1
|
Zhang Y, Geng C, Zhou Y, Li F, Peng S, Guo X, Gu X, Li J, Li H. Association Between Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1) and MACE in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease: A Cohort Study. J Inflamm Res 2024; 17:3603-3615. [PMID: 38855169 PMCID: PMC11162208 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s460605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1), an inflammation-inducible endothelial cell molecule, was reported to be implicated in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. However, the clinical significance of circulating VAP-1 levels in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) remains less studied. Patients and Methods We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 336 hospitalized patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from May 2020 to September 2022, 174 of which were diagnosed with CHD. Serum VAP-1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at enrollment. The primary end point of this study was the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). The coronary stenosis and clinical manifestations of CHD were assessed and recorded from medical records or follow-up calls. The relevant results were obtained, and the reliability of the conclusions was verified through regression analysis, curve fitting, and survival curve. Results After adjusting for potential confounders, higher serum VAP-1 level was associated with increased risk of MACE in patients with CHD [(HR = 5.11, 95% CI = 1.02-25.59), (HR = 5.81, 95% CI = 1.16-29.11)]. The results of curve fitting and survival analysis were consistent with those of regression analysis. However, no significant association was observed between VAP-1 and MACE in the entire study population [(HR = 5.11, 95% CI = 0.41-1.93), (HR = 1.17, 95% CI = 0.52-2.62)]. Furthermore, the level of VAP-1 did not show a significant correlation with coronary stenosis and the clinical manifestations of CHD. Conclusion These findings suggested that CHD patients with higher serum levels of VAP-1 are at a higher risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chi Geng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yulun Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Siliang Peng
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinru Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Manasieva V, Thakur S, Lione LA, Baydoun AR, Skamarauskas J. The Impact of Semicarbazide Sensitive Amine Oxidase Activity on Rat Aortic Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:4946. [PMID: 36902376 PMCID: PMC10002598 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24054946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) is both a soluble- and membrane-bound transmembrane protein expressed in the vascular endothelial and in smooth muscle cells. In vascular endothelial cells, SSAO contributes to the development of atherosclerosis by mediating a leukocyte adhesion cascade; however, its contributory role in the development of atherosclerosis in VSMCs has not yet been fully explored. This study investigates SSAO enzymatic activity in VSMCs using methylamine and aminoacetone as model substrates. The study also addresses the mechanism by which SSAO catalytic activity causes vascular damage, and further evaluates the contribution of SSAO in oxidative stress formation in the vascular wall. SSAO demonstrated higher affinity for aminoacetone when compared to methylamine (Km = 12.08 µM vs. 65.35 µM). Aminoacetone- and methylamine-induced VSMCs death at concentrations of 50 & 1000 µM, and their cytotoxic effect, was reversed with 100 µM of the irreversible SSAO inhibitor MDL72527, which completely abolished cell death. Cytotoxic effects were also observed after 24 h of exposure to formaldehyde, methylglyoxal and H2O2. Enhanced cytotoxicity was detected after the simultaneous addition of formaldehyde and H2O2, as well as methylglyoxal and H2O2. The highest ROS production was observed in aminoacetone- and benzylamine-treated cells. MDL72527 abolished ROS in benzylamine-, methylamine- and aminoacetone-treated cells (**** p < 0.0001), while βAPN demonstrated inhibitory potential only in benzylamine-treated cells (* p < 0.05). Treatment with benzylamine, methylamine and aminoacetone reduced the total GSH levels (**** p < 0.0001); the addition of MDL72527 and βAPN failed to reverse this effect. Overall, a cytotoxic consequence of SSAO catalytic activity was observed in cultured VSMCs where SSAO was identified as a key mediator in ROS formation. These findings could potentially associate SSAO activity with the early developing stages of atherosclerosis through oxidative stress formation and vascular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Manasieva
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, School of Medical Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Shori Thakur
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Lisa A. Lione
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| | - Anwar R. Baydoun
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, School of Pharmacy, De Montford University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK
| | - John Skamarauskas
- Department of Clinical, Pharmaceutical and Biological Science, School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kalkhoran SB, Kriston-Vizi J, Hernandez-Resendiz S, Crespo-Avilan GE, Rosdah AA, Lees JG, Costa JRSD, Ling NXY, Holien JK, Samangouei P, Chinda K, Yap EP, Riquelme JA, Ketteler R, Yellon DM, Lim SY, Hausenloy DJ. Hydralazine protects the heart against acute ischaemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. Cardiovasc Res 2022; 118:282-294. [PMID: 33386841 PMCID: PMC8752357 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvaa343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mitochondrial fission induced by acute myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) has been shown to reduce myocardial infarct size. The clinically used anti-hypertensive and heart failure medication, hydralazine, is known to have anti-oxidant and anti-apoptotic effects. Here, we investigated whether hydralazine confers acute cardioprotection by inhibiting Drp1-mediated mitochondrial fission. METHODS AND RESULTS Pre-treatment with hydralazine was shown to inhibit both mitochondrial fission and mitochondrial membrane depolarisation induced by oxidative stress in HeLa cells. In mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), pre-treatment with hydralazine attenuated mitochondrial fission and cell death induced by oxidative stress, but this effect was absent in MEFs deficient in the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1. Molecular docking and surface plasmon resonance studies demonstrated binding of hydralazine to the GTPase domain of the mitochondrial fission protein, Drp1 (KD 8.6±1.0 µM), and inhibition of Drp1 GTPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. In isolated adult murine cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated IRI, hydralazine inhibited mitochondrial fission, preserved mitochondrial fusion events, and reduced cardiomyocyte death (hydralazine 24.7±2.5% vs. control 34.1±1.5%, P=0.0012). In ex vivo perfused murine hearts subjected to acute IRI, pre-treatment with hydralazine reduced myocardial infarct size (as % left ventricle: hydralazine 29.6±6.5% vs. vehicle control 54.1±4.9%, P=0.0083), and in the murine heart subjected to in vivo IRI, the administration of hydralazine at reperfusion, decreased myocardial infarct size (as % area-at-risk: hydralazine 28.9±3.0% vs. vehicle control 58.2±3.8%, P<0.001). CONCLUSION We show that, in addition to its antioxidant and anti-apoptotic effects, hydralazine, confers acute cardioprotection by inhibiting IRI-induced mitochondrial fission, raising the possibility of repurposing hydralazine as a novel cardioprotective therapy for improving post-infarction outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Beikoghli Kalkhoran
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
| | - Janos Kriston-Vizi
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College, Gower St, Kings Cross, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Sauri Hernandez-Resendiz
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
| | - Gustavo E Crespo-Avilan
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Justus Liebig-University, Ludwigstraße 23, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ayeshah A Rosdah
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sriwijaya, Palembang, Bukit Lama, Kec. Ilir Bar. I, Kota Palembang, 30139 Sumatera Selatan, Indonesia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Medical Building, Cnr Grattan Street & Royal Parade, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Jarmon G Lees
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Medical Building, Cnr Grattan Street & Royal Parade, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Naomi X Y Ling
- Metabolic Signalling Laboratory, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, School of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica K Holien
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Medical Building, Cnr Grattan Street & Royal Parade, 3010 Victoria, Australia
- St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street, Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
- ACRF Rational Drug Discovery Centre, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
| | - Parisa Samangouei
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
| | - Kroekkiat Chinda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Science, Naresuan University, Tha Pho, Mueang Phitsanulok, 65000, Thailand
| | - En Ping Yap
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
| | - Jaime A Riquelme
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
- Advanced Center for Chronic Disease (ACCDiS), Facultad de Ciencias Químicas y Farmacéuticas & Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Sergio Livingstone 1007, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College, Gower St, Kings Cross, WC1E 6BT London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Shiang Y Lim
- O’Brien Institute Department, St Vincent’s Institute of Medical Research, 9 Princes Street Fitzroy Victoria, 3065, Australia
- Department of Surgery and Medicine, University of Melbourne, Medical Building, Cnr Grattan Street & Royal Parade, 3010 Victoria, Australia
| | - Derek J Hausenloy
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorder Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, 8 College Road, 169857, Singapore
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre, 5 Hospital Drive, 169609, Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University Singapore, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Research Center, College of Medical and Health Sciences, Asia University, Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng, 41354 Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li H, Du S, Niu P, Gu X, Wang J, Zhao Y. Vascular Adhesion Protein-1 (VAP-1)/Semicarbazide-Sensitive Amine Oxidase (SSAO): A Potential Therapeutic Target for Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:679707. [PMID: 34322017 PMCID: PMC8312380 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.679707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is a semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), whose enzymatic activity regulates the adhesion/exudation of leukocytes in/from blood vessels. Due to its abundant expressions in vascular systems and prominent roles in inflammations, increasing attentions have been paid to the roles of VAP-1/SSAO in atherosclerosis, a chronic vascular inflammation that eventually drives clinical cardiovascular events. Clinical studies have demonstrated a potential value of soluble VAP-1 (sVAP-1) for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases. Recent findings revealed that VAP-1 is expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and treatment with VAP-1 inhibitors alleviates the progression of atherosclerosis. This review will focus on the roles of VAP-1/SSAO in the progression of atherosclerotic lesions and therapeutic potentials of VAP-1 inhibitors for cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Du
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Panpan Niu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiaosong Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Biology and Basic Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhang Y, Yang Y, He X, Yang P, Zong T, Sun P, Sun R, Yu T, Jiang Z. The cellular function and molecular mechanism of formaldehyde in cardiovascular disease and heart development. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:5358-5371. [PMID: 33973354 PMCID: PMC8184665 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a common air pollutant, formaldehyde is widely present in nature, industrial production and consumer products. Endogenous formaldehyde is mainly produced through the oxidative deamination of methylamine catalysed by semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO) and is ubiquitous in human body fluids, tissues and cells. Vascular endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells are rich in this formaldehyde-producing enzyme and are easily damaged owing to consequent cytotoxicity. Consistent with this, increasing evidence suggests that the cardiovascular system and stages of heart development are also susceptible to the harmful effects of formaldehyde. Exposure to formaldehyde from different sources can induce heart disease such as arrhythmia, myocardial infarction (MI), heart failure (HF) and atherosclerosis (AS). In particular, long-term exposure to high concentrations of formaldehyde in pregnant women is more likely to affect embryonic development and cause heart malformations than long-term exposure to low concentrations of formaldehyde. Specifically, the ability of mouse embryos to effect formaldehyde clearance is far lower than that of the rat embryos, more readily allowing its accumulation. Formaldehyde may also exert toxic effects on heart development by inducing oxidative stress and cardiomyocyte apoptosis. This review focuses on the current progress in understanding the influence and underlying mechanisms of formaldehyde on cardiovascular disease and heart development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Department of Cardiac UltrasoundThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yanyan Yang
- Department of ImmunologyBasic Medicine SchoolQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Xiangqin He
- Department of Cardiac UltrasoundThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Panyu Yang
- Department of Cardiac UltrasoundThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Tingyu Zong
- Department of Cardiac UltrasoundThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Pin Sun
- Department of Cardiac UltrasoundThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Rui‐cong Sun
- Department of Cardiac UltrasoundThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Cardiac UltrasoundThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Institute for Translational MedicineThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Zhirong Jiang
- Department of Cardiac UltrasoundThe Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Unzeta M, Hernàndez-Guillamon M, Sun P, Solé M. SSAO/VAP-1 in Cerebrovascular Disorders: A Potential Therapeutic Target for Stroke and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073365. [PMID: 33805974 PMCID: PMC8036996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (SSAO), also known as vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) or primary amine oxidase (PrAO), is a deaminating enzyme highly expressed in vessels that generates harmful products as a result of its enzymatic activity. As a multifunctional enzyme, it is also involved in inflammation through its ability to bind and promote the transmigration of circulating leukocytes into inflamed tissues. Inflammation is present in different systemic and cerebral diseases, including stroke and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). These pathologies show important affectations on cerebral vessels, together with increased SSAO levels. This review summarizes the main roles of SSAO/VAP-1 in human physiology and pathophysiology and discusses the mechanisms by which it can affect the onset and progression of both stroke and AD. As there is an evident interrelationship between stroke and AD, basically through the vascular system dysfunction, the possibility that SSAO/VAP-1 could be involved in the transition between these two pathologies is suggested. Hence, its inhibition is proposed to be an interesting therapeutical approach to the brain damage induced in these both cerebral pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Unzeta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Neurosciences, Universitat Auònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Mar Hernàndez-Guillamon
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-934-896-766
| | - Ping Sun
- Department of Neurology, Pittsburgh Institute of Brain Disorders and Recovery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA;
| | - Montse Solé
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tékus V, Horváth ÁI, Csekő K, Szabadfi K, Kovács-Valasek A, Dányádi B, Deres L, Halmosi R, Sághy É, Varga ZV, Adeghate E, Kőszegi T, Mátyus P, Gábriel R, Ferdinandy P, Pintér E, Helyes Z. Protective effects of the novel amine-oxidase inhibitor multi-target drug SZV 1287 on streptozotocin-induced beta cell damage and diabetic complications in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 134:111105. [PMID: 33338750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disease leading to hyperglycemia due to insufficient pancreatic insulin production or effect. Amine oxidase copper containing 3 (AOC3) is an enzyme that belongs to the semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase family, which may be a novel therapeutic target to treat diabetic complications. We aimed to explore the effects of AOC3 inhibition and to test the actions of our novel AOC3 inhibitor multi-target drug candidate, SZV 1287, compared to a selective reference compound, LJP 1207, in an 8-week long insulin-controlled streptozotocin (STZ)-induced (60 mg/kg i.p.) rat diabetes model. Both AOC3 inhibitors (20 mg/kg, daily s.c. injections) were protective against STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage determined by insulin immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity measured by paw withdrawal latency decrease from 0 °C water, and retinal dysfunction detected by electroretinography. SZV 1287 showed greater inhibitory effects on beta cell damage, and reduced retinal apoptosis shown by histochemistry. Mechanical hypersensitivity measured by aesthesiometry, cardiac dysfunction and nitrosative stress determined by echocardiography and immunohistochemistry/Western blot, respectively, serum Na+, K+, fructosamine, and urine microalbumin, creatinine, total protein/creatinine ratio alterations did not develop in response to diabetes. None of these parameters were influenced by the treatments except for SZV 1287 reducing serum fructosamine and LJP 1207 increasing urine creatinine. We provide the first evidence for protective effects of AOC3 inhibition on STZ-induced pancreatic beta cell damage, neuropathic cold hypersensitivity and diabetic retinal dysfunction. Long-term treatment with our novel multi-target analgesic candidate, SZV 1287, is safe and effective also under diabetic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valéria Tékus
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ádám István Horváth
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kata Csekő
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Krisztina Szabadfi
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andrea Kovács-Valasek
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Bese Dányádi
- Department of Anatomy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - László Deres
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; HAS-UP Nuclear-Mitochondrial Interactions Research Group, H-1245, Budapest, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Genomics and Experimental Cardiology Research Group, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; 1st Department of Medicine, Clinical Centre, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Éva Sághy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zoltán V Varga
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ernest Adeghate
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, P.O. Box 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tamás Kőszegi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Pécs, Medical School, Ifjúság útja 13, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Mátyus
- Institute of Digital Health Sciences, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Health and Public Services, Ferenc tér 15, H-1094, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róbert Gábriel
- Department of Experimental Zoology and Neurobiology, University of Pécs, Faculty of Sciences, Ifjúság útja 6, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Retinal Neurobiology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Péter Ferdinandy
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Nagyvárad tér 4, H-1089, Budapest, Hungary; Pharmahungary Group, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Erika Pintér
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pécs, Medical School, Szigeti út 12, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; Molecular Pharmacology Research Group & Centre for Neuroscience, János Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pécs, Ifjúság útja 20, H-7624, Pécs, Hungary; PharmInVivo Ltd., Szondi György u. 10, H-7629, Pécs, Hungary.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vakal S, Jalkanen S, Dahlström KM, Salminen TA. Human Copper-Containing Amine Oxidases in Drug Design and Development. Molecules 2020; 25:E1293. [PMID: 32178384 PMCID: PMC7144023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two members of the copper-containing amine oxidase family are physiologically important proteins: (1) Diamine oxidase (hDAO; AOC1) with a preference for diamines is involved in degradation of histamine and (2) Vascular adhesion protein-1 (hVAP-1; AOC3) with a preference for monoamines is a multifunctional cell-surface receptor and an enzyme. hVAP-1-targeted inhibitors are designed to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer, whereas the off-target binding of the designed inhibitors to hDAO might result in adverse drug reactions. The X-ray structures for both human enzymes are solved and provide the basis for computer-aided inhibitor design, which has been reported by several research groups. Although the putative off-target effect of hDAO is less studied, computational methods could be easily utilized to avoid the binding of VAP-1-targeted inhibitors to hDAO. The choice of the model organism for preclinical testing of hVAP-1 inhibitors is not either trivial due to species-specific binding properties of designed inhibitors and different repertoire of copper-containing amine oxidase family members in mammalian species. Thus, the facts that should be considered in hVAP-1-targeted inhibitor design are discussed in light of the applied structural bioinformatics and structural biology approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Serhii Vakal
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (S.V.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Käthe M. Dahlström
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (S.V.); (K.M.D.)
| | - Tiina A. Salminen
- Structural Bioinformatics Laboratory, Biochemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, Tykistökatu 6A, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (S.V.); (K.M.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
Significance: Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is an ectoenzyme that oxidates primary amines in a reaction producing also hydrogen peroxide. VAP-1 on the blood vessel endothelium regulates leukocyte extravasation from the blood into tissues under physiological and pathological conditions. Recent Advances: Inhibition of VAP-1 by neutralizing antibodies and by several novel small-molecule enzyme inhibitors interferes with leukocyte trafficking and alleviates inflammation in many experimental models. Targeting of VAP-1 also shows beneficial effects in several other diseases, such as ischemia/reperfusion, fibrosis, and cancer. Moreover, soluble VAP-1 levels may serve as a new prognostic biomarker in selected diseases. Critical Issues: Understanding the contribution of the enzyme activity-independent and enzyme activity-dependent functions, which often appear to be mediated by the hydrogen peroxide production, in the VAP-1 biology will be crucial. Similarly, there is a pressing need to understand which of the VAP-1 functions are regulated through the modulation of leukocyte trafficking, and what is the role of VAP-1 synthesized in adipose and smooth muscle cells. Future Directions: The specificity and selectivity of new VAP-1 inhibitors, and their value in animal models under therapeutic settings need to be addressed. Results from several programs studying the therapeutic potential of VAP-1 inhibition, which now are in clinical trials, will reveal the relevance of this amine oxidase in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marko Salmi
- 1 MediCity , Turku, Finland .,2 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sirpa Jalkanen
- 1 MediCity , Turku, Finland .,2 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rogers CA, Bryan AJ, Nash R, Suleiman MS, Baos S, Plummer Z, Hillier J, Davies I, Downes R, Nicholson E, Reeves BC, Angelini GD. Propofol cardioplegia: A single-center, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2015; 150:1610-9.e13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2015.06.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
|
11
|
Li R, Li H, Luo HJ, Lin ZX, Jiang ZW, Luo WH. SSAO inhibitors suppress hepatocellular tumor growth in mice. Cell Immunol 2013; 283:61-9. [PMID: 23850964 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2013.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2013] [Revised: 05/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Vascular adhesion protein-1 (VAP-1) is both an endothelial adhesion molecule involved in leukocytes emigration, and an oxidase belonging to the family of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidases (SSAOs). The enzyme activity of VAP-1 plays an important role in the migration of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) into tumor site, and SSAO inhibitors can block the function of VAP-1. The effects of SSAO inhibitors on leukocyte infiltration and tumor progression were evaluated in H22 hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing C57BL/6 mice. Tumor weight and volume were measured after SSAO inhibitor treatment. Then, MDSCs recruitment and neo-angiogenesis were determined using immunostaining. SSAO inhibitors significantly blocked the catalytic activity of VAP-1 in tumor, attenuated tumor progression, and reduced neo-angiogenesis. CD11b(+) and Gr-1(+) MDSCs, which normally infiltrate into tumors, were significantly diminished in tumor-bearing mice treated with SSAO inhibitors. The present study demonstrated that SSAO inhibitors might have an anti-tumor effect on hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting recruitment of CD11b(+) and Gr-1(+) cells and hindering angiogenesis, which could be attributed to impairing the catalytic activity of VAP-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lack of association between VAP-1/SSAO activity and corneal neovascularization in a rabbit model. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2013; 120:969-75. [PMID: 23397320 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-013-0986-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to determine the efficacy of a potent and specific vascular adhesive protein-1/semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (VAP-1/SSAO) inhibitor, LJP 1207, as a potential antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory agent in the therapy of corneal neovascularization. Corneal neovascularization was induced with intrastromal suturing in rabbits (n = 20). Topical treatment with VAP-1/SSAO inhibitor LJP 1207 (n = 5, 4 times a day), bevacizumab (n = 5, daily), their combination (n = 5) and vehicle only (n = 5, 4 times a day) were applied postoperatively for 2 weeks. The development and extent of corneal neovascularization were evaluated by digital image analysis. At the end of the observation period, the level of corneal and serum VAP-1/SSAO activity was measured fluorometrically and radiochemically. The corneal VAP-1/SSAO activity was significantly elevated in the suture-challenged vehicle-treated group (3,075 ± 1,009 pmol/mg/h) as compared to unoperated controls (464.2 ± 135 pmol/mg/h, p < 0.001). Treatment with LJP 1207 resulted in slower early phase neovascularization compared to vehicle-treated animals (not significant). At days 7-14, there was no significant difference in the extent of corneal neovascularization between inhibitor- and vehicle-treated corneas, even though inhibitor treatment caused a normalization of corneal VAP-1/SSAO activity (885 ± 452 pmol/mg/h). Our results demonstrate that the significant elevation of VAP-1/SSAO activity due to corneal injury can be prevented with VAP-1/SSAO inhibitor LJP 1207 treatment. However, normalization of VAP-1/SSAO activity in this model does not prevent the development of corneal neovascularization.
Collapse
|