1
|
Xie Y, Wei L, Guo J, Jiang Q, Xiang Y, Lin Y, Xie H, Yin X, Gong X, Wan J. Ginkgolide C attenuated Western diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease via increasing AMPK activation. Inflammation 2024:10.1007/s10753-024-02086-3. [PMID: 38954260 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-024-02086-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a metabolic dysregulation-related disorder that is generally characterized by lipid metabolism dysfunction and an excessive inflammatory response. Currently, there are no authorized pharmacological interventions specifically designed to manage NASH. It has been reported that Ginkgolide C exhibits anti-inflammatory effects and modulates lipid metabolism. However, the impact and function of Ginkgolide C in diet-induced NASH are unclear. METHODS In this study, mice were induced by a Western Diet (WD) with different doses of Ginkgolide C with or without Compound C (adenosine 5 '-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) inhibitor). The effects of Ginkgolide C were evaluated by assessing liver damage, steatosis, fibrosis, and AMPK expression. RESULTS The results showed that Ginkgolide C significantly alleviated liver damage, steatosis, and fibrosis in the WD-induced mice. In addition, Ginkgolide C markedly improved insulin resistance and attenuated hepatic inflammation. Importantly, Ginkgolide C exerted protective effects by activating the AMPK signaling pathway, which was reversed by AMPK inhibition. CONCLUSION Ginkgolide C alleviated NASH induced by WD in mice, potentially via activating the AMPK signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Leyi Wei
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiashi Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Xiang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huang Xie
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinru Yin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xia Gong
- Department of Anatomy, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Jingyuan Wan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guagliano G, Volpini C, Sardelli L, Briatico Vangosa F, Visai L, Petrini P. Bioinspired Bioinks for the Fabrication of Chemomechanically Relevant Standalone Disease Models of Hepatic Steatosis. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2303349. [PMID: 38323754 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202303349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity-related issues are poorly predicted during preclinical experimentation, as its relevance is limited by the inadequacy to screen all the non-physiological subclasses of the population. These pitfalls can be solved by implementing complex in vitro models of hepatic physiology and pathologies in the preclinical phase. To produce these platforms, extrusion-based bioprinting is focused on, since it allows to manufacture tridimensional cell-laden constructs with controlled geometries, in a high-throughput manner. Different bioinks, whose formulation is tailored to mimic the chemomechanical environment of hepatic steatosis, the most prevalent hepatic disorder worldwide, are proposed. Internally crosslinked alginate hydrogels are chosen as structural components of the inks. Their viscoelastic properties (G' = 512-730 Pa and G″ = 94-276 Pa, depending on frequency) are tuned to mimic those of steatotic liver tissue. Porcine hepatic ECM is introduced as a relevant biochemical cue. Sodium oleate is added to recall the accumulation of lipids in the tissue. Downstream analyses on 14-layered bioprinted structures cultured for 10 days reveal the establishment of steatotic-like features (intracellular lipid vesicles, viability decrease up to ≈50%) without needing external conditionings. The presented bioinks are thus suitable to fabricate complex models of hepatic steatosis to be implemented in a high-throughput experimental frame.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Guagliano
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Cristina Volpini
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, 65-27100, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, Pavia, 28-27100, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sardelli
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Francesco Briatico Vangosa
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
| | - Livia Visai
- Molecular Medicine Department (DMM), Center for Health Technologies (CHT), UdR INSTM, University of Pavia, Pavia, 65-27100, Italy
- Medicina Clinica-Specialistica, UOR5 Laboratorio Di Nanotecnologie, ICS Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Via Boezio, Pavia, 28-27100, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), Università di Pavia Unit, Pavia, 5-27100, Italy
| | - Paola Petrini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, and Chemical Engineering "G. Natta", Politecnico di Milano, P.zza L. Da Vinci 32, Milan, 20133, Italy
- Interuniversity Center for the promotion of the 3Rs principles in teaching and research (Centro 3R), Politecnico di Milano Unit, Milano, 32-20133, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Al Otaibi A, Al Shaikh Mubarak S, Al Hejji F, Almasaud A, Al Jami H, Iqbal J, Al Qarni A, Harbi NKA, Bakillah A. Thapsigargin and Tunicamycin Block SARS-CoV-2 Entry into Host Cells via Differential Modulation of Unfolded Protein Response (UPR), AKT Signaling, and Apoptosis. Cells 2024; 13:769. [PMID: 38727305 PMCID: PMC11083125 DOI: 10.3390/cells13090769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-Co-V2 infection can induce ER stress-associated activation of unfolded protein response (UPR) in host cells, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of COVID-19. To understand the complex interplay between SARS-Co-V2 infection and UPR signaling, we examined the effects of acute pre-existing ER stress on SARS-Co-V2 infectivity. METHODS Huh-7 cells were treated with Tunicamycin (TUN) and Thapsigargin (THA) prior to SARS-CoV-2pp transduction (48 h p.i.) to induce ER stress. Pseudo-typed particles (SARS-CoV-2pp) entry into host cells was measured by Bright GloTM luciferase assay. Cell viability was assessed by cell titer Glo® luminescent assay. The mRNA and protein expression was evaluated by RT-qPCR and Western Blot. RESULTS TUN (5 µg/mL) and THA (1 µM) efficiently inhibited the entry of SARS-CoV-2pp into host cells without any cytotoxic effect. TUN and THA's attenuation of virus entry was associated with differential modulation of ACE2 expression. Both TUN and THA significantly reduced the expression of stress-inducible ER chaperone GRP78/BiP in transduced cells. In contrast, the IRE1-XBP1s and PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP signaling pathways were downregulated with THA treatment, but not TUN in transduced cells. Insulin-mediated glucose uptake and phosphorylation of Ser307 IRS-1 and downstream p-AKT were enhanced with THA in transduced cells. Furthermore, TUN and THA differentially affected lipid metabolism and apoptotic signaling pathways. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that short-term pre-existing ER stress prior to virus infection induces a specific UPR response in host cells capable of counteracting stress-inducible elements signaling, thereby depriving SARS-Co-V2 of essential components for entry and replication. Pharmacological manipulation of ER stress in host cells might provide new therapeutic strategies to alleviate SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abeer Al Otaibi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sindiyan Al Shaikh Mubarak
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Al Hejji
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
| | - Abdulrahman Almasaud
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.A.J.); (N.K.A.H.)
| | - Haya Al Jami
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.A.J.); (N.K.A.H.)
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Qarni
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Khalaf Al Harbi
- Vaccine Development Unit, Department of Infectious Disease Research, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (H.A.J.); (N.K.A.H.)
| | - Ahmed Bakillah
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center (KAIMRC), Eastern Region, Al Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.O.); (S.A.S.M.); (F.A.H.); (J.I.); (A.A.Q.)
- Biomedical Research Department, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard-Health Affairs (MNG-HA), Al Ahsa 36428, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhuang X, Zhao M, Ji X, Yang S, Yin H, Zhao L. Chitobiose exhibited a lipid-lowering effect in ob/ob -/- mice via butyric acid enrolled liver-gut crosstalk. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2023; 10:79. [PMID: 38647627 PMCID: PMC10991647 DOI: 10.1186/s40643-023-00696-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chitobiose (COS2) efficiently lowers lipids in vivo and facilitates butyric acid enrichment during human fecal fermentation. However, whether COS2 can interact with butyric acid to generate a hypolipidemic effect remains unclear. This study examined the hypolipidemic mechanism of COS2 involving butyric acid, which could alleviate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The results revealed that COS2 administration modulated the β-oxidation pathway in the liver and restructured the short chain fatty acids in the fecal of ob/ob-/- mice. Moreover, the hypolipidemic effect of COS2 and its specific accumulated metabolite butyric acid was verified in sodium oleate-induced HepG2 cells. Butyric acid was more effective to reverse lipid accumulation and up-regulate β-oxidation pathway at lower concentrations. Furthermore, structural analysis suggested that butyric acid formed hydrogen bonds with key residues in hydrophilic ligand binding domains (LBDs) of PPARα and activated the transcriptional activity of the receptor. Therefore, the potential mechanism behind the lipid-lowering effect of COS2 in vivo involved restoring hepatic lipid disorders via butyric acid accumulation and liver-gut axis signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xinye Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Mengyao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Xiaoguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Sihan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, School of Biotechnology, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai, 200003, China.
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai, 200237, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee HB, Choi JH, Kim D, Lee KW, Ha SK, Lee SH, Park HY. Dietary N ε-(carboxymethyl)lysine is a trigger of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease under high-fat consumption. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114010. [PMID: 37652125 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The irreversible glycation of proteins produces advanced glycation end products (AGEs) which are triggered to bind the receptor for AGE (RAGE), thereby activating mitogen-activated protein kinase/nuclear factor-κB signaling pathway and stimulating proinflammatory cytokines, ultimately leading to chronic disorders. In this study, we focus the promoting effect of Nε-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML), one of the most dietary AGEs, on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and evaluated NAFLD-related biomarkers. Oxidative stress and hepatic steatosis were assessed in oleic acid (OA)-induced HepG2 cells. Using OA-induced HepG2 cells, we show that CML results in oxidative stress and steatosis and drives major changes in hepatic lipid metabolism. Administration of CML exacerbated NAFLD-related symptoms by increasing body and liver weight gain, serum alanine aminotransferase and lipid levels, and insulin resistance in mild high-fat diet-induced mice. Moreover, hepatic histological analysis data, such as staining, western blotting, and RNA-seq, indicate that CML aggravates NAFLD in association with activation of the de novo lipogenesis pathway, consistent with the in vitro assays. Our findings could contribute to model studies related to the prevention and treatment of NAFLD progression due to excessive consumption of dietary AGEs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hye-Bin Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeong Choi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Donghwan Kim
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Won Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Keun Ha
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hoon Lee
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Young Park
- Food Functionality Research Division, Korea Food Research Institute, Jeollabuk-do, 55365, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chitinase-Assisted Bioconversion of Chitinous Waste for Development of Value-Added Chito-Oligosaccharides Products. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010087. [PMID: 36671779 PMCID: PMC9855443 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Chito-oligosaccharides (COSs) are the partially hydrolyzed products of chitin, which is abundant in the shells of crustaceans, the cuticles of insects, and the cell walls of fungi. These oligosaccharides have received immense interest in the last few decades due to their highly promising bioactivities, such as their anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. Regarding environmental concerns, COSs are obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis by chitinase under milder conditions compared to the typical chemical degradation. This review provides updated information about research on new chitinase derived from various sources, including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals, employed for the efficient production of COSs. The route to industrialization of these chitinases and COS products is also described.
Collapse
|
7
|
Liu P, Li H, Xu H, Gong J, Jiang M, Qian J, Xu Z, Shi J. Chitooligosaccharides Attenuated Hepatic Encephalopathy in Mice through Stabilizing Gut-Liver-Brain Disturbance. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200158. [PMID: 36281912 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) refers to neurological dysfunction associated with hepatic inadequacy and gut dysbiosis. Chitooligosaccharides (COS) possesses prominent biological activities including incalculable hepatoprotective, neuroprotective and prebiotic effects. This study evaluates the protective effects of COS on HE from the influence of gut-liver-brain axis in mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Hepatic injured mice show minimal symptoms of HE, reflecting in cognitive impairment, and learning and memory retardation, while they are reversed by COS following orally administrated. Furthermore, COS ameliorates brain function through inhibiting microglial and astrocyte activation in cerebral cortex and hippocampus, promoting neuronal regeneration characterized by the increase of neuron-specific marker (neuronal nuclear antigen, NeuN). Concurrently, neuroinflammation and hepatitis are restrained by COS through descending toll-like receptors 4/Nuclear factor kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) pathway. Additionally, the dysbiosis of the composition and structure of gut microbiota is displayed in mice with HE, while it is modified by COS through decreasing the relative abundances of Muribaculaceae, Lactobacillus, and Enterorhabdus. The enhancement of blood ammonia is crucially slipped to basal levels by COS. CONCLUSION The present study shows that COS could prevent the pathological process of HE through regulating the gut-liver-brain cross-talk, which provids new insight into fundamental roles of COS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Hongyu Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jianying Qian
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Cereal Fermentation and Food Biomanufacturing, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu P, Li H, Gong J, Geng Y, Jiang M, Xu H, Xu Z, Shi J. Chitooligosaccharides alleviate hepatic fibrosis by regulating the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages. Food Funct 2021; 13:753-768. [PMID: 34940780 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Regulating immune homeostasis by targeting liver macrophage polarization is a potential therapeutic strategy for hepatic fibrosis. Chitooligosaccharide (COS) is a bioactive oligosaccharide possessing potent immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects. In this study the hepatoprotective effect of COS on hepatic fibrosis was examined in mice and the underlying mechanisms were investigated. Herein, mice were induced to hepatic fibrosis using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) and concurrently treated with COS orally. Kupffer cells (KCs) were skewed towards M1 macrophage polarization by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and towards M2 macrophage polarization by interleukin-4 (IL-4) in vitro, which were utilized for COS treatment. The results showed that mice were rescued from hepatic fibrosis by COS, marked by a reduction in the deposition of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and histological lesions. COS had an inhibitory effect on the polarization of M1 and M2 macrophages both in vivo and in vitro, characterized by the raised biomarker of the M1 and M2 macrophages slipping towards the basal levels. Furthermore, COS inhibited the JAK2/STAT1 pathways on M1 macrophages and the JAK1/STAT6 pathways on M2 macrophages in KCs. In summary, this study revealed a molecular mechanism for the impact of COS effectiveness on the polarization of liver macrophages, suggesting that is could be a possible intervention for hepatic fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Heng Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Jinsong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Yan Geng
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Min Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| | - Hongyu Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenghong Xu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jinsong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Evaluating the effect of a mixture of two main conjugated linoleic acid isomers on hepatic steatosis in HepG2 cellular model. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1359-1370. [PMID: 33580458 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06203-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Hepatic steatosis is an early form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), caused by abnormal fat deposition in the hepatocytes. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a group of positional and geometric dienoic isomers of linoleic acid that attract significant attention because of its beneficial effects on chronic diseases such as cancer, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. This study examined the influence of a mixture of two main CLA isomers (CLA-mix) on lipid accumulation and lipid metabolism-related genes using HepG2 cells treated with palmitic acid (PA) as an in vitro model for hepatic steatosis. Methods and Results: HepG2 cells were treated for 24 h: control (BSA), model (BSA + PA), and treated groups (BSA-PA + non-toxic concentrations of CLA-mix). Intracellular lipid deposition, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and gene expression were measured by Oil-Red O staining, colorimetric assay kits and real-time PCR, respectively. CLA-mix at high concentrations had significantly decreased intracellular total lipid and TG deposition compared to the model group. However, none of the CLA-mix concentrations had a significant effect on the intracellular TC level. CLA-mix significantly increased the expression of some genes mainly regulated by PPARα but did not alter the expression of lipogenesis-related genes. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that high concentrations of CLA-mix protect against hepatic steatosis and play a role in regulating fatty acid oxidation and bile excretion through the PPARα pathway. It is suggested that the effect of different ratios of two main CLA isomers on the amount and ratio of bile compounds be investigated in future studies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Jiao L, Li H, Li J, Bo L, Zhang X, Wu W, Chen C. Study on structure characterization of pectin from the steamed ginseng and the inhibition activity of lipid accumulation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:57-65. [PMID: 32339574 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.04.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Two acid polysaccharides were obtained from steamed ginseng (GPS-1 and GPS-2) through water extraction, ion-exchange chromatography and gel chromatography. The structural features and ability of the polysaccharides to inhibit lipid accumulation in oleic acid-induced HepG2 cells were studied. GPS-1 consisted of type I arabinogalactans (AG-I), arabinogalactans-II (AG-II) and rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) domains. GPS-2 was a pectin-like polysaccharide consisting mainly of the homogalacturonan (HG) domain and a small amount of AG domain. Both GPS-1 and GPS-2 had branches attaching on O-3 of (1 → 6)-GalA or O-4 of (1 → 2)-Rha and terminated by either Ara or Gal. An in vitro experiment revealed that GPS-1 treatment at 50-400 μg/ml could dose-dependently decrease intracellular lipid accumulation and cholesterol (TC) and triglycerides (TG) levels. GPS-1 exerted a more serious hypolipidemic effect than GPS-2 did. Moreover, GPS-1 considerably increased the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and affected the expression of AMPK downstream targets, including the inhibition of the protein expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c (SREBP-1c) and activation of Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC). Results suggest that GPS-1 could inhibit lipid accumulation via the AMPK the signalling pathway.
Collapse
|
11
|
Deng X, Ye Z, Cao H, Bai Y, Che Q, Guo J, Su Z. Chitosan oligosaccharide ameliorated obesity by reducing endoplasmic reticulum stress in diet-induced obese rats. Food Funct 2020; 11:6285-6296. [PMID: 32602486 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo01107j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine whether chitosan oligosaccharide (COST) improves overweight by reducing endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in the liver and liver cancer cells. METHODS An obesity model was established by feeding Sprague-Dawley rats (ORs) a high-fat diet (HFD) and treating them with COST for 8 weeks. A model of lipid accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells was established by treating HepG2 cells with free fatty acids and COST for 24 h. RESULTS COST treatment of ORs reduced weight gain, inhibited adipose tissue hypertrophy and hyperplasia, and reduced the fat-to-weight ratio. COST improved dyslipidaemia, reduced liver weight and organ index, inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation, and prevented liver steatosis, and the high COST dose increased TC and TG excretion in the stool. Treatment of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells with COST reduced lipid accumulation and TG levels. COST modulated the expression of genes related to fat metabolism and ER stress response pathway-related factors in liver tissue and HepG2 cells. CONCLUSIONS COST can inhibit weight gain and improve dyslipidaemia and lipid metabolism in ORs. The COST-mediated regulation of hepatic and HepG2 cell lipid metabolism might be related to inhibition of fat synthesis, acceleration of lipid oxidative catabolism and reduction in ER stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou (510006), China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ismail SA, El-Sayed HS, Fayed B. Production of prebiotic chitooligosaccharide and its nano/microencapsulation for the production of functional yoghurt. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 234:115941. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.115941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
|
13
|
Xiang A, Chu G, Zhu Y, Ma G, Yang G, Sun S. IGFBP5 suppresses oleate-induced intramyocellular lipids deposition and enhances insulin signaling. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:15288-15298. [PMID: 30684263 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Excess intramyocellular lipids are often accompanied by muscle insulin resistance (IR) and type 2 diabetes. The mechanism of the formation of intramyocellular lipids is unclear yet. In this study, we optimized the cellular model of intramyocellular lipids from differentiated C2C12 cells and identified that the expression of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 5 (IGFBP5) is diminished in this process. Then, we added exogenous recombinant IGFBP5 during myocyte triglyceride (TAG) formation and found decreased lipids accumulation. In addition, IGFBP5 could promote lipolysis when added to the cellular model after the formation of intramyocellular lipids. Moreover, IGFBP5 could enhance myocyte insulin sensitivity by inhibiting the expression of the thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and arrestin domain-containing 4 (ARRDC4), which are a negative regulator of insulin signaling in both cases. Meanwhile, IGFBP5 also inhibited the expression of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAM) and diglyceride acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2), which were involved in TAG synthesis from a fatty acid. IGFBP5 also reduced TAG storage by promoting lipolysis. Therefore, IGFBP5 may play a role in the excess accumulation of lipid in muscle cells of diabetic patients and serve as a reference for further research and treatment of muscle IR and diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aoqi Xiang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guiyan Chu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Youbo Zhu
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Guangjun Ma
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gongshe Yang
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shiduo Sun
- Laboratory of Animal Fat Deposition & Muscle Development, Department of Animal Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Li J, Cheng Y, Chen Y, Qu H, Zhao Y, Wen C, Zhou Y. Dietary Chitooligosaccharide Inclusion as an Alternative to Antibiotics Improves Intestinal Morphology, Barrier Function, Antioxidant Capacity, and Immunity of Broilers at Early Age. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9080493. [PMID: 31357589 PMCID: PMC6719223 DOI: 10.3390/ani9080493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary At early an age, broilers are susceptible to exterior stressors and therefore have a higher disease incidence rate. Antibiotic growth promoters have been forbidden in animal production by the European Union and other countries since their usage has caused potentially adverse effects such as antibiotic residues in livestock, environmental pollution, and the generation of drug-resistant bacteria. The search for safe and environmentally friendly alternatives to antibiotics to prevent disease and promote growth has become necessary in poultry production. Chitooligosaccharide (COS), a natural alkaline polymer of glucosamine with a number of bioactive groups, is easily obtained by chemical and enzymatic hydrolysis of chitosan, which is the second most abundant carbohydrate polymer in nature. Our results indicated that dietary supplementation with chitooligosaccharide, at a dosage of 30 mg/kg, enhanced the feed conversion ratio, benefited the intestinal morphology and barrier function, and improved antioxidant capacity and immunity in broilers at 21 days of age. These effects were similar with those observed as a result of chlortetracycline inclusion. Therefore, dietary COS supplementation can be used as a potential alternative to antibiotics in broilers. Abstract This study aimed to investigate the effects of chitooligosaccharide (COS) inclusion as an alternative to antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, antioxidant capacity, and immunity in broilers. In total, 144 one-day-old Arbor Acres broiler chicks were randomly assigned into 3 groups and fed a basal diet free from antibiotics (control group) or the same basal diet further supplemented with either chlortetracycline (antibiotic group) or COS, for 21 days. Compared with the control group, inclusion of COS reduced the feed to gain ratio, the jejunal crypt depth, the plasma diamine oxidase activity, and the endotoxin concentration, as well as jejunal and ileal malondialdehyde contents, whereas increased duodenal villus height, duodenal and jejunal ratio of villus height to crypt depth, intestinal immunoglobulin G, and jejunal immunoglobulin M (IgM) contents were observed, with the values of these parameters being similar or better to that of the antibiotic group. Additionally, supplementation with COS enhanced the superoxide dismutase activity and IgM content of the duodenum and up-regulated the mRNA level of claudin three in the jejunum and ileum, when compared with the control and antibiotic groups. In conclusion, dietary COS inclusion (30 mg/kg), as an alternative to antibiotics, exerts beneficial effects on growth performance, intestinal morphology, barrier function, antioxidant capacity, and immunity in broilers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yefei Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yueping Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Hengman Qu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yurui Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chao Wen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanmin Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 6, Tongwei Road, Xuanwu District, Nanjing 210095, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chitooligosaccharide supplementation prevents the development of high fat diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice via the inhibition of cluster of differentiation 36 (CD36). J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.03.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
16
|
Ju J, Zheng Z, Xu YJ, Cao P, Li J, Li Q, Liu Y. Influence of total polar compounds on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells. Lipids Health Dis 2019; 18:37. [PMID: 30709407 PMCID: PMC6359786 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-019-0980-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, the harmful effects of frying oil on health have been gradually realized. However, as main components of frying oils, biochemical effects of total polar compounds (TPC) on a cellular level were underestimated. METHODS The effects of total polar compounds (TPC) in the frying oil on the lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of HepG2 cells were investigated through a series of biochemical methods, such as oil red staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), cell apoptosis and cell arrest. RESULTS Herein, we found that the survival rate of HepG2 cells treated with TPC decreased in a time and dose dependent manner, and thereby presented significant lipid deposition over the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL. TPC were also found to suppress the expression levels of PPARα, CPT1 and ACOX, elevate the expression level of MTP and cause the disorder of lipid metabolism. TPC ranged from 0 to 2 mg/mL could significantly elevate the amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in HepG2 cells, and simultaneously increase the malondialdehyde (MDA) content from 21.21 ± 2.62 to 65.71 ± 4.20 μmol/mg of protein (p < 0.05) at 24 h. On the contrary, antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and catalase (CAT) respectively decreased by 0.52-, 0.56- and 0.28-fold, when HepG2 cells were exposed to 2 mg/mL TPC for 24 h. In addition, TPC could at least partially induce the apoptosis of HepG2 cells, and the transition from G0/G1 to G2 phase in HepG2 cells was impeded. CONCLUSIONS TPC could progressively cause lipid deposition, oxidative stress and cytotoxicity, providing the theoretical support for the detrimental health effects of TPC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjie Ju
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaojun Zheng
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Jiang Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Peirang Cao
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingwei Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiu Li
- Shandong LuHua group co., LTD, Laiyang, 265200, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Laboratory for Cereal Fermentation Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yang D, Hu C, Deng X, Bai Y, Cao H, Guo J, Su Z. Therapeutic Effect of Chitooligosaccharide Tablets on Lipids in High-Fat Diets Induced Hyperlipidemic Rats. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030514. [PMID: 30709014 PMCID: PMC6385166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 01/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitooligosaccharide is beneficial for inhibiting dyslipidemia and reducing atherosclerotic and hyperlipidemic risk. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cholesterol-regulating effects and potential mechanisms of Chitooligosaccharide tablets (CFTs) in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The results revealed that CFTs can regulate serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemic rats in a dosage-dependent manner. Synchronously, gene expressions related to cholesterol excretion were upregulated in a dosage-dependent manner, including cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor α (LXRA), peroxisome proliferation-activated receptor-α (PPARα) and low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), whereas cholesterol synthetic gene expressions including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and sterol-responsive element binding protein-2 (SREBP2) were reduced. This work highlights that CFTs have potential as natural products to prevent and treat metabolic hyperlipidemia syndrome, probably due to the reduction of cholesterol biosynthesis and through cholesterol elimination; they also improve the pathological changes of liver tissue in rats, alleviate liver damage, maintain normal lipid metabolism in the liver, ameliorate hepatic glycolipid disorders and accelerate TC operation, and reduce blood lipid levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Di Yang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Canji Hu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Xiaoyi Deng
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yan Bai
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Hua Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Zhongshan 528458, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Provincial University Engineering Technology Research Center of Natural Products and Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nutritional and Additive Uses of Chitin and Chitosan in the Food Industry. SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE REVIEWS 36 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-16581-9_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
19
|
Huang WC, Chen YL, Liu HC, Wu SJ, Liou CJ. Ginkgolide C reduced oleic acid-induced lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Saudi Pharm J 2018; 26:1178-1184. [PMID: 30532639 PMCID: PMC6260475 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ginkgolide C, isolated from Ginkgo biloba, is a diterpene lactone that has multiple biological functions and can improve Alzheimer disease and platelet aggregation. Ginkgolide C also inhibits adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The present study evaluated whether ginkgolide C reduced lipid accumulation and regulated the molecular mechanism of lipogenesis in oleic acid-induced HepG2 hepatocytes. HepG2 cells were treated with 0.5 mM oleic acid for 48 h to induce a fatty liver cell model. Then, the cells were exposed to various concentrations of ginkgolide C for 24 h. Staining with Oil Red O and the fluorescent dye BODIPY 493/503 revealed that ginkgolide C significantly reduced excessive lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Ginkgolide C decreased peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c to block the expression of fatty acid synthase. Ginkgolide C treatment also promoted the expression of adipose triglyceride lipase and the phosphorylation level of hormone-sensitive lipase to enhance the decomposition of triglycerides. In addition, ginkgolide C stimulated CPT-1 to activate fatty acid β-oxidation, significantly increased sirt1 and phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and decreased expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase for suppressed fatty acid synthesis in hepatocytes. Taken together, our results suggest that ginkgolide C reduced lipid accumulation and increased lipolysis through the sirt1/AMPK pathway in oleic acid-induced fatty liver cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chia Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jiang Y, Fu C, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. Cholesterol-lowering effects and potential mechanisms of chitooligosaccharide capsules in hyperlipidemic rats. Food Nutr Res 2018; 62:1446. [PMID: 29922118 PMCID: PMC6002375 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v62.1446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chitooligosaccharide (COS) has shown potential antihyperlipidemic activity in a few studies as a functional food. Method We investigated the cholesterol-lowering effect and potential mechanisms of chitooligosaccharide capsules (COSTC) in male SD rats fed a high-fat diet. Results COSTC could ameliorate serum lipid levels. Simultaneously, the cholesterol-lowering effect is probably attributed to its role in two pathways: upregulating the gene expression and activity of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1), liver X receptor alpha (LXRA), and peroxisome proliferation activated receptor-α (PPARα), which facilitates the conversion of cholesterol into bile acid; downregulating the gene expression and activity of enzymes including 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR) and sterol-responsive element binding protein-2 (SREBP2) and upregulating the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) to reduce the denovo synthesis of cholesterol. Conclusion Studies have suggested that COSTC has potential usefulness as a natural supplement or functional food for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Jiang Y, Fu C, Wu S, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. Determination of the Deacetylation Degree of Chitooligosaccharides. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15110332. [PMID: 29068401 PMCID: PMC5706022 DOI: 10.3390/md15110332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The methods for determination of chitosan content recommended in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and the European Pharmacopoeia are not applicable for evaluation of the extent of deacetylation (deacetylation degree, DD) in chitooligosaccharides (COS). This study explores two different methods for assessment of DD in COS having relatively high and low molecular weights: an acid-base titration with bromocresol green indicator and a first order derivative UV spectrophotometric method for assessment of DD in COS. The accuracy of both methods as a function of molecular weight was also investigated and compared to results obtained using ¹H NMR spectroscopy. Our study demonstrates two simple, fast, widely adaptable, highly precise, accurate, and inexpensive methods for the effective determination of DD in COS, which have the potential for widespread commercial applications in developing country.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chuhan Fu
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Sihui Wu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational Technical School, Guangzhou 510663, China.
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 8 Longyuan Road, Nanshan District, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM (State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Natural Products and New Drugs, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Wu S, Pan H, Tan S, Ding C, Huang G, Liu G, Guo J, Su Z. In vitro inhibition of lipid accumulation induced by oleic acid and in vivo pharmacokinetics of chitosan microspheres (CTMS) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CCMS). Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1331658. [PMID: 28659743 PMCID: PMC5475299 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1331658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chitosan and capsaicin are compounds extracted from natural products and have been indicated to lower body weight and prevent fatty liver. However, their applications are limited by poor oral bioavailability, low compliance and some serious side effects. To solve these problems, we successfully prepared chitosan microspheres (CTMS) and chitosan-capsaicin microspheres (CCMS) in previous study. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the ability of CTMS and CCMS to eliminate lipid accumulation in hepatocytesand also characterized their pharmacokinetic parameters after administration. The results showed that the two microspheres could significantly reduce intracellular lipid accumulation and dose-dependently improve the triglyceride (TG) content in HepG2 cells. A pharmacokinetic study indicated that CTMS and CCMS were distributed in almost all of the measured tissues, especially liver and kidney, and that their absorption was better than those of chitosan and capsaicin. Simultaneously, the prolonged circulating half-lives, the lower clearance and higher plasma concentration of CTMS and CCMS showed that their bioavailability was effectively enhanced. All of the results indicated that the lipid accumulation inhibition of CTMS and CCMS was better than that of chitosan and capsaicin, and that these microspheres can be developed as preventive agents for fatty liver or obesity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sihui Wu
- Guangdong Food and Drug Vocational-Technical School, Guangzhou, China.,Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Haitao Pan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Centre for Cellular & Structural Biology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sirong Tan
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Ding
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guidong Huang
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Key Research Center of Liver Regulation for Hyperlipidemia SATCM/Class III Laboratory of Metabolism SATCM, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kong S, Cao P, Guo J, Su Z. Antioxidant ofsmallmolecular weightchitosan oligosaccharidein vitro. BIO WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/bioconf/20170801028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
24
|
Fu C, Jiang Y, Guo J, Su Z. Natural Products with Anti-obesity Effects and Different Mechanisms of Action. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:9571-9585. [PMID: 27931098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b04468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, a primary influence on health condition, causes numerous comorbidities and complications and, therefore, pharmacotherapy is considered a strategy for its treatment. However, the adverse effects of most chemical drugs targeting weight loss complicate their approval by regulatory authorities. Recently, interest has increased in the development of ingredients from natural sources with fewer adverse effects for preventing and ameliorating obesity. This review provides an overview of current anti-obesity drugs and natural products with anti-obesity properties as well as their mechanisms of action, which include interfering with nutrient absorption, decreasing adipogenesis, increasing energy expenditure (thermogenesis), appetite suppression, modifying intestinal microbiota composition, and increasing fecal fat excretion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuhan Fu
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhengquan Su
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University , Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| |
Collapse
|