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Liu D, Bhunia AK. Anchorless Bacterial Moonlighting Metabolic Enzymes Modulate the Immune System and Contribute to Pathogenesis. ACS Infect Dis 2024; 10:2551-2566. [PMID: 39066728 DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.4c00323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
Moonlighting proteins (MPs), characterized by their ability to perform multiple physiologically unrelated functions without alterations to their primary structures, represent a fascinating class of biomolecules with significant implications for host-pathogen interactions. This Review highlights the emerging importance of metabolic moonlighting proteins (MetMPs) in bacterial pathogenesis, focusing on their non-canonical secretion and unconventional surface anchoring mechanisms. Despite lacking typical signal peptides and anchoring motifs, MetMPs such as acetaldehyde alcohol dehydrogenase (AdhE) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) are secreted and localized to the bacterial surface under stress conditions, facilitating host colonization and immune evasion. The secretion of MetMPs, often observed during conditions such as resource scarcity or infection, suggests a complex regulation akin to the overexpression of heat shock proteins in response to environmental stresses. This Review proposes two potential pathways for MetMP secretion: membrane damage-induced permeability and co-transportation with traditionally secreted proteins, highlighting a remarkable bacterial adaptability. Biophysically, surface anchoring of MetMPs is driven by electrostatic interactions, bypassing the need for conventional anchoring sequences. This mechanism is exemplified by the interaction between the bifunctional enzyme AdhE (known as Listeria adhesion protein, LAP) and the internalin B (InlB) in Listeria monocytogenes, which is mediated by charged residues facilitating adhesion to host tissues. Furthermore, MetMPs play critical roles in iron homeostasis, immune modulation, and evasion, underscoring their multifaceted roles in bacterial pathogenicity. The intricate dynamics of MetMP secretion and anchoring underline the need for further research to unravel the molecular mechanisms underpinning these processes, offering potential new targets for therapeutic intervention against bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongqi Liu
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Arun K Bhunia
- Molecular Food Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Food Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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2
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Barber MF, Fitzgerald JR. Mechanisms of host adaptation by bacterial pathogens. FEMS Microbiol Rev 2024; 48:fuae019. [PMID: 39003250 PMCID: PMC11308195 DOI: 10.1093/femsre/fuae019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The emergence of new infectious diseases poses a major threat to humans, animals, and broader ecosystems. Defining factors that govern the ability of pathogens to adapt to new host species is therefore a crucial research imperative. Pathogenic bacteria are of particular concern, given dwindling treatment options amid the continued expansion of antimicrobial resistance. In this review, we summarize recent advancements in the understanding of bacterial host species adaptation, with an emphasis on pathogens of humans and related mammals. We focus particularly on molecular mechanisms underlying key steps of bacterial host adaptation including colonization, nutrient acquisition, and immune evasion, as well as suggest key areas for future investigation. By developing a greater understanding of the mechanisms of host adaptation in pathogenic bacteria, we may uncover new strategies to target these microbes for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases in humans, animals, and the broader environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew F Barber
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
- Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, United States
| | - J Ross Fitzgerald
- The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, United Kingdom
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Merlot E, Clouard C, Resmond R, Robert C, Ferchaud S, Prunier A. Effects of natural oral alternatives to parental iron supplementation on haematological and health-related blood parameters of organic piglets. Animal 2024; 18:101194. [PMID: 39213908 DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2024.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The most common and efficient iron supply to prevent neonatal anaemia in piglets is the injection of iron dextran or gleptoferron. This treatment is problematic in organic farms because organic specifications strictly limit the use of chemically synthesised allopathic drugs. Based on the observation that piglets raised outdoors rarely develop anaemia, we hypothesised that piglets satisfy their iron needs by ingesting soil from their environment. Therefore, we compared the efficacy of a 100-mg intramuscular iron dextran injection (Iron, 8 litters, n = 98 piglets) at 4 days (d) of age (d4), to a daily ad libitum supply of dried soil (Soil, 8 litters, n = 101) or dried peat-like river silt (Peat, 8 litters, n = 102) from d4 to weaning (at 49 days of age, d49). Pigs were raised according to organic farming rules. Blood was collected on three males and three females per litter on d4, 20, 41, 50 and 69. BW was similar in the three groups on d4, 20, 41, 50 and 69 (P > 0.1). During the experiment, piglets were affected by a severe digestive E. coli episode but litter mortality rate between d4 and d69 did not differ between groups (P > 0.1). Blood haemoglobin concentration (Hb) was similar in all groups on d4, 50 and 69. However, on d20, Hb was higher in Peat and Iron groups than in the Soil group (P < 0.001), and on d41 and d50, Hb was higher in the Peat group than in Iron and Soil groups (P < 0.001). Mean red blood cell volume (RBCV) remained stable over time in the Peat group. In comparison, RBCV dropped in the Soil group on d20 and d41 (P < 0.001), and in the Iron group on d41 (P < 0.001). Soil and Iron group RBCV returned values similar to the Peat group by d69 (P > 0.1). In conclusion, soil supply in the pen was not sufficient to ensure a satisfactory iron intake in piglets, unlike peat-like river silt, which enable to reach haemoglobin concentrations above 80 mg/mL for over 90% of the piglets from d20 and, over 100% of piglets at weaning. The daily supply of the silt proved more efficient than the 100-mg iron injection beyond 20 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Merlot
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 35590 Saint Gilles, France.
| | - C Clouard
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - R Resmond
- IGEPP, INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, Université de Rennes 1, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - C Robert
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
| | - S Ferchaud
- GENESI, INRAE, Venours, 86480 Rouillé, France
| | - A Prunier
- PEGASE, INRAE, Institut Agro Rennes-Angers, 35590 Saint Gilles, France
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Melchior K, Gerner RR, Hossain S, Nuccio SP, Moreira CG, Raffatellu M. IL-22-dependent responses and their role during Citrobacter rodentium infection. Infect Immun 2024; 92:e0009924. [PMID: 38557196 PMCID: PMC11075456 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00099-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The mouse pathogen Citrobacter rodentium is utilized as a model organism for studying infections caused by the human pathogens enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) and to elucidate mechanisms of mucosal immunity. In response to C. rodentium infection, innate lymphoid cells and T cells secrete interleukin (IL)-22, a cytokine that promotes mucosal barrier function. IL-22 plays a pivotal role in enabling mice to survive and recover from C. rodentium infection, although the exact mechanisms involved remain incompletely understood. Here, we investigated whether particular components of the host response downstream of IL-22 contribute to the cytokine's protective effects during C. rodentium infection. In line with previous research, mice lacking the IL-22 gene (Il22-/- mice) were highly susceptible to C. rodentium infection. To elucidate the role of specific antimicrobial proteins modulated by IL-22, we infected the following knockout mice: S100A9-/- (calprotectin), Lcn2-/- (lipocalin-2), Reg3b-/- (Reg3β), Reg3g-/- (Reg3γ), and C3-/- (C3). All knockout mice tested displayed a considerable level of resistance to C. rodentium infection, and none phenocopied the lethality observed in Il22-/- mice. By investigating another arm of the IL-22 response, we observed that C. rodentium-infected Il22-/- mice exhibited an overall decrease in gene expression related to intestinal barrier integrity as well as significantly elevated colonic inflammation, gut permeability, and pathogen levels in the spleen. Taken together, these results indicate that host resistance to lethal C. rodentium infection may depend on multiple antimicrobial responses acting in concert, or that other IL-22-regulated processes, such as tissue repair and maintenance of epithelial integrity, play crucial roles in host defense to attaching and effacing pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karine Melchior
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Romana R. Gerner
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- School of Life Sciences, ZIEL – Institute for Food and Health, Freising-Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Suzana Hossain
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Cristiano Gallina Moreira
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, California, USA
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Fang Z, Wang C, Zhu J, Gou Y. Iron overload promotes hemochromatosis-associated osteoarthritis via the mTORC1-p70S6K/4E-BP1 pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 131:111848. [PMID: 38479156 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.111848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUNDS Joint iron overload in hemochromatosis induces M1 polarization in synovial macrophages, releasing pro-inflammatory factors and leading to osteoarthritis development. However, the mechanism by which iron overload regulates M1 polarization remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the mechanism by which synovial iron overload promotes macrophage M1 polarization. METHODS In vitro, RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with iron and divided into five groups based on the concentration of the iron chelator, desferrioxamine (DFO): Ctrl, Fe, DFO1, DFO2, and DFO3. In vivo, rats were categorized into five groups based on iron overload and intra-articular DFO injection: A-Ctrl, A-Fe, A-DFO1, A-DFO2, and A-DFO3. Osteoarthritis was induced by transecting the left knee anterior cruciate ligament. Macrophage morphology was observed; Prussian Blue staining quantified iron deposition in macrophages, synovium, and liver; serum iron concentration was measured using the ferrozine method; cartilage damage was assessed using H&E and Safranin O-Fast Green staining; qPCR detected iNOS and Arg-1 expression; Western Blot analyzed the protein expression of iNOS, Arg-1, 4E-BP1, phosphorylated 4E-BP1, p70S6K, and phosphorylated p70S6K; ELISA measured TNF-α and IL-6 concentrations in supernatants; and immunohistochemistry examined the protein expression of F4/80, iNOS, Arg-1, 4E-BP1, phosphorylated 4E-BP1, p70S6K, and phosphorylated p70S6K in the synovium. RESULTS In vitro, iron-treated macrophages exhibited Prussian Blue staining indicative of iron overload and morphological changes towards M1 polarization. qPCR and Western Blot revealed increased expression of the M1 polarization markers iNOS and its protein. ELISA showed elevated TNF-α and IL-6 levels in supernatants. In vivo, ferrozine assay indicated significantly increased serum iron concentrations in all groups except A-Ctrl; Prussian Blue staining showed increased liver iron deposition in all groups except A-Ctrl. Iron deposition in rat synovium decreased in a DFO concentration-dependent manner; immunohistochemistry showed a corresponding decrease in iNOS and phosphorylated 4E-BP1 expression, and an increase in Arg-1 expression. CONCLUSION Intracellular iron overload may exacerbate joint cartilage damage by promoting synovial macrophage M1 polarization through phosphorylation of 4E-BP1 in the mTORC1-p70S6K/4E-BP1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Fang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Chengwei Wang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
| | - Jiang Zhu
- General Surgery department, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medicine Institute, First Teaching Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Yangyang Gou
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China.
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Czech M, Schneider S, Peltokangas N, El Khawanky N, Ghimire S, Andrieux G, Hülsdünker J, Krausz M, Proietti M, Braun LM, Rückert T, Langenbach M, Schmidt D, Martin I, Wenger V, de Vega E, Haring E, Pourjam M, Pfeifer D, Schmitt-Graeff A, Grimbacher B, Aumann K, Kircher B, Tilg H, Raffatellu M, Thiele Orberg E, Häcker G, Duyster J, Köhler N, Holler E, Nachbaur D, Boerries M, Gerner RR, Grün D, Zeiser R. Lipocalin-2 expression identifies an intestinal regulatory neutrophil population during acute graft-versus-host disease. Sci Transl Med 2024; 16:eadi1501. [PMID: 38381845 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adi1501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a life-threatening complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), for which therapeutic options are limited. Strategies to promote intestinal tissue tolerance during aGVHD may improve patient outcomes. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, we identified a lipocalin-2 (LCN2)-expressing neutrophil population in mice with intestinal aGVHD. Transfer of LCN2-overexpressing neutrophils or treatment with recombinant LCN2 reduced aGVHD severity, whereas the lack of epithelial or hematopoietic LCN2 enhanced aGVHD severity and caused microbiome alterations. Mechanistically, LCN2 induced insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling in macrophages through the LCN2 receptor SLC22A17, which increased interleukin-10 (IL-10) production and reduced major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) expression. Transfer of LCN2-pretreated macrophages reduced aGVHD severity but did not reduce graft-versus-leukemia effects. Furthermore, LCN2 expression correlated with IL-10 expression in intestinal biopsies in multiple cohorts of patients with aGVHD, and LCN2 induced IGF-1R signaling in human macrophages. Collectively, we identified a LCN2-expressing intestinal neutrophil population that reduced aGVHD severity by decreasing MHCII expression and increasing IL-10 production in macrophages. This work provides the foundation for administration of LCN2 as a therapeutic approach for aGVHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Czech
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sophia Schneider
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nina Peltokangas
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TranslaTUM, Center for Translational Cancer Research, 81675 Munich, Germany
| | - Sakhila Ghimire
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Geoffroy Andrieux
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Hülsdünker
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Máté Krausz
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michele Proietti
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
- RESIST-Cluster of Excellence 2155, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Lukas M Braun
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tamina Rückert
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marlene Langenbach
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dominik Schmidt
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ina Martin
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valentin Wenger
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Enrique de Vega
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eileen Haring
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mohsen Pourjam
- Core Facility Microbiome, ZIEL Institute of Food and Health, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Dietmar Pfeifer
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Bodo Grimbacher
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- DZIF-German Center for Infection Research, Satellite Center Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- RESIST-Cluster of Excellence 2155 to Hannover Medical School, Satellite Center Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Aumann
- Department of Pathology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Kircher
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Herbert Tilg
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92123-0735, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Erik Thiele Orberg
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner-site Munich, a partnership between DKFZ and Klinikum rechts der Isar, 81675 Munich, Germany
- Bavarian Cancer Research Center (BZKF), 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Georg Häcker
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Justus Duyster
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg Germany
| | - Natalie Köhler
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS-Centre for Integrative Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ernst Holler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Haematology and Internal Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - David Nachbaur
- Department of Internal Medicine V, Hematology and Oncology, Medical University Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Melanie Boerries
- Institute of Medical Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79110 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital rechts der Isar, TUM School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, 81675 Munich, Germany
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, ZIEL Institute for Food & Health, 85354 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany
| | - Dominic Grün
- Würzburg Institute of Systems Immunology, Max Planck Research Group at the Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, 97078 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Robert Zeiser
- Department of Medicine I, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner site Freiburg, a partnership between DKFZ and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Freiburg (CCCF), Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg Germany
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7
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Kamel M, Aleya S, Alsubih M, Aleya L. Microbiome Dynamics: A Paradigm Shift in Combatting Infectious Diseases. J Pers Med 2024; 14:217. [PMID: 38392650 PMCID: PMC10890469 DOI: 10.3390/jpm14020217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Infectious diseases have long posed a significant threat to global health and require constant innovation in treatment approaches. However, recent groundbreaking research has shed light on a previously overlooked player in the pathogenesis of disease-the human microbiome. This review article addresses the intricate relationship between the microbiome and infectious diseases and unravels its role as a crucial mediator of host-pathogen interactions. We explore the remarkable potential of harnessing this dynamic ecosystem to develop innovative treatment strategies that could revolutionize the management of infectious diseases. By exploring the latest advances and emerging trends, this review aims to provide a new perspective on combating infectious diseases by targeting the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Kamel
- Department of Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza 11221, Egypt
| | - Sami Aleya
- Faculty of Medecine, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Hauts-du-Chazal, 25030 Besançon, France
| | - Majed Alsubih
- Department of Civil Engineering, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Laboratoire de Chrono-Environnement, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté, UMR CNRS 6249, La Bouloie, 25030 Besançon, France
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8
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Zangara MT, Darwish L, Coombes BK. Characterizing the Pathogenic Potential of Crohn's Disease-Associated Adherent-Invasive Escherichia coli. EcoSal Plus 2023; 11:eesp00182022. [PMID: 37220071 PMCID: PMC10729932 DOI: 10.1128/ecosalplus.esp-0018-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The microbiome of Crohn's disease (CD) patients is composed of a microbial community that is considered dysbiotic and proinflammatory in nature. The overrepresentation of Enterobacteriaceae species is a common feature of the CD microbiome, and much attention has been given to understanding the pathogenic role this feature plays in disease activity. Over 2 decades ago, a new Escherichia coli subtype called adherent-invasive E. coli (AIEC) was isolated and linked to ileal Crohn's disease. Since the isolation of the first AIEC strain, additional AIEC strains have been isolated from both inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients and non-IBD individuals using the original in vitro phenotypic characterization methods. Identification of a definitive molecular marker of the AIEC pathotype has been elusive; however, significant advancements have been made in understanding the genetic, metabolic, and virulence determinants of AIEC infection biology. Here, we review the current knowledge of AIEC pathogenesis to provide additional, objective measures that could be considered in defining AIEC and their pathogenic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan T. Zangara
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Darwish
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian K. Coombes
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Reasoner SA, Flores V, Van Horn G, Morales G, Peard LM, Abelson B, Manuel C, Lee J, Baker B, Williams T, Schmitz JE, Clayton DB, Hadjifrangiskou M. Survey of the infant male urobiome and genomic analysis of Actinotignum spp. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2023; 9:91. [PMID: 38040700 PMCID: PMC10692110 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-023-00457-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The urinary bladder harbors a community of microbes termed the urobiome, which remains understudied. In this study, we present the urobiome of healthy infant males from samples collected by transurethral catheterization. Using a combination of enhanced culture and amplicon sequencing, we identify several common bacterial genera that can be further investigated for their effects on urinary health across the lifespan. Many genera were shared between all samples suggesting a consistent urobiome composition among this cohort. We note that, for this cohort, early life exposures including mode of birth (vaginal vs. Cesarean section), or prior antibiotic exposure did not influence urobiome composition. In addition, we report the isolation of culturable bacteria from the bladders of these infant males, including Actinotignum spp., a bacterial genus that has been associated with urinary tract infections in older male adults. Herein, we isolate and sequence 9 distinct strains of Actinotignum spp. enhancing the genomic knowledge surrounding this genus and opening avenues for delineating the microbiology of this urobiome constituent. Furthermore, we present a framework for using the combination of culture-dependent and sequencing methodologies for uncovering mechanisms in the urobiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seth A Reasoner
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Viktor Flores
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Gerald Van Horn
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology (CPMi), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Grace Morales
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Leslie M Peard
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Benjamin Abelson
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Carmila Manuel
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jessica Lee
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Bailey Baker
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy Williams
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan E Schmitz
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Center for Personalized Microbiology (CPMi), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Douglass B Clayton
- Division of Pediatric Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Maria Hadjifrangiskou
- Division of Molecular Pathogenesis, Department of Pathology, Microbiology & Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Center for Personalized Microbiology (CPMi), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
- Department of Urology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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10
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Yao T, Li L. The influence of microbiota on ferroptosis in intestinal diseases. Gut Microbes 2023; 15:2263210. [PMID: 37795964 PMCID: PMC10557621 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2263210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a distinctive form of iron-dependent necrotic cell death, characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation on cellular membranes and compromised cellular antioxidant defenses. Multiple metabolic pathways, including iron and lipid metabolism, as well as antioxidant systems, contribute to the execution of ferroptosis. The gut microbiota exerts regulatory effects on ferroptosis through its microbial composition, biological functions, and metabolites. Notably, most pathogenic bacteria tend to promote ferroptosis, thereby inducing or exacerbating diseases, while most probiotics have been shown to protect against cell death. Given microbiota colonization in the gut, an intimate association is found between intestinal diseases and microbiota. This review consolidates the essential aspects of ferroptotic processes, emphasizing key molecules and delineating the intricate interplay between gut microbiota and ferroptosis. Moreover, this review underscores the potential utility of gut microbiota modulation in regulating ferroptosis for the treatment of intestinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Yao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
| | - Lanjuan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, National Medical Center for Infectious Diseases, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou City, China
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11
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Bharathan G, Mundra S, Darwich DM, Saeed MM, Al Hafri ASA, Alsalmi MMSM, Maqsood S, Mudgil P, Fanning S, Srikumar S. Regulation of iron metabolism is critical for the survival of Salmonella Typhimurium in pasteurized milk. Food Microbiol 2023; 115:104326. [PMID: 37567619 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2023.104326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella is known to survive in raw/pasteurized milk and cause foodborne outbreaks. Lactoferrin, present in milk from all animal sources, is an iron-binding glycoprotein that limits the availability of iron to pathogenic bacteria. Despite the presence of lactoferrins, Salmonella can grow in milk obtained from different animal sources. However, the mechanism by which Salmonella overcomes iron scarcity induced by lactoferrin in milk is not evaluated yet. Salmonella employs the DNA binding transcriptional regulator Fur (ferric update regulator) to mediate iron uptake during survival in iron deplete conditions. To understand the importance of Fur in Salmonella milk growth, we profiled the growth of Salmonella Typhimurium Δfur (ST4/74Δfur) in both bovine and camel milk. ST4/74Δfur was highly inhibited in milk compared to wild-type ST4/74, confirming the importance of Fur mediated regulation of iron metabolism in Salmonella milk growth. We further studied the biology of ST4/74Δfur to understand the importance of iron metabolism in Salmonella milk survival. Using increasing concentrations of FeCl3, and the antibiotic streptonigrin we show that iron accumulates in the cytoplasm of ST4/74Δfur. We hypothesized that the accumulated iron could activate oxidative stress via Fenton's reaction leading to growth inhibition. However, the inhibition of ST4/74Δfur in milk was not due to Fenton's reaction, but due to the 'iron scarce' conditions of milk and microaerophilic incubation conditions which made the presence of the fur gene indispensable for Salmonella milk growth. Subsequently, survival studies of 14 other transcriptional mutants of ST4/74 in milk confirmed that RpoE-mediated response to extracytoplasmic stress is also important for the survival of Salmonella in milk. Though we have data only for fur and rpoE, many other Salmonella transcriptional factors could play important roles in the growth of Salmonella in milk, a theme for future research on Salmonella milk biology. Nevertheless, our data provide early insights into the biology of milk-associated Salmonella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greeshma Bharathan
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sunil Mundra
- Department of Biology, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates; Khalifa Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Dania Mustafa Darwich
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Maitha Mohammad Saeed
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ahad Saeed Ali Al Hafri
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Sajid Maqsood
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priti Mudgil
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates
| | - Séamus Fanning
- UCD-Centre for Food Safety, Science Centre South, University College Dublin, Dublin, D04 N2E5, Ireland
| | - Shabarinath Srikumar
- Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, UAE University, Al Ain, 15551, United Arab Emirates.
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12
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Abstract
In order for successful fecal-oral transmission, enteric bacterial pathogens have to successfully compete with the intestinal microbiota and reach high concentrations during infection. Vibrio cholerae requires cholera toxin (CT) to cause diarrheal disease, which is thought to promote the fecal-oral transmission of the pathogen. Besides inducing diarrheal disease, the catalytic activity of CT also alters host intestinal metabolism, which promotes the growth of V. cholerae during infection through the acquisition of host-derived nutrients. Furthermore, recent studies have found that CT-induced disease activates a niche-specific suite of V. cholerae genes during infection, some of which may be important for fecal-oral transmission of the pathogen. Our group is currently exploring the concept that CT-induced disease promotes the fecal-oral transmission of V. cholerae by modulating both host and pathogen metabolism. Furthermore, the role of the intestinal microbiota in pathogen growth and transmission during toxin-induced disease merits further investigation. These studies open the door to investigating whether other bacterial toxins also enhance pathogen growth and transmission during infection, which may shed light on the design of novel therapeutics for intervention or prevention of diarrheal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire M. L. Chapman
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Andrew Kapinos
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Fabian Rivera-Chávez
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems and Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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13
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Gao M, Zhao T, Zhang C, Li P, Wang J, Han J, Zhang N, Pang B, Liu S. Ferritinophagy-mediated iron competition in RUTIs: Tug-of-war between UPEC and host. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 163:114859. [PMID: 37167722 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the main pathogen of recurrent urinary tract infections (RUTIs). Urinary tract infection is a complicated interaction between UPEC and the host. During infection, UPEC can evade the host's immune response and retain in bladder epithelial cells, which requires adequate nutritional support. Iron is the first necessary trace element in life and a key nutritional factor, making it an important part of the competition between UPEC and the host. On the one hand, UPEC grabs iron to satisfy its reproduction, on the other hand, the host relies on iron to build nutritional immunity defenses against UPEC. Ferritinophagy is a selective autophagy of ferritin mediated by nuclear receptor coactivator 4, which is not only a way for the host to regulate iron metabolism to maintain iron homeostasis, but also a key point of competition between the host and UPEC. Although recent studies have confirmed the role of ferritinophagy in the progression of many diseases, the mechanism of potential interactions between ferritinophagy in UPEC and the host is poorly understood. In this paper, we reviewed the potential mechanisms of ferritinophagy-mediated iron competition in the UPEC-host interactions. This competitive relationship, like a tug-of-war, is a confrontation between the capability of UPEC to capture iron and the host's nutritional immunity defense, which could be the trigger for RUTIs. Therefore, understanding ferritinophagy-mediated iron competition may provide new strategies for exploring effective antibiotic alternative therapies to prevent and treat RUTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Gao
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory 9 Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Chuanlong Zhang
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Key Laboratory for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory 9 Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiazhe Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiatong Han
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Bo Pang
- International Medical Department of Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China.
| | - Shiwei Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, Wangjing Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100102, China.
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14
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Hadjifrangiskou M, Reasoner S, Flores V, Van Horn G, Morales G, Peard L, Abelson B, Manuel C, Lee J, Baker B, Williams T, Schmitz J, Clayton D. Defining the Infant Male Urobiome and Moving Towards Mechanisms in Urobiome Research. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-2618137. [PMID: 36945625 PMCID: PMC10029076 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2618137/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
The urinary bladder harbors a community of microbes termed the urobiome, which remains understudied. In this study, we present the urobiome of healthy infant males from samples collected by transurethral catheterization. Using a combination of extended culture and amplicon sequencing, we identify several common bacterial genera that can be further investigated for their effects on urinary health across the lifespan. Many genera were shared between all samples suggesting a consistent urobiome composition among this cohort. We note that, for this cohort, early life exposures including mode of birth (vaginal vs. Caesarean section), or prior antibiotic exposure did not influence urobiome composition. In addition, we report the isolation of culturable bacteria from the bladders of these infant males, including Actinotignum schaalii, a bacterial species that has been associated with urinary tract infection in older male adults. Herein, we isolate and sequence 9 distinct strains of A. schaalii enhancing the genomic knowledge surrounding this species and opening avenues for delineating the microbiology of this urobiome constituent. Furthermore, we present a framework for using the combination of culture-dependent and sequencing methodologies for uncovering mechanisms in the urobiome.
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15
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Abuga KM, Nairz M, MacLennan CA, Atkinson SH. Severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and susceptibility to invasive bacterial infections. Wellcome Open Res 2023; 8:48. [PMID: 37600584 PMCID: PMC10439361 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.18829.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe anaemia and invasive bacterial infections remain important causes of hospitalization and death among young African children. The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance demand better understanding of bacteraemia risk factors to inform prevention strategies. Epidemiological studies have reported an association between severe anaemia and bacteraemia. In this review, we explore evidence that severe anaemia is associated with increased risk of invasive bacterial infections in young children. We describe mechanisms of iron dysregulation in severe anaemia that might contribute to increased risk and pathogenesis of invasive bacteria, recent advances in knowledge of how iron deficiency and severe anaemia impair immune responses to bacterial infections and vaccines, and the gaps in our understanding of mechanisms underlying severe anaemia, iron deficiency, and the risk of invasive bacterial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin M. Abuga
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographical Medicine Research-Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
- Open University, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme – Accredited Research Centre, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, 6020, Austria
| | - Calman A. MacLennan
- Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Sarah H. Atkinson
- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Centre for Geographical Medicine Research-Coast, KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, 80108, Kenya
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7LG, UK
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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16
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Peters SL, Morowitz MJ, Hettich RL. Antibiotic resistance and host immune system-induced metal bactericidal control are key factors for microbial persistence in the developing human preterm infant gut microbiome. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:958638. [PMID: 36478853 PMCID: PMC9720133 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.958638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiome, which develops and stabilizes during the early stages of infant life, plays an essential role in host health through the production of metabolic resources and the stimulation and training of the immune system. To study colonization and community functional dynamics of the microbiota based on responses to host immune processes during the normal and dysbiotic establishment of the gut, metaproteomics was conducted on 91 fecal samples collected over the first 90 days of life from 17 hospitalized premature infants. Microbial responses to antibiotic administration and host-imposed metal bactericidal control correlated with community assembly and resiliency of microbes in the developing preterm gut. Specifically, proteins related to antibiotic resistance and metal homeostasis mechanisms were predominant in persisting members in the infant gut environment over the first several weeks of life. Overall, this metaproteomics study provides a unique approach to examine the temporal expansion and resilience of microbial colonization, as it allows simultaneous examination of both host and microbial metabolic activities. Understanding the interplay between host and microbes may elucidate the microbiome's potential immunomodulatory roles relevant to necrotizing enterocolitis and other dysbiotic conditions in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha L. Peters
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
- Graduate School of Genome Science and Technology, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States
| | - Michael J. Morowitz
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Robert L. Hettich
- Biosciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, United States
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17
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Saldaña-Ahuactzi Z, Knodler LA. FoxR is an AraC-like transcriptional regulator of ferrioxamine uptake in Salmonella enterica. Mol Microbiol 2022; 118:369-386. [PMID: 35970762 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.14970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Salmonella enterica spp. produce siderophores to bind iron with high affinity and can also use three xenosiderophores secreted by other microorganisms, ferrichrome, coprogen, and ferrioxamine. Here we focused on FoxA, a TonB-dependent transporter of ferrioxamines. Adjacent to foxA is a gene annotated as a helix-turn-helix (HTH) domain-containing protein, SL0358 (foxR), in the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium SL1344 genome. FoxR shares homology with transcriptional regulators belonging to the AraC/XylS family. foxR is syntenic with foxA in the Enterobacteriaceae family, suggesting their functional relatedness. Both foxA and foxR are repressed by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) under iron-rich growth conditions. When iron is scarce, FoxR acts as a transcriptional activator of foxA by directly binding to its upstream regulatory region. A point mutation in the HTH domain of FoxR abolished this binding, as did mutation of a direct repeat motif in the foxA upstream regulatory region. Desferrioxamine (DFOE) enhanced FoxR protein stability and foxA transcription but did not affect the affinity of FoxR binding to the foxA regulatory region. In summary, we have identified FoxR as a new member of the AraC/XylS family that regulates xenosiderophore-mediated iron uptake by S. Typhimurium and likely other Enterobacteriaceae members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeus Saldaña-Ahuactzi
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
| | - Leigh A Knodler
- Paul G. Allen School for Global Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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18
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Grander M, Hoffmann A, Seifert M, Demetz E, Grubwieser P, Pfeifhofer-Obermair C, Haschka D, Weiss G. DMT1 Protects Macrophages from Salmonella Infection by Controlling Cellular Iron Turnover and Lipocalin 2 Expression. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23126789. [PMID: 35743233 PMCID: PMC9223531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are at the center of innate pathogen control and iron recycling. Divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) is essential for the uptake of non-transferrin-bound iron (NTBI) into macrophages and for the transfer of transferrin-bound iron from the endosome to the cytoplasm. As the control of cellular iron trafficking is central for the control of infection with siderophilic pathogens such as Salmonella Typhimurium, a Gram-negative bacterium residing within the phagosome of macrophages, we examined the potential role of DMT1 for infection control. Bone marrow derived macrophages lacking DMT1 (DMT1fl/flLysMCre(+)) present with reduced NTBI uptake and reduced levels of the iron storage protein ferritin, the iron exporter ferroportin and, surprisingly, of the iron uptake protein transferrin receptor. Further, DMT1-deficient macrophages have an impaired control of Salmonella Typhimurium infection, paralleled by reduced levels of the peptide lipocalin-2 (LCN2). LCN2 exerts anti-bacterial activity upon binding of microbial siderophores but also facilitates systemic and cellular hypoferremia. Remarkably, nifedipine, a pharmacological DMT1 activator, stimulates LCN2 expression in RAW264.7 macrophages, confirming its DMT1-dependent regulation. In addition, the absence of DMT1 increases the availability of iron for Salmonella upon infection and leads to increased bacterial proliferation and persistence within macrophages. Accordingly, mice harboring a macrophage-selective DMT1 disruption demonstrate reduced survival following Salmonella infection. This study highlights the importance of DMT1 in nutritional immunity and the significance of iron delivery for the control of infection with siderophilic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Egon Demetz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
| | - Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
| | - Christa Pfeifhofer-Obermair
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (G.W.)
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; (M.G.); (A.H.); (M.S.); (E.D.); (P.G.); (C.P.-O.)
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
- Correspondence: (D.H.); (G.W.)
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19
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Vogel JGT, Wibowo JP, Fan H, Setroikromo R, Wang K, Dömling A, Dekker FJ, Quax WJ. Discovery of chromene compounds as inhibitors of PvdQ acylase of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Microbes Infect 2022; 24:105017. [PMID: 35709935 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2022.105017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The acquisition of iron is a crucial mechanism for the survival of pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa in eukaryotic hosts. The key iron chelator in this organism is the siderophore pyoverdine, which was shown to be crucial for iron homeostasis. Pyoverdine is a non-ribosomal peptide with several maturation steps in the cytoplasm and others in the periplasmatic space. A key enzyme for its maturation is the acylase PvdQ. The inhibition of PvdQ stops the maturation of pyoverdine causing a significant imbalance in the iron homeostasis and hence can negatively influence the survival of P. aeruginosa. In this work, we successfully synthesized chromene-derived inhibitory molecules targeting PvdQ in a low micromolar range. In silico modeling as well as kinetic evaluations of the inhibitors suggest a competitive inhibition of the PvdQ function. Further, we evaluated the inhibitor in vivo on P. aeruginosa cells and report a dose-dependent reduction of pyoverdine formation. The compound also showed a protecting effect in a Galleria mellonella infection model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan G T Vogel
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Joko P Wibowo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands; Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin, Jl. Gubernur Syarkawi, Barito Kuala, 70582, Indonesia
| | - Hillina Fan
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Rita Setroikromo
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Kan Wang
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Dömling
- Department of Drug Design, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Frank J Dekker
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands
| | - Wim J Quax
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Biology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, 9713, AV, the Netherlands.
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Behnsen J, Zhi H, Aron AT, Subramanian V, Santus W, Lee MH, Gerner RR, Petras D, Liu JZ, Green KD, Price SL, Camacho J, Hillman H, Tjokrosurjo J, Montaldo NP, Hoover EM, Treacy-Abarca S, Gilston BA, Skaar EP, Chazin WJ, Garneau-Tsodikova S, Lawrenz MB, Perry RD, Nuccio SP, Dorrestein PC, Raffatellu M. Siderophore-mediated zinc acquisition enhances enterobacterial colonization of the inflamed gut. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7016. [PMID: 34853318 PMCID: PMC8636617 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27297-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential cofactor for bacterial metabolism, and many Enterobacteriaceae express the zinc transporters ZnuABC and ZupT to acquire this metal in the host. However, the probiotic bacterium Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (or "Nissle") exhibits appreciable growth in zinc-limited media even when these transporters are deleted. Here, we show that Nissle utilizes the siderophore yersiniabactin as a zincophore, enabling Nissle to grow in zinc-limited media, to tolerate calprotectin-mediated zinc sequestration, and to thrive in the inflamed gut. We also show that yersiniabactin's affinity for iron or zinc changes in a pH-dependent manner, with increased relative zinc binding as the pH increases. Thus, our results indicate that siderophore metal affinity can be influenced by the local environment and reveal a mechanism of zinc acquisition available to commensal and pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Behnsen
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Hui Zhi
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Allegra T Aron
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Vivekanandan Subramanian
- University of Kentucky PharmNMR Center, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - William Santus
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael H Lee
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Romana R Gerner
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Daniel Petras
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Janet Z Liu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Keith D Green
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Sarah L Price
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Jose Camacho
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Hannah Hillman
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Joshua Tjokrosurjo
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Nicola P Montaldo
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Evelyn M Hoover
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sean Treacy-Abarca
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Benjamin A Gilston
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric P Skaar
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry, and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sylvie Garneau-Tsodikova
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536-0596, USA
| | - Matthew B Lawrenz
- Center for Predictive Medicine for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA
| | - Robert D Perry
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, 40536, USA
| | - Sean-Paul Nuccio
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Pieter C Dorrestein
- Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Manuela Raffatellu
- Department of Microbiology & Molecular Genetics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Division of Host-Microbe Systems & Therapeutics, Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
- Chiba University-UC San Diego Center for Mucosal Immunology, Allergy, and Vaccines (CU-UCSD cMAV), La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
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21
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Alterations in the Transcriptional Landscape Allow Differential Desiccation Tolerance in Clinical Cronobacter sakazakii. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e0083021. [PMID: 34644165 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00830-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cronobacter sakazakii is a typical example of a xerotolerant bacterium. It is epidemiologically linked to low-moisture foods like powdered infant formula (PIF) and is associated with high fatality rates among neonates. We characterized the xerotolerance in a clinically isolated strain, Cronobacter sakazakii ATCC™29544T, and compared the desiccation tolerance with that of an environmental strain, C. sakazakii SP291, whose desiccation tolerance was previously characterized. We found that, although the clinical strain was desiccation-tolerant, the level of tolerance was compromised when compared with that of the environmental strain. Transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq)-based deep transcriptomic characterization identified a unique transcriptional profile in the clinical strain compared with what was already known for the environmental strain. As RNA-seq was also carried out under different TSB growth conditions, genes that were expressed specifically under desiccated conditions were identified and denoted as desiccation responsive genes (DRGs). Interestingly, these DRGs included transcriptomic factors like fnr, ramA, and genes associated with inositol metabolism, a phenotype as yet unreported in C. sakazakii. Further, the clinical strain did not express the proP gene, which was previously reported to be very important for desiccation survival and persistence. Interestingly, analysis of the plasmid genes showed that the iron metabolism in desiccated C. sakazakii ATCC™29544T cells specifically involved the siderophore cronobactin, encoded by the iucABCD genes. Confirmatory studies using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) determined that, though the secondary desiccation response genes were upregulated in C. sakazakii ATCC™29544T, the level of upregulation was lower than that in C. sakazakii SP291. All these factors may collectively contribute to the compromised desiccation tolerance in the clinical strain. IMPORTANCE Cronobacter sakazakii has led to outbreaks in the past, particularly associated with foods that are low in moisture content. This species has adapted to survive in low water conditions and can survive in such environments for long periods. These characteristics have enabled the pathogen to contaminate powder infant formula, a food matrix with which the pathogen has been epidemiologically associated. Even though clinically adapted strains can also be isolated, there is no information on how the clinical strains adapt to low moisture environments. Our research assessed the adaptation of a clinically isolated strain to low moisture survival on sterile stainless steel coupons and compared the survival with that of a highly desiccation-tolerant environmental strain. We found that, even though the clinical strain is desiccation-tolerant, the rate of tolerance was compromised compared with that of the environmental strain. A deeper investigation using RNA-seq identified that the clinical strain used pathways different from that of the environmental strain to adapt to low-moisture conditions. This shows that the adaptation to desiccation conditions, at least for C. sakazakii, is strain-specific and that different strains have used different evolutionary strategies for adaptation.
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Microbiome Analysis of Mucosal Ileoanal Pouch in Ulcerative Colitis Patients Revealed Impairment of the Pouches Immunometabolites. Cells 2021; 10:cells10113243. [PMID: 34831464 PMCID: PMC8624401 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC) is unknown, although genetic loci and altered gut microbiota have been implicated. Up to a third of patients with moderate to severe UC require proctocolectomy with ileal pouch ano-anastomosis (IPAA). We aimed to explore the mucosal microbiota of UC patients who underwent IPAA. METHODS For microbiome analysis, mucosal specimens were collected from 34 IPAA individuals. Endoscopic and histological examinations of IPAA were normal in 21 cases, while pouchitis was in 13 patients. 19 specimens from the healthy control (10 from colonic and 9 from ileum) were also analyzed. Data were analyzed using an ensemble of software packages: QIIME2, coda-lasso, clr-lasso, PICRUSt2, and ALDEx2. RESULTS IPAA specimens had significantly lower bacterial diversity as compared to normal. The microbial composition of the normal pouch was also decreased also when compared to pouchitis. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Gemmiger formicilis, Blautia obeum, Ruminococcus torques, Dorea formicigenerans, and an unknown species from Roseburia were the most uncommon in pouch/pouchitis, while an unknown species from Enterobacteriaceae was over-represented. Propionibacterium acnes and Enterobacteriaceae were the species most abundant in the pouchitis and in the normal pouch, respectively. Predicted metabolic pathways among the IPAA bacterial communities revealed an important role of immunometabolites such as SCFA, butyrate, and amino acids. CONCLUSIONS Our findings showed specific bacterial signature hallmarks of dysbiosis and could represent bacterial biomarkers in IPAA patients useful to develop novel treatments in the future by modulating the gut microbiota through the administration of probiotic immunometabolites-producing bacterial strains and the addition of specific prebiotics and the faecal microbiota transplantation.
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Haschka D, Grander M, Eibensteiner J, Dichtl S, Koppelstätter S, Weiss G. Nifedipine Potentiates Susceptibility of Salmonella Typhimurium to Different Classes of Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10101200. [PMID: 34680781 PMCID: PMC8532624 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10101200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The calcium channel blocker nifedipine induces cellular iron export, thereby limiting the availability of the essential nutrient iron for intracellular pathogens, resulting in bacteriostatic activity. To study if nifedipine may exert a synergistic anti-microbial activity when combined with antibiotics, we used the mouse macrophage cell line RAW267.4, infected with the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium, and exposed the cells to varying concentrations of nifedipine and/or ampicillin, azithromycin and ceftriaxone. We observed a significant additive effect of nifedipine in combination with various antibiotics, which was not observed when using Salmonella, with defects in iron uptake. Of interest, increasing intracellular iron levels increased the bacterial resistance to treatment with antibiotics or nifedipine or their combination. We further showed that nifedipine increases the expression of the siderophore-binding peptide lipocalin-2 and promotes iron storage within ferritin, where the metal is less accessible for bacteria. Our data provide evidence for an additive effect of nifedipine with conventional antibiotics against Salmonella, which is partly linked to reduced bacterial access to iron.
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Hoffmann A, Haschka D, Valente de Souza L, Tymoszuk P, Seifert M, von Raffay L, Hilbe R, Petzer V, Moser PL, Nairz M, Weiss G. Baseline iron status and presence of anaemia determine the course of systemic Salmonella infection following oral iron supplementation in mice. EBioMedicine 2021; 71:103568. [PMID: 34488018 PMCID: PMC8426537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is a major health concern. However, preventive iron supplementation in regions with high burden of infectious diseases resulted in an increase of infection related morbidity and mortality. METHODS We fed male C57BL/6N mice with either an iron deficient or an iron adequate diet. Next, they received oral iron supplementation or placebo followed by intraperitoneal infection with Salmonella Typhimurium (S.Tm). FINDINGS We found that mice with IDA had a poorer clinical outcome than mice on an iron adequate diet. Interestingly, iron supplementation of IDA mice resulted in higher bacterial burden in organs and shortened survival. Increased transferrin saturation and non-transferrin bound iron in the circulation together with low expression of ferroportin facilitated the access of the pathogen to iron and promoted bacterial growth. Anaemia, independent of iron supplementation, was correlated with reduced neutrophil counts and cytotoxic T cells. With iron supplementation, anaemia additionally correlated with increased splenic levels of the cytokine IL-10, which is suggestive for a weakened immune control to S.Tm infection. INTERPRETATION Supplementing iron to anaemic mice worsens the clinical course of bacterial infection. This can be traced back to increased iron delivery to bacteria along with an impaired anti-microbial immune response. Our findings may have important implications for iron supplementation strategies in areas with high endemic burden of infections, putting those individuals, who potentially profit most from iron supplementation for anaemia, at the highest risk for infections. FUNDING Financial support by the Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Piotr Tymoszuk
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Richard Hilbe
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Verena Petzer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Patrizia L Moser
- Institute of Pathology, INNPATH, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstraße 35, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria; Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria.
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Hoffmann A, de Souza LV, Seifert M, von Raffay L, Haschka D, Grubwieser P, Grander M, Mitterstiller AM, Nairz M, Poli M, Weiss G. Pharmacological Targeting of BMP6-SMAD Mediated Hepcidin Expression Does Not Improve the Outcome of Systemic Infections With Intra-Or Extracellular Gram-Negative Bacteria in Mice. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:705087. [PMID: 34368018 PMCID: PMC8342937 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.705087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepcidin is the systemic master regulator of iron metabolism as it degrades the cellular iron exporter ferroportin. In bacterial infections, hepcidin is upregulated to limit circulating iron for pathogens, thereby increasing iron retention in macrophages. This mechanism withholds iron from extracellular bacteria but could be of disadvantage in infections with intracellular bacteria. We aimed to understand the role of hepcidin in infections with intra- or extracellular bacteria using different hepcidin inhibitors. Methods For the experiments LDN-193189 and oversulfated heparins were used, which interact with the BMP6-SMAD pathway thereby inhibiting hepcidin expression. We infected male C57BL/6N mice with either the intracellular bacterium Salmonella Typhimurium or the extracellular bacterium Escherichia coli and treated these mice with the different hepcidin inhibitors. Results Both inhibitors effectively reduced hepcidin levels in vitro under steady state conditions and upon stimulation with the inflammatory signals interleukin-6 or lipopolysaccharide. The inhibitors also reduced hepcidin levels and increased circulating iron concentration in uninfected mice. However, both compounds failed to decrease liver- and circulating hepcidin levels in infected mice and did not affect ferroportin expression in the spleen or impact on serum iron levels. Accordingly, both BMP-SMAD signaling inhibitors did not influence bacterial numbers in different organs in the course of E.coli or S.Tm sepsis. Conclusion These data indicate that targeting the BMP receptor or the BMP-SMAD pathway is not sufficient to suppress hepcidin expression in the course of infection with both intra- or extracellular bacteria. This suggests that upon pharmacological inhibition of the central SMAD-BMP pathways during infection, other signaling cascades are compensatorily induced to ensure sufficient hepcidin formation and iron restriction to circulating microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Lara Valente de Souza
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Seifert
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Laura von Raffay
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - David Haschka
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Philipp Grubwieser
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manuel Grander
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Mitterstiller
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Manfred Nairz
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maura Poli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Günter Weiss
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Rheumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Christian Doppler Laboratory for Iron Metabolism and Anemia Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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26
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Ahmad AMR, Ahmed W, Iqbal S, Javed M, Rashid S, Iahtisham-ul-Haq. Prebiotics and iron bioavailability? Unveiling the hidden association - A review. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.01.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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