1
|
Singh AK, Salunkhe SA, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Potent anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities of electrostatically complexed C-peptide nanospheres ameliorate diabetic nephropathy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 163:213935. [PMID: 38970881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
In the present era of "Diabetic Pandemic", peptide-based therapies have generated immense interest however, are facing odds due to inevitable limitations like stability, delivery complications and off-target effects. One such promising molecule is C-peptide (CPep, 31 amino acid polypeptide with t1/2 30 min); it is a cleaved subunit of pro-insulin, well known to suppress microvascular complications in kidney but has not been able to undergo translation to the clinic till date. Herein, a polymeric CPep nano-complexes (NPX) was prepared by leveraging electrostatic interaction between in-house synthesized cationic, polyethylene carbonate (PEC) based copolymer (Mol. wt. 44,767 Da) and negatively charged CPep (Mol. wt. 3299 Da) at pH 7.4 and further evaluated in vitro and in vivo. NPX exhibited a spherical morphology with a particle size of 167 nm and zeta potential equivalent to +10.3, with 85.70 % of CPep complexation efficiency. The cellular uptake of FITC-tagged CPep NPX was 95.61 % in normal rat kidney cells, NRK-52E. Additionally, the hemocompatible NPX showed prominent cell-proliferative, anti-oxidative (1.8 folds increased GSH; 2.8 folds reduced nitrite concentration) and anti-inflammatory activity in metabolic stress induced NRK-52E cells as well. The observation was further confirmed by upregulation of anti-apoptotic protein BCl2 by 3.5 folds, and proliferative markers (β1-integrin and EGFR) by 3.5 and 2.3 folds, respectively, compared to the high glucose treated control group. Pharmacokinetic study of NPX in Wistar rats revealed a 6.34 folds greater half-life than free CPep. In in-vivo efficacy study in STZ-induced diabetic nephropathy animal model, NPX reduced blood glucose levels and IL-6 levels significantly by 1.3 and 2.5 folds, respectively, as compared to the disease control group. The above findings suggested that NPX has tremendous potential to impart sustained release of CPep, resulting in enhanced efficacy to treat diabetes-induced nephropathy and significantly improved renal pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Arihant Kumar Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Shubham A Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ali IH, Hassan RM, El Kerdawy AM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Abdallah HMI, Sciandra F, Ghannam IAY. Novel thiazolidin-4-one benzenesulfonamide hybrids as PPARγ agonists: Design, synthesis and in vivo anti-diabetic evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116279. [PMID: 38460271 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
In the current study, two series of novel thiazolidin-4-one benzenesulfonamide arylidene hybrids 9a-l and 10a-f were designed, synthesized and tested in vitro for their PPARɣ agonistic activity. The phenethyl thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 9l showed the highest PPARɣ activation % by 41.7%. Whereas, the 3-methoxy- and 4-methyl-4-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamides 9i, and 9k revealed moderate PPARɣ activation % of 31.7, and 32.8%, respectively, in addition, the 3-methoxy-3-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 10d showed PPARɣ activation % of 33.7% compared to pioglitazone. Compounds 9b, 9i, 9k, 9l, and 10d revealed higher selectivity to PPARɣ over the PPARδ, and PPARα isoforms. An immunohistochemical study was performed in HepG-2 cells to confirm the PPARɣ protein expression for the most active compounds. Compounds 9i, 9k, and 10d showed higher PPARɣ expression than that of pioglitazone. Pharmacological studies were also performed to determine the anti-diabetic activity in rats at a dose of 36 mg/kg, and it was revealed that compounds 9i and 10d improved insulin secretion as well as anti-diabetic effects. The 3-methoxy-4-benzyloxy thiazolidin-4-one sulphonamide 9i showed a better anti-diabetic activity than pioglitazone. Moreover, it showed a rise in blood insulin by 4-folds and C-peptide levels by 48.8%, as well as improved insulin sensitivity. Moreover, compound 9i improved diabetic complications as evidenced by decreasing liver serum enzymes, restoration of total protein and kidney functions. Besides, it combated oxidative stress status and exerted anti-hyperlipidemic effect. Compound 9i showed a superior activity by normalizing some parameters and amelioration of pancreatic, hepatic, and renal histopathological alterations caused by STZ-induction of diabetes. Molecular docking studies, molecular dynamic simulations, and protein ligand interaction analysis were also performed for the newly synthesized compounds to investigate their predicted binding pattern and energies in PPARɣ binding site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Islam H Ali
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Rasha M Hassan
- Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (ID: 60014618), P.O. 12622, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M El Kerdawy
- School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Science, University of Lincoln, Joseph Banks Laboratories, Green Lane, Lincoln, United Kingdom; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba M I Abdallah
- Pharmacology Department, Medical Research and Clinical Studies Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Francesca Sciandra
- Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche "Giulio Natta"- SCITEC (CNR) Sede di Roma, Largo F. Vito 1, 00168 Roma, Italy
| | - Iman A Y Ghannam
- Chemistry of Natural and Microbial Products Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li Y, Zhang W, Tang C, Wang C, Liu C, Chen Q, Yang K, Gu Y, Lei P, Xu H, Wang R. Antidiabetic effects and mechanism of γ-polyglutamic acid on type II diabetes mice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129809. [PMID: 38290633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the foremost chronic non-communicable diseases worldwide, which significantly impacts people's quality of life. This study aimed to investigate the hypoglycemic effects of γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) on STZ-induced type II diabetes mice and its potential mechanisms. The results indicated that γ-PGA intervention contributed to reducing fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, regulating lipid metabolism in type II diabetes mice, and improving insulin resistance. Additionally, γ-PGA could alleviate liver inflammation, enhancing the activity of hepatic antioxidant enzymes. Investigation into the insulin signaling pathway revealed that γ-PGA significantly increased the expression of INSR, IRS-1, Akt, PI3K in diabetic mice, thereby enhancing insulin sensitivity and improving insulin resistance to regulate glucose metabolism. High-throughput sequencing of mouse gut microbiota using 16S rRNA showed that γ-PGA increased the abundance and evenness of beneficial bacteria in the intestines of type II diabetic mice, inhibited the growth of harmful bacteria, and may exerted hypoglycemic effects by modulating and improving relevant metabolic pathways associated with diabetes symptoms. This study provides new insights into the treatment of type II diabetes and highlights the significant potential of γ-PGA in treating type II diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chao Tang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Yang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yian Gu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Peng Lei
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Hong Xu
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| | - Rui Wang
- College of Food Science and Light Industry, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China; State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Toprak K. Effect of Serum C-Peptide Levels on the Development of Contrast-Induced Nephropathy in Diabetic Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography. Angiology 2024; 75:139-147. [PMID: 36303403 DOI: 10.1177/00033197221132359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, in patients with diabetes who undergo coronary angiography (CAG). It is known that serum C-peptide has renoprotective effects in diabetic nephropathy. Patients with diabetes (n = 552) who underwent CAG in our center between January 2020 and December 2021 were included, retrospectively. The patients were divided into 2 groups: not-developing CIN (group 1) and developing CIN (group 2). CIN developed in 128 (23.1%) of the patients with diabetes who underwent CAG. C-peptide, albumin, hemoglobin, hematocrit, initial creatinine, ejection fraction (EF), were significantly lower in the group that developed CIN compared with the group that did not (P < .05, for all). In correlation analysis, creatinine increase rate (ΔCr) was negatively correlated with C-peptide, hematocrit, and ejection fraction (r = -.241, P < .001; r = -.135, P < .001; r = -.194, P = .001; respectively). In logistic regression analysis, C-peptide level (Odds Ratio: .404, 95% Confidence Interval: .286-.571, P < .001) was an independent predictor of CIN. In the present study, C-peptide level was an independent predictor of CIN in patients with diabetes. This study suggests that low levels of C-peptide are associated with a greater risk of CIN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenan Toprak
- Siverek State Hospital and Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Harran University, Sanliurfa, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sun Y, Mehmood A, Giampieri F, Battino MA, Chen X. Insights into the cellular, molecular, and epigenetic targets of gamma-aminobutyric acid against diabetes: a comprehensive review on its mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37694998 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2255666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a metabolic disease due to impaired or defective insulin secretion and is considered one of the most serious chronic diseases worldwide. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a naturally occurring non-protein amino acid commonly present in a wide range of foods. A number of studies documented that GABA has good anti-diabetic potential. This review summarized the available dietary sources of GABA as well as animal and human studies on the anti-diabetic properties of GABA, while also discussing the underlying mechanisms. GABA may modulate diabetes through various pathways such as inhibiting the activities of α-amylase and α-glucosidase, promoting β-cell proliferation, stimulating insulin secretion from β-cells, inhibiting glucagon secretion from α-cells, improving insulin resistance and glucose tolerance, and increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. However, further mechanistic studies on animals and human are needed to confirm the therapeutic effects of GABA against diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Arshad Mehmood
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Francesca Giampieri
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
| | - Maurizio Antonio Battino
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Research Group on Food, Nutritional Biochemistry and Health, Universidad Europea del Atlántico, Santander, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Xiumin Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- Institute of Food Physical Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen J, Huang Y, Liu C, Chi J, Wang Y, Xu L. The role of C-peptide in diabetes and its complications: an updated review. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1256093. [PMID: 37745697 PMCID: PMC10512826 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1256093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes and its complications have seriously affected people's quality of life and become a serious public health problem. C-peptide is not only an indicator of pancreatic β-cell function, but also a biologically active peptide that can bind to cell membrane surface signaling molecules and activate downstream signaling pathways to play antioxidant, anti-apoptotic and inflammatory roles, or regulate cellular transcription through internalization. It is complex how C-peptide is related to diabetic complications. Both deficiencies and overproduction can lead to complications, but their mechanisms of action may be different. C-peptide replacement therapy has shown beneficial effects on diabetic complications in animal models when C-peptide is deficient, but results from clinical trials have been unsatisfactory. The complex pattern of the relationship between C-peptide and diabetic chronic complications has not yet been fully understood. Future basic and clinical studies of C-peptide replacement therapies will need to focus on baseline levels of C-peptide in addition to more attention also needs to be paid to post-treatment C-peptide levels to explore the optimal range of fasting C-peptide and postprandial C-peptide maintenance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lili Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yang Q, Liu Y, Peng J, Pan J, Chen L, Cui J, Yi B. High levels of serum C-peptide are associated with a decreased risk for incident renal progression in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective cohort study. BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care 2023; 11:11/2/e003201. [PMID: 36958752 PMCID: PMC10040069 DOI: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION C-peptide has been reported to provide renoprotective effects. This study aims to explore the relationship between C-peptide and progression of renal function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We retrospectively collected clinical data from 854 T2DM patients over a median follow-up of 5 years. Renal events included an annual decline in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), a rapid kidney function decline and a renal composite endpoint. A linear mixed-effects model and Cox regression analysis were used to investigate the effect of C-peptide on renal events, and a subgroup analysis was performed after stratification by risk factors. RESULTS The highest-level C-peptide group had a smaller annual eGFR decline compared with those in the group with the lowest level (p<0.05). Higher levels of 2 h postprandial C-peptide (2hPCP) (adjusted HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.31 to 0.92), difference between 2 h postprandial and fasting C-peptide (ΔCP) (adjusted HR 0.39; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.69), and 2 h postprandial C-peptide-to-glucose ratio (PCGR) (adjusted HR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.82) were independently related to a decreased risk for the renal composite endpoint. 2hPCP <2.92 ng/mL, ΔCP <1.86 ng/mL, and PCGR <1.11 significantly increased the risk of progression in kidney function (adjusted HRs <0.50, p<0.05) among T2DM patients with male sex, an age of <65 years old, a disease course of <10 years, an glycosylated hemoglobin value of ≥7%, or a history of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of 2hPCP, ΔCP and PCGR could protect T2DM patients from renal progression, especially in the aforementioned population with diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University Third Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Juan Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinting Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Bin Yi
- Department of Nephrology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Shi S, Ni L, Tian Y, Zhang B, Xiao J, Xu W, Gao L, Wu X. Association of Obesity Indices with Diabetic Kidney Disease and Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Real-World Study. J Diabetes Res 2023; 2023:3819830. [PMID: 37096235 PMCID: PMC10122582 DOI: 10.1155/2023/3819830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic microvascular complications mainly include diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR). Obesity was recognized as a risk factor for DKD, while the reported relationship between obesity and DR was inconsistent. Moreover, whether the associations can be attributed to C-peptide levels is unknown. Methods Data from 1142 sequential inpatients with T2DM at Xiangyang Central Hospital between June 2019 and March 2022 were extracted retrospectively from the electronic medical record system. The associations between four obesity indices (body mass index (BMI), waist-hip circumference ratio (WHR), visceral fat tissue area (VFA), and subcutaneous fat tissue area (SFA)) and DKD and DR were evaluated. Whether the associations can be attributed to C-peptide levels was also explored. Results Obesity was a risk factor for DKD after adjusting for sex, HbA1c, TG, TC, HDL, LDL, smoking history, education, duration of diabetes, and insulin use (obesity indices: BMI (OR 1.050: 95% CI: 1.008-1.094; P = 0.020); WHR (OR 10.97; 95% CI: 1.250-92.267; P = 0.031); VFA (OR 1.005; 95% CI: 1.001-1.008; P = 0.008)), but it became insignificant after further adjusting for fasting C-peptide. The associations between BMI, WHR, VFA, and DKD might be U-shaped. Obesity and FCP tended to protect against DR; however, they became insignificant after adjusting for multiple potential confounders. C2/C0 (the ratio of the postprandial serum C-peptide to fasting C-peptide) was a protective factor for both DKD (OR 0.894, 95% CI: 0.833-0.959, P < 0.05) and DR (OR 0.851, 95% CI: 0.787-0.919; P < 0.05). Conclusions Obesity was a risk factor for DKD, and the effect may be attributable to C-peptide, which represents insulin resistance. The protective effect of obesity or C-peptide on DR was not independent and could be confounded by multiple factors. Higher C2/C0 was associated with both decreased DKD and DR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaomin Shi
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Lihua Ni
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Baifang Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wuhan University TaiKang Medical School (School of Basic Medical Sciences), Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jing Xiao
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Wan Xu
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Xiangyang Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei 441000, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
- Department of General Practice, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, 169 Donghu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Madsen CT, Refsgaard JC, Teufel FG, Kjærulff SK, Wang Z, Meng G, Jessen C, Heljo P, Jiang Q, Zhao X, Wu B, Zhou X, Tang Y, Jeppesen JF, Kelstrup CD, Buckley ST, Tullin S, Nygaard-Jensen J, Chen X, Zhang F, Olsen JV, Han D, Grønborg M, de Lichtenberg U. Combining mass spectrometry and machine learning to discover bioactive peptides. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6235. [PMID: 36266275 PMCID: PMC9584923 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34031-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides play important roles in regulating biological processes and form the basis of a multiplicity of therapeutic drugs. To date, only about 300 peptides in human have confirmed bioactivity, although tens of thousands have been reported in the literature. The majority of these are inactive degradation products of endogenous proteins and peptides, presenting a needle-in-a-haystack problem of identifying the most promising candidate peptides from large-scale peptidomics experiments to test for bioactivity. To address this challenge, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the mammalian peptidome across seven tissues in four different mouse strains and used the data to train a machine learning model that predicts hundreds of peptide candidates based on patterns in the mass spectrometry data. We provide in silico validation examples and experimental confirmation of bioactivity for two peptides, demonstrating the utility of this resource for discovering lead peptides for further characterization and therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jan C Refsgaard
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- Intomics, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Felix G Teufel
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Sonny K Kjærulff
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- Intomics, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhe Wang
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjun Meng
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
- Pulmongene LTD. Rm 502, Building 2, No. 9, Yike Road, Zhongguancun Life Science Park, Changping District, Beijing, China
| | - Carsten Jessen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Petteri Heljo
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Qunfeng Jiang
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
- Innovent Biologics, Inc. DongPing Jie 168, Suzhou, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Wu
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
- QL Biopharmaceutical, Rm 101, Building 7, 20 Life Science Park Road, Beijing, China
| | - Xueping Zhou
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
- Crinetics pharmaceuticals, 10222 Barnes Canyon Rd Building 2, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Yang Tang
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
- Roche R&D Center (China) Ltd, Building 5, 371 Lishizhen Road, 201203, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Jacob F Jeppesen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | | | | | - Søren Tullin
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Jan Nygaard-Jensen
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Birkendorfer Str. 65, 88397, Biberach, Germany
| | - Xiaoli Chen
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Zhang
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
- Structure Therapeutics. 701 Gateway Blvd., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Jesper V Olsen
- Department of Proteomics, The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dan Han
- Novo Nordisk Research Centre China, Beijing, China
| | - Mads Grønborg
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
| | - Ulrik de Lichtenberg
- Global Research Technologies, Novo Nordisk A/S, Maaloev, Denmark
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation, Tuborg Havnevej 19, 2900, Hellerup, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yan ST, Sun J, Gu ZY, Miao XY, Ma LC, Sun BR, Fu XM, Liu HZ, Yang G, Fang FS, Li H. The bidirectional association of C-peptide with cardiovascular risk in nondiabetic adults and patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective cohort study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:201. [PMID: 36192784 PMCID: PMC9531486 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recent literature reported the biological role of C-peptide, but this role is still controversial and unclear. The primary aim of this study was to investigate associations between C-peptide and cardiovascular biomarkers as well as events. Methods A total of 55636 participants who had a health examination from 2017 to 2021 were included. Of them, 6727 participants visited the hospital at least twice. Cardiovascular biomarkers like high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) were measured and their relationships with fasting C-peptide were evaluated for all participants. Cardiovascular events were obtained during the last visit and their associations with C-peptide were evaluated for those participants who visited the hospital at least twice. Results Among the included participants, 11.1% had a previous type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In the participants without previous T2DM, the relationships between fasting C-peptide and hs-CRP and hs-cTnT were negative if the value of fasting C-peptide was < 1.4 ng/mL and positive if the value was ≥ 1.4 ng/mL. These relationships remained significant after adjusting for hemoglobin A1c, insulin resistance index, and its interaction with C-peptide, even if the participants were stratified by glucose metabolism status or levels of insulin resistance index. Hazard ratios of cardiovascular events were first decreased and then increased with the increasing of baseline C-peptide levels, though these associations became unsignificant using the multivariate Cox regression model. Unlike the participants without previous T2DM, the associations of C-peptide with cardiovascular biomarkers and events were not significant in the patients with previous T2DM. Conclusions The associations of C-peptide with cardiovascular biomarkers and events were different between the participants without previous T2DM and those with previous T2DM. The effect of C-peptide on cardiovascular risk may be bidirectional, play a benefit role at a low level, and play a harmful role at a high level in the nondiabetic adults and the patients with newly diagnosed T2DM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12933-022-01636-z.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuang-Tong Yan
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Gu
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yu Miao
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Chao Ma
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ban-Ruo Sun
- Department of Geriatric Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Min Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hong-Zhou Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Geriatric Nephrology, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fu-Sheng Fang
- Department of Health Care, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| | - Hong Li
- Health Management Institute, The Second Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, 28 Fuxing Road, Beijing, 100853, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Huang Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Zhou Y, Wang X, Cheng B, Kui C, Wang Y. C-peptide, glycaemic control, and diabetic complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus: A real-world study. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3514. [PMID: 34841643 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between C-peptide and glycaemic control rate and diabetic complications (microvascular complication and cerebral infarction) and provide evidence for stratified treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-based C-peptide. METHOD This is a cross-sectional real-world observational study. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, we studied 1377 patients with T2DM, grouped by fasting C-peptide and HOMA-IR. Blood samples were collected after fasting overnight. Logistic regression was used to analyse the relationship among fasting C-peptide, HOMA-IR, C2/C0 ratio (the ratio of 2 h postprandial C-peptide to fasting C-peptide), glycaemic control rate, and occurrence of diabetic complications. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) curves based on logistic regression were used to evaluate the relationship between C-peptide, glycaemic control rate, and diabetic kidney disease (DKD). RESULTS Patients were subdivided according to their fasting C-peptide in 4 groups (Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4). Patients of group Q3 (1.71 ≤ C-peptide < 2.51 ng/ml) showed the lowest incidence of DKD, diabetic retinopathy (DR), and rate of insulin absorption as welll as higher glycaemic control rate. Logistic regression shows that the probability of reaching glycemic control increased with higher levels of C-peptide, compared with group Q1, after adjusting for age, gender, duration of diabetes, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, creatinine, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein. RCS curve shows that, when C-peptide is ≤2.68 ng/ml, the incidence of not reaching glycaemic control decreases with increasing C-peptide. The possibility of not reaching glycaemic control decreased with increasing C2/C0, when C-peptide is ≥1.71 ng/ml. RCS curve shows that the relationship between C-peptide and DKD follows a U-style curve. When C-peptide is <2.84 ng/ml, the incidence of DKD decreased with increasing C-peptide. With the increase in the C2/C0 ratio, the incidence of DKD, DR, and fatty liver did not decrease. CONCLUSION When C-peptide is ≥ 1.71 and < 2.51 ng/ml, patients with T2DM had a higher glycemic control rate. Excessive C-peptide plays different roles in DKD and DR; C-peptide may promote the incidence of DKD but protects patients from DR. Higher C2/C0 ratio is important for reaching glycaemic control but cannot reduce the risk of DKD, DR, and fatty liver.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yahao Wang
- Medicine College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Chuanfeng Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bingfei Cheng
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Che Kui
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Lee SG, Kang I, Seo MN, Lee JE, Eom SY, Hwang MS, Park KS, Choi BS, Kwon HJ, Hong YS, Kim H, Park JD. Exposure Levels and Contributing Factors of Various Arsenic Species and Their Health Effects on Korean Adults. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2022; 82:391-402. [PMID: 35132447 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-022-00913-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is a human carcinogen. Data on urinary arsenic species analyses of Koreans are limited. This study evaluated the arsenic exposure level, contributing factors, and health effects in Korean adults. Dietary intake information and urine samples were obtained from 2044 participants. Arsenic exposure was assessed based on urinary concentrations of arsenic species, such as inorganic arsenic, As(III) and As(V), monomethylarsonic acid (MMA), dimethylarsinic acid (DMA), and arsenobetaine (AsB), using high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, followed by determination of biomarkers, malondialdehyde and c-peptide. The geometric mean concentrations were 30.9 μg/L for the sum of inorganic arsenic and their metabolites, and 84.7 μg/L for the total sum of arsenic measured. Urinary concentrations of arsenic species were influenced by age, inhabitant area (inland or coastal), and seafood intake, which was positively correlated with inorganic arsenic, DMA, and AsB. Rice intake was positively correlated with inorganic arsenic and its metabolites but not with AsB. Additionally, malondialdehyde and c-peptide levels were significantly associated with urinary concentrations of various arsenic species. Seafood and rice are major sources of organic/inorganic arsenic exposure in Korean adults; however, it is necessary to evaluate whether their overconsumption could have a potentially detrimental effect on human health.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seul-Gi Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Ingu Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Mi-Na Seo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Jung-Eum Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Eom
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Myung-Sil Hwang
- Food Risk Analysis Division, National Institute of Food and Drug Safety Evaluation, Cheongju, 28159, Korea
| | - Kyung Su Park
- Advanced Analysis Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 02792, Korea
| | - Byung-Sun Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea
| | - Ho-Jang Kwon
- College of Medicine, Dankook University, Cheonan, 16890, Korea
| | | | - Heon Kim
- College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, 28644, Korea
| | - Jung-Duck Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Majeed M, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Renoprotective Roles of Curcumin. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1328:531-544. [PMID: 34981504 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-73234-9_38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of herb-based therapies is increasing over the past decades. These agents have been reported to provide many beneficial effects in many experimental and clinical studies. Curcumin is one of these agents which has potent pharmacological effects enabling it for the prevent and treatment of many diseases and pathologies such as renal disorders, hyperglycemia, oxidative stress, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. However, the exact molecular mechanisms mediating these renoprotective effects of curcumin are not well established. So, in the current study, we surveyed for possible renoprotective roles of curcumin and concluded how curcumin protects against renal injuries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | - Mina Maleki
- Chronic Kidney Disease Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Quchan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Quchan, Iran.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Mutter S, Valo E, Aittomäki V, Nybo K, Raivonen L, Thorn LM, Forsblom C, Sandholm N, Würtz P, Groop PH. Urinary metabolite profiling and risk of progression of diabetic nephropathy in 2670 individuals with type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:140-149. [PMID: 34686904 PMCID: PMC8660744 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05584-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS This prospective, observational study examines associations between 51 urinary metabolites and risk of progression of diabetic nephropathy in individuals with type 1 diabetes by employing an automated NMR metabolomics technique suitable for large-scale urine sample collections. METHODS We collected 24-h urine samples for 2670 individuals with type 1 diabetes from the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy study and measured metabolite concentrations by NMR. Individuals were followed up for 9.0 ± 5.0 years until their first sign of progression of diabetic nephropathy, end-stage kidney disease or study end. Cox regressions were performed on the entire study population (overall progression), on 1999 individuals with normoalbuminuria and 347 individuals with macroalbuminuria at baseline. RESULTS Seven urinary metabolites were associated with overall progression after adjustment for baseline albuminuria and chronic kidney disease stage (p < 8 × 10-4): leucine (HR 1.47 [95% CI 1.30, 1.66] per 1-SD creatinine-scaled metabolite concentration), valine (1.38 [1.22, 1.56]), isoleucine (1.33 [1.18, 1.50]), pseudouridine (1.25 [1.11, 1.42]), threonine (1.27 [1.11, 1.46]) and citrate (0.84 [0.75, 0.93]). 2-Hydroxyisobutyrate was associated with overall progression (1.30 [1.16, 1.45]) and also progression from normoalbuminuria (1.56 [1.25, 1.95]). Six amino acids and pyroglutamate were associated with progression from macroalbuminuria. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Branched-chain amino acids and other urinary metabolites were associated with the progression of diabetic nephropathy on top of baseline albuminuria and chronic kidney disease. We found differences in associations for overall progression and progression from normo- and macroalbuminuria. These novel discoveries illustrate the utility of analysing urinary metabolites in entire population cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Mutter
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Erkka Valo
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | | | - Lena M Thorn
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carol Forsblom
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Niina Sandholm
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Per-Henrik Groop
- Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Nephrology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tao Y, Zhu M, Pu J, Zhang P, Wan L, Tang C. Reduction in C-Peptide Levels and Influence on Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Insulin Preparations: How to Conduct a High-Quality Euglycemic Clamp Study. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:786613. [PMID: 34925042 PMCID: PMC8675232 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.786613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the different extent of inhibition of endogenous insulin secretion by the reduction of C-peptide levels in an euglycemic clamp study and its effects on the evaluation of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics of insulin preparations, and quality of clamp study to determine the best reduction range of C-peptide levels. Methods: Healthy Chinese male volunteers were enrolled and underwent a single-dose euglycemic clamp test. Participants were subcutaneously injected with long-acting insulin glargine (0.4 IU/kg). Blood samples were collected pretest and up to 24 h post-test to assess pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and C-peptide levels. Results: We divided the 39 volunteers enrolled in the study into three groups according to the reduction of C-peptide levels: group A (ratio of C-peptide reduction <30%, n = 13), group B (ratio of C-peptide reduction between ≥ 30% and <50%, n = 15), and group C (ratio of C-peptide reduction ≥50%, n = 11); there were significant differences in the three groups (p = 0.000). The upper and lower limits of blood glucose oscillation in group C was statistically lower than the other groups, the range of oscillating glucose levels in group C was -17.0 ± 6.6% to -1.1 ± 6.7%. The AUC0-24 h in groups A, B, and C were 9.7 ± 2.2, 11.0 ± 2.9, and 11.9 ± 2.1 ng/ml × min, respectively, which indicated an increasing trend in the three groups (P trend = 0.041). For quality assessment, the average glucose (p = 0.000) and MEFTG (p = 0.001) levels in three groups were significantly different. Conclusion: The different extent of inhibition of endogenous insulin will influence the PK/PD of insulin preparations and the quality of the euglycemic clamp. Furthermore, the ratio of C-peptide reduction should be above 50% to free from the interference of endogenous insulin, and the range of blood glucose levels should be consistently maintained at -10% to 0 in the euglycemic clamp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tao
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingxue Zhu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Junliang Pu
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peilin Zhang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Wan
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chengyong Tang
- Department of Phase I Clinical Trial Ward, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Luo J, Jiang J, Huang H, Jiang F, Xu Z, Zhou Z, Zhu H. C-peptide ameliorates high glucose-induced podocyte dysfunction through the regulation of the Notch and TGF-β signaling pathways. Peptides 2021; 142:170557. [PMID: 33901627 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The podocyte is one of the main components of the glomerular filtration barrier in the kidney, and its injury may contribute to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and eventually kidney failure. C-peptide, a cleavage product of proinsulin, shows therapeutic potential for treating diabetic nephropathy (DN). The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of C-peptide on high glucose-induced podocyte dysfunction. In the present study, we found that the protective effects of islet transplantation were superior to simple insulin therapy for the treatment of DN in streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats. And such superiority may due to the function of C-peptide secreted at the implanted site. Based on this background, we determined that the application of C-peptide significantly prevented high glucose-induced podocyte injury by increasing the expression of nephrin and synaptopodin. Meanwhile, C-peptide suppressed high glucose-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and renal fibrosis via decreasing the expression of snail, vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Moreover, the Notch and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling pathways were activated by high glucose, and treatment with C-peptide down-regulated the expression of the Notch signaling molecules Notch 1 and Jagged 1 and the TGF-β signaling molecule TGF-β1. These findings suggested that C-peptide might serve as a novel treatment method for DN and podocyte dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Luo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jiahong Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hongjian Huang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Feifei Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zeru Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Zijun Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Proteome Characterization of BALF Extracellular Vesicles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Unveiling Undercover Molecular Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115696. [PMID: 34071777 PMCID: PMC8199247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In the longtime challenge of identifying specific, easily detectable and reliable biomarkers of IPF, BALF proteomics is providing interesting new insights into its pathogenesis. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first shotgun proteomic investigation of EVs isolated from BALF of IPF patients. Our main aim was to characterize the proteome of the vesicular component of BALF and to explore its individual impact on the pathogenesis of IPF. To this purpose, ultracentrifugation was chosen as the EVs isolation technique, and their purification was assessed by TEM, 2DE and LC-MS/MS. Our 2DE data and scatter plots showed considerable differences between the proteome of EVs and that of whole BALF and of its fluid component. Analysis of protein content and protein functions evidenced that EV proteins are predominantly involved in cytoskeleton remodeling, adenosine signaling, adrenergic signaling, C-peptide signaling and lipid metabolism. Our findings may suggest a wider system involvement in the disease pathogenesis and support the importance of pre-fractioning of complex samples, such as BALF, in order to let low-abundant proteins-mediated pathways emerge.
Collapse
|
18
|
Kiersztan A, Gaanga K, Witecka A, Jagielski AK. DHEA-pretreatment attenuates oxidative stress in kidney-cortex and liver of diabetic rabbits and delays development of the disease. Biochimie 2021; 185:135-145. [PMID: 33771656 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In view of reported discrepancies concerning antioxidant activity of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), a widely used dietary supplement, the current investigation was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant properties of DHEA in both kidney-cortex and liver of alloxan (ALX)-induced diabetic rabbits, as this diabetogenic compound exhibits the ROS-dependent action. ALX was injected to animals following 7 days of DHEA administration. Four groups of rabbits were used in the experiments: control, DHEA-treated control, diabetic and DHEA-treated diabetic. Our results show for the first time, that in kidney-cortex DHEA resulted in normalization of hydroxyl free radicals (HFR) levels and restoration of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities to near the control values, while in liver DHEA prevented the malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation and normalized glutathione reductase (GR) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activities. Moreover, in both kidney-cortex and liver DHEA supplementation prevented GSSG elevation accompanied by a decrease in GSH/GSSG ratio. Although DHEA attenuated oxidative stress in both kidney-cortex and liver of ALX-induced diabetic rabbits and significantly delayed the onset of diabetes in time, it did not protect against the final development of diabetes. In conclusion, the current investigation underscores the complexity of the antioxidant action of DHEA. The data are of clinical interest since DHEA supplementation could prevent the deleterious effects of ROS and delay, or even prevent the onset of many diseases. However, in view of the reported pro-oxidant effects of high DHEA doses, the potential use of this agent as a supplement needs a careful evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kiersztan
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Kongorzul Gaanga
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Apolonia Witecka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, I. Miecznikowa 1, 02-096, Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
Globally, diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the foremost cause of end-stage renal disease. With the incidence of diabetes increasing day by day, DN's occurrence is expected to surge to pandemic proportions. Current available therapeutic interventions associated with DN emphasize blood pressure, glycemia and lipid control while ignoring DN's progression mechanism at a molecular level. This review sheds light on the molecular insights involved in DN to help understand the initiation and progression pattern. Further, we summarize novel strategies with reported applications in developing a nanomedicine-based platform for DN-targeted drug delivery to improve drug efficacy and safety.
Collapse
|
20
|
Stress burden related to postreperfusion syndrome may aggravate hyperglycemia with insulin resistance during living donor liver transplantation: A propensity score-matching analysis. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0243873. [PMID: 33301501 PMCID: PMC7728193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0243873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background We investigated the impact of postreperfusion syndrome (PRS) on hyperglycemia occurrence and connecting (C) peptide release, which acts as a surrogate marker for insulin resistance, during the intraoperative period after graft reperfusion in patients undergoing living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) using propensity score (PS)-matching analysis. Patients and methods Medical records from 324 adult patients who underwent elective LDLT were retrospectively reviewed, and their data were analyzed according to PRS occurrence (PRS vs. non-PRS groups) using the PS-matching method. Intraoperative levels of blood glucose and C-peptide were measured through the arterial or venous line at each surgical phase. Hyperglycemia was defined as a peak glucose level >200 mg/dL, and normal plasma concentrations of C-peptide in the fasting state were taken to range between 0.5 and 2.0 ng/mL. Results After PS matching, there were no significant differences in pre- and intra-operative recipient findings and donor-graft findings between groups. Although glucose and C-peptide levels continuously increased through the surgical phases in both groups, glucose and C-peptide levels during the neohepatic phase were significantly higher in the PRS group than in the non-PRS group, and larger changes in levels were observed between the preanhepatic and neohepatic phases. There were higher incidences of C-peptide levels >2.0 ng/mL and peak glucose levels >200 mg/dL in the neohepatic phase in patients with PRS than in those without. PRS adjusted for PS with or without exogenous insulin infusion was significantly associated with hyperglycemia occurrence during the neohepatic phase. Conclusions Elucidating the association between PRS and hyperglycemia occurrence will help with establishing a standard protocol for intraoperative glycemic control in patients undergoing LDLT.
Collapse
|
21
|
Li M, Song L, Yuan J, Zhang D, Zhang C, Liu Y, Lin Q, Wang H, Su K, Li Y, Ma Z, Liu D, Dong J. Association Between Serum Insulin and C-Peptide Levels and Breast Cancer: An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Oncol 2020; 10:553332. [PMID: 33194614 PMCID: PMC7658676 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.553332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several studies have reported that hyperinsulinemia plays a part in the etiology of breast cancer. However, no consensus has been reached. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to explore the role of insulin and C-peptide in breast cancer. Methods A systematic search in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library was conducted up to September, 2020. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were used to measure effect sizes. Publication bias was assessed using the Egger test. Stability of these results was evaluated using sensitivity analyses. Results Fourteen articles including 27,084 cases and five articles including 2,513 cases were extracted for serum insulin levels and C-peptide levels. We found that C-peptide levels were positively associated with breast cancer with overall SMD = 0.37 (95% CI = 0.09–0.65, I2 = 89.1%). Subgroup analysis by control source illustrated a positive relationship between breast cancer and C-peptide levels in population-based control. Subgroup analysis by C-peptide level indicated a positive correlation between breast cancer and C-peptide levels no matter C-peptide levels in case group is ≤3 ng/ml or >3 ng/ml. Subgroup analysis by age showed that C-peptide level positively correlated to breast cancer in women between the ages of 50 and 60. However, we did not identify any relationship between breast cancer and insulin levels (SMD = 0.22, 95% CI = −0.06–0.50, I2 = 97.3%). Conclusion This meta-analysis demonstrated that C-peptide levels were positively related to breast cancer in women, and no relationship between insulin levels and breast cancer was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manwen Li
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Limin Song
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junhua Yuan
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Di Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Caishun Zhang
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qian Lin
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haidan Wang
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Kaizhen Su
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanrun Li
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zhengye Ma
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Defeng Liu
- Clinical Medicine Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jing Dong
- Special Medicine Department, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Physiology Department, Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Poteryaeva ON, Usynin IF. [Molecular mechanisms of action and physiological effects of the proinsulin C-peptide (a systematic review)]. BIOMEDIT︠S︡INSKAI︠A︡ KHIMII︠A︡ 2020; 66:196-207. [PMID: 32588825 DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20206603196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The C-peptide is a fragment of proinsulin, the cleavage of which forms active insulin. In recent years, new information has appeared on the physiological effects of the C-peptide, indicating its positive effect on many organs and tissues, including the kidneys, nervous system, heart, vascular endothelium and blood microcirculation. Studies on experimental models of diabetes mellitus in animals, as well as clinical trials in patients with diabetes, have shown that the C-peptide has an important regulatory effect on the early stages of functional and structural disorders caused by this disease. The C-peptide exhibits its effects through binding to a specific receptor on the cell membrane and activation of downstream signaling pathways. Intracellular signaling involves G-proteins and Ca2+-dependent pathways, resulting in activation and increased expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase, Na+/K+-ATPase and important transcription factors involved in apoptosis, anti-inflammatory and other intracellular defense mechanisms. This review gives an idea of the C-peptide as a bioactive endogenous peptide that has its own biological activity and therapeutic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- O N Poteryaeva
- Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translation Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - I F Usynin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Federal Research Center of Fundamental and Translation Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shadid S, Abosi-Appeadu K, De Maertelaere AS, Defreyne J, Veldeman L, Holst JJ, Lapauw B, Vilsbøll T, T'Sjoen G. Effects of Gender-Affirming Hormone Therapy on Insulin Sensitivity and Incretin Responses in Transgender People. Diabetes Care 2020; 43:411-417. [PMID: 31740479 DOI: 10.2337/dc19-1061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The long-term influences of sex hormone administration on insulin sensitivity and incretin hormones are controversial. We investigated these effects in 35 transgender men (TM) and 55 transgender women (TW) from the European Network for the Investigation of Gender Incongruence (ENIGI) study. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Before and after 1 year of gender-affirming hormone therapy, body composition and oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTTs) were evaluated. RESULTS In TM, body weight (2.8 ± 1.0 kg; P < 0.01), fat-free mass (FFM) (3.1 ± 0.9 kg; P < 0.01), and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.03 ± 0.01; P < 0.01) increased. Fasting insulin (-1.4 ± 0.8 mU/L; P = 0.08) and HOMA of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (2.2 ± 0.3 vs. 1.8 ± 0.2; P = 0.06) tended to decrease, whereas fasting glucose (-1.6 ± 1.6 mg/dL), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) (-1.8 ± 1.0 pmol/L), and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) (-0.2 ± 1.1 pmol/L) were statistically unchanged. Post-OGTT areas under the curve (AUCs) for GIP (2,068 ± 1,134 vs. 2,645 ± 1,248 [pmol/L] × min; P < 0.01) and GLP-1 (2,352 ± 796 vs. 2,712 ± 1,015 [pmol/L] × min; P < 0.01) increased. In TW, body weight tended to increase (1.4 ± 0.8 kg; P = 0.07) with decreasing FFM (-2.3 ± 0.4 kg; P < 0.01) and waist-to-hip ratio (-0.03 ± 0.01; P < 0.01). Insulin (3.4 ± 0.8 mU/L; P < 0.01) and HOMA-IR (1.7 ± 0.1 vs. 2.4 ± 0.2; P < 0.01) rose, fasting GIP (-1.4 ± 0.8 pmol/L; P < 0.01) and AUC GIP dropped (2,524 ± 178 vs. 1,911 ± 162 [pmol/L] × min; P < 0.01), but fasting glucose (-0.3 ± 1.4 mg/dL), GLP-1 (1.3 ± 0.8 pmol/L), and AUC GLP-1 (2,956 ± 180 vs. 2,864 ± 93 [pmol/L] × min) remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of transgender persons, insulin sensitivity but also post-OGTT incretin responses tend to increase with masculinization and to decrease with feminization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samyah Shadid
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | | | - Justine Defreyne
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Laurens Veldeman
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jens J Holst
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bruno Lapauw
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tina Vilsbøll
- Clinical Metabolic Physiology, Steno Diabetes Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Guy T'Sjoen
- Department of Endocrinology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium.,Center for Sexology and Gender, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abdelrahman AM, Al Salam S, Al Suleimani Y, Ashique M, Manoj P, Ali BH. Effect of levosimendan, an inodilator, on streptozotocin-induced diabetic nephropathy in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 873:172960. [PMID: 32001219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.172960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of levosimendan on streptozotocin-induced early diabetic nephropathy. Rats were distributed into four groups and treated for six weeks. The first and third group received either vehicle or levosimendan (1 mg/kg/day) for the last three weeks, respectively. The second and fourth groups were rendered diabetic by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and were treated as the first and third groups, respectively. In the untreated diabetic group, there was a significant decrease in body weight, polyuria and hyperglycemia as well as, increased urinary albumin/creatinine ratio (UACR) and N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG)/creatinine ratio (UNCR) with no change in creatinine clearance. In addition, diabetes was associated with increased oxidative stress as evidenced by reduced plasma total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and catalase activity and increased plasma malondialdhyde (MDA) and the inflammatory marker, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, (TNF-α). Kidneys from streptozotocin-treated rats showed focal clear renal tubular cells affecting proximal convoluted tubules and mild interstitial fibrosis at the cortico-medullary junction. Levosimendan significantly attenuated the streptozotocin-induced physiological and biochemical changes and there was less clear renal tubular cells. This study shows that levosimendan ameliorated some of the changes seen in streptozotocin-induced early diabetic nephropathy in rats. This could be partly due to its antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aly M Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman.
| | - Suhail Al Salam
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Yousuf Al Suleimani
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman
| | - Mohamed Ashique
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman
| | - Priyadarsini Manoj
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman
| | - Badreldin H Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khod, Oman
| |
Collapse
|