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Jia Y, Long D, Yang Y, Wang Q, Wu Q, Zhang Q. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy and glycemic variability assessed by continuous glucose monitoring: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2024; 213:111757. [PMID: 38944250 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2024.111757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM)-derived metrics have been used to accurately assess glycemic variability (GV) to facilitate management of diabetes mellitus, yet their relationship with diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is not fully understood. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between GV metrics and the risk of developing DPN. Nine studies totaling 3,649 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus were included. A significant association was found between increased GV, as indicated by metrics including standard deviation (SD) with OR and 95% CI of 2.58 (1.45-4.57), mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) with OR and 95% CI of 1.90 (1.01-3.58), mean of daily difference (MODD) with OR and 95% CI of 2.88 (2.17-3.81) and the incidence of DPN. Our findings support a link between higher GV and an increased risk of DPN in patients with diabetes. These findings highlight the potential of GV metrics as indicators for the development of DPN, advocating for their inclusion in diabetes management strategies to potentially mitigate neuropathy risk. Longitudinal studies with longer observation periods and larger sample sizes are necessary to validate these associations across diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Jia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dan Long
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Yunshuang Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Beijing Longfu Hospital, Beijing 100010, China
| | - Qiong Wang
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Qunli Wu
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China.
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Klimontov VV, Saik OV, Korbut AI. Glucose Variability: How Does It Work? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157783. [PMID: 34360550 PMCID: PMC8346105 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of evidence points to the role of glucose variability (GV) in the development of the microvascular and macrovascular complications of diabetes. In this review, we summarize data on GV-induced biochemical, cellular and molecular events involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. Current data indicate that the deteriorating effect of GV on target organs can be realized through oxidative stress, glycation, chronic low-grade inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, platelet activation, impaired angiogenesis and renal fibrosis. The effects of GV on oxidative stress, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and hypercoagulability could be aggravated by hypoglycemia, associated with high GV. Oscillating hyperglycemia contributes to beta cell dysfunction, which leads to a further increase in GV and completes the vicious circle. In cells, the GV-induced cytotoxic effect includes mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and disturbances in autophagic flux, which are accompanied by reduced viability, activation of apoptosis and abnormalities in cell proliferation. These effects are realized through the up- and down-regulation of a large number of genes and the activity of signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, MAPK (ERK), JNK and TGF-β/Smad. Epigenetic modifications mediate the postponed effects of glucose fluctuations. The multiple deteriorative effects of GV provide further support for considering it as a therapeutic target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V. Klimontov
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Olga V. Saik
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
- Laboratory of Computer Proteomics, Federal Research Center Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IC&G SB RAS), 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Anton I. Korbut
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymphology—Branch of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (RICEL—Branch of IC&G SB RAS), 630060 Novosibirsk, Russia; (O.V.S.); (A.I.K.)
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Oltipraz Prevents High Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress and Apoptosis in RSC96 Cells through the Nrf2/NQO1 Signalling Pathway. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5939815. [PMID: 32685505 PMCID: PMC7333049 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5939815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus (DM). Schwann cell (SC) apoptosis contributes to the occurrence and development of DPN. Effective drugs to prevent SC apoptosis are required to relieve and reverse peripheral nerve injury caused by DM. Oltipraz [4-methyl-5-(2-pyrazinyl)-1,2-dithiole-3-thione], an agonist of nuclear factor erythroid derived-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), exerts strong effect against oxidative stress in animal models or clinical patients in certain diseases, including heart failure, acute kidney injury, and liver injury. The aim of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of oltipraz in preventing SC apoptosis induced by high glucose levels. RSC96 cells pretreated with oltipraz were cultured in high-glucose medium (50 mM glucose) for 24 h, and cells cultured in medium containing 5 mM glucose were used as the control. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the degree of apoptosis. A Cell Counting Kit-8 assay was used to assess cell viability. The mitochondrial membrane potential was assessed using JC-1 staining, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was measured using 20,70-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate staining. In addition, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels were also evaluated using the corresponding kits. Flow cytometry was subsequently used to detect apoptosis, and western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of nuclear factor erythroid derived-2-related factor 2 and NADPH quinone oxidoreductase 1. The results showed that high glucose concentration increased oxidative stress and apoptosis in RSC96 cells. Oltipraz improved cell viability and reduced apoptosis of RSC96 cells in the high glucose environment. Additionally, oltipraz exhibited a significant antioxidative effect, as shown by the decrease in MDA levels, increased SOD levels, and reduced ROS generation in RSC96 cells. The results of the present study suggest that oltipraz exhibits potential as an effective drug for treatment with DPN.
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Liu YP, Shao SJ, Guo HD. Schwann cells apoptosis is induced by high glucose in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Life Sci 2020; 248:117459. [PMID: 32092332 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common complication of diabetes mellitus that affects approximately half of patients with diabetes. Current treatment regimens cannot treat DPN effectively. Schwann cells (SCs) are very sensitive to glucose concentration and insulin, and closely associated with the occurrence and development of type 1 diabetic mellitus (T1DM) and DPN. Apoptosis of SCs is induced by hyperglycemia and is involved in the pathogenesis of DPN. This review considers the pathological processes of SCs apoptosis under high glucose, which include the following: oxidative stress, inflammatory reactions, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy, nitrification and signaling pathways (PI3K/AKT, ERK, PERK/Nrf2, and Wnt/β-catenin). The clarification of mechanisms underlying SCs apoptosis induced by high glucose will help us to understand and identify more effective strategies for the treatment of T1DM DPN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Pu Liu
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shui-Jin Shao
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Hai-Dong Guo
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Yu X, Guan Q, Wang Y, Shen H, Zhai L, Lu X, Jin Y. Anticonvulsant and anti-apoptosis effects of salvianolic acid B on pentylenetetrazole-kindled rats via AKT/CREB/BDNF signaling. Epilepsy Res 2019; 154:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Jia Q, Zhu R, Tian Y, Chen B, Li R, Li L, Wang L, Che Y, Zhao D, Mo F, Gao S, Zhang D. Salvia miltiorrhiza in diabetes: A review of its pharmacology, phytochemistry, and safety. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152871. [PMID: 30851580 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvia miltiorrhiza (SM), one of the frequently used herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has now attracted rising interests for a possible alternative in the management of diabetes. This review is aimed to providing a comprehensive perspective of SM in phytochemical constituents, pharmacological activities against diabetes and its complications, and safety. METHODS A comprehensive search of published literatures was conducted to locate original publications pertaining to SM and diabetes till the end of 2017 using PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, National Science and Technology Library, China Science and Technology Journal Database, and Web of Science database. The main inquiry was used for the presence of the following keywords in various combinations in the titles and abstracts: Salvia miltiorrhiza, diabetes, obesity, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. About 200 research papers and reviews were consulted. RESULTS SM exhibited anti-diabetic activities by treating macro- and micro-vascular diseases in preclinical experiments and clinical trials through an improvement of redox homeostasis and inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation via the regulation of Wnt/β-catenin, TSP-1/TGF-β1/STAT3, JNK/PI3K/Akt, kinin B2 receptor-Akt-GSK-3β, AMPKβ/PGC-1α/Sirt3, Akt/AMPK, TXNIP/NLRP3, TGF-β1/NF-κB, mineralocorticoid receptor/Na+/K+-ATPase, AGEs/RAGE, Nrf2/Keap1, CaMKKβ/AMPK, AMPK/ACC, IRS-1/PI3K signaling pathways, and modulation of K+-Ca2+ channels, as well as influence of VEGF, NOS, AGEs, PPAR expression and hIAPP aggregation. The antidiabetic effects of this herb may be related to its TCM characters of improving blood circulation and reliving blood stasis. The main ingredients of SM included salvianolic acids and diterpenoid tanshinones, which have been well studied in the diabetic animals. Acute and subacute toxicity studies supported the notion that SM is well tolerated. CONCLUSION SM may offer a new strategy for prevention and treatment of diabetes and its complications that stimulates extensive research into identifying potential anti-diabetic compounds and fractions as well as exploring the underlying mechanisms of this herb. Further scientific evidences are still required from well-designed preclinical experiments and clinical trials on its anti-diabetic effects and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiangqiang Jia
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ruyuan Zhu
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yimiao Tian
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Beibei Chen
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Rui Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lin Li
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Lili Wang
- School of Chinese Material Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Yiwen Che
- The Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Fangfang Mo
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sihua Gao
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Dongwei Zhang
- Diabetes Research Center, Traditional Chinese Medicine School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.
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Zhou X, Razmovski-Naumovski V, Kam A, Chang D, Li CG, Chan K, Bensoussan A. Synergistic study of a Danshen (Salvia Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma) and Sanqi (Notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma) combination on cell survival in EA.hy926 cells. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:50. [PMID: 30791910 PMCID: PMC6385400 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2458-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background This study investigated the protective effects of the Danshen (DS) and Sanqi (SQ) herb pair on cell survival in the human cardiovascular endothelial (EA.hy926) cell line exposed to injury. Methods Nine combination ratios of Danshen-Sanqi extracts (DS-SQ) were screened for their protective effects in the EA.hy926 cell line against two different cellular impairments induced by DL-homocysteine (Hcy) – adenosine (Ado) – tumour necrosis factors (TNF) and oxidative stress (H2O2), respectively. The type of interaction (synergistic, antagonistic, additive) between DS and SQ was analysed using a combination index (CI) model. The effects of key bioactive compounds from DS and SQ were tested using the same models. The compound from each herb that demonstrated the most potent activity in cell viability was combined to evaluate their synergistic/antagonistic interaction using CI. Results DS-SQ ratios of 6:4 (50–300 μg/mL) produced synergistic effects (CI < 1) in restoring cell viability, reducing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and caspase-3 expressions against Hcy-Ado-TNF. Additionally, DS-SQ 6:4 (50–150 μg/mL) was found to synergistically protect endothelial cells from impaired cellular injury induced by oxidative damage (H2O2) by restoring reduced cell viability and inhibiting excessive expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In particular, the combination of salvianolic acid A (SA) and ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) at 4:6 (1–150 μM) showed synergistic effects in preventing cytotoxic effects caused by Hcy-Ado-TNF (CI < 1). This simplified combination also demonstrated synergistic effects on H2O2-induced oxidative damage on EA.hy926 cells. Conclusions This study provides scientific evidence to support the traditional use of the DS-SQ combination on protecting endothelial cells through their synergistic interactions. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2458-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Kwai NCG, Arnold R, Poynten AM, Krishnan AV. Association between glycemic variability and peripheral nerve dysfunction in type 1 diabetes. Muscle Nerve 2016; 54:967-969. [PMID: 27465125 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glycemic variability (GV) may be a novel factor in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications. However, the effect of GV on peripheral nerve function has not been explored systematically. METHODS The relationship between GV and acute glucose levels on motor and sensory nerve function in 17 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) was assessed using continuous glucose monitoring and nerve excitability techniques to provide insight into the behavior of axonal voltage-gated ion channels. The mean amplitude of glycemic excursions (MAGE) was calculated to quantify GV. RESULTS MAGE strongly correlated with excitability markers of altered motor and sensory axonal function, including superexcitability (r = 0.54), S2 accommodation (r = -0.76), minimum current threshold (I/V) slope (r = 0.71), strength duration time constant (r = 0.66), and latency (r = 0.65; P < 0.05). Acute glucose levels did not correlate with markers of axonal function. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that GV may be an important mediator of axonal dysfunction in T1DM and a contributing factor in development of diabetic neuropathy. Muscle Nerve, 2016 Muscle Nerve 54: 967-969, 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C G Kwai
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ria Arnold
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ann M Poynten
- Department of Endocrinology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney
| | - Arun V Krishnan
- Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales Australia, NSW 2052, Sydney, Australia.
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Yang X, Yao W, Shi H, Liu H, Li Y, Gao Y, Liu R, Xu L. Paeoniflorin protects Schwann cells against high glucose induced oxidative injury by activating Nrf2/ARE pathway and inhibiting apoptosis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 185:361-369. [PMID: 26979341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 01/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Paeoniflorin (PF) is the principal bioactive component of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., which an included in Tang Luo Ning recipe, a traditional Chinese herbal medicine based on Huangqi Guizhi Wuwu decoction. PF is also widely used in Traditional Chinese Medicine for the treatment of blood-arthralgia disease including diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN), but its underlying molecular mechanism of neuroprotective effects is not yet well understood. Diabetic hyperglycemia induced oxidative stress in Schwann cells, an important component of the peripheral nervous system, has been proposed as a unifying mechanism for DPN. The objective of this study is to determine the effects of PF on Schwann cells oxidative stress and apoptosis induced by high glucose. MATERIALS AND METHODS RSC96 cells, a Schwann cell line, were treated with high glucose (150mM) and PF (1, 10 and 100μM). Subsequently, MTT assay was performed. The level of apoptosis was examined by flow cytometry and the oxidative stress was reflected by reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) levels. The mRNA expressions of Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) were detected by qRT-PCR. The levels of Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1 (Keap1), Nrf2, HO-1, γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase (γGCS), B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bax and Caspase 3 were detected by High content analysis and/or Western blot. RESULTS The role of PF markedly suppressed high glucose induced Schwann cells oxidative stress by decreasing ROS and MDA levels and increasing GST and GPX activity. Western blot analysis showed that PF induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2. High content analysis showed that PF promoted Nrf2 dissociation from Keap1 and upregulating the Nrf2/ antioxidant response element (ARE) pathway. Furthermore, PF reduced Schwann cells apoptosis by increasing Bcl-2 and inhibiting Bax and Caspase-3 expressions. CONCLUSIONS PF in the management of Schwann cells oxidative stress induced by high glucose may be associated with activation of Nrf2/ARE pathway and Bcl-2-related apoptotic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Weijie Yao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Haotian Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Haolong Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Yangfan Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Yanbin Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Renhui Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Lab of TCM Collateral Disease Theory Research China
| | - Liping Xu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, #10, Youanmenwai Xitoutiao, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Yin X, Zheng F, Pan Q, Zhang S, Yu D, Xu Z, Li H. Glucose fluctuation increased hepatocyte apoptosis under lipotoxicity and the involvement of mitochondrial permeability transition opening. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 55:169-81. [PMID: 26464382 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is considered to be an important factor in producing lethal hepatocyte injury associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Glucose fluctuation, more pronounced in patients with diabetes, has been recognized as an even stronger oxidative stress inducer than the sustained hyperglycemia. Here, we investigated the role of glucose variability in the development of the NAFLD based on hepatocyte apoptosis and possible mechanisms. To achieve this goal we studied C57BL/6J mice that were maintained on a high fat diet (HFD) and injected with glucose (3 g/kg) twice daily to induce intermittent high glucose (IHG). We also studied hepatic L02 cells incubated with palmitic acid (PA) to induce steatosis. The following experimental groups were compared: normal glucose (NG), sustained high glucose (SHG) and IHG with or without PA. We found that, although hepatic enzyme levels and liver lipid deposition were comparable between HFD mice injected with glucose or saline, the glucose injected mice displayed marked hepatocyte apoptosis and inflammation, accompanied by increased lipid peroxide in liver. In vitro, in the presence of PA, IHG increased L02 cell apoptosis and oxidative stress and produced pronounced mitochondrial dysfunction relative to the NG and SHG groups. Furthermore, treatment with the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) inhibitor, cyclosporin A (1.5 μmol/l), prevented mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis. Our data suggests that IHG under lipotoxicity might contribute to the development of NAFLD by increasing oxidative stress and hepatocyte apoptosis via MPT and its related mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueyao Yin
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Fenping Zheng
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Qianqian Pan
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Saifei Zhang
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Dan Yu
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Zhiye Xu
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of EndocrinologySchool of Medicine, The Affiliated Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou 310016, China
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YU YANG, MA XIAOYE, YANG TAO, LI BO, XIE KELIANG, LIU DAQUAN, WANG GUOLIN, YU YONGHAO. Protective effect of hydrogen-rich medium against high glucose-induced apoptosis of Schwann cells in vitro. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3986-3992. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Wu Y, Xue B, Li X, Liu H. Puerarin prevents high glucose-induced apoptosis of Schwann cells by inhibiting oxidative stress. Neural Regen Res 2014; 7:2583-91. [PMID: 25368634 PMCID: PMC4200725 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.33.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress may be the unifying factor for the injury caused by hyperglycemia in diabetic peripheral neuropathy. Puerarin is the major isoflavonoid derived from Radix puerariae and has been shown to be effective in increasing superoxide dismutase activity. This study sought to investigate the neuroprotective effect of puerarin on high glucose-induced oxidative stress and Schwann cell apoptosis in vitro. Intracellular reactive oxygen radicals and mitochondrial transmembrane potential were detected by flow cytometry analysis. Apoptosis was confirmed by TUNEL and oxidative stress was monitored using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the DNA marker 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine. The expression levels of bax and bcl-2 were analyzed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR, while protein expression of cleaved caspase-3 and -9 were analyzed by means of western blotting. Results suggested that puerarin treatment inhibited high glucose-induced oxidative stress, mitochondrial depolarization and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, puerarin treatment downregulated Bax expression, upregulated bcl-2 expression and attenuated the activation of caspase-3 and -9. Overall, our results indicated that puerarin antagonized high glucose-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in Schwann cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Wu
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Bing Xue
- Department of Endocrinology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiaojin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853, China
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Liu TS, Pei YH, Peng YP, Chen J, Jiang SS, Gong JB. Oscillating high glucose enhances oxidative stress and apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells. J Endocrinol Invest 2014; 37:645-51. [PMID: 24859911 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-014-0086-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the toxic effect of oscillating high glucose (OHG) versus persistent high glucose (PHG) in inducing oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis in human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) in vitro. METHODS HCAECs were incubated for 72 h continuously in normal glucose (5.5 mmol/L glucose), PHG (25 mmol/L glucose), OHG (5.5 mmol and 25 glucose mmol/L alternating every 6 h) and mannitol, respectively. Cellular viability, concentration of oxidative stress biomarkers (MDA and GSH) in the supernatants of cell culture, and intracellular ROS level were quantitated after exposure to different concentrations of glucose for a total 72 h. Apoptosis of HCAECs cultured with various glucose levels was evaluated by annexin V-FITC and PI staining followed by analysis with flow cytometry. The expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 were measured by RT-qPCR and Western blotting at the end of the experiment. RESULTS HCAECs cultured with PHG showed decreased cellular viability compared to those with normal level of glucose (p < 0.05). The decrease was more pronounced under OHG condition (p < 0.05). Cellular oxidative stress was provoked in HCAECs exposed to PHG with marked increased MDA level, reduced GSH concentration and elevated ROS production (p < 0.05). The stress was further amplified in the setting of OHG (p < 0.05). The cellular apoptosis was enhanced by culturing with PHG, and to a greater extent when incubated with OHG. Both expressions of HO-1 and Nrf2 were suppressed in HCAECs in persistent hyperglycemia condition, while the inhibition was more intense in the fluctuating hyperglycemia condition (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate that OHG could be more detrimental to HCAECs than PHG. This is probably due to the enhancement of oxidative stress and cellular apoptosis induced by frequent glucose swings through the inhibition of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-song Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Jinling Hospital, Nanjing University, School of Medicine, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
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Sun D, Zheng X, Xie X, Yang X, Zhang H. Highly-sensitive Detection of Salvianolic Acid B using Alumina Microfibers-modified Electrode. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2013. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2013.34.11.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Traditional chinese medicine tang-luo-ning ameliorates sciatic nerve injuries in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:989670. [PMID: 24288572 PMCID: PMC3830865 DOI: 10.1155/2013/989670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Accepted: 09/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes associated with high disability rate and low quality of life. Tang-Luo-Ning (TLN) is an effective traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of DPN. To illustrate the underlying neural protection mechanisms of TLN, the effect of TLN on electrophysiology and sciatic nerve morphology was investigated in a model of streptozotocin-induced DPN, as well as the underlying mechanism. Sciatic motor nerve conduction velocity and digital sensory nerve conduction velocity were reduced in DPN and were significantly improved by TLN or α-lipoic acid at 10 and 20 weeks after streptozotocin injection. It was demonstrated that TLN intervention for 20 weeks significantly alleviated pathological injury as well as increased the phosphorylation of ErbB2, Erk, Bad (Ser112), and the mRNA expression of neuregulin 1 (Nrg1), GRB2-associated binding protein 1 (Gab1), and mammalian target of rapamycin (Mtor) in injured sciatic nerve. These novel therapeutic properties of TLN to promote Schwann cell survival may offer a promising alternative medicine for the patients to delay the progression of DPN. The underlying mechanism may be that TLN exerts neural protection effect after sciatic nerve injury through Nrg1/ErbB2→Erk/Bad Schwann cell survival signaling pathway.
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Liu J, Jiang Y, Mao J, Gu B, Liu H, Fang B. High levels of glucose induces a dose-dependent apoptosis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts by activating caspase-3 signaling pathway. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 170:1458-71. [PMID: 23686473 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the main complications of diabetes mellitus and many researches have been done on the relationship between periodontitis and diabetes mellitus, but too much are still unclear, especially the mechanisms by which high glucose induces damage of periodontal ligament fibroblasts. So in this study, we investigated the effects of different concentration of high glucose on apoptosis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts and the possible mechanisms involved. Human periodontal ligament fibroblasts were cultured and subjected to glucose of different concentration (5.5, 15, 25, and 35 mM) for 24 h. Apoptosis was studied by flow cytometry, caspase assays, fluorescent real-time PCR and Western blot. We also determined Fas/FasL expression was by Western blot. The application of different concentration of high glucose induced a concentration-dependent increase of apoptosis and the activity of caspase-3 in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Furthermore, inhibitor of caspase-3 could prevent the high-glucose-induced apoptosis in human periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Protein levels of Fas and FasL remained unchanged. These data indicate that high glucose induces a concentration- and caspase-3-dependent increase of apoptosis in cultured human periodontal ligament fibroblasts in vitro. Activation of caspase-3 caused by high glucose is independent of Fas/FasL signaling pathways system. These results suggest a novel mechanism for the regulation of human periodontal ligament fibroblasts apoptosis by high glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqiang Liu
- Department of Stomatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, No. 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing 100853, People's Republic of China.
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Wang Y, Ma Y, Zheng Y, Song J, Yang X, Bi C, Zhang D, Zhang Q. In vitro and in vivo anticancer activity of a novel puerarin nanosuspension against colon cancer, with high efficacy and low toxicity. Int J Pharm 2012; 441:728-35. [PMID: 23089583 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 09/11/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study aims to evaluate the anticancer activity of puerarin nanosuspensions in human colon cancer HT-29 cell line in vitro and in vivo. Puerarin nanosuspensions were prepared by the high-pressure homogenization (HPH) technique. The HT-29 cells were incubated with increasing concentrations of puerarin solution and nanosuspensions for indicated times. MTT evaluated cellular viability and investigated the effect of puerarin on cell proliferation of HT-29. Annexin V-FITC/PI staining method was conducted to determine the influences of the puerarin nanosuspensions on cell cycle and apoptosis. The in vivo anticancer activity of the puerarin nanosuspensions was observed in HT-29 cancer bearing mice. The puerarin nanosuspensions were well re-dispersed in aqueous media a mean diameter about 400-500 nm. Cytotoxicity assay, observation of morphological changes and early apoptosis revealed that the puerarin nanosuspensions could significantly enhance the in vitro anti-proliferation against HT-29 cells compared to the puerarin free solution. The prepared puerarin nanosuspensions in vivo evaluation showed higher anticancer efficacy and lower toxicity compared to the free solution, as shown by changes in tumor volumes, body weights, and survival rates. Based on these data, the potential of the puerarin nanosuspensions to serve as a cancer chemotherapeutic agent for colon cancer could be suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yancai Wang
- School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Shandong Polytechnic University, Jinan 250353, China.
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Sun LQ, Chen YY, Wang X, Li XJ, Xue B, Qu L, Zhang TT, Mu YM, Lu JM. The protective effect of Alpha lipoic acid on Schwann cells exposed to constant or intermittent high glucose. Biochem Pharmacol 2012; 84:961-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2012] [Revised: 07/02/2012] [Accepted: 07/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Liu XA. Effects of salvianolic acid B on in vitro growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of retinoblastoma cells. Int J Ophthalmol 2012; 5:272-6. [PMID: 22773971 DOI: 10.3980/j.issn.2222-3959.2012.03.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To observe the effects of salvianolic acid B (SalB) on in vitro growth inhibition and apoptosis induction of retinoblastoma HXO-RB44 cells. METHODS The effects of SalB on the HXO-RB44 cells proliferation in vitro were observed by MTT colorimetric method. The morphological changes of apoptosis before and after the treatment of SalB were observed by Hoechst 33258 fluorescent staining method. Apoptosis rate and cell cycle changes of HXO-RB44 cells were detected by flow cytometer at 48 hours after treated by SalB. The expression changes of Caspase-3 protein in HXO-RB44 cells were detected by Western Blot. RESULTS SalB significantly inhibited the growth of HXO-RB44 cells, while the inhibition was in a concentration-and time-dependent manner. The results of fluorescent staining method indicated that HXO-RB44 cells showed significant phenomenon of apoptosis including karyorrhexis, fragmentation and the formation of apoptotic bodies, etc. after 24, 48 and 72 hours co-culturing of SalB and HXO-RB44 cells. The results of flow cytometer showed that the apoptosis rate and the proportion of cells in S phase were gradually increased at 48 hours and 72 hours after treated by different concentrations of SalB. Western Blot strip showed that the expression of Caspase-3 protein in HXO-RB44 cells was gradually increased with the increase of the concentration of SalB. CONCLUSION SalB can significantly affect on HXO-RB44 cells growth inhibition and apoptosis induction which may be achieved through the up-regulation of Caspase-3 expression and the induction of cell cycle arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-An Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, People's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou 450003, Henan Province, China
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