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Morrison BH, Jones JL, Dzwonkowski B, Krause JW. Tracking Vibrio: population dynamics and ecology of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus in an Alabama estuary. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0367423. [PMID: 38578091 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03674-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Vibrio is a genus of halophilic, gram-negative bacteria found in estuaries around the globe. Integral parts of coastal cultures often involve contact with vectors of pathogenic Vibrio spp. (e.g., consuming raw shellfish). High rates of mortality from certain Vibrio spp. infections demonstrate the need for an improved understanding of Vibrio spp. dynamics in estuarine regions. Our study assessed meteorological, hydrographic, and biological correlates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus at 10 sites in the Eastern Mississippi Sound System (EMSS) from April to October 2019. During the sampling period, median abundances of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus were 2.31 log MPN/L and 2.90 log MPN/L, respectively. Vibrio spp. dynamics were largely driven by site-based variation, with sites closest to freshwater inputs having the highest abundances. The E-W wind scalar, which affects Ekman transport, was a novel Vibrio spp. correlate observed. A potential salinity effect on bacterial-particle associations was identified, where V. vulnificus was associated with larger particles in conditions outside of their optimal salinity. Additionally, V. vulnificus abundances were correlated to those of harmful algal species that did not dominate community chlorophyll. Correlates from this study may be used to inform the next iteration of regionally predictive Vibrio models and may lend additional insight to Vibrio spp. ecology in similar systems. IMPORTANCE Vibrio spp. are bacteria found in estuaries worldwide; some species can cause illness and infections in humans. Relationships between Vibrio spp. abundance, salinity, and temperature are well documented, but correlations to other environmental parameters are less understood. This study identifies unique correlates (e.g., E-W wind scalar and harmful algal species) that could potentially inform the next iteration of predictive Vibrio models for the EMSS region. Additionally, these correlates may allow existing environmental monitoring efforts to be leveraged in providing data inputs for future Vibrio risk models. An observed correlation between salinity and V. vulnificus/particle-size associations suggests that predicted environmental changes may affect the abundance of Vibrio spp. in certain reservoirs, which may alter which vectors present the greatest vibrio risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair H Morrison
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
- FDA, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessica L Jones
- FDA, Division of Seafood Science and Technology, Gulf Coast Seafood Laboratory, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
| | - Brian Dzwonkowski
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Krause
- Dauphin Island Sea Lab, Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA
- Stokes School of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of South Alabama, Mobile, Alabama, USA
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Perera IU, Fujiyoshi S, Nishiuchi Y, Nakai T, Maruyama F. Zooplankton act as cruise ships promoting the survival and pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. Microbiol Immunol 2022; 66:564-578. [PMID: 36128640 PMCID: PMC10091822 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria in general interact with zooplankton in aquatic ecosystems. These zooplankton-bacterial interactions help to shape the bacterial community by regulating bacterial abundances. Such interactions are even more significant and crucially in need of investigation in the case of pathogenic bacteria, which cause severe diseases in humans and animals. Among the many associations between a host metazoan and pathogenic bacteria, zooplankton provide nutrition and protection from stressful conditions, promote the horizontal transfer of virulence genes, and act as a mode of pathogen transport. These interactions allow the pathogen to survive and proliferate in aquatic environments and to endure water treatment processes, thereby creating a potential risk to human health. This review highlights current knowledge on the contributions of zooplankton to the survival and pathogenicity of pathogenic bacteria. We also discuss the need to consider these interactions as a risk factor in water treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishara U Perera
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - So Fujiyoshi
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishiuchi
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Nakai
- Takehara Marine Science Station, Graduate School of Integrated Science for Life, Hiroshima University, Takehara City, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Fumito Maruyama
- Center for the Planetary Health and Innovation Science (PHIS), The IDEC Institute, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan.,Center for Holobiome and Built Environment (CHOBE), Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima City, Hiroshima, Japan
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Serratore P, Zavatta E, Bignami G, Lorito L. Preliminary investigation on the microbiological quality of edible marine gastropods of the Adriatic Sea, Italy. Ital J Food Saf 2019; 8:7691. [PMID: 31312618 PMCID: PMC6600847 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2019.7691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the European Legislation, marine gastropods placed unprocessed on the market must comply with the same requirements established for live bivalve molluscs but, being considered not filterfeeding and unable to concentrate fecal contaminants, they may be harvested outside the classified areas. Despite this statement, little scientific information is available on the microbiological quality of these animals. The aim of the present study was to investigate 28 batches of edible snails of the Adriatic Sea, namely Nassarius mutabilis and Bolinus brandaris, with respect to i) smell and viability, by a method here reported; ii) the bacterial component of the whole body referred to E. coli, Vibrio spp., V. parahaemolyticus, V. vulnificus, V. cholerae and V. alginolyticus. A total of 21 batches of N. mutabilis and 7 batches of B. brandaris were analyzed. Batches of both species retrieved from the primary production were all largely composed of viable animals, had saltwater/neutral smell, and showed mean value of Vibrio spp. of 5,34 and 5,79 log10 UFC g-1 in N. mutabilis and B. brandaris respectively. 47% of the batches of N. mutabilis retrieved from the market, were largely composed of dead animals, had acrid/nasty smell, and showed mean value of Vibrio spp. of 6,53 log10 UFC g-1. E. coli, V. vulnificus and V. cholerae were never detected, but all samples were positive for V. alginolyticus. One sample of B. brandaris was positive for V. parahaemolyticus genotyped by PCR at the specie level (ToxR+) and positive for the thermostable direct hemolysin gene (tdh+).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emanuele Zavatta
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bignami
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy
| | - Luna Lorito
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Italy
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Spatial Heterogeneity of Vibrio spp. in Sediments of Chinese Marginal Seas. Appl Environ Microbiol 2019; 85:AEM.03064-18. [PMID: 30877118 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03064-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vibrio spp. are ubiquitous marine bacteria with high metabolism flexibility and genome plasticity. Previous studies have revealed the dynamics of planktonic vibrios in relation to environmental forces, such as temperature and salinity. However, little is known about Vibrio ecology in benthic environments. Here, we elucidate the abundance, diversity, and spatial distribution of Vibrio spp. in sediments of the Chinese marginal seas, with a wide spatial range from north to south covering the Yellow Sea (YS), East China Sea (ECS), and South China Sea (SCS). Quantitative analysis showed that Vibrio spp. were most abundant in the SCS (∼9.04 × 105 copies/g) compared to the YS (∼1.00 × 105 copies/g) and ECS (∼8.86 × 105 copies/g). Vibrio community compositions derived from Illumina sequencing of Vibrio-specific 16S rRNA genes varied significantly between sampling areas, which was reflected by a strong distance-decay pattern. The spatial distribution of Vibrio was governed by a joint effect of spatial and environmental factors (especially temperature, salinity, and SiO3 2-), and their respective pure effects explained only a small fraction of the community variation. Moreover, we identified the most prominent operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that were partitioned in these sea areas. Whereas Vibrionaceae OTU20 and Photobacterium lipolyticum were prevalent in the YS, Vibrio gigantis and Photobacterium piscicola, and P. piscicola, Photobacterium lutimaris, and Photobacterium alginatilyticum were prevalent in the ECS and SCS, respectively. Our study demonstrated clear spatial heterogeneity of Vibrio spp. in sediments of the Chinese marginal seas, laying a foundation for fully understanding the marine Vibrio ecology and the ecological roles of the species.IMPORTANCE Vibrio is an important component of natural marine microbial populations in terms of pathogenicity and roles in carbon cycling. Compared to the marine pelagic environment, our knowledge of the diversity and distribution pattern of Vibrio spp. in sediment is limited. Here, we show higher Vibrio abundance in Chinese marginal seas than in other studied sediments. There was a clear spatial differentiation of Vibrio abundance and community composition in different sea areas. The benthic Vibrio community displayed a strong distance-decay pattern across a wide spatial range, which was formed under the combined effects of spatial and environmental factors. These results provide deep insights into the ecological dynamics of Vibrio and its environmental controls, facilitating a more comprehensive understanding of the marine Vibrio ecology.
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Genes Activated by Vibrio cholerae upon Exposure to Caenorhabditis elegans Reveal the Mannose-Sensitive Hemagglutinin To Be Essential for Colonization. mSphere 2018; 3:3/3/e00238-18. [PMID: 29794057 PMCID: PMC5967197 DOI: 10.1128/mspheredirect.00238-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
During its life cycle, the facultative human pathogen Vibrio cholerae, which is the causative agent of the diarrheal disease cholera, needs to adapt to a variety of different conditions, such as the human host or the aquatic environment. Importantly, cholera infections originate from the aquatic reservoir where V. cholerae persists between the outbreaks. In the aquatic environment, bacteria are constantly threatened by predatory protozoa and nematodes, but our knowledge of the response pathways and adaptation strategies of V. cholerae to such stressors is limited. Using a temporally controlled reporter system of transcription, we identified more than 100 genes of V. cholerae induced upon exposure to the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, which emerged recently as a valuable model for environmental predation during the aquatic lifestyle of V. cholerae Besides others, we identified and validated the genes encoding the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin (MSHA) type IV pilus to be significantly induced upon exposure to the nematode. Subsequent analyses demonstrated that the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin is crucial for attachment of V. cholerae in the pharynx of the worm and initiation of colonization, which results in growth retardation and developmental delay of C. elegans Thus, the surface adhesion factor MSHA could be linked to a fitness advantage of V. cholerae upon contact with bacterium-grazing nematodes.IMPORTANCE The waterborne diarrheal disease cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae The facultative human pathogen persists as a natural inhabitant in the aquatic ecosystem between outbreaks. In contrast to the human host, V. cholerae requires a different set of genes to survive in this hostile environment. For example, predatory micrograzers are commonly found in the aquatic environment and use bacteria as a nutrient source, but knowledge of the interaction between bacterivorous grazers and V. cholerae is limited. In this study, we successfully adapted a genetic reporter technology and identified more than 100 genes activated by V. cholerae upon exposure to the bacterium-grazing nematode Caenorhabditis elegans This screen provides a first glimpse into responses and adaptational strategies of the bacterial pathogen against such natural predators. Subsequent phenotypic characterization revealed the mannose-sensitive hemagglutinin to be crucial for colonization of the worm, which causes developmental delay and growth retardation.
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Xie Y, Qiu N, Wang G. Toward a better guard of coastal water safety-Microbial distribution in coastal water and their facile detection. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 118:5-16. [PMID: 28215556 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.02.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Prosperous development in marine-based tourism has raised increasing concerns over the sanitary quality of coastal waters with potential microbial contamination. The World Health Organization has set stringent standards over a list of pathogenic microorganisms posing potential threats to people with frequent coastal water exposure and has asked for efficient detection procedures for pathogen facile identification. Inspection of survey events regarding the occurrence of marine pathogens in recreational beaches in recent years has reinforced the need for the development of a rapid identification procedure. In this review, we examine the possibility of recruiting uniform molecular assays to identify different marine pathogens and the feasibility of appropriate biomarkers, including enterochelin biosynthetic genes, for general toxicity assays. The focus is not only on bacterial pathogens but also on other groups of infectious pathogens. The ultimate goal is the development of a handy method to more efficiently and rapidly detect marine pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxuan Xie
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Qiu
- South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Guangyi Wang
- Tianjin University Center for Marine Environmental Ecology, School of Environmental Science & Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
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Menezes FGRDE, Rodriguez MTT, Carvalho FCTDE, Rebouças RH, Costa RA, Sousa OVDE, Hofer E, Vieira RHSF. Pathogenic Vibrio species isolated from estuarine environments (Ceará, Brazil) - antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential profiles. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2017; 89:1175-1188. [PMID: 28489191 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765201720160191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Detection of virulent strains associated with aquatic environment is a current concern for the management and control of human and animal health. Thus, Vibrio diversity was investigated in four estuaries from state of Ceará (Pacoti, Choró, Pirangi and Jaguaribe) followed by antimicrobial susceptibility to different antimicrobials used in aquaculture and detection of main virulence factors to human health. Isolation and identification were performed on TCBS agar (selective medium) and dichotomous key based on biochemical characteristics, respectively. Nineteen strains of genus Vibrio were catalogued. Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Choró River) and V. alginolyticus (Pacoti River) were the most abundant species in the four estuaries. All strains were submitted to disk diffusion technique (15 antimicrobials were tested). Resistance was found to: penicillin (82%), ampicillin (54%), cephalotin (7%), aztreonan (1%), gentamicin, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone (0.5%). Five pathogenic strains were chosen to verification of virulence factors. Four estuaries showed a high abundance of species. High number of tested positive strains for virulence is concerning, since some of those strains are associated to human diseases, while others are known pathogens of aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca G R DE Menezes
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus Universitário do Pici - UFC, Antônio Bezerra, 60455-460 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marina T T Rodriguez
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Fátima C T DE Carvalho
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia de Pesca, Av. Mister Hull, s/n, Campus Universitário do Pici - UFC, Antônio Bezerra, 60455-460 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rosa H Rebouças
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Renata A Costa
- Instituto Superior de Teologia Aplicada/INTA, R. Antônio Rodrigues Magalhães, 359, Dom Expedito, 62050-100 Sobral, CE, Brazil
| | - Oscarina V DE Sousa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Ernesto Hofer
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Av. Brasil, 4365, Manguinhos, 21040-360 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Regine H S F Vieira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Instituto de Ciências do Mar/LABOMAR, Av. da Abolição, 3207, Meireles, 60165-081 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Kopprio GA, Streitenberger ME, Okuno K, Baldini M, Biancalana F, Fricke A, Martínez A, Neogi SB, Koch BP, Yamasaki S, Lara RJ. Biogeochemical and hydrological drivers of the dynamics of Vibrio species in two Patagonian estuaries. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 579:646-656. [PMID: 27871750 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.11.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 11/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ecology of the most relevant Vibrio species for human health and their relation to water quality and biogeochemistry were studied in two estuaries in Argentinian Patagonia. Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were reported in >29% of cases at the Río Colorado and Río Negro estuaries. Neither the pandemic serogroups of Vibrio cholerae O1, Vibrio cholerae O139 nor the cholera toxin gene were detected in this study. However, several strains of V. cholerae (not O1 or O139) are able to cause human disease or acquire pathogenic genes by horizontal transfer. Vibrio vulnificus was detected only in three instances in the microplankton fraction of the Río Negro estuary. The higher salinity in the Río Colorado estuary and in marine stations at both estuaries favours an abundance of culturable Vibrio. The extreme peaks for ammonium, heterotrophic bacteria and faecal coliforms in the Río Negro estuary supported a marked impact on sewage discharge. Generally, the more pathogenic strains of Vibrio have a faecal origin. Salinity, pH, ammonium, chlorophyll a, silicate and carbon/nitrogen ratio of suspended organic particulates were the primary factors explaining the distribution of culturable bacteria after distance-based linear models. Several effects of dissolved organic carbon on bacterial distribution are inferred. Global change is expected to increase the trophic state and the salinisation of Patagonian estuaries. Consequently, the distribution and abundance of Vibrio species is projected to increase under future changing baselines. Adaptation strategies should contribute to sustaining good water quality to buffer climate- and anthropogenic- driven impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán A Kopprio
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Florida 4750, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - M Eugenia Streitenberger
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Kentaro Okuno
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku orai-kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Mónica Baldini
- Department of Biology, Biochemistry and Pharmacy, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, 8000 Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Florencia Biancalana
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Florida 4750, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Anna Fricke
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Florida 4750, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina; Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology, Fahrenheitstr. 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Ana Martínez
- Department of Chemistry, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Av. Alem 1253, B8000CPB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Sucharit B Neogi
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku orai-kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Boris P Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research, Marine Chemistry, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany
| | - Shinji Yamasaki
- Department of Veterinary Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-58, Rinku orai-kita, Izumisano-shi, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Rubén J Lara
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas and Universidad Nacional del Sur, Florida 4750, B8000FWB Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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Stabili L, Licciano M, Longo C, Lezzi M, Giangrande A. The Mediterranean non-indigenous ascidian Polyandrocarpa zorritensis: Microbiological accumulation capability and environmental implications. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2015; 101:146-152. [PMID: 26561443 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the bacterial accumulation and digestion capability of Polyandrocarpa zorritensis, a non-indigenous colonial ascidian originally described in Peru and later found in the Mediterranean. Microbiological analyses were carried out on homogenates from "unstarved" and "starved" ascidians and seawater from the same sampling site (Adriatic Sea, Italy). Culturable heterotrophic bacteria (22 °C), total culturable bacteria (37 °C) and vibrios abundances were determined on Marine Agar 2216, Plate Count Agar and TCBS Agar, respectively. Microbial pollution indicators were measured by the most probable number method. All the examined microbiological groups were accumulated by ascidians but differently digested. An interesting outcome is the capability of P. zorritensis to digest allochthonous microorganisms such as coliforms as well as culturable bacteria at 37 °C, counteracting the effects of microbial pollution. Thus, the potential exploitation of these filter feeders to restore polluted seawater should be taken into consideration in the management of this alien species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero - Sezione di Taranto - CNR, Via Roma 3, 74100 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Margherita Licciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Caterina Longo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ambientale, Università di Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70125 Bari, Italy.
| | - Marco Lezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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Abstract
ABSTRACT
Vibrio
-related infections are increasing worldwide both in humans and aquatic animals. Rise in global sea surface temperature (SST), which is approximately 1°C higher now than 140 years ago and is one of the primary physical impacts of global warming, has been linked to such increases. In this chapter, major known effects of increasing SST on the biology and ecology of vibrios are described. They include the effects on bacterial growth rate, both in the field and in laboratory, culturability, expression of pathogenicity traits, and interactions with aquatic organisms and abiotic surfaces. Special emphasis is given to the effect of ocean warming on
Vibrio
interactions with zooplankters, which represent one of the most important aquatic reservoirs for these bacteria. The reported findings highlight the biocomplexity of the interactions between vibrios and their natural environment in a climate change scenario, posing the need for interdisciplinary studies to properly understand the connection between ocean warming and persistence and spread of vibrios in sea waters and the epidemiology of the diseases they cause.
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11
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Hygiene and health risks associated with the consumption of edible lamellibranch molluscs. Int J Food Microbiol 2015; 201:52-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2015.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Species diversity, spatial distribution, and virulence associated genes of culturable vibrios in a brackish coastal Mediterranean environment. ANN MICROBIOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-015-1073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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13
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Stabili L, Licciano M, Lezzi M, Giangrande A. Microbiological accumulation by the Mediterranean invasive alien species Branchiomma bairdi (Annelida, Sabellidae): potential tool for bioremediation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2014; 86:325-331. [PMID: 25070411 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.06.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2014] [Revised: 06/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We examined the bacterial accumulation and digestion in the alien polychaete Branchiomma bairdi. Microbiological analyses were performed on worm homogenates from "unstarved" and "starved" individuals and on seawater from the same sampling site (Ionian Sea, Italy). Densities of culturable heterotrophic bacteria (22 °C), total culturable bacteria (37 °C) and vibrios were measured on Marine Agar 2216, Plate Count Agar and TCBS Agar, respectively. Microbial pollution indicators were determined by the most probable number method. B. bairdi was able to accumulate all the six considered microbiological groups which, however, differ in their resistance to digestion. B. bairdi results more efficient than the other two co-occurring sabellids in removing bacteria suggesting that it may counteract the effects of microbial pollution playing a potential role for in situ bioremediation. Thus a potential risk, such as the invasion of an alien species, could be transformed into a benefit with high potential commercial gain and economic feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Stabili
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy; Istituto per l'Ambiente Marino Costiero - Sezione di Taranto - CNR, Via Roma 3, 74100 Taranto, Italy.
| | - Margherita Licciano
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Marco Lezzi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
| | - Adriana Giangrande
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Biologiche ed Ambientali (Di.S.Te.B.A.), Via Prov. Lecce-Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy.
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14
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Mannas H, Mimouni R, Chaouqy N, Hamadi F, Martinez-Urtaza J. Occurrence of Vibrio and Salmonella species in mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) collected along the Moroccan Atlantic coast. SPRINGERPLUS 2014; 3:265. [PMID: 24936389 PMCID: PMC4057555 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the occurrence of different Vibrio and Salmonella species in 52 samples of Mytilus galloprovincialis collected from four sites along the Atlantic coast between Agadir and Essaouira (Anza, Cap Ghir, Imssouane and Essaouira). The level of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was also determined to evaluate the degree of microbial pollution in the investigated areas. In this study three methods were used : AFNOR NF EN ISO 6579 V08-013 for Salmonella spp., the provisional method routinely used by several laboratories (Institut Pasteur, Paris,…) for Vibrio cholerae and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in the seafood, and the most probable number method (MPN) using Norm ISO/TS 16649–3 (2005) for E. coli. The most frequently isolated Vibrios were Vibrio alginolyticus (90.4% of samples), followed by V. cholerae non O1 non O139 (15.4%) and V. parahaemolyticus (7.7%). Salmonella spp. was found in 15% of the samples. The number of E. coli ranged between 0.2/100 g and 1.8 103 /100 g of mussel soft tissues. This study indicates the potential sanitary risk associated with the presence of pathogenic bacteria in cultivated mussels in the two populous regions of southern Morocco, where shellfish production and maritime tourism are important to the local economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Mannas
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology & Valorisation of Natural Resources, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Rachida Mimouni
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology & Valorisation of Natural Resources, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Noureddine Chaouqy
- Laboratory of Microbiology, National Health Security Food Office (ONSSA), Agadir, Morocco
| | - Fatima Hamadi
- Faculty of Sciences, Laboratory of Biotechnology & Valorisation of Natural Resources, University Ibn Zohr, Agadir, Morocco
| | - Jaime Martinez-Urtaza
- Reader in Infection and Immunology Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, United Kingdom
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15
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Romero A, Costa MD, Forn-Cuni G, Balseiro P, Chamorro R, Dios S, Figueras A, Novoa B. Occurrence, seasonality and infectivity of Vibrio strains in natural populations of mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis. DISEASES OF AQUATIC ORGANISMS 2014; 108:149-163. [PMID: 24553420 DOI: 10.3354/dao02701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Widespread and large-scale mortalities of bivalve molluscs significantly affect their production. A number of pathogens have been identified as the primary causes of death in oysters or clams, especially bacteria of the genus Vibrio. We evaluated the occurrence, seasonality and infectivity of Vibrio strains associated with natural mussel (Mytilus galloprovincialis) populations. In particular, different isolates of V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus were analysed because they were associated with major oyster mortalities in areas where mussels are cultured without presenting mortalities. The presence of both Vibrio spp. was analysed bimonthly in mussels, water, sediment, plankton and other associated fauna from 2 sites in Galicia (NW Spain), the region with the highest mussel production in Europe. Environmental factors were also considered. The pathogenicity of different Vibrio isolates was analysed by performing experimental infections in mussels with strains isolated from the field. Results showed that Vibrio populations were mainly influenced by changes in water temperature and salinity. V. splendidus was dominant during the warm months and V. aestuarianus was predominant throughout the cold season. The sediment was the most important natural reservoir for bacteria. Experimental infections showed the extreme resistance of mussels to bacterial pathogens. Isolates of V. splendidus and V. aestuarianus were only moderately pathogenic for mussels in intramuscular infections and bath infections, and mortalities only occurred when animals were infected with a high bacterial concentration in adverse environmental conditions (hypoxia and 25°C). Although the pathogenicity of the Vibrio strains isolated from the wild was low for mussels, their potential risk for other bivalves cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Romero
- Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208 Vigo, Spain
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16
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Narracci M, Acquaviva MI, Cavallo RA. Mar Piccolo of Taranto: Vibrio biodiversity in ecotoxicology approach. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:2378-2385. [PMID: 24072640 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2049-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Microorganisms play an indispensable role in the ecological functioning of marine environment. Some species are sensitive while others are insensitive for a specific pollutant. The aim of this work is a preliminary study of the quantitative and qualitative distribution of cultivable vibrios in sediments and water samples characterized by different toxicity levels. For 1 year, in three suitably selected sampling stations of Mar Piccolo in Taranto (Ionian Sea, Italy), we have evaluated the toxicity level by Microtox® system, vibrios, total, and fecal coliform densities. The results of the Microtox® tests showed sediments characterized by an elevated level of toxicity, while the interstitial water of the same sites always showed biostimulatory phenomenon. The quantitative results show that vibrios and coliforms are more abundant in water than in sediment samples. The most often isolated strains were: Vibrio alginolyticus, Vibrio mediterranei, Vibrio metschinkovii, and Vibrio splendidus II. This work is the first example of study on the distribution of Vibrio species related to toxicity evaluation conducted by the Microtox® bioassay. The results show the different distribution of Vibrionaceae in two environmental matrices analyzed and characterized by different levels of toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Narracci
- , CNR-IAMC-Taranto, Via Roma 3, 74100, Taranto, Italy
| | - M I Acquaviva
- , CNR-IAMC-Taranto, Via Roma 3, 74100, Taranto, Italy.
| | - R A Cavallo
- , CNR-IAMC-Taranto, Via Roma 3, 74100, Taranto, Italy
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17
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Zaccone R, Azzaro M, Azzaro F, Bergamasco A, Caruso G, Leonardi M, La Ferla R, Maimone G, Mancuso M, Monticelli LS, Raffa F, Crisafi E. Seasonal dynamics of prokaryotic abundance and activities in relation to environmental parameters in a transitional aquatic ecosystem (Cape Peloro, Italy). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2014; 67:45-56. [PMID: 24158689 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-013-0307-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This study examines the effects of temporal changes on microbial parameters in a brackish aquatic ecosystem. To this aim, the abundances of prokaryotes and vibrios together with the rates of enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins by leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), polysaccharides by β-glucosidase (GLU) and organic phosphates by alkaline phosphatase (AP), heterotrophic prokaryotic production (HPP), respiration (R), were seasonally investigated, during a 2-year period in the coastal area of Cape Peloro (Messina, Italy), constituted by two brackish lakes (Faro and Ganzirri). In addition, physical and chemical parameters (temperature, salinity, nutrients) and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC, PN) were measured. The influence of multiple factors on prokaryotic abundances and activities was analysed. The results showed that Cape Peloro area is characterised by high seasonal variability of the microbial parameters that is higher than the spatial one. Combined changes in particulate matter and temperature (T), could explain the variability in vibrios abundance, GLU and R activities in both lakes, indicating a direct stimulation of the warm season on the heterotrophic prokaryotic metabolism. Positive correlations between T (from 13.3 to 29.6 °C) and HPP, LAP, AP, POC, PN are also observed in Ganzirri Lake. Moreover, the trophic status index and most of the microbial parameters show significant seasonal differences. This study demonstrates that vibrios abundance and microbial activities are responsive to the spatial and seasonal changes of examined area. The combined effects of temperature and trophic conditions on the microbial parameters lead us to suggest their use as potential indicators of the prokaryotic response to climate changes in temperate brackish areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zaccone
- CNR-IAMC, Institute for Coastal Marine Environment, Section of Messina, Spianata S. Raineri 86, 98122, Messina, Italy,
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18
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Lutz C, Erken M, Noorian P, Sun S, McDougald D. Environmental reservoirs and mechanisms of persistence of Vibrio cholerae. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:375. [PMID: 24379807 PMCID: PMC3863721 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now well accepted that Vibrio cholerae, the causative agent of the water-borne disease cholera, is acquired from environmental sources where it persists between outbreaks of the disease. Recent advances in molecular technology have demonstrated that this bacterium can be detected in areas where it has not previously been isolated, indicating a much broader, global distribution of this bacterium outside of endemic regions. The environmental persistence of V. cholerae in the aquatic environment can be attributed to multiple intra- and interspecific strategies such as responsive gene regulation and biofilm formation on biotic and abiotic surfaces, as well as interactions with a multitude of other organisms. This review will discuss some of the mechanisms that enable the persistence of this bacterium in the environment. In particular, we will discuss how V. cholerae can survive stressors such as starvation, temperature, and salinity fluctuations as well as how the organism persists under constant predation by heterotrophic protists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Lutz
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martina Erken
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Parisa Noorian
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shuyang Sun
- The Singapore Centre on Environmental Life Sciences Engineering, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
| | - Diane McDougald
- Centre for Marine Bio-Innovation, School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, University of New South Wales Sydney, NSW, Australia ; Advanced Environmental Biotechnology Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Singapore
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Tall A, Hervio-Heath D, Teillon A, Boisset-Helbert C, Delesmont R, Bodilis J, Touron-Bodilis A. Diversity of Vibrio spp. isolated at ambient environmental temperature in the Eastern English Channel as determined by pyrH sequencing. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 114:1713-24. [PMID: 23473469 DOI: 10.1111/jam.12181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To describe the diversity of the culturable mesophilic and potentially pathogenic vibrios isolated at 22 and 37°C on TCBS medium, in September 2009 from seawater and surface sediments. METHODS AND RESULTS q-PCR assays previously selected for the identification of bacterial strains isolated at 37°C were used in combination with the partial sequencing of two housekeeping genes, pyrH and toxR, to identify 315 strains isolated at 22°C. The great majority of the 37°C strains was identified by q-PCR assays, (five of the six species) with the predominance of Vibrio alginolyticus (85·9%) and V. harveyi (10·7%). The human pathogens V. parahaemolyticus and V. cholerae were rarely detected (two strains each). The 22°C strains were successfully identified by the phylogeny analysis of pyrH and toxR genes, revealing 20 Vibrio species, with the predominance of the clam pathogen V. celticus (36·8%). The Splendidus and the Harveyi groups represented the main Vibrio group at 22°C (80%) and 37°C (99·5%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The combination of q-PCR assays and the sequencing of pyrH and toxR genes highlighted two different Vibrio communities at 22 and 37°C both dominated by pathogenic species for marine organisms. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The sequencing of the pyrH gene revealed to be a valuable tool to identify environmental Vibrio spp. strains isolated at 22°C, as 92·3% of them were identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tall
- Laboratoire Microbiologie-LNR, Unité Environnement, Microbiologie et Phycotoxines, Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement, Centre de Brest, Ifremer, Plouzané, France
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20
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Tall A, Teillon A, Boisset C, Delesmont R, Touron-Bodilis A, Hervio-Heath D. Real-time PCR optimization to identify environmental Vibrio spp. strains. J Appl Microbiol 2012; 113:361-72. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2012.05350.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Tall
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-LNR; Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement; Unité Environnement Microbiologie et Phycotoxines; Ifremer, Centre de Brest; ZI de la Pointe du Diable; Plouzané; France
| | - A. Teillon
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-LNR; Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement; Unité Environnement Microbiologie et Phycotoxines; Ifremer, Centre de Brest; ZI de la Pointe du Diable; Plouzané; France
| | - C. Boisset
- Laboratoire Biotechnologies et Molécules Marines; Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement; Ifremer, Centre de Brest; ZI de la Pointe du Diable; Plouzané; France
| | - R. Delesmont
- Eurofins IPL Nord; Route du Grand Colombier; Gravelines; France
| | - A. Touron-Bodilis
- Laboratoire National d'Hydraulique et Environnement; EDF R&D; Chatou Cedex; France
| | - D. Hervio-Heath
- Laboratoire de Microbiologie-LNR; Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement; Unité Environnement Microbiologie et Phycotoxines; Ifremer, Centre de Brest; ZI de la Pointe du Diable; Plouzané; France
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21
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Li P, Liu X, Li H, Peng XX. Downregulation of Na(+)–NQR complex is essential for Vibrio alginolyticus in resistance to balofloxacin. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2638-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2011] [Revised: 02/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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22
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Caburlotto G, Bianchi F, Gennari M, Ghidini V, Socal G, Aubry FB, Bastianini M, Tafi M, Lleo MM. Integrated evaluation of environmental parameters influencing Vibrio occurrence in the coastal Northern Adriatic Sea (Italy) facing the Venetian lagoon. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2012; 63:20-31. [PMID: 21826491 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-011-9920-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2011] [Accepted: 07/18/2011] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In the marine environment, the persistence and abundance of Vibrio are related to a number of environmental parameters. The influence of the different environmental variables in determining the Vibrio occurrence could be different in the specific geographic areas around the world. Moreover, oceanographic parameters are generally interdependent and should not be considered separately when their influence on bacterial presence and concentration is tested. In this study, an integrated approach was used to identify key parameters determining the abundance of Vibrio spp in marine samples from the Venetian Lagoon in Italy, which is an important area for fish farming and tourism. Multivariate techniques have been adopted to analyze the dataset: using PCA, it was shown that a relatively high proportion of the total variance in this area was mainly due to two independent variables, namely salinity and temperature. Using cluster analysis, it was possible to categorize different groups with homogeneous features as regards space ("stations") and time ("seasons") distribution, as well as to quantify the values of environmental variables and the Vibrio abundances in each category. Furthermore, integrating key environmental factors and bacterial concentration values, it was possible to identify levels of salinity and sea surface temperature which were optimal for Vibrio concentration in water, plankton, and sediment samples. The identification of key environmental variables conditioning Vibrio occurrence should facilitate ocean monitoring, making it possible to predict unexpected variations in marine microflora which determine possible public health risks in coastal areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Caburlotto
- Dipartimento di Patologia e Diagnostica, Sezione di Microbiologia, Università di Verona, Strada Le Grazie 8, 37134, Verona, Italy
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23
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Chen MX, Li HY, Li G, Zheng TL. Distribution of Vibrio alginolyticus-like species in Shenzhen coastal waters, China. Braz J Microbiol 2011; 42:884-96. [PMID: 24031704 PMCID: PMC3768764 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822011000300007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2010] [Revised: 10/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the distribution of vibrios in Shenzhen coastal waters in order to obtain valuable information for the aquaculture industry and a health warning system. Quantities of vibrios from surface waters ranged from 0 to 4.40×10(4) CFUs mL(-1) in April (spring), while from 0 to 2.57×10(3) CFUs mL(-1) in September (autumn); the abundance of V. alginolyticus-like species from surface water ranged from 0 to 6.72×10(3) CFUs mL(-1) in April (spring) and from 0 to 1.28×10(3) CFUs mL(-1) in September (autumn); higher counts were observed in spring. The V. alginolyticus-like species was dominant in Shenzhen coastal waters, with the highest abundance in the clean region (stations YMK001 and GDN064) in April, suggesting that Vibrio spp. were naturally occurring bacteria in marine environments. The correlation between the abundance of vibrios (including V. alginolyticus-like species) and environmental factors varied in different regions and different seasons. There were no vibrios detected when the salinity was less than 11.15‰ in the Zhujiang River estuary, which indicated that salinity played a key role in the distribution of vibrios and V. alginolyticus-like species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Xia Chen
- Key Lab of MOE for Coast and Wetland Ecosystem, School of Life Science, Xiamen University , Xiamen 361005 , China ; College of Chemical Engineering, Huaqiao university , 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021 , China
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24
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Serracca L, Battistini R, Rossini I, Prearo M, Ottaviani D, Leoni F, Ercolini C. Vibrio virulence genes in fishes collected from estuarine waters in Italy. Lett Appl Microbiol 2011; 53:403-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2011.03119.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Small HJ, Pagenkopp KM. Reservoirs and alternate hosts for pathogens of commercially important crustaceans: a review. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 106:153-64. [PMID: 21215362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2010.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
There is a considerable body of literature describing the causative agents of many diseases of crustaceans. Given that many of these crustaceans support commercially important fisheries, it is somewhat surprising that comparatively little information is available regarding the natural transmission pathways and reservoirs of many of the disease-causing agents. In this paper we review what is known about reservoirs and alternate hosts for several important diseases of commercially important crustaceans and provide recommendations on future areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish J Small
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science (VIMS), College of William & Mary, P.O. Box 1346, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
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26
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Xiong XP, Wang C, Ye MZ, Yang TC, Peng XX, Li H. Differentially expressed outer membrane proteins of Vibrio alginolyticus in response to six types of antibiotics. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 12:686-695. [PMID: 20217167 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-009-9256-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen that occasionally causes life-threatening infections in individuals and results in great losses in marine aquacultures of crustaceans and fish. Recently, antibiotic-resistant strains of the bacterium from clinical and environmental sources have been reported with increasing frequency. However, few reports were involved in the antibiotic resistance of this bacterium at molecular levels. In the present study, Western blotting was utilized to investigate altered OM proteins of V. alginolyticus in response to six types of antibiotics: erythromycin, kanamycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, nalidixic acid, and chloromycetin. Seventeen OM proteins have been reported here for the first time to be related to antibiotic resistance. They were porins OmpU, OmpN, putative OmpU and LamB; transport proteins VA0802, VA2212 (FadL) and VPA0860; TolC family TolC and VA1631; lipoprotein VA0449; OmpA family VPA1186 and VA0764; iron-regulated proteins OmpV, VPA1435, and VA2602; and receptor protein OmpK; hypothetical protein VA1475. Importantly, VA2212 was up-regulated in response to the five antibiotics except nalidixic acid, and VPA1186 was down-regulated in response to the six antibiotics in antibiotic-stressed bacteria. They might be potentially universal targets for designing the new drugs that inhibit multi-resistant bacteria. These findings suggested that parallel investigations into a bacterium responding to several types of antibiotics would be helpful not only for the further understanding of antibiotic-resistant mechanisms but also for the screening of valuable targets of new drugs controlling antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Peng Xiong
- Center for Proteomics, State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
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27
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Longo C, Corriero G, Licciano M, Stabili L. Bacterial accumulation by the Demospongiae Hymeniacidon perlevis: a tool for the bioremediation of polluted seawater. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2010; 60:1182-1187. [PMID: 20434181 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2010] [Revised: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/31/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Sponges can filter large amounts of water, which exerts an important grazing impact on free bacteria, an important component of the diet of sponges. We examined the accumulation of bacteria in the Demospongiae (Hymeniacidon perlevis). Analyses were performed on homogenates from unstarved and starved sponges in seawater from their sampling site (the Ionian Sea). Culturable heterotrophic bacteria (22 degrees C), total culturable bacteria (37 degrees C) and vibrios densities were measured on marine agar 2216, plate count agar and TCBS agar, respectively. Total and fecal coliforms, as well as fecal streptococci, were determined by the most probable number method (MPN). H. perlevis was able to accumulate all of the six microbiological groups. Bacterial groups differed in their resistance to digestion by H. perlevis. Our data suggest that H. perlevis may accumulate, remediate and metabolize bacteria and that they may be employed as a useful bioindicator and bioremediator.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Longo
- Dipartimento di Biologia Animale ed Ambientale, Università di Bari, Via Orabona, 4-70125 Bari, Italy
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28
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Vezzulli L, Pezzati E, Moreno M, Fabiano M, Pane L, Pruzzo C. Benthic ecology of Vibrio spp. and pathogenic Vibrio species in a coastal Mediterranean environment (La Spezia Gulf, Italy). MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2009; 58:808-18. [PMID: 19543938 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-009-9542-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2009] [Accepted: 05/16/2009] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We carried out a 16-month in situ study to investigate the ecology of Vibrio spp. and pathogenic Vibrio species in coastal sediments of the Mediterranean Sea, employing multiple-regression analysis to reveal the major environmental factors controlling their occurrence in the benthic environment. In addition, association between vibrios and sediment-inhabiting meiofauna, which is a major component of benthic ecosystems, was investigated. Culturable and total Vibrio spp. estimates by most-probable-number technique coupled with standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR methods, respectively, were at least one order of magnitude higher in sediment than in seawater. In addition, potential human pathogenic species Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio parahaemolyticus occurred in the sediment with V. parahaemolyticus being the most frequently found. In the pelagic environment, 60% of total variance in culturable Vibrio data was explained by sea surface temperature (40%), salinity (13%) and organic matter concentration (7%). In the benthic environment, sea surface temperature was the only factor that significantly affected culturable Vibrio occurrence although it explained only 25% of total variance, suggesting that additional unexplored factors may play a role as well. No correlation was found between culturable Vibrio spp. concentrations and the abundance of harpacticoid copepods in the sediment whilst a negative correlation was found between Vibrio spp. and nematode abundance which accounted for almost 90% of the total meiofaunal density. Taxonomic analysis revealed that selective bacterial feeders accounted for nearly 50% of the total nematode community and included genera such as Terschellingia, Molgolaimus and Halalaimus, suggesting that top-down control by nematode grazing may be an important factor affecting Vibrio occurrence in these sediments. It is concluded that the benthic marine environment may function as a reservoir of Vibrio spp. and potential pathogenic vibrios whose ecological features appeared substantially different from the ones recognised in the pelagic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Vezzulli
- Department of Biology (DIBIO), University of Genoa, Viale Benedetto XV 5, 16132, Genoa, Italy.
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Acanthamoeba castellanii promotes the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Appl Environ Microbiol 2008; 74:7183-8. [PMID: 18849458 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01332-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a food-borne pathogen that naturally inhabits both marine and estuarine environments. Free-living protozoa exist in similar aquatic environments and function to control bacterial numbers by grazing on free-living bacteria. Protozoa also play an important role in the survival and spread of some pathogenic species of bacteria. We investigated the interaction between the protozoan Acanthamoeba castellanii and the bacterium Vibrio parahaemolyticus. We found that Acanthamoeba castellanii does not prey on Vibrio parahaemolyticus but instead secretes a factor that promotes the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in coculture. These studies suggest that protozoa may provide a survival advantage to an extracellular pathogen in the environment.
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