1
|
Fabian E, Roskaric T, Pfeifer J, Wenzl H, Hammer HF, Lackner C, Rosanelli G, Krejs GJ. Clinical-Pathological Conference Series from the Medical University of Graz : Case No 166: An 82-year-old woman with voluminous diarrhea and weight loss. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2023; 135:429-435. [PMID: 36534207 PMCID: PMC10444654 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-022-02112-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine II , University Hospital Krems, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, Krems on the Danube, Austria
| | - Thomas Roskaric
- Department of Surgery, State Hospital Wolfsberg, Wolfsberg, Austria
| | - Johann Pfeifer
- Department of Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Heimo Wenzl
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Heinz F Hammer
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Georg Rosanelli
- Department of Surgery, Elisabethinen Hospital, Graz, Austria
| | - Guenter J Krejs
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 15, 8036, Graz, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park YY, Nam S, Han JH, Lee J, Cheong C. Predictive factors for conservative treatment failure of right colonic diverticulitis. Ann Surg Treat Res 2021; 100:347-355. [PMID: 34136431 PMCID: PMC8176199 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2021.100.6.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Conservative treatment is the first-line therapy for acute colonic diverticulitis without severe complications, but treatment failure may increase hospitalization duration, medical costs, and morbidities. Usage of the modified Hinchey classification is insufficient to predict the outcome of conservative management. We aimed to investigate the clinical efficacy of the modified Hinchey classification and to evaluate predictive factors such as inflammatory markers for the failure of conservative management. Methods Patients diagnosed with right colonic diverticulitis undergoing conservative treatment at 3 hospitals between 2017 and 2019 were included. Patients were categorized into conservative treatment success (n = 494) or failure (n = 46) groups. Clinical characteristics and blood inflammatory markers were assessed. Results The conservative treatment failure group presented with more elderly patients (>50 years, P = 0.002), more recurrent episodes (P < 0.001), a higher lymphocyte count (P = 0.021), higher C-reactive protein (CRP) levels (P = 0.044), and higher modified Glasgow prognostic scores (P = 0.021). Multivariate analysis revealed that age of >50 years (odds ratio [OR], 2.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27–5.08; P = 0.008), recurrent episodes (OR, 4.78; 95% CI, 2.38–9.61; P < 0.001), and higher CRP levels (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 1.03–1.12; P = 0.001) were predictive factors for conservative treatment failure, but not the modified Hinchey grade (P = 0.159). Conclusion Age of >50 years, recurrent episodes, and CRP levels are potential predictors for conservative management failure of patients with right-sided colonic diverticulitis. Further studies are warranted to identify candidates requiring early surgical intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Youn Young Park
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soomin Nam
- Department of Surgery, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Korea
| | - Jeong Hee Han
- Department of Surgery, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Jaeim Lee
- Department of Surgery, Uijeongbu St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chinock Cheong
- Department of Surgery, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
The Immediate, Hospital-Level Impact of Stay-at-Home Order on Diverticulitis Burden. J Gastrointest Surg 2021; 25:533-535. [PMID: 32930916 PMCID: PMC7491357 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-020-04798-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
4
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous data reveal that females account for a disproportionate majority of all patients diagnosed with diverticulitis. OBJECTIVE This study analyzed the variation in mortality from diverticular disease by sex. DESIGN This was a nationwide retrospective cohort study. SETTINGS Data were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research national registry. PATIENTS All citizens of the United States who died from an underlying cause of death of diverticulitis between January 1999 and December 2016 were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome addressed was overall mortality rate of diverticulitis by sex. Secondary outcomes included pattern variances in demographics and secondary causes of death. RESULTS During the study period, 55,096 patients (0.12%) died with an underlying cause of death of diverticulitis from a total of 44,915,066 deaths. Compared with other causes, females were disproportionally more likely to die from diverticulitis than males (0.17% females vs 0.08% males; p < 0.001). Age-adjusted incidence of death was higher for females compared with males. Female patients were less likely to die within the hospital compared with males (OR = 0.72 (95% CI, 0.69-0.75); p < 0.001). Conversely, female patients were more likely to die either at nursing homes or hospice facilities (OR = 1.64 (95% CI, 1.55-1.73); p < 0.001). In addition, females with an underlying cause of death of diverticulitis were less likely to have a surgical complication as their secondary cause of death (OR = 0.72 (95% CI, 0.66-0.78); p < 0.001) but more likely to have nonsurgical complications related to diverticulitis such as sepsis (OR = 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01-1.05); p < 0.03), nonsurgical GI disorders such as obstruction (OR = 1.16 (95% CI, 1.09-1.24); p < 0.001), or chronic pelvic fistulizing disease (OR = 1.43 (95% CI, 1.23-1.66); p < 0.001). LIMITATIONS The study was limited by a lack of more specific clinical data. CONCLUSIONS Females have a higher incidence of diverticular disease mortality. Their deaths are more commonly secondary to nonsurgical infections, obstruction, or pelvic fistulae. Female patients represent a particularly vulnerable population that may benefit from more intensive diverticulitis evaluation. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/B257. ¿EXISTEN VARIACIONES EN LA MORTALIDAD POR ENFERMEDAD DIVERTICULAR POR GÉNERO?: Los datos anteriores revelan que las mujeres representan una mayoría desproporcionada de todos los pacientes diagnosticados con diverticulitis.Este estudio analizó la variación en la mortalidad por enfermedad diverticular por género.Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo a nivel nacional.Los datos se obtuvieron del registro nacional WONDER del Centro de Control de Enfermedades.Se incluyeron todos los ciudadanos de los Estados Unidos que murieron por una causa subyacente de muerte (UCOD por sus siglas en inglés) de diverticulitis del 1 / 1999-12 / 2016.El resultado primario abordado fue la tasa de mortalidad general de la diverticulitis por género. Los resultados secundarios incluyeron variaciones de patrones en la demografía y causas secundarias de muerte.Falta de datos clínicos más específicos.Durante el período de estudio, 55.096 pacientes (0,12%) murieron con un UCOD de diverticulitis de un total de 44.915.066 muertes. En comparación con otras causas, las mujeres tenían una probabilidad desproporcionadamente mayor de morir de diverticulitis que los hombres (0.17% F vs. 0.08% M, p <0.001). La incidencia de muerte ajustada por edad fue mayor para las mujeres que para los hombres. Las pacientes femeninas tenían menos probabilidades de morir en el hospital en comparación con los hombres (OR 0.72, IC 0.69-0.75, p <0.001). Por el contrario, las pacientes femeninas tenían más probabilidades de morir en asilos de ancianos o en centros de cuidados paliativos (OR 1.64, IC 1.55-1.73, p <0.001). Además, las mujeres con una UCOD de diverticulitis tenían menos probabilidades de tener una complicación quirúrgica como causa secundaria de muerte (OR 0.72, CI 0.66-0.78, p <0.001) pero más probabilidades de tener complicaciones no quirúrgicas relacionadas con la diverticulitis, como sepsis (OR 1.04, CI 1.01-1.05, p <0.03), trastornos gastrointestinales no quirúrgicos como obstrucción (OR 1.16, CI 1.09-1.24, p <0.001), o enfermedad fistulizante pélvica crónica (OR 1.43, CI 1.23-1.66, p <0,001).Las mujeres tienen una mayor incidencia de mortalidad por enfermedad diverticular. Sus muertes son más comúnmente secundarias a infecciones no quirúrgicas, obstrucción o fístulas pélvicas. Las pacientes femeninas representan una población particularmente vulnerable que puede beneficiarse de una evaluación más intensiva de diverticulitis. Consulte Video Resumen en http://links.lww.com/DCR/B257.
Collapse
|
5
|
Rook JM, Dworsky JQ, Curran T, Banerjee S, Kwaan MR. Elective surgical management of diverticulitis. Curr Probl Surg 2020; 58:100876. [PMID: 33933211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpsurg.2020.100876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan M Rook
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Jill Q Dworsky
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Thomas Curran
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Sudeep Banerjee
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Mary R Kwaan
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sigurdardottir J, Chabok A, Thorisson A, Smedh K, Nikberg M. Elective surgery should be considered after successful conservative treatment of recurrent diverticular abscesses. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:454-459. [PMID: 32202966 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1740940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the disease pattern and treatment of diverticular abscesses.Methods: Patients treated for diverticulitis (K57) in Västmanland, Sweden were identified for this retrospective population-based study between January 2010 and December 2014. Patients with diverticular abscesses were included. The clinical and radiological data were extracted, and the computed tomography scans were reevaluated.Results: Of the 75 patients (45 women) with a median age of 62 years (range: 23-88 years), abscesses were localized pericolic in 42 patients (59%) and in the pelvis in 33 patients (41%). The median abscess size was 4.8 cm (range: 1.1-11.0 cm). Six patients (8%) required urgent surgical intervention during the index admission. The median follow-up time was 58 months (range: 0-95 months). During follow-up, 40 patients (58%) had disease recurrence and 35 of these patients (88%) presented with complicated diverticulitis. The median time until re-admission was 2 months (range: 3 days-94 months). Patients with pelvic abscesses developed fistulas more frequently, 3 versus 11 patients (p = .003). Twenty-three percent of patients with pericolic abscesses required surgery compared with 40% of patients with pelvic abscesses (p = .09). No patients had a recurrence of abscesses after a colonic resection.Conclusion: The majority of patients with diverticular abscesses had recurrences with repeated admissions regardless of abscess location. An unexpectedly high proportion of patients required surgical intervention during the follow-up period. A liberal approach regarding elective surgery for patients with recurrent diverticulitis abscesses who tolerate surgery seems justified.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sigurdardottir
- Surgical Department, Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital, Vasteras, Sweden
| | - A Chabok
- Surgical Department, Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital, Vasteras, Sweden
| | - A Thorisson
- Radiological Department, Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital, Vasteras, Sweden
| | - K Smedh
- Surgical Department, Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital, Vasteras, Sweden
| | - M Nikberg
- Surgical Department, Center for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Västmanland Hospital, Vasteras, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Amato A, Mataloni F, Bruzzone M, Carabotti M, Cirocchi R, Nascimbeni R, Gambassi G, Vettoretto NP, Pinnarelli L, Cuomo R, Annibale B, Fontana V, Binda GA. Hospital admission for complicated diverticulitis is increasing in Italy, especially in younger patients: a national database study. Tech Coloproctol 2020; 24:237-245. [PMID: 32016708 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-020-02150-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies show an increasing trend of hospitalization for acute diverticulitis (AD), but data regarding the trend in hospitalization for complicated AD in Italy are scarce. The aim of this study was to analyze the Italian trend in hospitalization for complicated AD, from 2008 to 2015. METHODS Using the Italian Hospital Information System, we identified all patients with complicated colonic AD as a discharge diagnosis. Age- and sex-specific rates for AD as well as type of hospital admission (emergency/elective), type of complication (peritonitis, obstruction, bleeding, abscess, fistula, perforation, sepsis) and type of treatment (medical/surgical), were analyzed. RESULTS A total of 41,622 patients with a discharge diagnosis of complicated AD were identified. Over the study period the admission rate grew from 8.8 to 11.8 per 100,000 inhabitants. The hospitalization rate was highest for patients ≥ 70 years, but the increase in the admission rate was higher among patients aged ≤ 60 years. There were more males in the group < 60 years and more females in the group ≥ 60 years old. The rate of emergency admissions associated with surgery showed a significant mean annual increase (+ 3.9% per year) in the rate of emergency admissions associated with surgery, whereas elective admissions for surgery remained stable. Peritonitis was the most frequent complication (35.5%). The rate of surgery increased in AD complicated by peritonitis (+ 5.1% per year), abscess (+ 5.8% per year) and decreased for obstruction (- 1.8% per year). CONCLUSIONS From 2008 to 2015, we documented an increasing rate of hospitalization for complicated AD, especially for younger patients, with an increase in surgery for peritonitis and abscess. Further studies are needed to clearly assess the risk factors for complications and risk of surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Amato
- Department of Surgery, Borea Hospital, Sanremo, Italy.
- Italian Group of Diverticular Disease (GRIMAD), Rome, Italy.
| | - F Mataloni
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - M Bruzzone
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - M Carabotti
- Italian Group of Diverticular Disease (GRIMAD), Rome, Italy
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - R Cirocchi
- Italian Group of Diverticular Disease (GRIMAD), Rome, Italy
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Oncology, Hospital of Terni, University of Perugia, Terni, Italy
| | - R Nascimbeni
- Italian Group of Diverticular Disease (GRIMAD), Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Transational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - G Gambassi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRRCS, Rome, Italy
| | - N P Vettoretto
- Italian Group of Diverticular Disease (GRIMAD), Rome, Italy
- Department of Surgery, Montichiari, Ospedali Civili di Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - L Pinnarelli
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - R Cuomo
- Italian Group of Diverticular Disease (GRIMAD), Rome, Italy
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - B Annibale
- Italian Group of Diverticular Disease (GRIMAD), Rome, Italy
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | - V Fontana
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - G A Binda
- Italian Group of Diverticular Disease (GRIMAD), Rome, Italy
- Colorectal Surgery, Biomedical Institute, Genoa, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Patel B, Guo X, Noblet J, Chambers S, Kassab GS. Animal Models of Diverticulosis: Review and Recommendations. Dig Dis Sci 2018; 63:1409-1418. [PMID: 29679297 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-018-5071-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diverticulosis is a structural alteration of the colon tissue characterized by the development of pouch-like structures called diverticula. It afflicts a significant portion of the population in Western countries, with a higher prevalence among the elderly. Diverticulosis is believed to be the result of a synergetic interaction between inherent tissue weakness, diet, colonic microstructure, motility, and genetic factors. A validated etiology has, however, not yet been established. Non-surgical treatment is currently lacking due to this poor understanding, and surgical colon resection is the only long-term solution following recurrent complications. With rising prevalence, the burden of diverticulosis on patients and hospital resources has increased over the past several years. More efficient and less invasive treatment approaches are, thus, urgently needed. Animal models of diverticulosis are crucial to enable a preclinical assessment and evaluation of such novel approaches. This review discusses the animal models of diverticulosis that have been proposed to date. The current models require either a significant amount of time to develop diverticulosis, present a relatively low success rate, or seriously deteriorate the animals' systemic health. Recommendations are thus provided to address these pitfalls through the selection of a suitable animal and the combination of multiple risk factors for diverticulosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bhavesh Patel
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., 11107 Roselle St., Rm. 211, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Xiaomei Guo
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., 11107 Roselle St., Rm. 211, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Jillian Noblet
- Cook Medical, Inc., 750 Daniels Way, Bloomington, IN, 47404, USA
| | - Sean Chambers
- Cook Medical, Inc., 750 Daniels Way, Bloomington, IN, 47404, USA
| | - Ghassan S Kassab
- California Medical Innovations Institute, Inc., 11107 Roselle St., Rm. 211, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
International Variation in Emergency Operation Rates for Acute Diverticulitis: Insights into Healthcare Value. World J Surg 2018; 41:2121-2127. [PMID: 28265735 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-017-3965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND International comparison of outcomes of surgical diseases has become a global focus because of widespread concern over surgical quality, rising costs and the value of healthcare. Acute diverticulitis is a common disease potentially amenable to optimization of strategies for operative intervention. The aim was to compare the emergency operative intervention rates for acute diverticulitis in USA, England and Australia. METHODS Unplanned admissions for acute diverticulitis were found from an international administrative dataset between 2008 and 2014 for hospitals in USA, England and Australia. The primary outcome measured was emergency operative intervention rate. Secondary outcomes included inpatient mortality and percutaneous drainage rate. Multivariable analysis was performed after development of a weighted comorbidity scoring system. RESULTS There were 15,150 unplanned admissions for acute diverticulitis. The emergency operative intervention rates were 16, 13 and 10% for USA, England and Australia. The percutaneous drainage rate was highest in USA at 10%, while the mortality rate was highest in England at 2.8%. The propensity for emergency operative intervention was higher in USA (OR 1.45, p < 0.001) and England (OR 1.49, p < 0.001) than in Australia. The risk of 7-day mortality was higher in England than in Australia (OR 2.79, p < 0.001). Percutaneous drainage was associated with reduced 7-day mortality risk. CONCLUSION Australia has a lower propensity for emergency operative intervention, while England has a greater risk of mortality for acute diverticulitis. International variations raise the issue of healthcare value in terms of differing resource use and outcomes.
Collapse
|
10
|
Vetter D, Schuurmans MM, Benden C, Clavien PA, Nocito A. Long-term follow-up of lung transplant recipients supports non-operative treatment of uncomplicated diverticulitis. Clin Transplant 2016; 30:1264-1270. [DOI: 10.1111/ctr.12817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Vetter
- Department of Abdominal- and Transplant Surgery; University Hospital of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Macé M. Schuurmans
- Division of Pulmonology; University Hospital of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Christian Benden
- Division of Pulmonology; University Hospital of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Pierre-Alain Clavien
- Department of Abdominal- and Transplant Surgery; University Hospital of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Antonio Nocito
- Department of Abdominal- and Transplant Surgery; University Hospital of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Department of Surgery; Cantonal Hospital Baden; Baden Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial nonoperative management of diverticular abscess has become the standard of care; however, the need for elective resection after this index episode is unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term outcomes of expectant management after initial nonoperative treatment of diverticular abscess. DESIGN This was a retrospective chart review with prospective telephone follow-up of patients. SETTINGS The study was conducted at a large tertiary academic colorectal surgery practice in Canada. PATIENTS Adult patients with CT-documented acute sigmoid diverticulitis complicated by abscess managed nonoperatively from 2000 to 2013 were included. INTERVENTIONS Long-term definitive nonoperative management of diverticular abscess. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was emergency sigmoidectomy or death from recurrent diverticulitis. Secondary outcomes were recurrent diverticulitis and elective sigmoidectomy for diverticulitis. RESULTS Of 135 patients with acute diverticulitis complicated by abscess, a total of 73 patients were managed with nonoperative intent and long-term expectant management. The median follow-up was 62 (Q1 to Q3: 28-98) months. After resolution of the index episode, 22 patients [30.1% (95% CI, 19.6%-40.6%)] experienced a recurrent episode of diverticulitis at a median of 23 (range, 9-40) months. Two patients [2.7% (95% CI, -1.0% to 6.4%)] had a recurrent episode with peritonitis that required sigmoidectomy with stoma at 6 and 64 months. Both patients underwent reversal after 4 and 8 months. Seven [9.6% (95% CI, 2.8%-16.4%)] patients experienced a complicated recurrence and underwent an elective sigmoidectomy [median time to colectomy, 33 (range, 16-56) months]. Thirteen patients [17.8% (95% CI, 9.0%-26.6%)] experienced an uncomplicated recurrence, all of whom were managed with continued nonoperative intent [median follow-up, 81 (range, 34-115) months]. No mortality occurred. On multivariate logistic regression, female gender (p = 0.048) and a previous episode of uncomplicated diverticulitis before the index diverticular abscess (p = 0.020) were associated with a recurrent episode. LIMITATIONS This study was limited by its retrospective design and modest sample size. CONCLUSIONS After initial successful nonoperative management of diverticulitis with abscess, expectant management with nonoperative intent is a safe long-term option with low rates of surgery, especially in the emergency setting. See Video, Supplemental Digital Content 1, on the nonoperative management of diverticular abscess at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A234.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of elective colectomy on emergency diverticulitis surgery at the population level. BACKGROUND Current recommendations suggest avoiding elective colon resection for uncomplicated diverticulitis because of uncertain effectiveness at reducing recurrence and emergency surgery. The influence of these recommendations on use of elective colectomy or rates of emergency surgery remains undetermined. METHODS A retrospective cohort study using a statewide hospital discharge database identified all patients admitted for diverticulitis in Washington State (1987-2012). Sex- and age-adjusted rates (standardized to the 2000 state census) of admissions, elective and emergency/urgent surgical and percutaneous interventions for diverticulitis were calculated and temporal changes assessed. RESULTS A total of 84,313 patients (mean age 63.3 years and 58.9% female) were hospitalized for diverticulitis (72.2% emergent/urgent). Elective colectomy increased from 7.9 to 17.2 per 100,000 people (P < 0.001), rising fastest since 2000. Emergency/urgent colectomy increased from 7.1 to 10.2 per 100,000 (P < 0.001), nonelective percutaneous interventions increased from 0.1 to 3.7 per 100,000 (P = 0.04) and the frequency of emergency/urgent admissions (with or without a resection) increased from 34.0 to 85.0 per 100,000 (P < 0.001). In 2012, 47.5% of elective resections were performed laparoscopically compared to 17.5% in 2008 (when the code was introduced). CONCLUSIONS The elective colectomy rate for diverticulitis more than doubled, without a decrease in emergency surgery, percutaneous interventions, or admissions for diverticulitis. This may reflect changes in thresholds for elective surgery and/or an increase in the frequency or severity of the disease. These trends do not support the practice of elective colectomy to prevent emergency surgery.
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND The indications for interval elective colectomy following diverticulitis are unclear; evidence lends increasing support for nonoperative management. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the temporal trends in the use of elective colectomy following diverticulitis. DESIGN This is a population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative discharge data. SETTING This study was conducted in Ontario, Canada. PATIENTS Patients who had had an episode of diverticulitis managed nonoperatively and were eligible for elective colectomy, from 2002 to 2012, were selected. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in the proportion of patients who undergo elective colectomy following an episode of diverticulitis treated nonoperatively were evaluated. Cochran-Armitage was used to test for trends; adjusted analysis was performed by using multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations. RESULTS A total of 14,124 patients were admitted with an episode of diverticulitis and treated nonoperatively, making them eligible for interval elective colectomy. Median follow-up was 3.9 years (maximum, 10; interquartile range, 1.7-6.4). Overall, 1342 (9.5%) patients underwent elective colectomy; 33% of these colectomies were performed laparoscopically, and 7.5% patients received an ostomy. In-hospital mortality was 0.2%. The majority (76%) of elective operations were performed within 1 year of discharge (median, 160 days; interquartile range, 88-346). The proportion of patients undergoing elective colectomy within 1 year of discharge declined from 9.6% of patients in 2002 to 3.9% by 2011 (p < 0.001). The decline was most pronounced in patients <50 years of age (from 17% to 5%), and those with complicated disease (from 28% to 8%) (all p < 0.001). In multivariable regression, younger age, lower medical comorbidity, complicated disease, and early readmission were associated with elective colectomy. After adjusting for changes in patient characteristics, the odds of elective surgery decreased by 0.93 per annum (adjusted OR; 95% CI, 0.90-0.95). LIMITATIONS Administrative health databases contain limited clinical detail; the rationale for elective surgery was not available. CONCLUSIONS Consistent with evolving practice guidelines, there has been a decrease in the use of elective colectomy following an episode of diverticulitis.
Collapse
|
14
|
Minimally Invasive Management of Complicated Diverticular Disease: Current Status and Review of Literature. Dig Dis Sci 2016; 61:663-72. [PMID: 26547753 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticulitis is a common condition which carries significant morbidity and socioeconomic burden (McGillicuddy et al in Arch Surg 144:1157-1162, 2009). The surgical management of diverticulitis has undergone significant changes in recent years. This article reviews the role of minimally invasive approach in management of complicated diverticulitis, with a focus on recent concepts and advances. MATERIALS AND METHODS A literature review of past 10 years (January 2004 to September 2014) was performed using the electronic database MEDLINE from PubMed which included articles only in English. RESULTS We identified total of 139 articles, out of which 50 were excluded resulting in 89 full-text articles for review 16 retrospective studies, 7 prospective cohorts, 1 case-control series and 1 systematic review were included. These suggest that urgent surgery is performed for those with sepsis and diffuse peritonitis or those who fail to improve despite medical therapy and/or percutaneous drainage. In addition, 3 randomized control trials: DILALA, LapLAND and the Scandinavian Diverticulitis trial are working towards evaluating whether laparoscopic lavage is safe in management of complicated diverticular diseases. Growing trend toward conservative or minimally invasive treatment modality even in severe acute diverticulitis was noticed. CONCLUSIONS Laparoscopic peritoneal lavage has evolved as a good alternative to invasive surgery, yet clear indications for its role in the management of complicated diverticulitis need to be established. Recent evidence suggests that existing guidelines for optimal management of complicated diverticulitis should be updated. Non-resectional radiographic techniques are likely to play a prominent role in the initial treatment of complicated diverticulitis in the near future.
Collapse
|
15
|
Papageorge CM, Kennedy GD, Carchman EH. National Trends in Short-term Outcomes Following Non-emergent Surgery for Diverticular Disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2016; 20:1376-87. [PMID: 27120447 PMCID: PMC4916196 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-016-3150-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Elective surgery for diverticulitis has evolved over the last decade. We aimed to evaluate the impact of changing practice patterns on postoperative outcomes. We hypothesized that the increased use of laparoscopy, and other management changes, would correlate with a decrease in postoperative complications. METHODS Patients undergoing non-emergent surgery for diverticulitis from 2005 to 2013 were selected from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. We compared patient demographics, comorbidities, and operative approach by year of operation using chi-square tests and investigated temporal trends in postoperative outcomes using univariate, trend, and multivariate analyses. RESULTS The analytic cohort, which included 29,893 patients, had increasing rates of obesity, advanced age, and higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class over the study period. The use of laparoscopy increased significantly from 48 % in 2005/2006 to 70 % in 2013 (p < 0.001), while the rate of stoma creation remained unchanged (10-12 %, p = 0.072). The absolute risk of any postoperative complication decreased by 5.8 % over the study period, driven primarily by a reduction in infectious complications. Year of operation was a significant independent predictor of fewer complications for 2011-2013. CONCLUSION Despite a trend towards increasing patient complexity, there has been a decline in postoperative morbidity following non-emergent surgery for diverticulitis. This trend coincides with the steadily increasing use of laparoscopy in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Papageorge
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, K4/730, Madison, WI 53792-7375 USA
| | - Gregory D. Kennedy
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, K4/730, Madison, WI 53792-7375 USA
| | - Evie H. Carchman
- Department of Surgery, Division of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 600 Highland Ave, K4/730, Madison, WI 53792-7375 USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Addressing the appropriateness of elective colon resection for diverticulitis: a report from the SCOAP CERTAIN collaborative. Ann Surg 2015; 260:533-8; discussion 538-9. [PMID: 25115429 DOI: 10.1097/sla.0000000000000894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the reported indications for elective colon resection for diverticulitis and concordance with professional guidelines. BACKGROUND Despite modern professional guidelines recommending delay in elective colon resection beyond 2 episodes of uncomplicated diverticulitis, the incidence of elective colectomy has increased dramatically in the last 2 decades. Whether surgeons have changed their threshold for recommending a surgical intervention is unknown. In 2010, Washington State's Surgical Care and Outcomes Assessment Program initiated a benchmarking and education initiative related to the indications for colon resection. METHODS Prospective cohort study evaluating indications from chronic complications (fistula, stricture, bleeding) or the number of previously treated diverticulitis episodes for patients undergoing elective colectomy at 1 of 49 participating hospitals (2010-2013). RESULTS Among 2724 patients (58.7 ± 13 years; 46% men), 29.4% had a chronic complication indication (15.6% fistula, 7.4% stricture, 3.0% bleeding, 5.8% other). For the 70.5% with an episode-based indication, 39.4% had 2 or fewer episodes, 56.5% had 3 to 10 episodes, and 4.1% had more than 10 episodes. Thirty-one percent of patients failed to meet indications for either a chronic complication or 3 or more episodes. Over the 4 years, the proportion of patients with an indication of 3 or more episodes increased from 36.6% to 52.7% (P < 0.001) whereas the proportion of those who failed to meet either clinical or episode-based indications decreased from 38.4% to 26.4% (P < 0.001). The annual rate of emergency resections did not increase significantly, varying from 5.6 to 5.9 per year (P = 0.81). CONCLUSIONS Adherence to a guideline based on 3 or more episodes for elective colectomy increased concurrently with a benchmarking and peer-to-peer messaging initiative. Improving adherence to professional guidelines related to appropriate care is critical and can be facilitated by quality improvement collaboratives.
Collapse
|
17
|
Evolving practice patterns in the management of acute colonic diverticulitis: a population-based analysis. Dis Colon Rectum 2014; 57:1397-405. [PMID: 25380006 DOI: 10.1097/dcr.0000000000000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is increasing evidence to support the use of percutaneous abscess drainage, laparoscopy, and primary anastomosis in managing acute diverticulitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate how practices have evolved and to determine the effects on clinical outcomes. DESIGN This is a population-based retrospective cohort study using administrative discharge data. SETTING This study was conducted in Ontario, Canada. PATIENTS All patients had been hospitalized for a first episode of acute diverticulitis (2002-2012). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Temporal changes in treatment strategies and outcomes were evaluated by using the Cochran-Armitage test for trends. Multivariable logistic regression with generalized estimating equations was used to test for trends while adjusting for patient characteristics. RESULTS There were 18,543 patients hospitalized with a first episode of diverticulitis, median age 60 years (interquartile range, 48-74). From 2002 to 2012, there was an increase in the proportion of patients admitted with complicated disease (abscess, perforation), 32% to 38%, yet a smaller proportion underwent urgent operation, 28% to 16% (all p < 0.001). The use of percutaneous drainage increased from 1.9% of admissions in 2002 to 3.3% in 2012 (p < 0.001). After adjusting for changes in patient and disease characteristics over time, the odds of urgent operation decreased by 0.87 per annum (95% CI, 0.85-0.89). In those undergoing urgent surgery (n = 3873), the use of laparoscopy increased (9% to 18%, p <0.001), whereas the use of the Hartmann procedure remained unchanged (64%). During this time, in-hospital mortality decreased (2.7% to 1.9%), as did the median length of stay (5 days, interquartile range, 3-9; to 3 days, interquartile range, 2-6; p <0.001). LIMITATIONS There is the potential for residual confounding, because clinical parameters available for risk adjustment were limited to fields existing within administrative data. CONCLUSIONS There has been an increase in the use of nonoperative and minimally invasive strategies in treating patients with a first episode of acute diverticulitis. However, the Hartmann procedure remains the most frequently used urgent operative approach. Mortality and length of stay have improved during this time.
Collapse
|
18
|
Simianu VV, Flum DR. Rethinking elective colectomy for diverticulitis: A strategic approach to population health. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:16609-16614. [PMID: 25469029 PMCID: PMC4248204 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i44.16609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2014] [Revised: 08/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverticulitis is one of the leading indications for elective colon resection. Surgeons are trained to offer elective operations after a few episodes of diverticulitis in order to prevent future recurrences and potential emergency. However, most emergency surgery happens during the initial presentation. After recovery from an episode, much of the subsequent management of diverticulitis occurs in the outpatient setting, rendering inpatient “episode counting” a poor measure of the severity or burden of disease. Evidence also suggests that the risk of recurrence of diverticulitis is small and similar with or without an operation. Accordingly, contemporary evaluations of the epidemiologic patterns of treatments for diverticulitis have failed to demonstrate that the substantial rise in elective surgery over the last few decades has been successful at preventing emergency surgery at a population level. Multiple professional societies are calling to “individualize” decisions for elective colectomy and there is an international focus on “appropriate” indications for surgery. The rethinking of elective colectomy should come from a patient-centered approach that considers the risks of recurrence, quality of life, patient wishes and experiences about surgical and medical treatment options as well as operative morbidity and risks.
Collapse
|
19
|
Larson ES, Khalil HA, Lin AY, Russell M, Ardehali A, Ross D, Yoo J. Diverticulitis occurs early after lung transplantation. J Surg Res 2014; 190:667-71. [PMID: 24912859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung transplantation recipients are at an increased risk for developing diverticulitis. However, the incidence and natural history of diverticulitis have not been well characterized. Our objective was to identify patient and transplant-related factors that may be associated with an increased risk of developing diverticulitis in this patient population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This is a retrospective single institution study. All patients who received a lung transplant between May 2008 and July 2013 were evaluated using an existing lung transplantation database. Patient-related factors, the incidence and timing of diverticulitis, and outcomes of medical and surgical management were measured. RESULTS Of the 314 patients who received a lung transplant, 14 patients (4.5%) developed diverticulitis. All episodes (100%) of diverticulitis occurred within the first 2 y after transplantation. Eight patients (57%) required surgery with a mortality rate of 12.5%. Six patients (43%) were managed medically and did not require surgery with a mean follow-up period of 442 d. CONCLUSIONS Diverticulitis is common after lung transplantation and occurs with a higher incidence compared with the general population. Diverticulitis occurs early in the posttransplant period, and the majority of patients require surgery. Patients who respond promptly to medical treatment may not require elective resection. A greater awareness of the risk of diverticulitis in the early posttransplant period may allow for earlier diagnosis and treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anne Y Lin
- Department of Surgery, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | | | - David Ross
- Department of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA
| | - James Yoo
- Department of Surgery, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Minneci PC, Sulkowski JP, Nacion KM, Mahida JB, Cooper JN, Moss RL, Deans KJ. Feasibility of a nonoperative management strategy for uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. J Am Coll Surg 2014; 219:272-9. [PMID: 24951281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2014.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For decades, urgent operation has been considered the only appropriate management of acute appendicitis in children. The purpose of this study was to investigate the feasibility of nonoperative management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children. STUDY DESIGN A prospective nonrandomized clinical trial of children with uncomplicated acute appendicitis comparing nonoperative management with urgent appendectomy was performed. The primary result was 30-day success rate of nonoperative management. Secondary outcomes included comparisons of disability days, missed school days, hospital length of stay, and measures of quality of life and health care satisfaction. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients were enrolled during October 2012 to October 2013; 30 chose nonoperative management and 47 chose surgery. There were no significant differences in demographic or clinical characteristics. The immediate and 30-day success rates of nonoperative management were 93% (28 of 30) and 90% (27 of 30). There was no evidence of progression of appendicitis to rupture at the time of surgery in the 3 patients for whom nonoperative management failed. Compared with the surgery group, the nonoperative group had fewer disability days (3 vs 17 days; p < 0.0001), returned to school more quickly (3 vs 5 days; p = 0.008), and exhibited higher quality of life scores in both the child (93 vs 88; p = 0.01) and the parent (96 vs 90; p = 0.03), but incurred a longer length of stay (38 vs 20 hours; p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Nonoperative management of uncomplicated acute appendicitis in children is feasible, with a high 30-day success rate and short-term benefits that include quicker recovery and improved quality of life scores. Additional follow-up will allow for determination of longer-term success rate, safety, and cost effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Minneci
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH.
| | - Jason P Sulkowski
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Kristine M Nacion
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Justin B Mahida
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer N Cooper
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - R Lawrence Moss
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Katherine J Deans
- Center for Surgical Outcomes Research, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH; Department of Surgery, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Data on percutaneous drainage followed by observation for diverticular abscess is scant. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to assess outcomes of percutaneous drainage alone in the management of peridiverticular abscess. DESIGN This is a retrospective study from a prospectively collected database. SETTING This study was conducted in a high-volume, specialized colorectal surgery unit. PATIENTS All patients with a diverticular abscess of at least 3 cm in diameter, treated between 2001 and 2012, who had prohibitive comorbidities or refused surgery after percutaneous drainage were included. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome measured was the treatment of diverticular abscess with percutaneous drainage alone. RESULTS A total of 18 patients (11 surgery refusal, 7 comorbidity) were followed up until death, surgery for recurrent diverticulitis, or for a median of 90 (17-139) months. The median abscess size was 5 (3.8-10) cm, and the location was pelvic in 8 cases and intra-abdominal in 10. The mean duration of drainage was 20 ± 1.3 days, with the exception of 2 patients who only had aspiration of the abscess because of technical difficulty in drain placement. Three patients died of preexisting comorbidities between 2 and 8 months after percutaneous drainage. Seven of the surviving patients (7/15) experienced recurrent diverticulitis; 3 of these patients underwent surgery between 7 months and 7 years after the index percutaneous drainage. Of the remaining 4 cases of recurrence, one abscess was treated with repeat percutaneous drainage alone and 3 patients had uncomplicated diverticulitis treated with antibiotics. There were no significant associations between long-term failure of percutaneous drainage and the location of the abscess (p = 0.54) or previous episodes of diverticulitis (p = 0.9). LIMITATIONS This study was limited because of its retrospective nature, its nonrandomized design, and its small sample size. CONCLUSIONS Percutaneous drainage alone was successful in avoiding surgery in the majority of this selected patient population with sigmoid diverticular abscess. Future studies should assess the appropriate indications for a more liberal use of percutaneous drainage not followed by elective surgery.
Collapse
|
22
|
|
23
|
Surgical treatment of acute recurrent diverticulitis: early elective or late elective surgery. An analysis of 237 patients. World J Surg 2012; 36:898-907. [PMID: 22311143 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-012-1456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The optimal timing of elective surgery in diverticulitis remains unclear. We attempted to investigate early elective versus late elective laparoscopic surgery in acute recurrent diverticulitis in a retrospective study. METHOD Data of patients undergoing elective laparoscopic surgery for diverticulitis were retrospectively gathered, including Hinchey stages I-II a/b. the primary endpoint was in-hospital complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification. Secondary endpoints were surgical complications, operative time, conversion rate, and length of hospital stay. RESULTS Of 237 patients, 81 (34%) underwent early elective operation (group A) and 156 (66%) underwent late elective operation (group B). In-hospital complications developed in 32% in group A and in 34% in group B (risk difference 2%, 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI): -11%, 14%). Higher age (p = 0.048) and borderline higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score (p = 0.056) were risk factors for in-hospital complications. Severe surgical complications occurred in 9% of patients in group A and 10% in group B (risk difference 2%, 95% CI: -6%, 9%). Conversion rate was 9% in group A and 3% in group B (p = 0.070). Severity of disease did not seem to have an impact on complications or length of hospital stay. The median postoperative hospital stay was 8 days in both groups (interquartile range 6-10). Mean operative time was 220 min (SD 64) in group A and 202 min (SD 48) in group B. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study comparing early versus late elective surgery for diverticulitis in terms of the postoperative outcome using a validated classification. Although the retrospective setting and large confidence intervals don't allow definitive recommendations, these results are of utmost importance for the design of future prospective, randomized controlled trials.
Collapse
|
24
|
Resection and primary anastomosis with proximal diversion instead of Hartmann's: evolving the management of diverticulitis using NSQIP data. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2012; 72:807-14; quiz 1124. [PMID: 22491590 DOI: 10.1097/ta.0b013e31824ef90b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The emergency surgical treatment of acute diverticulitis with feculent or purulent peritonitis has traditionally been the Hartmann's procedure (HP). Debate continues over whether primary resection with anastomosis and proximal diversion may be performed in the setting of a high-risk anastomosis in complicated diverticular disease. In contrast to a loop ileostomy takedown, the morbidity of a Hartmann's reversal is preventative for many patients, leaving them with a permanent stoma. Our study compared the surgical outcomes of patients with perforated diverticulitis who underwent a HP to primary anastomosis with proximal diversion (PAPD). METHODS The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database was queried from 2005 to 2009 to identify all cases of perforated diverticulitis classified as contaminated or dirty/infected. Patients were stratified into HP or PAPD, and logistic regression models were created to control for patient demographics, comorbidities, perioperative risk, and illness severity to determine the impact of surgical procedure on outcome. RESULTS There were 2,018 patients meeting the inclusion criteria of which 340 (17%) underwent PAPD and the remainder underwent HP. Significant independent predictors of infectious outcomes were alcohol use, preoperative sepsis, and operative time. There was no significant difference in risk of infectious complications, return to the operating room, prolonged ventilator use, death, or hospital length of stay between the two procedures. When considering only dirty/infected cases, the mortality risk was twofold greater when PAPD was performed. CONCLUSION The treatment of acute diverticulitis in the setting of contamination can be safely treated with resection, primary anastomosis, and proximal diversion as opposed to a HP in certain circumstances. Given the decreased morbidity of subsequent loop ileostomy takedown compared with a Hartmann's reversal, this procedure should be given consideration in the management of acute, perforated diverticulitis but may not be warranted in cases of feculent peritonitis.
Collapse
|
25
|
Liang S, Russek K, Franklin ME. Damage control strategy for the management of perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis: laparoscopic lavage and drainage vs. laparoscopic Hartmann's procedure. Surg Endosc 2012; 26:2835-42. [PMID: 22543992 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-012-2255-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was designed to compare laparoscopic peritoneal lavage and drainage (LLD) with laparoscopic Hartmann's procedure (LHP) in the management of perforated diverticulitis and to investigate a safer and more effective laparoscopic method for managing acute perforated diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis. METHODS A consecutive series of patients who underwent emergent LHP or LLD for perforated diverticulitis were identified from a prospectively designed database. All procedure-related information was collected and analyzed. P < 5 % was considered statistically significant in this study. RESULTS A total of 88 patients underwent emergent laparoscopic procedures (47 LLD and 41 LHP) between 1995 and 2010 for acute perforated diverticulitis. Diagnostic laparoscopy classified 74 (84.1 %) patients as Hinchey III or IV perforated diverticulitis. OT for LHP was 182 ± 54.7 min, and EBL was 210 ± 170.5 ml. Six LHP (14.6 %) were converted to open Hartmann's for various reasons. Moreover the rates of LHP-associated postoperative mortality and morbidity were 2.4 and 17.1 %, respectively. For LLD, the operating time was 99.7 ± 39.8 min, and blood loss was 34.4 ± 21.2 ml. Three patients (6.4 %) were reoperated for the worsening of septic symptoms during post-LLD course. Moreover, the patients with LHP had significantly longer hospital stay than the ones with LLD did (16.3 ± 10.1 vs. 6.7 ± 2.2 days, P < 0.01). In the long-term follow-up, the rate of colostomy closure for LHP is 72.2 %, and 21 of 47 patients who underwent LLD had elective sigmoidectomy for the source control with the rate of 44.7 %. CONCLUSIONS Both LHP and LLD can be performed safely and effectively for managing severe diverticulitis with generalized peritonitis. Compared with LHP, LLD does not remove the pathogenic source; however, the clinical application of this damage control operation to our patients showed significantly better short- and long-term clinical outcomes for managing perforated diverticulitis with various Hinchey classifications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Song Liang
- The Texas Endosurgery Institute, 4242 E. Southcross Blvd., Suite 1, San Antonio, TX 78222, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Biondo S, Lopez Borao J, Millan M, Kreisler E, Jaurrieta E. Current status of the treatment of acute colonic diverticulitis: a systematic review. Colorectal Dis 2012; 14:e1-e11. [PMID: 21848896 DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-1318.2011.02766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM This paper addresses the current status of the treatment of acute colonic diverticulitis by an evidence-based review. METHOD A systematic search in PUBMED, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google scholar on colonic diverticulitis was performed. Diagnostic tools, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized comparative studies, observational epidemiological studies, national and international guidelines, reviews of observational studies on elective and emergency surgical treatment of diverticulitis, and studies of prognostic significance were reviewed. Criteria for eligibility of the studies were diagnosis and classification, medical treatment, inpatients and outpatients, diverticulitis in young patients, immunosuppression, recurrence, elective resection, emergency surgery, and predictive factors. RESULTS Some 92 publications were selected for comprehensive review. The review highlighted that computed tomography is the most effective test in the diagnosis and staging of acute diverticulitis; outpatient treatment can be performed for uncomplicated diverticulitis in patients without associated comorbidities; conservative treatment is aimed at those patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis; elective surgery must be done on an individual basis; laparoscopic approach for elective treatment of diverticulitis is appropriate but may be technically complex; in perforated diverticulitis, resection with primary anastomosis is a safe procedure that requires experience and should take into account strict exclusion criteria. CONCLUSION The heterogeneity of patients with colonic diverticular disease means that both elective and urgent treatment should be tailored on an individual basis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Biondo
- Department of General and Digestive Surgery, Bellvitge University Hospital, University of Barcelona, IDIBELL (Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
The timing of elective surgery for the treatment of diverticular disease is constantly evolving. Historically, the indications for elective surgery were relatively consistent. It was recommended that patients undergo elective resection after two documented attacks of uncomplicated diverticulitis or after one attack of complicated diverticulitis in which the patient did not require emergent surgery. There were some exceptions to these guidelines; people <50 years old could undergo elective resection after their first attack, and patients who had previous solid organ transplants could undergo resection after a single attack. In this article, the author updates the data regarding the timing of surgery in elective diverticular disease and challenges surgical dogma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A Margolin
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ribas Y, Bombardó J, Aguilar F, Jovell E, Alcantara-Moral M, Campillo F, Lleonart X, Serra-Aracil X. Prospective randomized clinical trial assessing the efficacy of a short course of intravenously administered amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid followed by oral antibiotic in patients with uncomplicated acute diverticulitis. Int J Colorectal Dis 2010; 25:1363-70. [PMID: 20526718 DOI: 10.1007/s00384-010-0967-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medical treatment of uncomplicated acute diverticulitis is not standardized, and there is an enormous diversity in clinical practice. Our aim was to demonstrate that uncomplicated diverticulitis can be managed with orally administered amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid and a short hospital admission. METHODS A prospective randomized trial was established to compare patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis who received oral antibiotic after a short course of intravenous antibiotic with those who received intravenous antibiotic for a longer period. The antibiotic treatment consisted of amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid 1 g every 8 h. We included 50 patients, 25 in each group. Patients in group 1 began oral antibiotic as soon as they improved and were discharged the day after. Patients in group 2 received intravenous antibiotic for 7 days. Both groups received oral antibiotic at discharge. The endpoint of the study was "failure of treatment," which was defined as the impossibility of discharging on the expected day, emergency admission, or hospital readmission. RESULTS Both groups were comparable in patient demographics and clinical characteristics. Most patients clearly improved between 24 and 48 h after admission. There were no significant differences between the groups when comparing failure of treatment. Treatment of patients in group 1 represented a savings in hospitalization costs of 1,244<euro> per patient. CONCLUSIONS Most patients with uncomplicated diverticulitis can be managed safely with oral antibiotic; thus, a very short hospital stay is a safe option.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Ribas
- Department of Surgery, Consorci Sanitari de Terrassa, Carretera de Torrebonica s/n, Terrassa, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
O'Connor ES, Leverson G, Kennedy G, Heise CP. The diagnosis of diverticulitis in outpatients: on what evidence? J Gastrointest Surg 2010; 14:303-8. [PMID: 19936848 PMCID: PMC2844077 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-009-1098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diverticular disease is common in the outpatient setting; yet, rigorous study of diagnosis and management strategies is currently limited to hospitalized patients. Here, we characterize the clinical assessment generating the diagnostic label of diverticulitis in outpatients. METHODS Encounters for diverticulitis were identified using ICD-9 diagnosis codes (562.11/562.13) from the electronic medical record system of a tertiary referral hospital and its regional clinics. The frequencies of various demographic and clinical variables were compared between patients presenting in the emergency room (ER) or outpatient Clinic. RESULTS Between 2003 and 2008, 820 inpatients and 2,576 outpatients met inclusion criteria (328 [13%] ER, 2,248 [87%] Clinic). Compared to ER patients, Clinic patients were less likely to undergo urgent abdominal/pelvic computed tomography (CT) scan (14% vs. 85%, p<.0001) or have an abnormal WBC count (35% vs. 69%, p<.0001). Twenty-four hour , including inpatient admission (30% ER vs. 3.5% Clinic, p<.0001) and colectomy (1.2% ER vs. 0.4% Clinic, p=0.08) were rare in both groups. CONCLUSION Diverticulitis in the outpatient setting is often characterized by infrequent use of CT scans, lack of leukocytosis, and rare need for urgent surgery or early admission. As this diagnostic label appears to be commonly applied without objective evidence, further study is needed to evaluate its validity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erin S O'Connor
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Etzioni DA, Cannom RR, Ault GT, Beart RW, Kaiser AM. Diverticulitis in California from 1995 to 2006: Increased Rates of Treatment for Younger Patients. Am Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/000313480907501026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Colonic diverticular disease is responsible for over 300,000 admissions and expenditures exceeding $2.7 billion/year. There is recent evidence that rates of treatment for diverticulitis have increased in the United States over the last decade. We hypothesize that these national trends of increasing rates of hospitalizations for diverticulitis would be found in an analysis of a single-state discharge database. Data from the Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development were used to analyze treatment for diverticulitis in California from 1995 to 2006. For each hospitalization, surgical care was determined based on procedure codes for left colon resection and/or colostomy. Overall numbers of admissions for acute diverticulitis increased throughout the 12-year study period with an estimated annual percentage of change (EAPC) of 2.1 per cent (P < 0.001). Rates of admissions increased most rapidly in patients 20 to 34-years-old (EAPC = 8.6%, P < 0.001) and 35 to 49 years old (EAPC = 5.7%, P < 0.001). Elective colectomies had an EAPC of 2.1 per cent (P < 0.001), which was also most dramatic in younger age groups. Between 1995 and 2006 we found significant increases in both the rates of hospitalization for diverticulitis and rates of elective surgical treatment in California. These increases are entirely due to higher rates of care for younger patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Etzioni
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- RAND Health, Santa Monica, California
| | - Rebecca R. Cannom
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Glenn T. Ault
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert W. Beart
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Andreas M. Kaiser
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Ricciardi R, Baxter NN, Read TE, Marcello PW, Hall J, Roberts PL. Is the decline in the surgical treatment for diverticulitis associated with an increase in complicated diverticulitis? Dis Colon Rectum 2009; 52:1558-63. [PMID: 19690482 DOI: 10.1007/dcr.0b013e3181a90a5b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Indications for operative intervention in the treatment of diverticulitis have become unclear. We hypothesized that surgical treatment for diverticulitis has decreased resulting in proportionately more complicated diverticulitis cases (free perforation and/or abscess). METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients with diverticular disease in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample from 1991 through 2005. We used diagnostic codes to identify all patient discharges with diverticular disease and then determined the proportion of discharges with diverticulitis, perforated disease, diverticular abscess, and surgical treatment. RESULTS During the study period, 685,390 diverticulitis discharges were recorded. The ratio of diverticulitis discharges increased from 5.1 cases per 1,000 inpatients in 1991 to 7.6 cases per 1,000 inpatients in 2005 (P < 0.0001). The proportion of patients who underwent colectomy for uncomplicated diverticulitis declined from 17.9% in 1991 to 13.7% in 2005 (P < 0.0.0001). During the same period, the proportion of free diverticular perforations as a fraction of all diverticulitis cases remained unchanged (1.5%). The proportion of diverticular abscess discharges as a fraction of all diverticulitis cases increased from 5.9% in 1991 to 9.6% in 2005 (P < 0.0001). Last, we noted a decrease in diverticular perforations and/or abscess treated with colectomy, 71.0% in 1991 to 55.5% in 2005 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Despite a significant decline in surgical treatment for diverticulitis, there has been no change in the proportion of patients discharged for free diverticular perforation. There was an increase in diverticular abscess discharges, but this finding was not associated with an increase in same stay surgical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rocco Ricciardi
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Lahey Clinic, Tufts University Medical School, Burlington, Massachusetts 01805, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Janes S, Meagher A, Faragher IG, Shedda S, Frizelle FA. The place of elective surgery following acute diverticulitis in young patients: when is surgery indicated? An analysis of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum 2009; 52:1008-16. [PMID: 19502872 DOI: 10.1007/dcr.0b013e3181a0a8a9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Diverticulitis in the young is often regarded as a specific entity. Resection after a single attack because of a more "virulent" course of the disease has been accepted as conventional wisdom. The evidence for such a recommendation and the place of elective surgery was reviewed by a search of Medline, PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane library for articles published between January 1965 and March 2008 using the terms diverticular disease and diverticulitis. Publications had to give specific information on at least ten younger patients (age <or= 50 years). Much of the older literature suggests that young patients experience a more virulent course with diverticulitis. Previous studies have shown misclassification and selection bias. As a result leading to a bias for more severe cases to be recognized mild cases may not be included. Young patients appear more likely to undergo operations to resolve an uncertain diagnosis. Recent studies have raised doubts about a virulent course with diverticulitis suggesting that recurrence may be associated with disease severity on CT scan, and supporting a conservative approach to diverticular disease. The diagnosis of diverticulitis is often delayed in younger patients because it is not considered, resulting in presenting cases being found at surgery or appearing more severe and more likely to be complicated. There is a lack of evidence to support the hypothesis that elective surgery should follow a single attack of diverticulitis. Any increased risk appears be a chronologic rather than pathologic phenomenon. Most patients will not have further episodes of diverticulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Janes
- Nuffield Department of Surgery, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diverticular disease imposes an impressive clinical burden to the United States population, with over 300,000 admissions and 1.5 million days of inpatient care annually. Consensus regarding the treatment of diverticulitis has evolved over time, with increasing advocacy of primary anastomosis for acute diverticulitis, and nonoperative treatment of recurrent mild/moderate diverticulitis. We analyzed whether these changes are reflected in patterns of practice in a nationally-representative patient cohort. METHODS We used the 1998 to 2005 nationwide inpatient sample to analyze the care received by 267,000 patients admitted with acute diverticulitis, and 33,500 patients operated electively for diverticulitis. Census data were used to calculate population-based incidence rates of disease and surgical treatment. Weighted logistic regression with cluster adjustment at the hospital level was used for hypothesis testing. RESULTS Overall annual age-adjusted admissions for acute diverticulitis increased from 120,500 in 1998 to 151,900 in 2005 (26% increase). Rates of admission increased more rapidly within patients aged 18 to 44 years (82%) and 45 to 74 years (36%). Elective operations for diverticulitis rose from 16,100 to 22,500 per year during the same time period (29%), also with a more rapid increase (73%) in rates of surgery for individuals aged 18 to 44 years. Multivariate analysis found no evidence that primary anastomosis is becoming more commonly used. CONCLUSIONS We are the first to report dramatic changes in rates of treatment for diverticulitis in the United States. The causes of this emerging disease pattern are unknown, but certainly deserve further investigation. For patients undergoing surgery for acute diverticulitis, there was little change over time in the likelihood of a primary anastomosis.
Collapse
|
34
|
Heise CP. Epidemiology and pathogenesis of diverticular disease. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12:1309-11. [PMID: 18278535 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-008-0492-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2008] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Diverticular disease is a common entity in the USA with an apparent increasing incidence worldwide. The pathogenesis of this disease process is likely multifactorial involving dietary habits, changes in colonic pressures and motility, and colon wall structural changes associated with aging. The following review addresses our current limited knowledge regarding the epidemiology and pathogenesis of diverticulosis and diverticulitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles P Heise
- Section of Colon and Rectal Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Kozol RA, Hyman N, Strong S, Whelan RL, Cha C, Longo WE. Minimizing risk in colon and rectal surgery. Am J Surg 2007; 194:576-87. [PMID: 17936417 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert A Kozol
- Department of Surgery, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, 236 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Diverticular disease is an extremely common disease entity in our society. The major complication of diverticular disease, diverticulitis, can have quite variable presentations. In the acute setting, treatment is divided into nonsurgical (conservative) or surgical therapy. Cases of mild or "uncomplicated" disease benefit from a conservative approach involving antibiotic therapy. With more severe or "complicated" presentations (abscess, phlegmon, obstruction, fistula, or peritonitis), a more aggressive approach may involve percutaneous abscess drainage or urgent surgical therapy. This also may be required after a failed initial attempt at medical management. The decision regarding elective surgery after successful medical management of diverticulitis is more complicated. The primary goal is to minimize disease recurrence with as little morbidity as possible while maintaining a high quality of life. Recent evidence challenges indications for elective surgery. However, data on the natural history of recurrent diverticulitis are not clear enough to support altering current surgical guidelines. In addition, the increasing use of minimally invasive techniques with favorable outcomes for sigmoid colectomy must be considered. Prior to offering elective colectomy for diverticulitis, it remains important to individualize each case, giving special consideration to age, symptomatology, and recurrence. Ultimately, the decision for elective surgery is made by both the surgeon and a well-informed patient.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ibele
- Charles P. Heise, MD G4/701A Clinical Sciences Center, University of Wisconsin Hospitals and Clinics, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792-7375, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Brandt D, Gervaz P, Durmishi Y, Platon A, Morel P, Poletti PA. Percutaneous CT scan-guided drainage vs. antibiotherapy alone for Hinchey II diverticulitis: a case-control study. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49:1533-8. [PMID: 16988856 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-006-0613-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE CT-scan-guided percutaneous abscess drainage of Hinchey Stage II diverticulitis is considered the best initial approach to treat conservatively the abscess and to subsequently perform an elective sigmoidectomy. However, drainage is not always technically feasible, may expose the patient to additional morbidity, and has not been critically evaluated in this indication. This study was undertaken to compare the results of percutaneous drainage vs. antibiotic therapy alone in patients with Hinchey II diverticulitis. METHODS This was a case-control study of all patients who presented in our institution with Hinchey Stage II diverticulitis between 1993 and 2005. Thirty-four patients underwent abscess drainage under CT-scan guidance (Group 1), and 32 patients were treated with antibiotic therapy alone (Group 2), in most cases because CT-scan-guided abscess drainage was considered technically unfeasible by the interventional radiology team. Initial conservative treatment was considered a failure when: 1) emergency surgery had to be performed, 2) signs of worsening sepsis developed, and 3) abscess recurred within four weeks of drainage. RESULTS The median size of abscess was 6 (range, 3-18) cm in Group 1 and 4 (range, 3-10) cm in Group 2 (P = 0.002). Median duration of drainage was 8 (range, 1-18) days. Conservative treatment failed in 11 patients (33 percent) of Group 1, and in 6 patients (19 percent) of Group 2 (P = 0.26). Ten patients (29 percent) in Group 1 and five patients (16 percent) in Group 2 underwent emergency surgery (P = 0.24); there were four postoperative deaths (26.6 percent) in this subgroup. Twelve patients (35 percent) in Group 1 and 16 patients (50 percent) in Group 2 subsequently underwent an elective sigmoid resection (P = 0.31). In this subgroup of patients, there was neither anastomotic leakage nor postoperative death. CONCLUSIONS Emergency surgery for Hinchey Stage II diverticulitis carries a high mortality rate and should be avoided. To achieve this, antibiotic therapy alone seems to be a safe alternative, whenever percutaneous drainage is technically difficult or hazardous. Actually, our data did not demonstrate any benefit of CT scan-guided percutaneous abscess drainage, suggesting that the role of interventional radiology techniques in this indication deserves further critical evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Brandt
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geneva, Rue Micheli-du-Crest 24, 1211 Genèva, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Munikrishnan V, Helmy A, Elkhider H, Omer AA. Management of acute diverticulitis in the East Anglian region: results of a United Kingdom regional survey. Dis Colon Rectum 2006; 49:1332-40. [PMID: 16897334 DOI: 10.1007/s10350-006-0594-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Acute diverticulitis is the most common presentation of diverticular disease; however, no published guidelines for management are available in the United Kingdom. This survey was designed to assess the current United Kingdom regional practice compared with the guidelines published by The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons. METHODS A questionnaire survey focused on the management of acute diverticulitis was sent to all consultants, specialist registrars, and staff-grade surgeons in general surgery in one United Kingdom region. RESULTS Eighty-two questionnaires were returned (80 percent). A majority (80 percent) would request routine blood tests, abdominal, and erect chest x-rays on arrival. Pethidine (56 percent) was the preferred analgesic, followed by morphine (40 percent). Ninety-four percent used an antibiotic combination of second/third-generation cephalosporin and metronidazole. Computerized tomography was the most commonly used initial investigation (42 percent). Forty percent use barium enema and 31 percent use a combination of barium enema and sigmoidoscopy as follow-up investigations. In patients older than aged 50 years, elective resection would be considered by a majority (51 percent) only when complications arose. In those aged 50 years or younger, 35 percent would resect only if complications arose with only 6 percent after a single episode of acute diverticulitis. CONCLUSIONS There are major differences in the management of patients with acute diverticulitis in our current practice in one United Kingdom region compared with the guidelines published by The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, which are based on published literature. There is an urgent need to establish similar guidelines in the United Kingdom to improve the clinical outcome of patients with such a common condition.
Collapse
|
39
|
Durmishi Y, Gervaz P, Brandt D, Bucher P, Platon A, Morel P, Poletti PA. Results from percutaneous drainage of Hinchey stage II diverticulitis guided by computed tomography scan. Surg Endosc 2006; 20:1129-33. [PMID: 16755351 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-005-0574-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Accepted: 02/15/2006] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Percutaneous abscess drainage guided by computed tomography scan is considered the initial step in the management of patients presenting with Hinchey II diverticulitis. The rationale behind this approach is to manage the septic complication conservatively and to follow this later using elective sigmoidectomy with primary anastomosis. METHODS The clinical outcomes for Hinchey II patients who underwent percutaneous abscess drainage in our institution were reviewed. Drainage was considered a failure when signs of continuing sepsis developed, abscess or fistula recurred within 4 weeks of drainage, and emergency surgical resection with or without a colostomy had to be performed. RESULTS A total of 34 patients (17 men and 17 women; median age, 71 years; range, 34-90 years) were considered for analysis. The median abscess size was 6 cm (range, 3-18 cm), and the median duration of drainage was 8 days (range, 1-18 days). Drainage was considered successful for 23 patients (67%). The causes of failure for the remaining 11 patients included continuing sepsis (n = 5), abscess recurrence (n = 5), and fistula formation (n = 1). Ten patients who failed percutaneous abscess drainage underwent an emergency Hartmann procedure, with a median delay of 14 days (range, 1-65 days) between drainage and surgery. Three patients in this group (33%) died in the immediate postoperative period. Among the 23 patients successfully drained, 12 underwent elective sigmoid resection with a primary anastomosis. The median delay between drainage and surgery was 101 days (range, 40-420 days). In this group, there were no anastomotic leaks and no mortality. CONCLUSION Drainage of Hinchey II diverticulitis guided by computed scan was successful in two-thirds of the cases, and 35% of the patients eventually underwent a safe elective sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis. By contrast, failure of percutaneous abscess drainage to control sepsis is associated with a high mortality rate when an emergency resection is performed. The current results demonstrate that percutaneous abscess drainage is an effective initial therapeutic approach for patients with Hinchey II diverticulitis, and that emergency surgery should be avoided whenever possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Durmishi
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital Geneva, Rue Micheli-du-Crest 24, 1211, Genève, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Goldberg HJ, Hertz MI, Ricciardi R, Madoff RD, Baxter NN, Bullard KM. Colon and rectal complications after heart and lung transplantation. J Am Coll Surg 2005; 202:55-61. [PMID: 16377497 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2005.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2005] [Revised: 08/24/2005] [Accepted: 08/29/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal complications of solid organ transplantation have been well described, but little attention has been paid to colorectal disorders in particular. The purpose of this study was to identify the incidence and severity of colorectal complications among a large cohort of heart and lung transplant recipients. STUDY DESIGN We reviewed the medical records of heart, lung, and heart-lung transplant recipients at a single institution between 1978 and 2004. Complications were identified based on need for consultation, endoscopy, or operation by a colorectal surgeon after transplantation. RESULTS Of 1,012 patients who received transplantations (530 heart, 435 lung, 47 heart-lung), 56 patients (6%) required evaluation for 84 colorectal problems. Incidence of complications was 7% in lung transplant recipients, 6% in heart-lung transplant recipients, and 4% in heart transplant recipients. Forty-four events (52%) were considered major (diverticulitis, perforation, malignancy, and other) and 40 (48%) were minor (polyps, pseudo-obstruction treated medically or endoscopically, benign anorectal disease, and other). Twenty-three (27%) required colectomy and 9 (10%) necessitated anal operation. Thirty-six (43%) required less-invasive interventions (endoscopy, minor anorectal procedures, and other). Eighteen (21%) were treated with medical therapy alone. Six patients died from colorectal disease (7%). CONCLUSIONS Colorectal complications are a considerable source of morbidity and mortality after heart and lung transplantation. These complications occur more frequently in patients who undergo lung and heart-lung transplantation as compared with heart transplantation alone.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hilary J Goldberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
McFadden DW. Temporal changes in the management of diverticulitis. J Surg Res 2005; 124:159. [PMID: 15820242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|