Metabolic Disorders, Osteoporosis and Fracture Risk in Asia: A Systematic Review

Metabolic risk factors link unhealthy lifestyles to the risk of colorectal polyps in China

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of global cancer-related deaths, and its precursor lesions are colorectal polyps (CAP). The study aimed to explore the effect of combinations of unhealthy lifestyles on CAP and investigate the mediation role of metabolic disorder in this process. A total of 1299 adults were recruited from a hospital in Jiangsu, China, including 811 cases and 488 adults without diseases. The information on demographic characteristics and lifestyles was collected through questionnaires and the medical record system. Serum biochemical parameters were determined using the automatic biochemical analyzer. Adjusted regression analysis showed that unhealthy lifestyles, including smoking, overnight meals, daily water intake, staying up late, and exercise associated with the risk of CAP. Furthermore, metabolic biomarkers, including BMI, triglycerides, and uric acid, were associated with the risk of CAP. Also, unhealthy lifestyle scores were positively associated with BMI, triglycerides, and CAP. The mediation effect of metabolic biomarkers, such as BMI and triglycerides on the association of unhealthy lifestyle scores with CAP was significant. Available data demonstrate the adverse effect of combinations of unhealthy lifestyle factors on CAP, and metabolic disorders to potentially mediate the association of unhealthy lifestyles with the risk of CAP.

Polyunsaturated fatty acids from microalgae Spirulina platensis modulates lipid metabolism disorders and gut microbiota in high-fat diet rats

Effects of Spirulina platensis 55% ethanol extract (SPL55) on lipid metabolism in high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidaemic rats were investigated. Ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicated that SPL55 was enriched with polyunsaturated fatty acids. Meanwhile, serum and liver lipid levels, including total triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol, were significantly decreased in hyperlipidaemic rats of SPL55. Analysis of tissue sections showed that SPL55 treatment could markedly inhibit hepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis. Moreover, SPL55 regulated the mRNA and protein expression levels of SREBP-1c, HMG-CoA, PEPCK, ACC, and AMPK genes involved in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, SPL55 led to decrease the abundances of Turicibacter, Clostridium_XlVa, and Romboutsia, which were positive correlation with lipid metabolism indicators, and has also enriched Alloprevotella, Prevotella, Porphyromonadaceae, and Barnesiella. These results provided evidence that SPL55 might be developed as a functional food to ameliorate lipid metabolic disorders and hyperlipidaemia.

Bone densitometry status and its associated factors in peri and post menopausal females: A cross sectional study from a tertiary care centre in India

OBJECTIVE

Osteoporosis is a skeletal disorder characterized by diminished bone strength that increases the risk of fracture at instances of trivial trauma. Asians have a lower bone mass than the west. The present study was designed to add data from India on women above the age of 40 years with respect to low bone mineral density (BMD) and its associated high risk factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

After a written informed consent, a detailed history was taken. Basal metabolic index was recorded, and biochemical and endocrine tests were done, followed by dual X ray absorptiometry scan.

RESULTS

Average age of the study population was 46.54 years and BMI 26.58. The prevalence of osteopenia in the study was 36%, and that of osteoporosis, 4%; the overall prevalence of low BMD being 40%. Proportion of women with low BMD increased with advancing age and menopausal status. On endocrine evaluation, 53.44% cases with insufficient vitamin D, 62.5% with hyperparathyroidism, 100% with hypothyroidism, 75% with hyperthyroidism suffered from low BMD. Among chronic diseases, 75% women with diabetes, 33.3% with hypertension, 25% with deranged liver function and 50% with rheumatoid arthritis were found to have low BMD. 46.75% women with sun exposure less than one hour daily had poor bone mineralization. The proportion of women with normal BMD decreased from 84.09% to 43.33% with decrease in daily physical work. On logistic regression analysis, insufficient serum vitamin D concentrations, less physical work and inadequate sun exposure were found to be significantly associated with low BMD.

CONCLUSION

Low BMD is not a disorder confined to postmenopausal women alone. It is widely prevalent in women above 40 years of age. Screening women above 40 in the absence of any high risk factors has the potential of nipping this silent killer in the bud.