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Ma Z, Liang H, Wang S, Miao W, Yu L, Liu S, Luo Z, Su S, Wang J, Liu S, Li Y, Liang Y, Zhou L. Nardosinone relieves metabolic-associated fatty liver disease and promotes energy metabolism through targeting CYP2D6. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 130:155748. [PMID: 38788398 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nardosinone, a major extract of Rhizoma nardostachyos, plays a vital role in sedation, neural stem cell proliferation, and protection of the heart muscle. However, the huge potential of nardosinone in regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota has not been reported, and its potential mechanism has not been studied. PURPOSE To explore the regulation of nardosinone on liver lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. METHODS In this study, the role of nardosinone in lipid metabolism was investigated in vitro and in vivo by adding it to mouse feed and HepG2 cell culture medium. And 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to explore its regulatory effect on gut microbiota. RESULTS Results showed that nardosinone could improve HFD-induced liver injury and abnormal lipid metabolism by promoting mitochondrial energy metabolism in hepatocytes, alleviating oxidative stress damage, and regulating the composition of the gut microbiota. Mechanistically, combined with network pharmacology and reverse docking analysis, it was predicted that CYP2D6 was the target of nardosinone, and the binding was verified by cellular thermal shift assay (CETSA). CONCLUSIONS This study highlights a novel mechanism function of nardosinone in regulating lipid metabolism and gut microbiota. It also predicts and validates CYP2D6 as a previously unknown regulatory target, which provides new possibilities for the application of nardosinone and the treatment of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqiang Ma
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Huanjie Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Shengnan Wang
- Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Viti-Viniculture, College of Enology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712199, China
| | - Weiwei Miao
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lin Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Siqi Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Zupeng Luo
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Songtao Su
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shi Liu
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Yixing Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yunxiao Liang
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Institute of Digestive Disease, Guangxi Academy of Medical Sciences, the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning 530021, China.
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Benchoula K, Serpell CJ, Mediani A, Albogami A, Misnan NM, Ismail NH, Parhar IS, Ogawa S, Hwa WE. 1H NMR metabolomics insights into comparative diabesity in male and female zebrafish and the antidiabetic activity of DL-limonene. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3823. [PMID: 38360784 PMCID: PMC10869695 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45608-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish have been utilized for many years as a model animal for pharmacological studies on diabetes and obesity. High-fat diet (HFD), streptozotocin and alloxan injection, and glucose immersion have all been used to induce diabetes and obesity in zebrafish. Currently, studies commonly used both male and female zebrafish, which may influence the outcomes since male and female zebrafish are biologically different. This study was designed to investigate the difference between the metabolites of male and female diabetic zebrafish, using limonene - a natural product which has shown several promising results in vitro and in vivo in treating diabetes and obesity-and provide new insights into how endogenous metabolites change following limonene treatment. Using HFD-fed male and female zebrafish, we were able to develop an animal model of T2D and identify several endogenous metabolites that might be used as diagnostic biomarkers for diabetes. The endogenous metabolites in males and females were different, even though both genders had high blood glucose levels and a high BMI. Treatment with limonene prevented high blood glucose levels and improved in diabesity zebrafish by limonene, through reversal of the metabolic changes caused by HFD in both genders. In addition, limonene was able to reverse the elevated expression of AKT during HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Benchoula
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Ahmed Mediani
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdulaziz Albogami
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, 65779-7738, Alaqiq, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norazlan Mohmad Misnan
- Institute for Medical Research Malaysia, No.1, Jalan Setia Murni U13/52, Seksyen U13, Setia Alam, 40170, Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nor Hadiani Ismail
- Atta-ur-Rahman Institute for Natural Products Discovery, UiTM Puncak Alam Campus, 42300, Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ishwar S Parhar
- Monash University (Malaysia) BRIMS, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Satoshi Ogawa
- Monash University (Malaysia) BRIMS, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Bandar Sunway, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wong Eng Hwa
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, 47500, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia.
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3
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Aslan MN, Sukan-Karaçağıl B, Acar-Tek N. Roles of citrus fruits on energy expenditure, body weight management, and metabolic biomarkers: a comprehensive review. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad116. [PMID: 37702528 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrus fruits are widely consumed for their nutritional and health benefits. They belong to the Rutaceae and have many varieties, such as sweet orange (Citrus sinensis), which is the most popular. Citrus fruits are rich in water (>80%), dietary fiber, and vitamins. They also contain bioactive components, which may modulate energy metabolism and lipid oxidation through various mechanisms. These mechanisms include stimulating β3-adrenergic receptors, increasing mitochondrial biogenesis and thermogenesis, activating AMP kinase and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1α pathways, inhibiting lipogenesis and lipid accumulation, and inducing browning of white adipose tissue. This review summarizes the mechanisms and outcomes of citrus fruits and their metabolites on energy metabolism and body weight in different experimental models. The literature was searched for in vitro and in vivo animal and human studies that investigated the effects of citrus consumption on energy expenditure, thermogenesis, adipogenesis, and lipid accumulation. Citrus fruits and their metabolites have shown promising effects on energy metabolism and lipid oxidation in in vitro and in vivo animal studies. However, the evidence from human studies is limited and inconsistent. Possible reasons for the discrepancy are briefly discussed, and knowledge gaps and research needs are identified for future studies. Citrus fruits may have beneficial effects on energy metabolism and body weight, but more rigorous and well-designed human trials are needed to confirm their efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Aslan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Betül Sukan-Karaçağıl
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Institute of Health Sciences, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nilüfer Acar-Tek
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
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4
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Zhang W, Kong L, Zhong Z, Lin L, Li J, Zheng G. Short chain fatty acids increase fat oxidation and promote browning through β3-adrenergic receptor/AMP-activated protein kinase α signaling pathway in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
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Identification of D-Limonene Metabolites by LC-HRMS: An Exploratory Metabolic Switching Approach in a Mouse Model of Diet-Induced Obesity. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12121246. [PMID: 36557284 PMCID: PMC9780935 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12121246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic switching has been raised as an important phenomenon to be studied in relation to xenobiotic metabolites, since the dose of the exposure determines the formation of metabolites and their bioactivity. Limonene is a monoterpene mostly found in citrus fruits with health activity, and its phase II metabolites and activity are still not clear. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of D-limonene in the development of diet-induced obesity in mice and to investigate metabolites that could be generated in a study assessing different doses of supplementation. Animals were induced to obesity and supplemented with 0.1% or 0.8% D-limonene added to the feed. Limonene phase I and II metabolites were identified in liver and urine by LC-ESI-qToF-MS/MS. To the best of our knowledge, in this study three new phase I metabolites and ten different phase II metabolites were first attributed to D-limonene. Supplementation with 0.1% D-limonene was associated with lower weight gain and a trend to lower accumulation of adipose tissue deposits. The metabolites limonene-8,9-diol, perillic acid and perillic acid-8,9-diol should be explored in future research as anti-obesogenic agents as they were the metabolites most abundant in the urine of mice that received 0.1% D-limonene in their feed.
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6
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Bonilla-Carvajal K, Stashenko EE, Moreno-Castellanos N. Essential Oil of Carvone Chemotype Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) Regulates Lipid Mobilization and Adipogenesis in Adipocytes. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2022; 44:5741-5755. [PMID: 36421673 PMCID: PMC9688983 DOI: 10.3390/cimb44110389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by an expansion of adipose tissue due to excessive accumulation of triglycerides in adipocytes, causing hypertrophy and hyperplasia, followed by hypoxia, alterations in adipocyte functionality, and chronic inflammation. However, current treatments require changes in lifestyle that are difficult to achieve and some treatments do not generate sustained weight loss over time. Therefore, we evaluated the effect of the essential oil (EO) of Lippia alba (Verbenaceae) carvone chemotype on viability, lipid mobilization, and adipogenesis of adipocytes in two normal and pathological cellular models in vitro. In 3T3-L1 adipocytes, a normal and a pathological model of obesity were induced, and then the cells were treated with L. alba carvone chemotype EO to evaluate cell viability, lipid mobilization, and adipogenesis. L. alba carvone chemotype EO does not decrease adipocyte viability at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 5 µg/mL; furthermore, there was evidence of changes in lipid mobilization and adipogenesis, leading to a reversal of adipocyte hypertrophy. These results could be due to effects produced by EO on lipogenic and lipolytic pathways, as well as modifications in the expression of adipogenesis genes. L. alba carvone chemotype EO could be considered as a possible treatment for obesity, using the adipocyte as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherin Bonilla-Carvajal
- Department of Basic Sciences, Health Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Elena E. Stashenko
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones para la Agroindustrialización de Especies Vegetales Aromáticas y Medicinales Tropicales/CENIVAM. Chemistry School, Science Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
| | - Natalia Moreno-Castellanos
- Research Group-Centro de Investigación en Ciencia y Tecnología de Alimentos/CICTA, Department of Basic Sciences, Health Faculty, Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga 680002, Colombia
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7
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He Y, Liang Z, Wang J, Tang H, Li J, Cai J, Liao Y. Ceiling culture of human mature white adipocytes with a browning agent: A novel approach to induce transdifferentiation into beige adipocytes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:905194. [PMID: 36046675 PMCID: PMC9420896 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.905194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess and dysfunctional adipose tissue plays an important role in metabolic diseases, including obesity, atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus. In mammals, adipose tissue is categorized into two types: white and brown. Adult brown tissue is mainly composed of beige adipocytes, which dispose of stored energy as heat and have become increasingly popular as a therapeutic target for obesity. However, there is still a paucity of cell models that allow transdifferentiation of mature white adipocytes into beige adipocytes, as seen in vivo. Here, we describe a novel, ceiling culture-based model of human mature white adipocytes, which transdifferentiate into beige adipocytes under the mechanical force and hypoxia of ceiling culture. We also show that the use of rosiglitazone and rapamycin can modulate transdifferentiation, up and down regulating expression of beige adipocyte-specific genes, respectively. Rosiglitazone additionally facilitated the upregulation of fatty acid lipolysis and oxidation genes. Finally, these beige adipocytes derived from dedifferentiated adipocytes exhibited a progenitor-specific phenotype, with higher expression of mature adipocyte-specific genes than adipocyte-derived stem cells. Overall, we report a novel approach to conveniently cultivate beige adipocytes from white adipocytes in vitro, suitable for mechanistic studies of adipose biology and development of cell and drug therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Junrong Cai
- *Correspondence: Junrong Cai, ; Yunjun Liao,
| | - Yunjun Liao
- *Correspondence: Junrong Cai, ; Yunjun Liao,
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8
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Lv W, Tan X, Chen X, Hu T, Jiang J, Li Q, Chen X, Tan H, Qian B. D
‐Limonene for regulating metabolism‐associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and analysis of the TCM constitution: A protocol for an exploratory, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial (DL‐MAFLD‐TCM). FOOD FRONTIERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/fft2.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Lv
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Clinical Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiyang Tan
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiaochen Chen
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Clinical Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Tingting Hu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Clinical Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Jiayuan Jiang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Clinical Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Qiang Li
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Clinical Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Xiao‐yun Chen
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Longhua Hospital Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Hongsheng Tan
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Clinical Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
| | - Biyun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Clinical Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
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9
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Natural bioactive constituents from herbs and nutraceuticals promote browning of white adipose tissue. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106175. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Wiśniewski O, Rajczewski A, Szumigała A, Gibas-Dorna M. Diet-Induced Adipocyte Browning. POL J FOOD NUTR SCI 2021. [DOI: 10.31883/pjfns/143164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Cannabinoid Type-2 Receptor Agonist, JWH133 May Be a Possible Candidate for Targeting Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in COVID-19. IMMUNO 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/immuno1030020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is a deadly disease affecting millions due to the non-availability of drugs and vaccines. The majority of COVID-19 drugs have been repurposed based on antiviral, immunomodulatory, and antibiotic potential. The pathogenesis and advanced complications with infection involve the immune-inflammatory cascade. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy could reduce infectivity, inflammation, and immune modulation. In recent years, modulating the endocannabinoid system, particularly activation of the cannabinoid type 2 (CB2) receptor is a promising therapeutic target for modulation of immune-inflammatory responses. JWH133, a selective, full functional agonist of the CB2 receptor, has been extensively studied for its potent anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and immunomodulatory properties. JWH133 modulates numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. In this study, we propose that JWH133 could be a promising candidate for targeting infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19, due to its pharmacological and molecular mechanisms in numerous preclinical efficacy and safety studies, along with its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, organoprotective, and antiviral properties. Thus, JWH133 should be investigated in preclinical and clinical studies for its potential as an agent or adjuvant with other agents for its effect on viremia, infectivity, immune modulation, resolution of inflammation, reduction in severity, and progression of complications in COVID-19. JWH133 is devoid of psychotropic effects due to CB2 receptor selectivity, has negligible toxicity, good bioavailability and druggable properties, including pharmacokinetic and physicochemical effects. We believe that JWH133 could be a promising drug and may inspire further studies for an evidence-based approach against COVID-19.
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Development, Characterization, and Stability Evaluation of the Anti-Cellulite Emgel Containing Herbal Extracts and Essential Oils. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090842. [PMID: 34577542 PMCID: PMC8467277 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, the herbal compress was successfully developed and applied for cellulite treatment. The aim of this study was to formulate a more convenient dosage form of herbal application from the original formula. In addition, we aimed to characterize and evaluate the stability of the developed dosage form. A gelled emulsion, or an “emgel,” incorporated with 0.1 wt% tea and coffee extracts (1:1 ratio) plus 5 wt% essential oils (mixed oil) was prepared. The caffeine content in the finished product obtained from tea and coffee extracts analyzed by HPLC was 48.1 ± 2.3 µg/g. The bio-active marker monoterpenes of mixed oil characterized by headspace GCMS were camphene 50.8 ± 1.8 µg/mg, camphor 251.0 ± 3.2 µg/mg, 3-carene 46.7 ± 1.8 µg/mg, α-citral 75.0 ± 2.1 µg/mg, β-citral 65.6 ± 1.3 µg/mg, limonene 36.8 ± 6.7 µg/mg, myrcene 53.3 ± 4.5 µg/mg, α-pinene 85.2 ± 0.6 µg/mg, β-pinene 88.4 ± 1.1 µg/mg, and terpinene-4-ol 104.3 ± 2.6 µg/mg. The stability study was carried out over a period of 3 months at 4, 25, and 50 °C. The caffeine content showed no significant changes and passed the acceptance criteria of ≥80% at all tested temperatures. However, monoterpenes showed their stability for only 2 months at 50 °C. Therefore, the shelf-life of the emgel was, consequently, calculated to be 31 months using the Q10 method. Thus, the anti-cellulite emgel was successfully formulated. The characterization methods and stability evaluation for caffeine and monoterpenes in an emgel matrix were also successfully developed and validated.
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13
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The Anti-Obesity Effects of Lemon Fermented Products in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes and in a Rat Model with High-Calorie Diet-Induced Obesity. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082809. [PMID: 34444969 PMCID: PMC8398352 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lemon (Citrus limon) has antioxidant, immunoregulatory, and blood lipid-lowering properties. This study aimed to determine the effect of the lemon fermented product (LFP) which is lemon fermented with Lactobacillus OPC1 to prevent obesity. The inhibition of lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes is examined using a Wistar rat model fed a high-fat diet to verify the anti-obesity efficacy and mechanism of LFP. Here, it was observed that LFP reduced cell proliferation and inhibited the lipid accumulation (8.3%) of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Additionally, LFP reduced body weight (9.7%) and fat tissue weight (25.7%) of rats; reduced serum TG (17.0%), FFA (17.9%), glucose (29.3%) and ketone body (6.8%); and increased serum HDL-C (17.6%) and lipase activity (17.8%). LFP regulated the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism (PPARγ, C/EBPα, SREBP-1c, HSL, ATGL, FAS, and AMPK). Therefore, LFP reduces body weight and lipid accumulation by regulating the mRNA expression of genes related to lipid metabolism. Overall, our results implicate LFP as a potential dietary supplement for the prevention of obesity.
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de Alvarenga JFR, Genaro B, Costa BL, Purgatto E, Manach C, Fiamoncini J. Monoterpenes: current knowledge on food source, metabolism, and health effects. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 63:1352-1389. [PMID: 34387521 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1963945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Monoterpenes, volatile metabolites produced by plants, are involved in the taste and aroma perception of fruits and vegetables and have been used for centuries in gastronomy, as food preservatives and for therapeutic purposes. Biological activities such as antimicrobial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory are well-established for some of these molecules. More recently, the ability of monoterpenes to regulate energy metabolism, and exert antidiabetic, anti-obesity and gut microbiota modulation activities have been described. Despite their promising health effects, the lack of reliable quantification of monoterpenes in food, hindered the investigation of their role as dietary bioactive compounds in epidemiological studies. Moreover, only few studies have documented the biotransformation of these compounds and identified the monoterpene metabolites with biological activity. This review presents up-to-date knowledge about the occurrence of monoterpenes in food, their bioavailability and potential role in the modulation of intermediate metabolism and inflammation, focusing on novel findings of molecular mechanisms, underlining research gaps and new avenues to be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Fernando Rinaldi de Alvarenga
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Brunna Genaro
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna Lamesa Costa
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Purgatto
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Claudine Manach
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UNH, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Jarlei Fiamoncini
- Department of Food and Experimental Nutrition. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Food Research Center (FoRC), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Nagoor Meeran M, Seenipandi A, Javed H, Sharma C, Hashiesh HM, Goyal SN, Jha NK, Ojha S. Can limonene be a possible candidate for evaluation as an agent or adjuvant against infection, immunity, and inflammation in COVID-19? Heliyon 2021; 7:e05703. [PMID: 33490659 PMCID: PMC7810623 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an ongoing pandemic and presents a public health emergency. It has affected millions of people and continues to affect more, despite the tremendous social preventive measures. The therapeutic strategy relies on suppressing infectivity and inflammation, along with immune modulation. The identification of candidate drugs effective for COVID-19 is crucial, thus many natural products including phytochemicals are also being proposed for repurposing and evaluated for their potential in COVID-19. Among numerous phytochemicals, limonene (LMN), a dietary terpene of natural origin has been recently showed to target viral proteins in the in-silico studies. LMN is one of the main compounds identified in many citrus plants, available and accessible in diets and well-studied for its therapeutic benefits. Due to dietary nature, relative safety and efficacy along with favorable physicochemical properties, LMN has been suggested to be a fascinating candidate for further investigation in COVID-19. LMN showed to modulate numerous signaling pathways and inhibits inflammatory mediators, including cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, prostanoids, and eicosanoids. We hypothesized that given the pathogenesis of COVID-19 involving infection, inflammation, and immunity, LMN may have potential to limit the severity and progression of the disease owing to its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. The present article discusses the possibilities of LMN in SARS-CoV-2 infections based on its immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and antiviral properties. Though, the suggestion on the possible use of LMN in COVID-19 remains inconclusive until the in-silico effects confirmed in the experimental studies and further proof of the concept studies. The candidature of LMN in COVID-19 treatment somewhat appear speculative but cannot be overlooked provided favorable physiochemical and druggable properties. The safety and efficacy of LMN are necessary to be established in preclinical and clinical studies before making suggestions for use in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.F. Nagoor Meeran
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - A. Seenipandi
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Charu Sharma
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hebaallah Mamdouh Hashiesh
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sameer N. Goyal
- Shri Vile Parle Kelvani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule 424001, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Knowledge Park III, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh 201310, India
| | - Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, PO Box - 17666, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Bléher M, Meshko B, Cacciapuoti I, Gergondey R, Kovacs Y, Duprez D, L'Honoré A, Havis E. Egr1 loss-of-function promotes beige adipocyte differentiation and activation specifically in inguinal subcutaneous white adipose tissue. Sci Rep 2020; 10:15842. [PMID: 32985557 PMCID: PMC7522992 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72698-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In mice, exercise, cold exposure and fasting lead to the differentiation of inducible-brown adipocytes, called beige adipocytes, within white adipose tissue and have beneficial effects on fat burning and metabolism, through heat production. This browning process is associated with an increased expression of the key thermogenic mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1, Ucp1. Egr1 transcription factor has been described as a regulator of white and beige differentiation programs, and Egr1 depletion is associated with a spontaneous increase of subcutaneous white adipose tissue browning, in absence of external stimulation. Here, we demonstrate that Egr1 mutant mice exhibit a restrained Ucp1 expression specifically increased in subcutaneous fat, resulting in a metabolic shift to a more brown-like, oxidative metabolism, which was not observed in other fat depots. In addition, Egr1 is necessary and sufficient to promote white and alter beige adipocyte differentiation of mouse stem cells. These results suggest that modulation of Egr1 expression could represent a promising therapeutic strategy to increase energy expenditure and to restrain obesity-associated metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Rachel Gergondey
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine-Integrative Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR8256, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Yoann Kovacs
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine-Integrative Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR8256, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Duprez
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine-Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR7622, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Aurore L'Honoré
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine-Integrative Cellular Ageing and Inflammation, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR8256, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Emmanuelle Havis
- Sorbonne Université, 75005, Paris, France.
- Institute of Biology Paris Seine-Developmental Biology Laboratory, Inserm U1156, French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS) UMR7622, 75005, Paris, France.
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17
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Feng T, Zhang Q, Li Q, Zhu T, Lv W, Yu H, Qian B. LUAD transcriptomic profile analysis of d-limonene and potential lncRNA chemopreventive target. Food Funct 2020; 11:7255-7265. [PMID: 32776051 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00809e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
d-Limonene, a type of natural extract obtained from citrus oils, was reported to have anti-cancer effects and be well-tolerated by cancer patients. Despite arousing interest as a cancer chemopreventive substance, the transcriptomic profile of d-limonene in humans is poorly understood. Based on the results of the transcriptomic profiling, a lncRNA named protein disulfide isomerase family A member three pseudogene (PDIA3P1) was found to be regulated by d-limonene. PDIA3P1 is an oncogene verified by three lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) datasets. The knockdown of PDIA3P1 with siRNA decreased the viability, invasion, migration, and proliferation of LUAD cells. Based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) LUAD datasets, PDIA3P1 regulates functions and pathways mainly including lipid metabolism, immunity, and the change of the chromosome structure. This study comprehensively performs the transcriptomic analysis of the d-limonene regulation on LUAD, and reveals that PDIA3P1 may be the mediator in helping d-limonene to prevent and suppress LUAD via lipid metabolism, immunity pathway, and the change in the chromosome structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tienan Feng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital/Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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18
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Lan J, Gisler A, Bruderer T, Sinues P, Zenobi R. Monitoring peppermint washout in the breath metabolome by secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometry. J Breath Res 2020; 15. [PMID: 32575094 DOI: 10.1088/1752-7163/ab9f8a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a secondary electrospray ionization-high resolution mass spectrometer (SESI-HRMS) system was employed to profile the real-time exhaled metabolome of ten subjects who had ingested a peppermint oil capsule. In total, six time points were sampled during the experiment. Using an untargeted way of profiling breath metabolome, 2333 m/z unique metabolite features were determined in positive mode, and 1322 in negative mode. To benchmark the performance of the SESI-HRMS setup, several additional checks were done, including determination of the technical variation, the biological variation of one subject within three days, the variation within a time point, and the variation across all samples, taking all m/z features into account. Reproducibility was good, with the median technical variation being 18% and the median variation within biological replicates being 34%. Both variations were lower than the variation across individuals. Washout profiles of compounds from the peppermint oil, including menthone, limonene, pulegone, menthol and menthofuran were determined in all subjects. Metabolites of the peppermint oil were also determined in breath, for example, cis/trans-carveol, perillic acid and menthol glucuronide. Butyric acid was found to be the major metabolite that reduce the uptake rate of limonene. Pathways related to limonene metabolism were examined, and meaningful pathways were identified from breath metabolomics data acquired by SESI using an untargeted analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Lan
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
| | - Amanda Gisler
- University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, BS, SWITZERLAND
| | - Tobias Bruderer
- Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule Zurich Departement Chemie und Angewandte Biowissenschaften, Zurich, ZH, SWITZERLAND
| | - Pablo Sinues
- University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, BS, SWITZERLAND
| | - Renato Zenobi
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, ETH Zürich, HCI E 325, CH - 8093, Zurich, Zurich, 8092, SWITZERLAND
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Wang J, Zhang L, Dong L, Hu X, Feng F, Chen F. 6-Gingerol, a Functional Polyphenol of Ginger, Promotes Browning through an AMPK-Dependent Pathway in 3T3-L1 Adipocytes. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:14056-14065. [PMID: 31789021 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of the present study was to investigate the browning effect of 6-gingerol (6G), one of the main functional compounds in the ethyl acetate extract of ginger (ginger ethyl acetate fraction, GEF), and its underlying mechanisms. In this study, we first discovered that GEF stimulated brown adipocyte differentiation by upregulating the expression levels of browning-specific transcription makers (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α), thereby reducing lipogenesis transcriptional regulator (C/EBPα) expression in 3T3-L1-differentiated adipocytes. Then, 6G (47.81 ± 0.62 mg/g) was identified as one of the main functional compounds in GEF using high-performance liquid chromatography. 6G promoted adipocyte browning, as evidenced by an increase in some brown/beige fat-specific genes (PGC-1α, Cidea, Prdm16, Cited1, SIRT1, Tmem26, and Ucp1) and proteins (UCP1, CEBP/β, PGC-1α, and PRDM16) expression levels. Moreover, 6G greatly improved mitochondrial respiration and energy metabolism by upregulating the expression levels of some mitochondrial biogenesis markers (Tfam, Nrf1, SIRT1, and p-AMPK/AMPK) and increasing the uncoupled oxygen consumption rate of protons leaked in 3T3-L1 cells. Comparison of the experimental results obtained with an inhibitor (dorsomorphin) and an activator (5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide) suggested that the 6G-associated regulation of the energy metabolism effect was mediated partly through the AMPK signaling pathway. This study provides new insight into the promotion of fat browning and regulation of lipid metabolism by 6G and suggests that 6G likely has potential therapeutic effects on obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
- Ningbo Research Institute , Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100 , China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Lu Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Li Dong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Xiaosong Hu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
| | - Fengqin Feng
- Ningbo Research Institute , Zhejiang University , Ningbo 315100 , China
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou 310029 , China
| | - Fang Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering , China Agricultural University , Beijing 100083 , China
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20
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Kwon M, Lee B, Lim SJ, Choi JS, Kim HR. Sargahydroquinoic acid, a major compound in Sargassum serratifolium (C. Agardh) C. Agardh, widely activates lipid catabolic pathways, contributing to the formation of beige-like adipocytes. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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21
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Berberine Promotes Beige Adipogenic Signatures of 3T3-L1 Cells by Regulating Post-transcriptional Events. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060632. [PMID: 31234575 PMCID: PMC6627823 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Induced brown adipocytes (also referred to as beige cells) execute thermogenesis, as do the classical adipocytes by consuming stored lipids, being related to metabolic homeostasis. Treatment of phytochemicals, including berberine (BBR), was reported to induce conversion from white adipocytes to beige cells. In this study, results of microRNA (miRNA)-seq analyses revealed a decrease in miR-92a, of which the transcription is driven by the c13orf25 promoter in BBR-treated 3T3-L1 cells. BBR treatment manipulated the expressions of SP1 and MYC, in turn, reducing the activity of the c13orf25 promoter. A decrease in miR-92a led to an increase in RNA-binding motif protein 4a (RBM4a) expression, which facilitated the beige adipogenesis. Overexpression of miR-92a or depletion of RBM4a reversely interfered with the impact of BBR treatment on the beige adipogenic signatures, gene expressions, and splicing events in 3T3-L1 cells. Our findings demonstrated that BBR treatment enhanced beige adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells through transcription-coupled post-transcriptional regulation.
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22
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Li D, Wu H, Dou H. Weight loss effect of sweet orange essential oil microcapsules on obese SD rats induced by high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2019; 83:923-932. [DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2019.1578640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the most common and major health concerns worldwide. Weight management through dietary supplements with natural plant extracts has become the focus of current research. Sweet orange essential oil (SOEO) is a natural plant extract, with many bioactivities. In order to evaluate the weight loss effect of SOEO microcapsules and investigate the underlying mechanism, we fed high-fat diet-induced obese SD rats with SOEO microcapsules for 15 days and found that SOEO microcapsules reduced body weight gain by 41.4%, decreased total cholesterol level, alleviated liver and adipose tissue pathological alteration. The results of fluorescence quantitative PCR revealed that decreasing the expression of peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ, upregulating of uncoupling protein 2, hormone sensitive lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I, inhibiting the expression of acetyl-CoA carboxylase appear to be the mechanism of SOEO microcapsules to lose weight. This study suggests that SOEO microcapsule is a potential dietary supplement for weight loss.
Abbreviations: SOEO: sweet orange essential oil; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PPARα: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-α; PPARγ: peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-γ; UCP2: uncoupling protein 2; HSL: hormone sensitive lipase; CPT1: carnitine palmitoyltransferase I; ACC: acetyl-CoA carboxylase; NPY: neuropeptide Y; LEP: leptin; INS: insulin; ALT: alanine aminotransferase; AST: aspartate aminotransferase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahu Li
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Houjiu Wu
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Huating Dou
- Citrus Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Citrus Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing, China
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23
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Mitochondrial F-ATP Synthase and Its Transition into an Energy-Dissipating Molecular Machine. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:8743257. [PMID: 31178976 PMCID: PMC6501240 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8743257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial F-ATP synthase is the principal energy-conserving nanomotor of cells that harnesses the proton motive force generated by the respiratory chain to make ATP from ADP and phosphate in a process known as oxidative phosphorylation. In the energy-converting membranes, F-ATP synthase is a multisubunit complex organized into a membrane-extrinsic F1 sector and a membrane-intrinsic FO domain, linked by central and peripheral stalks. Due to its essential role in the cellular metabolism, malfunction of F-ATP synthase has been associated with a variety of pathological conditions, and the enzyme is now considered as a promising drug target for multiple disease conditions and for the regulation of energy metabolism. We discuss structural and functional features of mitochondrial F-ATP synthase as well as several conditions that partially or fully inhibit the coupling between the F1 catalytic activities and the FO proton translocation, thus decreasing the cellular metabolic efficiency and transforming the enzyme into an energy-dissipating structure through molecular mechanisms that still remain to be defined.
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24
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Trans-Cinnamic Acid Stimulates White Fat Browning and Activates Brown Adipocytes. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11030577. [PMID: 30857158 PMCID: PMC6470544 DOI: 10.3390/nu11030577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, pharmacological activation of brown fat and induction of white fat browning (beiging) have been considered promising strategies to treat obesity. To search for natural products that could stimulate the process of browning in adipocytes, we evaluated the activity of trans-cinnamic acid (tCA), a class of cinnamon from the bark of Cinnamomum cassia, by determining genetic expression using real time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and protein expression by immunoblot analysis for thermogenic and fat metabolizing markers. In our study tCA induced brown like-phenotype in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes and activated HIB1B brown adipocytes. tCA increased protein content of brown-fat-specific markers (UCP1, PRDM16, and PGC-1α) and expression levels of beige-fat-specific genes (Cd137, Cidea, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmen26) in 3T3-L1 white adipocytes, as well as brown-fat-specific genes (Lhx8, Ppargc1, Prdm16, Ucp1, and Zic1) in HIB1B brown adipocytes. Furthermore, tCA reduced expression of key adipogenic transcription factors C/EBPα and PPARγ in white adipocytes, but enhanced their expressions in brown adipocytes. In addition, tCA upregulates lipid catabolism. Moreover, mechanistic study revealed that tCA induced browning in white adipocytes by activating the β3-AR and AMPK signaling pathways. tCA can induce browning, increase fat oxidation, reduce adipogenesis and lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and activate HIB1B adipocytes, suggesting its potential to treat obesity.
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R-Limonene Enhances Differentiation and 2-Deoxy-D-Glucose Uptake in 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Activating the Akt Signaling Pathway. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:4573254. [PMID: 30250490 PMCID: PMC6140011 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4573254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adipocyte is an important place for lipid storage. Defects in lipid storage in adipocytes can lead to lipodystrophy and lipid accumulation in muscle, liver, and other organs. It is the condition of mixed dyslipidemia which may favor the development of insulin resistance via lipotoxic mechanisms. Our objective of the study was to investigate the potential role of R-limonene (LM) on differentiation, lipid storage, and 2-deoxy-D-glucose (2DG) uptake in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Genes and proteins associated with differentiation, lipid accumulation, 2DG uptake and its signaling pathways in the adipocytes were analyzed using qPCR and western blot methods. LM treatment increased differentiation, lipid accumulation, and the expression of adipogenic and lipogenic markers such as C/EBP-α, C/EBP-β, PPARγ, SREBP-1, RXR, FAS, and adiponectin. However, the LM concentration at 10μM decreased (p < 0.05) adipogenesis and lipogenesis via regulating key transcriptional factors. LM treatment increased activation of Akt by increasing its phosphorylation, but p44/42 activation was not altered. MK-2206, an Akt specific inhibitor, reduced the activation of Akt phosphorylation whereas LM treatment aborted the MK-2206 mediated inhibition of Akt activation. LM enhanced glucose uptake in differentiated adipocytes. Overall data suggested that LM treatment favored lipid storage and glucose uptake in adipocytes via activation of key transcriptional factors through activation of Akt phosphorylation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
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Unno Y, Yamamoto H, Takatsuki S, Sato Y, Kuranaga T, Yazawa K, Ono Y, Wakimoto T. Palmitoyl lactic acid induces adipogenesis and a brown fat-like phenotype in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:772-782. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Kang NH, Mukherjee S, Min T, Kang SC, Yun JW. Trans-anethole ameliorates obesity via induction of browning in white adipocytes and activation of brown adipocytes. Biochimie 2018; 151:1-13. [PMID: 29803631 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
To treat obesity, suppression of white adipose tissue (WAT) expansion and activation of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are considered as potential therapeutic targets. Recent advances have been made in the induction of brown fat-like adipocytes (beige) in WAT, which represents an attractive potential strategy for the management and treatment of obesity. Use of natural compounds for browning of white adipocytes can be considered as a safe and novel strategy against obesity. Here, we report that trans-anethole (TA), a flavoring substance present in the essential oils of various plants, alleviated high fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity in mice models via elevation of the expression of beige-specific genes such as Ppargc1α, Prdm16, Ucp1, Cd137, Cited1, Tbx1, and Tmem26. TA also regulated lipid metabolism in white adipocytes via reduction of adipogenesis and lipogenesis as well as elevation of lipolysis and fat oxidation. Moreover, TA exhibited thermogenic activity by increasing mitochondrial biogenesis in white adipocytes and activating brown adipocytes. In addition, molecular docking analysis enabled us to successfully predict core proteins for fat browning such as β3-adrenergic receptor (β3-AR) and sirtuin1 (SIRT1) based on their low binding energy interactions with TA for promotion of regulatory mechanisms. Indeed, agonistic and antagonistic studies demonstrated that TA induced browning of 3T3-L1 adipocytes through activation of β3-AR as well as the AMPK-mediated SIRT1 pathway regulating PPARα and PGC-1α. In conclusion, TA possesses potential therapeutic implications for treatment of obesity by playing multiple modulatory roles in the induction of white fat browning, activation of brown adipocytes, and promotion of lipid catabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Hyeon Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Sulagna Mukherjee
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Taesun Min
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Major of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Chul Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, Daegu University, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38453, Republic of Korea.
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Xiao XH, Qi XY, Wang YD, Ran L, Yang J, Zhang HL, Xu CX, Wen GB, Liu JH. Zinc alpha2 glycoprotein promotes browning in adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2018; 496:287-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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29
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Tapia P, Fernández-Galilea M, Robledo F, Mardones P, Galgani JE, Cortés VA. Biology and pathological implications of brown adipose tissue: promises and caveats for the control of obesity and its associated complications. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:1145-1164. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Tapia
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - Marta Fernández-Galilea
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - Fermín Robledo
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - Pablo Mardones
- Research and Innovation Office, School of Engineering; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - José E. Galgani
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
- Departamento Ciencias de la Salud; Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
| | - Víctor A. Cortés
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, School of Medicine; Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Marcoleta 367; Santiago, 8330024 Chile
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Babukumar S, Vinothkumar V, Sankaranarayanan C, Srinivasan S. Geraniol, a natural monoterpene, ameliorates hyperglycemia by attenuating the key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:1442-1449. [PMID: 28330423 PMCID: PMC6130491 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2017.1301494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Geraniol, an acyclic monoterpene alcohol is found in medicinal plants, is used traditionally for several medical purposes including diabetes. OBJECTIVES The present study evaluates the antihyperglycemic potential of geraniol on key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Diabetes was induced in experimental rats, by a single intraperitoneal (i.p) injection of STZ [40 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)]. Different doses of geraniol (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w.) and glyclazide (5 mg/kg b.w.) were administrated orally to diabetic rats for 45 days. Body weight, food intake, plasma glucose, insulin, blood haemoglobin (Hb), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), hepatic glucose metabolic enzymes and glycogen were examined. RESULTS The LD50 value of geraniol is 3600 mg/kg b.w. at oral administration in rats. Administration of geraniol in a dose-dependent manner (100, 200, 400 mg/kg b.w.) and glyclazide (5 mg/kg b.w.) for 45 days significantly improved the levels of insulin, Hb and decreased plasma glucose, HbA1C in diabetic-treated rats. Geraniol at its effective dose (200 mg/kg b.w.) ameliorated the altered activities of carbohydrate metabolic enzymes near normal effects compared with two other doses (100 and 400 mg/kg b.w.). Geraniol treatment to diabetic rats improved hepatic glycogen content suggesting its anti-hyperglycemic potential. Geraniol supplement was found to preserve the normal histological appearance of hepatic cells and pancreatic β-cells in diabetic rats. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS The present findings suggest that geraniol can potentially ameliorate key enzymes of glucose metabolism in experimental diabetes even though clinical studies used to evaluate this possibility are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukumar Babukumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
| | - Veerasamy Vinothkumar
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
- CONTACT Veerasamy VinothkumarDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar608002, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Subramani Srinivasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar, India
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Mulberry anthocyanins, cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside, increase the quantity of mitochondria during brown adipogenesis. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Russo EB, Marcu J. Cannabis Pharmacology: The Usual Suspects and a Few Promising Leads. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 80:67-134. [PMID: 28826544 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The golden age of cannabis pharmacology began in the 1960s as Raphael Mechoulam and his colleagues in Israel isolated and synthesized cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, and other phytocannabinoids. Initially, THC garnered most research interest with sporadic attention to cannabidiol, which has only rekindled in the last 15 years through a demonstration of its remarkably versatile pharmacology and synergy with THC. Gradually a cognizance of the potential of other phytocannabinoids has developed. Contemporaneous assessment of cannabis pharmacology must be even far more inclusive. Medical and recreational consumers alike have long believed in unique attributes of certain cannabis chemovars despite their similarity in cannabinoid profiles. This has focused additional research on the pharmacological contributions of mono- and sesquiterpenoids to the effects of cannabis flower preparations. Investigation reveals these aromatic compounds to contribute modulatory and therapeutic roles in the cannabis entourage far beyond expectations considering their modest concentrations in the plant. Synergistic relationships of the terpenoids to cannabinoids will be highlighted and include many complementary roles to boost therapeutic efficacy in treatment of pain, psychiatric disorders, cancer, and numerous other areas. Additional parts of the cannabis plant provide a wide and distinct variety of other compounds of pharmacological interest, including the triterpenoid friedelin from the roots, canniprene from the fan leaves, cannabisin from seed coats, and cannflavin A from seed sprouts. This chapter will explore the unique attributes of these agents and demonstrate how cannabis may yet fulfil its potential as Mechoulam's professed "pharmacological treasure trove."
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jahan Marcu
- Americans for Safe Access, Patient Focused Certification, Washington, DC, United States
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Lee SG, Parks JS, Kang HW. Quercetin, a functional compound of onion peel, remodels white adipocytes to brown-like adipocytes. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:62-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Han X, Parker TL. Essential oils diversely modulate genome-wide gene expression in human dermal fibroblasts. COGENT MEDICINE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/2331205x.2017.1307591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuesheng Han
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
| | - Tory L. Parker
- dōTERRA International, LLC, 389 South 1300 West, Pleasant Grove, UT 84062, USA
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Bonet ML, Mercader J, Palou A. A nutritional perspective on UCP1-dependent thermogenesis. Biochimie 2017; 134:99-117. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2016.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Lai CS, Wu JC, Ho CT, Pan MH. Chemoprevention of obesity by dietary natural compounds targeting mitochondrial regulation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ching-Shu Lai
- Department of Seafood Science; National Kaohsiung Marine University; Kaohsiung Taiwan
| | - Jia-Ching Wu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science; Rutgers University; New Brunswick NJ USA
| | - Min-Hsiung Pan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology; National Taiwan University; Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital; China Medical University; Taichung Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology; Asia University; Taichung Taiwan
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