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Park JM, Rahmati M, Lee SC, Shin JI, Kim YW. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell on dopaminergic neurons, motor and memory functions in animal models of Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1584-1592. [PMID: 38051903 PMCID: PMC10883506 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.387976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Parkinson's disease is characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, and although restoring striatal dopamine levels may improve symptoms, no treatment can cure or reverse the disease itself. Stem cell therapy has a regenerative effect and is being actively studied as a candidate for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Mesenchymal stem cells are considered a promising option due to fewer ethical concerns, a lower risk of immune rejection, and a lower risk of teratogenicity. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells and their derivatives on motor function, memory, and preservation of dopaminergic neurons in a Parkinson's disease animal model. We searched bibliographic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, Scopus, and Web of Science) to identify articles and included only peer-reviewed in vivo interventional animal studies published in any language through June 28, 2023. The study utilized the random-effect model to estimate the 95% confidence intervals (CI) of the standard mean differences (SMD) between the treatment and control groups. We use the systematic review center for laboratory animal experimentation's risk of bias tool and the collaborative approach to meta-analysis and review of animal studies checklist for study quality assessment. A total of 33 studies with data from 840 Parkinson's disease model animals were included in the meta-analysis. Treatment with mesenchymal stem cells significantly improved motor function as assessed by the amphetamine-induced rotational test. Among the stem cell types, the bone marrow MSCs with neurotrophic factor group showed largest effect size (SMD [95% CI] = -6.21 [-9.50 to -2.93], P = 0.0001, I2 = 0.0 %). The stem cell treatment group had significantly more tyrosine hydroxylase positive dopaminergic neurons in the striatum ([95% CI] = 1.04 [0.59 to 1.49], P = 0.0001, I2 = 65.1 %) and substantia nigra (SMD [95% CI] = 1.38 [0.89 to 1.87], P = 0.0001, I2 = 75.3 %), indicating a protective effect on dopaminergic neurons. Subgroup analysis of the amphetamine-induced rotation test showed a significant reduction only in the intracranial-striatum route (SMD [95% CI] = -2.59 [-3.25 to -1.94], P = 0.0001, I2 = 74.4 %). The memory test showed significant improvement only in the intravenous route (SMD [95% CI] = 4.80 [1.84 to 7.76], P = 0.027, I2 = 79.6 %). Mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to positively impact motor function and memory function and protect dopaminergic neurons in preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. Further research is required to determine the optimal stem cell types, modifications, transplanted cell numbers, and delivery methods for these protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Mi Park
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khoramabad, Iran
| | - Sang Chul Lee
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Il Shin
- Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yong Wook Kim
- Department and Research Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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2
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León-Moreno LC, Reza-Zaldívar EE, Hernández-Sapiéns MA, Villafaña-Estarrón E, García-Martin M, Ojeda-Hernández DD, Matias-Guiu JA, Gomez-Pinedo U, Matias-Guiu J, Canales-Aguirre AA. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Based Therapies in the Post-Acute Neurological COVID Syndrome: Current Landscape and Opportunities. Biomolecules 2023; 14:8. [PMID: 38275749 PMCID: PMC10813738 DOI: 10.3390/biom14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
One of the main concerns related to SARS-CoV-2 infection is the symptoms that could be developed by survivors, known as long COVID, a syndrome characterized by persistent symptoms beyond the acute phase of the infection. This syndrome has emerged as a complex and debilitating condition with a diverse range of manifestations affecting multiple organ systems. It is increasingly recognized for affecting the Central Nervous System, in which one of the most prevalent manifestations is cognitive impairment. The search for effective therapeutic interventions has led to growing interest in Mesenchymal Stem Cell (MSC)-based therapies due to their immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and tissue regenerative properties. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the current understanding and potential applications of MSC-based interventions in the context of post-acute neurological COVID-19 syndrome, exploring the underlying mechanisms by which MSCs exert their effects on neuroinflammation, neuroprotection, and neural tissue repair. Moreover, we discuss the challenges and considerations specific to employing MSC-based therapies, including optimal delivery methods, and functional treatment enhancements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lilia Carolina León-Moreno
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.C.L.-M.); (M.A.H.-S.); (E.V.-E.)
| | | | - Mercedes Azucena Hernández-Sapiéns
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.C.L.-M.); (M.A.H.-S.); (E.V.-E.)
| | - Erika Villafaña-Estarrón
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.C.L.-M.); (M.A.H.-S.); (E.V.-E.)
| | - Marina García-Martin
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (D.D.O.-H.); (J.A.M.-G.); (U.G.-P.)
| | - Doddy Denise Ojeda-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (D.D.O.-H.); (J.A.M.-G.); (U.G.-P.)
| | - Jordi A. Matias-Guiu
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (D.D.O.-H.); (J.A.M.-G.); (U.G.-P.)
| | - Ulises Gomez-Pinedo
- Laboratorio de Neurobiología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (M.G.-M.); (D.D.O.-H.); (J.A.M.-G.); (U.G.-P.)
| | - Jorge Matias-Guiu
- Departamento de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, IdISSC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Arturo Canales-Aguirre
- Unidad de Evaluación Preclínica, Biotecnología Médica Farmacéutica, CONACYT Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Guadalajara 44270, Mexico; (L.C.L.-M.); (M.A.H.-S.); (E.V.-E.)
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3
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Wang F, Sun Z, Peng D, Gianchandani S, Le W, Boltze J, Li S. Cell-therapy for Parkinson's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Transl Med 2023; 21:601. [PMID: 37679754 PMCID: PMC10483810 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04484-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cell-based strategies focusing on replacement or protection of dopaminergic neurons have been considered as a potential approach to treat Parkinson's disease (PD) for decades. However, despite promising preclinical results, clinical trials on cell-therapy for PD reported mixed outcomes and a thorough synthesis of these findings is lacking. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate cell-therapy for PD patients. METHODS We systematically identified all clinical trials investigating cell- or tissue-based therapies for PD published before July 2023. Out of those, studies reporting transplantation of homogenous cells (containing one cell type) were included in meta-analysis. The mean difference or standardized mean difference in quantitative neurological scale scores before and after cell-therapy was analyzed to evaluate treatment effects. RESULTS The systematic literature search revealed 106 articles. Eleven studies reporting data from 11 independent trials (210 patients) were eligible for meta-analysis. Disease severity and motor function evaluation indicated beneficial effects of homogenous cell-therapy in the 'off' state at 3-, 6-, 12-, or 24-month follow-ups, and for motor function even after 36 months. Most of the patients were levodopa responders (61.6-100% in different follow-ups). Cell-therapy was also effective in improving the daily living activities in the 'off' state of PD patients. Cells from diverse sources were used and multiple transplantation modes were applied. Autografts did not improve functional outcomes, while allografts exhibited beneficial effects. Encouragingly, both transplantation into basal ganglia and to areas outside the basal ganglia were effective to reduce disease severity. Some trials reported adverse events potentially related to the surgical procedure. One confirmed and four possible cases of graft-induced dyskinesia were reported in two trials included in this meta-analysis. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis provides preliminary evidence for the beneficial effects of homogenous cell-therapy for PD, potentially to the levodopa responders. Allogeneic cells were superior to autologous cells, and the effective transplantation sites are not limited to the basal ganglia. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022369760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Zhengwu Sun
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Daoyong Peng
- Department of Neurology, Central Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Shikha Gianchandani
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences, Sichuan Provincial Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Johannes Boltze
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Shen Li
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Tieyi Road, Beijing, 100038, China.
- Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
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Yan S, Campos de Souza S, Xie Z, Bao Y. Research progress in clinical trials of stem cell therapy for stroke and neurodegenerative diseases. IBRAIN 2023; 9:214-230. [PMID: 37786546 PMCID: PMC10529019 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of stroke and neurodegenerative diseases is gradually increasing in modern society, but there is still no treatment that is effective enough. Stem cells are cells that can reproduce (self-renew) and differentiate into the body, which have shown significance in basic research, while doctors have also taken them into clinical trials to determine their efficacy and safety. Existing clinical trials mainly include middle-aged and elderly patients with stroke or Parkinson's disease (mostly 40-80 years old), mainly involving injection of mesenchymal stem cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells through the veins and the putamen, with a dosage of mostly 106-108 cells. The neural and motor functions of the patients were restored after stem cell therapy, and the safety was found to be good during the follow-up period of 3 months to 5 years. Here, we review all clinical trials and the latest advances in stroke, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, with the hope that stem cell therapy will be used in the clinic in the future to achieve effective treatment rates and benefit patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan‐Shan Yan
- Department of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Senio Campos de Souza
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical SciencesUniversity of MacauMacau SARChina
| | - Zhen‐Dong Xie
- Institute for Bioengineering of CataloniaUniversity of BarcelonaCarrer de Baldiri ReixacBarcelonaSpain
| | - Yong‐Xin Bao
- Qingdao Women and Children's HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
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5
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Salahi S, Mousavi MA, Azizi G, Hossein-Khannazer N, Vosough M. Stem Cell-based and Advanced Therapeutic Modalities for Parkinson's Disease: A Risk-effectiveness Patient-centered Analysis. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2320-2345. [PMID: 35105291 PMCID: PMC9890289 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220201100238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD), the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, is currently considered a challenging issue since it causes substantial disability, poor quality of life, and mortality. Despite remarkable progress in advanced conventional therapeutic interventions, the global burden of the disease has nearly doubled, prompting us to assess the riskeffectiveness of different treatment modalities. Each protocol could be considered as the best alternative treatment depending on the patient's situation. Prescription of levodopa, the most effective available medicine for this disorder, has been associated with many complications, i.e., multiple episodes of "off-time" and treatment resistance. Other medications, which are typically used in combination with levodopa, may have several adverse effects as well. As a result, the therapies that are more in line with human physiology and make the least interference with other pathways are worth investigating. On the other hand, remaining and persistent symptoms after therapy and the lack of effective response to the conventional approaches have raised expectations towards innovative alternative approaches, such as stem cell-based therapy. It is critical to not overlook the unexplored side effects of innovative approaches due to the limited number of research. In this review, we aimed to compare the efficacy and risk of advanced therapies with innovative cell-based and stemcell- based modalities in PD patients. This paper recapitulated the underlying factors/conditions, which could lead us to more practical and established therapeutic outcomes with more advantages and few complications. It could be an initial step to reconsider the therapeutic blueprint for patients with Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarvenaz Salahi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alsadat Mousavi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Azizi
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nikoo Hossein-Khannazer
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research, Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Massoud Vosough
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Experimental Cancer Medicine, Institution for Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Heris RM, Shirvaliloo M, Abbaspour-Aghdam S, Hazrati A, Shariati A, Youshanlouei HR, Niaragh FJ, Valizadeh H, Ahmadi M. The potential use of mesenchymal stem cells and their exosomes in Parkinson's disease treatment. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:371. [PMID: 35902981 PMCID: PMC9331055 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-03050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most predominant neurodegenerative disease worldwide. It is recognized clinically by severe complications in motor function caused by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAn) and dopamine depletion. As the current standard of treatment is focused on alleviating symptoms through Levodopa, developing neuroprotective techniques is critical for adopting a more pathology-oriented therapeutic approach. Regenerative cell therapy has provided us with an unrivalled platform for evaluating potentially effective novel methods for treating neurodegenerative illnesses over the last two decades. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are most promising, as they can differentiate into dopaminergic neurons and produce neurotrophic substances. The precise process by which stem cells repair neuronal injury is unknown, and MSC-derived exosomes are suggested to be responsible for a significant portion of such effects. The present review discusses the application of mesenchymal stem cells and MSC-derived exosomes in PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Ali Hazrati
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Shariati
- Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Farhad Jadidi Niaragh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Valizadeh
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Majid Ahmadi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran. .,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Wang J, Tian Y, Shi X, Feng Z, Jiang L, Hao Y. Safety and Efficacy of Cell Transplantation on Improving Motor Symptoms in Patients With Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:849069. [PMID: 35601911 PMCID: PMC9120834 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.849069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The past four decades have seen the growing use of tissue or cell transplants in Parkinson’s disease (PD) treatment. Parkinson’s cell therapy is a promising new treatment; however, efficacy of cell transplantation for Parkinson’s disease are entirely unclear. Objective To conduct a meta-analysis and a systematic review of the efficacy of cell therapy in patients with PD. Methods A systematic literature review and meta-analysis of 10 studies were performed to assess the efficacy of cell therapy in Parkinson’s patients. To achieve this, we compared the change in Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) II and III scale scores to baseline and assessed the incidence of transplant-related adverse events. The MINORS score and the I2 index were applied to evaluate the quality of studies between-study heterogeneity, respectively. Results The literature search yielded 10 articles (n = 120). The improvement in motor function based on the UPDRSIII assessment was −14.044 (95% CI: −20.761, −7.327) (p < 0.001), whereas improvement in daily living ability based on the UPDRSII assessment was −5.661 (95% CI: −7.632, −3.689) (p < 0.001). Conclusion The present findings demonstrate important clues on the therapeutic effect of cell therapy in alleviating motor impairment and daily living ability in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaming Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Xin Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital and Shenzhen University Clinical Medical Academy Centre, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhaohai Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yujun Hao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Ürümqi, China
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Corban MT, Toya T, Albers DP, Sebaali F, Lewis B, Bois JPP, Gulati R, Prasad A, Best PJ, Bell M, Rihal C, Prasad M, Ahmad A, Lerman LO, Solseth ML, Winters JL, Dietz AB, Lerman A. IMPROvE-CED Trial: Intracoronary Autologous CD34+ Cell Therapy for Treatment of Coronary Endothelial Dysfunction in Patients With Angina and Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries. Circ Res 2021; 130:326-338. [DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED) causes angina/ischemia in patients with no-obstructive CAD (NOCAD). Patients with CED have decreased number and function of CD34+ cells involved in normal vascular repair with microcirculatory regenerative potential and paracrine anti-inflammatory effects. We evaluated safety and potential efficacy of intracoronary (IC) autologous CD34+ cell therapy for CED.
Methods:
Twenty NOCAD patients with invasively-diagnosed CED and persistent angina despite maximally-tolerated medical therapy (MTMT) underwent baseline exercise stress test (EST), GCSF-mediated CD34+ cell-mobilization, leukapheresis, and selective 1x105 CD34+ cells/kg infusion into LAD. Invasive CED evaluation and EST were repeated 6-months after cell infusion. Primary endpoints were safety and effect of IC autologous CD34+ cell therapy on CED at 6-months follow-up. Secondary endpoints were change in CCS angina class, as-needed sublingual nitroglycerin use/day, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ) scores, and exercise time at 6-months. Change in CED was compared to that of 51 historic-control NOCAD patients treated with MTMT alone.
Results:
Mean age was 52{plus minus}13 years, 75% women. No death, myocardial infarction, or stroke occurred. IC CD34+ cell infusion improved microvascular CED [% acetylcholine-mediated coronary blood flow increased from 7.2 (-18.0-32.4) to 57.6 (16.3-98.3) %, p=0.014], decreased CCS angina class (3.7{plus minus}0.5 to 1.7{plus minus}0.9, Wilcoxon signed-rank test p=0.00018) and sublingual nitroglycerin use/day [1 (0.4-3.5) to 0 (0-1), Wilcoxon signed-rank test p=0.00047], and improved all SAQ scores with no significant change in exercise time at 6-months follow-up. Historic-control patients had no significant change in CED.
Conclusion:
A single IC autologous CD34+ cell infusion was safe and may potentially be an effective disease-modifying therapy for microvascular CED in humans. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03471611
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takumi Toya
- Department of Cardiology, National Defense Medical College, JAPAN
| | | | | | | | | | - Rajiv Gulati
- Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Malcolm Bell
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, UNITED STATES
| | - Charanjit Rihal
- Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, UNITED STATES
| | - Megha Prasad
- Columbia University Medical Center, UNITED STATES
| | | | - Lilach O. Lerman
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, UNITED STATES
| | | | | | - Allan B Dietz
- Lab Medicine and Patholgy, Mayo Clinic, UNITED STATES
| | - Amir Lerman
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, UNITED STATES
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9
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Giordano R, Canesi M, Isalberti M, Marfia G, Campanella R, Vincenti D, Cereda V, Ranghetti A, Palmisano C, Isaias IU, Benti R, Marotta G, Lazzari L, Montemurro T, Viganò M, Budelli S, Montelatici E, Lavazza C, Rivera-Ordaz A, Pezzoli G. Safety and Effectiveness of Cell Therapy in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Take-Home Messages From a Pilot Feasibility Phase I Study of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:723227. [PMID: 34712113 PMCID: PMC8546103 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.723227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells with anti-inflammatory properties. Here we tested the safety of MSCs in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP; ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01824121; Eudract No. 2011-004051-39). Seven patients were treated. To improve the safety, protocol adjustments were made during the performance of the study. The objectives of our work were: (1) to assess the safety of MSCs and (2) to identify critical issues in cell therapies for neurodegenerative diseases. Autologous MSCs from the bone marrow of PSP patients were administered through the internal carotid arteries. 1-year survival and number of severe adverse events were considered as safety endpoints. Clinical rating scales, neuropsychological assessments, gait and posture analysis, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and brain magnetic resonance (BMR) were performed at different follow-up times. Peripheral blood levels of inflammatory cytokines were measured before and after cell infusion. Six of the seven treated patients were living 1 year after cell infusion. Asymptomatic spotty lesions were observed at BMR after 24 h in six of the seven treated patients. The last patient in the preliminary cohort (Case 5) exhibited transiently symptomatic BMR ischemic alterations. No severe adverse events were recorded in the last two treated patients. Interleukin-8 serum concentrations decreased in three patients (Case 2, 3, and 4). An adaptive study design, appropriate and up-to-date efficacy measures, adequate sample size estimation, and, possibly, the use of a cellular and/or allogeneic cell sources may help in performing phase II trials in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Giordano
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Margherita Canesi
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Maurizio Isalberti
- Neuroradiology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.,Department of Neuroradiology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Marfia
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Rolando Campanella
- Neurosurgery Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniele Vincenti
- Onco-Hematology Unit, Bone Marrow Transplantation Center, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico and University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Cereda
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ranghetti
- Parkinson Institute, ASST G. Pini-CTO, Milan, Italy.,Neurologic Rehabilitation Unit, Moriggia Pelascini Hospital, Gravedona ed Uniti, Como, Italy
| | - Chiara Palmisano
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ioannis Ugo Isaias
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg and Julius Maximilian University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Riccardo Benti
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Marotta
- Nuclear Medicine Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Lorenza Lazzari
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Tiziana Montemurro
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariele Viganò
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Budelli
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Montelatici
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristiana Lavazza
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Araceli Rivera-Ordaz
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine - Cell Factory, Center of Transfusion Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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10
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Ng NN, Thakor AS. Locoregional delivery of stem cell-based therapies. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/547/eaba4564. [PMID: 32522806 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba4564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Interventional regenerative medicine (IRM) uses image-guided, minimally invasive procedures for the targeted delivery of stem cell-based therapies to regenerate, replace, or repair damaged organs. Although many cellular therapies have shown promise in the preclinical setting, clinical results have been suboptimal. Most intravenously delivered cells become trapped in the lungs and reticuloendothelial system, resulting in little therapy reaching target tissues. IRM aims to increase the efficacy of cell-based therapies by locoregional stem cell delivery via endovascular, endoluminal, or direct injection into tissues. This review highlights routes of delivery, disease states, and mechanisms of action involved in the targeted delivery of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Norton Ng
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA
| | - Avnesh Sinh Thakor
- Interventional Regenerative Medicine and Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94304, USA.
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11
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The Potential of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Treat and Model Alzheimer's Disease. Stem Cells Int 2021; 2021:5511630. [PMID: 34122554 PMCID: PMC8172295 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5511630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An estimated 6.2 million Americans aged 65 or older are currently living with Alzheimer's disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts an individual's ability to function independently through the degeneration of key regions in the brain, including but not limited to the hippocampus, the prefrontal cortex, and the motor cortex. The cause of this degeneration is not known, but research has found two proteins that undergo posttranslational modifications: tau, a protein concentrated in the axons of neurons, and amyloid precursor protein (APP), a protein concentrated near the synapse. Through mechanisms that have yet to be elucidated, the accumulation of these two proteins in their abnormal aggregate forms leads to the neurodegeneration that is characteristic of AD. Until the invention of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in 2006, the bulk of research was carried out using transgenic animal models that offered little promise in their ability to translate well from benchtop to bedside, creating a bottleneck in the development of therapeutics. However, with iPSC, patient-specific cell cultures can be utilized to create models based on human cells. These human cells have the potential to avoid issues in translatability that have plagued animal models by providing researchers with a model that closely resembles and mimics the neurons found in humans. By using human iPSC technology, researchers can create more accurate models of AD ex vivo while also focusing on regenerative medicine using iPSC in vivo. The following review focuses on the current uses of iPSC and how they have the potential to regenerate damaged neuronal tissue, in the hopes that these technologies can assist in getting through the bottleneck of AD therapeutic research.
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12
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Wedzinska A, Figiel-Dabrowska A, Kozlowska H, Sarnowska A. The Effect of Proinflammatory Cytokines on the Proliferation, Migration and Secretory Activity of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (WJ-MSCs) under 5% O 2 and 21% O 2 Culture Conditions. J Clin Med 2021; 10:1813. [PMID: 33919308 PMCID: PMC8122617 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10091813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells (MSCs) in clinical trials is becoming one of the most-popular and fast-developing branches of modern regenerative medicine, as it is still in an experimental phase. The cross-section of diseases to which these cells are applied is very wide, ranging from degenerative diseases, through autoimmune processes and to acute inflammatory diseases, e.g., viral infections. Indeed, now that first clinical trials applying MSCs against COVID-19 have started, important questions concern not only the therapeutic properties of MSCs, but also the changes that might occur in the cell features as a response to the "cytokine storm" present in the acute phase of an infection and capable of posing a risk to a patient. The aim of our study was thus to assess changes potentially occurring in the biology of MSCs in the active inflammatory environment, e.g., in regards to the cell cycle, cell migration and secretory capacity. The study using MSCs derived from Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs) was conducted under two aerobic conditions: 21% O2 vs. 5% O2, since oxygen concentration is one of the key factors in inflammation. Under both oxygen conditions cells were exposed to proinflammatory cytokines involved significantly in acute inflammation, i.e., IFNγ, TNFα and IL-1β at different concentrations. Regardless of the aerobic conditions, WJ-MSCs in the inflammatory environment do not lose features typical for mesenchymal cells, and their proliferation dynamic remains unchanged. Sudden fluctuations in proliferation, the early indicator of potential genetic disturbance, were not observed, while the cells' migration activity increased. The presence of pro-inflammatory factors was also found to increase the secretion of such anti-inflammatory cytokines as IL-4 and IL-10. It is concluded that the inflammatory milieu in vitro does not cause phenotype changes or give rise to proliferation disruption of WJ-MSCs, and nor does it inhibit the secretory properties providing for their use against acute inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Wedzinska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
| | - Anna Figiel-Dabrowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
| | - Hanna Kozlowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Laboratory of Advanced Microscopy Techniques, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Anna Sarnowska
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (A.W.); (A.F.-D.)
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Stem Cell Bioengineering Unit, Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
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13
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Frederiksen HR, Doehn U, Tveden-Nyborg P, Freude KK. Non-immunogenic Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells, a Promising Way Forward for Allogenic Transplantations for Neurological Disorders. Front Genome Ed 2021; 2:623717. [PMID: 34713244 PMCID: PMC8525385 DOI: 10.3389/fgeed.2020.623717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorder is a general term used for diseases affecting the function of the brain and nervous system. Those include a broad range of diseases from developmental disorders (e.g., Autism) over injury related disorders (e.g., stroke and brain tumors) to age related neurodegeneration (e.g., Alzheimer's disease), affecting up to 1 billion people worldwide. For most of those disorders, no curative treatment exists leaving symptomatic treatment as the primary mean of alleviation. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) in combination with animal models have been instrumental to foster our understanding of underlying disease mechanisms in the brain. Of specific interest are patient derived hiPSC which allow for targeted gene editing in the cases of known mutations. Such personalized treatment would include (1) acquisition of primary cells from the patient, (2) reprogramming of those into hiPSC via non-integrative methods, (3) corrective intervention via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing of mutations, (4) quality control to ensure successful correction and absence of off-target effects, and (5) subsequent transplantation of hiPSC or pre-differentiated precursor cells for cell replacement therapies. This would be the ideal scenario but it is time consuming and expensive. Therefore, it would be of great benefit if transplanted hiPSC could be modulated to become invisible to the recipient's immune system, avoiding graft rejection and allowing for allogenic transplantations. This review will focus on the current status of gene editing to generate non-immunogenic hiPSC and how these cells can be used to treat neurological disorders by using cell replacement therapy. By providing an overview of current limitations and challenges in stem cell replacement therapies and the treatment of neurological disorders, this review outlines how gene editing and non-immunogenic hiPSC can contribute and pave the road for new therapeutic advances. Finally, the combination of using non-immunogenic hiPSC and in vivo animal modeling will highlight the importance of models with translational value for safety efficacy testing; before embarking on human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henriette Reventlow Frederiksen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrik Doehn
- Stem Cell Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tveden-Nyborg
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristine K. Freude
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- *Correspondence: Kristine K. Freude
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Boika A, Aleinikava N, Chyzhyk V, Zafranskaya M, Nizheharodava D, Ponomarev V. Mesenchymal stem cells in Parkinson's disease: Motor and nonmotor symptoms in the early posttransplant period. Surg Neurol Int 2021; 11:380. [PMID: 33408914 PMCID: PMC7771400 DOI: 10.25259/sni_233_2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment of patients with Parkinson disease (PD) using autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a promising method to influence the pathogenesis of the disease. The aim of this study was to assess the immediate results of the introduction of MSCs on the effectiveness of motor and nonmotor symptoms in patients with PD. Methods MSCs were transplanted to 12 patients with PD through intravenous and tandem (intranasal + intravenous) injections. Effectiveness of the therapy was evaluated 1 and 3 months posttransplantation. Neurological examination of the intensity of motor symptoms was carried out in the morning after a 12 or 24 h break in taking antiparkinsonian drugs, then 1 h after they were taken. The intensity of motor symptoms was assessed with the help of Section III of the Unified PD Rating Scale of the International Society for Movement Disorders (UPDRS). The intensity of nonmotor symptoms was assessed with the help of the following scales: Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Nonmotor Symptoms Scale, and the 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire. Results We found a statistically significant decrease in the severity of motor and nonmotor symptoms in the study group in the posttransplant period. Conclusion Positive results allow us to consider MSCs transplantation as a disease-modifying therapeutic strategy in PD. However, this method of PD treatment is not a fully understood process, which requires additional studies and a longer follow-up period to monitor the patients' condition posttransplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliaksandr Boika
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Natallia Aleinikava
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Veranika Chyzhyk
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Marina Zafranskaya
- Department of Immunology and Biomedical Technology, Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Darya Nizheharodava
- Department of Immunology and Biomedical Technology, Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir Ponomarev
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Belarusian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Minsk, Belarus
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15
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Yang X, Tian DC, He W, Lv W, Fan J, Li H, Jin WN, Meng X. Cellular and molecular imaging for stem cell tracking in neurological diseases. Stroke Vasc Neurol 2020; 6:121-127. [PMID: 33122254 PMCID: PMC8005893 DOI: 10.1136/svn-2020-000408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) are cells with strong proliferation ability, multilineage differentiation potential and self-renewal capacity. SC transplantation represents an important therapeutic advancement for the treatment strategy of neurological diseases, both in the preclinical experimental and clinical settings. Innovative and breakthrough SC labelling and tracking technologies are widely used to monitor the distribution and viability of transplanted cells non-invasively and longitudinally. Here we summarised the research progress of the main tracers, labelling methods and imaging technologies involved in current SC tracking technologies for various neurological diseases. Finally, the applications, challenges and unresolved problems of current SC tracing technologies were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Yang
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - De-Cai Tian
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenyan He
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Lv
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Junwan Fan
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Haowen Li
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Na Jin
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Meng
- China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases, Capital Medical University, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
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16
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Liu XY, Yang LP, Zhao L. Stem cell therapy for Alzheimer's disease. World J Stem Cells 2020; 12:787-802. [PMID: 32952859 PMCID: PMC7477654 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v12.i8.787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by memory loss and cognitive impairment. It is caused by synaptic failure and excessive accumulation of misfolded proteins. To date, almost all advanced clinical trials on specific AD-related pathways have failed mostly due to a large number of neurons lost in the brain of patients with AD. Also, currently available drug candidates intervene too late. Stem cells have improved characteristics of self-renewal, proliferation, differentiation, and recombination with the advent of stem cell technology and the transformation of these cells into different types of central nervous system neurons and glial cells. Stem cell treatment has been successful in AD animal models. Recent preclinical studies on stem cell therapy for AD have proved to be promising. Cell replacement therapies, such as human embryonic stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cell–derived neural cells, have the potential to treat patients with AD, and human clinical trials are ongoing in this regard. However, many steps still need to be taken before stem cell therapy becomes a clinically feasible treatment for human AD and related diseases. This paper reviews the pathophysiology of AD and the application prospects of related stem cells based on cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Liu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lin-Po Yang
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
| | - Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300381, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin 300381, China
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17
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Chen C, Chen Q, Liu Y, Zhang C, Zhu K, Li X, Xie H, Zhang R. The cell repair research for Parkinson’s disease: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF NEURORESTORATOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.26599/jnr.2020.9040011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease. Previous studies have demonstrated the effect of cell-based therapies, but their clinical efficacy and safety have not been evaluated. This review protocol aimed to systematically evaluate the effect of stem cell therapy in patients with PD and to develop an evidence base for guiding policy and practice. Methods: PubMed, Embase, MedlinePlus, The Lancet and Brain were searched over the period January 2001 to October 2019. The keywords used for searching were "Parkinson’s disease" and "cell therapy" and "mesenchymal stem cells" and "embryonic stem cells" and "brain-derived neural stem cells" and "neural progenitor cells" . The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and a measurement tool, Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR), to assess systematic reviews were used to assess the reporting quality and methodological quality. Data extracted included study details, participant details, intervention details and outcome. Results: Nine valid research papers were screened out by systematic analysis. These nine studies were carried out in different countries, with different populations and cell types. According to evaluation methods used, all of the transplantation therapies reported can improve the symptoms of PD patients. Conclusions: Cell transplantation is a potential treatment option for PD. More studies with strict study design, larger sample sizes, and longer follow-up are needed in the future.
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18
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Haque ME, Gabr RE, George SD, Boren SB, Vahidy FS, Zhang X, Arevalo OD, Alderman S, Narayana PA, Hasan KM, Friedman ER, Sitton CW, Savitz SI. Serial Cerebral Metabolic Changes in Patients With Ischemic Stroke Treated With Autologous Bone Marrow Derived Mononuclear Cells. Front Neurol 2019; 10:141. [PMID: 30858820 PMCID: PMC6397870 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Cell-based therapy offers new opportunities for the development of novel treatments to promote tissue repair, functional restoration, and cerebral metabolic balance. N-acetylasperate (NAA), Choline (Cho), and Creatine (Cr) are three major metabolites seen on proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) that play a vital role in balancing the biochemical processes and are suggested as markers of recovery. In this preliminary study, we serially monitored changes in these metabolites in ischemic stroke patients who were treated with autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells (MNCs) using non-invasive MRS. Materials and Methods: A sub-group of nine patients (3 male, 6 female) participated in a serial MRS study, as part of a clinical trial on autologous bone marrow cell therapy in acute ischemic stroke. Seven to ten million mononuclear cells were isolated from the patient's bone marrow and administered intravenously within 72 h of onset of injury. MRS data were obtained at 1, 3, and 6 months using a whole-body 3.0T MRI. Single voxel point-resolved spectroscopy (PRESS) was obtained within the lesion and contralesional gray matter. Spectral analysis was done using TARQUIN software and absolute concentration of NAA, Cho, and Cr was determined. National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was serially recoreded. Two-way analysis of variance was performed and p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: All metabolites showed statistically significant or clear trends toward lower ipsilesional concentrations compared to the contralesional side at all time points. Statistically significant reductions were found in ipsilesional NAA at 1M and 3M, Cho at 6M, and Cr at 1M and 6M (p < 0.03), compared to the contralesional side. Temporally, ipsilesional NAA increased between 3M and 6M (p < 0.01). On the other hand, ipsilesional Cho showed continued decline till 6M (p < 0.01). Ipsilesional Cr was stable over time. Contralesional metabolites were relatively stable over time, with only Cr showing a reduction 3M (p < 0.02). There was a significant (p < 0.03) correlation between ipsilesional NAA and NIHSS at 3M follow-up. Conclusion: Serial changes in metabolites suggest that MRS can be applied to monitor therapeutic changes. Post-treatment increasing trends of NAA concentration and significant correlation with NIHSS support a potential therapeutic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad E Haque
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Refaat E Gabr
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sarah D George
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Seth B Boren
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Farhaan S Vahidy
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xu Zhang
- Biostatistics, Epidemiology, Research Design Component, Center for Clinical and Translational Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Octavio D Arevalo
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Susan Alderman
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ponnada A Narayana
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Khader M Hasan
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Elliott R Friedman
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Clark W Sitton
- Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Sean I Savitz
- Institute for Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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19
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Jablonska A, Shea DJ, Cao S, Bulte JW, Janowski M, Konstantopoulos K, Walczak P. Overexpression of VLA-4 in glial-restricted precursors enhances their endothelial docking and induces diapedesis in a mouse stroke model. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:835-846. [PMID: 28436294 PMCID: PMC5987940 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17703888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The loss of oligodendrocytes after stroke is one of the major causes of secondary injury. Glial-restricted progenitors (GRPs) have remylenating potential after intraparenchymal cerebral transplantation. The intraarterial (IA) injection route is an attractive gateway for global brain delivery, but, after IA infusion, naive GRPs fail to bind to the cerebral vasculature. The aim of this study was to test whether overexpression of Very Late Antigen-4 (VLA-4) increases endothelial docking and cerebral homing of GRPs in a stroke model. Mouse GRPs were co-transfected with DNA plasmids encoding VLA-4 subunits (α4, β1). The adhesion capacity and migration were assessed using a microfluidic assay. In vivo imaging of the docking and homing of IA-infused cells was performed using two-photon microscopy in a mouse middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model. Compared to naïve GRPs, transfection of GRPs with VLA-4 resulted in >60% higher adhesion (p < 0.05) to both purified Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-11 (VCAM-11) and TNFα-induced endothelial VCAM-1. VLA-4+GRPs displayed a higher migration in response to a chemoattractant gradient. Following IA infusion, VLA-4+GRPs adhered to the vasculature at three-fold greater numbers than naïve GRPs. Multi-photon imaging confirmed that VLA-4 overexpression increases the efficiency of GRP docking and leads to diapedesis after IA transplantation. This strategy may be further exploited to increase the efficacy of cellular therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jablonska
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,2 Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Daniel J Shea
- 3 Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, USA
| | - Suyi Cao
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,2 Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Jeff Wm Bulte
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,2 Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,3 Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, USA.,4 Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,5 Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Miroslaw Janowski
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,2 Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,6 NeuroRepair Department, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Konstantinos Konstantopoulos
- 3 Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering, Baltimore, USA
| | - Piotr Walczak
- 1 Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,2 Institute for Cell Engineering, Cellular Imaging Section, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA.,7 Department of Radiology, University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland
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20
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Song CG, Zhang YZ, Wu HN, Cao XL, Guo CJ, Li YQ, Zheng MH, Han H. Stem cells: a promising candidate to treat neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1294-1304. [PMID: 30028342 PMCID: PMC6065243 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic impairments are usually irreversible as a result of limited regeneration in the central nervous system. Therefore, based on the regenerative capacity of stem cells, transplantation therapies of various stem cells have been tested in basic research and preclinical trials, and some have shown great prospects. This manuscript overviews the cellular and molecular characteristics of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, and their derivatives in vivo and in vitro as sources for regenerative therapy. These cells have all been considered as candidates to treat several major neurological disorders and diseases, owing to their self-renewal capacity, multi-directional differentiation, neurotrophic properties, and immune modulation effects. We also review representative basic research and recent clinical trials using stem cells for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as traumatic brain injury and glioblastoma. In spite of a few unsuccessful cases, risks of tumorigenicity, and ethical concerns, most results of animal experiments and clinical trials demonstrate efficacious therapeutic effects of stem cells in the treatment of nervous system disease. In summary, these emerging findings in regenerative medicine are likely to contribute to breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological disorders. Thus, stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Geng Song
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Ning Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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21
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Gonzalez-Garza MT, Cruz-Vega DE. Regenerative capacity of autologous stem cell transplantation in elderly: a report of biomedical outcomes. Regen Med 2017; 12:169-178. [DOI: 10.2217/rme-2016-0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of chronic diseases such as neurological, metabolic and cardiovascular degenerative disorders increases with age. Cell therapy is an emerging approach to the treatment of these conditions. Of particular interest is the application of autologous stem cells because it eliminates post-transplantation immune rejection and there are less ethical concerns associated with their use. The regenerative capacity of stem cells harvested from elderly people is however controversial. In this review, we analyze if self-renewal potential, differentiation capability and expression of stemness genes in stem cells collected from elderly patients validate their application in clinical trials and examine the results.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Delia Elva Cruz-Vega
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Escuela Nacional de Medicina, Morones Prieto 3000 Pte, CP64710, Monterrey, Mexico
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Devi MG, Sharma A, Mohanty S, Jain N, Verma K, Padma MV, Pal P, Chabbra HS, Khadilkar S, Prabhakar S, Singh G. Report: Stem cell applications in neurological practice, an expert group consensus appraisal. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2016; 19:367-73. [PMID: 27570390 PMCID: PMC4980961 DOI: 10.4103/0972-2327.186825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neurologists in their clinical practice are faced with inquiries about the suitability of stem cell approaches by patients with a variety of acute and chronic (namely neurodegenerative) disorders. The challenge is to provide these patients with accurate information about the scope of stem cell use as well as at the same time, empowering patients with the capacity to make an autonomous decision regarding the use of stem cells. Methods: The Indian Academy of Neurology commissioned an Expert Group Meeting to formulate an advisory to practicing neurologists to counsel patients seeking information and advice about stem cell approaches. Results and Conclusions: In the course of such counselling, it should be emphasized that the information provided by many lay websites might be unsubstantiated. Besides, standard recommendations for the stem cell research, in particular, the application of several layers of oversight should be strictly adhered in order to ensure safety and ethical use of stem cells in neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Gourie Devi
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Human Behavior and Allied Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Alka Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Government of India, New Delhi, India
| | - Sujata Mohanty
- Stem Cell Facility, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neeraj Jain
- National Brain Research Institute, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
| | - Kusum Verma
- Department of Pathology, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - M Vasantha Padma
- Department of Neurology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pramod Pal
- Department of Neurology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - H S Chabbra
- Indian Spinal Injuries Center, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Khadilkar
- Department of Neurology, Grant Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudesh Prabhakar
- Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Neurology, Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana, Punjab, India
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Finding a new therapeutic approach for no-option Parkinsonisms: mesenchymal stromal cells for progressive supranuclear palsy. J Transl Med 2016; 14:127. [PMID: 27160012 PMCID: PMC4862050 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-0880-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The trophic, anti-apoptotic and regenerative effects of bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) may reduce neuronal cell loss in neurodegenerative disorders. Methods We used MSC as a novel candidate therapeutic tool in a pilot phase-I study for patients affected by progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), a rare, severe and no-option form of Parkinsonism. Five patients received the cells by infusion into the cerebral arteries. Effects were assessed using the best available motor function rating scales (UPDRS, Hoehn and Yahr, PSP rating scale), as well as neuropsychological assessments, gait analysis and brain imaging before and after cell administration. Results One year after cell infusion, all treated patients were alive, except one, who died 9 months after the infusion for reasons not related to cell administration or to disease progression (accidental fall). In all treated patients motor function rating scales remained stable for at least six-months during the one-year follow-up. Conclusions We have demonstrated for the first time that MSC administration is feasible in subjects with PSP. In these patients, in whom deterioration of motor function is invariably rapid, we recorded clinical stabilization for at least 6 months. These encouraging results pave the way to the next randomized, placebo-controlled phase-II study that will definitively provide information on the efficacy of this innovative approach. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01824121
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Cerri S, Greco R, Levandis G, Ghezzi C, Mangione AS, Fuzzati-Armentero MT, Bonizzi A, Avanzini MA, Maccario R, Blandini F. Intracarotid Infusion of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease, Focusing on Cell Distribution and Neuroprotective and Behavioral Effects. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015. [PMID: 26198165 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been proposed as a potential therapeutic tool for Parkinson's disease (PD) and systemic administration of these cells has been tested in preclinical and clinical studies. However, no information on survival and actual capacity of MSCs to reach the brain has been provided. In this study, we evaluated homing of intraarterially infused rat MSCs (rMSCs) in the brain of rats bearing a 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced lesion of the nigrostriatal tract, to establish whether the toxin-induced damage is sufficient to grant MSC passage across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or if a transient BBB disruption is necessary. The rMSC distribution in peripheral organs and the effects of cell infusion on neurodegenerative process and motor deficits were also investigated. rMSCs were infused 14 days after 6-OHDA injection. A hyperosmolar solution of mannitol was used to transiently permeabilize the BBB. Behavioral impairment was assessed by adjusting step test and response to apomorphine. Animals were sacrificed 7 and 28 days after cell infusion. Our work shows that appreciable delivery of rMSCs to the brain of 6-OHDA-lesioned animals can be obtained only after mannitol pretreatment. A notable percentage of infused cells accumulated in peripheral organs. Infusion of rMSCs did not modify the progression of 6-OHDA-induced damage or the motor impairment at the stepping test, but induced progressive normalization of the pathological response (contralateral turning) to apomorphine administration. These findings suggest that many aspects should be further investigated before considering any translation of MSC systemic administration into the clinical setting for PD treatment. SIGNIFICANCE This study demonstrates that mesenchymal stem cells infused through the carotid artery do not efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier in rats with a Parkinson's disease-like degeneration of nigrostriatal neurons, unless a permeabilizing agent (e.g., mannitol) is used. The infusion did not reduce the neuronal damage and associated motor impairment, but abolished the motor abnormalities these animals typically show when challenged with a dopaminergic agonist. Therefore, although arterially infused mesenchymal stem cells did not show neurorestorative effects in this study's Parkinson's disease model, they appeared to normalize the pathological responsiveness of striatal neurons to dopaminergic stimulation. This capability should be further explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerri
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanna Levandis
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Cristina Ghezzi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonina Stefania Mangione
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marie-Therese Fuzzati-Armentero
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Arianna Bonizzi
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Avanzini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rita Maccario
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabio Blandini
- Laboratory of Functional Neurochemistry, Center for Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, and Laboratory of Neurophysiology of Integrative Autonomic Systems, "C. Mondino" National Neurological Institute, Pavia, Italy; Immunology and Transplantation Laboratory/Cell Factory/Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo, Pavia, Italy
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Riecke J, Johns KM, Cai C, Vahidy FS, Parsha K, Furr-Stimming E, Schiess M, Savitz SI. A Meta-Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Animal Models of Parkinson's Disease. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:2082-90. [PMID: 26134374 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2015.0127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple studies have been performed to evaluate the effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in animal models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We performed a meta-analysis to estimate the treatment effect of unmodified MSCs on behavioral outcomes in preclinical studies of PD. We performed a systematic literature search to identify studies that used behavioral testing to evaluate the treatment effect of unmodified MSCs in PD models. Meta-analysis was used to determine pooled effect size for rotational behavior and limb function, and meta-regression was performed to explore sources of heterogeneity. Twenty-five studies, including three delivery routes, a wide range of doses, and multiple PD models, were examined. Significant improvement was seen in the pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) for both rotational behavior [SMD: 1.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.84, 1.64] and limb function (SMD: 0.84, 95% CI: 0.01, 1.66). Using meta-regression, intravenous administration and higher dose had a larger effect on limb function. Treatment with MSCs improves behavioral outcomes in PD models. Our analyses suggest that MSCs could be considered for early-stage clinical trials in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Riecke
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Katherine M Johns
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Chunyan Cai
- 2 Division of Clinical and Translational Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | | | - Kaushik Parsha
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Erin Furr-Stimming
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Mya Schiess
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
| | - Sean I Savitz
- 1 Department of Neurology, University of Texas-Houston Medical School , Houston, Texas
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Xu L, Ryu J, Hiel H, Menon A, Aggarwal A, Rha E, Mahairaki V, Cummings BJ, Koliatsos VE. Transplantation of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in an animal model of diffuse traumatic axonal injury: survival and differentiation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:93. [PMID: 25971252 PMCID: PMC4453242 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0087-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Diffuse axonal injury is an extremely common type of traumatic brain injury encountered in motor vehicle crashes, sports injuries, and in combat. Although many cases of diffuse axonal injury result in chronic disability, there are no current treatments for this condition. Its basic lesion, traumatic axonal injury, has been aggressively modeled in primate and rodent animal models. The inexorable axonal and perikaryal degeneration and dysmyelination often encountered in traumatic axonal injury calls for regenerative therapies, including therapies based on stem cells and precursors. Here we explore the proof of concept that treatments based on transplants of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells can replace or remodel myelin and, eventually, contribute to axonal regeneration in traumatic axonal injury. Methods We derived human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells from the human embryonic stem cell line H9, purified and characterized them. We then transplanted these human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells into the deep sensorimotor cortex next to the corpus callosum of nude rats subjected to traumatic axonal injury based on the impact acceleration model of Marmarou. We explored the time course and spatial distribution of differentiation and structural integration of these cells in rat forebrain. Results At the time of transplantation, over 90 % of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells expressed A2B5, PDGFR, NG2, O4, Olig2 and Sox10, a profile consistent with their progenitor or early oligodendrocyte status. After transplantation, these cells survived well and migrated massively via the corpus callosum in both injured and uninjured brains. Human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells displayed a striking preference for white matter tracts and were contained almost exclusively in the corpus callosum and external capsule, the striatopallidal striae, and cortical layer 6. Over 3 months, human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells progressively matured into myelin basic protein(+) and adenomatous polyposis coli protein(+) oligodendrocytes. The injured environment in the corpus callosum of impact acceleration subjects tended to favor maturation of human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Electron microscopy revealed that mature transplant-derived oligodendrocytes ensheathed host axons with spiral wraps intimately associated with myelin sheaths. Conclusions Our findings suggest that, instead of differentiating locally, human oligodendrocyte progenitor cells migrate massively along white matter tracts and differentiate extensively into ensheathing oligodendrocytes. These features make them appealing candidates for cellular therapies of diffuse axonal injury aiming at myelin remodeling and axonal protection or regeneration. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13287-015-0087-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyan Xu
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Jiwon Ryu
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Hakim Hiel
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Adarsh Menon
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Ayushi Aggarwal
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Elizabeth Rha
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Vasiliki Mahairaki
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Brian J Cummings
- Departments of Physical and Medical Rehabilitation, Neurological Surgery, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.
| | - Vassilis E Koliatsos
- Division of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Daviaud N, Garbayo E, Sindji L, Martínez-Serrano A, Schiller PC, Montero-Menei CN. Survival, differentiation, and neuroprotective mechanisms of human stem cells complexed with neurotrophin-3-releasing pharmacologically active microcarriers in an ex vivo model of Parkinson's disease. Stem Cells Transl Med 2015; 4:670-84. [PMID: 25925835 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Stem cell-based regenerative therapies hold great potential for the treatment of degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). We recently reported the repair and functional recovery after treatment with human marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells adhered to neurotrophin-3 (NT3) releasing pharmacologically active microcarriers (PAMs) in hemiparkinsonian rats. In order to comprehend this effect, the goal of the present work was to elucidate the survival, differentiation, and neuroprotective mechanisms of MIAMI cells and human neural stem cells (NSCs), both adhering to NT3-releasing PAMs in an ex vivo organotypic model of nigrostriatal degeneration made from brain sagittal slices. It was shown that PAMs led to a marked increase in MIAMI cell survival and neuronal differentiation when releasing NT3. A significant neuroprotective effect of MIAMI cells adhering to PAMs was also demonstrated. NSCs barely had a neuroprotective effect and differentiated mostly into dopaminergic neuronal cells when adhering to PAM-NT3. Moreover, those cells were able to release dopamine in a sufficient amount to induce a return to baseline levels. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analyses identified vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stanniocalcin-1 as potential mediators of the neuroprotective effect of MIAMI cells and NSCs, respectively. It was also shown that VEGF locally stimulated tissue vascularization, which might improve graft survival, without excluding a direct neuroprotective effect of VEGF on dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate a prospective interest of human NSC/PAM and MIAMI cell/PAM complexes in tissue engineering for PD. SIGNIFICANCE Stem cell-based regenerative therapies hold great potential for the treatment of degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). The present work elucidates and compares the survival, differentiation, and neuroprotective mechanisms of marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible cells and human neural stem cells both adhered to neurotrophin-3-releasing pharmacologically active microcarriers in an ex vivo organotypic model of PD made from brain sagittal slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Daviaud
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Laurence Sindji
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Alberto Martínez-Serrano
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Paul C Schiller
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Claudia N Montero-Menei
- INSERM U1066, Micro et nanomédecines biomimétiques, Angers, France; L'université Nantes, Angers, Le Mans, Angers University, Angers, France; Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Department of Molecular Biology and Center of Molecular Biology "Severo Ochoa," Autonomous University of Madrid-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Campus Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain; Miami Veterans Healthcare System, Department of Orthopedics, and Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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Mariano ED, Teixeira MJ, Marie SKN, Lepski G. Adult stem cells in neural repair: Current options, limitations and perspectives. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:477-482. [PMID: 25815131 PMCID: PMC4369503 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i2.477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Stem cells represent a promising step for the future of regenerative medicine. As they are able to differentiate into any cell type, tissue or organ, these cells are great candidates for treatments against the worst diseases that defy doctors and researchers around the world. Stem cells can be divided into three main groups: (1) embryonic stem cells; (2) fetal stem cells; and (3) adult stem cells. In terms of their capacity for proliferation, stem cells are also classified as totipotent, pluripotent or multipotent. Adult stem cells, also known as somatic cells, are found in various regions of the adult organism, such as bone marrow, skin, eyes, viscera and brain. They can differentiate into unipotent cells of the residing tissue, generally for the purpose of repair. These cells represent an excellent choice in regenerative medicine, every patient can be a donor of adult stem cells to provide a more customized and efficient therapy against various diseases, in other words, they allow the opportunity of autologous transplantation. But in order to start clinical trials and achieve great results, we need to understand how these cells interact with the host tissue, how they can manipulate or be manipulated by the microenvironment where they will be transplanted and for how long they can maintain their multipotent state to provide a full regeneration.
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Chung SJ, Koh SB, Ju YS, Kim JW. Nationwide Survey of Patient Knowledge and Attitudes towards Human Experimentation Using Stem Cells or Bee Venom Acupuncture for Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2014; 7:84-91. [PMID: 25360232 PMCID: PMC4213536 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.14012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Stem cell treatment is a well-recognized experimental treatment among patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), for which there are high expectations of a positive impact. Acupuncture with bee venom is one of the most popular complementary and alternative treatments for PD. Patient knowledge and attitudes towards these experimental treatments are unknown. Methods Using a 12-item questionnaire, a nationwide survey was conducted of 963 PD patients and 267 caregivers in 44 Korean Movement Disorders Society member hospitals from April 2013 to June 2013. The survey was performed by trained interviewers using conventional methods. Results Regarding questions on experimental treatments using stem cells or bee venom acupuncture, 5.1–17.7% of PD patients answered questions on safety, efficacy, and evidence-based practice incorrectly; however, more than half responded that they did not know the correct answer. Although safety and efficacy have not been established, 55.5% of PD patients responded that they were willing to receive stem cell treatment. With regard to participating in experimental treatments, there was a strong correlation between stem cell treatment and bee venom acupuncture (p < 0.0001, odds ratio = 5.226, 95% confidence interval 3.919–6.969). Younger age, higher education, and a longer duration of PD were all associated with a correct understanding of experimental treatments. Conclusions Our data suggest that relatively few PD patients correctly understand the safety and efficacy of experimental treatments and that PD patients are greatly interested in new treatments. We hope that our data will be used to educate or to plan educational programs for PD patients and caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong Beom Koh
- Department of Neurology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Su Ju
- Department of Occupational & Environmental Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Korea
| | - Jae Woo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dong-A University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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Development of a flow cytometry-based pulse-width assay for detection of aggregates in cellular therapeutics to be infused by catheter. Cytotherapy 2014; 16:1545-1557. [PMID: 24972743 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2014.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS Delivery of cell-based therapies through the carotid artery with the use of an intra-arterial catheter could introduce aggregates and cause focal ischemia in the brain. We developed a pulse-width flow cytometry method for aggregate detection and quantification. The assay was designed to be used as a cell product release assay in a clinical trial seeking to treat ischemic stroke with sorted cells brightly expressing aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH(br) cells) delivered through intra-arterial catheters. METHODS The forward light scatter pulse-width axis of a flow cytometer was calibrated for particle diameter measurements through the use of traceable standard microspheres and linear regression. As a positive control, Concanavalin A-aggregated cells were counted manually and sorted onto slides to compare with pulse width-determined values. Known numbers of aggregates were spiked into purified singlet cells for quantification. A clinical standard for aggregate count and diameter was determined. The assay was used to qualify catheters with the use of ALDH(br) cells. RESULTS The pulse-width axis was highly linear for microsphere diameter (r(2) > 0.99), which allowed for size calibration. Microscopically determined counts and diameters corresponded to pulse width-determined values. Known aggregate counts were linear with pulse width-determined aggregate counts (r(2) = 0.98). The limit of detection was determined to be 0.004%. Flow of ALDH(br) cells through catheters did not generate aggregates. The final method to be used as a release assay for the stroke clinical trial was tested successfully on samples from volunteer donors. CONCLUSIONS The pulse-width aggregate detection assay provides a reliable, reproducible, accurate and rapid means of detection, classification and quantification of aggregates in cell therapy products.
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Giordano R, Canesi M, Isalberti M, Isaias IU, Montemurro T, Viganò M, Montelatici E, Boldrin V, Benti R, Cortelezzi A, Fracchiolla N, Lazzari L, Pezzoli G. Autologous mesenchymal stem cell therapy for progressive supranuclear palsy: translation into a phase I controlled, randomized clinical study. J Transl Med 2014; 12:14. [PMID: 24438512 PMCID: PMC3912501 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5876-12-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/26/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) is a sporadic and progressive neurodegenerative disease which belongs to the family of tauopathies and involves both cortical and subcortical structures. No effective therapy is to date available. Methods/design Autologous bone marrow (BM) mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) from patients affected by different type of parkinsonisms have shown their ability to improve the dopaminergic function in preclinical and clinical models. It is also possible to isolate and expand MSC from the BM of PSP patients with the same proliferation rate and immuphenotypic profile as MSC from healthy donors. BM MSC can be efficiently delivered to the affected brain regions of PSP patients where they can exert their beneficial effects through different mechanisms including the secretion of neurotrophic factors. Here we propose a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase I clinical trial in patients affected by PSP with MSC delivered via intra-arterial injection. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first clinical trial to be applied in a no-option parkinsonism that aims to test the safety and to exploit the properties of autologous mesenchymal stem cells in reducing disease progression. The study has been designed to test the safety of this “first-in-man” approach and to preliminarily explore its efficacy by excluding the placebo effect. Trial registration NCT01824121
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaria Giordano
- Cell Factory, Unit of Cell Therapy and Cryobiology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milano, Italy.
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Wu J, Tzanakakis ES. Deconstructing stem cell population heterogeneity: single-cell analysis and modeling approaches. Biotechnol Adv 2013; 31:1047-62. [PMID: 24035899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Isogenic stem cell populations display cell-to-cell variations in a multitude of attributes including gene or protein expression, epigenetic state, morphology, proliferation and proclivity for differentiation. The origins of the observed heterogeneity and its roles in the maintenance of pluripotency and the lineage specification of stem cells remain unclear. Addressing pertinent questions will require the employment of single-cell analysis methods as traditional cell biochemical and biomolecular assays yield mostly population-average data. In addition to time-lapse microscopy and flow cytometry, recent advances in single-cell genomic, transcriptomic and proteomic profiling are reviewed. The application of multiple displacement amplification, next generation sequencing, mass cytometry and spectrometry to stem cell systems is expected to provide a wealth of information affording unprecedented levels of multiparametric characterization of cell ensembles under defined conditions promoting pluripotency or commitment. Establishing connections between single-cell analysis information and the observed phenotypes will also require suitable mathematical models. Stem cell self-renewal and differentiation are orchestrated by the coordinated regulation of subcellular, intercellular and niche-wide processes spanning multiple time scales. Here, we discuss different modeling approaches and challenges arising from their application to stem cell populations. Integrating single-cell analysis with computational methods will fill gaps in our knowledge about the functions of heterogeneity in stem cell physiology. This combination will also aid the rational design of efficient differentiation and reprogramming strategies as well as bioprocesses for the production of clinically valuable stem cell derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jincheng Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Ramm Sander P, Hau P, Koch S, Schütze K, Bogdahn U, Kalbitzer HR, Aigner L. Stem cell metabolic and spectroscopic profiling. Trends Biotechnol 2013; 31:204-13. [PMID: 23384506 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2013.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Revised: 12/21/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells offer great potential for regenerative medicine because they regenerate damaged tissue by cell replacement and/or by stimulating endogenous repair mechanisms. Although stem cells are defined by their functional properties, such as the potential to proliferate, to self-renew, and to differentiate into specific cell types, their identification based on the expression of specific markers remains vague. Here, profiles of stem cell metabolism might highlight stem cell function more than the expression of single genes/markers. Thus, systematic approaches including spectroscopy might yield insight into stem cell function, identity, and stemness. We review the findings gained by means of metabolic and spectroscopic profiling methodologies, for example, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMRS), mass spectrometry (MS), and Raman spectroscopy (RS), with a focus on neural stem cells and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ramm Sander
- Institute of Biophysics and Physical Biochemistry, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany
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Jiang Y, Zhu W, Zhu J, Wu L, Xu G, Liu X. Feasibility of delivering mesenchymal stem cells via catheter to the proximal end of the lesion artery in patients with stroke in the territory of the middle cerebral artery. Cell Transplant 2012; 22:2291-8. [PMID: 23127560 DOI: 10.3727/096368912x658818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell-based therapy shows great potential in stroke patients. Intra-artery infusion exhibits greater biological distribution compared to intravenous delivery. In addition, umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (UCMSCs) have several advantages compared with other types of stem cells. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of UCMSCs delivered by a catheter to a near lesion site for treatment of an infarction in the middle cerebral artery territory. Four patients with stroke (three with ischemic and one with hemorrhagic stroke) in the middle cerebral artery territory were recruited in this study. One single dose of 2 × 10(7) UCMSCs was infused within 20 min via catheterization in the M1 segment of the middle cerebral artery. The safety and efficacy of this approach were assessed during the in-hospital and 6-month follow-up evaluation. The cell delivery was successfully performed in all of the patients, and no major accidents (stroke or death) were observed. Moreover, no fever or rash was reported. After cellular therapy, two of the three ischemic stroke patients demonstrated improved muscle strength. The improvement of the modified Rankin scale was observed in two patients, both of whom suffered from ischemic stroke at 90 and 180 days after the stem cell therapy. The hemorrhagic stroke patient failed to demonstrate improved muscle strength and did not amend his daily activities. Intra-artery delivery of UCMSCs via catheterization was a feasible and safe approach and may improve the neurological function of ischemic stroke patients with the middle cerebral artery territory infarcts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University School of Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Misra V, Lal A, El Khoury R, Chen PR, Savitz SI. Intra-arterial delivery of cell therapies for stroke. Stem Cells Dev 2012; 21:1007-15. [PMID: 22181047 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell therapy is a novel investigational approach to enhance stroke recovery. Intra-arterial (IA) delivery has the potential advantage of selectively targeting cell therapies to the ischemic brain tissue. Over the past 10 years, IA cell delivery has been under investigation in patients with cardiac and peripheral vascular disease, and these studies have reported promising results. This article reviews the trial methodology and procedural details of these studies and discusses the rationale and challenges in designing IA cell therapy trials for ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Misra
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, UT-Health, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Whone AL, Kemp K, Sun M, Wilkins A, Scolding NJ. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells protect catecholaminergic and serotonergic neuronal perikarya and transporter function from oxidative stress by the secretion of glial-derived neurotrophic factor. Brain Res 2012; 1431:86-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2011.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cell-based therapy has proved to be a promising treatment option for neurological disorders. However, there are difficulties in successfully administrating these stem cells. For example, the brain-blood barrier impedes the entrance of stem cells into the CNS after systemic administration. Direct transplantation or injection may result in brain injury, and these strategies are clinically less feasible. Intranasal administration is a non-invasive and effective alternative for the delivery of drugs, vector-encoded viruses or even phages to the CNS. Recent studies have in fact demonstrated that stem cells may enter the CNS after intranasal administration. These results suggest that intranasal delivery may provide an alternative strategy for stem cell-based therapy. AREAS COVERED This review summarizes current studies that have applied the intranasal delivery of stem cells into the brain. In addition, the distribution and fate of stem cells in the brain and the potential opportunities as well as challenges of intranasal stem cell delivery are also discussed. EXPERT OPINION Intranasal delivery of stem cells is a new method with great potential for the transplantation of stem cells into the brain, and it may provide an extraordinary approach to overcoming the existing barriers of stem cell delivery for the treatment of many neurological disorders. This potential benefit emphasizes the importance of future research into intranasal delivery of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Jiang
- Nanjing University School of Medicine, Jinling Hospital, Department of Neurology, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Stem cells in brain diseases: From cell replacement to disease modeling. Transl Neurosci 2011. [DOI: 10.2478/s13380-011-0017-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractNeurological diseases are recognized as one of the most significant burdens of the modern society. Therefore, a new therapeutic approach applicable to nervous system represents priority of today’s medicine. A rapid development of stem cell technology in the last two decades introduced a possibility to regenerate disease-affected nervous tissue. In this vein, stem cells are envisioned as a replacement for lost neurons, a source of trophic support, a therapeutic vehicle, and as a tool for in vitro modeling. This article reviews the current concepts in stem cell-based therapy of neurological diseases and comments ongoing efforts aiming at clinical translation.
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Abstract
AbstractStem cells have long been in focus as potential therapy or even cure for a whole myriad of diseases. Many neurodegenerative disorders, both acute and chronic, are characterized by irreversible neuronal damage and loss, and only a few efficient treatment options exist. In contrast to many other tissues, the potential of self-regeneration of the central nervous system is highly limited. There is hope that stem cells could replace the damaged neuronal and glial cells, and provide biological and functional restoration based on their properties of self renewal and the ability to give rise to different cells. In recent years, the promising results of research on animal models has led to the establishment of the first clinical trials; although no clear evidence of therapeutic benefit for any of the conditions have been ascertained. Here we give a review of the current strategies of stem-cell based therapy for some of the more common neurological disorders, discussing the progress and current challenges, and giving an overview of future perspectives.
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