1
|
de Oliveira FMG, Lyrio MVV, Filgueiras PR, de Castro EVR, Kuster RM. ESI(-)FT-ICR MS for the determination of best conditions for producing extract abundant in phenolic compounds from leaves of E. uniflora and FTIR-PCA as a sample screening method. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2024; 16:3701-3713. [PMID: 38805183 DOI: 10.1039/d3ay00773a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
E. uniflora leaves are a rich source of phenolic compounds with biological activities, including myricitrin. In this study, the chemical profile of nine extracts prepared with leaves collected in three regions (mountain, beach, and mangrove) and at three different times of the day (8 am, 1 pm, and 6 pm) was evaluated from spectra originating from ultra-high resolution mass spectrometry (Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance, FT-ICR) coupled to electrospray ionisation (ESI). The best time of the day and location for collecting the leaves of E. uniflora used as raw materials for producing extracts and the best ethanol concentration for obtaining an extract more abundant in compounds of interest were verified. Several flavonoids and phenolic acids were detected in their deprotonated form in the regions from m/z 200 to 1200. Myricitrin ([C21H20O12-H]-, m/ztheo 463.08820), its chloride adduct ([C21H20O12+Cl]-, m/ztheo 499.06488), other myricitrin derivatives, and some tannins were the main compounds detected. Considering obtaining an extract rich in phenolic compounds, including myricitrin, the best place and time of the day to collect E. uniflora leaves is in the beach region at 1 pm. In contrast, the best ethanol concentration for extract production is 70 wt%. Therefore, extraction at 96 wt% ethanol is better for obtaining an extract more abundant in phenolic acids, although 70 wt% ethanol also extracted these compounds. FTIR-PCA models were used to check for possible similarities in the data according to collection time of the day and location. These models demonstrated an excellent solution for sample screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M G de Oliveira
- LABPETRO (Laboratory of Research and Methodologies Development for Petroleum Analysis), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, P. O. Box: 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Marcos V V Lyrio
- LABPETRO (Laboratory of Research and Methodologies Development for Petroleum Analysis), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, P. O. Box: 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Paulo R Filgueiras
- LABPETRO (Laboratory of Research and Methodologies Development for Petroleum Analysis), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, P. O. Box: 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Eustáquio V R de Castro
- LABPETRO (Laboratory of Research and Methodologies Development for Petroleum Analysis), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, P. O. Box: 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| | - Ricardo M Kuster
- LABPETRO (Laboratory of Research and Methodologies Development for Petroleum Analysis), Chemistry Department, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Av. Fernando Ferrari, 514, Goiabeiras, P. O. Box: 29075-910, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hasnat H, Shompa SA, Islam MM, Alam S, Richi FT, Emon NU, Ashrafi S, Ahmed NU, Chowdhury MNR, Fatema N, Hossain MS, Ghosh A, Ahmed F. Flavonoids: A treasure house of prospective pharmacological potentials. Heliyon 2024; 10:e27533. [PMID: 38496846 PMCID: PMC10944245 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are organic compounds characterized by a range of phenolic structures, which are abundantly present in various natural sources such as fruits, vegetables, cereals, bark, roots, stems, flowers, tea, and wine. The health advantages of these natural substances are renowned, and initiatives are being taken to extract the flavonoids. Apigenin, galangin, hesperetin, kaempferol, myricetin, naringenin, and quercetin are the seven most common compounds belonging to this class. A thorough analysis of bibliographic records from reliable sources including Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, ScienceDirect, MEDLINE, and others was done to learn more about the biological activities of these flavonoids. These flavonoids appear to have promising anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiviral, cytotoxic, and lipid-lowering activities, according to evidence from in vitro, in vivo, and clinical research. The review contains recent trends, therapeutical interventions, and futuristic aspects of flavonoids to treat several diseases like diabetes, inflammation, bacterial and viral infections, cancers, and cardiovascular diseases. However, this manuscript should be handy in future drug discovery. Despite these encouraging findings, a notable gap exists in clinical research, hindering a comprehensive understanding of the effects of flavonoids at both high and low concentrations on human health. Future investigations should prioritize exploring bioavailability, given the potential for high inter-individual variation. As a starting point for further study on these flavonoids, this review paper may promote identifying and creating innovative therapeutic uses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hasin Hasnat
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Suriya Akter Shompa
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Mirazul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, State University of Bangladesh, 77 Satmasjid Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Safaet Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, 6206, Bangladesh
| | - Fahmida Tasnim Richi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Emon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science and Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, 4318, Bangladesh
| | - Sania Ashrafi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazim Uddin Ahmed
- Drugs and Toxins Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories Rajshahi, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Rajshahi, 6206, Bangladesh
| | | | - Nour Fatema
- Department of Microbiology, Stamford University Bangladesh, Dhaka, 1217, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Sakhawat Hossain
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, BCSIR Dhaka Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dr. Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Avoy Ghosh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Firoj Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Carrillo-Martinez EJ, Flores-Hernández FY, Salazar-Montes AM, Nario-Chaidez HF, Hernández-Ortega LD. Quercetin, a Flavonoid with Great Pharmacological Capacity. Molecules 2024; 29:1000. [PMID: 38474512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29051000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid with a low molecular weight that belongs to the human diet's phenolic phytochemicals and nonenergy constituents. Quercetin has a potent antioxidant capacity, being able to capture reactive oxygen species (ROS), reactive nitrogen species (RNS), and reactive chlorine species (ROC), which act as reducing agents by chelating transition-metal ions. Its structure has five functional hydroxyl groups, which work as electron donors and are responsible for capturing free radicals. In addition to its antioxidant capacity, different pharmacological properties of quercetin have been described, such as carcinostatic properties; antiviral, antihypertensive, and anti-inflammatory properties; the ability to protect low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation, and the ability to inhibit angiogenesis; these are developed in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eber Josue Carrillo-Martinez
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Flor Yohana Flores-Hernández
- Unidad de Biotecnología Médica y Farmacéutica, Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, Guadalajara 44270, Mexico
| | - Adriana María Salazar-Montes
- Instituto de Investigación en Enfermedades Crónico-Degenerativas, Centro de Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada 950, Guadalajara 44340, Mexico
| | | | - Luis Daniel Hernández-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación Multidisciplinaria en Salud, Centro Universitario de Tonalá, Universidad de Guadalajara, Tonalá 45425, Mexico
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Deng W, Chen F, Zhao Y, Zhou M, Guo M. Anti-hepatitis B virus activities of natural products and their antiviral mechanisms. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:803-811. [PMID: 38035936 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60505-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infections caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV) continue to pose a significant global public health challenge. Currently, the approved treatments for CHB are limited to interferon and nucleos(t)ide analogs, both of which have their limitations, and achieving a complete cure remains an elusive goal. Therefore, the identification of new therapeutic targets and the development of novel antiviral strategies are of utmost importance. Natural products (NPs) constitute a class of substances known for their diverse chemical structures, wide-ranging biological activities, and low toxicity profiles. They have shown promise as potential candidates for combating various diseases, with a substantial number demonstrating anti-HBV properties. This comprehensive review focuses on the current applications of NPs in the fight against HBV and provides a summary of their antiviral mechanisms, considering their impact on the viral life cycle and host hepatocytes. By offering insights into the world of anti-HBV NPs, this review aims to furnish valuable information to support the future development of antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wanyu Deng
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Fu Chen
- College of Life Science, Shangrao Normal University, Shangrao 334001, China
| | - Yue Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science&Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ming Zhou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518000, China; Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518110, China; Liver-biotechnology (Shenzhen) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Life Science&Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pedro SI, Fernandes TA, Luís Â, Antunes AMM, Gonçalves JC, Gominho J, Gallardo E, Anjos O. First Chemical Profile Analysis of Acacia Pods. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3486. [PMID: 37836226 PMCID: PMC10575431 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
This study intended to evaluate the potential industrial applications of various Acacia species (Acacia melanoxylon, Acacia longifolia, Acacia cyclops, Acacia retinodes, Acacia pycnantha, Acacia mearnsii, and Acacia dealbata) by examining their chemical composition, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry, a comprehensive analysis successfully identified targeted compounds, including flavonoids (flavonols/flavones) and phenolic acids, such as 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, p-coumaric acid, and ellagic acid. Additionally, p-coumaric acid was specifically identified and quantified within the hydroxycinnamic aldehydes. This comprehensive characterization provides valuable insights into the chemical profiles of the studied species. Among the studied species, A. pycnantha exhibited a higher concentration of total phenolic compounds, including catechin, myricetin, quercetin, and coniferaldehyde. Furthermore, A. pycnantha displayed notable antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and B. cereus. The identified compounds in Acacia pods and their shown antibacterial activities exhibit promising potential for future applications. Moreover, vibrational spectroscopy was a reliable method for distinguishing between species. These significant findings enhance our understanding of Acacia species and their potential for various industrial applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Soraia I. Pedro
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (S.I.P.); (J.C.G.)
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Tiago A. Fernandes
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.A.F.); (A.M.M.A.)
- Departamento de Ciências e Tecnologia (DCeT), Universidade Aberta,1000-013 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ângelo Luís
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (Â.L.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Alexandra M. M. Antunes
- Centro de Química Estrutural (CQE), Institute of Molecular Sciences, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal; (T.A.F.); (A.M.M.A.)
| | - José C. Gonçalves
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (S.I.P.); (J.C.G.)
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- CERNAS-IPCB Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - Jorge Gominho
- Centro de Estudos Florestais (CEF), Laboratório Associado TERRA, Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Universidade de Lisboa, 349-017 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Eugenia Gallardo
- Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde (CICS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (Â.L.); (E.G.)
- Laboratório de Fármaco-Toxicologia, UBIMedical, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6200-284 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Ofélia Anjos
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (S.I.P.); (J.C.G.)
- Centro de Biotecnologia de Plantas da Beira Interior, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
- CERNAS-IPCB Research Centre for Natural Resources, Environment and Society, Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6001-909 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar S, Swamy N, Tuli HS, Rani S, Garg A, Mishra D, Abdulabbas HS, Sandhu SS. Myricetin: a potential plant-derived anticancer bioactive compound-an updated overview. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:2179-2196. [PMID: 37083713 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02479-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
The globe is currently confronting a global fight against the deadliest cancer sickness. Chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, surgery, and radiation therapy are among cancer treatment options. Still, these treatments can induce patient side effects, including recurrence, multidrug resistance, fever, and weakness. As a result, the scientific community is always working on natural phytochemical substances. Numerous phytochemical compounds, including taxol analogues, vinca alkaloids such as vincristine and vinblastine, and podophyllotoxin analogues, are currently undergoing testing and have shown promising results against a number of the deadliest diseases, as well as considerable advantages due to their safety and low cost. According to research, secondary plant metabolites such as myricetin, a flavonoid in berries, herbs, and walnuts, have emerged as valuable bio-agents for cancer prevention. Myricetin and its derivatives have antiinflammatory, anticancer, apoptosis-inducing, and anticarcinogenic properties and can prevent cancer cell proliferation. Multiple studies have found that myricetin has anticancer characteristics in various malignancies, including colon, breast, prostate, bladder, and pancreatic cancers. Current knowledge of the anticancer effects of myricetin reveals its promise as a potentially bioactive chemical produced from plants for the prevention and treatment of cancer. This review aimed to study the numerous bioactivities, mode of action, and modification of several cellular processes that myricetin possesses to impede the spread of cancer cells. This review also addresses the challenges and future prospects of using myricetin as a anticancer drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suneel Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Girls College Khargone, 451001, Khargone, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Nitin Swamy
- Fungal Biotechnology and Invertebrate Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to Be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Seema Rani
- Department of Chemistry, Government M. H. College of Home Science & Science for Women, Autonomous, Jabalpur, 482002, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijeet Garg
- Fungal Biotechnology and Invertebrate Pathology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepa Mishra
- Department of Biotechnology, Mata Gujri Mahila Mahavidyalaya Jabalpur, 482001, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Hadi Sajid Abdulabbas
- Continuous Education Department, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Al-Ameed, Karbala, 56001, Iraq
| | - Sardul Singh Sandhu
- Bio-Design Innovation Centre, Rani Durgavati University, Jabalpur, 482001, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Muñoz AL, Cuéllar AF, Arévalo G, Santamaría BD, Rodríguez AK, Buendia-Atencio C, Reyes Chaparro A, Tenorio Barajas AY, Segura NA, Bello F, Suárez AI, Rangel HR, Losada-Barragán M. Antiviral activity of myricetin glycosylated compounds isolated from Marcetia taxifolia against chikungunya virus. EXCLI JOURNAL 2023; 22:716-731. [PMID: 37662709 PMCID: PMC10471840 DOI: 10.17179/excli2023-6242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) has produced epidemic outbreaks of significant public health impact. The clinical symptoms of this disease are fever, polyarthralgia, and skin rash, generally self-limiting, although patients may develop a chronic disabling condition or suffer lethal complications. Unfortunately, there is no specific treatment or vaccine available. Thus, the search for effective therapies to control CHIKV infection is an urgent need. This study evaluated the antiviral activity of flavonoids isolated from Marcetia taxifolia by in vitro and in silico analysis. Cytotoxicity of compounds was determined by MTT assay and viral load was assessed in cell substrates supernatants by plaque-forming and RT-qPCR assays. Selected molecules were analyzed by molecular docking assays. Myricetin 3-rhamnoside (MR) and myricetin 3-(6-rhamnosylgalactoside) (MRG) were tested for antiviral assays and analyzed by the TCID50 method and RT-qPCR. MR exhibited dose-dependent antiviral activity, reducing viral titer at concentrations of 150-18.8 μg/mL by at least 1-log. Similarly, MRG showed a significant decrease in viral titer at concentrations of 37.5, 9.4, and 2.3 μg/mL. RT-qPCR analysis also displayed a substantial reduction of CHIKV RNA for both flavonoids. Furthermore, molecular docking of the selected flavonoids proposed the nsP3 macrodomain as a possible target of action. Our study reveals that MR and MRG could be considered promising anti-CHIKV therapeutic agents. Molecular modeling studies showed MR and MRG ligands with a high affinity for the N-terminal region of the nsP3 macrodomain, postulating them as a potential target of action for the CHIKV control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luisa Muñoz
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Gabriela Arévalo
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Anny K. Rodríguez
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Antonio Nariño (UAN), Bogotá 110231, Colombia
| | | | - Andrés Reyes Chaparro
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Departamento de Morfología, del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico
| | - Aldo Yair Tenorio Barajas
- Facultad de Ciencias Físicomatemáticas, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla C.U. Puebla, Puebla, Mexico
| | - Nidya Alexandra Segura
- Faculty of Science, Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia, Tunja 150003, Colombia
| | - Felio Bello
- Faculty of Agricultural and Livestock Sciences, Program of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad de La Salle, Bogotá 110141, Colombia
| | - Alírica I. Suárez
- Natural Products Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Héctor R. Rangel
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Caracas, Venezuela
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fredsgaard M, Kaniki SEK, Antonopoulou I, Chaturvedi T, Thomsen MH. Phenolic Compounds in Salicornia spp. and Their Potential Therapeutic Effects on H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV: A Review. Molecules 2023; 28:5312. [PMID: 37513186 PMCID: PMC10384198 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite public health risk mitigation measures and regulation efforts by many countries, regions, and sectors, viral outbreaks remind the world of our vulnerability to biological hazards and the importance of mitigation actions. The saltwater-tolerant plants in the Salicornia genus belonging to the Amaranthaceae family are widely recognized and researched as producers of clinically applicable phytochemicals. The plants in the Salicornia genus contain flavonoids, flavonoid glycosides, and hydroxycinnamic acids, including caffeic acid, ferulic acid, chlorogenic acid, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, isorhamnetin, myricetin, isoquercitrin, and myricitrin, which have all been shown to support the antiviral, virucidal, and symptom-suppressing activities. Their potential pharmacological usefulness as therapeutic medicine against viral infections has been suggested in many studies, where recent studies suggest these phenolic compounds may have pharmacological potential as therapeutic medicine against viral infections. This study reviews the antiviral effects, the mechanisms of action, and the potential as antiviral agents of the aforementioned phenolic compounds found in Salicornia spp. against an influenza A strain (H1N1), hepatitis B and C (HBV/HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1), as no other literature has described these effects from the Salicornia genus at the time of publication. This review has the potential to have a significant societal impact by proposing the development of new antiviral nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals derived from phenolic-rich formulations found in the edible Salicornia spp. These formulations could be utilized as a novel strategy by which to combat viral pandemics caused by H1N1, HBV, HCV, and HIV-1. The findings of this review indicate that isoquercitrin, myricetin, and myricitrin from Salicornia spp. have the potential to exhibit high efficiency in inhibiting viral infections. Myricetin exhibits inhibition of H1N1 plaque formation and reverse transcriptase, as well as integrase integration and cleavage. Isoquercitrin shows excellent neuraminidase inhibition. Myricitrin inhibits HIV-1 in infected cells. Extracts of biomass in the Salicornia genus could contribute to the development of more effective and efficient measures against viral infections and, ultimately, improve public health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Io Antonopoulou
- Biochemical Process Engineering, Division of Chemical Engineering, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, SE-97187 Luleå, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Sharma R, Bhattu M, Tripathi A, Verma M, Acevedo R, Kumar P, Rajput VD, Singh J. Potential medicinal plants to combat viral infections: A way forward to environmental biotechnology. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 227:115725. [PMID: 37001848 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The viral diseases encouraged scientific community to evaluate the natural antiviral bioactive components rather than protease inhibitors, harmful organic molecules or nucleic acid analogues. For this purpose, medicinal plants have been gaining tremendous importance in the field of attenuating the various kinds of infectious and non-infectious diseases. Most of the commonly used medicines contains the bioactive components/phytoconstituents that are generally extracted from medicinal plants. Moreover, the medicinal plants offer many advantages for the recovery applications of infectious disease especially in viral infections including HIV-1, HIV-2, Enterovirus, Japanese Encephalitis Virus, Hepatitis B virus, Herpes Virus, Respiratory syncytial virus, Chandipura virus and Influenza A/H1N1. Considering the lack of acceptable drug candidates and the growing antimicrobial resistance to existing drug molecules for many emerging viral diseases, medicinal plants may offer best platform to develop sustainable/efficient/economic alternatives against viral infections. In this regard, for exploring and analyzing large volume of scientific data, bibliometric analysis was done using VOS Viewer shedding light on the emerging areas in the field of medicinal plants and their antiviral activity. This review covers most of the plant species that have some novel bioactive compound like gnidicin, gniditrin, rutin, apigenin, quercetin, kaempferol, curcumin, tannin and oleuropin which showed high efficacy to inhibit the several disease causing virus and their mechanism of action in HIV, Covid-19, HBV and RSV were discussed. Moreover, it also delves the in-depth mechanism of medicinal with challenges and future prospective. Therefore, this work delves the key role of environment in the biological field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rhydum Sharma
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Monika Bhattu
- Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
| | - Ashutosh Tripathi
- University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, 140413, Punjab, India
| | - Meenakshi Verma
- Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| | - Roberto Acevedo
- San Sebastián University, Campus Bellavista 7, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pradeep Kumar
- Department of Botany, MMV, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344090, Russia
| | - Jagpreet Singh
- Department of Chemistry, University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sun YL, Zhao PP, Zhu CB, Jiang MC, Li XM, Tao JL, Hu CC, Yuan B. Integrating metabolomics and network pharmacology to assess the effects of quercetin on lung inflammatory injury induced by human respiratory syncytial virus. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8051. [PMID: 37198253 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35272-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QR) has significant anti-respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) effects. However, its therapeutic mechanism has not been thoroughly explored. In this study, a lung inflammatory injury model caused by RSV was established in mice. Untargeted lung tissue metabolomics was used to identify differential metabolites and metabolic pathways. Network pharmacology was used to predict potential therapeutic targets of QR and analyze biological functions and pathways modulated by QR. By overlapping the results of the metabolomics and the network pharmacology analyses, the common targets of QR that were likely to be involved in the amelioration of RSV-induced lung inflammatory injury by QR were identified. Metabolomics analysis identified 52 differential metabolites and 244 corresponding targets, while network pharmacology analysis identified 126 potential targets of QR. By intersecting these 244 targets with the 126 targets, hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT1), thymidine phosphorylase (TYMP), lactoperoxidase (LPO), myeloperoxidase (MPO), and cytochrome P450 19A1 (CYP19A1) were identified as the common targets. The key targets, HPRT1, TYMP, LPO, and MPO, were components of purine metabolic pathways. The present study demonstrated that QR effectively ameliorated RSV-induced lung inflammatory injury in the established mouse model. Combining metabolomics and network pharmacology showed that the anti-RSV effect of QR was closely associated with purine metabolism pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Lei Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Pei-Pei Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Cheng-Bi Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatric Respiratory Disease, Institute of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | | | - Xin-Min Li
- Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lei Tao
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Chan-Chan Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Bin Yuan
- Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Ciocan AG, Tecuceanu V, Enache-Preoteasa C, Mitoi EM, Helepciuc FE, Dimov TV, Simon-Gruita A, Cogălniceanu GC. Phenological and Environmental Factors' Impact on Secondary Metabolites in Medicinal Plant Cotinus coggygria Scop. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:plants12091762. [PMID: 37176820 PMCID: PMC10181090 DOI: 10.3390/plants12091762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Cotinus coggygria Scop. (smoketree) is a phytotherapeutically valuable shrub growing in specific areas in many Eurasian countries. Exploring the intrinsic and extrinsic (abiotic) factors that modulate its secondary metabolism has fundamental and applicative importance. Three smoketree plants from the same population were studied for a period of 4.5 months. Their extracts were characterized using LC-MS/MS, HPLC-UV-VIS-DAD and colorimetric assays to determine the chemical composition and antioxidant potential. Multivariate analysis was applied to correlate the metabolomic data with registered habitat variables and phenological stages. The identified and quantified compounds belonged to the flavonoids (myricetin-3-O-galactoside, myricitrin) and hydrolysable tannins groups (pentagalloyl glucose, methyl gallate, methyl digallate I). Phenolic compounds and tannins were synthesized abundantly in the flowering and fruit stages, whereas flavonoids and triterpenes accumulated during senescence. The antioxidant activities varied between detection methods, samplings and individuals and were only punctually correlated with the compound contents in certain phenological stages. Based on the HCAbp analysis, the samples clustered under four groups, according to their metabolic profile. The CCA analysis revealed that during the reproductive stages (flower, fruit or seed), the secondary metabolism of the plants' leaves is sensitive to the action of abiotic factors, while in senescence, the metabolic content is according to the phenological phase. This study provides a first attempt at understanding the interplay between the habitat and the metabolome of smoketree.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra-Gabriela Ciocan
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victorița Tecuceanu
- "C.D. Nenitzescu" Institute of Organic and Supramolecular Chemistry, Romanian Academy, 202 B Spl. Independentei, 060023 Bucharest, Romania
| | | | - Elena Monica Mitoi
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Florența Elena Helepciuc
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Tatiana Vassu Dimov
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alexandra Simon-Gruita
- Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, Splaiul Independentei 91-95, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gina Carmen Cogălniceanu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology Bucharest of Romanian Academy, 296 Splaiul Independenței Street, 060031 Bucharest, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
A road to contemporary era of hepatitis B virus regimen replacing existing therapeutics exploiting plant secondary metabolites as emerging heroes in exploring drugs: An expedition for a functional cure. GENE REPORTS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2023.101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
|
13
|
Long P, Xia Y, Yang Y, Cao J. Network-based pharmacology and molecular docking exploring the "Bupleuri Radix-Scutellariae Radix" mechanism of action in the viral hepatitis B treatment. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e31835. [PMID: 36482557 PMCID: PMC9726313 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000031835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viral hepatitis B is caused by the hepatitis B virus, which is characterized by liver lesions. Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix are the main traditional medicine pairs with remarkable efficacy in hepatitis B. However, their molecular mechanisms are incompletely understood. The main active components of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix, as well as therapeutic targets for the treatment of hepatitis B, were identified through network pharmacology techniques. We identified viral hepatitis B targets using the GeneCards, online mendelian inheritance in man, and therapeutic target databases. We discovered the active components of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix as well as therapeutic targets using the encyclopedia of traditional Chinese medicine, HERB, traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database, and a bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine databases. VENNY obtained the intersections. Cytoscape and STRING were used to create the "active ingredient-potential target" network and protein interaction network. The DAVID database was used to enrich GO and KEGG pathways. The results were confirmed using the molecular docking method. There were 1827 viral hepatitis B targets, and 37 active ingredients for Bupleuri and Scutellariae Radix, with the main components being quercetin, wogonin, baicalein, and kaempferol. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF), mitogen-activated protein kinase 3 (MAPK3), interleukin-6 (IL-6), vascular endothelial growth factor A, cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase 3, transcription factor AP-1 (JUN), RAC-alpha serine/threonine-protein kinase, and cellular tumor antigen p53 are among the 78 common targets of Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix intervention in viral hepatitis B. KEGG enrichment resulted in 107 pathways, including cancer, hepatitis B, and TNF signaling pathways. According to the molecular docking technique, quercetin, wogonin, baicalein, and kaempferol had strong binding activities with TNF, MAPK3, and IL-6. In this study, we initially identified various molecular targets and multiple pathways involved in hepatitis B treatment with Bupleuri Radix and Scutellariae Radix.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piao Long
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yu Xia
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuying Yang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jianzhong Cao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, China
- * Correspondence: Jianzhong Cao, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Diagnostics in Chinese Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, No. 300, Xueshi Road, Yuelu District, Changsha 410208, Hunan, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chen S, Zhang L, Chen Y, Fu L. Inhibiting Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide in HBV-Related Diseases: From Biological Function to Therapeutic Potential. J Med Chem 2022; 65:12546-12561. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siwei Chen
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Lan Zhang
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Leilei Fu
- Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Biomimetic Synthesis of Natural Drugs, School of Life Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Saputro AH, Artarini AA, Tjahjono DH, Damayanti S. The long and stumble way to find potential active compounds from plants for defeating hepatitis B and C: review. PHARMACIA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/pharmacia.69.e85160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis is a liver illness caused by virus such as hepatitis A virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Hepatitis B and C are considerably more usual and induce more cirrhosis and dead worldwide than hepatitis A. Although drugs that are currently often used in the medication of hepatitis B and C, the finding of recent drug from various resources including herbal has been intensively developed. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to consider the possibility of plant’s compounds as anti-HBV and anti-HCV. From the results of a review of several articles, several plant’s compound have shown effectiveness againts HBV and HCV by in silico, in vitro and in vivo studies. In conclusion, several plant’s active compounds are possibility to be developed as anti-hepatitis B and C.
Collapse
|
16
|
Li C, Yan X, Xu Z, Wang Y, Shen X, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Wang P. Pathway elucidation of bioactive rhamnosylated ginsenosides in Panax ginseng and their de novo high-level production by engineered Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Commun Biol 2022; 5:775. [PMID: 35918414 PMCID: PMC9345943 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Rg2 and Re are both rhamnose-containing ginsenosides isolated exclusively from Panax plants, which exhibit broad spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, limitations of current plant-relied manufacturing methods have largely hampered their medical applications. Here, we report elucidation of the complete biosynthetic pathway of these two ginsenosides by the identification of a rhamnosyltransferase PgURT94 from Panax ginseng. We then achieve de novo bio-production of Rg2 and Re from glucose by reconstituting their biosynthetic pathways in yeast. Through stepwise strain engineering and fed-batch fermentation, the maximum yield of Rg2 and Re reach 1.3 and 3.6 g/L, respectively. Our work completes the identification of the last missing enzyme for Rg2 and Re biosynthesis and achieves their high-level production by engineered yeasts. Once scaled, this microbial biosynthesis platform will enable a robust and stable supply of Rg2 and Re and facilitate their food and medical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chaojing Li
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xing Yan
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenzhen Xu
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.,School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yan Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Shen
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Logic Informatics Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Zhihua Zhou
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| | - Pingping Wang
- CAS-Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zhu Y, Scholle F, Kisthardt SC, Xie DY. Flavonols and dihydroflavonols inhibit the main protease activity of SARS-CoV-2 and the replication of human coronavirus 229E. Virology 2022; 571:21-33. [PMID: 35439707 PMCID: PMC9002334 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Since December 2019, the deadly novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused the current COVID-19 pandemic. To date, vaccines are available in the developed countries to prevent the infection of this virus; however, medicines are necessary to help control COVID-19. Human coronavirus 229E (HCoV-229E) causes the common cold. The main protease (Mpro) is an essential enzyme required for the multiplication of these two viruses in the host cells, and thus is an appropriate candidate to screen potential medicinal compounds. Flavonols and dihydroflavonols are two groups of plant flavonoids. In this study, we report docking simulation with two Mpro enzymes and five flavonols and three dihydroflavonols, in vitro inhibition of the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro, and in vitro inhibition of the HCoV 229E replication. The docking simulation results predicted that (+)-dihydrokaempferol, (+)- dihydroquercetin, (+)-dihydromyricetin, kaempferol, quercetin, myricentin, isoquercitrin, and rutin could bind to at least two subsites (S1, S1’, S2, and S4) in the binding pocket and inhibit the activity of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. Their affinity scores ranged from −8.8 to −7.4 (kcal/mol). Likewise, these compounds were predicted to bind and inhibit the HCoV-229E Mpro activity with affinity scores ranging from −7.1 to −7.8 (kcal/mol). In vitro inhibition assays showed that seven available compounds effectively inhibited the SARS-CoV-2 Mpro activity and their IC50 values ranged from 0.125 to 12.9 μM. Five compounds inhibited the replication of HCoV-229E in Huh-7 cells. These findings indicate that these antioxidative flavonols and dihydroflavonols are promising candidates for curbing the two viruses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhu
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Frank Scholle
- Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | - De-Yu Xie
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS, Abdelwahid MAS, Alqahtani AS, Alanzi AR. Novel anti-hepatitis B virus-active catechin and epicatechin from Rhus tripartita. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:398. [PMID: 35619632 PMCID: PMC9115632 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Bioactive natural or phytoproducts have emerged as a potential source of antiviral agents. Of the Rhus spp., R. coriaria and R. succedanea have been reported for their antiviral activities against hepatitis B virus (HBV), while the anti-HBV efficacy of R. tripartita has remained elusive. In the present study, the anti-HBV activities of R. tripartita-derived novel catechin [3,5,13,14-flavantetrol-catechin or rhuspartin (RPT)] and epicatechin-3-O-rhamnoside (ECR), were assessed using the HBV-reporter cell line HepG2.2.15. RPT and ECR proved to efficiently inhibit HBV surface antigen (HBsAg) synthesis by 68.8 and 71.3%, respectively, and HBV pre-core antigen (HBeAg) production by 62.3 and 71.2%, respectively, after 5 days of treatment. Of note, RPT had a lower anti-HBV activity than ECR. In comparison, the reference drug lamivudine (LAM) inhibited HBsAg and HBeAg expression by 83.6 and 85.4%, respectively. Further molecular docking analysis revealed formations of strong complexes of RPT, ECR and LAM with HBV polymerase through interactions with binding pocket residues. Taken together, the present results demonstrated promising therapeutic potential of the novel R. tripartita-derived catechin and epicatechin for HBV, warranting their further molecular and pharmacological evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K. Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. S. Abdelwahid
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah R. Alanzi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
In Silico Analysis of Plant Flavonoids as Potential Inhibitors of Newcastle Disease Virus V Protein. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10050935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Newcastle disease is a viral infection causing serious economic losses to the global poultry industry. The V protein of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) is a pathogenicity determinant having various functions such as the suppression of apoptosis and replication of the NDV. This study was designed to assess the resistance potential of plant flavonoids against the V protein of Newcastle disease virus. Sequence analysis was performed using EXPASY and ProtParam tools. To build the three-dimensional structure of V protein, a homology-modeling method was used. Plant flavonoids with formerly reported therapeutic benefits were collected from different databases to build a library for virtual screening. Docking analysis was performed using the modeled structure of V protein on MOE software. Interaction analysis was also performed by MOE to explain the results of docking. Sequence analysis and physicochemical properties showed that V protein is negatively charged, acidic in nature, and relatively unstable. The 3D structure of the V protein showed eight β-pleated sheets, three helices, and ten coiled regions. Based on docking score, ten flavonoids were selected as potential inhibitors of V protein. Furthermore, a common configuration was obtained among these ten flavonoids. The interaction analysis also identified the atoms involved in every interaction of flavonoid and V protein. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation confirmed the stability of two compounds, quercetin-7-O-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-galactopyranoside] and luteolin 7-O-neohesperidoside, at 100 ns with V protein. The identified compounds through molecular docking and MD simulation could have potential as NDV-V protein inhibitor after further validation. This study could be useful for the designing of anti-NDV drugs.
Collapse
|
20
|
Cayona R, Creencia E. Phytochemicals of Euphorbia hirta L. and Their Inhibitory Potential Against SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 8:801401. [PMID: 35187071 PMCID: PMC8855059 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.801401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Euphorbia hirta L. is a medicinal plant widely used in the Philippines and across tropical Asia against various diseases, including respiratory disorders. In this study, the phytochemical components of E. hirta were investigated in silico for their potential to inhibit the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) drug target that plays a critical role in the infection process of SARS-CoV-2. Phytochemical mining in tandem with virtual screening (PM-VS) was the strategy implemented in this study, which allows efficient preliminary in silico assessment of the COVID-19 therapeutic potential of the reported phytochemicals from the plant. The main rationale for considering E. hirta in the investigation was its reported efficacy against respiratory disorders. It is very promising to investigate the phytochemicals of E. hirta for their potential efficacy against diseases, such as COVID-19, that also target the respiratory system. A total of 298 E. hirta phytochemicals were comprehensively collected from the scientific literature. One hundred seventy of these phytochemicals were computed through molecular docking and were shown to have comparable or better binding properties (promising inhibitors) toward SARS-CoV-2 Mpro than known in vitro inhibitors. In connection to our previous work considering different medicinal plants, antiviral compounds were also rediscovered from the phytochemical composition of E. hirta. This finding provides additional basis for the potential of the plant (or its phytochemicals) as a COVID-19 therapeutic directly targeting drug targets such as SARS-CoV-2 Mpro and/or addressing respiratory-system-related symptoms. The study also highlights the utility of PM-VS, which can be efficiently implemented in the preliminary steps of drug discovery and development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ruel Cayona
- *Correspondence: Ruel Cayona, ; Evelyn Creencia,
| | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS, Tabish Rehman M, Al-Rehaily AJ, Alqahtani A, Alajmi MF. The anti-hepatitis B virus and anti-hepatotoxic efficacies of solanopubamine, a rare alkaloid from Solanum schimperianum. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:359-368. [PMID: 35527834 PMCID: PMC9068741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic liver disease caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains an important health issue. Though there are effective HBV-polymerase inhibitors (e.g., lamivudine), their prolonged use leads to emergence of drug-resistant (polymerase mutant) strains. Several herbal formulations and phytochemicals have been therefore, reported as potential anti-HBV agents with no sign of resistance in experimental and clinical settings. In this study, we assessed the anti-HBV as well as hepatoprotective salutations of solanopubamine, a rare alkaloid isolated from S. schimperianum. In cultured HepG2.2.15 cells, solanopubamine showed marked anti-HBV activity in a time and dose-dependent manner. Solanopubamine (30 μM) efficiently inhibited HBsAg and HBeAg expressions by 66.5%, 70.5%, respectively as compared to 82.5% and 86.5% respective inhibition by lamivudine (2 μM) at day 5. Molecular docking analyses of solanopubamine revealed formations of stable complexes with lamivudine-sensitive as well as lamivudine-resistant polymerase through interactions of catalytic ‘YMDD/YIDD’ motif residues. Moreover, solanopubamine attenuated DCFH-induced oxidative and apoptotic damage and restored HepG2 cell viability by 28.5%, and downregulated caspase-3/7 activations by 33%. Further docking analyses of solanopubamine showed formation of stable complexes with caspase-3/7. Taken together, our data demonstrates promising anti-HBV and anti-hepatotoxic therapeutic potential of solanopubamine, and warrants further molecular and pharmacological studies.
Collapse
|
22
|
Mothana RA, Arbab AH, ElGamal AA, Parvez MK, Al-Dosari MS. Isolation and Characterization of Two Chalcone Derivatives with Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity from the Endemic Socotraen Dracaena cinnabari (Dragon’s Blood Tree). Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27030952. [PMID: 35164217 PMCID: PMC8838591 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is prevalent and continues to be a global health concern. In this study, we determined the anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) potential of the Socotra-endemic medicinal plant Dracaena cinnabari and isolated and characterized the responsible constituents. A bioassay-guided fractionation using different chromatographic techniques of the methanolic extract of D. cinnabari led to the isolation of two chalcone derivatives. Using a variety of spectroscopic techniques, including 1H-, 13C-, and 2D-NMR, these derivatives were identified as 2,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone (compound 1) and 2,4’-dihydroxy-4-methoxyhydrochalcone (compound 2). Both compounds were isolated for the first time from the red resin (dragon’s blood) of D. cinnabari. The compounds were first evaluated for cytotoxicity on HepG2.2.15 cells and 50% cytotoxicity concentration (CC50) values were determined. They were then evaluated for anti-HBV activity against HepG2.2.15 cells by assessing the suppression of HBsAg and HBeAg production in the culture supernatants and their half maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) and therapeutic index (TI) values were determined. Compounds 1 and 2 indicated inhibition of HBsAg production in a dose- and time-dependent manner with IC50 values of 20.56 and 6.36 μg/mL, respectively.
Collapse
|
23
|
Abubakar IB, Kankara SS, Malami I, Danjuma JB, Muhammad YZ, Yahaya H, Singh D, Usman UJ, Ukwuani-Kwaja AN, Muhammad A, Ahmed SJ, Folami SO, Falana MB, Nurudeen QO. Traditional medicinal plants used for treating emerging and re-emerging viral diseases in northern Nigeria. Eur J Integr Med 2022; 49:102094. [PMID: 36573184 PMCID: PMC9760313 DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2021.102094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction For decades, viral diseases have been treated using medicinal plants and herbal practices in the northern part of Nigeria. Though scarcely investigated, these medicinal plants could serve as potential sources for novel antiviral drugs against emerging and remerging viral diseases. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the medicinal practices and plants used to treat emerging and re-emerging viral diseases including hepatitis, poliomyelitis, monkeypox, smallpox, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, and COVID-19 in some northern states; Katsina, Kebbi, Kwara and Sokoto states. Method Administered questionnaires and oral interviews were used to collect information on medicinal plants, method of preparation of herbal formulations, diagnosis, and treatment of viral diseases. Medicinal plants were collected, botanically identified, and assigned voucher numbers. The plant names were verified using www.theplantlist.org, www.worldfloraonline.org and the international plant names index. Result A total of 280 participating herbal medicine practitioners (HMPs) mentioned 131 plants belonging to 65 families. Plant parts such as roots, bark, leaf, seed, and fruit were prepared as a decoction, concoction, infusion, or ointment for oral and topical treatment of viral diseases. Moringa oleifera (75.3%), Elaeis guineensis Jacq. (80%), and Acacia nilotica (70%) were the most frequently mentioned plants in Kebbi, Kwara and Sokoto states, respectively. Conclusion The study revealed scarcely investigated and uninvestigated medicinal plants used to treat hepatitis, poliomyelitis, monkeypox, smallpox, yellow fever, Lassa fever, meningitis, and COVID-19. Future studies should be conducted to determine the antiviral potency and isolate novel bioactive agents from these plants against viral diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Babangida Abubakar
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria,Corresponding author
| | - Sulaiman Sani Kankara
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Applied Sciences, Umaru Musa Yar'adua University, PMB 2218 Katsina State, Nigeria
| | - Ibrahim Malami
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Jamilu Bala Danjuma
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | | | - Hafsat Yahaya
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Ethnopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Usmanu Danfodio University Sokoto, Nigeria
| | - Dharmendra Singh
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Umar Jaji Usman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Angela Nnenna Ukwuani-Kwaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Aliyu Muhammad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 810271, Nigeria
| | - Sanusi Jega Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | - Sulaimon Olayiwola Folami
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology, Aliero PMB 1144, Kebbi State, Nigeria
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bachar SC, Mazumder K, Bachar R, Aktar A, Al Mahtab M. A Review of Medicinal Plants with Antiviral Activity Available in Bangladesh and Mechanistic Insight Into Their Bioactive Metabolites on SARS-CoV-2, HIV and HBV. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:732891. [PMID: 34819855 PMCID: PMC8606584 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.732891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, viral infection is the most serious health issue which causing unexpected higher rate of death globally. Many viruses are not yet curable, such as corona virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis virus, human papilloma virus and so others. Furthermore, the toxicities and ineffective responses to resistant strains of synthetic antiviral drugs have reinforced the search of effective and alternative treatment options, such as plant-derived antiviral drug molecules. Therefore, in the present review, an attempt has been taken to summarize the medicinal plants reported for exhibiting antiviral activities available in Bangladesh along with discussing the mechanistic insights into their bioactive components against three most hazardous viruses, namely SARS-CoV-2, HIV, and HBV. The review covers 46 medicinal plants with antiviral activity from 25 families. Among the reported 79 bioactive compounds having antiviral activities isolated from these plants, about 37 of them have been reported for significant activities against varieties of viruses. Hesperidin, apigenin, luteolin, seselin, 6-gingerol, humulene epoxide, quercetin, kaempferol, curcumin, and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) have been reported to inhibit multiple molecular targets of SARS-CoV-2 viral replication in a number of in silico investigations. Besides, numerous in silico, in vitro, and in vivo bioassays have been demonstrated that EGCG, anolignan-A, and B, ajoene, curcumin, and oleanolic acid exhibit anti-HIV activity while piperine, ursolic acid, oleanolic acid, (+)-cycloolivil-4'-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, quercetin, EGCG, kaempferol, aloin, apigenin, rosmarinic acid, andrographolide, and hesperidin possess anti-HBV activity. Thus, the antiviral medicinal plants and the isolated bioactive compounds may be considered for further advanced investigations with the aim of the development of effective and affordable antiviral drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sitesh C Bachar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Kishor Mazumder
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh.,School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences and Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation, Charles Sturt University, Wagga, NSW, Australia
| | - Ritesh Bachar
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science and Engineering, University of Information Technology and Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Asma Aktar
- Department of Pharmacy, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Mamun Al Mahtab
- Department of Hepatology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hu H, Hu C, Peng J, Ghosh AK, Khan A, Sun D, Luyten W. Bioassay-Guided Interpretation of Antimicrobial Compounds in Kumu, a TCM Preparation From Picrasma quassioides' Stem via UHPLC-Orbitrap-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry Combined With Fragmentation and Retention Time Calculation. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:761751. [PMID: 34776978 PMCID: PMC8581800 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.761751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The stem of Picrasma quassioides (PQ) was recorded as a prominent traditional Chinese medicine, Kumu, which was effective for microbial infection, inflammation, fever, and dysentery, etc. At present, Kumu is widely used in China to develop different medicines, even as injection (Kumu zhusheye), for combating infections. However, the chemical basis of its antimicrobial activity has still not been elucidated. To examine the active chemicals, its stem was extracted to perform bioassay-guided purification against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. In this study, two types of columns (normal and reverse-phase) were used for speedy bioassay-guided isolation from Kumu, and the active peaks were collected and identified via an UHPLC-Orbitrap-Ion Trap Mass Spectrometer, combined with MS Fragmenter and ChromGenius. For identification, the COCONUT Database (largest database of natural products) and a manually built PQ database were used, in combination with prediction and calculation of mass fragmentation and retention time to better infer their structures, especially for isomers. Moreover, three standards were analyzed under different conditions for developing and validating the MS method. A total of 25 active compounds were identified, including 24 alkaloids and 1 triterpenoid against S. aureus, whereas only β-carboline-1-carboxylic acid and picrasidine S were active against E. coli. Here, the good antimicrobial activity of 18 chemicals was reported for the first time. Furthermore, the spectrum of three abundant β-carbolines was assessed via their IC50 and MBC against various human pathogens. All of them exhibited strong antimicrobial activities with good potential to be developed as antibiotics. This study clearly showed the antimicrobial chemical basis of Kumu, and the results demonstrated that HRMS coupled with MS Fragmenter and ChromGenius was a powerful tool for compound analysis, which can be used for other complex samples. Beta-carbolines reported here are important lead compounds in antibiotic discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Hu
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Changling Hu
- Laboratory for Functional Foods and Human Health, Center for Excellence in Postharvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, North Carolina Research Campus, Kannapolis, NC, United States
| | - Jinnian Peng
- National Engineering Research Center for Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine - Hakka Medical Resources Branch, School of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Alokesh Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dan Sun
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,College of Life Sciences, NanKai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Walter Luyten
- Department of Biology, Animal Physiology and Neurobiology Section, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
Collapse
|
27
|
Parvez MK, Ahmed S, Al-Dosari MS, Abdelwahid MAS, Arbab AH, Al-Rehaily AJ, Al-Oqail MM. Novel Anti-Hepatitis B Virus Activity of Euphorbia schimperi and Its Quercetin and Kaempferol Derivatives. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:29100-29110. [PMID: 34746599 PMCID: PMC8567387 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Natural or plant
products, because of their structural diversity,
are a potential source for identifying new anti-hepatitis B virus
(HBV) agents. Here, we report the anti-HBV activity of Euphorbia schimperi and its quercetin (QRC) and kaempferol
derivatives. The anti-HBV-active methanol fraction of E. schimperi was subjected to chromatographic techniques,
leading to isolation of three flavonols, following their structure
determination by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies.
Their cytotoxicity and anti-HBV potential were assessed using HBV
reporter HepG2.2.15 cells, and their modes of action were delineated
by molecular docking. The isolated compounds identified as quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (Q3G), quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside
(Q3R), and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (K3G) were
non-cytotoxic to HepG2.2.15 cells. The viral HBsAg/HBeAg production
on day 5 was significantly inhibited by K3G (∼70.2/∼73.4%),
Q3G (∼67.8/∼72.1%), and Q3R (∼63.2%/∼68.2%)
as compared to QRC (∼70.3/∼74.8%) and lamivudine (∼76.5/∼84.5%)
used as standards. The observed in vitro anti-HBV
potential was strongly supported by in silico analysis,
which suggested their structure-based activity via interfering with viral Pol/RT and core proteins. In conclusion,
this is the first report on the anti-HBV activity of E. schimperi-derived quercitrin-3-O-glucuronide, quercitrin-3-O-rhamnoside, and kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide, most likely through interfering with HBV
proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad K. Parvez
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarfaraz Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Al-Dosari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mazin A. S. Abdelwahid
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Al-Neelain University, Khartoum 11114, Sudan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8576, Japan
| | - Ahmed H. Arbab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum 11111, Sudan
| | - Adnan J. Al-Rehaily
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M. Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Di Petrillo A, Orrù G, Fais A, Fantini MC. Quercetin and its derivates as antiviral potentials: A comprehensive review. Phytother Res 2021; 36:266-278. [PMID: 34709675 PMCID: PMC8662201 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin, widely distributed in fruits and vegetables, is a flavonoid known for its antioxidant, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory properties. Several studies highlight the potential use of quercetin as an antiviral, due to its ability to inhibit the initial stages of virus infection, to be able to interact with proteases important for viral replication, and to reduce inflammation caused by infection. Quercetin could also be useful in combination with other drugs to potentially enhance the effects or synergistically interact with them, in order to reduce their side effects and related toxicity. Since there is no comprehensive compilation about antiviral activities of quercetin and derivates, the aim of this review is providing a summary of their antiviral activities on a set of human viral infections along with mechanisms of action. Thus, the following family of viruses are examined: Flaviviridae, Herpesviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, Coronaviridae, Hepadnaviridae, Retroviridae, Picornaviridae, Pneumoviridae, and Filoviridae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amalia Di Petrillo
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Germano Orrù
- Department of Surgical Science, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Antonella Fais
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Massimo C Fantini
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Mohamed SB, Kambal S, Ibrahim SAE, Abdalwhab E, Munir A, Ibrahim A, Ali QM. Bioinformatics in Sudan: Status and challenges case study: The National University-Sudan. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009462. [PMID: 34673773 PMCID: PMC8530284 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever increasing applications of bioinformatics in providing effective interpretation of large and complex biological data require expertise in the use of sophisticated computational tools and advanced statistical tests, skills that are mostly lacking in the Sudanese research community. This can be attributed to paucity in the development and promotion of bioinformatics, lack of senior bioinformaticians, and the general status quo of inadequate research funding in Sudan. In this paper, we describe the challenges that have encountered the development of bioinformatics as a discipline in Sudan. Additionally, we highlight on specific actions that may help develop and promote its education and training. The paper takes the National University Biomedical Research Institute (NUBRI) as an example of an institute that has tackled many of these challenges and strives to drive powerful efforts in the development of bioinformatics in the country. Bioinformatics is gaining recognition globally and in Sudan as an important subdiscipline of biological sciences, one that enables researchers to efficiently interpret complex biological data. A limited number of Sudanese academic institutions have acknowledged this field despite its increasingly recognized importance. The development of bioinformatics in the country requires interdisciplinary collaborations involving experts in life sciences, research methodology, healthcare, computer, and data sciences. This can be achieved through designing educational programs and workshops alongside proposing and establishing effective collaborative research projects. In this context, we comprehensively discussed the present state of bioinformatics in Sudan, the challenges faced, as well as the efforts exerted by academic institutions including NUBRI, to upgrade infrastructure and establish local and international collaborations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofia B. Mohamed
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Department, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
- * E-mail:
| | - Sumaya Kambal
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Department, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Sabah A. E. Ibrahim
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Department, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Esra Abdalwhab
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Department, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Abdalla Munir
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Department, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Arwa Ibrahim
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Department, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Qurashi Mohamed Ali
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Department, National University Biomedical Research Institute, National University-Sudan, Khartoum, Sudan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tan M, Ren F, Yang X. Anti-HBV therapeutic potential of small molecule 3,5,6,7,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone in vitro and in vivo. Virology 2021; 560:66-75. [PMID: 34051476 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Current treatment methods for hepatitis B are mainly antiviral drug therapy and immunotherapy, in which antiviral drugs are mainly nucleoside analogue and interferon. They can significantly reduce the viral load but rarely achieve hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) loss. 3,5,6,7,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone was screened out from a small molecule compound library for its lower cytotoxic effect and greater HBsAg inhibition activity. Meanwhile, we further performed experiments in HepG2.2.15, HepG2-NTCP cells, PHHs and HBV transgenic mouse model to evaluate the anti-HBV effects of 3,5,6,7,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone. Our study found that 3,5,6,7,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone can significantly reduce the level of HBV RNAs, HBV DNA and HBsAg, in addition, the activity of four HBV promoters and the ratio of total RNAs/cccDNA and 3.5 kb RNA/cccDNA were decreased by 3,5,6,7,3',4'-Hexamethoxyflavone. Mechanistically, we found HNF3α plays important roles in Hex mediated HBV transcription inhibition. Our study indicated Hex was a potential anti-HBV therapeutic drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Tan
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Ren
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Infectious Diseases Designated by the Chinese Ministry of Education, Institute for Viral Hepatitis, Department of Infectious Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Muhseen ZT, Hameed AR, Al-Bhadly O, Ahmad S, Li G. Natural products for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria: An integrated computational approach. Comput Biol Med 2021; 134:104415. [PMID: 33910128 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2021.104415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a life-threatening infectious disease with an estimated 229 million cases in the year 2019 worldwide. Plasmodium falciparum 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase (PfDXR) is one of the key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway of isoprenoid, (required for parasite growth and survival) and considered as an attractive target for designing anti-malarial drugs. Fosmidomycin is an effective DXR inhibitor and has been proven effective and safe against P. falciparum in clinical trials. However, due to low bioavailability and inappropriate drug attributes, it is not a preferred option. The present study was performed to identify PfDXR inhibitors with improved pharmacology/safety. For this purpose, an integrated computational framework, comprising of pharmacophore modeling, virtual screening, molecular docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and MM/PBSA, was used. The binding free energy analysis was performed using a focused library of phytochemicals established from medicinal plants. The study identified four bioactive compounds namely, Myricetin 3-rhamnoside, 7-O-Galloyltricetiflavan, (25S)-5-beta-spirostan-3-beta-ol 3-O-beta-d-glucopyranosyl-(1->2)-beta-d-glucopyranoside, and Oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-d-glucopyranoside as potential inhibitors of PfDXR. The selection of these four compounds was based on pharmacophore mapping, docking score, binding stability, molecular interactions with the residues of PfDXR active site, binding stability and free energy estimation. In conclusion, medicinal plant-based scaffolds were predicted with enhanced efficacy and adequate physiochemical/pharmacokinetic profile that might be helpful in controlling malaria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ziyad Tariq Muhseen
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Alaa R Hameed
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, School of Life Sciences, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Ola Al-Bhadly
- Department of Medical Laboratory Techniques, School of Life Sciences, Dijlah University College, Baghdad, Iraq.
| | - Sajjad Ahmad
- Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, 25000, Pakistan.
| | - Guanglin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Medicinal Plant Resource and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China; School of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Dirar AI, Devkota HP. Ethnopharmacological uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113433. [PMID: 33011373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Guiera senegalensis J.F. Gmel. (Combretaceae), commonly known as "Gubeish" in Sudan, is a small shrub abundant in semi-desert areas of the Sudano-Sahelian zone. It is widely used in African traditional medicine as a tonic and for the treatment of many complications such as respiratory and gastrointestinal disorders, microbial and parasitic infections. AIM OF THE REVIEW The aim of this review is to critically analyze the reports on the traditional uses, ethnopharmacological studies, chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of G. senegalensis. METHODS Scientific information on G. senegalensis was retrieved from the online bibliographic databases (e.g. like MEDLINE/PubMed, SciFinder, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Elsevier, SpringerLink). Other scientific information was acquired from secondary resources including books and proceedings, library catalogs, and dissertations. RESULTS G. senegalensis is reported to be widely used traditionally for the treatment of various diseases in many African countries. Most of these studies are reported from Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali, Nigeria, Senegal, and Sudan. Phytochemical studies have revealed the presence of a total of 46 compounds belonging to major phytochemical classes namely; phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and triterpenes. Among them, galloylquinic acid derivatives and flavonoids are the most frequently reported constituents. The extracts and compounds have shown diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antiprotozoal activities and activities against gastrointestinal and respiratory disorders. CONCLUSION G. senegalensis is widely used in most African traditional medicine systems and used among African people for the treatment of many diseases. Although there are many reports on its biological activities, most of these studies are based on in vitro systems and only very few are based on in vivo systems. Also, some of these pharmacological data are insufficient and lack essential parameters such as proper positive and negative controls, and calculating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. From these studies, it is difficult to assess the future clinical potential of this plant without detailed studies in animal models or in humans. Similarly, there are not many reports on the action mechanism of the extracts and compounds. Future studies should focus to explore the therapeutic potential of G. senegalensis with advance experimental protocols and cutting-edge technologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amina Ibrahim Dirar
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Medicinal, Aromatic Plants and Traditional Medicine Research Institute (MAPTRI), National Center for Research, P.O. Box 2404, Mek Nimr Street, Khartoum, Sudan; Faculty of Clinical and Industrial Pharmacy, National University-Sudan, P.O. Box 3783, Al-Raki Area, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan; Program for Leading Graduate Schools, Health life Science: Interdisciplinary and Glocal Oriented (HIGO) Program, 5-1 Oe-honmachi, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 862-0973, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Ali SI, Sheikh WM, Rather MA, Venkatesalu V, Muzamil Bashir S, Nabi SU. Medicinal plants: Treasure for antiviral drug discovery. Phytother Res 2021; 35:3447-3483. [PMID: 33590931 PMCID: PMC8013762 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The pandemic of viral diseases like novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) prompted the scientific world to examine antiviral bioactive compounds rather than nucleic acid analogous, protease inhibitors, or other toxic synthetic molecules. The emerging viral infections significantly associated with 2019-nCoV have challenged humanity's survival. Further, there is a constant emergence of new resistant viral strains that demand novel antiviral agents with fewer side effects and cell toxicity. Despite significant progress made in immunization and regenerative medicine, numerous viruses still lack prophylactic vaccines and specific antiviral treatments that are so often influenced by the generation of viral escape mutants. Of importance, medicinal herbs offer a wide variety of therapeutic antiviral chemotypes that can inhibit viral replication by preventing viral adsorption, adhering to cell receptors, inhibiting virus penetration in the host cell, and competing for pathways of activation of intracellular signals. The present review will comprehensively summarize the promising antiviral activities of medicinal plants and their bioactive molecules. Furthermore, it will elucidate their mechanism of action and possible implications in the treatment/prevention of viral diseases even when their mechanism of action is not fully understood, which could serve as the base for the future development of novel or complementary antiviral treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Muzafar Ahmad Rather
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | | | - Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Lab, Division of veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| | - Showkat Ul Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, SKUAST-K, Srinagar, India
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
A Network Pharmacology Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Artemisiae scopariae Herba for the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:6614039. [PMID: 33623529 PMCID: PMC7875618 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6614039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background As a traditional Chinese medicine, Artemisiae scopariae Herba (ASH) is used to treat various liver diseases. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanisms of ASH for treating chronic hepatitis B (CHB) using a network pharmacological method. Methods Bioactive ingredients and related targets of ASH were obtained from Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology (TCMSP) database. Gene names of targets were extracted from UniProt database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of CHB were obtained from microarray dataset GSE83148. The intersect genes between DEGs and target genes were annotated using clusterProfiler package. The STRING database was used to obtain a network of protein-protein interactions. Cytoscape 3.7.2 was used to construct the “ingredient-gene-pathway” (IGP) network. Molecular docking studies were performed using Autodock vina. Results A total of 13 active components were extracted from TCMSP database. Fifteen intersect genes were obtained between 183 target genes and 403 DEGs of GSE83148. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis results showed that ASH against CHB mainly involved in toll-like receptor signaling pathway, cellular senescence, hepatitis B, and chemokine signaling pathway. We screened one hub compound, five core targets, and four key pathways from constructed networks. The docking results indicated the strong binding activity between quercetin and AKT1. Conclusions This study provides potential molecular mechanisms of ASH against CHB based on exploration of network pharmacology.
Collapse
|
35
|
In silico analysis of Phyllanthus amarus phytochemicals as potent drugs against SARS-CoV-2 main protease. CURRENT RESEARCH IN GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMISTRY 2021; 4. [PMCID: PMC8364217 DOI: 10.1016/j.crgsc.2021.100159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Phyllanthus amarus, also known as Bhui Korma in India, is well known for its medicinal properties and is used to treat several diseases worldwide. This study aims to identify phytochemicals from P. amarus and assess their anti-viral activity through in silico methods against the main protease (3CLPro/MPro) enzyme of the novel coronavirus. 190 compounds were obtained from literature and docked against 3CLPro and 16 compounds showed higher binding affinity with 3CLPro with their values lying between -8.9 kcal/mol to -9.6 kcal/mol. The top two compounds, Myricitrin (CID: 5352000) and Quercetin-3-O-glucuronide (CID: 12004528) gave high binding affinity values of -9.6 kcal/mol and -9.4 kcal/mol respectively and also display favourable binding interactions with the 3CLPro. Both the compounds were further subjected to molecular dynamics simulation and MM-PBSA based binding free energy calculations. ADMET and drug-likeness properties were studied to assess the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds. Favourable pharmacokinetic results reinforced the applicability of the compounds assessed. Along with continuous studies being carried out with chemical compounds, research needs to expand into all areas, including the use of natural compounds as drug compounds. The identified hits from this study can be taken further for in vitro and in vivo studies to examine their efficacy against COVID-19.
Collapse
|