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Rafati N, Zarepour A, Bigham A, Khosravi A, Naderi-Manesh H, Iravani S, Zarrabi A. Nanosystems for targeted drug Delivery: Innovations and challenges in overcoming the Blood-Brain barrier for neurodegenerative disease and cancer therapy. Int J Pharm 2024; 666:124800. [PMID: 39374818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Revised: 09/30/2024] [Accepted: 10/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
The evolution of sophisticated nanosystems has revolutionized biomedicine, notably in treating neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. These systems show potential in delivering medication precisely to affected tissues, improving treatment effectiveness while minimizing side effects. Nevertheless, a major hurdle in targeted drug delivery is breaching the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selective shield separating the bloodstream from the brain and spinal cord. The tight junctions between endothelial cells in brain capillaries create a formidable physical barrier, alongside efflux transporters that expel harmful molecules. This presents a notable challenge for brain drug delivery. Nanosystems present distinct advantages in overcoming BBB challenges, offering enhanced drug efficacy, reduced side effects, improved stability, and controlled release. Despite their promise, challenges persist, such as the BBB's regional variability hindering uniform drug distribution. Efflux transporters can also limit therapeutic agent efficacy, while nanosystem toxicity necessitates rigorous safety evaluations. Understanding the long-term impact of nanomaterials on the brain remains crucial. Additionally, addressing nanosystem scalability, cost-effectiveness, and safety profiles is vital for widespread clinical implementation. This review delves into the advancements and obstacles of advanced nanosystems in targeted drug delivery for neurodegenerative diseases and cancer therapy, with a focus on overcoming the BBB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesa Rafati
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Zarepour
- Department of Research Analytics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai 600 077, India
| | - Ashkan Bigham
- Institute of Polymers, Composites, and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Naples 80125, Italy; Department of Chemical, Materials and Production Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Piazzale V. Tecchio 80, 80125 Naples, Italy
| | - Arezoo Khosravi
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Okan University, Istanbul 34959, Turkiye
| | - Hossein Naderi-Manesh
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran; Departments of Biophysics, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, 14115-154, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Siavash Iravani
- Independent Researcher, W Nazar ST, Boostan Ave, Isfahan, Iran.
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istinye University, Istanbul 34396, Turkiye; Graduate School of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Yuan Ze University, Taoyuan 320315, Taiwan.
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Truong TT, Mondal S, Doan VHM, Tak S, Choi J, Oh H, Nguyen TD, Misra M, Lee B, Oh J. Precision-engineered metal and metal-oxide nanoparticles for biomedical imaging and healthcare applications. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 332:103263. [PMID: 39121830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The growing field of nanotechnology has witnessed numerous advancements over the past few years, particularly in the development of engineered nanoparticles. Compared with bulk materials, metal nanoparticles possess more favorable properties, such as increased chemical activity and toxicity, owing to their smaller size and larger surface area. Metal nanoparticles exhibit exceptional stability, specificity, sensitivity, and effectiveness, making them highly useful in the biomedical field. Metal nanoparticles are in high demand in biomedical nanotechnology, including Au, Ag, Pt, Cu, Zn, Co, Gd, Eu, and Er. These particles exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, including amenable functionalization, non-corrosiveness, and varying optical and electronic properties based on their size and shape. Metal nanoparticles can be modified with different targeting agents such as antibodies, liposomes, transferrin, folic acid, and carbohydrates. Thus, metal nanoparticles hold great promise for various biomedical applications such as photoacoustic imaging, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography (CT), photothermal, and photodynamic therapy (PDT). Despite their potential, safety considerations, and regulatory hurdles must be addressed for safe clinical applications. This review highlights advancements in metal nanoparticle surface engineering and explores their integration with emerging technologies such as bioimaging, cancer therapeutics and nanomedicine. By offering valuable insights, this comprehensive review offers a deep understanding of the potential of metal nanoparticles in biomedical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Thuy Truong
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Sudip Mondal
- Digital Healthcare Research Center, Institute of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Vu Hoang Minh Doan
- Smart Gym-Based Translational Research Center for Active Senior's Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Soonhyuk Tak
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaeyeop Choi
- Smart Gym-Based Translational Research Center for Active Senior's Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Hanmin Oh
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan Dung Nguyen
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Mrinmoy Misra
- Mechatronics Engineering Department, School of Automobile, Mechanical and Mechatronics, Manipal University, Jaipur, India
| | - Byeongil Lee
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Digital Healthcare Research Center, Institute of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghwan Oh
- Industry 4.0 Convergence Bionics Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Digital Healthcare Research Center, Institute of Information Technology and Convergence, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Smart Gym-Based Translational Research Center for Active Senior's Healthcare, Pukyong National University, Busan 48513, Republic of Korea; Ohlabs Corp., Busan 48513, Republic of Korea.
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Dai Y, Min Y, Zhou L, Cheng L, Ni H, Yang Y, Zhou W. Brain-targeting redox-sensitive micelles for codelivery of TMZ and β-lapachone for glioblastoma therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2024; 61:102772. [PMID: 38960367 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a central nervous system cancer with high incidence and poor survival rates. Enhancing drug penetration of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and targeting efficacy is crucial for improving treatment outcomes. In this study, we developed a redox-sensitive targeted nano-delivery system (HCA-A2) for temozolomide (TMZ) and β-lapachone (β-Lapa). This system used hyaluronic acid (HA) as the hydrophilic group, arachidonic acid (CA) as the hydrophobic group, and angiopep-2 (A2) as the targeting group. Control systems included non-redox sensitive (HDA-A2) and non-targeting (HCA) versions. In vitro, HCA-TMZ-Lapa micelles released 100 % of their payload in a simulated tumor microenvironment within 24 h, compared to 43.97 % under normal conditions. HCA-A2 micelles, internalized via clathrin-mediated endocytosis, showed stronger cytotoxicity and better BBB penetration and cellular uptake than controls. In vivo studies demonstrated superior tumor growth inhibition with HCA-A2 micelles, indicating their potential for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxiang Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China.
| | - Yuanping Min
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Lu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Longyang Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Hongbin Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Health Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wendi Zhou
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Parasitic Disease Control and Prevention, Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory on Parasite and Vector Control Technology, Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi 214064, China
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Hameed H, Faheem S, Younas K, Jamshaid M, Ereej N, Hameed A, Munir R, Khokhar R. A comprehensive review on lipid-based nanoparticles via nose to brain targeting as a novel approach. J Microencapsul 2024:1-34. [PMID: 39286884 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2404414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) has been a chief concern for millions of people worldwide, and many therapeutic medications are unable to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. Advancements in nanotechnology have enabled safe, effective, and precise delivery of medications towards specific brain regions by utilising a nose-to-brain targeting route. This method reduces adverse effects, increases medication bioavailability, and facilitates mucociliary clearance while promoting accumulation of drug in the targeted brain region. Recent developments in lipid-based nanoparticles, for instance solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs), liposomes, nanoemulsions, and nano-structured lipid carriers have been explored. SLNs are currently the most promising drug carrier system because of their capability of transporting drugs across the blood-brain barrier at the intended brain site. This approach offers higher efficacy, controlled drug delivery, target specificity, longer circulation time, and a reduction in toxicity through a biomimetic mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Faheem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Komel Younas
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University Paris Saclay, Orsay, France
| | - Muhammad Jamshaid
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nelofer Ereej
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Anam Hameed
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Munir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Khokhar
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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Hasannejad-Asl B, Hashemzadeh H, Pooresmaeil F, Dabiri M, Pooresmaeil MR, Ahmadvand D, Hosseini A. Molecular dynamics simulation of the brain-isolated single-domain antibody/nanobody from camels through in vivo phage display screening. Front Mol Biosci 2024; 11:1414119. [PMID: 39290991 PMCID: PMC11406554 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2024.1414119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction During the last decade, there has been a significant rise in the use of therapeutic antibodies or passive immunotherapy for treating various conditions like inflammation and cancer. However, these proteins face challenges reaching the brain and often require specialized delivery methods such as single-domain antibodies (sdAbs). Traditional antibodies struggle to efficiently cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), hindering their effectiveness. Receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) offers a promising pathway for transporting large molecules essential for brain function and treatment across the BBB. Methods SdAbs and peptide ligands with an affinity for RMT receptors are commonly employed to enhance the transport of biotherapeutics compounds across the BBB. This research used a sdAbs phage-displayed library from 13 camelus dromedarius samples to identify sdABs that specifically bind to and are internalized by human BBB endothelial cells (ECs) through in vivo panning. Results and discussion One sdAb, defined as FB24, was isolated, sequenced, translated into an open reading frame (ORF), and subjected to three-dimensional (3D) modeling. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were carried out by the HADDOCK web server and GROMACS, respectively, to evaluate the interaction between FB24 and EC receptors in silico. The docking results revealed that FB24 exhibited binding activity against potential EC receptors with -1.7 to -2.7 ranged z score and maintained a stable structure. The docked complex of FB24-RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end products, also known as advanced glycation end product receptor [AGER]) showed 18 hydrogen bonds and 213 non-bonded contacts. It was chosen for further analysis by molecular dynamics simulations by GROMACS. This complex showed a stable condition, and its root mean square deviation (RMSD) was 0.218 nm. The results suggest that FB24 could serve as a suitable carrier vector for transporting therapeutic and diagnostic agents across the BBB to the brain through a non-invasive route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnam Hasannejad-Asl
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Farkhondeh Pooresmaeil
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Dabiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arshad Hosseini
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
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Ramalho MJ, Alves B, Andrade S, Lima J, Loureiro JA, Pereira MC. Folic-Acid-Conjugated Poly (Lactic-Co-Glycolic Acid) Nanoparticles Loaded with Gallic Acid Induce Glioblastoma Cell Death by Reactive-Oxygen-Species-Induced Stress. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:2161. [PMID: 39125187 PMCID: PMC11313823 DOI: 10.3390/polym16152161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) conventional treatment is not curative, and it is associated with severe toxicity. Thus, natural compounds with anti-cancer properties and lower systemic toxicity, such as gallic acid (GA), have been explored as alternatives. However, GA's therapeutic effects are limited due to its rapid metabolism, low bioavailability, and low permeability across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This work aimed to develop poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) modified with folic acid (FA), as its receptor is overexpressed in BBB and GBM cells, for GA delivery to enhance its therapeutic efficacy. The preparation of NPs was optimized by a central composite design (CCD). The obtained NPs showed physicochemical features suitable for drug internalization in BBB and tumor cells (sizes below 200 nm, monodispersity, and negative surface charge) and the ability to maintain a slow and sustained release for 40 days. In vitro studies using a human GBM cell line (U215) revealed the NPs' ability to accumulate in the target cells, further promoting GA antiproliferative activity by inducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, GA encapsulation in the developed nanosystems conferred higher protection to healthy cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria João Ramalho
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (S.A.); (J.A.L.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruna Alves
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (S.A.); (J.A.L.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Stéphanie Andrade
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (S.A.); (J.A.L.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Jorge Lima
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, R. Alfredo Allen, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal;
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, Rua Júlio Amaral de Carvalho 45, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Angélica Loureiro
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (S.A.); (J.A.L.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria Carmo Pereira
- LEPABE—Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal (S.A.); (J.A.L.)
- ALiCE—Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Sedghi Aminabad N, Saeedi Y, Adiban J, Nemati M, Shaterabadi D, Najafi F, Rahbarghazi R, Talebi M, Zarebkohan A. Discovery of a Novel Dual Targeting Peptide for Human Glioma: From In Silico Simulation to Acting as Targeting Ligand. Adv Pharm Bull 2024; 14:453-468. [PMID: 39206396 PMCID: PMC11347739 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2024.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT) is a more specific, highly efficient, and reliable approach to crossing the blood-brain-barrier (BBB) and releasing the therapeutic cargos into the brain parenchyma. Methods Here, we introduced and characterized a human/mouse-specific novel leptin-derived peptide using in silico, in vitro and in vivo experiments. Results Based on the bioinformatics analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation, a 14 amino acid peptide sequence (LDP 14) was introduced and its interaction with leptin-receptor (ObR) was analyzed in comparison with an well known leptin-derived peptide, Lep 30. MD simulation data revealed a significant stable interaction between ligand binding domains (LBD) of ObR with LDP 14. Analyses demonstrated suitable cellular uptake of LDP 14 alone and its derivatives (LDP 14-modified G4 PAMAM dendrimer and LDP 14-modified G4 PAMAM/pEGFP-N1 plasmid complexes) via ObR, energy and species dependent manner (preferred uptake by human/mouse cell lines compared to rat cell line). Importantly, our findings illustrated that the entry of LDP 14-modified dendrimers in hBCEC-D3 cells not only is not affected by protein corona (PC) formation, as the main reason for diminishing the cellular uptake, but also PC per se can enhance uptake rate. Finally, fluorescein labeled LDP 14-modified G4 PAMAM dendrimers efficiently accumulated in the mice brain with lower biodistribution in other organs, in our in vivo study. Conclusion LDP 14 introduced as a novel and highly efficient ligand, which can be used for drugs/genes delivery to brain tissue in different central nervous system (CNS) disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Negar Sedghi Aminabad
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Yousef Saeedi
- Department of Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jamal Adiban
- Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Nemati
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Donya Shaterabadi
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Farhood Najafi
- Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mehdi Talebi
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical, Tabriz, Iran
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Zarebkohan
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, Advanced Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Mazahir F, Alam MI, Yadav AK. Development of nanomedicines for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease: Raison d'être, strategies, challenges and regulatory aspects. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 98:102318. [PMID: 38705362 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive loss of memory. Presently, AD is challenging to treat with current drug therapy as their delivery to the brain is restricted by the presence of the blood-brain barrier. Nanomedicines, due to their size, high surface volume ratio, and ease of tailoring drug release characteristics, showed their potential to treat AD. The nanotechnology-based formulations for brain targeting are expected to enter the market in the near future. So, regulatory frameworks are required to ensure the quality, safety, and effectiveness of the nanomedicines to treat AD. In this review, we discuss different strategies, in-vitro blood-brain permeation models, in-vivo permeation assessment, and regulatory aspects for the development of nanomedicine to treat AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Md Imtiyaz Alam
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India
| | - Awesh Kumar Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Raebareli, India.
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9
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BenDavid E, Ramezanian S, Lu Y, Rousseau J, Schroeder A, Lavertu M, Tremblay JP. Emerging Perspectives on Prime Editor Delivery to the Brain. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:763. [PMID: 38931430 PMCID: PMC11206523 DOI: 10.3390/ph17060763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Prime editing shows potential as a precision genome editing technology, as well as the potential to advance the development of next-generation nanomedicine for addressing neurological disorders. However, turning in prime editors (PEs), which are macromolecular complexes composed of CRISPR/Cas9 nickase fused with a reverse transcriptase and a prime editing guide RNA (pegRNA), to the brain remains a considerable challenge due to physiological obstacles, including the blood-brain barrier (BBB). This review article offers an up-to-date overview and perspective on the latest technologies and strategies for the precision delivery of PEs to the brain and passage through blood barriers. Furthermore, it delves into the scientific significance and possible therapeutic applications of prime editing in conditions related to neurological diseases. It is targeted at clinicians and clinical researchers working on advancing precision nanomedicine for neuropathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eli BenDavid
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Laboratory of Nanopharmacology and Pharmaceutical Nanoscience, Faculty of Pharmacy, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3525433, Israel
| | - Sina Ramezanian
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Yaoyao Lu
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Joël Rousseau
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
| | - Avi Schroeder
- Laboratory for Targeted Drug Delivery and Personalized Medicine Technologies, Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion—Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel;
| | - Marc Lavertu
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, Canada;
| | - Jacques P. Tremblay
- Division of Human Genetics, Centre de Recherche du CHU de Québec—Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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Mazrad ZAI, Refaat A, Morrow JP, Voelcker NH, Nicolazzo JA, Leiske MN, Kempe K. Folic Acid-Conjugated Brush Polymers Show Enhanced Blood-Brain Barrier Crossing in Static and Dynamic In Vitro Models Toward Brain Cancer Targeting Therapy. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2024; 10:2894-2910. [PMID: 38556768 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.3c01650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Over the past decades, evidence has consistently shown that treatment of central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke, multiple sclerosis, and brain cancer, is limited due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). To assist with the development of new therapeutics, it is crucial to engineer a drug delivery system that can cross the BBB efficiently and reach target cells within the brain. In this study, we present a potentially efficient strategy for targeted brain delivery through utilization of folic acid (FA)-conjugated brush polymers, that specifically target the reduced folate carrier (RFC, SLC19A1) expressed on brain endothelial cells. Here, azide (N3)-decorated brush polymers were prepared in a straightforward manner coupling a heterotelechelic α-NH2, ω-N3-poly(2-ethyl-2-oxazoline) (NH2-PEtOx-N3) to N-acylated poly(amino ester) (NPAE)-based brushes. Strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) 'click chemistry' with DBCO-folic acid (FA) yielded FA-brush polymers. Interestingly, while azide functionalization of the brush polymers dramatically reduced their association to brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3), the introduction of FA to azide led to a substantial accumulation of the brush polymers in hCMEC/D3 cells. The ability of the polymeric brush polymers to traverse the BBB was quantitatively assessed using different in vitro BBB models including static Transwell and microfluidic platforms. FA-brush polymers showed efficient transport across hCMEC/D3 cells in a manner dependent on FA composition, whereas nonfunctionalized brush polymers exhibited limited trafficking under the same conditions. Further, cellular uptake inhibition studies suggested that the interaction and transport pathway of FA-brush polymers across BBB relies on the RFC-mediated pathways. The potential application of the developed FA-brush polymers in brain cancer delivery was also investigated in a microfluidic model of BBB-glioblastoma. Brush polymers with more FA units successfully presented an enhanced accumulation into U-87 MG glioma cells following its BBB crossing, compared to controls. These results demonstrate that FA-modified brush polymers hold a great potential for more efficient delivery of future brain therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihnil A I Mazrad
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Ahmed Refaat
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Azarita 21521, Egypt
| | - Joshua P Morrow
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Joseph A Nicolazzo
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Meike N Leiske
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Faculty of Biology, Chemistry & Earth Sciences, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Universitätsstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Kristian Kempe
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
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Shamshiripour P, Rahnama M, Nikoobakht M, Hajiahmadi F, Moradi AR, Ahmadvand D. A dynamic study of VEGF-A siDOX-EVs trafficking through the in-vitro insert co-culture blood-brain barrier model by digital holographic microscopy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1292083. [PMID: 38529380 PMCID: PMC10961383 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1292083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Modeling the blood-brain barrier has long been a challenge for pharmacological studies. Up to the present, numerous attempts have been devoted to recapitulating the endothelial barrier in vitro to assess drug delivery vehicles' efficiency for brain disorders. In the current work, we presented a new approach for analyzing the morphometric parameters of the cells of an insert co-culture blood-brain barrier model using rat brain astrocytes, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, and rat brain pericytes. This analytical approach could aid in getting further information on drug trafficking through the blood-brain barrier and its impact on the brain indirectly. Methods In the current work, we cultured rat brain astrocytes, rat brain microvascular endothelial cells, and rat brain pericytes and then used an insert well to culture the cells in contact with each other to model the blood-brain barrier. Then, the morphometric parameters of the porous membrane of the insert well, as well as each cell type were imaged by digital holographic microscopy before and after cell seeding. At last, we performed folate conjugation on the surface of the EVs we have previously tested for glioma therapy in our previous work called VEGF-A siDOX-EVs and checked how the trafficking of EVs improves after folate conjugation as a clathrin-mediated delivery setup. the trafficking and passage of EVs were assessed by flow cytometry and morphometric analysis of the digital holographic microscopy holograms. Results Our results indicated that EVs successfully entered through the proposed endothelial barrier assessed by flow cytometry analysis and furthermore, folate conjugation significantly improved EV passage through the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, our results indicated that the VEGF-A siDOX-EVs insert cytotoxic impact on the cells of the bottom of the culture plate. Conclusion folate-conjugation on the surface of EVs improves their trafficking through the blood-brain barrier and by using digital holographic microscopy analysis, we could directly assess the morphometric changes of the blood-brain barrier cells for pharmacological purposes as an easy, label-free, and real-time analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Shamshiripour
- Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pathology, Shahid Beheshti Medical University (SBMU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrana Rahnama
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Nikoobakht
- Department of Neurosurgery, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fahimeh Hajiahmadi
- University of California San Francisco, Cellular Molecular Pharmacology School, School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ali-reza Moradi
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences, (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran
- School of NanoScience, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Davoud Ahmadvand
- Department of Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Zhang C, Zheng J, Yu X, Kuang B, Dai X, Zheng L, Yu W, Teng W, Cao H, Li M, Yao J, Liu X, Zou W. "Baihui" (DU20)-penetrating "Qubin" (GB7) acupuncture on blood-brain barrier integrity in rat intracerebral hemorrhage models via the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38379356 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blocking the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 (Ras homolog gene family member A/Rho kinase II/myosin light chain 2) signaling pathway can initiate neuroprotective mechanisms against neurological diseases such as stroke, cerebral ischemia, and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Nevertheless, it is not clear whether and how disrupting the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway changes the pathogenic processes of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). The present investigation included the injection of rat caudal vein blood into the basal ganglia area to replicate the pathophysiological conditions caused by ICH. METHODS Scalp acupuncture (SA) therapy was performed on rats with ICH at the acupuncture point "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin," and the ROCK selective inhibitor fasudil was used as a positive control to evaluate the inhibitory effect of acupuncture on the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway. Post-assessments included neurological deficits, brain edema, Evans blue extravasation, Western blot, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and transmission electron microscope imaging. RESULTS We found that ROCK II acts as a promoter of the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway, and its expression increased at 6 h after ICH, peaked at 3 days, and then decreased at 7 days after ICH, but was still higher than the pre-intervention level. According to some experimental results, although 3 days is the peak, 7 days is the best time point for acupuncture treatment. Starting from 6 h after ICH, the neurovascular structure and endothelial cell morphology around the hematoma began to change. Based on the changes in the promoter ROCK II, a 7-day time point was selected as the breakthrough point for treating ICH model rats in the main experiment. The results of this experiment showed that both SA at "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin" and treatment with fasudil could improve the expression of endothelial-related proteins by inhibiting the RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway and reduce neurological dysfunction, brain edema, and BBB permeability in rats. CONCLUSION This study found that these experimental data indicated that SA at "Baihui"-penetrating "Qubin" could preserve BBB integrity and neurological function recovery after ICH by inhibiting RhoA/ROCK II/MLC 2 signaling pathway activation and by regulating endothelial cell-related proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ce Zhang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jia Zheng
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xueping Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Binglin Kuang
- Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaohong Dai
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Clinical Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Weiwei Yu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Teng
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hongtao Cao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jiayong Yao
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoying Liu
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Niazi SK. Non-Invasive Drug Delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier: A Prospective Analysis. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2599. [PMID: 38004577 PMCID: PMC10674293 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-invasive drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a significant advancement in treating neurological diseases. The BBB is a tightly packed layer of endothelial cells that shields the brain from harmful substances in the blood, allowing necessary nutrients to pass through. It is a highly selective barrier, which poses a challenge to delivering therapeutic agents into the brain. Several non-invasive procedures and devices have been developed or are currently being investigated to enhance drug delivery across the BBB. This paper presents a review and a prospective analysis of the art and science that address pharmacology, technology, delivery systems, regulatory approval, ethical concerns, and future possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarfaraz K Niazi
- College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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14
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Kuo YC, Yen MH, De S, Rajesh R, Tai CK. Optimized lipopolymers with curcumin to enhance AZD5582 and GDC0152 activity and downregulate inhibitors of apoptosis proteins in glioblastoma multiforme. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 154:213639. [PMID: 37793310 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) propagation is a critical challenge in clinical practice because binding of inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) to caspase prevents cancer cells from death. In this study, folic acid (FA), lactoferrin (Lf) and rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) were grafted on lipopolymers (LPs) composed of poly(ε-caprolactone) and Compritol 888 ATO to encapsulate AZD5582 (AZD), GDC0152 (GDC) and curcumin (CURC). The standard deviations of initial particle diameter and particle diameter after storage for 30 days were involved in LP composition optimization. The functionalized LPs were used to permeate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and constrain IAP quantity in GBM cells. Experimental results revealed that an increase in Span 20 (emulsifier) concentration enlarged the size of LPs, and enhanced the entrapment and releasing efficiency of AZD, DGC and CURC. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra showed that the hydrogen bonds between the LPs and drugs supported the sustained release of AZD, DGC and CURC from the LPs. The LPs modified with the three targeting biomolecules facilitated the penetration of AZD, GDC and CURC across the BBB, and could recognize U87MG cells and human brain cancer stem cells. Immunofluorescence staining, flow cytometry and western blot demonstrated that CURC-incorporated LPs enhanced AZD and GDC activity in suppressing cellular IAP 1 (cIAP1) and X-linked IAP (XIAP) levels, and raising caspase-3 level in GBM. Surface FA, Lf and RVG also promoted the ability of the drug-loaded LPs to avoid carcinoma growth. The current FA-, Lf- and RVG-crosslinked LPs carrying AZD, DGC and CURC can be promising in hindering IAP expressions for GBM management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Chih Kuo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC; Advanced Institute of Manufacturing with High-tech Innovations, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Meng-Hui Yen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Sourav De
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Rajendiran Rajesh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chien-Kuo Tai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi 62102, Taiwan, ROC
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Zhang W, Zhu D, Tong Z, Peng B, Cheng X, Esser L, Voelcker NH. Influence of Surface Ligand Density and Particle Size on the Penetration of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Porous Silicon Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2271. [PMID: 37765240 PMCID: PMC10534822 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Overcoming the blood-brain barrier (BBB) remains a significant challenge with regard to drug delivery to the brain. By incorporating targeting ligands, and by carefully adjusting particle sizes, nanocarriers can be customized to improve drug delivery. Among these targeting ligands, transferrin stands out due to the high expression level of its receptor (i.e., transferrin receptor) on the BBB. Porous silicon nanoparticles (pSiNPs) are a promising drug nanocarrier to the brain due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and exceptional drug-loading capacity. However, an in-depth understanding of the optimal nanoparticle size and transferrin surface density, in order to maximize BBB penetration, is still lacking. To address this gap, a diverse library of pSiNPs was synthesized using bifunctional poly(ethylene glycol) linkers with methoxy or/and carboxyl terminal groups. These variations allowed us to explore different transferrin surface densities in addition to particle sizes. The effects of these parameters on the cellular association, uptake, and transcytosis in immortalized human brain microvascular endothelial cells (hCMEC/D3) were investigated using multiple in vitro systems of increasing degrees of complexity. These systems included the following: a 2D cell culture, a static Transwell model, and a dynamic BBB-on-a-chip model. Our results revealed the significant impact of both the ligand surface density and size of pSiNPs on their ability to penetrate the BBB, wherein intermediate-level transferrin densities and smaller pSiNPs exhibited the highest BBB transportation efficiency in vitro. Moreover, notable discrepancies emerged between the tested in vitro assays, further emphasizing the necessity of using more physiologically relevant assays, such as a microfluidic BBB-on-a-chip model, for nanocarrier testing and evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisen Zhang
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia (Z.T.)
| | - Douer Zhu
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia (Z.T.)
| | - Ziqiu Tong
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia (Z.T.)
| | - Bo Peng
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia (Z.T.)
- Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics, Xi’an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi’an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
| | - Xuan Cheng
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Lars Esser
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia (Z.T.)
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia;
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia (Z.T.)
- Melbourne Centre for Nanofabrication, Victorian Node of the Australian National Fabrication Facility, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
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Abla KK, Mehanna MM. The battle of lipid-based nanocarriers against blood-brain barrier: a critical review. J Drug Target 2023; 31:832-857. [PMID: 37577919 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2247583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system integrity is the state of brain functioning across sensory, cognitive, emotional-social behaviors, and motor domains, allowing a person to realise his full potential. Thus, brain disorders seriously affect patients' quality of life. Efficient drug delivery to treat brain disorders remains a crucial challenge due to numerous brain barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which greatly impacts the ultimate drug therapeutic efficacy. Lately, nanocarrier technology has made huge progress in overcoming these barriers by improving drug solubility, ameliorating its retention, reducing its toxicity, and targeting the encapsulated agents to different brain tissues. The current review primarily offers an overview of the different components of BBB and the progress, strategies, and contemporary applications of the nanocarriers, specifically lipid-based nanocarriers (LBNs), in treating various brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawthar K Abla
- Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Research Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Mohammed M Mehanna
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Industrial Pharmacy Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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Wei Y, Xia X, Li H, Gao H. Influence factors on and potential strategies to amplify receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery across the blood-brain barrier. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2023; 20:1713-1730. [PMID: 37542516 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2023.2245332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A major challenge in treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders is to achieve adequate drug delivery across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery as a Trojan horse strategy has become an exciting approach. However, these nanodrugs do not accumulate significantly in the brain parenchyma, which greatly limits the therapeutic effect of drugs. Amplifying the efficiency of receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery across the BBB becomes the holy grail in the treatment of CNS disorders. AREAS COVERED In this review, we tend to establish links between dynamic BBB and receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery, starting with the delivery processes across the BBB, describing factors affecting nanodrug delivery efficiency, and summarizing potential strategies that may amplify delivery efficiency. EXPERT OPINION Receptor-mediated nanodrug delivery is a common approach to significantly enhance the efficiency of brain-targeting delivery. As BBB is constantly undergoing changes, it is essential to investigate the impact of diseases on the effectiveness of brain-targeting nanodrug delivery. More critically, there are several barriers to achieving brain-targeting nanodrug delivery in the five stages of receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), and the impacts can be conflicting, requiring intricate balance. Further studies are also needed to investigate the material toxicity of nanodrugs to address the issue of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wei
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xue Xia
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hanmei Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huile Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug-Targeting and Drug Delivery System of the Education Ministry, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Wu D, Chen Q, Chen X, Han F, Chen Z, Wang Y. The blood-brain barrier: structure, regulation, and drug delivery. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:217. [PMID: 37231000 PMCID: PMC10212980 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01481-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 201.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a natural protective membrane that prevents central nervous system (CNS) from toxins and pathogens in blood. However, the presence of BBB complicates the pharmacotherapy for CNS disorders as the most chemical drugs and biopharmaceuticals have been impeded to enter the brain. Insufficient drug delivery into the brain leads to low therapeutic efficacy as well as aggravated side effects due to the accumulation in other organs and tissues. Recent breakthrough in materials science and nanotechnology provides a library of advanced materials with customized structure and property serving as a powerful toolkit for targeted drug delivery. In-depth research in the field of anatomical and pathological study on brain and BBB further facilitates the development of brain-targeted strategies for enhanced BBB crossing. In this review, the physiological structure and different cells contributing to this barrier are summarized. Various emerging strategies for permeability regulation and BBB crossing including passive transcytosis, intranasal administration, ligands conjugation, membrane coating, stimuli-triggered BBB disruption, and other strategies to overcome BBB obstacle are highlighted. Versatile drug delivery systems ranging from organic, inorganic, and biologics-derived materials with their synthesis procedures and unique physio-chemical properties are summarized and analyzed. This review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive guideline for researchers in diverse fields, offering perspectives on further development of brain-targeted drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojie Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China
| | - Feng Han
- Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular & Cerebrovascular Medicine, Drug Target and Drug Discovery Center, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
- Zhejiang Rehabilitation Medical Center, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 310053, Hangzhou, China.
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Li Y, Zhao L, Zhao Q, Zhou Y, Zhou L, Song P, Liu B, Chen Q, Deng G. Ursolic acid nanoparticles for glioblastoma therapy. NANOMEDICINE : NANOTECHNOLOGY, BIOLOGY, AND MEDICINE 2023; 50:102684. [PMID: 37100267 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2023.102684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and fatal primary tumor in the central nervous system (CNS). The effect of chemotherapy of GBM is limited due to the existence of blood-brain barrier (BBB). The aim of this study is to develop self-assembled nanoparticles (NPs) of ursolic acid (UA) for GBM treatment. METHODS UA NPs were synthesized by solvent volatilization method. Western blot analysis fluorescent staining and flow cytometry were launched to explore the anti-glioblastoma mechanism of UA NPs. The antitumor effects of UA NPs were further confirmed in vivo using intracranial xenograft models. RESULTS UA were successfully prepared. In vitro, UA NPs could significantly increase the protein levels of cleaved-caspase 3 and LC3-II to strongly eliminate glioblastoma cells through autophagy and apoptosis. In the intracranial xenograft models, UA NPs could further effectively enter the BBB, and greatly improve the survival time of the mice. CONCLUSIONS We successfully synthesized UA NPs which could effectively enter the BBB and show strong anti-tumor effect which may have great potential in the treatment of human glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Linyao Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Qingyu Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Youdong Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Long Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Ping Song
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China
| | - Baohui Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China.
| | - Qianxue Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China.
| | - Gang Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430060, PR China.
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Wu JR, Hernandez Y, Miyasaki KF, Kwon EJ. Engineered nanomaterials that exploit blood-brain barrier dysfunction fordelivery to the brain. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114820. [PMID: 37054953 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a highly regulated physical and functional boundarythat tightly controls the transport of materials between the blood and the brain. There is an increasing recognition that the BBB is dysfunctional in a wide range of neurological disorders; this dysfunction can be symptomatic of the disease but can also play a role in disease etiology. BBB dysfunction can be exploited for the delivery of therapeutic nanomaterials. Forexample, there can be a transient, physical disruption of the BBB in diseases such as brain injury and stroke, which allows temporary access of nanomaterials into the brain. Physicaldisruption of the BBB through external energy sources is now being clinically pursued toincrease therapeutic delivery into the brain. In other diseases, the BBB takes on new properties that can beleveraged by delivery carriers. For instance, neuroinflammation induces the expression ofreceptors on the BBB that can be targeted by ligand-modified nanomaterials and theendogenous homing of immune cells into the diseased brain can be hijacked for the delivery ofnanomaterials. Lastly, BBB transport pathways can be altered to increase nanomaterial transport. In this review, we will describe changes that can occur in the BBB in disease, and how these changes have been exploited by engineered nanomaterials forincreased transport into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Wu
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Yazmin Hernandez
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Katelyn F Miyasaki
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Ester J Kwon
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine.
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21
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Optical spectroscopy and nonlinearity of doxepin-loaded copper oxide nanoparticles. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02740-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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22
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Stem Cell-derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Promising Nano Delivery Platform to the Brain? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:285-308. [PMID: 36173500 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10455-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A very important cause of the frustration with drug therapy for central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the failure of drug delivery. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents most therapeutic molecules from entering the brain while maintaining CNS homeostasis. Scientists are keen to develop new brain drug delivery systems to solve this dilemma. Extracellular vesicles (EVs), as a class of naturally derived nanoscale vesicles, have been extensively studied in drug delivery due to their superior properties. This review will briefly present current brain drug delivery strategies, including invasive and non-invasive techniques that target the brain, and the application of nanocarriers developed for brain drug delivery in recent years, especially EVs. The cellular origin of EVs affects the surface protein, size, yield, luminal composition, and other properties of EVs, which are also crucial in determining whether EVs are useful as drug carriers. Stem cell-derived EVs, which inherit the properties of parental cells and avoid the drawbacks of cell therapy, have always been favored by researchers. Thus, in this review, we will focus on the application of stem cell-derived EVs for drug delivery in the CNS. Various nucleic acids, proteins, and small-molecule drugs are loaded into EVs with or without modification and undergo targeted delivery to the brain to achieve their therapeutic effects. In addition, the challenges facing the clinical application of EVs as drug carriers will also be discussed. The directions of future efforts may be to improve drug loading efficiency and precise targeting.
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23
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The Twofold Role of Osteogenic Small Molecules in Parkinson's Disease Therapeutics: Crosstalk of Osteogenesis and Neurogenesis. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3813541. [PMID: 36545269 PMCID: PMC9763015 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3813541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Deemed one of the most problematic neurodegenerative diseases in the elderly population, Parkinson's disease remains incurable to date. Ongoing diagnostic studies, however, have revealed that a large number of small molecule drugs that trigger the BMP2-Smad signaling pathway with an osteogenic nature may be effective in Parkinson's disease treatment. Although BMP2 and Smad1, 3, and 5 biomolecules promote neurite outgrowth and neuroprotection in dopaminergic cells as well, small molecules are quicker at crossing the BBB and reaching the damaged dopaminergic neurons located in the substantia nigra due to a molecular weight less than 500 Da. It is worth noting that osteogenic small molecules that inhibit Smurf1 phosphorylation do not offer therapeutic opportunities for Parkinson's disease; whereas, osteogenic small molecules that trigger Smad1, 3, and 5 phosphorylation may have strong therapeutic implications in Parkinson's disease by increasing the survival rate of dopaminergic cells and neuritogenesis. Notably, from a different perspective, it might be said that osteogenic small molecules can possibly put forth therapeutic options for Parkinson's disease by improving neuritogenesis and cell survival.
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Pawar B, Vasdev N, Gupta T, Mhatre M, More A, Anup N, Tekade RK. Current Update on Transcellular Brain Drug Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122719. [PMID: 36559214 PMCID: PMC9786068 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well known that the presence of a blood-brain barrier (BBB) makes drug delivery to the brain more challenging. There are various mechanistic routes through which therapeutic molecules travel and deliver the drug across the BBB. Among all the routes, the transcellular route is widely explored to deliver therapeutics. Advances in nanotechnology have encouraged scientists to develop novel formulations for brain drug delivery. In this article, we have broadly discussed the BBB as a limitation for brain drug delivery and ways to solve it using novel techniques such as nanomedicine, nose-to-brain drug delivery, and peptide as a drug delivery carrier. In addition, the article will help to understand the different factors governing the permeability of the BBB, as well as various formulation-related factors and the body clearance of the drug delivered into the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rakesh Kumar Tekade
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-796674550 or +91-7966745555; Fax: +91-7966745560
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25
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Zhang L, Liu Y, Huang H, Xie H, Zhang B, Xia W, Guo B. Multifunctional nanotheranostics for near infrared optical imaging-guided treatment of brain tumors. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 190:114536. [PMID: 36108792 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Malignant brain tumors, a heterogeneous group of primary and metastatic neoplasms in the central nervous system (CNS), are notorious for their highly invasive and devastating characteristics, dismal prognosis and low survival rate. Recently, near-infrared (NIR) optical imaging modalities including fluorescence imaging (FLI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) have displayed bright prospect in innovation of brain tumor diagnoses, due to their merits, like noninvasiveness, high spatiotemporal resolution, good sensitivity and large penetration depth. Importantly, these imaging techniques have been widely used to vividly guide diverse brain tumor therapies in a real-time manner with high accuracy and efficiency. Herein, we provide a systematic summary of the state-of-the-art NIR contrast agents (CAs) for brain tumors single-modal imaging (e.g., FLI and PAI), dual-modal imaging (e.g., FLI/PAI, FLI/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PAI/MRI) and triple-modal imaging (e.g., MRI/FLI/PAI and MRI/PAI/computed tomography (CT) imaging). In addition, we update the most recent progress on the NIR optical imaging-guided therapies, like single-modal (e.g., photothermal therapy (PTT), chemotherapy, surgery, photodynamic therapy (PDT), gene therapy and gas therapy), dual-modal (e.g., PTT/chemotherapy, PTT/surgery, PTT/PDT, PDT/chemotherapy, PTT/chemodynamic therapy (CDT) and PTT/gene therapy) and triple-modal (e.g., PTT/PDT/chemotherapy, PTT/PDT/surgery, PTT/PDT/gene therapy and PTT/gene/chemotherapy). Finally, we discuss the opportunities and challenges of the CAs and nanotheranostics for future clinic translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yue Liu
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haiyan Huang
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Chengdu Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Baozhu Zhang
- Department of Oncology, People's Hospital of Shenzhen Baoan District, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518101, China
| | - Wujiong Xia
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bing Guo
- School of Science, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Surface-modified lipid nanocarriers for crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB): a current overview of active targeting in brain diseases. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 221:112999. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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27
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Molecular and Cellular Interactions in Pathogenesis of Sporadic Parkinson Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113043. [PMID: 36361826 PMCID: PMC9657547 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing number of the population all around the world suffer from age-associated neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD). This disorder presents different signs of genetic, epigenetic and environmental origin, and molecular, cellular and intracellular dysfunction. At the molecular level, α-synuclein (αSyn) was identified as the principal molecule constituting the Lewy bodies (LB). The gut microbiota participates in the pathogenesis of PD and may contribute to the loss of dopaminergic neurons through mitochondrial dysfunction. The most important pathogenetic link is an imbalance of Ca2+ ions, which is associated with redox imbalance in the cells and increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this review, genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors that cause these disorders and their cause-and-effect relationships are considered. As a constituent of environmental factors, the example of organophosphates (OPs) is also reviewed. The role of endothelial damage in the pathogenesis of PD is discussed, and a ‘triple hit hypothesis’ is proposed as a modification of Braak’s dual hit one. In the absence of effective therapies for neurodegenerative diseases, more and more evidence is emerging about the positive impact of nutritional structure and healthy lifestyle on the state of blood vessels and the risk of developing these diseases.
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van den Broek SL, Shalgunov V, Herth MM. Transport of nanomedicines across the blood-brain barrier: Challenges and opportunities for imaging and therapy. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2022; 141:213125. [PMID: 36182833 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a protective and semipermeable border of endothelial cells that prevents toxins and foreign bodies to enter and damage the brain. Unfortunately, the BBB also hampers the development of pharmaceuticals targeting receptors, enzymes, or other proteins that lie beyond this barrier. Especially large molecules, such as monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) or nanoparticles, are prevented to enter the brain. The limited passage of these molecules partly explains why nanomedicines - targeting brain diseases - have not made it into the clinic to a great extent. As nanomedicines can target a wide range of targets including protein isoforms and oligomers or potentially deliver cytotoxic drugs safely to their targets, a pathway to smuggle nanomedicines into the brain would allow to treat brain diseases that are currently considered 'undruggable'. In this review, strategies to transport nanomedicines over the BBB will be discussed. Their challenges and opportunities will be highlighted with respect to their use for molecular imaging or therapies. Several strategies have been explored for this thus far. For example, carrier-mediated and receptor-mediated transcytosis (RMT), techniques to disrupt the BBB, nasal drug delivery or administering nanomedicines directly into the brain have been explored. RMT has been the most widely and successfully explored strategy. Recent work on the use of focused ultrasound based BBB opening has shown great promise. For example, successful delivery of mAbs into the brain has been achieved, even in a clinical setting. As nanomedicines bear the potential to treat incurable brain diseases, drug delivery technologies that can deliver nanomedicines into the brain will play an essential role for future treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Matthias M Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Jagtvej 160, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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29
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Smith BC, Tinkey RA, Shaw BC, Williams JL. Targetability of the neurovascular unit in inflammatory diseases of the central nervous system. Immunol Rev 2022; 311:39-49. [PMID: 35909222 PMCID: PMC9489669 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a selectively permeable barrier separating the periphery from the central nervous system (CNS). The BBB restricts the flow of most material into and out of the CNS, including many drugs that could be used as potent therapies. BBB permeability is modulated by several cells that are collectively called the neurovascular unit (NVU). The NVU consists of specialized CNS endothelial cells (ECs), pericytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. CNS ECs maintain a complex "seal" via tight junctions, forming the BBB; breakdown of these tight junctions leads to BBB disruption. Pericytes control the vascular flow within capillaries and help maintain the basal lamina. Astrocytes control much of the flow of material that has moved beyond the CNS EC layer and can form a secondary barrier under inflammatory conditions. Microglia survey the border of the NVU for noxious material. Neuronal activity also plays a role in the maintenance of the BBB. Since astrocytes, pericytes, microglia, and neurons are all able to modulate the permeability of the BBB, understating the complex contributions of each member of the NVU will potentially uncover novel and effective methods for delivery of neurotherapies to the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon C. Smith
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,Department of Biological, Geological, and Environmental SciencesCleveland State UniversityClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Rachel A. Tinkey
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,School of Biomedical SciencesKent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
| | - Benjamin C. Shaw
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA
| | - Jessica L. Williams
- Department of NeurosciencesLerner Research Institute, Cleveland ClinicClevelandOhioUSA,Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State UniversityKentOhioUSA
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30
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Parrasia S, Szabò I, Zoratti M, Biasutto L. Peptides as Pharmacological Carriers to the Brain: Promises, Shortcomings and Challenges. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3700-3729. [PMID: 36174227 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) diseases are among the most difficult to treat, mainly because the vast majority of the drugs fail to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) or to reach the brain at concentrations adequate to exert a pharmacological activity. The obstacle posed by the BBB has led to the in-depth study of strategies allowing the brain delivery of CNS-active drugs. Among the most promising strategies is the use of peptides addressed to the BBB. Peptides are versatile molecules that can be used to decorate nanoparticles or can be conjugated to drugs, with either a stable link or as pro-drugs. They have been used to deliver to the brain both small molecules and proteins, with applications in diverse therapeutic areas such as brain cancers, neurodegenerative diseases and imaging. Peptides can be generally classified as receptor-targeted, recognizing membrane proteins expressed by the BBB microvessels (e.g., Angiopep2, CDX, and iRGD), "cell-penetrating peptides" (CPPs; e.g. TAT47-57, SynB1/3, and Penetratin), undergoing transcytosis through unspecific mechanisms, or those exploiting a mixed approach. The advantages of peptides have been extensively pointed out, but so far few studies have focused on the potential negative aspects. Indeed, despite having a generally good safety profile, some peptide conjugates may display toxicological characteristics distinct from those of the peptide itself, causing for instance antigenicity, cardiovascular alterations or hemolysis. Other shortcomings are the often brief lifetime in vivo, caused by the presence of peptidases, the vulnerability to endosomal/lysosomal degradation, and the frequently still insufficient attainable increase of brain drug levels, which remain below the therapeutically useful concentrations. The aim of this review is to analyze not only the successful and promising aspects of the use of peptides in brain targeting but also the problems posed by this strategy for drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Parrasia
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ildikò Szabò
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Mario Zoratti
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Lucia Biasutto
- CNR Neuroscience Institute, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Lopes van den Broek S, Shalgunov V, García Vázquez R, Beschorner N, Bidesi NSR, Nedergaard M, Knudsen GM, Sehlin D, Syvänen S, Herth MM. Pretargeted Imaging beyond the Blood-Brain Barrier-Utopia or Feasible? Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:1191. [PMID: 36297303 PMCID: PMC9612205 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pretargeting is a promising nuclear imaging technique that allows for the usage of antibodies (Abs) with enhanced imaging contrast and reduced patient radiation burden. It is based on bioorthogonal chemistry with the tetrazine ligation-a reaction between trans-cyclooctenes (TCOs) and tetrazines (Tzs)-currently being the most popular reaction due to its high selectivity and reactivity. As Abs can be designed to bind specifically to currently 'undruggable' targets such as protein isoforms or oligomers, which play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases, pretargeted imaging beyond the BBB is highly sought after, but has not been achieved yet. A challenge in this respect is that large molecules such as Abs show poor brain uptake. Uptake can be increased by receptor mediated transcytosis; however, it is largely unknown if the achieved brain concentrations are sufficient for pretargeted imaging. In this study, we investigated whether the required concentrations are feasible to reach. As a model Ab, we used the bispecific anti-amyloid beta (Aβ) anti-transferrin receptor (TfR) Ab 3D6scFv8D3 and conjugated it to a different amount of TCOs per Ab and tested different concentrations in vitro. With this model in hand, we estimated the minimum required TCO concentration to achieve a suitable contrast between the high and low binding regions. The estimation was carried out using pretargeted autoradiography on brain sections of an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Biodistribution studies in wild-type (WT) mice were used to correlate how different TCO/Ab ratios alter the brain uptake. Pretargeted autoradiography showed that increasing the number of TCOs as well as increasing the TCO-Ab concentration increased the imaging contrast. A minimum brain concentration of TCOs for pretargeting purposes was determined to be 10.7 pmol/g in vitro. Biodistribution studies in WT mice showed a brain uptake of 1.1% ID/g using TCO-3D6scFv8D3 with 6.8 TCO/Ab. According to our estimations using the optimal parameters, pretargeted imaging beyond the BBB is not a utopia. Necessary brain TCO concentrations can be reached and are in the same order of magnitude as required to achieve sufficient contrast. This work gives a first estimate that pretargeted imaging is indeed possible with antibodies. This could allow the imaging of currently 'undruggable' targets and therefore be crucial to monitor (e.g., therapies for intractable neurodegenerative diseases).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lopes van den Broek
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vladimir Shalgunov
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rocío García Vázquez
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natalie Beschorner
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Natasha S. R. Bidesi
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M. Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Dag Sehlin
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stina Syvänen
- Rudbeck Laboratory, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, University of Uppsala, Dag Hammarskjölds väg 20, 75185 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthias M. Herth
- Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine & PET, Rigshospitalet Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Mitusova K, Peltek OO, Karpov TE, Muslimov AR, Zyuzin MV, Timin AS. Overcoming the blood-brain barrier for the therapy of malignant brain tumor: current status and prospects of drug delivery approaches. J Nanobiotechnology 2022; 20:412. [PMID: 36109754 PMCID: PMC9479308 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-022-01610-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Besides the broad development of nanotechnological approaches for cancer diagnosis and therapy, currently, there is no significant progress in the treatment of different types of brain tumors. Therapeutic molecules crossing the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reaching an appropriate targeting ability remain the key challenges. Many invasive and non-invasive methods, and various types of nanocarriers and their hybrids have been widely explored for brain tumor treatment. However, unfortunately, no crucial clinical translations were observed to date. In particular, chemotherapy and surgery remain the main methods for the therapy of brain tumors. Exploring the mechanisms of the BBB penetration in detail and investigating advanced drug delivery platforms are the key factors that could bring us closer to understanding the development of effective therapy against brain tumors. In this review, we discuss the most relevant aspects of the BBB penetration mechanisms, observing both invasive and non-invasive methods of drug delivery. We also review the recent progress in the development of functional drug delivery platforms, from viruses to cell-based vehicles, for brain tumor therapy. The destructive potential of chemotherapeutic drugs delivered to the brain tumor is also considered. This review then summarizes the existing challenges and future prospects in the use of drug delivery platforms for the treatment of brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Mitusova
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Oleksii O Peltek
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Timofey E Karpov
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
| | - Albert R Muslimov
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Ave 1, Sirius, 354340, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail V Zyuzin
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander S Timin
- Peter The Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya 29, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russian Federation.
- School of Physics and Engineering, ITMO University, Lomonosova 9, St. Petersburg, 191002, Russian Federation.
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Transferrin-Enabled Blood–Brain Barrier Crossing Manganese-Based Nanozyme for Rebalancing the Reactive Oxygen Species Level in Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14061122. [PMID: 35745695 PMCID: PMC9231148 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14061122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Acute ischemic stroke (IS) is one of the main causes of human disability and death. Therefore, multifunctional nanosystems that effectively cross the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and efficiently eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) are urgently needed for comprehensive neuroprotective effects. (2) Methods: We designed a targeted transferrin (Tf)-based manganese dioxide nanozyme (MnO2@Tf, MT) using a mild biomimetic mineralization method for rebalancing ROS levels. Furthermore, MT can be efficiently loaded with edaravone (Eda), a clinical neuroprotective agent, to obtain the Eda-MnO2@Tf (EMT) nanozyme. (3) Results: The EMT nanozyme not only accumulates in a lesion area and crosses the BBB but also possesses satisfactory biocompatibility and biosafety based on the functional inheritance of Tf. Meanwhile, EMT has intrinsic hydroxyl radical-scavenging ability and superoxide-dismutase-like and catalase-like nanozyme abilities, allowing it to ameliorate ROS-mediated damage and decrease inflammatory factor levels in vivo. Moreover, the released Mn2+ ions in the weak acid environment of the lesion area can be used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to monitor the treatment process. (4) Conclusions: Our study not only paves a way to engineer alternative targeted ROS scavengers for intensive reperfusion-induced injury in ischemic stroke but also provides new insights into the construction of bioinspired Mn-based nanozymes.
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Liu P, Jiang C. Brain-targeting drug delivery systems. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS. NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2022; 14:e1818. [PMID: 35596258 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Brain diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases, acute ischemic stroke and brain tumors, have become a major health problem and a huge burden on society with high morbidity and mortality. However, most of the current therapeutic drugs can only relieve the symptoms of brain diseases, and it is difficult to achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects fundamentally. Extensive studies have shown that the therapeutic effects of brain diseases are mainly affected by two factors: the conservation of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the complexity of the brain micro-environment. Brain-targeting drug delivery systems provide new possibilities for overcoming these barriers with versatility. In this review, it provides an overview of BBB alteration and discusses targeting delivery strategies for brain diseases therapy. Furthermore, delivery systems which are designed to modulate the brain micro-environment with synergistic effects were also highlighted. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Emerging Technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Markowicz-Piasecka M, Markiewicz A, Darłak P, Sikora J, Adla SK, Bagina S, Huttunen KM. Current Chemical, Biological, and Physiological Views in the Development of Successful Brain-Targeted Pharmaceutics. Neurotherapeutics 2022; 19:942-976. [PMID: 35391662 PMCID: PMC9294128 DOI: 10.1007/s13311-022-01228-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges with successful pharmaceutical treatments of central nervous system (CNS) diseases is the delivery of drugs into their target sites with appropriate concentrations. For example, the physically tight blood-brain barrier (BBB) effectively blocks compounds from penetrating into the brain, also by the action of metabolizing enzymes and efflux transport mechanisms. However, many endogenous compounds, including both smaller compounds and macromolecules, like amino acids, sugars, vitamins, nucleosides, hormones, steroids, and electrolytes, have their peculiar internalization routes across the BBB. These delivery mechanisms, namely carrier-mediated transport and receptor-mediated transcytosis have been utilized to some extent in brain-targeted drug development. The incomplete knowledge of the BBB and the smaller than a desirable number of chemical tools have hindered the development of successful brain-targeted pharmaceutics. This review discusses the recent advancements achieved in the field from the point of medicinal chemistry view and discusses how brain drug delivery can be improved in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Markowicz-Piasecka
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Agata Markiewicz
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Patrycja Darłak
- Students Research Group, Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Joanna Sikora
- Department of Bioinorganic Chemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Santosh Kumar Adla
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (IOCB), Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo Namesti 542/2, 160 00 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Sreelatha Bagina
- Charles River Discovery Research Services Finland Oy, Neulaniementie 4, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kristiina M. Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Yliopistonranta 1C, POB 1627, 70211 Kuopio, Finland
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Amiri M, Jafari S, Kurd M, Mohamadpour H, Khayati M, Ghobadinezhad F, Tavallaei O, Derakhshankhah H, Sadegh Malvajerd S, Izadi Z. Engineered Solid Lipid Nanoparticles and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers as New Generations of Blood-Brain Barrier Transmitters. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:4475-4490. [PMID: 34841846 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is considered as the most challenging barrier in brain drug delivery. Indeed, there is a definite link between the BBB integrity defects and central nervous systems (CNS) disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers, increasing concerns in the contemporary era because of the inability of most therapeutic approaches. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) have already been identified as having several advantages in facilitating the transportation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic agents across the BBB. This review first explains BBB functions and its challenges in brain drug delivery, followed by a brief description of nanoparticle-based drug delivery for brain diseases. A detailed presentation of recent progressions in optimizing SLNs and NLCs for controlled release drug delivery, gene therapy, targeted drug delivery, and diagnosis of neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancers is approached. Finally, the problems, challenges, and future perspectives in optimizing these carriers for potential clinical application were described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Amiri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Samira Jafari
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kurd
- Trita Nanomedicine Research Center (TNRC), Trita Third Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Tehran 15469-13111, Iran
| | - Hamed Mohamadpour
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Maryam Khayati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45139-56184, Iran
| | - Farbod Ghobadinezhad
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Student’s Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Omid Tavallaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Hossein Derakhshankhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
| | - Soroor Sadegh Malvajerd
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
| | - Zhila Izadi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6715847141, Iran
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Achar A, Myers R, Ghosh C. Drug Delivery Challenges in Brain Disorders across the Blood-Brain Barrier: Novel Methods and Future Considerations for Improved Therapy. Biomedicines 2021; 9:1834. [PMID: 34944650 PMCID: PMC8698904 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9121834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to the physiological and structural properties of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), the delivery of drugs to the brain poses a unique challenge in patients with central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Several strategies have been investigated to circumvent the barrier for CNS therapeutics such as in epilepsy, stroke, brain cancer and traumatic brain injury. In this review, we summarize current and novel routes of drug interventions, discuss pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics at the neurovascular interface, and propose additional factors that may influence drug delivery. At present, both technological and mechanistic tools are devised to assist in overcoming the BBB for more efficient and improved drug bioavailability in the treatment of clinically devastating brain disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesha Achar
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosemary Myers
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (R.M.)
| | - Chaitali Ghosh
- Cerebrovascular Research, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (R.M.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Molecular Medicine, Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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Lu Z, Xu X, Li D, Sun N, Lin S. Comprehensive Analysis of Mouse Hippocampal Lysine Acetylome Mediated by Sea Cucumber Peptides Preventing Memory Impairment. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12333-12343. [PMID: 34633809 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Memory impairment is becoming a potential health issue with the delicacy of diet and social stress. Sea cucumber peptides (SCP) prevent memory impairment, as previously reported. In this study, further research was performed using hippocampal lysine-acetylome to explore molecular regulation mechanisms. C57BL/6 mice were treated with scopolamine via intraperitoneal injection to simulate memory impairment. To determine the influence of SCP on the total acetylated-protein level of the hippocampus, acetylated-proteomics was performed. SCP increased the acetylation level of histone (H3 and H4). Meanwhile, for non-histones, the differentially acetylated proteins were involved in multiple memory-related pathways, as shown by KEGG enrichment analysis. Additionally, long-term potentiation was confirmed by western blotting. Finally, a combined analysis of proteome and lysine acetylome revealed that SCP contributed to synaptic vesicle cycle regulation and dopamine metabolism. Consequently, our findings revealed that SCP was potentially neuroprotective by regulating post-transcriptional hippocampal protein acetylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Xiaomeng Xu
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Dongmei Li
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Na Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
| | - Songyi Lin
- National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, P.R. China
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Satapathy MK, Yen TL, Jan JS, Tang RD, Wang JY, Taliyan R, Yang CH. Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs): An Advanced Drug Delivery System Targeting Brain through BBB. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1183. [PMID: 34452143 PMCID: PMC8402065 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) plays a vital role in the protection and maintenance of homeostasis in the brain. In this way, it is an interesting target as an interface for various types of drug delivery, specifically in the context of the treatment of several neuropathological conditions where the therapeutic agents cannot cross the BBB. Drug toxicity and on-target specificity are among some of the limitations associated with current neurotherapeutics. In recent years, advances in nanodrug delivery have enabled the carrier system containing the active therapeutic drug to target the signaling pathways and pathophysiology that are closely linked to central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Huntington's disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), brain tumor, epilepsy, ischemic stroke, and neurodegeneration. At present, among the nano formulations, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) have emerged as a putative drug carrier system that can deliver the active therapeutics (drug-loaded SLNs) across the BBB at the target site of the brain, offering a novel approach with controlled drug delivery, longer circulation time, target specificity, and higher efficacy, and more importantly, reducing toxicity in a biomimetic way. This paper highlights the synthesis and application of SLNs as a novel nontoxic formulation strategy to carry CNS drugs across the BBB to improve the use of therapeutics agents in treating major neurological disorders in future clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mantosh Kumar Satapathy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ting-Lin Yen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Department of Medical Research, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei 22174, Taiwan
| | - Jing-Shiun Jan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
| | - Ruei-Dun Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
| | - Jia-Yi Wang
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan;
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Neuropsychopharmacology Division, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani 333031, India;
| | - Chih-Hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, No. 250, Wu Hsing St., Taipei 110, Taiwan; (M.K.S.); (T.-L.Y.); (J.-S.J.); (R.-D.T.)
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
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Beg U, Snyder BM, Madhani SI, Hamidi N, Padmanaban V, Tuanquin LC, Kruser TJ, Connor J, Mansouri A. Current Landscape and Future Prospects of Radiation Sensitizers for Malignant Brain Tumors: A Systematic Review. World Neurosurg 2021; 151:e839-e856. [PMID: 33974987 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2021.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiation therapy (RT) is the cornerstone of management of malignant brain tumors, but its efficacy is limited in hypoxic tumors. Although numerous radiosensitizer compounds have been developed to enhance the effect of RT, progress has been stagnant. Through this systematic review, we provide an overview of radiosensitizers developed for malignant brain tumors, summarize their safety and efficacy, and evaluate areas for possible improvement. METHODS Following PRISMA guidelines, PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched using terminology pertaining to radiosensitizers for brain tumor RT. Articles reporting clinical evidence of nonantineoplastic radiosensitizers with RT for malignant central nervous system tumors were included. Data of interest were presumed mechanism of action, median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse events. RESULTS Twenty-two unique radiosensitizers were identified. Only 2/22 agents (fluosol with oxygen, and efaproxiral) showed improvement in OS in patients with glioblastoma and brain metastasis, respectively. A larger study was not able to confirm the latter. Improved PFS was reported with use of metronidazole, sodium glycididazole, and chloroquine. There was a wide range of toxicities, which prompted change of schedule or complete discontinuation of 9 agents. CONCLUSIONS Progress in radiosensitizers for malignant CNS tumors has been limited. Only 2 radiosensitizers have shown limited improvement in survival. Alternative strategies such as synthetic drug design, based on a mechanism of action that is independent of crossing the blood-brain barrier, may be necessary. Use of drug development strategies using new technologies to overcome past challenges is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Beg
- Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Nima Hamidi
- Midwestern University Arizona College of Osteopathic Medicine, Glendale, Arizona, USA
| | - Varun Padmanaban
- Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - James Connor
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn State Department of Neurosurgery, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alireza Mansouri
- Penn State Cancer Institute, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA; Penn State Department of Neurosurgery, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA.
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