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Tausif YM, Thekkekkara D, Sai TE, Jahagirdar V, Arjun HR, Meheronnisha SK, Babu A, Banerjee A. Heat shock protein paradigms in cancer progression: future therapeutic perspectives. 3 Biotech 2024; 14:96. [PMID: 38449709 PMCID: PMC10912419 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-024-03951-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Heat-shock proteins (HSPs), also known as stress proteins, are ubiquitously present in all forms of life. They play pivotal roles in protein folding and unfolding, the formation of multiprotein complexes, the transportation and sorting of proteins into their designated subcellular compartments, the regulation of the cell cycle, and signalling processes. These HSPs encompass HSP27, HSP40, HSP70, HSP60, and HSP90, each contributing to various cellular functions. In the context of cancer, HSPs exert influence by either inhibiting or activating diverse signalling pathways, thereby impacting growth, differentiation, and cell division. This article offers an extensive exploration of the functions of HSPs within the realms of pharmacology and cancer biology. HSPs are believed to play substantial roles in the mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of cancer. They hold promise as valuable clinical markers for cancer diagnosis, potential targets for therapeutic interventions, and indicators of disease progression. In times of cellular stress, HSPs function as molecular chaperones, safeguarding the structural and functional integrity of proteins and aiding in their proper folding. Moreover, HSPs play a crucial role in cancer growth, by regulating processes such as angiogenesis, cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Mohammed Tausif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570 015 India
| | - Dithu Thekkekkara
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570 015 India
| | - Thummuru Ekshita Sai
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570 015 India
| | - Vaishnavi Jahagirdar
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570 015 India
| | - H. R. Arjun
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570 015 India
| | - S. K. Meheronnisha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570 015 India
| | - Amrita Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570 015 India
| | - Aniruddha Banerjee
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education & Research, Mysore, Karnataka 570 015 India
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Meheronnisha SK, Thekkekkara D, Babu A, Tausif YM, Manjula SN. Novel therapeutic targets to halt the progression of Parkinson's disease: an in-depth review on molecular signalling cascades. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:218. [PMID: 37265542 PMCID: PMC10229523 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03637-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent research has focused mostly on understanding and combating the neurodegenerative mechanisms and symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). Moreover, developing novel therapeutic targets to halt the progression of PD remains a key focus for researchers. As yet, no agents have been found to have unambiguous evidence of disease-modifying actions in PD. The primary objective of this review is to summarize the promising targets that have recently been uncovered which include histamine 4 receptors, beta2 adrenergic receptor, phosphodiesterase 4, sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor subtype 1, angiotensin receptors, high-mobility group box 1, rabphilin-3A, purinergic 2Y type 12 receptor, colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor, transient receptor potential vanilloid 4, alanine-serine-cysteine transporter 2, G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor, a mitochondrial antiviral signalling protein, glucocerebrosidase, indolamine-2,3-dioxygenase-1, soluble epoxy hydroxylase and dual specificity phosphatase 6. We have also reviewed the molecular signalling cascades of those novel targets which cause the initiation and progression of PD and gathered some emerging disease-modifying agents that could slow the progression of PD. These approaches will assist in the discovery of novel target molecules, for curing disease symptoms and may provide a glimmer of hope for the treatment of PD. As of now, there is no drug available that will completely prevent the progression of PD by inhibiting the pathogenesis involved in PD, and thus, the newer targets and their inhibitors or activators are the major focus for researchers to suppress PD symptomatology. And the major limitations of these targets are the lack of clinical data and less number pre-clinical data, as we have majorly discussed the different targets which all have well reported for other disease pathogenesis. Thus, finding the disease-drug interactions, the molecular mechanisms, and the major side effects will be major challenges for the researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. K. Meheronnisha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Dithu Thekkekkara
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Amrita Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - Y. Mohammed Tausif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
| | - S. N. Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSSAHER, SS Nagar, Mysore, Karnataka 570015 India
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Rocchini M, Garrett PE, Zielińska M, Lenzi SM, Dao DD, Nowacki F, Bildstein V, MacLean AD, Olaizola B, Ahmed ZT, Andreoiu C, Babu A, Ball GC, Bhattacharjee SS, Bidaman H, Cheng C, Coleman R, Dillmann I, Garnsworthy AB, Gillespie S, Griffin CJ, Grinyer GF, Hackman G, Hanley M, Illana A, Jones S, Laffoley AT, Leach KG, Lubna RS, McAfee J, Natzke C, Pannu S, Paxman C, Porzio C, Radich AJ, Rajabali MM, Sarazin F, Schwarz K, Shadrick S, Sharma S, Suh J, Svensson CE, Yates D, Zidar T. First Evidence of Axial Shape Asymmetry and Configuration Coexistence in ^{74}Zn: Suggestion for a Northern Extension of the N=40 Island of Inversion. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:122502. [PMID: 37027859 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.122502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The excited states of N=44 ^{74}Zn were investigated via γ-ray spectroscopy following ^{74}Cu β decay. By exploiting γ-γ angular correlation analysis, the 2_{2}^{+}, 3_{1}^{+}, 0_{2}^{+}, and 2_{3}^{+} states in ^{74}Zn were firmly established. The γ-ray branching and E2/M1 mixing ratios for transitions deexciting the 2_{2}^{+}, 3_{1}^{+}, and 2_{3}^{+} states were measured, allowing for the extraction of relative B(E2) values. In particular, the 2_{3}^{+}→0_{2}^{+} and 2_{3}^{+}→4_{1}^{+} transitions were observed for the first time. The results show excellent agreement with new microscopic large-scale shell-model calculations, and are discussed in terms of underlying shapes, as well as the role of neutron excitations across the N=40 gap. Enhanced axial shape asymmetry (triaxiality) is suggested to characterize ^{74}Zn in its ground state. Furthermore, an excited K=0 band with a significantly larger softness in its shape is identified. A shore of the N=40 "island of inversion" appears to manifest above Z=26, previously thought as its northern limit in the chart of the nuclides.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rocchini
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - P E Garrett
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - M Zielińska
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S M Lenzi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Padova, I-35122 Padova, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy
| | - D D Dao
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - F Nowacki
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, F-67000 Strasbourg, France
| | - V Bildstein
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - A D MacLean
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | | | - Z T Ahmed
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - C Andreoiu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, V5A 1S6 Burnaby, Canada
| | - A Babu
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
| | - G C Ball
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - H Bidaman
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - C Cheng
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
| | - R Coleman
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - I Dillmann
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, V8P 5C2 Victoria, Canada
| | | | | | | | - G F Grinyer
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, S4S 0A2 Regina, Canada
| | | | - M Hanley
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - A Illana
- Accelerator Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - S Jones
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - A T Laffoley
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - K G Leach
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | | | - J McAfee
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - C Natzke
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - S Pannu
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - C Paxman
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, GU2 7XH Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - C Porzio
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
- INFN Sezione di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - A J Radich
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - M M Rajabali
- Physics Department, Tennessee Technological University, Cookeville, Tennessee 38505, USA
| | - F Sarazin
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | | | - S Shadrick
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, S4S 0A2 Regina, Canada
| | - J Suh
- Department of Physics, University of Regina, S4S 0A2 Regina, Canada
| | - C E Svensson
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
| | - D Yates
- TRIUMF, V6T 2A3 Vancouver, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, V6T 1Z4 Vancouver, Canada
| | - T Zidar
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, N1G 2W1 Guelph, Canada
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Kondaveeti SN, Thekkekkara D, T LN, Manjula SN, Tausif YM, Babu A, Meheronnisha SK. A Deep Insight into the Correlation Between Gut Dysbiosis and Alzheimer’s Amyloidopathy. J Pharmacol Pharmacother 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/0976500x221150310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent research has shown a strong correlation between gut dysbiosis and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Purpose To investigate the relationship between gut dysbiosis, immune system activation, and the onset of AD and to examine current breakthroughs in microbiota-targeted AD therapeutics. Methods A review of scientific literature was conducted to assess the correlation between gut dysbiosis and AD and the various factors associated. Results Gut dysbiosis produces an increase in harmful substances, such as bacterial amyloids, which makes the gut barrier and blood-brain barrier more permeable. This leads to the stimulation of immunological responses and an increase in cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β). As a result, gut dysbiosis accelerates the progression of AD. Conclusion The review highlights the connection between gut dysbiosis and AD and the potential for microbiota-targeted therapies in AD treatment. Pictorial Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dithu Thekkekkara
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Lakshmi Narayanan T
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - S. N. Manjula
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Y Mohammed Tausif
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - Amrita Babu
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
| | - SK Meheronnisha
- Department of Pharmacology, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research, Mysuru, India
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Kaliamurthi P, Karunya J, Sathyamurthy A, John NO, Ram T, Babu A, Jacob A, Megalai M. Prehabilitation in Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer Patients Receiving Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2022.07.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Babu A. New product intros [desidustat, difamilast, mitapivat sulfate (first-in-class), mosunetuzumab (first-in-class), olipudase alfa]. Drugs Today (Barc) 2022. [DOI: 10.1358/dot.2022.58.8.3459805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Babu A, Eden N, Meng Z, Lamb D, Bhatia R, Voon V. Can echocardiographic parameters predict mortality in COVID-19? Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), otherwise known as the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic presents one of the greatest medical challenges of our generation. Whilst commonly causing a viral pneumonitis, myocardial damage has also been suggested by elevated serum troponin values greater than the 99th centile in up to 30% of individuals who require hospitalisation and correlates with increased mortality.
Purpose
We aim to identify whether transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) parameters can elucidate the phenomenon of abnormal troponin levels. Furthermore, we seek to characterise the most frequent demographic, biochemical, echocardiographic features and co-morbidities associated with adverse outcomes in this cohort.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted utilising electronic patient records of consecutive hospitalised patients with a positive COVID-19 swab between 1st March and 31st October 2020 who underwent a TTE at our institution. Pertinent variables were collected including: the clinical indication, demographics including cardiovascular (CV) risk factors, peak troponin values and fundamental echocardiographic parameters.
Results
During this 8-month period, a total of 90 patients underwent a TTE. The mean age of the cohort was 63 years of age and 56% were male. More than half (56.6%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). A salient 41.1% (n=37) of our cohort succumbed to this devastating virus. Notably, 38.9% (n=35) were of black and minority ethnic origin (BAME). A striking 64.9% (n=24) of patients who died had hypertension. The mean troponin levels were 168.7 ng/L and 176.6 ng/L (0–34 ng/L) in the survivors and non-survivors group respectively. With regards to TTE, the left ventricular parameters were similar between both groups with a mean left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of 60.6% in the non-survivors. Conversely, both right ventricular (RV) dysfunction (37.8%) and raised pulmonary artery systolic pressures (PASP) (51.4%) were markedly more frequent in the patients who perished due to COVID-19 infection.
Conclusion
Remarkably, in this extremely ill group of patients who died, 91.9% of patients had a preserved LVEF. There were no overt differences between troponin levels in the survivors and non-survivors. However, hypertension, RV dysfunction and raised PASP were distinctly more prominent in the non-survivors. Thus, providing insight that a normally functioning left ventricle does not preclude to poor outcomes. Overall, this single-centre retrospective study demonstrates that the echocardiographic phenotype associated with mortality is consistent with a severe respiratory illness rather than direct myocardial injury from COVID-19. A multi-modality imaging approach may facilitate the identification of adverse tissue characterisation changes associated with this novel virus as well as guiding further risk stratification and patient management on a case-by-case basis.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: None.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Babu
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - N Eden
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Z Meng
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - D Lamb
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Bhatia
- St George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cardiology, London, United Kingdom
| | - V Voon
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Introduction
Aortic dilatation is most commonly associated with hypertension, bicuspid aortic valve and connective tissue diseases such as Marfan’s. It is a precursor to life threatening complications such as rupture or dissection of the aorta. The current ESC Guidelines recommend surgical intervention once the aortic diameter is >50 mm in patients with Marfan syndrome (Ic) and >55 mm in patients with a bicuspid or normal aortic valve morphology (IIb). There is currently a lack of literature on the prevalence of aortic dilatation in the general or even hospital population although there is historical data suggesting the incidence of thoracic aortic aneurysm to be 5.9 cases per 100,000.
Purpose
The aim is to investigate the prevalence of aortic dilatation by echocardiography in our hospital population which may help lay the foundation for population studies and identify prognostic factors which may determine the time of surgical intervention.
Methods
We carried out a retrospective survey using the digital echocardiogram archive and the electronic patient record system at our hospital. This survey covered the period between 1st October 2016 and 1st November 2018. For randomisation purposes, all transthoracic echocardiograms (TTE) performed on every Thursday during this period were included. All patients with an echocardiographic report of aortic root or ascending aorta dilatation were enrolled. Other information including echocardiographic dimensions along with demographics and past medical history was collected.
Results
During this 24-month period, we analysed a total of 3019 TTEs. 209 patients (6.9%) were reported to have aortic dilatation. 137 (66%) were male and the median age was 67 years. The mean height and weight were 169cm and 80kg, respectively. A bicuspid aortic valve was confirmed in 10 (4.8%) patients. 132 (63%) patients had a history of hypertension. On echocardiogram, 75 (36%) patients had septal hypertrophy and 26 (12.4%) had a dilated left ventricle.
Conclusion
Our findings are unique and for the first time, to our knowledge, we report the echocardiographic prevalence of aortic dilatation in the hospital population (6.9%). It is a staggering 40-fold increase when compared to the the prevalence of aortic aneurysm, the most likely end point of aortic dilatation. Based on our figures, there would be at least 400 patients with a dilated aorta in a year in our hospital alone. The prevalence of bicuspid aortic valve in our cohort (4.8%) was nearly three times higher than the general population where it is quoted as 1-2%. Our study also emphasised the established link between hypertension and aortic dilatation with an increased frequency in our cohort (63%) compared to the global prevalence (31%). Given the devastating sequelae of aortic dilatation and its increased prevalence in our patient population, it will be very important to keep these patients under routine surveillance and particularly those with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Babu
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - Z Meng
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - O Oji
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - TJ Bowker
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - HB Xiao
- Homerton University Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Babu A. New product intros [Ad5-nCoV, COVID-19 inactivated vaccine (WIV04 strain), Ebola virus vaccine (rVSV-EBOV, live), JNJ-78436735, lonafarnib, margetuximab, romiplostim (new indication), tenapanor (first-in-class), tirbanibulin, tocilizumab (new indication), trilaciclib hydrochloride, ZF-2001]. Drugs Today (Barc) 2021. [DOI: 10.1358/dot.2021.57.4.3295638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Ayyad Y, Olaizola B, Mittig W, Potel G, Zelevinsky V, Horoi M, Beceiro-Novo S, Alcorta M, Andreoiu C, Ahn T, Anholm M, Atar L, Babu A, Bazin D, Bernier N, Bhattacharjee SS, Bowry M, Caballero-Folch R, Cortesi M, Dalitz C, Dunling E, Garnsworthy AB, Holl M, Kootte B, Leach KG, Randhawa JS, Saito Y, Santamaria C, Šiurytė P, Svensson CE, Umashankar R, Watwood N, Yates D. Erratum: Direct Observation of Proton Emission in ^{11}Be [Phys. Rev. Lett. 123, 082501 (2019)]. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:129902. [PMID: 32281850 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.129902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.123.082501.
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11
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Santiago de Araujo Pio C, Beckie T, Varnfield M, Sarrafzadegan N, Babu A, Baidya S, Buckley J, Chen S, Gagliardi A, Heine M, Khiong JS, Mola A, Radi B, Pola MS, Trani MR, Abreu A, Sawdon J, Moffatt P, Grace S. PROMOTING PATIENT UTILIZATION OF OUTPATIENT CARDIAC REHABILITATION: A JOINT INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL AND CANADIAN ASSOCIATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR PREVENTION AND REHABILITATION POSITION STATEMENT. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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12
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Ayyad Y, Olaizola B, Mittig W, Potel G, Zelevinsky V, Horoi M, Beceiro-Novo S, Alcorta M, Andreoiu C, Ahn T, Anholm M, Atar L, Babu A, Bazin D, Bernier N, Bhattacharjee SS, Bowry M, Caballero-Folch R, Cortesi M, Dalitz C, Dunling E, Garnsworthy AB, Holl M, Kootte B, Leach KG, Randhawa JS, Saito Y, Santamaria C, Šiurytė P, Svensson CE, Umashankar R, Watwood N, Yates D. Direct Observation of Proton Emission in ^{11}Be. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:082501. [PMID: 31491233 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.082501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The elusive β^{-}p^{+} decay was observed in ^{11}Be by directly measuring the emitted protons and their energy distribution for the first time with the prototype Active Target Time Projection Chamber in an experiment performed at ISAC-TRIUMF. The measured β^{-}p^{+} branching ratio is orders of magnitude larger than any previous theoretical model predicted. This can be explained by the presence of a narrow resonance in ^{11}B above the proton separation energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Ayyad
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - B Olaizola
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - W Mittig
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - G Potel
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - V Zelevinsky
- Facility for Rare Isotope Beams, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Horoi
- Department of Physics, Central Michigan University, Mount Pleasant, Michigan 48859, USA
| | - S Beceiro-Novo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - M Alcorta
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - C Andreoiu
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - T Ahn
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
| | - M Anholm
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - L Atar
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A Babu
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - D Bazin
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - N Bernier
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - S S Bhattacharjee
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Bowry
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Caballero-Folch
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Cortesi
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - C Dalitz
- Niederrhein University of Applied Sciences, Institute for Pattern Recognition Reinarzstrasse 49, 47805 Krefeld, Germany
| | - E Dunling
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - A B Garnsworthy
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Holl
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Astronomy and Physics, Saint Marys University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - B Kootte
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2, Canada
| | - K G Leach
- Department of Physics, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, USA
| | - J S Randhawa
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - Y Saito
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - C Santamaria
- Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - P Šiurytė
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - C E Svensson
- Department of Physics, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Umashankar
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Watwood
- National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - D Yates
- TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z4, Canada
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Hilmy M, Babu A, Mlmitwalli A, Vissamsetti B. [48] The role of penile rehabilitation for Peyronie’s disease, does it really work? Arab J Urol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aju.2018.10.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Babu
- York Teaching Hospital, York, UK
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14
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Pickup LC, Aziz A, Gaffey T, Fyaaz S, Babu A, Marshall H, Hudsmith L, De Bono J. P710Catheter ablation of atrial tachyarrhythmia in the fontan circulation. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy564.p710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L C Pickup
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Adult Congential Heart Disease, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Aziz
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Adult Congential Heart Disease, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - T Gaffey
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Adult Congential Heart Disease, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Fyaaz
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Adult Congential Heart Disease, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A Babu
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Adult Congential Heart Disease, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - H Marshall
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Electrophysiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - L Hudsmith
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Adult Congential Heart Disease, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - J De Bono
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Electrophysiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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15
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Al-Tawil K, Babu A, Loeffler M, Williams T. Second generation cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis and Clostridium difficile infection in hip and knee arthroplasty. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2017; 99:351-354. [PMID: 28462657 PMCID: PMC5449700 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The use of broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotics has been discouraged by the Department of Health in England because of the link to increased Clostridium difficile infection rates. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether a local protocol that included the use of second generation cephalosporin (cefuroxime) antibiotics as a prophylactic agent was associated with increased risk of C difficile in elective hip and knee arthroplasty patients. Methods A retrospective intention-to-treat study was conducted. An infection control database of all cases of C difficile infection both in hospital and in the community was reviewed and cross-referenced against surgical records. A positive correlation was identified when a C difficile positive sample was documented within eight weeks of arthroplasty surgery. Results Only 1 case (0.02%) of C difficile positive diarrhoea was identified that correlated to the 8-week postoperative period following 4,488 arthroplasty procedures. Conclusions The use of cephalosporin antibiotic prophylaxis in the elective hip and knee arthroplasty setting does not appear to be associated with increased C difficile infection rates, achieving surgical site infection rates that are comparable with the national average.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Al-Tawil
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Babu
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - M Loeffler
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - T Williams
- Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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16
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Zanotti G, Reece T, Fullerton D, Cleveland J, Babu A. A Novel Technique of Temporary Right Ventricular Assist Device (RVAD) Placement During Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Implant to Allow Early Ambulation and Bedside Percutaneous Removal. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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17
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Muniraju M, Mahapatra M, Ayelet G, Babu A, Olivier G, Munir M, Libeau G, Batten C, Banyard AC, Parida S. Emergence of Lineage IV Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus in Ethiopia: Complete Genome Sequence of an Ethiopian Isolate 2010. Transbound Emerg Dis 2014; 63:435-42. [PMID: 25400010 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Isolates of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) can be segregated genetically into four lineages. For decades, lineages I-III have been reported across Africa whilst lineage IV has predominantly circulated across Asia. However, the lineage distribution is currently changing in Africa. Importantly, full genome sequence data for African field isolates have been lacking. Here, we announce the first complete genome sequence of a field isolate of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) from East Africa. This isolate was derived from the intestine of a goat suffering from severe clinical disease during the 2010 outbreak in Ethiopia. The full genome sequence of this isolate, PPRV Ethiopia/2010, clusters genetically with other lineage IV isolates of PPRV, sharing high levels of sequence identity across the genome. Further, we have carried out a phylogenetic analysis of all of the available African partial N gene and F gene PPRV sequences to investigate the epidemiology of PPRV with a focus on the emergence of different lineages of PPRV in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Muniraju
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - M Mahapatra
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - G Ayelet
- National Veterinary Institute, Debre Zeit, Ethiopia
| | - A Babu
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - G Olivier
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - M Munir
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - G Libeau
- CIRAD, UMR CMAEE, Montpellier, France.,INRA, UMR 1309 CMAEE, Montpellier, France
| | - C Batten
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
| | - A C Banyard
- Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, Weybridge, Surrey, UK
| | - S Parida
- The Pirbright Institute, Pirbright, Woking, Surrey, UK
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18
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Mouzaki M, Yap J, Avinashi V, Babu A, Fu A, Deangelis M, Van Roestel K, Ghanekar A, Kamath B, Avitzur Y, Fecteau A, Jones N, Ling S, Grant D, Ng V. Basiliximab with delayed introduction of calcineurin inhibitors as a renal-sparing protocol following liver transplantation in children with renal impairment. Pediatr Transplant 2013; 17:751-6. [PMID: 24118898 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Renal impairment is frequently compromised in patients with end-stage liver disease and is associated with increased long-term mortality post-LT. In contrast to CNI, basiliximab is an immunosuppressive agent with minimal nephrotoxic potential. This study reviews the experience of a single pediatric liver transplant center's renal-sparing approach with the use of basiliximab and MMF to compensate for delayed entry of CNI in children with renal impairment at the time of organ availability. There were no differences in renal function between pediatric patients with and without pre-LT renal impairment within the first year (cGFR: 135 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 144 mL/min/1.73 m2 ; p = 0.56) or at 5-8 yr following LT, (129 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 130 mL/min/1.73 m2 ; p = 0.97). In addition, there was no difference in ACR rates (50% vs. 43%, p = 0.62) between patients in the basiliximab group and those patients receiving standard CNI and steroid strategies. The utilization of a renal-sparing approach with basiliximab alongside delayed entry and lower early target trough levels of CNI in children with renal impairment at the time of LT is safe and maintains excellent long-term kidney function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mouzaki
- SickKids Transplant Centre, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Canagliflozin, an oral inhibitor of sodium/glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) in the kidneys, leads to glucosuria and provides a unique mechanism to lower blood glucose levels in diabetes. It corrects a novel pathophysiological defect, has an insulin-independent action, reduces HbA1c by 0.5 to 1.1%, promotes weight loss, has a low incidence of hypoglycemia, complements the action of other antidiabetic agents, can be used at any stage of diabetes and appears to be safe in patients with compromised renal function. Due to side effects such as urinary tract and genital infections and decrease in blood pressure, proper patient selection for drug initiation and close monitoring will be important. Results of ongoing cardiovascular safety trials are important to determine the risk-benefit ratio. Canagliflozin is the first oral SGLT2 inhibitor approved in the U.S. market and it represents a promising approach for the treatment of diabetes in this era of increasing obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Babu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, John Stroger Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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21
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Gerakis A, Halapas A, Chrissoheris M, Giatras I, Andritsou R, Nikolaou I, Bouboulis N, Pattakos E, Spargias K, Kalaitzidis R, Karasavvidou D, Pappas K, Katatsis G, Tatsioni A, Siamopoulos K, de Borst MH, Hajhosseiny R, Tamez H, Wenger J, Thadhani R, Goldsmith DJ, Zanoli L, Rastelli S, Marcantoni C, Blanco J, Tamburino C, Castellino P, Larsen T, Jensen J, Bech J, Pedersen E, Mose F, Leckstrom D, Bhuvanakrishna T, McGrath A, Goldsmith D, Muras K, Masajtis-Zagajewska A, Nowicki M, Rayner HC, Baharani J, Smith S, Suresh V, Dasgupta I, Karasavvidou D, Kalaitzidis R, Zarzoulas F, Balafa O, Tatsioni A, Siamopoulos K, Di Lullo L, Floccari F, Rivera R, Gorini A, Malaguti M, Barbera V, Granata A, Santoboni A, Luczak M, Formanowicz D, Pawliczak E, Wanic-Kossowska M, Koziol L, Figlerowicz M, Bommer J, Fliser M, Roth P, Saure D, Vettoretti S, Alfieri C, Floreani R, Regalia A, Bonanomi C, Meazza R, Magrini F, Messa P, Jankowski V, Zidek W, Joachim J, Lee K, Hwang IH, Lee SB, Lee DW, Kim IY, Kwak IS, Seong EY, Shin MJ, Rhee H, Yang BY, Dattolo P, Michelassi S, Sisca S, Allinovi M, Amidone M, Mehmetaj A, Pizzarelli F, Filiopoulos V, Manolios N, Hadjiyannakos D, Arvanitis D, Panagiotopoulos K, Vlassopoulos D, Kim JS, Han BG, Choi SO, Yang JW, Shojai S, Babu A, Boddana P, Dipankar D, Alvarado R, Garcia-Pino G, Ruiz-Donoso E, Chavez E, Luna E, Caravaca F, Geiger H, Buttner S, Lv LL, Cao Y, Zheng M, Liu BC, Kouvelos GN, Raikou VD, Arnaoutoglou EM, Milionis HJ, Boletis JN, Matsagkas MI, Raiola I, Trepiccione F, Pluvio M, Raiola R, Capasso G, Kaykov I, Kukoleva L, Zverkov R, Smirnov A, Hammami S, Frih A, Hajem S, Hammami M, Wan L. Pathophysiology and clinical studies in CKD 1-5. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gft133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Abstract
We report a case of 68-year-old Caucasian man who presented with cerebral infarcts secondary to arterial thrombosis associated with nephrotic syndrome. His initial presentation included edema of legs, left hemiparesis, and right-sided cerebellar signs. Investigations with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging of brain showed multiple cerebral infarcts in middle cerebral and posterior cerebral artery territory. Blood and urine investigations also showed impaired renal function, hypercholesterolemia, hypoalbuminaemia, and nephrotic range proteinuria. Renal biopsy showed minimal change disease. Cerebral infarcts were treated with antiplatelet agents and nephrotic syndrome was treated with high dose steroids. Patient responded well to the treatment and is all well till date.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Babu
- Department of Nephrology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, GL1 3NN, England, UK ; Department of Pathology, Gloucestershire Royal Hospital, Gloucester, GL1 3NN, England, UK
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Adaikalaraj G, Patric RD, Johnson M, Janakiraman N, Babu A. Antibacterial potential of selected red seaweeds from Manapad coastal areas, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, India. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(12)60364-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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24
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George AT, Babu A, Davis J. Traumatic rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon associated with chronic tibialis posterior dysfunction. Foot Ankle Surg 2009; 15:46-52. [PMID: 19218066 DOI: 10.1016/j.fas.2008.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2007] [Revised: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 04/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Isolated rupture of the tibialis anterior and tibialis posterior tendon is uncommon with approximately 25 cases reported in the English literature. Rupture of the tibialis anterior in the presence of chronic tibialis posterior dysfunction has not been reported to date. We present a patient with a closed traumatic rupture of the tibialis anterior tendon which occurred on a background of a pre-existing tibialis posterior dysfunction which was being treated non-operatively and discuss the successful operative management that was performed to reconstruct both tendons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T George
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Torbay Hospital, Devon, United Kingdom.
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25
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Barton M, Phongsamart W, Matlow A, Babu A, Richardson S. P157 Quantifying the burden of MRSA at a Canadian pediatric center. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-8579(09)70376-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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26
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Sachin JP, Selvasundaram R, Babu A, Muraleedharan N. Behavioral and electroantennographic responses of the tea mosquito, Helopeltis theivora, to female sex pheromones. Environ Entomol 2008; 37:1416-1421. [PMID: 19161684 DOI: 10.1603/0046-225x-37.6.1416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Responses of the tea mosquito, Helopeltis theivora (Waterhouse) (Hemiptera: Miridae), a major pest of tea, to female sex pheromone compounds were measured using wind tunnel and electroantennogram (EAG) bioassays. In the wind tunnel, male tea mosquitoes were found to be most attracted to a dichloromethane extract of the female thorax. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of female thoracic extracts and dynamic head space samples of virgin females showed the presence of five compounds: (Z)-3 hexenyl acetate, (Z)-3 hexenyl butanoate, (E)-2 hexenyl pentanoate, 2,4 dimethyl pentanal, and (E)-2-hexenol. Male tea mosquitoes were attracted to blends of (Z)-3 hexenyl acetate and (E)-2-hexenol in the wind tunnel with a 1:5 ratio eliciting the greatest response. EAG recordings of male antenna confirmed the ability of this blend to evoke antennal responses in male insects. Similarly active EAG responses were recorded toward female thoracic extract and a blend of (Z)-3 hexenyl acetate and (E)-2-hexenol. Behavioral responses of adult males are mediated by a blend of volatile female sex pheromone compounds, (Z)-3 hexenyl acetate and (E)-2-hexenol, at a ratio of 1:5. This female sex pheromone blend may be useful for tea mosquito control and management programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- James P Sachin
- Division of Entomology, UPASI Tea Research Foundation, Tea Research Institute, Nirar Dam, BPO, Valparai 642 127, Coimbatore Dist, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Prasad PVS, Babu A, Kaviarasan PK, Viswanathan P, Tippoo R. MDT-MB therapy in paucibacillary leprosy: a clinicopathological assessment. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2006; 71:242-5. [PMID: 16394431 DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.16614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The World Health Organization recommends treatment regimens for paucibacillary (PB) and multibacillary (MB) leprosy, which differ in their duration and components. Hence accurate classification of the disease is required. To overcome difficulties in classification Uniform Multi Drug Therapy (U-MDT) has been recommended. AIM To evaluate the benefit of adding clofazimine to paucibacillary regimens in leprosy patients by measuring clinical and histological resolution. METHODS Forty-four paucibacillary patients were included in the study. Twenty-two patients were given MDT-PB regimen and the remaining MDT-MB regimen for six months . Skin biopsies were done before the commencement and at the end of treatment. Clinical and histological resolutions were measured according to the standard criteria a laid down. The results were analyzed using Fishers' test and Crammers' V test. RESULTS Clinical improvement was observed in 90.9% in the MB group as compared to 27.3% in the PB group. Regression in the nerve swelling was observed in 70% in the MB group and in 37.5% in the PB group while histological resolution was observed in 72.8% and 54.5% respectively. CONCLUSIONS Addition of clofazimine helps to resolve leprosy lesions both clinically and histologically, thus justifying the concept of Uniform MDT regimen for all patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V S Prasad
- Department of Dermatology, Rajah Muthiah Medical College Hospital Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Babu A, Murakawa T, Kerklo M, Zamora M, Grover F, Fullerton D, Nicolls M. Alloimmune injury for 7 days or more results in irreversible fibrosis in murine orthotopic tracheal transplant. J Surg Res 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2005.11.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mestan M, Babu A, Kvasnicka J, Tauchman M, Tusl Z, Rejchrt P. 511 AV interval optimalization by using finger pulse oximetry signal amplitude changes in sequentially paced patients. Europace 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/eupace/7.supplement_1.155-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Mestan
- Chlumec nad Cidlinou, Czech Republic
| | - A. Babu
- Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - J. Kvasnicka
- Charles University, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - M. Tauchman
- Faculty Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Z. Tusl
- Faculty Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - P. Rejchrt
- Faculty Hospital, Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Velinov M, Kupferman J, Gu H, Macera MJ, Babu A, Jenkins EC, Kupchik G. Polycystic kidneys and del (4)(q21.1q21.3): further delineation of a distinct phenotype. Eur J Med Genet 2005; 48:51-5. [PMID: 15953406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2005.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2004] [Accepted: 07/29/2004] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
A three year-old boy was evaluated because of growth and developmental delay, hypotonia and dysmorphic features. G-banding analysis revealed a small interstitial deletion of the long arm of chromosome four described as 46,XY,del (4)(q21.1q21.3). This patient's findings on physical exam included relative macrocephaly, frontal bossing, short fingers with clinodactyly and were consistent with the phenotypes of previously reported deletions involving the 4q21--> 4q22 band region (Am. J. Med. Genet. 68 (1997) 400-405). To date there are 10 reported live-born cases with such deletions and similar features. The case reported here delimits a minimal critical region for this phenotype to chromosomal region 4q21. Our patient was also found to have cysts in both his kidneys. The gene for type II polycystic kidney disease (PKD2) has been mapped to chromosomal region 4q21--> 4q23. FISH analysis, with a probe including the PKD2 gene, demonstrated hemizygosity at this locus. Thus the absence of one of the PKD2 alleles in the case reported here is associated with early bilateral cyst development. Kidney ultrasound/autopsy studies were reported in seven of the patients with the characteristic phenotype, and were positive for cysts in four cases including the one presented here (Clin. Genet. 31 (1987) 199-205; Am. J. Med. Genet. 68 (1997) 400-405; Am. J. Med. Genet. 40 (1991) 77-790. Our report supports the presence of a distinct phenotype associated with a deleted chromosomal region within 4q21. Hemizygosity for the PKD2 gene is likely in such deletions and may lead to renal cyst formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Velinov
- Department of Cytogenetics, NYS Institute for Basic Research in Developmental Disabilities, 1050 Forest Hill Road, Staten Island, New York, 10314 NY, USA.
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Babu A, Hern A, Dorn S. Sources of semiochemicals mediating host finding in Callosobruchus chinensis (Coleoptera: Bruchidae). Bull Entomol Res 2003; 93:187-192. [PMID: 12762860 DOI: 10.1079/ber2003231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Bruchid pests such as Callosobruchus chinensis (Linnaeus) endanger stored legume seeds throughout the tropical belt. The chemical composition of the headspace volatiles from healthy and fourth instar larvae-infested cowpea seeds were identified, characterized, and compared using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Y-tube olfactometer bioassays were performed to evaluate the effect of these chemicals on the orientation of conspecific adult females. Analysis of volatiles released from healthy and infested seeds revealed qualitative differences for three out of the 17 compounds identified. Dimethyl disulphide, isobutenyl methyl ketone and methyl trisulphide were found only in the blend emitted from infested but not from healthy seeds. Quantitative differences were apparent for tridecane which was released in larger amounts from infested seeds. While volatiles collected from healthy seeds were attractive to female bruchids, volatiles collected from infested seeds were repellent. To test the hypothesis that the qualitative differences in the chemical composition found may be due to insect-derived components, the volatiles from frass and fourth instar larvae combined were analysed. These volatiles contained both of the sulphides emitted from infested seed but not from healthy seeds. Although a limited induction of volatiles from cowpea seeds cannot be excluded, it is postulated that behavioural differences of the female weevils are largely due to insect-derived semiochemicals. The potential use of such semiochemicals as part of an integrated pest management strategy is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Babu
- Institute of Plant Sciences, Applied Entomology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Clausiusstrasse 25/NW, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
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Prasad PVS, Babu A, Paul EK, Balasubramaniyan S. Myxoedema pellagra--a report of two cases. J Assoc Physicians India 2003; 51:421-2. [PMID: 12723666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
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Kvasnicka J, Tusl Z, Ceral J, Babu A. [The signal-averaged ECG in long-term monitoring of patients with fulminant myocarditis]. Vnitr Lek 2002; 48 Suppl 1:213-5. [PMID: 12744050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
A case of a 24 year-old patient with fulminant myocarditis is described. The lymphocytic myocarditis was proved by endocardial biopsy. The patient had been followed for 15 months clinically, by transthoracic ultrasound and by the signal averaged ECG. The clinical and ultrasound parameters of the left ventricular systolic dysfunction subsided within 6 months, STT changes on the routine 12-lead ECG within 2 months. On the signal-averaged ECG, changes were observed in both the time and in the frequency domain. When the results of the initial examination (6 weeks after the beginning of the disease) were compared with the examination at the 7th month of the disease there was a prolongation of the QRS duration (from 95 ms to 104 ms), prolongation of the duration of the filtered ECG below 40 microV (from 21.5 to 36.2 microV) and the decrease of the total sum of the potential in the terminal part of the QRS. Most apparent was the decrease in the total sum of the high-frequency components (filter 70-250 Hz) of the QRS (RMSt: from 53.3 microV to 37.9 microV at the same noise level). In contrast to the changes in the time domain parameters there was no tendency in improvement of the RMSt. In patients with myocarditis the signal averaged ECG may prove to be a suitable tool for the long-term follow-up of the subclinical structural abnormalities of the left ventricular wall.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kvasnicka
- I. interní klinika Lékarské fakulty UK a FN, Hradec Králové
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Kajzr J, Ceral J, Pleskot M, Kvasnicka J, Babu A. [Dysfunction of a valve prosthesis]. Vnitr Lek 2002; 48:53-5. [PMID: 11852589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe the case of a haemodynamically unstable patient with dysfunction of a valvular prosthesis which was resolved by emergency surgery. In the discussion they deal with two basic causes of these dysfunctions and their possible solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kajzr
- I. interní klinika FN, Hradec Králové
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Bright AA, Babu A, Ignacimuth S, Dorn S. Efficacy of crude extracts of Andrographis paniculata nees. on Callosobruchus chinensis L. during post harvest storage of cowpea. Indian J Exp Biol 2001; 39:715-8. [PMID: 12019768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Bioefficacy of different solvent fractions of A. paniculata was tested against the cowpea weevil, C. chinensis in terms of its effect on adult mortality, total egg output and emergence of F1 adults. All the extracts were effective against the weevil, the efficacy was however more significant with respect to methanol and ethyl acetate extracts at the highest concentrations (1,000 ppm) which lead to 72.01 and 67.69% adult mortality respectively. The efficacy was dose dependent. Total egg and percent emergence of Fl adults were lowest for methanol followed by ethyl acetate fractions. Possible role of the principal chemical constituents of this plant in bringing about mortality of the pest, reduction in egg laying and adult emergence are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Bright
- Entomology Research Institute, Loyola College, Chennai, India
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Babu A, Lubs HA, Macera M, Patil S, Wyandt H. Dr. Ram Verma, cytogeneticist 1946-2000. Am J Med Genet 2001; 99:179-80. [PMID: 11241485 DOI: 10.1002/1096-8628(2001)9999:9999<::aid-ajmg1171>3.0.co;2-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Babu
- Department of Medicine, Wyckoff Heights Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York, USA
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Shobha JC, Kumar TR, Raju BS, Kamath S, Rao M, Babu A, Bhaduri J. Evaluation of efficacy and safety of losartan potassium in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension as compared to enalapril maleate. J Assoc Physicians India 2000; 48:497-500. [PMID: 11273142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study the effect of losartan potassium in the treatment of mild to moderate hypertension and to compare its efficacy and adverse effect profile with enalaparil maleate. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred and forty five patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension were enrolled in this randomized, double blind, controlled, parallel and multicentric study. Seventy two patients received losartan potassium 50 mg and seventy three received enalapril maleate 5 mg. RESULTS Losartan potassium reduced the DBP to < 90 mm Hg in 59% of the patients at the end of 8 weeks compared to 45% in the enalapril maleate group. DBP was reduced by 10 or > than 10 mm Hg in 89% of the patients with losartan as compared to the baseline whereas it was 80% in the enalapril group. Percentage of side effects seen in losartan and enalapril groups were 12 and 22 respectively. CONCLUSION Losartan potassium is an efficacious antihypertensive agent in mild to moderate hypertension. It also has fewer side effects when compared to enalapril maleate.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Shobha
- Dept. of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, NIMS, Hyderabad
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Abstract
Mosaicism for an unbalanced reciprocal translocation was identified in cultured amniocytes of a 16-week-old fetus; mos46,XX,der(4)t(4;5)(q34;q12)/46,XX. Parental karyotypes were normal, indicating a de novo origin of the unbalanced translocation in the fetus. The additional chromosomal material on the der(4) was derived from chromosome 5 as demonstrated by both GTG banding and fluorescence in situ hybridization with a chromosome 5 paint. Two subsequent amniocenteses, at 18 and 20 weeks, confirmed the presence of the abnormal cell line. A percutaneous umbilical blood sample (PUBS) contained only normal cells, 46,XX, and a high resolution ultrasound revealed no fetal abnormalities or growth retardation. The pregnancy was continued and a normal female was born at term. No evidence of the unbalanced translocation cell line was found in cord blood or placental samples at birth. The finding of mosaicism for an unbalanced translocation at amniocentesis is rare, and is associated with a high risk of fetal abnormality. This case illustrates the importance of follow-up studies by PUBS and high-resolution ultrasound for further assessing the risk of phenotypic abnormality.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Cotter
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Cotter PD, Babu A, McCurdy LD, Caggana M, Willner JP, Desnick RJ. Homozygosity for pericentric inversions of chromosome 9. Prenatal diagnosis of two cases. Ann Genet 1998; 40:222-6. [PMID: 9526617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The finding of homozygosity for a pericentric inversion of chromosome 9 [inv(9)] is rare, and previously has not been reported at prenatal diagnosis. We describe two unrelated cases of homozygosity for inv(9) identified in amniocytes. In each case, both parents were heterozygotes for the inv(9); 46,XX,inv(9)(p11q13) and 46,XY,inv(9) (p11q13). Case 1 resulted in a normal term infant who at age 5 years was phenotypically and developmentally normal. Case 2 was referred for severe intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and oligohydramnios, and subsequently expired in utero. Even though inv(9) is a normal chromosome variant with a frequency of 1 to 3% in the general population, the finding of homozygosity for inv(9) and IUGR in this fetus suggested the possibility of uniparental disomy (UPD). Molecular studies confirmed the presence of both parental inv(9) chromosomes, excluding the possibility of chromosome 9 UPD as the cause of IUGR in this fetus. Presumably, inv(9) homozygosity results from the high frequency of inv(9) heterozygosity, and is a normal variant. However, until the effects of UPD for chromosome 9 are established, parental karyo types and, where appropriate, molecular studies should be performed to exclude UPD. In addition, more reports of inv(9) homozygosity detected prenatally are needed to assess its frequency and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Cotter
- Division of Medical Genetics, Children's Hospital Oakland, CA 94609, USA
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Swamy M, Pejaver RK, Babu A, Maiya PP, Rizwani A. Appendicular perforation in necrotising enterocolitis. Indian Pediatr 1998; 35:59-61. [PMID: 9707907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Swamy
- Department of Pediatrics, Ramaiah Medical Teaching Hospital, MSR Nagar, Bangalore
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Ashton-Prolla P, Gershin IF, Babu A, Neu RL, Zinberg RE, Willner JP, Desnick RJ, Cotter PD. Prenatal diagnosis of a familial interchromosomal insertion of Y chromosome heterochromatin. Am J Med Genet 1997; 73:470-3. [PMID: 9415476 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19971231)73:4<470::aid-ajmg17>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
An apparently unbalanced karyotype containing an abnormal chromosome 11 was identified in a 16-week female fetus by analysis of cultured amniocytes. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with a chromosome 11 paint identified the presence of an insertion in band 11q24. Parental karyotyping documented an unbalanced karyotype with the same der(11) chromosome in the phenotypically normal father. CBG-banding and FISH identified the insertion to be Yq12 heterochromatin: 46,XY, der(11)ins(11;Y)(q24;q12q12).ish der(11) (wcp11+,DYZ1+). The same der(11) chromosome was also found in the phenotypically normal paternal grandmother, demonstrating this additional Y chromosomal material did not affect normal female sexual development or fertility. The parents elected to continue the pregnancy and a normal girl was born at term, further confirming that this rare familial variant has no clinical significance. This case illustrates the importance of family studies, appropriate banding, and FISH analyses to accurately characterize apparent chromosomal abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ashton-Prolla
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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Manea SR, Gershin IF, Babu A, Willner JP, Desnick RJ, Cotter PD. Mosaicism for a small supernumerary ring X chromosome in a dysmorphic, growth-retarded male: mos47,XXY/48,XXY, +r(X). Clin Genet 1997; 52:432-5. [PMID: 9520254 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1997.tb02564.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Supernumerary ring X [r(X)] chromosomes are often found in patients with Turner syndrome. The phenotypic effects of the r(X) chromosome are variable, and largely depend on the presence or absence of the X inactivation (XIST) locus. Ring(X) chromosomes in males are rare and have been previously reported in only four cases, with 47,XY, + r(X) or mos47,XY, +r(X)/46,XY karyotypes. These patients all had developmental delay and dysmorphic features. We describe a 2.5-year-old male patient with facial dysmorphia, growth retardation, microcephaly, global developmental delay, and microphallus. Cytogenetic analysis from peripheral blood lymphocytes and fibroblasts identified mosaicism for two cell lines: mos48,XXY, + r(?X)/47,XXY. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with an X chromosome paint showed the ring chromosome to be X chromosome derived. This is the first case of an r(X) chromosome described in a 47,XXY patient. FISH analysis of the r(X) chromosome with an XIST probe showed that the XIST locus was absent. Functional disomy of genes in the r(X) chromosome most likely accounts for the abnormal phenotype in the proband.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Manea
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Cotter PD, McCurdy LD, Gershin IF, Babu A, Willner JP, Desnick RJ. Prenatal detection and molecular characterization of a de novo duplication of the distal long arm of chromosome 19. Am J Med Genet 1997; 71:325-8. [PMID: 9268103 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-8628(19970822)71:3<325::aid-ajmg13>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A tandem duplication of the distal long arm of chromosome 19 was identified in a 10 week fetus by analysis of chorionic villi. The fetal karyotype from two primary cultures was 46,XY,dir dup(19)(q13.2q13.4). The origin of the extra material was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization using a chromosome 19 whole chromosome probe. Parental chromosomes were normal, indicating a de novo origin of the extra chromosome material. This is the first case of dup(19q) detected by prenatal diagnosis. Molecular studies demonstrated that the duplication involved a maternal chromosome 19.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Cotter
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA
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Levy B, Gershin IF, Desnick RJ, Babu A, Gelb BD, Hirschhorn K, Cotter PD. Characterization of a de novo unbalanced chromosome rearrangement by comparative genomic hybridization and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Cytogenet Cell Genet 1997; 76:68-71. [PMID: 9154131 DOI: 10.1159/000134518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has proven useful for the identification of chromosomal material of unknown origin. More recently, comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) has been used to identify deletions and amplifications, particularly in neoplastic samples. Here, we describe the combined use of CGH and FISH to identify the origin of a de novo unbalanced translocation in a newborn with multiple congenital anomalies. GTG banding of metaphases from cultured lymphocytes showed an unbalanced karyotype, with extra material on a chromosome 5: 46,XX,add(5)(q35). Parental karyotypes were both normal. CGH revealed the additional material was from distal 11q (11q23-->'qter). This finding was confirmed by FISH with a whole chromosome paint for chromosome 11. Based on the CGH and FISH analyses, the proband's karyotype was therefore 46,XX,der(5)t(5;11)(q35.2; q23.2).ish der(5)(wcp11+). This case demonstrates the efficient use of CGH and confirmatory FISH for the identification of chromosomal material of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Levy
- Department of Human Genetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
Two apparently balanced chromosome rearrangements were identified in a 17-week fetus by analysis of cultured amniocytes. The fetal karyotype was 46,XX,t(2;16) (q33;q24), inv(7)(p15q11.23). Parental karyotypes were normal, indicating a de novo origin of both chromosome rearrangements in the fetus. The risk of phenotypic abnormality from a de novo reciprocal translocation of inversion has been estimated at approximately 7% [Warburton, 1991]. The risk of abnormality in this fetus was estimated to be a minimum of 14%, based on the additive risk of each rearrangement, equivalent to 3.5% per chromosome breakpoint. The pregnancy was terminated because of the risk of abnormality and the detection of intrauterine growth retardation by ultrasound. In the absence of additional experience, the minimum presumed risk of phenotypic abnormality for de novo, multiple or complex chromosome rearrangements identified prenatally may be estimated as the additive risk of the number of chromosome breakpoints involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Cotter
- Department of Human Genetics Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
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Aijaz S, Gowda K, Jagannath HV, Reddy RR, Maiya PP, Ward RL, Greenberg HB, Raju M, Babu A, Rao CD. Epidemiology of symptomatic human rotaviruses in Bangalore and Mysore, India, from 1988 to 1994 as determined by electropherotype, subgroup and serotype analysis. Arch Virol 1996; 141:715-26. [PMID: 8645107 DOI: 10.1007/bf01718329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiology of symptomatic rotaviruses from Bangalore and Mysore in Southern India was investigated. While serotype G3 predominated throughout the 7-year study period from 1988 to 1994 in Bangalore, serotype G1 was more predominant than serotype G3 in Mysore during 1993 and 1994. Serotype G2 strains were either not detected or infrequently observed in both the cities. However, several strains with subgroup I and 'short' RNA pattern that exhibited high reactivity with typing MAbs specific for serotype 2 as well as other serotypes were detected throughout the period. Among the nonserotypeable strains from both cities, several exhibited dual subgroup (SGI + II) or subgroup I specificity and 'long' RNA pattern indicating their probable animal origin. Notably, a gradual, yet highly significant reduction in rotavirus gastroenteritis, from 45.3% in 1988 to 1.8% during 1994, was observed in Bangalore in stark contrast to the consistently high (about 34%) incidence of asymptomatic infections among neonates by I321-like G10P11 type strains during the same period. Moreover, I321-like asymptomatic strains were not detected in children with diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aijaz
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Indian Institute of Science. Bangalore, India
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