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Sharma V, Sharma P, Singh TG. Mechanistic insights on TLR-4 mediated inflammatory pathway in neurodegenerative diseases. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:679-692. [PMID: 38918327 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 06/11/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) pose a significant issue in healthcare, needing a thorough knowledge of their complex molecular mechanisms. A diverse set of cell signaling mediators and their interactions play critical roles in neuroinflammation. The release of pro-inflammatory mediators in response to neural dysfunction is detrimental to normal cell survival. Moreover, the important role of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) in the central nervous system through Toll-like receptor (TLR) activation has been well established. Therefore, through a comprehensive review of current research and experimentation, this investigation elucidates the interactions between novel pharmacological agents (TLR-4/NF-κB inhibitors) and neurodegeneration encompassing Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. Insights garnered from this exploration underscore the potential of TLR-4 as a therapeutic target. Through the revelation of these insights, our aim is to establish a foundation for the development of enhanced and focused therapeutic approaches in the continuous endeavor to combat neurodegeneration. This review thus serves as a roadmap, guiding future research endeavors toward innovative strategies for combatting the complex interplay between TLR-4 signaling and NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerta Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Prateek Sharma
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
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Mahmoudian M, Lorigooini Z, Rahimi-Madiseh M, Shabani S, Amini-Khoei H. Protective effects of rosmarinic acid against autistic-like behaviors in a mouse model of maternal separation stress: behavioral and molecular amendments. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03143-2. [PMID: 38730077 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03143-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with worldwide increasing incidence. Maternal separation (MS) stress at the beginning of life with its own neuroendocrine changes can provide the basis for development of ASD. Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a phenolic compound with a protective effect in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of RA on autistic-like behaviors in maternally separated mice focusing on its possible effects on neuroimmune response and nitrite levels in the hippocampus. In this study, 40 mice were randomly divided into five groups of control (received normal saline (1 ml/kg)) and MS that were treated with normal saline (1 ml/kg) or doses of 1, 2, and 4 mg/kg RA, respectively, for 14 days. Three-chamber sociability, shuttle box, and marble burying tests were used to investigate autistic-like behaviors. Nitrite level and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, IL-1β, TLR4, and iNOS were assessed in the hippocampus. The results showed that RA significantly increased the social preference and social novelty indexes, as well as attenuated impaired passive avoidance memory and the occurrence of repetitive and obsessive behaviors in the MS mice. RA reduced the nitrite level and gene expression of inflammatory cytokines in the hippocampus. RA, probably via attenuation of the nitrite level as well as of the neuroimmune response in the hippocampus, mitigated autistic-like behaviors in maternally separated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Mahmoudian
- Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Lorigooini
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahimi-Madiseh
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Sahreh Shabani
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Hossein Amini-Khoei
- Medical Plants Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
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Wang TB, He Y, Li RC, Yu YX, Liu Y, Qi ZQ. Rosmarinic acid mitigates acrylamide induced neurotoxicity via suppressing endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in mouse hippocampus. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 126:155448. [PMID: 38394736 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acrylamide (ACR) is a widely used compound that is known to be neurotoxic to both experimental animals and humans, causing nerve damage. The widespread presence of ACR in the environment and food means that the toxic risk to human health can no longer be ignored. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the perilla plant, exhibits anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and other properties. It has also been demon strated to possess promising potential in neuroprotection. However, its role and potential mechanism in treating ACR induced neurotoxicity are still elusive. PURPOSE This study explores whether RA can improve ACR induced neurotoxicity and its possible mechanism. METHODS The behavioral method was used to study RA effect on ACR exposed mice's neurological function. We studied its potential mechanism through metabolomics, Nissl staining, HE staining, immunohistochemical analysis, and Western blot. RESULTS RA pretreatment reversed the increase in mouse landing foot splay and decrease in spontaneous activity caused by 3 weeks of exposure to 50 mg/kg/d ACR. Further experiments demonstrated that RA could prevent ACR induced neuronal apoptosis, significantly downregulate nuclear factor-κB and tumor necrosis factor-α expression, and inhibit NOD-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome activation, thereby reducing inflammation as confirmed by metabolomics results. Additionally, RA treatment prevented endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) caused by ACR exposure, as evidenced by the reversal of significant P-IRE1α,TRAF2,CHOP expression increase. CONCLUSION RA alleviates ACR induced neurotoxicity by inhibiting ERS and inflammation. These results provide a deeper understanding of the mechanism of ACR induced neurotoxicity and propose a potential new treatment method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Bao Wang
- Guangxi University Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Ying He
- Guangxi University Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Rui-Cheng Li
- Guangxi University Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yu-Xi Yu
- Guangxi University Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Guangxi University Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
| | - Zhong-Quan Qi
- Guangxi University Medical College, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.
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Ahmed S, Ahmed KS, Rahman MN, Hossain H, Han A, Geng P, Daula AFMSU, Mamun AA. Polyphenols and extracts from Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe leaf mitigate pain, inflammation and pyrexia by inhibiting cyclooxygenase-2: an in vivo and in silico studies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1344123. [PMID: 38420193 PMCID: PMC10900100 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1344123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe, a perennial herb from the Zingiberaceae family, has a long history of traditional use in the treatment of several ailments including pain, inflammation, fever, cough, arthritis, skin diseases, and liver infections. This study sought to confirm the efficacy of Zingiber roseum (Roxb.) Roscoe leaves methanol extract (ZrlME) as reported in traditional usage by evaluating its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic capabilities. In addition, in silico molecular docking of the metabolites identified in ZrlME was studied to verify the experimental outcomes. ZrlME demonstrated strong dose-dependent analgesic efficacy against all analgesic tests. ZrlME (400 mg/kg) showed higher anti-inflammatory activity than the standard in the carrageenan-induced paw edema test model. A significant reduction of rectal temperature (3.97°F↓) was also recorded at the same dose of ZrLME after 24 h of treatment. Seven polyphenolic metabolites were identified and quantified by HPLC-DAD analysis, including 3, 4- dihydroxy benzoic acid, (-) epicatechin, rutin hydrate, p-coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid, rosmarinic acid, and myricetin. Strong binding affinities (ranges from -5.8 to -8.5 Kcal/mol) between the aforesaid polyphenols and cyclooxygenase-2 were discovered. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations (MDS) demonstrated that these polyphenols exhibit significant COX-2 inhibitory activity due to their high stability in the COX-2 active site. In computational prediction, the polyphenols were also found to be nontoxic, and a variety of biological activities, such as antioxidant, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and hepatoprotective, were observed. The results of this study revealed that ZrlME possesses notable analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shakhawat Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Bangladesh
| | - Khondoker Shahin Ahmed
- Chemical Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Naiemur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Bangladesh
| | - Hemayet Hossain
- Chemical Research Division, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (BCSIR), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Aixia Han
- Central Laboratory of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peiwu Geng
- Central Laboratory of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
| | - A F M Shahid Ud Daula
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Bangladesh
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Central Laboratory of The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Lishui People's Hospital, Lishui, Zhejiang, China
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Liu DY, Wu Y, Feng ZQ, Yu Y, Cai HW, Liao SP, Zeng T, Zhu L, Wang X, Wan LH. Rosmarinic acid against cognitive impairment via RACK1/HIF-1α regulated microglial polarization in sepsis-surviving mice. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 388:110830. [PMID: 38103880 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Microglial polarization modulation has been considered the potential therapeutic strategy for relieving cognitive impairment in sepsis survivors. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a water-soluble polyphenolic natural compound, processes a strong protective effect on various types of neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease, depression, and anxiety. However, its role and potential molecular mechanisms in sepsis-associated cognitive impairment remain unclear. To investigate the preventive and therapeutic effect of RA on sepsis-associated cognitive impairment and elucidate the potential mechanism of RA on regulating microglial polarization, we established a CLP-induced cognitive impairment model in mice and a lipopolysaccharide-induced microglia polarization cell model in BV-2. RACK1 siRNA was designed to identify the potential molecular mechanism of RACK1 on microglial polarization. The preventive and therapeutic effect of RA on cognitive impairment followed by PET-CT and behavioral tests including open-field test and tail suspension test. RACK1/HIF-1α pathway and microglial morphology in the hippocampus or BV-2 cells were measured. The results showed that RA significantly ameliorated the CLP-induced depressive and anxiety-like behaviors and promoted whole-brain glucose uptake in mice. Moreover, RA markedly improved CLP-induced hippocampal neuron loss and microglial activation by inhibiting microglial M1 polarization. Furthermore, experiments showed RACK1 was involved in the regulation of LPS-induced microglial M1 polarization via HIF-1α, and RA suppressed lipopolysaccharide or sepsis-associated microglial M1 polarization via RACK1/HIF-1α pathway (rescued the decrease of RACK1 and increase of HIF-1α). Taken together, RA could be a potential preventive and therapeutic medication in improving cognitive impairment through RACK1/HIF-1α pathway-regulated microglial polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Yang Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Yao Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Zi-Qi Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Top-notch Undergraduate Training Program 2.0, Grade 2019, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, PR China
| | - Yang Yu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Hua-Wei Cai
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Laboratory of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Shi-Ping Liao
- Functional Laboratory, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Tao Zeng
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China
| | - Xia Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
| | - Li-Hong Wan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Chronobiology (Sichuan University), West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China; Department of Pharmacology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, PR China.
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Goyal A, Agrawal A, Dubey N, Verma A. High Mobility Group Box 1 Protein: A Plausible Therapeutic Molecular Target in Parkinson's Disease. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2024; 25:937-943. [PMID: 37670710 DOI: 10.2174/1389201025666230905092218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a widespread neurodegenerative disorder that exerts a broad variety of detrimental effects on people's health. Accumulating evidence suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction, neuroinflammation, α-synuclein aggregation and autophagy dysfunction may all play a role in the development of PD. However, the molecular mechanisms behind these pathophysiological processes remain unknown. Currently, research in PD has focussed on high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), and different laboratory approaches have shown promising outcomes to some level for blocking HMGB1. Given that HMGB1 regulates mitochondrial dysfunction, participates in neuroinflammation, and modulates autophagy and apoptosis, it is hypothesised that HMGB1 has significance in the onset of PD. In the current review, research targeting multiple roles of HMGB1 in PD pathology was integrated, and the issues that need future attention for targeted therapeutic approaches are mentioned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahsas Goyal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anant Agrawal
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Nandini Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Aanchal Verma
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Kumari N, Anand S, Shah K, Chauhan NS, Sethiya NK, Singhal M. Emerging Role of Plant-Based Bioactive Compounds as Therapeutics in Parkinson's Disease. Molecules 2023; 28:7588. [PMID: 38005310 PMCID: PMC10673433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28227588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurological ailments, including stroke, Alzheimer's disease (AD), epilepsy, Parkinson's disease (PD), and other related diseases, have affected around 1 billion people globally to date. PD stands second among the common neurodegenerative diseases caused as a result of dopaminergic neuron loss in the midbrain's substantia nigra regions. It affects cognitive and motor activities, resulting in tremors during rest, slow movement, and muscle stiffness. There are various traditional approaches for the management of PD, but they provide only symptomatic relief. Thus, a survey for finding new biomolecules or substances exhibiting the therapeutic potential to patients with PD is the main focus of present-day research. Medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and natural bioactive molecules have been gaining much more attention in recent years as synthetic molecules orchestrate a number of undesired effects. Several in vitro, in vivo, and in silico studies in the recent past have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant-based bioactives. Among the plant-based bioactives, polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids are of particular interest due to their potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and brain-health-promoting properties. Further, there are no concise, elaborated articles comprising updated mechanism-of-action-based reviews of the published literature on potent, recently investigated (2019-2023) medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and plant based-bioactive molecules, including polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids, as a method for the management of PD. Therefore, we designed the current review to provide an illustration of the efficacious role of various medicinal plants, herbal formulations, and bioactives (polyphenols, terpenes, and alkaloids) that can become potential therapeutics against PD with greater specificity, target approachability, bioavailability, and safety to the host. This information can be further utilized in the future to develop several value-added formulations and nutraceutical products to achieve the desired safety and efficacy for the management of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitu Kumari
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Santosh Anand
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bengaluru 560064, Karnataka, India;
| | - Kamal Shah
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura 281406, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | | | - Neeraj K. Sethiya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
| | - Manmohan Singhal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical and Populations Health Informatics, DIT University, Dehradun 248009, Uttarakhand, India;
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8
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Gao C, Jiang J, Tan Y, Chen S. Microglia in neurodegenerative diseases: mechanism and potential therapeutic targets. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:359. [PMID: 37735487 PMCID: PMC10514343 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01588-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia activation is observed in various neurodegenerative diseases. Recent advances in single-cell technologies have revealed that these reactive microglia were with high spatial and temporal heterogeneity. Some identified microglia in specific states correlate with pathological hallmarks and are associated with specific functions. Microglia both exert protective function by phagocytosing and clearing pathological protein aggregates and play detrimental roles due to excessive uptake of protein aggregates, which would lead to microglial phagocytic ability impairment, neuroinflammation, and eventually neurodegeneration. In addition, peripheral immune cells infiltration shapes microglia into a pro-inflammatory phenotype and accelerates disease progression. Microglia also act as a mobile vehicle to propagate protein aggregates. Extracellular vesicles released from microglia and autophagy impairment in microglia all contribute to pathological progression and neurodegeneration. Thus, enhancing microglial phagocytosis, reducing microglial-mediated neuroinflammation, inhibiting microglial exosome synthesis and secretion, and promoting microglial conversion into a protective phenotype are considered to be promising strategies for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we comprehensively review the biology of microglia and the roles of microglia in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, frontotemporal dementia, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, dementia with Lewy bodies and Huntington's disease. We also summarize the possible microglia-targeted interventions and treatments against neurodegenerative diseases with preclinical and clinical evidence in cell experiments, animal studies, and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Gao
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuyan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shengdi Chen
- Department of Neurology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
- Lab for Translational Research of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies (SIAIS), Shanghai Tech University, 201210, Shanghai, China.
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Holloway KN, Douglas JC, Rafferty TM, Kane CJM, Drew PD. Ethanol Induces Neuroinflammation in a Chronic Plus Binge Mouse Model of Alcohol Use Disorder via TLR4 and MyD88-Dependent Signaling. Cells 2023; 12:2109. [PMID: 37626919 PMCID: PMC10453365 DOI: 10.3390/cells12162109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethanol induces neuroinflammation, which is believed to contribute to the pathogenesis of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a group of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed on both immune cells, including microglia and astrocytes, and non-immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS). Studies have shown that alcohol activates TLR4 signaling, resulting in the induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in the CNS. However, the effect of alcohol on signaling pathways downstream of TLR4, such as MyD88 and TRIF (TICAM) signaling, has not been evaluated extensively. In the current study, we treated male wild-type, TLR4-, MyD88-, and TRIF-deficient mice using a chronic plus binge mouse model of AUD. Evaluation of mRNA expression by qRT-PCR revealed that ethanol increased IL-1β, TNF-α, CCL2, COX2, FosB, and JunB in the cerebellum in wild-type and TRIF-deficient mice, while ethanol generally did not increase the expression of these molecules in TLR4- and MyD88-deficient mice. Furthermore, IRF3, IRF7, and IFN-β1, which are associated with the TRIF-dependent signaling cascade, were largely unaffected by alcohol. Collectively, these results suggest that the TLR4 and downstream MyD88-dependent signaling pathways are essential in ethanol-induced neuroinflammation in this mouse model of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalee N. Holloway
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - James C. Douglas
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Tonya M. Rafferty
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Cynthia J. M. Kane
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
| | - Paul D. Drew
- Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR 72205, USA
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Meheronnisha SK, Thekkekkara D, Babu A, Tausif YM, Manjula SN. Novel therapeutic targets to halt the progression of Parkinson's disease: an in-depth review on molecular signalling cascades. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:218. [PMID: 37265542 PMCID: PMC10229523 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has focused mostly on understanding and combating the neurodegenerative mechanisms and symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, developing novel therapeutic targets to halt the progression of PD remains a key focus for researchers. As yet, no agents have been found to have unambiguous evidence of disease-modifying actions in PD. The primary objective of this review is to summarize the promising targets that have recently been uncovered which include histamine 4 receptors, beta2 adrenergic receptor, phosphodiesterase 4, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1, angiotensin receptors, high-mobility group box 1, rabphilin-3A, purinergic 2Y type 12 receptor, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2, G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor, a mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein, glucocerebrosidase, indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1, soluble epoxy hydroxylase and dual specificity phosphatase 6. We have also reviewed the molecular signalling cascades of those novel targets which cause the initiation and progression of PD and gathered some emerging disease-modifying agents that could slow the progression of PD. These approaches will assist in the discovery of novel target molecules, for curing disease symptoms and may provide a glimmer of hope for the treatment of PD. As of now, there is no drug available that will completely prevent the progression of PD by inhibiting the pathogenesis involved in PD, and thus, the newer targets and their inhibitors or activators are the major focus for researchers to suppress PD symptomatology. And the major limitations of these targets are the lack of clinical data and less number pre-clinical data, as we have majorly discussed the different targets which all have well reported for other disease pathogenesis. Thus, finding the disease-drug interactions, the molecular mechanisms, and the major side effects will be major challenges for the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Meheronnisha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Dithu Thekkekkara
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Amrita Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Y. Mohammed Tausif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - S. N. Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
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Zhang W, Dong X, Huang R. Antiparkinsonian Effects of Polyphenols: A Narrative Review with a Focus on the Modulation of the Gut-brain Axis. Pharmacol Res 2023:106787. [PMID: 37224894 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols, which are naturally occurring bioactive compounds in fruits and vegetables, are emerging as potential therapeutics for neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Polyphenols have diverse biological activities, such as anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and α-synuclein aggregation inhibitory effects, which could ameliorate PD pathogenesis. Studies have shown that polyphenols are capable of regulating the gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites; in turn, polyphenols are extensively metabolized by the GM, resulting in the generation of bioactive secondary metabolites. These metabolites may regulate various physiological processes, including inflammatory responses, energy metabolism, intercellular communication, and host immunity. With increasing recognition of the importance of the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA) in PD etiology, polyphenols have attracted growing attention as MGBA regulators. In order to address the potential therapeutic role of polyphenolic compounds in PD, we focused on MGBA. DATA AVAILABILITY: Data will be made available on request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Neurology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning PR, China.
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12
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Mo J, Hu J, Cheng X. The role of high mobility group box 1 in neuroinflammatory related diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114541. [PMID: 36963363 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a ubiquitous and highly conserved non-histone DNA-binding protein with different biological functions according to its subcellular localization. It is widely believed that HMGB1, which is released into the extracellular space, plays a key role in the inflammatory response. In recent years, numerous studies have shown that the development of various neurological diseases such as epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), multiple sclerosis (MS), cerebrovascular disease and traumatic brain injury (TBI) are inextricably linked to inflammation. We will review the mechanisms of HMGB1 and its receptors in nervous system inflammation to provide a basis for further development of new HMGB1-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Mo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Jiao Hu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China
| | - Xianglin Cheng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434000, Hubei, China.
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13
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Chen Y, Lu H, Ding Y, Liu S, Ding Y, Lu B, Xiao J, Zhou X. Dietary Protective Potential of Fucoxanthin as an Active Food Component on Neurological Disorders. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3599-3619. [PMID: 36802555 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of neurodegenerative, cerebrovascular, and psychiatric diseases and other neurological disorders has increased dramatically worldwide. Fucoxanthin is an algal pigment with many biological functions, and there is rising evidence that fucoxanthin plays a preventive and therapeutic role in neurological disorders. This review focuses on the metabolism, bioavailability, and blood-brain barrier penetration of fucoxanthin. Furthermore, the neuroprotective potential of fucoxanthin in neurodegenerative diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, and psychiatric diseases as well as other neurological disorders such as epilepsy, neuropathic pain, and brain tumors by acting on multiple targets will be summarized. The multiple targets include regulating apoptosis, reducing oxidative stress, activating the autophagy pathway, inhibiting Aβ aggregation, improving dopamine secretion, reducing α-synuclein aggregation, attenuating neuroinflammation, modulating gut microbiota, and activating brain-derived neurotrophic factor, etc. Additionally, we look forward to brain-targeted oral transport systems due to the low bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability of fucoxanthin. We also propose exploring the systemic mechanisms of fucoxanthin metabolism and transport through the gut-brain process and envision new therapeutic targets for fucoxanthin to act on the central nervous system. Finally, we propose dietary fucoxanthin delivery interventions to achieve preventive effects on neurological disorders. This review provides a reference for the application of fucoxanthin in the neural field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hao Lu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yicheng Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shulai Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yuting Ding
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Baiyi Lu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Key Laboratory for Agro-Products Nutritional Evaluation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo-Ourense Campus, E-32004 Ourense, Spain
| | - Xuxia Zhou
- College of Food Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources Exploitment & Utilization of Zhejiang Province, National R&D Branch Center for Pelagic Aquatic Products Processing, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
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14
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Peng K, Yang F, Qiu C, Yang Y, Lan C. Rosmarinic acid protects against lipopolysaccharide-induced cardiac dysfunction via activating Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway to alleviate mitochondrial impairment. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2023; 50:218-227. [PMID: 36350269 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy is a decisive factor that plays a critical role in the high mortality of septic patients in the critically ill. Mitochondrial dysfunction occurring during sepsis is a vital contributor to the pathogenesis of myocardial damage. Rosmarinic acid (RA), a natural poly-phenolic compound, has showed cardio-protective and mitochondrial protective effect. The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of RA on sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Adult mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of saline (control) or lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 5 mg/kg) to mimic sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy. Immediately after LPS challenge, vehicle or RA (100 mg/kg/day) was administrated via gavage. Cardiac function was examined with echocardiographic analyses 12 hours after LPS challenge and cumulative survival of mice was recorded for 8 days. Heart tissues were harvested 12 hours after LPS challenge to perform histological analyses and determine mitochondrial function. We found RA significantly improved cardiac function and survival of LPS-injected mice. Histologically, RA attenuated LPS-mediated cardiomyocyte damage, indicated by decreased cardiomyocyte apoptosis and improved myocardial swollen and disarrangement. Moreover, RA attenuated LPS-mediated myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction, indicated by improved mitochondrial ultrastructure, increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), markedly decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and alleviated oxidative stress in heart tissues. RA treatment downregulated protein expression of Sirt1 and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1α (PGC-1α), and Sirt1 inhibition blocked protective effect of RA on LPS-induced myocardial damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Collectively, RA attenuates LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction via activating Sirt1/PGC-1α pathway to alleviate mitochondrial impairment. It may be a promising cardio-protective drug to be used for septic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Peng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fengyuan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Chenming Qiu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongjian Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
| | - Cong Lan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Western Theater Command, Chengdu, China
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15
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Presti-Silva SM, Herlinger AL, Martins-Silva C, Pires RGW. Biochemical and behavioral effects of rosmarinic acid treatment in an animal model of Parkinson's disease induced by MPTP. Behav Brain Res 2023; 440:114257. [PMID: 36526017 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. The main therapeutic approach available nowadays relieves motor symptoms but does not prevent or stop neurodegeneration. Rosmarinic acid (RA), an ester of caffeic and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acids, is obtained from numerous plant species such as Salvia officinalis L. (sage) and Rosmarinus officinalis (rosemary). This compound has a wide spectrum of biological activities, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, and could be an additional therapy for neurodegenerative disorders. Here we evaluated the potential neuroprotective effects of RA treatment in a murine model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Mice were separated into four groups: CN, Control/saline; RA, Rosmarinic acid/vehicle; MPTP, MPTP/saline; MPTP+RA, MPTP/RA. RA (20 mg/kg, or vehicle) was administered orally by intra-gastric gavage for 14 days, one hour before MPTP or saline injection. MPTP groups received the drug (30 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) once a day for five days (fourth to the eighth day of the experiment). MPTP-treated animals displayed hyperlocomotion behavior, which was significantly prevented by RA treatment. In addition, RA treatment increased dopaminergic signaling in the parkinsonian mice and improved the monoaminergic system in healthy animals. Analysis of alterations in the striatal mRNA expression of dopaminergic system components showed that MAO-A expression was increased in the MPTP+AR group. Overall, this study brings new evidence of the potential neuroprotective properties of RA not only in preventing behavioral features observed in PD, but also by improving neurotransmission in the healthy brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Martins Presti-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Alice Laschuk Herlinger
- Cancer and Neurobiology Laboratory, Experimental Research Center, Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristina Martins-Silva
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Rita Gomes Wanderley Pires
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Laboratory of Molecular and Behavioral Neurobiology, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil; Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, ES, Brazil.
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16
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Effects of the Polyphenols Delphinidin and Rosmarinic Acid on the Inducible Intra-cellular Aggregation of Alpha-Synuclein in Model Neuron Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s12010-023-04362-8. [PMID: 36656539 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-023-04362-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein is a major pathological feature of Parkinson's disease. In this study, we show that the polyphenols delphinidin and rosmarinic acid suppress intracellular aggregation of α-synuclein in a mouse neuron cell model when added under oxidative stress conditions. To enhance the detection threshold of this preventive effect of the two polyphenols, we generated a new strain of "aggregation prone model cells" that tended to show prominent α-synuclein aggregation even under normal conditions. Using this new highly sensitive cell line, we demonstrate that addition of delphinidin to model cell cultures effectively suppresses the formation of intracellular α-synuclein aggregates. Flow cytometric analysis shows that adding delphinidin decreases the fraction of "dying cells," cells that were alive but in a damaged state. Our findings suggest the possibility of using polyphenols to prevent and treat the symptoms correlated with the onset of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, our aggregation-prone cell model may be used in future studies to probe numerous neurodegenerative diseases with high sensitivity.
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17
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Data-Driven Approaches Used for Compound Library Design for the Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021134. [PMID: 36674652 PMCID: PMC9867512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in older individuals worldwide. Pharmacological treatment for such a disease consists of drugs such as monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors to increase dopamine concentration in the brain. However, such drugs have adverse reactions that limit their use for extended periods; thus, the design of less toxic and more efficient compounds may be explored. In this context, cheminformatics and computational chemistry have recently contributed to developing new drugs and the search for new therapeutic targets. Therefore, through a data-driven approach, we used cheminformatic tools to find and optimize novel compounds with pharmacological activity against MAO-B for treating PD. First, we retrieved from the literature 3316 original articles published between 2015-2021 that experimentally tested 215 natural compounds against PD. From such compounds, we built a pharmacological network that showed rosmarinic acid, chrysin, naringenin, and cordycepin as the most connected nodes of the network. From such compounds, we performed fingerprinting analysis and developed evolutionary libraries to obtain novel derived structures. We filtered these compounds through a docking test against MAO-B and obtained five derived compounds with higher affinity and lead likeness potential. Then we evaluated its antioxidant and pharmacokinetic potential through a docking analysis (NADPH oxidase and CYP450) and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK modeling). Interestingly, only one compound showed dual activity (antioxidant and MAO-B inhibitors) and pharmacokinetic potential to be considered a possible candidate for PD treatment and further experimental analysis.
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18
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Tian Y, Chen R, Su Z. HMGB1 is a Potential and Challenging Therapeutic Target for Parkinson's Disease. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 43:47-58. [PMID: 34797463 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-021-01170-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common degenerative diseases of the human nervous system and has a wide range of serious impacts on human health and quality of life. Recently, research targeting high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in PD has emerged, and a variety of laboratory methods for inhibiting HMGB1 have achieved good results to a certain extent. However, given that HMGB1 undergoes a variety of intracellular modifications and three different forms of extracellular redox, the possible roles of these forms in PD are likely to be different. General inhibition of all forms of HMGB1 is obviously not ideal and has become one of the biggest obstacles in the clinical application of targeting HMGB1. In this review, pure mechanistic research of HMGB1 and in vivo research targeting HMGB1 were combined, the effects of HMGB1 on neurons and immune cell responses in PD are discussed in detail, and the problems that need to be focused on in the future are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Tian
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Rong Chen
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Zhaoliang Su
- International Genome Center, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China. .,Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
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19
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Farhadi F, Baradaran Rahimi V, Mohamadi N, Askari VR. Effects of rosmarinic acid, carnosic acid, rosmanol, carnosol, and ursolic acid on the pathogenesis of respiratory diseases. Biofactors 2022. [PMID: 36564953 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This review aimed to identify preclinical and clinical studies examining the effects of rosmarinic acid (RA), carnosic acid (CaA), rosmanol (RO), carnosol (CA), and ursolic acid (UA) against allergic and immunologic disorders. Various online databases, including PubMed, Science Direct, EMBASE, Web of Sciences, Cochrane trials, and Scopus, were searched from inception until October 2022. Due to the suppression of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway, the main factor in allergic asthma, RA may be a promising candidate for the treatment of asthma. The other ingredients comprising CA and UA reduce the expression of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, and IL-13 and improve airway inflammation. Rosemary's anti-cancer effect is mediated by several mechanisms, including DNA fragmentation, apoptosis induction, inhibition of astrocyte-upregulated gene-1 expression, and obstruction of cell cycle progression in the G1 phase. The compounds, essentially found in Rosemary essential oil, prevent smooth muscle contraction through its calcium antagonistic effects, inhibiting acetylcholine (ACH), histamine, and norepinephrine stimulation. Additionally, CA exhibits a substantially greater interaction with the nicotinic ACH receptor than a family of medications that relax the smooth muscles, making it a potent antispasmodic treatment. The components have demonstrated therapeutic effects on the immune, allergy, and respiratory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faegheh Farhadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vafa Baradaran Rahimi
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Neda Mohamadi
- Herbal and Traditional Medicines Research center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Vahid Reza Askari
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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20
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Agmatine-mediated inhibition of NMDA receptor expression and amelioration of dyskinesia via activation of Nrf2 and suppression of HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4/MYD88/NF-κB signaling cascade in rotenone lesioned rats. Life Sci 2022; 311:121049. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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21
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Ikram FZ, Arulsamy A, Retinasamy T, Shaikh MF. The Role of High Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) in Neurodegeneration: A Systematic Review. Curr Neuropharmacol 2022; 20:2221-2245. [PMID: 35034598 PMCID: PMC9886836 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x20666220114153308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) that plays an important role in the repair and regeneration of tissue injury. It also acts as a pro-inflammatory cytokine through the activation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), to elicit the neuroinflammatory response. HMGB1 may aggravate several cellular responses, which may lead to pathological inflammation and cellular death. Thus, there have been a considerable amount of research into the pathological role of HMGB1 in diseases. However, whether the mechanism of action of HMGB1 is similar in all neurodegenerative disease pathology remains to be determined. OBJECTIVE Therefore, this systematic review aimed to critically evaluate and elucidate the role of HMGB1 in the pathology of neurodegeneration based on the available literature. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed on four databases; EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL Plus. RESULTS A total of 85 articles were selected for critical appraisal, after subjecting to the inclusion and exclusion criteria in this study. The selected articles revealed that HMGB1 levels were found elevated in most neurodegeneration except in Huntington's disease and Spinocerebellar ataxia, where the levels were found decreased. This review also showcased that HMGB1 may act on distinctive pathways to elicit its pathological response leading to the various neurodegeneration processes/ diseases. CONCLUSION While there have been promising findings in HMGB1 intervention research, further studies may still be required before any HMGB1 intervention may be recommended as a therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathimath Zaha Ikram
- Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Alina Arulsamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thaarvena Retinasamy
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia,Address correspondence to this author at the Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Tel/Fax: +60 3 5514 4483; E-mail:
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22
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Hassanein EHM, Mohamed WR, Ahmed OS, Abdel-Daim MM, Sayed AM. The role of inflammation in cadmium nephrotoxicity: NF-κB comes into view. Life Sci 2022; 308:120971. [PMID: 36130617 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Kidney diseases are major health problem and understanding the underlined mechanisms that lead to kidney diseases are critical research points with a marked potential impact on health. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that occurs naturally and can be found in contaminated food. Kidneys are the most susceptible organ to heavy metal intoxication as it is the main route of waste excretion. The harmful effects of Cd were previously well proved. Cd induces inflammatory responses, oxidative injury, mitochondrial dysfunction and disturbs Ca2+ homeostasis. The nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a cellular transcription factor that regulates inflammation and controls the expression of many inflammatory cytokines. Therefore, great therapeutic benefits can be attained from NF-κB inhibition. In this review we focused on certain compounds including cytochalasin D, mangiferin, N-acetylcysteine, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate, roflumilast, rosmarinic acid, sildenafil, sinapic acid, telmisartan and wogonin and certain plants as Astragalus Polysaccharide, Ginkgo Biloba and Thymus serrulatus that potently inhibit NF-κB and effectively counteracted Cd-associated renal intoxication. In conclusion, the proposed NF-κB involvement in Cd-renal intoxication clarified the underlined inflammation associated with Cd-nephropathy and the beneficial effects of NF-κB inhibitors that make them the potential to substantially optimize treatment protocols for Cd-renal intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad H M Hassanein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Wafaa R Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Osama S Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Pharmacy Program, Batterjee Medical College, P.O. Box 6231, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, 41522 Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Sayed
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Egypt.
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23
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Dahchour A. Anxiolytic and antidepressive potentials of rosmarinic acid: A review with a focus on antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Pharmacol Res 2022; 184:106421. [PMID: 36096427 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Depression and anxiety are the most prevalent neuropsychiatric disorders that have emerged as global health concerns. Anxiolytic and antidepressant drugs, such as benzodiazepines, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, monoamine oxidase inhibitors, and tricyclics, are the first line used in treating anxiety and depression. Although these drugs lack efficacy and have a delayed response time and numerous side effects, their widespread abuse and market continue to grow. Over time, traditional practices using natural and phytochemicals as alternative therapies to chemical drugs have emerged to treat many pathological conditions, including anxiety and depression. Recent preclinical studies have demonstrated that the phenolic compound, rosmarinic acid, is effective against several neuropsychiatric disorders, including anxiety and depression. In addition, rosmarinic acid showed various pharmacological effects, such as cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, lung protective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects. However, the potentialities of the use of rosmarinic acid in the treatment of nervous system-related disorders, such as anxiety and depression, are less or not yet reviewed. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to present several preclinical and clinical studies, when available, from different databases investigating the effects of rosmarinic acid on anxiety and depression. These studies showed that rosmarinic acid produces advantageous effects on anxiety and depression through its powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This review will examine and discuss the possibility that the anxiolytic and anti-depressive effects of rosmarinic acid could be associated with its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelkader Dahchour
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 30000, Morocco.
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The Role of Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Parkinson’s Disease: Recent Advancement. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15070811. [PMID: 35890110 PMCID: PMC9315906 DOI: 10.3390/ph15070811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative aging disorder that manifests as motor and non-motor symptoms, and its etiopathogenesis is influenced by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Signal pathway and gene sequence studies have proposed that alteration of ncRNAs is relevant to the occurrence and development of PD. Furthermore, many studies on brain tissues and body fluids from patients with PD indicate that variations in ncRNAs and their target genes could trigger or exacerbate neurodegenerative pathogenesis and serve as potential non-invasive biomarkers of PD. Numerous ncRNAs have been considered regulators of apoptosis, α-syn misfolding and aggregation, mitochondrial dysfunction, autophagy, and neuroinflammation in PD etiology, and evidence is mounting for the determination of the role of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanisms in disease development. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge regarding the regulation and function of ncRNAs as well as ceRNA networks in PD pathogenesis, focusing on microRNAs, long ncRNAs, and circular RNAs to increase the understanding of the disease and propose potential target identification and treatment in the early stages of PD.
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Cai G, Lin F, Wu D, Lin C, Chen H, Wei Y, Weng H, Chen Z, Wu M, Huang E, Ye Z, Ye Q. Rosmarinic Acid Inhibits Mitochondrial Damage by Alleviating Unfolded Protein Response. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:859978. [PMID: 35652041 PMCID: PMC9149082 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.859978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential organelles that perform important roles in cell biologies such as ATP synthesis, metabolic regulation, immunomodulatory, and apoptosis. Parkinson’s disease (PD) is connected with mitochondrial neuronal damage related to mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). Rosmarinic acid (RA) is a naturally occurring hydroxylated polyphenolic chemical found in the Boraginaceae and the Labiatae subfamily Nepetoideae. This study looked into RA’s protective effect against mitochondrial loss in the substantia nigra (SN) caused by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), the underlying mechanism associated with the mtUPR. Pretreatment with RA reduced motor impairments and dopaminergic neuronal degeneration in the SN of a mouse model injected with MPTP. Pretreatment of SH-SY5Y cells from cell viability loss, morphological damage, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, RA pre-injection suppressed MPTP-induced mtUPR, lowered the expression of HSPA9, HSPE1, CLPP, LONP1, and SIRT 4, and protected the MPTP-mice and SH-SY5Y cells from mitochondrial failure. These findings imply that RA can prevent Parkinson’s disease by preventing mitochondrial damage in dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease via alleviating mitochondrial unfolded protein response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoen Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Fabin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Dihang Wu
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Chenxin Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huiyun Chen
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yicong Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, China
| | - Huidan Weng
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiting Chen
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Minxia Wu
- Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - En Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zucheng Ye
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Brain Aging and Neurodegenerative Diseases, The School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zucheng Ye, ; Qinyong Ye,
| | - Qinyong Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fujian Key Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Institute of Clinical Neurology, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zucheng Ye, ; Qinyong Ye,
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Chen J, Xu J, Huang P, Luo Y, Shi Y, Ma P. The potential applications of traditional Chinese medicine in Parkinson's disease: A new opportunity. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112866. [PMID: 35367767 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) presents a common challenge for people all over the world and has become a major research hotspot due to the large population affected by the illness and the difficulty of clinical treatment. The prevalence of PD is increasing every year, the pathogenesis is complex, and the current treatment is ineffective. Therefore, it has become imperative to find effective drugs for PD. With the advantages of low cost, high safety and high biological activity, Chinese medicine has great advantages in the prevention and treatment of PD. This review systematically summarizes the potential of Chinese medicine for the treatment of PD, showing that Chinese medicine can exert anti-PD effects through various pathways, such as anti-inflammatory and antioxidant pathways, reducing mitochondrial dysfunction, inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress and iron death, and regulating intestinal flora. These mainly involve HMGB1/TLR4, PI3K/Akt, NLRP3/ caspase-1/IL-1β, Nrf2/HO-1, SIRT1/Akt1, PINK1/parkin, Bcl-2/Bax, BDNF-TrkB and other signaling pathways. In sum, based on modern phytochemistry, pharmacology and genomic proteomics, Chinese medicine is likely to be a potential candidate for PD treatment, which requires more clinical trials to further elucidate its importance in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxue Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Jingke Xu
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Huang
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yining Luo
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yuanshu Shi
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ping Ma
- School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Zhou L, Huang Y, Han Z, Wang J, Sun N, Zhang R, Dong W, Deng C, Zhuang G. Effects of rosmarinic acid on the inflammatory response in allergic rhinitis rat models after PM2.5 exposure. J Clin Lab Anal 2022; 36:e24316. [PMID: 35285093 PMCID: PMC8993598 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.24316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown the promising prospects of rosmarinic acid (RosA) for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RosA on inflammatory reaction in rat models of allergic rhinitis (AR) after PM2.5 exposure. METHODS Allergic rhinitis rat models were established by ovalbumin sensitization, and PM2.5 was applied at a concentration of 1000 μg/m3 , 3 h a day for 30 consecutive days. RosA was administered via intraperitoneal injection (20 mg/kg/d) for seven consecutive days. Allergic nasal symptoms were recorded. The expressions of interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, interferon (INF)-γ, and OVA-sIgE were determined by ELISA. Histopathological changes in nasal mucosa were observed by HE staining. mRNA expressions of T-bet and GATA-3 in nasal mucosa were detected by RT-PCR. NF-κBp65 in cell nuclei and IκBα in cytoplasm were analyzed by Western blot. RESULTS PM2.5 exposure worsened allergic nasal symptoms in AR rats, while RosA ameliorated these symptoms. Histopathologically, AR rats exhibited disorganized nasal mucosal epithelium, cell exfoliation, eosinophilic infiltration of lamina propria, gland swelling, and submucosal vascular congestion, which were aggravated by PM2.5 exposure and alleviated by RosA. RosA decreased the expressions of IL-4, IL-13, and increased the level of IFN-γ in PM2.5-exposed AR rats. After RosA intervention, the expressions of GATA-3 mRNA and NF-κBp65 in PM2.5-exposed AR rats were significantly reduced, while those of T-bet mRNA and IκBα were markedly increased. CONCLUSION Rosmarinic acid may alleviate symptoms of AR rat models exposed to PM2.5 through the modulation of the NF-κB pathway and Th1/Th2 balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhou
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhijin Han
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jinchao Wang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Na Sun
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ruxin Zhang
- Department of OtolaryngologyHuadong Hospital Affiliated to Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Weiyang Dong
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry StudyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Congrui Deng
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry StudyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Guoshun Zhuang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Center for Atmospheric Chemistry StudyFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Akhter J, Khan J, Baghel M, Beg MMA, Goswami P, Afjal MA, Ahmad S, Habib H, Najmi AK, Raisuddin S. NLRP3 inflammasome in rosmarinic acid-afforded attenuation of acute kidney injury in mice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1313. [PMID: 35079027 PMCID: PMC8789898 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin (CP) is a well-known anticancer drug used to effectively treat various kinds of solid tumors. CP causes acute kidney injury (AKI) and unfortunately, there is no therapeutic approach in hand to prevent AKI. Several signaling pathways are responsible for inducing AKI which leads to inflammation in proximal convoluted tubule cells in the kidney. Furthermore, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is involved in the CP-induced AKI. In this study, we investigated therapeutic effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) against inflammation-induced AKI. RA was orally administered at the dose of 100 mg/kg for two consecutive days after 24 h of a single injection of CP at the dose of 20 mg/kg administered intraperitoneally in Swiss albino male mice. Treatment of RA inhibited the activation of NLRP3 signaling pathway by blocking the activated caspase-1 and downstream signal molecules such as IL-1β and IL18. CP activated HMGB1-TLR4/MyD88 axis was also found to be downregulated with the RA treatment. Activation of nuclear factor-κB and elevated protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also found to be downregulated in RA-treated animals. Alteration of early tubular injury biomarker, kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1), was found to be subsided in RA-treated mice. RA has been earlier reported for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Our findings show that blocking a critical step of inflammasome signaling pathway by RA treatment can be a novel and beneficial approach to prevent the CP-induced AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juheb Akhter
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Jasim Khan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
- School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35233, USA
| | - Madhu Baghel
- Metabolic Research Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Mirza Masroor Ali Beg
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Poonam Goswami
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Mohd Amir Afjal
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Shahzad Ahmad
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Haroon Habib
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India
| | - Abul Kalam Najmi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, India
| | - Sheikh Raisuddin
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology and Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Yildirim S, Ozkan A, Aytac G, Agar A, Tanriover G. Role of melatonin in TLR4-mediated inflammatory pathway in the MTPT-induced mouse model. Neurotoxicology 2021; 88:168-177. [PMID: 34808223 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation has an essential role in various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD). Microglial activation as a result of neuroinflammation exacerbates the pathological consequences of the disease. The toxic effect of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) causes alpha-synuclein (α-synuclein) accumulation, which leads to dopaminergic neuron death in the MPTP-induced mouse model. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) stimulates release of cytokine through NF-kB by activating glial cells, thus resulting in the death of dopaminergic neurons. Melatonin has the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and protect neurons through anti-inflammatory properties. We hypothesized that melatonin could suppress TLR4-mediated neuroinflammation, decrease cytokine release due to the inflammatory response, and reduce dopaminergic neuron loss in the MPTP-induced mouse model. In the MPTP-induced mouse model, we aimed to assess the neuroinflammatory responses caused by TLR4 activation as well as the effect of melatonin on these responses. Three-month-old male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into five groups; Control (Group-C), Sham (Group-S), Melatonin-treated (Group-M), MPTP-injected (Group-P), and MPTP + melatonin-injected (Group-P + M). MPTP toxin (20 mg/kg) was dissolved in saline and intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected to mice for two days with 12 h intervals. The total dose per mouse was 80 mg/kg. Melatonin was administered (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally to Group-M and Group-P + M twice a day for five days. Eight days after starting the experiment, the motor activities of mice were evaluated by locomotor activity tests. The effects on dopamine neurons in the SNPc was determined by tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) immunohistochemistry. TLR4, α-synuclein, and p65 expression was evaluated by immunostaining as well. The amount of TNF-alpha in the total brain was evaluated by western blot analysis. In our results seen that locomotor activity was lower in Group-P compared to Group-C. However, melatonin administration was improved this impairment. MPTPcaused decrease in TH immuno-expression in dopaminergic neurons in Group-P. TLR4 (p < 0.001), α-synuclein (p < 0.001), and p65 (p < 0.01) immuno-expressions were also decreased in Group-P+M compared to Group-P (using MPTP). TNF-α expression was lower in Group-C, Group-S, Group-M, and Group-P+M, when compared to Group-P (p < 0.0001) due to the absence of inflammatory response. In conclusion, our study revealed that melatonin administration reduced α-synuclein aggregation and TLR4-mediated inflammatory response in the MPTP-induced mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sendegul Yildirim
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ayse Ozkan
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gunes Aytac
- TOBB University of Economics & Technology, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Ankara, Turkey; University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, John A. Burns School of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Biochemistry & Physiology, Hawaii, USA
| | - Aysel Agar
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physiology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Gamze Tanriover
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Antalya, Turkey; Akdeniz University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey.
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Farag MR, Khalil SR, Zaglool AW, Hendam BM, Moustafa AA, Cocco R, Di Cerbo A, Alagawany M. Thiacloprid Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity via ROS-Oxidative Injury and Inflammation in Chicken Embryo: The Possible Attenuating Role of Chicoric and Rosmarinic Acids. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111100. [PMID: 34827094 PMCID: PMC8614723 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The current study was designed to evaluate the negative impact of thiacloprid (TH) on the brain tissue of developing chicken embryo models and to evaluate the modulatory effects of chicoric (CA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids. The eggs were injected in ovo with different doses of TH (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/egg). TH significantly increased the oxidative damage in the brain of exposed embryos in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.001). TH significantly elevated the oxidative stress markers; protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and DNA damage (p < 0.001). Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and NO significantly increased with overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ; interferon gamma, TNF-α; tumor necrosis factor alpha, and IL-1β; interleukin-1 beta), stress-related and apoptotic genes (NF-KB, Caspase-3) in the brain tissue on both a biochemical and molecular levels (p < 0.05), while downregulating the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Co-treatment of CA and RA with TH markedly decreased the insecticide-induced toxicity with a prominent synergistic effect (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TH is suggested to be a possible neurotoxic to embryos of vertebrates and possibly humans. The study also revealed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, genoprotective, and antiapoptotic properties of CA and RA against TH toxicity. Abstract Insecticides are widely employed in agriculture to control pests and as major factors for enhancing crop productivity. Thiacloprid (TH) is one of the most-used insecticides worldwide. In this study, the negative impact of TH on the brain tissue of developing chicken embryo models and the modulatory effect of chicoric (CA) and rosmarinic (RA) acids were investigated. The eggs were injected in ovo with different doses of TH (0.1, 1, 10, and 100 μg/egg). TH significantly increased the oxidative damage in the brain of exposed embryos in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). TH significantly elevated the oxidative stress markers; protein carbonyl, malondialdehyde content, and DNA damage (p < 0.05). Myeloperoxidase activity and nitric oxide significantly increased with overexpression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines (interferon gamma, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and interleukin-1 beta) and stress-related and apoptotic genes (NF-KB, Caspase-3) in the brain tissue on both biochemical and molecular levels (p < 0.05), while downregulating the expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Co-treatment of CA and RA with TH markedly decreased the insecticide-induced toxicity with a prominent synergistic effect (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TH is suggested to be a possible neurotoxic to embryos of vertebrates including human. The study also revealed the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, genoprotective, and antiapoptotic property of CA and RA against TH toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayada R. Farag
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
- Correspondence: (M.R.F.); (A.D.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Samah R. Khalil
- Forensic Medicine and Toxicology Department, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Asmaa W. Zaglool
- Animal Wealth Development Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Basma M. Hendam
- Department of Husbandry and Development of Animal Wealth, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Amr A. Moustafa
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt;
| | - Raffaella Cocco
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Di Cerbo
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.R.F.); (A.D.C.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahmoud Alagawany
- Poultry Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: (M.R.F.); (A.D.C.); (M.A.)
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Naoi M, Maruyama W, Shamoto-Nagai M. Disease-modifying treatment of Parkinson's disease by phytochemicals: targeting multiple pathogenic factors. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2021; 129:737-753. [PMID: 34654977 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-021-02427-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is characterized by typical motor symptoms, loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, and accumulation of Lewy body composed of mutated α-synuclein. However, now it is considered as a generalized disease with multiple pathological features. Present available treatments can ameliorate symptoms at least for a while, but only a few therapies could delay progressive neurodegeneration of dopamine neurons. Lewy body accumulates in peripheral tissues many years before motor dysfunction becomes manifest, suggesting that disease-modifying therapy should start earlier during the premotor stage. Long-termed regulation of lifestyle, diet and supplement of nutraceuticals may be possible ways for the disease-modification. Diet can reduce the incidence of Parkinson's disease and phytochemicals, major bioactive ingredients of herbs and plant food, modulate multiple pathogenic factors and exert neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. This review presents mechanisms underlying neuroprotection of phytochemicals against neuronal cell death and α-synuclein toxicity in Parkinson's disease. Phytochemicals are antioxidants, maintain mitochondrial function and homeostasis, prevent intrinsic apoptosis and neuroinflammation, activate cellular signal pathways to induce anti-apoptotic and pro-survival genes, such as Bcl-2 protein family and neurotrophic factors, and promote cleavage of damaged mitochondria and α-synuclein aggregates. Phytochemicals prevent α-synuclein oligomerization and aggregation, and dissolve preformed α-synuclein aggregates. Novel neuroprotective agents are expected to develop based on the scaffold of phytochemicals permeable across the blood-brain-barrier, to increase the bioavailability, ameliorate brain dysfunction and prevent neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Naoi
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan.
| | - Wakako Maruyama
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
| | - Masayo Shamoto-Nagai
- Department of Health and Nutrition, Faculty of Psychological and Physical Science, Aichi Gakuin University, 12 Araike, Iwasaki-cho, Nisshin, Aichi, 320-0195, Japan
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Manochkumar J, Doss CGP, El-Seedi HR, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. The neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vitro and in vivo. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 91:153676. [PMID: 34339943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite advances in research on neurodegenerative diseases, the pathogenesis and treatment response of neurodegenerative diseases remain unclear. Recent studies revealed a significant role of carotenoids to treat neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to systematically review the neuroprotective potential of carotenoids in vivo and in vitro and the molecular mechanisms and pathological factors contributing to major neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and stroke). HYPOTHESIS Carotenoids as therapeutic molecules to target neurodegenerative diseases. RESULTS Aggregation of toxic proteins, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, the excitotoxic pathway, and neuroinflammation were the major pathological factors contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies supported the beneficiary role of carotenoids, namely lycopene, β-carotene, crocin, crocetin, lutein, fucoxanthin and astaxanthin in alleviating disease progression. These carotenoids provide neuroprotection by inhibition of neuro-inflammation, microglial activation, excitotoxic pathway, modulation of autophagy, attenuation of oxidative damage and activation of defensive antioxidant enzymes. Additionally, studies conducted on humans also demonstrated that dietary intake of carotenoids lowers the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. CONCLUSION Carotenoids may be used as drugs to prevent and treat neurodegenerative diseases. Although, the in vitro and in vivo results are encouraging, further well conducted clinical studies on humans are required to conclude about the full potential of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Manochkumar
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - C George Priya Doss
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hesham R El-Seedi
- Pharmacognosy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, Box 574, SE-75 123 Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Menoufia University, 32512 Shebin El-Koom, Egypt
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- School of Bio Sciences and Technology, VIT University, Vellore 632014, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Yao L, Wu J, Koc S, Lu G. Genetic Imaging of Neuroinflammation in Parkinson's Disease: Recent Advancements. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:655819. [PMID: 34336822 PMCID: PMC8320775 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.655819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative aging disorders characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms due to the selective loss of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. The decreased viability of DA neurons slowly results in the appearance of motor symptoms such as rigidity, bradykinesia, resting tremor, and postural instability. These symptoms largely depend on DA nigrostriatal denervation. Pharmacological and surgical interventions are the main treatment for improving clinical symptoms, but it has not been possible to cure PD. Furthermore, the cause of neurodegeneration remains unclear. One of the possible neurodegeneration mechanisms is a chronic inflammation of the central nervous system, which is mediated by microglial cells. Impaired or dead DA neurons can directly lead to microglia activation, producing a large number of reactive oxygen species and pro-inflammatory cytokines. These cytotoxic factors contribute to the apoptosis and death of DA neurons, and the pathological process of neuroinflammation aggravates the primary morbid process and exacerbates ongoing neurodegeneration. Therefore, anti-inflammatory treatment exerts a robust neuroprotective effect in a mouse model of PD. Since discovering the first mutation in the α-synuclein gene (SNCA), which can cause disease-causing, PD has involved many genes and loci such as LRRK2, Parkin, SNCA, and PINK1. In this article, we summarize the critical descriptions of the genetic factors involved in PD's occurrence and development (such as LRRK2, SNCA, Parkin, PINK1, and inflammasome), and these factors play a crucial role in neuroinflammation. Regulation of these signaling pathways and molecular factors related to these genetic factors can vastly improve the neuroinflammation of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longping Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Sumeyye Koc
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Guohui Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Tayarani-Najaran Z, Hadipour E, Seyed Mousavi SM, Emami SA, Mohtashami L, Javadi B. Protective effects of Lavandula stoechas L. methanol extract against 6-OHDA-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 273:114023. [PMID: 33716081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder associated with oxidative stress-induced neuronal damage and death. In European and Persian Traditional Medicine, aerial parts (leaves, stems, and flowers) of Lavandula stoechas L. have been widely used for treating neurodegenerative disorders including PD. AIM OF THE STUDY Herein, the protective effects of L. stoechas methanol extract were investigated on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative damage in PC12 cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cells were pretreated with a standardized L. stoechas methanol extract (2.5-20 μg/mL) for 24 h and exposed to 6-OHDA (200 μM) thereafter. The cell viability percentage was determined by AlamarBlue test. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production was determined by a fluorimetric method using 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate and cellular apoptosis was assessed by the fluorescent probe propidium iodide test. Finally, the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis pathway (Phospho SAPK/JNK, SAPK/JNK, p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2) and Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP)) was measured via Western blot analysis. RESULTS Treatment of PC12 cells with 6-OHDA could significantly increase cytotoxicity, ROS level, and cell apoptosis. Pretreatment of PC12 cells with the extract could significantly decrease 6-OHDA cytotoxicity, ROS production, (2.5 and 5 μg/mL) and cell apoptosis (5 μg/mL). Western blot analysis showed that 6-OHDA exposure could increase the expression of proteins involved in apoptosis signaling, while pretreatment with L. stoechas (5 μg/mL) reduced apoptotic proteins. CONCLUSIONS The present study demonstrated that L. stoechas, which has been traditionally used in Persian Medicine for treating CNS diseases, is a valuable source of active compounds with neuroprotective, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Elham Hadipour
- Medical Toxicology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, Kosar University of Bojnord, Bojnord, Iran.
| | - Seyed Mahdi Seyed Mousavi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Control, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Leila Mohtashami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| | - Behjat Javadi
- Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Pascual M, Calvo-Rodriguez M, Núñez L, Villalobos C, Ureña J, Guerri C. Toll-like receptors in neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and alcohol-induced brain damage. IUBMB Life 2021; 73:900-915. [PMID: 34033211 DOI: 10.1002/iub.2510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) or pattern recognition receptors respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or internal damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). TLRs are integral membrane proteins with both extracellular leucine-rich and cytoplasmic domains that initiate downstream signaling through kinases by activating transcription factors like AP-1 and NF-κB, which lead to the release of various inflammatory cytokines and immune modulators. In the central nervous system, different TLRs are expressed mainly in microglia and astroglial cells, although some TLRs are also expressed in oligodendroglia and neurons. Activation of TLRs triggers signaling cascades by the host as a defense mechanism against invaders to repair damaged tissue. However, overactivation of TLRs disrupts the sustained immune homeostasis-induced production of pro-inflammatory molecules, such as cytokines, miRNAs, and inflammatory components of extracellular vesicles. These inflammatory mediators can, in turn, induce neuroinflammation, and neural tissue damage associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. This review discusses the critical role of TLRs response in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, ischemic stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and alcohol-induced brain damage and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pascual
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Maria Calvo-Rodriguez
- Alzheimer's Research Unit, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucía Núñez
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Physiology, University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Carlos Villalobos
- Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid and National Research Council (CSIC), Valladolid, Spain
| | - Juan Ureña
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Guerri
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology of Alcohol, Príncipe Felipe Research Center, Valencia, Spain
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Dolatshahi M, Ranjbar Hameghavandi MH, Sabahi M, Rostamkhani S. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) in pathophysiology of Parkinson disease: Diverse patterns and mechanisms contributing to neurodegeneration. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:4101-4123. [PMID: 33884689 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder, comprises several pathophysiologic mechanisms including misfolded alpha-synuclein aggregation, inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and synaptic loss. Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB), as a key regulator of a myriad of cellular reactions, is shown to be involved in such mechanisms associated with PD, and the changes in NF-κB expression is implicated in PD. Alpha-synuclein accumulation, the characteristic feature of PD pathology, is known to trigger NF-κB activation in neurons, thereby propagating apoptosis through several mechanisms. Furthermore, misfolded alpha-synuclein released from degenerated neurons, activates several signaling pathways in glial cells which culminate in activation of NF-κB and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, thereby aggravating neurodegenerative processes. On the other hand, NF-κB activation, acting as a double-edged sword, can be necessary for survival of neurons. For instance, NF-κB activation is necessary for competent mitochondrial function and deficiency in c-Rel, one of the NF-κB proteins, is known to propagate DA neuron loss via several mechanisms. Despite the dual role of NF-κB in PD, several agents by selectively modifying the mechanisms and pathways associated with NF-κB, can be effective in attenuating DA neuron loss and PD, as reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahsa Dolatshahi
- Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadmahdi Sabahi
- NeuroImaging Network (NIN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
- Neurosurgery Research Group (NRG), Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Sabra Rostamkhani
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Long non-coding RNA GAS5 aggravates myocardial depression in mice with sepsis via the microRNA-449b/HMGB1 axis and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Biosci Rep 2021; 41:227999. [PMID: 33645622 PMCID: PMC8035624 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20201738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a common cause of deaths of patients in intensive care unit. The study aims to figure out the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) GAS5 in the myocardial depression in mice with sepsis. Cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) was applied to induce sepsis in mice, and then the heart function, myocardium structure, and the inflammatory response were evaluated. Differentially expressed lncRNAs in mice with sepsis were identified. Then gain- and loss-of-functions of GAS5 were performed in mice to evaluate its role in mouse myocardial depression. The lncRNA-associated microRNA (miRNA)-mRNA network was figured out via an integrative prediction and detection. Myocardial injury was observed by overexpression of high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) in septic mice with knockdown of GAS5 expression. Activity of NF-κB signaling was evaluated, and NF-κB inhibition was induced in mice with sepsis and overexpression of GAS5. Collectively, CLP resulted in myocardial depression and injury, and increased inflammation in mice. GAS5 was highly expressed in septic mice. GAS5 inhibition reduced myocardial depression, myocardial injury and inflammation responses in septic mice. GAS5 was identified to bind with miR-449b and to elevate HMGB1 expression, thus activating the NF-κB signaling. HMGB1 overexpression or NF-κB inactivation reduced the GAS5-induced myocardial depression and inflammation in septic mice. Our study suggested that GAS5 might promote sepsis-induced myocardial depression via the miR-449b/HMGB1 axis and the following NF-κB activation.
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Wei Y, Chen J, Cai GE, Lu W, Xu W, Wang R, Lin Y, Yang C. Rosmarinic Acid Regulates Microglial M1/M2 Polarization via the PDPK1/Akt/HIF Pathway Under Conditions of Neuroinflammation. Inflammation 2021; 44:129-147. [PMID: 32940818 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-020-01314-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Microglia are resident macrophage-like cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The induction of microglial activation dampens neuroinflammation-related diseases by promoting microglial (re)polarization to the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype and can serve as a potential therapeutic approach. Mitochondrial respiration and metabolic reprogramming are required for the anti-inflammatory response of M2 macrophages. However, whether these mitochondrial-dependent pathways are involved in microglial (re)polarization to the anti-inflammatory (M2) phenotype under conditions of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation remains unclear. Moreover, the mechanisms that coordinate mitochondrial respiration and the functional reprogramming of microglial cells have not been fully elucidated. Rosmarinic acid (RA) possesses antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities, and we previously reported that RA markedly suppresses LPS-stimulated M1 microglial activation in mice. In this study, we found that RA suppresses M1 microglial polarization and promotes microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype under conditions of neuroinflammation. We identified an increase in mitochondrial respiration and found that metabolic reprogramming is required for the RA-mediated promotion of microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype under LPS-induced neuroinflammation conditions. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) subunits are the key effector molecules responsible for the effects of RA on the restoration of mitochondrial function, metabolic reprogramming, and phenotypic polarization to M2 microglia. The phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase 1 (PDPK1)/Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in the RA-mediated regulation of HIF expression and increase in M2 marker expression. We propose that the inhibition of PDPK1/Akt/HIFs by RA might be a potential therapeutic approach for inhibiting neuroinflammation through the regulation of microglial M1/M2 polarization. Graphical abstract Schematic of the mechanism through which RA suppresses LPS-induced neuroinflammation by promoting microglial polarization to the M2 phenotype via PDPK1/Akt/HIFs. The bold arrows indicate the direction of the effects of RA (i.e., inhibitory or promoting effects on cytokines or mediators).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicong Wei
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Jianxiong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Guo-En Cai
- Department of Neurology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, 350001, China
| | - Wei Lu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wei Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Ruiguo Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Yu Lin
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Chengzi Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Qiuyang Road, Minhou Shangjie, Fuzhou, China.
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Yao Y, Xu Y, Wang Y. Protective roles and mechanisms of rosmarinic acid in cyclophosphamide-induced premature ovarian failure. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2020; 34:e22591. [PMID: 32711407 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of rosmarinic acid (RA) in a premature ovarian failure (POF) mouse model and the potential mechanisms. The POF model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/kg cyclophosphamide (CP). Additionally, 40 mg/kg RA was administered for 7 days before CP injection. The concentration of sex hormones was determined by fluorescence immunohistochemistry. Histological analysis was performed after ovarian tissue sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome was examined by western blot analysis and polymerase chain reaction. The expression of apoptosis markers of cytochrome c and caspase-3 was also detected by western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that RA not only decreased the ovarian index in POF mice but also improved the abnormal secretion of reproductive hormones associated with POF. Treatment with RA suppressed the ovarian expression of the NLRP3 inflammasome and regulated the ovarian expression of apoptosis-related proteins. The results suggested that RA exhibited a protective effect against CP-induced POF potentially by suppressing apoptosis and the NLRP3 inflammasome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Central Laboratory, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yinglei Xu
- Department of Medical Genetic, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
- Department of Prenatal Diagnosis Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Gynecology, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Embryo Original Diseases, International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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De Leo F, Quilici G, De Marchis F, Mantonico MV, Bianchi ME, Musco G. Discovery of 5,5'-Methylenedi-2,3-Cresotic Acid as a Potent Inhibitor of the Chemotactic Activity of the HMGB1·CXCL12 Heterocomplex Using Virtual Screening and NMR Validation. Front Chem 2020; 8:598710. [PMID: 33324614 PMCID: PMC7726319 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2020.598710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
HMGB1 is a key molecule that both triggers and sustains inflammation following infection or injury, and is involved in a large number of pathologies, including cancer. HMGB1 participates in the recruitment of inflammatory cells, forming a heterocomplex with the chemokine CXCL12 (HMGB1·CXCL12), thereby activating the G-protein coupled receptor CXCR4. Thus, identification of molecules that disrupt this heterocomplex can offer novel pharmacological opportunities to treat inflammation-related diseases. To identify new HMGB1·CXCL12 inhibitors we have performed a study on the ligandability of the single HMG boxes of HMGB1 followed by a virtual screening campaign on both HMG boxes using Zbc Drugs and three different docking programs (Glide, AutoDock Vina, and AutoDock 4.2.6). The best poses in terms of scoring functions, visual inspection, and predicted ADME properties were further filtered according to a pharmacophore model based on known HMGB1 binders and clustered according to their structures. Eight compounds representative of the clusters were tested for HMGB1 binding by NMR. We identified 5,5'-methylenedi-2,3-cresotic acid (2a) as a binder of both HMGB1 and CXCL12; 2a also targets the HMGB1·CXCL12 heterocomplex. In cell migration assays 2a inhibited the chemotactic activity of HMGB1·CXCL12 with IC50 in the subnanomolar range, the best documented up to now. These results pave the way for future structure activity relationship studies to optimize the pharmacological targeting of HMGB1·CXCL12 for anti-inflammatory purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica De Leo
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giacomo Quilici
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Marchis
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Malisa Vittoria Mantonico
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Emilio Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
- Faculty of Medicine, Università Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanna Musco
- Biomolecular Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milan, Italy
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Pretreatment of Ascorbic Acid Inhibits MPTP-Induced Astrocytic Oxidative Stress through Suppressing NF- κB Signaling. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:8872296. [PMID: 33281897 PMCID: PMC7685864 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8872296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Astrocytes are a major constituent of the central nervous system (CNS). Astrocytic oxidative stress contributes to the development of Parkinson's disease (PD). Maintaining production of antioxidant and detoxification of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) in astrocytes is critical to prevent PD. Study has illuminated that ascorbic acid (AA) stimulates dopamine synthesis and expression of tyrosine hydroxylase in human neuroblastoma cells. However, the role and regulatory mechanisms of AA on detoxification of astrocytes are still unclear. The purpose of our study is in-depth study of the regulatory mechanism of AA on detoxification of astrocytes. We found that AA pretreatment decreased the expression of ROS and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in MPP+-treated astrocytes. In contrast, the expression levels of antioxidative substances—including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier (GCLM) subunit—were upregulated after AA pretreatment in MPP+-treated astrocytes. However, inhibition of NF-κB prevented such AA induced increases in antioxidative substances following MPP+ treatment in astrocytes, suggesting that AA improved antioxidative function of astrocytes through inhibiting NF-κB-mediated oxidative stress. Furthermore, in vivo studies revealed that AA preadministration also suppressed NF-κB and upregulated the expression levels of antioxidative substances in the midbrain of MPTP-treated mice. Additionally, pretreatment of AA alleviated MPTP-induced PD-like pathology in mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that preadministration of AA improves the antioxidative function of astrocytes through suppressing NF-κB signaling, following alleviated the pathogenesis of PD which induced by MPTP. Hence, our findings elucidate a novel protective mechanism of AA in astrocytes.
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Lv R, Du L, Zhou F, Yuan X, Liu X, Zhang L. Rosmarinic Acid Alleviates Inflammation, Apoptosis, and Oxidative Stress through Regulating miR-155-5p in a Mice Model of Parkinson's Disease. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:3259-3266. [PMID: 32946211 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.0c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder mainly occurring in the elderly. MicroRNA-155-5p (miR-155-5p) plays a vital role in neurodegenerative disease and has been reported to be regulated by rosmarinic acid (RA). In our previous study, it was found that RA could improve motor function and alleviate inflammatory responses in a mice model of PD. This study aimed to investigate the role of miR-155-5p in RA-treated PD mice. The PD mice model was established by injecting mice with N-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and treated with RA or/and miR-155-5p agomir. The effects of miR-155-5p agomir on motor function, microglial activation, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress were analyzed by performing a behavioral test, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 staining, quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-terminal dUTP nick end labeling double staining, TH-cleaved-caspase 3 double staining, and assessment of antioxidative parameters in RA-treated PD mice. The interaction between miR-155-5p and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1/nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 was validated using dual-luciferase reporter assay. MiR-155-5p up-regulation inhibited the alleviation of motor deficits caused by RA in PD mice, as evidenced by increasing descending time, decreasing limb movement score, increasing the time crossing the beam, and decreasing the times of front limb use. MiR-155-5p up-regulation could elevate microglial activation, inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in RA-treated PD mice. In conclusion, RA was able to alleviate PD by regulating miR-155-5p, suggesting that miR-155-5p could be used as a therapeutic target for PD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runxiao Lv
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Du
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, People's Republic of China
| | - Fenghua Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangnan Yuan
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xueyong Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
| | - Lixin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, People's Republic of China
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Yi SJ, Wu Y, Li LL, Liang QK, Xiao Y. Compound amino acid combined with high-dose vitamin B6 attenuate traumatic coagulopathy via inhibiting inflammation by HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. J Inflamm (Lond) 2020; 17:30. [PMID: 32874136 PMCID: PMC7456387 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-020-00258-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traumatic coagulopathy (TC) arises primarily from coagulation system failure to maintain adequate hemostasis after serious blood loss or trauma. Circulatory homeostasis restoration is the mainstay of the therapeutic approach to TC, but the effects are significantly inhibited by coagulopathy. OBJECTIVE To identify the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanism of compound amino acid (CAA) combined with high-dosage of vitamin B6 (VB6) on TC. METHODS Rabbit traumatic model and cellular model were used to evaluate the effect of CAA combined with high-dosage of VB6 in TC. Blood concentrations of AST and ALT were measured using the Vitros 250 device while blood APTT, PT and TT concentrations were measured using commercial diagnostics kits. Furthermore, qRT-PCR, ELISA and Western blotting were used to determine the expression of clotting factor (II, VII, IX, X and XI), inflammatory factors (TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β) and HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling-related proteins, respectively. RESULTS In the rabbit traumatic model, CAA combined with high-dosage of VB6 therapy inhibited the high expression of AST and ALT, but increased the expression of coagulation factors. Additionally, in both the rabbit trauma model and cellular injury model, CAA combined with high-dosage of VB6 inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors (IL-6, TNF-α and IL-1β) and proteins (HMGB1, TLR4 and p-p65) in HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Most importantly, over-expression of HMGB1 reversed the effect of CAA and VB6 in HUVECs and EA.hy926 cells injury model. CONCLUSION CAA combined with high-dosage of VB6 alleviated TC and inhibited the expression and secretion of inflammatory factors by inhibiting HMGB1-mediated TLR4/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Jian Yi
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, No.1098, Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, No.1098, Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan-Lan Li
- Department of Infection Control, Shenzhen Fuyong People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, 518103 People’s Republic of China
| | - Qian-Kun Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Shenzhen University General Hospital, No.1098, Xueyuan Avenue, Nanshan District, Shenzhen, 518055 Guangdong Province People’s Republic of China
| | - Yue Xiao
- Department of Outpatient, Shenzhen University General Hospital, Shenzhen, 518055 People’s Republic of China
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Sik B, Hanczné EL, Kapcsándi V, Ajtony Z. Conventional and nonconventional extraction techniques for optimal extraction processes of rosmarinic acid from six Lamiaceae plants as determined by HPLC-DAD measurement. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 184:113173. [PMID: 32092634 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to improve the extraction efficiency of rosmarinic acid (RA) from Lamiaceae herbs (lemon balm, peppermint, oregano, rosemary, sage, and thyme) using various extraction techniques (maceration with stirring, MACS; heat reflux, HRE; and microwave-assisted extraction, MAE) and extraction conditions (solvent acidity, solvent type, extraction time and temperature). The RA content was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection (HPLC-DAD) under test conditions. Our results showed that extraction with acidified aqueous ethanol (EtOH-H2O-HCl, 70:29:1, v/v/v) was the best choice for the recovery of RA compared to other solvent systems. Further study suggested the following optimal extraction times for the different techniques: 120 min at 25 °C with MACS, 15 min at boiling point with HRE, and 5 min at 50 °C and 80 °C with MAE. Based on our results, we demonstrated that by careful adjustment of the extraction conditions, it is possible to set up a single extraction protocol to extract RA from different plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrix Sik
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Lucsony utca 15-17, Hungary.
| | - Erika Lakatos Hanczné
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Lucsony utca 15-17, Hungary
| | - Viktória Kapcsándi
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Lucsony utca 15-17, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Ajtony
- Department of Food Science, Széchenyi István University, H-9200 Mosonmagyaróvár, Lucsony utca 15-17, Hungary
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Gan P, Ding L, Hang G, Xia Q, Huang Z, Ye X, Qian X. Oxymatrine Attenuates Dopaminergic Neuronal Damage and Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation Through Cathepsin D-Dependent HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB Pathway in Parkinson's Disease. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:776. [PMID: 32528295 PMCID: PMC7264119 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxymatrine (OMT), a natural quinoxaline alkaloid extracted from the root of Sophora flavescens, presents amounts of pharmacological properties including immunomodulation, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, and anti-virus. Recent studies tend to focus on its effects on neuroinflammation and neuroprotection in Parkinson’s disease (PD) due to its profound anti-inflammatory effect. In this study, the neuroprotective and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of OMT were investigated in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-stimulated mice and 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP+)-induced mice primary microglia. Additionally, mice primary neuron-microglia co-cultures and primary microglia infected with Cathepsin D (CathD)-overexpressed lentivirus were used to clarify whether the neuroprotective effect of OMT was through a CathD-dependent pathway. Results showed that OMT dose-dependently alleviated MPTP-induced motor deficits and conferred significant dopamine (DA) neuroprotection against MPTP/MPP+-induced neurotoxicity. In addition, OMT inhibited MPTP/MPP+-induced microglia activation and the pro-inflammatory cytokines release. Further, OMT down-regulated the expression of CathD, and inhibited the activation of the HMGB1/TLR4 signaling pathway as well as the nuclear translocation of NF-κB both in vivo and in vitro. It is worth noting that overexpression of CathD reversed OMT-targeted inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling and OMT-produced neuroprotection in reconstituted neuron-microglia co-cultures. Our findings indicated that OMT conferred DA neuroprotection and attenuated microglial-mediated neuroinflammation through CathD-dependent inhibition of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Our study supports a potential role for OMT in ameliorating PD, and proposes that OMT may be useful in the treatment of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Gan
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Lidong Ding
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Guihua Hang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Qiaofang Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Zhimei Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xing Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Second People's Hospital, Taizhou, China
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Nutraceuticals Targeting Generation and Oxidant Activity of Peroxynitrite May Aid Prevention and Control of Parkinson's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21103624. [PMID: 32455532 PMCID: PMC7279222 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic low-grade inflammatory process in which activated microglia generate cytotoxic factors-most prominently peroxynitrite-which induce the death and dysfunction of neighboring dopaminergic neurons. Dying neurons then release damage-associated molecular pattern proteins such as high mobility group box 1 which act on microglia via a range of receptors to amplify microglial activation. Since peroxynitrite is a key mediator in this process, it is proposed that nutraceutical measures which either suppress microglial production of peroxynitrite, or which promote the scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived oxidants, should have value for the prevention and control of PD. Peroxynitrite production can be quelled by suppressing activation of microglial NADPH oxidase-the source of its precursor superoxide-or by down-regulating the signaling pathways that promote microglial expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Phycocyanobilin of spirulina, ferulic acid, long-chain omega-3 fatty acids, good vitamin D status, promotion of hydrogen sulfide production with taurine and N-acetylcysteine, caffeine, epigallocatechin-gallate, butyrogenic dietary fiber, and probiotics may have potential for blunting microglial iNOS induction. Scavenging of peroxynitrite-derived radicals may be amplified with supplemental zinc or inosine. Astaxanthin has potential for protecting the mitochondrial respiratory chain from peroxynitrite and environmental mitochondrial toxins. Healthful programs of nutraceutical supplementation may prove to be useful and feasible in the primary prevention or slow progression of pre-existing PD. Since damage to the mitochondria in dopaminergic neurons by environmental toxins is suspected to play a role in triggering the self-sustaining inflammation that drives PD pathogenesis, there is also reason to suspect that plant-based diets of modest protein content, and possibly a corn-rich diet high in spermidine, might provide protection from PD by boosting protective mitophagy and thereby aiding efficient mitochondrial function. Low-protein diets can also promote a more even response to levodopa therapy.
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Yang J, Cao MX, Hu WY, Wei YY, Hu TJ. Sophorasubprosrate polysaccharide suppress the inflammatory reaction of RAW264.7 cells infected with PCV2 via regulation NF-κB/MAPKs/c-Jun signal pathway and histone acetylation modification. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 159:957-965. [PMID: 32442564 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulation of Sophorasubprosrate polysaccharide (SSP) on inflammatory response and histone acetylation modification of RAW264.7 cells (mouse mononuclear macrophage cell line) infected with porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2). We further explored the role of inflammatory response and histone acetylation modification on the basis of the original study. The results showed that SSP decreased the secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-6 and the intracellular iNOS, COX-2 enzyme activities and their mRNA expression levels in PCV2 infected RAW264.7 cells, but increased the level of IL-10 secretion and its mRNA expression. SSP inhibited the phosphorylation levels of proteins of p65, ERK1/2, p38 and c-Jun in RAW264.7 cells infected with PCV2. The activities of HAT and HDAC enzymes and the mRNA expression levels of HAT1 and HDAC1 were increased when the PCV2-infected RAW264.7 cells were treated by SSP. Meanwhile, the expression of acetylation modification of histones both H3 and H4 was obviously inhibited. In conclusion, SSP may reduce the acetylation levels of both H3 and H4 and activate NF-κB/MAPKs/c-Jun signaling pathway by increasing the activity of HADC enzyme and the expression of HDAC mRNA, further inhibiting inflammatory response by regulating the gene expression levels of inflammatory factors. The findings indicated that the molecular mechanism of how traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide regulates inflammatory signal pathways and inflammatory factors by regulating histone acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China; School of Life Sciences, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, PR China; Fujian Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology, Longyan University, Longyan 364000, PR China
| | - Mi-Xia Cao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Wen-Yue Hu
- School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, PR China
| | - Ying-Yi Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China
| | - Ting-Jun Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, PR China.
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Luo C, Zou L, Sun H, Peng J, Gao C, Bao L, Ji R, Jin Y, Sun S. A Review of the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Rosmarinic Acid on Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:153. [PMID: 32184728 PMCID: PMC7059186 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases are caused by abnormal immune responses and are characterized by an imbalance of inflammatory mediators and cells. In recent years, the anti-inflammatory activity of natural products has attracted wide attention. Rosmarinic acid (RosA) is a water-soluble phenolic compound that is an ester of caffeic acid and 3, 4-dihydroxyphenyl lactic acid. It is discovered in many plants, like those of the Boraginaceae and Lamiaceae families. RosA has a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti-oxidative, anti-apoptotic, anti-tumorigenic, and anti-inflammatory effects. The anti-inflammatory effects of RosA have been revealed through in vitro and in vivo studies of various inflammatory diseases like arthritis, colitis, and atopic dermatitis. This article mainly describes the preclinical research of RosA on inflammatory diseases and depicts a small amount of clinical research data. The purpose of this review is to discuss the anti-inflammatory effects of RosA in inflammatory diseases and its underlying mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxu Luo
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Lin Zou
- Department of Internal Cardiovascular, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Huijun Sun
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Cong Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Liuchi Bao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Renpeng Ji
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.,Key Laboratory for Basic and Applied Research on Pharmacodynamic Substances of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Liaoning Province, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shuangyong Sun
- Research Center of Pharmacodynamic, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research New Drug Evaluation Co., Ltd., Tianjin, China
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Paudel YN, Angelopoulou E, Semple B, Piperi C, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Potential Neuroprotective Effect of the HMGB1 Inhibitor Glycyrrhizin in Neurological Disorders. ACS Chem Neurosci 2020; 11:485-500. [PMID: 31972087 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin (glycyrrhizic acid), a bioactive triterpenoid saponin constituent of Glycyrrhiza glabra, is a traditional medicine possessing a plethora of pharmacological anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiaging properties. It is a known pharmacological inhibitor of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), a ubiquitous protein with proinflammatory cytokine-like activity. HMGB1 has been implicated in an array of inflammatory diseases when released extracellularly, mainly by activating intracellular signaling upon binding to the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). HMGB1 neutralization strategies have demonstrated disease-modifying outcomes in several preclinical models of neurological disorders. Herein, we reveal the potential neuroprotective effects of glycyrrhizin against several neurological disorders. Emerging findings demonstrate the therapeutic potential of glycyrrhizin against several HMGB1-mediated pathological conditions including traumatic brain injury, neuroinflammation and associated conditions, epileptic seizures, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and multiple sclerosis. Glycyrrhizin's effects in neurological disorders are mainly attributed to the attenuation of neuronal damage by inhibiting HMGB1 expression and translocation as well as by downregulating the expression of inflammatory cytokines. A large number of preclinical findings supports the notion that glycyrrhizin might be a promising therapeutic alternative to overcome the shortcomings of the mainstream therapeutic strategies against neurological disorders, mainly by halting disease progression. However, future research is warranted for a deeper exploration of the precise underlying molecular mechanism as well as for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yam Nath Paudel
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| | - Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Bridgette Semple
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3800, Australia
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Christina Piperi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 11527, Greece
| | - Iekhsan Othman
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Selangor 46150, Malaysia
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