a more aggressive tumor phenotype in terms of cell motility and migration, leading to metastasis formation. On the other hand, it makes the membrane less permeable to small water-soluble molecules that would otherwise freely cross, resulting in a loss of chemotherapeutics permeability. Regarding cholesterol derivatives, a lower vitamin D is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, while steroid hormones, coupled with the overexpression of their receptors, play a crucial role in breast cancer progression. Despite the role of cholesterol and derivatives molecules in breast cancer development is still controversial, the use of cholesterol targeting drugs like statins and zoledronic acid appears as a challenging promising tool for breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Centonze
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Dora Natalini
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessio Piccolantonio
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Salemme
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Morellato
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Pietro Arina
- University College London (UCL), Bloomsbury Institute of Intensive Care Medicine, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Chiara Riganti
- Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Department of Oncology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Paola Defilippi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center of Research in Molecular Biotechnology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
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17
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Parsley (Petroselinum crispum Mill.): A source of bioactive compounds as a domestic strategy to minimize cholesterol oxidation during the thermal preparation of omelets. Food Res Int 2022; 156:111199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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18
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Mariano BJ, Sales de Oliveira V, Hidalgo Chávez DW, Castro RN, Riger CJ, Mendes JS, da Costa Souza M, Helena Frankland Sawaya AC, Sampaio GR, Ferraz da Silva Torres EA, Saldanha T. Biquinho pepper (Capsium chinense): Bioactive compounds, in vivo and in vitro antioxidant capacities and anti-cholesterol oxidation kinetics in fish balls during frozen storage. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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19
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Banyś K, Stawarska A, Wyrębiak R, Bielecki W, Bobrowska-Korczak B. The Effect of Genistein Supplementation on Cholesterol Oxidation Products and Fatty Acid Profiles in Serums of Rats with Breast Cancer. Foods 2022; 11:foods11040605. [PMID: 35206081 PMCID: PMC8871115 DOI: 10.3390/foods11040605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the effect of genistein on the level of cholesterol, oxysterols, and composition of fatty acids, as well as enzymatic activity of desaturases, in rats with breast cancer. The animals were supplemented with nano-, micro-, and macrogenistein. Rats were treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene to induce mammary adenocarcinoma. In the case of animals supplemented with genistein, an increase in the intensity of the carcinogenesis process was observed. Genistein supplementation also affected the cholesterol and oxysterols levels, as well as the composition of fatty acids, in the serum of rats with neoplastic disease. Dietary supplementation with nanogenistein significantly increased the level of cholesterol (p = 0.02) and cholesterol oxidation products (p = 0.02), which may have significant impacts on cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Banyś
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Agnieszka Stawarska
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (A.S.)
| | - Rafał Wyrębiak
- Department of Biomaterials Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy Medica, University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Wojciech Bielecki
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Live Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159c, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak
- Department of Bromatology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland; (K.B.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Bioactive compounds of parsley (Petroselinum crispum), chives (Allium schoenoprasum L) and their mixture (Brazilian cheiro-verde) as promising antioxidant and anti-cholesterol oxidation agents in a food system. Food Res Int 2022; 151:110864. [PMID: 34980400 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the bioactive composition and antioxidant potential of parsley, chives and their mixture (Brazilian cheiro-verde). Additionally, the effect of these herbs against cholesterol oxidation in grilled sardines (Sardinella brasiliensis) was also investigated. Ultra-high Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-ESI-MS) analyses revealed the presence of phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, and ferulic acids) and flavonoids (apigenin, kaempferol, catechin) in the herbs. Higher levels of phenolics (2.10 ± 0.02 mg GAE/g) and carotenoids (205.95 ± 0.17 µg/g) were determined in parsley extracts. Moreover, parsley also presented higher antioxidant capacity by DPPH (59.21 ± 0.07 %) and ORAC (109.94 ± 18.7 µM TE/g) than the other herbs. In vivo analyses demonstrated that the herbs' extracts decreased the damage on Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells exposed to H2O2, except the chives extract at 10 μg/mL. Higher levels of cholesterol oxidation products (COPs) were determined after grilling. The total COPs increased from 61.8 ± 0.7 (raw fish) to 139.7 ± 10.1 µg/g (control). However, the addition of herbs effectively reduced cholesterol oxides formation, this effect was more pronounced in fish containing 4% parsley and 4% cheiro-verde. Promising results were found for cheiro-verde; however, it did not present synergic antioxidant effects.
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21
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Mazzuferi G, Bacchetti T, Islam MO, Ferretti G. High density lipoproteins and oxidative stress in breast cancer. Lipids Health Dis 2021; 20:143. [PMID: 34696795 PMCID: PMC8543840 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-021-01562-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the main leading causes of women death. In recent years, attention has been focused on the role of lipoproteins, alterations of cholesterol metabolism and oxidative stress in the molecular mechanism of breast cancer. A role for high density lipoproteins (HDL) has been proposed, in fact, in addition to the role of reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), HDL exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, modulate intracellular cholesterol homeostasis, signal transduction and proliferation. Low levels of HDL-Cholesterol (HDL-C) have been demonstrated in patients affected by breast cancer and it has been suggested that low levels of HDL-C could represent a risk factor of breast cancer. Contrasting results have been observed by other authors. Recent studies have demonstrated alterations of the activity of some enzymes associated to HDL surface such as Paraoxonase (PON1), Lecithin-Cholesterol Acyltransferase (LCAT) and Phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Higher levels of markers of lipid peroxidation in plasma or serum of patients have also been observed and suggest dysfunctional HDL in breast cancer patients. The review summarizes results on levels of markers of oxidative stress of plasma lipids and on alterations of enzymes associated to HDL in patients affected by breast cancer. The effects of normal and dysfunctional HDL on human breast cancer cells and molecular mechanisms potentially involved will be also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Mazzuferi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Bacchetti
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Md Obaidul Islam
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Gianna Ferretti
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Section of Biochemistry, Biology and Physics, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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22
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de Freitas FA, Levy D, Zarrouk A, Lizard G, Bydlowski SP. Impact of Oxysterols on Cell Death, Proliferation, and Differentiation Induction: Current Status. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092301. [PMID: 34571949 PMCID: PMC8468221 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol produced by enzymatic activity or non-enzymatic pathways (auto-oxidation). The oxidation processes lead to the synthesis of about 60 different oxysterols. Several oxysterols have physiological, pathophysiological, and pharmacological activities. The effects of oxysterols on cell death processes, especially apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, and oxiapoptophagy, as well as their action on cell proliferation, are reviewed here. These effects, also observed in several cancer cell lines, could potentially be useful in cancer treatment. The effects of oxysterols on cell differentiation are also described. Among them, the properties of stimulating the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells while inhibiting adipogenic differentiation may be useful in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Alessandro de Freitas
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil (D.L.)
| | - Débora Levy
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil (D.L.)
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Monastir, LR12ES05, Lab-NAFS ‘Nutrition—Functional Food & Vascular Health’, Monastir, Tunisia & Faculty of Medicine, University of Sousse, Sousse 5000, Tunisia;
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Team ‘Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism’ EA, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale—Inserm, 7270 Dijon, France;
| | - Sérgio Paulo Bydlowski
- Lipids, Oxidation and Cell Biology Team, Laboratory of Immunology (LIM19), Heart Institute (InCor), Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05403-900, Brazil (D.L.)
- National Institute of Science and Technology in Regenerative Medicine (INCT-Regenera), CNPq, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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23
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Zou H, Yang N, Zhang X, Chen HW. RORγ is a context-specific master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis and an emerging therapeutic target in cancer and autoimmune diseases. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 196:114725. [PMID: 34384758 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant cholesterol metabolism and homeostasis in the form of elevated cholesterol biosynthesis and dysregulated efflux and metabolism is well recognized as a major feature of metabolic reprogramming in solid tumors. Recent studies have emphasized on major drivers and regulators such as Myc, mutant p53, SREBP2, LXRs and oncogenic signaling pathways that play crucial roles in tumor cholesterol metabolic reprogramming. Therapeutics such as statins targeting the mevalonate pathway were tried at the clinic without showing consistent benefits to cancer patients. Nuclear receptors are prominent regulators of mammalian metabolism. Their de-regulation often drives tumorigenesis. RORγ and its immune cell-specific isoform RORγt play important functions in control of mammalian metabolism, circadian rhythm and immune responses. Although RORγ, together with its closely related members RORα and RORβ were identified initially as orphan receptors, recent studies strongly support the conclusion that specific intermediates and metabolites of cholesterol pathways serve as endogenous ligands of RORγ. More recent studies also reveal a critical role of RORγ in tumorigenesis through major oncogenic pathways including acting a new master-like regulator of tumor cholesterol biosynthesis program. Importantly, an increasing number of RORγ orthosteric and allosteric ligands are being identified that display potent activities in blocking tumor growth and autoimmune disorders in preclinical models. This review summarizes the recent preclinical and clinical progress on RORγ with emphasis on its role in reprogramming tumor cholesterol metabolism and its regulation. It will also discuss RORγ functional mechanisms, context-specificity and its value as a therapeutic target for effective cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongye Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Nianxin Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California, Davis, School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, USA; VA Northern California Health Care System, Mather, California, USA.
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24
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González-Ortiz A, Galindo-Hernández O, Hernández-Acevedo GN, Hurtado-Ureta G, García-González V. Impact of cholesterol-pathways on breast cancer development, a metabolic landscape. J Cancer 2021; 12:4307-4321. [PMID: 34093831 PMCID: PMC8176427 DOI: 10.7150/jca.54637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ApoB-lipoproteins and their components modulate intracellular metabolism and have been associated with the development of neoplastic phenomena, such as proliferation, anchorage-independent growth, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and cancer invasion. In cancer cells, the modulation of targets that regulate cholesterol metabolism, such as synthesis de novo, endocytosis, and oxidation, are contributing factors to cancer development. While mechanisms associated with sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP-2)/mevalonate, the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDL-R) and liver X receptor (LXR) have been linked with tumor growth; metabolites derived from cholesterol-oxidation, such as oxysterols and epoxy-cholesterols, also have been described as tumor processes-inducers. From this notion, we perform an analysis of the role of lipoproteins, their association with intracellular cholesterol metabolism, and the impact of these conditions on breast cancer development, mechanisms that can be shared during atherogenesis promoted mainly by LDL. Pathways connecting plasma dyslipidemias in conjunction with the effect of cholesterol-derived metabolites on intracellular mechanisms and cellular plasticity phenomena could provide new approaches to elucidate the triggering factors of carcinogenesis, conditions that could be considered in the development of new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina González-Ortiz
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Octavio Galindo-Hernández
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Gerson N Hernández-Acevedo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Gustavo Hurtado-Ureta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
| | - Victor García-González
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Facultad de Medicina Mexicali, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, 21000 Mexicali, México
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25
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Kloudova-Spalenkova A, Holy P, Soucek P. Oxysterols in cancer management: From therapy to biomarkers. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 178:3235-3247. [PMID: 32986851 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxysterols are oxidized derivatives of cholesterol, both endogenous and exogenous. They have been implicated in numerous pathologies, including cancer. In addition to their roles in carcinogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and multiple signalling pathways, they have been shown to modulate cancer therapy. They are known to affect therapy of hormonally positive breast cancer through modulating oestrogen receptor activity. Oxysterols have also been shown in various in vitro models to influence efficacy of chemotherapeutics, such as doxorubicin, vincristine, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil, and others. Their effects on the immune system should also be considered in immunotherapy. Selective anti-cancer cytotoxic properties of some oxysterols make them candidates for new therapeutic molecules. Finally, differences in oxysterol levels in blood of cancer patients in different stages or versus healthy controls, and in tumour versus non-tumour tissues, show potential of oxysterols as biomarkers for cancer management and patient stratification for optimization of therapy. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed issue on Oxysterols, Lifelong Health and Therapeutics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v178.16/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alzbeta Kloudova-Spalenkova
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Holy
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Third Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Soucek
- Department of Toxicogenomics, National Institute of Public Health, Prague, Czech Republic.,Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine in Pilsen, Charles University, Pilsen, Czech Republic
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26
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Sawada MI, S Ferreira GD, Passarelli M. Cholesterol derivatives and breast cancer: oxysterols driving tumor growth and metastasis. Biomark Med 2020; 14:1299-1302. [PMID: 32969241 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ibac Sawada
- Serviço de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.,Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher - Hospital Pérola Byington, São Paulo 01317-000, Brazil
| | - Guilherme da S Ferreira
- Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
| | - Marisa Passarelli
- Serviço de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01246-903, Brazil.,Laboratório de Lípides (LIM10), Hospital das Clínicas (HCFMUSP), Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 01525-000, Brazil
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27
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Role of cholesterol metabolism in the anticancer pharmacology of selective estrogen receptor modulators. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 73:101-115. [PMID: 32931953 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of compounds that bind to estrogen receptors (ERs) and possess estrogen agonist or antagonist actions in different tissues. As such, they are widely used drugs. For instance, tamoxifen, the most prescribed SERM, is used to treat ERα-positive breast cancer. Aside from their therapeutic targets, SERMs have the capacity to broadly affect cellular cholesterol metabolism and handling, mainly through ER-independent mechanisms. Cholesterol metabolism reprogramming is crucial to meet the needs of cancer cells, and different key processes involved in cholesterol homeostasis have been associated with cancer progression. Therefore, the effects of SERMs on cholesterol homeostasis may be relevant to carcinogenesis, either by contributing to the anticancer efficacy of these compounds or, conversely, by promoting resistance to treatment. Understanding these aspects of SERMs actions could help to design more efficacious therapies. Herein we review the effects of SERMs on cellular cholesterol metabolism and handling and discuss their potential in anticancer pharmacology.
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