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Bainbridge ZT, Olley JM, Lewis SE, Stevens T, Smithers SG. Tracing sources of inorganic suspended particulate matter in the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, Australia. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15651. [PMID: 38977793 PMCID: PMC11231178 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-66561-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Water clarity on the inshore Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is greatly influenced by terrestrial runoff of suspended particulate matter (SPM). Catchment sediment tracing studies often do not extend into the marine environment, preventing the analysis of preferential marine transport. This study employs novel collection and sediment tracing techniques to examine the transport of the terrigenous 'mineral' component of plume SPM within the GBR lagoon for two flood events. Utilising geochemical, radionuclide and clay mineral analysis, we trace terrigenous mineral sediments > 100 km from the river mouth. We show that the SPM geochemistry is highly influenced by particle-size fractionation, desorption, and dilution within the plume, rendering traditional tracing methods unviable. However, the ratios of rare earth elements (REE) to thorium (Th) provide stable tracers of mineral SPM transported across the catchment to marine continuum and allow the identification of discrete catchment sources for each flood event. Plume sediment radionuclides are also stable and consistent with sub-surface erosion sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe T Bainbridge
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia.
| | - Jon M Olley
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Brisbane, 4222, Australia
| | - Stephen E Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Thomas Stevens
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
| | - Scott G Smithers
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
- Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Australia
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2
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Newham M, Olley J, Orr D, Ramsay I, Burton J. Temporal and spatial water quality impacts of point-source versus catchment-derived nitrogen loads in an urbanised estuary. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 931:172548. [PMID: 38643882 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
The Brisbane River estuary is an anthropogenically-impacted waterway in southeast Queensland, Australia. The estuary is over 80 km long and flows through an urbanised region. It receives over 500 t per year of total nitrogen (N) from direct point-source discharges in addition to sporadic flood loads of N from an agriculturally impacted upper catchment. Comprehensive water quality monitoring data for the estuary have been collected from at least 2001. This monitoring data includes ambient nutrient concentrations in the estuary, nutrient concentration and volume of the catchment inflows, and nutrient concentration and volume of point source discharges. This long-term data from a range of sources was used to determine temporal and spatial variations in concentrations, forms, stores and loads of N along the estuary for the period 2001 to 2022. Results showed that, during low-flow periods, the store of N in the mid-upper estuary (33-81 km upstream) is significantly determined by point-source discharges to this reach, and therefore the store of N can be modelled. Model parameters are the daily point source loads, a point source load decay factor, and a background constant store. In the lower estuary (0-33 km upstream) N store can be accurately determined based on dilution with seawater, with point sources not having significant influence on total N in the reach. Total N from large flood events was found to largely pass through the estuary without detectable removal processes, delivering catchment derived N directly to coastal waters. This work informs potential application of nutrient offsets in the estuary, guiding where and when offset options will be effective to mitigate the water quality impacts of point-source nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Newham
- Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia.
| | - Jon Olley
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - David Orr
- Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Ian Ramsay
- Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Joanne Burton
- Department of Environment, Science and Innovation, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Council of Mayors South East Queensland, PO Box 12995, George Street, Brisbane, Queensland 4003, Australia
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3
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Tang F, Li J, Ma X, Li Y, Yang H, Huang C, Huang T. Temporal patterns and driving factors of sediment carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry in a eutrophication plateau lake. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 915:170016. [PMID: 38242483 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Stoichiometry determines the key characteristics of organisms and ecosystems on a global scale and provides strong instructions on the fate of sediment carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C-N-P) during the sedimentation process, contributing to the Earth's C-N-P balance. However, the mechanisms underlying C-N-P stoichiometry in response to intensive human activity and organic matter sources remain underexplored, especially in freshwater ecosystems. This study identifies the temporal patterns of C-N-P stoichiometry, reveals the inner driving factors, and clarifies its impact path, especially in eutrophication (the late 1970s). The results revealed that sediment RCP and RNP increased significantly and were controlled by TCAR and TNAR, respectively, indicating the direct impact of burial rate on C-N-P stoichiometry. Based on redundancy analysis and the STM model, autochthonous origin, GDP, and population had positive effects on sediment TCAR, TNAR, and TPAR, which, in turn, affected RCN, RCP, and RNP. Organic matter sources and human activities have a significant influence on RCN, RCP, and RNP, possibly regulated by the variation of TCAR and TNAR. Autochthonous origin had an indirect positive impact on RCN and RCP through the mediating effect of TCAR. Similarly, through the mediating effect of TNAR, it had an indirect negative impact on RCN and an indirect positive impact on RNP. This study showed that TCAR, TNAR, TPAR, GDP, autochthonous, allochthonous and population better explained the changes in RCN, RCP, and RNP over a-hundred-year deposition, highlighting an in-depth understanding of the dynamic change mechanism of sediment C-N-P stoichiometry during the lake deposition process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Tang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Jianhong Li
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Ma
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Yunmei Li
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Hao Yang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Changchun Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- School of Geography Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, PR China; Key Laboratory of Virtual Geographic Environment (Nanjing Normal University), Ministry of Education, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution (Jiangsu Province), Nanjing 210023, PR China.
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4
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Meyneng M, Lemonnier H, Le Gendre R, Plougoulen G, Antypas F, Ansquer D, Serghine J, Schmitt S, Siano R. Subtropical coastal microbiome variations due to massive river runoff after a cyclonic event. ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOME 2024; 19:10. [PMID: 38291506 PMCID: PMC10829310 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-024-00554-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coastal ecosystem variability at tropical latitudes is dependent on climatic conditions. During the wet, rainy season, extreme climatic events such as cyclones, precipitation, and winds can be intense over a short period and may have a significant impact on the entire land‒sea continuum. This study focused on the effect of river runoff across the southwest coral lagoon ecosystem of Grand Terre Island of New Caledonia (South Pacific) after a cyclonic event, which is considered a pulse disturbance at our study site. The variability of coastal microbiomes, studied by the metabarcoding of V4 18S (protists) and V4-V5 16S (bacteria) rDNA genes, after the cyclone passage was associated with key environmental parameters describing the runoff impact (salinity, organic matter proxies, terrestrial rock origin metals) and compared to community structures observed during the dry season. RESULTS Microbiome biodiversity patterns of the dry season were destructured because of the runoff impact, and land-origin taxa were observed in the coastal areas. After the rainy event, different daily community dynamics were observed locally, with specific microbial taxa explaining these variabilities. Plume dispersal modeling revealed the extent of low salinity areas up to the coral reef area (16 km offshore), but a rapid (< 6 days) recovery to typical steady conditions of the lagoon's hydrology was observed. Conversely, during the same time, some biological components (microbial communities, Chl a) and biogeochemical components (particulate nickel, terrigenous organic matter) of the ecosystem did not recover to values observed during the dry season conditions. CONCLUSION The ecosystem resilience of subtropical ecosystems must be evaluated from a multidisciplinary, holistic perspective and over the long term. This allows evaluating the risk associated with a potential continued and long-term disequilibrium of the ecosystem, triggered by the change in the frequency and intensity of extreme climatic events in the era of planetary climatic changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meyneng
- IFREMER, DYNECO, BP70, Plouzané, France
| | - H Lemonnier
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - R Le Gendre
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - G Plougoulen
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - F Antypas
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | - D Ansquer
- French Institute for Research in the Science of the Sea (IFREMER), Research Institute for Development (IRD), University of New Caledonia, University of Reunion, CNRS, UMR 9220 ENTROPIE, Nouméa, New Caledonia
| | | | - S Schmitt
- IFREMER, DYNECO, BP70, Plouzané, France
| | - R Siano
- IFREMER, DYNECO, BP70, Plouzané, France.
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5
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Bahadori M, Chen C, Lewis S, Wang J, Shen J, Hou E, Rashti MR, Huang Q, Bainbridge Z, Stevens T. The origin of suspended particulate matter in the Great Barrier Reef. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5629. [PMID: 37699913 PMCID: PMC10497579 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41183-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
River run-off has long been regarded as the largest source of organic-rich suspended particulate matter (SPM) in the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), contributing to high turbidity, pollutant exposure and increasing vulnerability of coral reef to climate change. However, the terrestrial versus marine origin of the SPM in the GBR is uncertain. Here we provide multiple lines of evidence (13C NMR, isotopic and genetic fingerprints) to unravel that a considerable proportion of the terrestrially-derived SPM is degraded in the riverine and estuarine mixing zones before it is transported further offshore. The fingerprints of SPM in the marine environment were completely different from those of terrestrial origin but more consistent with that formed by marine phytoplankton. This result indicates that the SPM in the GBR may not have terrestrial origin but produced locally in the marine environment, which has significant implications on developing better-targeted management practices for improving water quality in the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Bahadori
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Juntao Wang
- Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Global Centre for Land-Based Innovation, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Jupei Shen
- School of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, PR China
| | - Enqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Mehran Rezaei Rashti
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
- School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zoe Bainbridge
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Tom Stevens
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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6
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Lake NF, Martínez-Carreras N, Iffly JF, Shaw PJ, Collins AL. Use of a submersible spectrophotometer probe to fingerprint spatial suspended sediment sources at catchment scale. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162332. [PMID: 36805058 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Sediment fingerprinting is used to identify catchment sediment sources. Traditionally, it has been based on the collection and analysis of potential soil sources and target sediment. Differences between soil source properties (i.e., fingerprints) are then used to discriminate between sources, allowing the quantification of the relative source contributions to the target sediment. The traditional approach generally requires substantial resources for sampling and fingerprint analysis, when using conventional laboratory procedures. In pursuit of reducing the resources required, several new fingerprints have been tested and applied. However, despite the lower resource demands for analysis, most recently proposed fingerprints still require resource intensive sampling and laboratory analysis. Against this background, this study describes the use of UV-VIS absorbance spectra for sediment fingerprinting, which can be directly measured by submersible spectrophotometers on water samples in a rapid and non-destructive manner. To test the use of absorbance to estimate spatial source contributions to the target suspended sediment (SS), water samples were collected from a series of confluences during three sampling campaigns in which a confluence-based approach to source fingerprinting was undertaken. Water samples were measured in the laboratory and, after compensation for absorbance influenced by dissolved components and SS concentration, absorbance readings were used in combination with the MixSIAR Bayesian mixing model to quantify spatial source contributions. The contributions were compared with the sediment budget, to evaluate the potential use of absorbance for sediment fingerprinting at catchment scale. Overall deviations between the spatial source contributions using source fingerprinting and sediment budgeting were 18 % for all confluences (n = 11), for all events (n = 3). However, some confluences showed much higher deviations (up to 52 %), indicating the need for careful evaluation of the results using the spectrophotometer probe. Overall, this study shows the potential of using absorbance, directly obtained from grab water samples, for sediment fingerprinting in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels F Lake
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg; Centre for Environmental Science, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Núria Martínez-Carreras
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg.
| | - Jean François Iffly
- Environmental Research and Innovation (ERIN) Department, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), 41 rue du Brill, L-4422 Belvaux, Luxembourg
| | - Peter J Shaw
- Centre for Environmental Science, School of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, Hampshire SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Collins
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research, North Wyke, Okehampton EX20 2SB, United Kingdom
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7
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Shen R, Huang X, Wen X, Liu J, Song H, Weihrauch C, Rinklebe J, Yang H, Yuan Z, Zheng B, Fu C. The determining factors of sediment nutrient content and stoichiometry along profile depth in seasonal water. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 856:158972. [PMID: 36179838 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the recent decades, the area of seasonal water (SEW) has substantially increased at the global scale. To evaluate nutrient dynamics in aquatic ecosystems, previous studies have analyzed the determining factors of sediment nutrient content and stoichiometry on whole sediment profiles without depth separation on SEW sites. Such a methodology assumes that SEW sediment is a uniform unit and its nutrient dynamics are regulated by the same mechanism at various depths (uniformity assumption). We tested this assumption using sediment samples from six depth increments of 154 sediment profiles (1 m depth) on SEW sites at Shengjin Lake in subtropical China. We measured sediment total nitrogen (STN), total phosphorus (STP), nutrient fractions, and the molar ratio of STN to STP (RSNP), and investigated their determining factors at various depths. STN, STP, and RSNP were averaged at 1.34 g/kg, 0.55 g/kg, and 5.43, respectively, and all gradually decreased with depth. STN was positively affected by moisture and flooding duration in all depth increments. Instead, the major determining factors of STP changed from particle size at 0-20 cm of depth to pH and electrical conductivity at 30-100 cm of depth. These vertical patterns have close connections with sediment nutrient fractions since sediment N fractions did not shift along profile depths (i.e., over 99 % of STN was organic N) but sediment P fractions did (the percentage of Fe-P and Al-P decreased by 6.25 % but those of Ca-P increased by 4.31 % along the sediment depth gradient). The major determining factors of RSNP showed no obvious vertical patterns because they frequently varied along depth gradients. The results demonstrate that SEW sediment is not a uniform unit and the determining factors of nutrient dynamics change with depth. Our study highlights the importance of improved methodological reflection in studies addressing sediment nutrient dynamics on SEW sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruichang Shen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland Conservation and Restoration National Permanent Scientific Research Base, National Ecosystem Research Station of Jiangxi Poyang Lake Wetland, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Xingyun Huang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Watershed Ecosystem Change and Biodiversity, Center for Watershed Ecology, Institute of Life Science and School of Life Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Xiuting Wen
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Hocheol Song
- Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Christoph Weihrauch
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Jörg Rinklebe
- University of Wuppertal, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Laboratory of Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany; Department of Environment, Energy and Geoinformatics, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-Dong, Guangjin-Gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hong Yang
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AB, UK
| | - Zhifen Yuan
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Bofu Zheng
- Jiangxi Institute of Ecological Civilization, School of Resources and Environment, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Chun Fu
- Jiangxi Regional Economic Research Institute, School of Public Policy and Administration, School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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8
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Guo J, Xie Y, Guan A, Qi W, Cao X, Peng J, Liu H, Wu X, Li C, Wang D, Qu J. Dam construction reshapes sedimentary pollutant distribution along the Yangtze river by regulating sediment composition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 316:120659. [PMID: 36379289 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Dam construction has far-reaching impacts on pollutant accumulation and the pollutant-induced quality of aquatic environments. Nonetheless, its large-scale effects on pollutant distribution in sediments, which greatly contribute to the environmental impacts of coexisting pollutants, remain poorly understood. We collected sediments from the Yangtze River during the dry and normal seasons (with 'normal' defined in terms of precipitation level), and examined how dam construction alters the spatial trajectories of both inorganic and organic pollutants in the sediments. Sediment composition exhibited linear variation from the upper to the lower reaches, with clay and silt particles dominating the sediment in the Three Gorges Reservoir and sand particles dominating in the middle-lower reaches. Accordingly, upstream of the Three Gorges Dam (TGD), sedimentary carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, heavy metal, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and oxygenated PAHs (OPAHs) contents increased toward the TGD owing to its regulation of the spatial variation in sediment particle size. The TGD caused upstream sedimentary accumulation of pollutants to be higher nearer to the TGD than in the upper reaches by 17%-129% for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, 7%-51% for heavy metals, 30% for PAHs, and 140% for OPAHs. Pollutant content was sharply lower below the TGD, by 0.58-11.15 times for carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus, 0.1-2.6 times for heavy metals, 1.7 times for PAHs, and 5.6 times for OPAHs. Upstream of the TGD, levels of NH4+-N, the main form of N in the interstitial water of the Yangtze River, increased lineary toward the TGD, whereas those of NO3--N and NO2--N decreased. Sedimentary organic matter source contributions were consistent along the Yangtze River, being on an average 46% for C3 plants and 28% for soil organic substances, further confirming the dam's regulatory effect on pollutants. These findings provide a foundation for future assessments of the environmental impact of dam-induced river fragmentation and hydrological alterations, and for developing advanced watershed pollutant management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxun Guo
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Aomei Guan
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China
| | - Weixiao Qi
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jianfeng Peng
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xinghua Wu
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | - Chong Li
- China Three Gorges Corporation, Wuhan, 430010, China
| | | | - Jiuhui Qu
- Center for Water and Ecology, State Key Joint Laboratory of Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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9
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D'Olivo JP, McCulloch M. Impact of European settlement and land use changes on Great Barrier Reef river catchments reconstructed from long-term coral Ba/Ca records. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 830:154461. [PMID: 35278559 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The increase in sediment and nutrient loads entering the coastal waters of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and the associated degradation of water quality represents a major threat to coral reefs. Although the strengthening of preventative management strategies remains a priority, there is a general lack of terrestrial runoff baseline information with respect to the spatial and temporal severity of disturbances associated with ongoing European-style land use practices. Here we use new and existing high-resolution coral Ba/Ca and luminescence records from the central Cairns region to the southern GBR shelf to reconstruct sediment fluxes discharged into the GBR from before European settlement in the 1860s to the present-day. Since the commencement of European settlement in the 1860s we document a tripling of flood-plume suspended sediment loads delivered by the Burdekin River to the GBR lagoon relative to 'natural' pre-European baseline levels. We show that this is indicative of a much more extreme degradation of the river catchments than hitherto appreciated with intensified discharge events particularly from the central and southern catchments carrying higher sediment loads. More-over from the 1930s onwards the Burdekin River, the largest source of both sediment and freshwater to the GBR, has also exhibited a progressive northwards expansion of its flood plume. This, together with increased variability of freshwater inputs indicated by coral luminescence records, now shows that the inner GBR not only continues to be impacted by increasing sediment/nutrient loads but is also subject to higher intensity river discharge events due to the loss of ground cover causing increased overland runoff and erosion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo D'Olivo
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin 12249, Germany.
| | - Malcolm McCulloch
- The ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia.
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10
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Chen Y, Wang H, Liao R, Li H, Wang Y, Zhou H, Li J, Huang T, Zhang X, Ma H. Rapidly Measuring Scattered Polarization Parameters of the Individual Suspended Particle with Continuously Large Angular Range. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12050321. [PMID: 35624622 PMCID: PMC9138884 DOI: 10.3390/bios12050321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suspended particles play a vital role in aquatic environments. We propose a method to rapidly measure the scattered polarization parameters of individual suspended particles with continuously large angular range (PCLAR), from 60° to 120° in one shot. A conceptual setup is built to measure PCLAR with 20 kHz; to verify the setup, 10 μm-diameter silica microspheres suspended in water, whose PCLAR are consistent with those simulated by Mie theory, are measured. PCLAR of 6 categories of particles are measured, which enables high-accuracy classification with the help of a convolutional neural network algorithm. PCLAR of different mixtures of Cyclotella stelligera and silica microspheres are measured to successfully identify particulate components. Furthermore, classification ability comparisons of different angular-selection strategies show that PCLAR enables the best classification beyond the single angle, discrete angles and small-ranged angles. Simulated PCLAR of particles with different size, refractive index, and structure show explicit discriminations between them. Inversely, the measured PCLAR are able to estimate the effective size and refractive index of individual Cyclotella cells. Results demonstrate the method’s power, which intrinsically takes the advantage of the optical polarization and the angular coverage. Future prototypes based on this concept would be a promising biosensor for particles in environmental monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Chen
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Hongjian Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Ran Liao
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Hening Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Yihao Wang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Hu Zhou
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China; (Y.C.); (H.Z.)
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Jiajin Li
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Tongyu Huang
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434020, China;
| | - Hui Ma
- Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China; (H.W.); (H.L.); (Y.W.); (J.L.); (T.H.); (H.M.)
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11
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Luo Y, Huang L, Lei X, Yu X, Liu C, Jiang L, Sun Y, Cheng M, Gan J, Zhang Y, Zhou G, Liu S, Lian J, Huang H. Light availability regulated by particulate organic matter affects coral assemblages on a turbid fringing reef. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 177:105613. [PMID: 35429821 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 12/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Recently, increasing evidence suggests that reef-building corals exposed to elevated suspended solids (SS) are largely structured by changes in underwater light availability (ULA). However, there are few direct and quantitative observations in situ support for this hypothesis; in particular, the contribution of SS to the diffuse attenuation coefficient of the photosynthetically active radiation (Kd-PAR) variations is not yet fully understood. Here, we investigated the variations in ULA, the structure of coral assemblages, and the concentration and composition of SS on the Luhuitou fringing reef, Sanya, China. Light attenuation was rapid (Kd-PAR: 0.60 ± 0.39 m-1) resulting in a shallow euphotic depth (Zeu-PAR) (<11 m). Benthic PAR showed significant positive correlations with branching and corymbose corals (e.g. Acropora spp.), while massive and encrusting species (e.g. Porites spp.) dominated the coral communities and showed no significant correlations with PAR. These results indicate that the depth range available for coral growth is shallow and the tolerance to low-light stress differs among coral species. Notably, Kd-PAR showed no significant correlations with the grain size fractions of SS, whereas significant positive correlations were found with its organic fraction content, demonstrating that the light attenuation of SS is mainly regulated by particulate organic matter (POM). Intriguingly, our isotopic evidence revealed that POM concentration contributed the most to changes in Kd-PAR, with its source being slightly less important. Combined, our results highlight ULA regulated by POM is an important factor in contributing to changes in coral assemblages on inshore turbid reefs, and reducing the input of terrestrial materials, especially POM, is an effective measure to alleviate the low-light stress on sensitive coral species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lintao Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xinming Lei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Xiaolei Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengyue Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Lei Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Youfang Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Meng Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jianfeng Gan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Guowei Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Sheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Jiansheng Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Guangzhou, Guangzhou, 511458, China
| | - Hui Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510301, China; CAS-HKUST Sanya Joint Laboratory of Marine Science Research, Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Biotechnology of Hainan Province, Sanya Institute of Oceanology, SCSIO, Sanya, 572000, China; Sanya National Marine Ecosystem Research Station, Tropical Marine Biological Research Station in Hainan, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya, 572000, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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12
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Alhassan AB, Aljahdali MO. Nutrient and physicochemical properties as potential causes of stress in mangroves of the central Red Sea. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0261620. [PMID: 34941948 PMCID: PMC8700010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0261620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangrove ecosystems are some of the most productive and important sinks for sediment globally. Recently, there has been an increasing interest in possible causes of stress in mangroves, such as nutrient limitation, high salinity, solar radiation and temperature. We measured different factors casing stress and determined how they influenced oxidative stress and growth biomarkers in six study sites dominated by mangroves; Al Lith, South Jeddah, Dahban, Thuwal, Rabigh and Mastorah. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were recorded in water salinities and temperatures, nitrogen and phosphorus content in sediments, and antioxidant enzyme activities in different study sites. The highest salinity (40.75 ‰) and temperature (29.32°C) were recorded in the Rabigh mangrove stand, which corresponds to the lowest dissolved oxygen (5.21 mg/L). Total organic carbon, total nitrogen and total phosphorus in sediment across the study areas were in the order Rabigh>Thuwal>Dahban>Al Lith>South Jeddah>Mastorah. Total nitrogen in mangrove leaves at Rabigh was the highest and about 1.3 times higher than the total nitrogen in South Jeddah mangrove ecosystem, very different from the ratio of total nitrogen in the sediments at Rabigh and South Jeddah mangrove ecosystems. The average values of δ13C (-17.60‰) and δ15N (2.84‰) in the six mangrove ecosystems, and the highest δ13C (-13.62‰) and δ15N (4.39‰) at Rabigh in the sediments suggest that nutrient input differed among study sites. Higher nutrient levels at Rabigh mangrove ecosystem were attributed to restricted circulation, camel grazing and land runoff with agricultural waste during seasonal flooding events. However, N limitation and possibly salinity contributed to stress in Al Lith, South Jeddah, Dahban, Thuwal, Rabigh, and Mastorah mangrove ecosystems. Salinity (r = 0.9012) contribute more to stress at Rabigh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullahi Bala Alhassan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
- * E-mail: (ABA); (MOA)
| | - Mohammed Othman Aljahdali
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (ABA); (MOA)
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13
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Garzon-Garcia A, Burton JM, Lewis S, Bainbridge Z, De Hayr R, Moody P, Brodie J. The bioavailability of nitrogen associated with sediment in riverine plumes of the Great Barrier Reef. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 173:112910. [PMID: 34536704 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study quantified the bioavailable nitrogen contribution from riverine plumes to Great Barrier Reef (GBR) coastal environments. The potential bioavailable nitrogen from two Dry Tropics riverine plumes was considerable [9 - 30% added to the end-of-catchment dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) load]. Particulate inorganic nitrogen conversion to DIN was an important process in short timeframes (25% to 100% of the generated load). The remaining load was contributed by microbial mineralisation of organic nitrogen. Flood plume sediment has potential to generate nitrogen once deposited and/or resuspended. Nitrogen generation was insignificant in a few plumes where immobilisation of nitrogen in bacteria biomass occurred. The source of organic matter in the plumes and availability of nitrogen relative to organic matter were important determinants of mineralisation/immobilisation. This research demonstrates that riverine plumes have potential to be considerable sources of bioavailable nitrogen to coastal environments of the GBR and that organic matter is a key bioavailability driver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Garzon-Garcia
- Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Joanne M Burton
- Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville Q 4811, Australia
| | - Zoe Bainbridge
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville Q 4811, Australia
| | - Rob De Hayr
- Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Philip Moody
- Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Jon Brodie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville Q 4811, Australia
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14
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Comeros-Raynal MT, Brodie J, Bainbridge Z, Choat JH, Curtis M, Lewis S, Stevens T, Shuler CK, Sudek M, Hoey AS. Catchment to sea connection: Impacts of terrestrial run-off on benthic ecosystems in American Samoa. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112530. [PMID: 34087665 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Variation in water quality can directly affect the composition of benthic assemblages on coral reefs. Yet, few studies have directly quantified nutrient and suspended particulate matter (SPM) to examine their potential impacts on benthic community structure, especially around high oceanic islands. We assessed the spatio-temporal variation of nutrients and SPM across six sites in American Samoa over a 12-month period and used exploratory path analysis to relate dissolved inorganic nutrients, land use, and natural and anthropogenic drivers to benthic assemblages on adjacent shallow reefs. Multivariate analyses showed clear gradients in nutrient concentrations, sediment accumulation and composition, and benthic structure across watersheds. Instream nutrients and land uses positively influenced reef flat nutrient concentrations, while benthic assemblages were best predicted by wave exposure, runoff, stream phosphate and dissolved inorganic nitrogen loads. Identifying locality-specific drivers of water quality and benthic condition can support targeted management in American Samoa and in other high islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mia T Comeros-Raynal
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - Jon Brodie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Zoe Bainbridge
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - John Howard Choat
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Meagan Curtis
- American Samoa Community College, Pago Pago, AS 96799, USA
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Thomas Stevens
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Christopher K Shuler
- Division of Earth Sciences, Water Resources Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI 96822, USA
| | | | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
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15
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Schlaefer JA, Tebbett SB, Bellwood DR. The study of sediments on coral reefs: A hydrodynamic perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112580. [PMID: 34102417 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
There is a rich literature on coral reef sediments. However, this knowledge is spread among research fields, and the extent to which major sediment reservoirs and reservoir connecting processes have been quantified is unclear. We examined the literature to quantify where and how sediments have been measured on coral reefs and, thereby, identified critical knowledge gaps. In most studies, sediments in one reservoir or one sedimentary process were quantified. The measurement of water column sediments (55% of reservoir measurements) and sediment trapping rates (42% of process measurements) were over-represented. In contrast, sediments on reef substrata, and the transition of sediments from the water column to the benthos, were rarely quantified. Furthermore, only ~20% of sediment measurements were accompanied by the quantification of hydrodynamic drivers. Multidisciplinary collaborative approaches offer great promise for advancing our understanding of the connections between sediment reservoirs, and the sedimentary and hydrodynamic processes that mediate these connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie A Schlaefer
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Sterling B Tebbett
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David R Bellwood
- Research Hub for Coral Reef Ecosystem Functions, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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16
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Li J, Wang H, Liao R, Wang Y, Liu Z, Zhuo Z, Guo Z, Ma H. Statistical Mueller matrix driven discrimination of suspended particles. OPTICS LETTERS 2021; 46:3645-3648. [PMID: 34329245 DOI: 10.1364/ol.433870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
An effective method to calculate the statistical Mueller matrix (SMM) of suspended particles based on polarized light scattering is presented that takes advantage of the Stokes vectors measurement of individual particles. The calculation method of the SMM is derived based on statistics. Experimental results of Microcystis samples confirm that the SMM can characterize cells of different states. Then, pairwise contrast experiments indicate the great prospect of the SMM applied on the discrimination of suspended particles. It helps to find the optimal incident polarization state to discriminate suspended particles, and it has optimal discrimination ability. The parameter derived from the SMM can simultaneously discriminate particles including microalgae, microplastics, and sand-like particles.
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17
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Lambert V, Bainbridge ZT, Collier C, Lewis SE, Adams MP, Carter A, Saunders MI, Brodie J, Turner RDR, Rasheed MA, O'Brien KR. Connecting targets for catchment sediment loads to ecological outcomes for seagrass using multiple lines of evidence. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 169:112494. [PMID: 34051518 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Catchment impacts on downstream ecosystems are difficult to quantify, but important for setting management targets. Here we compared 12 years of monitoring data of seagrass area and biomass in Cleveland Bay, northeast Australia, with discharge and associated sediment loads from nearby rivers. Seagrass biomass and area exhibited different trajectories in response to river inputs. River discharge was a slightly better predictor of seagrass indicators than total suspended solid (TSS) loads, indicating that catchment effects on seagrass are not restricted to sediment. Linear relationships between Burdekin River TSS loads delivered over 1-4 years and seagrass condition in Cleveland Bay generated Ecologically Relevant Targets (ERT) for catchment sediment inputs. Our predicted ERTs were comparable to those previously estimated using mechanistic models. This study highlights the challenges of linking catchment inputs to condition of downstream ecosystems, and the importance of integrating a variety of metrics and approaches to increase confidence in ERTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Lambert
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Stephen E Lewis
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Matthew P Adams
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia; School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Mathematical and Statistical Frontiers, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Centre for Data Science, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alex Carter
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Jon Brodie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Ryan D R Turner
- Water Quality & Investigations, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia; Managing for Resilient Landscapes, Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Katherine R O'Brien
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
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18
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Bainbridge Z, Lewis S, Stevens T, Petus C, Lazarus E, Gorman J, Smithers S. Measuring sediment grain size across the catchment to reef continuum: Improved methods and environmental insights. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 168:112339. [PMID: 33962086 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sediments collected within freshwater, estuarine and marine habitats were used to trial various chemical and physical pre-treatments to develop a systematic protocol for grain-size analysis using laser diffraction. Application of this protocol mitigates the influence of bio-physical processes that may transform grain-size distributions, enabling the characterisation and quantification of 'primary' mineral sediments across the complex freshwater-marine continuum to be more reliably assessed. Application of the protocol to two Great Barrier Reef (Australia) river catchments and their estuaries reveals the ecologically relevant <20 μm fraction comprises a larger component of exported sediment than existing methods indicate. These findings are highly relevant when comparing measured data to grain-size-specific modelled sediment loads and water-quality targets. Finally, adoption of the protocol also improves the environmental interpretation of the influence of 'terrigenous sediment' in marine settings, including quantification of newly-delivered flood plume sediment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Bainbridge
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Thomas Stevens
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Caroline Petus
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Emily Lazarus
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Jessica Gorman
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - Scott Smithers
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia; Earth and Environmental Sciences, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
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19
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Baird ME, Mongin M, Skerratt J, Margvelashvili N, Tickell S, Steven ADL, Robillot C, Ellis R, Waters D, Kaniewska P, Brodie J. Impact of catchment-derived nutrients and sediments on marine water quality on the Great Barrier Reef: An application of the eReefs marine modelling system. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112297. [PMID: 33901977 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water quality of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) is determined by a range of natural and anthropogenic drivers that are resolved in the eReefs coupled hydrodynamic - biogeochemical marine model forced by a process-based catchment model, GBR Dynamic SedNet. Model simulations presented here quantify the impact of anthropogenic catchment loads of sediments and nutrients on a range of marine water quality variables. Simulations of 2011-2018 show that reduction of anthropogenic catchment loads results in improved water quality, especially within river plumes. Within the 16 resolved river plumes, anthropogenic loads increased chlorophyll concentration by 0.10 (0.02-0.25) mg Chl m-3. Reductions of anthropogenic loads following proposed Reef 2050 Water Quality Improvement Plan targets reduced chlorophyll concentration in the plumes by 0.04 (0.01-0.10) mg Chl m-3. Our simulations demonstrate the impact of anthropogenic loads on GBR water quality and quantify the benefits of improved catchment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark E Baird
- CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Hobart 7001, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Robin Ellis
- Science Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia
| | - David Waters
- Science Division, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Paulina Kaniewska
- Office of the Great Barrier Reef, Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jon Brodie
- James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
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20
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Lewis SE, Bartley R, Wilkinson SN, Bainbridge ZT, Henderson AE, James CS, Irvine SA, Brodie JE. Land use change in the river basins of the Great Barrier Reef, 1860 to 2019: A foundation for understanding environmental history across the catchment to reef continuum. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 166:112193. [PMID: 33706212 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Land use in the catchments draining to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon has changed considerably since the introduction of livestock grazing, various crops, mining and urban development. Together these changes have resulted in increased pollutant loads and impaired coastal water quality. This study compiled records to produce annual time-series since 1860 of human population, livestock numbers and agricultural areas at the scale of surface drainage river basins, natural resource management regions and the whole Great Barrier Reef catchment area. Cattle and several crops have experienced progressive expansion interspersed by declines associated with droughts and diseases. Land uses which have experienced all time maxima since the year 2000 include cattle numbers and the areas of sugar cane, bananas and cotton. A Burdekin Basin case study shows that sediment loads initially increased with the introduction of livestock and mining, remained elevated with agricultural development, and declined slightly with the Burdekin Falls Dam construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Rebecca Bartley
- CSIRO Land and Water, PO Box 2583, Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - Scott N Wilkinson
- CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 2601, Australia
| | - Zoe T Bainbridge
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | | | - Cassandra S James
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Scott A Irvine
- Grazing Land Systems, Land Surface Sciences, Science and Technology Division, Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Ecosciences Precinct, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Jon E Brodie
- Deceased, Formally James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Howley C, Shellberg J, Olley J, Brooks A, Spencer J, Burford M. Sediment and nutrient sources and sinks in a wet-dry tropical catchment draining to the Great Barrier Reef. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112080. [PMID: 33740597 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Many tropical river systems have altered water quality due to human land use, impacting the biodiversity of freshwater and coastal ecosystems. Long-term, catchment-scale monitoring is needed to understand pollutant sources, controls, and trends. This 12-year study monitored baseflow and flood event nutrient and sediment concentrations, and estimated sediment loads across the Normanby Basin in northern Australia. Suspended sediment concentrations and yields were highest in upper catchment areas where cattle grazing occurred on erosion-prone sodic soils. Mid- and lower catchment rivers and floodplains were a sink for sediments and nutrients, trapping around 75% of suspended sediments during events. Clays (<4 μm) were preferentially transported to the estuary, with an estimated 46% sediment delivery ratio. In the estuary, suspended sediment concentrations were influenced by tidal resuspension processes and there were significant sources of DIN. These findings can help prioritise land management investments for the protection of Great Barrier Reef and freshwater ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Howley
- Howley Environmental Consulting, Cooktown, Qld 4895, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia.
| | - J Shellberg
- Shell Hydrologic, Cooktown, Qld 4985, Australia
| | - J Olley
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
| | - A Brooks
- Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - J Spencer
- Centre for Coastal Management, Griffith University, Southport, Qld 4222, Australia
| | - M Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Griffith University, Nathan, Qld 4111, Australia
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22
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McCloskey GL, Baheerathan R, Dougall C, Ellis R, Bennett FR, Waters D, Darr S, Fentie B, Hateley LR, Askildsen M. Modelled estimates of fine sediment and particulate nutrients delivered from the Great Barrier Reef catchments. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 165:112163. [PMID: 33640848 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The eWater Source modelling framework has been modified to support the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) Dynamic SedNet catchment modelling concept, which is used to simulate fine sediment and particulate nutrient generation, loss, and transport processes across GBR catchments. Catchment scale monitored data sets are used to calibrate and evaluate models. Model performance is assessed qualitatively and quantitatively. Modelling predicts that approximately half of generated sediment is delivered to the GBR lagoon; the remainder is deposited on floodplains, trapped in reservoirs or lost through other minor processes (e.g. irrigation extractions). Gullies are the major source of sediment, with comparable contributions from hillslopes and streambanks. Hillslope sources are considered the major source of particulate nutrients across the GBR catchments. We demonstrate that using locally developed, customised models coupled with a complementary monitoring program can produce credible modelled estimates of pollutant loads and provide a platform for testing catchment scale assumptions and scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- G L McCloskey
- Department of Resources, Queensland Government, Australia.
| | - R Baheerathan
- Department of Resources, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - C Dougall
- Department of Resources, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - R Ellis
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - F R Bennett
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - D Waters
- Department of Resources, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - S Darr
- Department of Resources, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - B Fentie
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - L R Hateley
- Department of Resources, Queensland Government, Australia
| | - M Askildsen
- Department of Resources, Queensland Government, Australia
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23
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Jacquet S, Monnin C, Herlory O, Mille D, Dufour A, Oursel B, Heimbürger-Boavida LE, D'onofrio S, Layglon N, Garnier C. Characterization of the submarine disposal of a Bayer effluent (Gardanne alumina plant, southern France): I. Size distribution, chemical composition and settling rate of particles forming at the outfall. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 263:127695. [PMID: 32818848 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The submarine discharge of the high pH clarified Bayer effluent of the Gardanne alumina plant (Marseille region, France) leads to the formation of concretions at the outfall 324 m underwater and to a plume of white particles. The bulk chemical composition of the concretions has been determined by SF-ICP-MS. Mg and Al are the major elements measured with concentrations of a few hundred mg g-1. Ca and S are also found at concentrations in the range of mg g-1. Among the measured trace elements there is a specific interest in As and V because of environmental concerns pointed out by regulation authorities. Their concentrations are of tens to thousands μg g-1, respectively. Concentrations of the other elements are in the range of a few ng g-1 to few hundreds μg g-1. In order to constrain the dispersion of particles in the environment and to understand how chemical elements can be scavenged from or released to seawater, the size distribution of particles composing the concretions has been measured by settling rate experiments and, for each size class of particles, their chemical composition has been determined. For example, As and V are mainly associated to particles with mean diameters between 15.6 and 63 μm and settling rates around 96 m d-1. Overall, all the main elements (Mg, Al, Ca, S) composing concretions are associated to this size class of particles which represents 53-60% of the total concretion mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Jacquet
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France.
| | - Christophe Monnin
- Geosciences Environnement Toulouse, CNRS - Université Paul Sabatier - IRD (Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées), 14 Avenue Edouard Belin, 31400, Toulouse, France
| | - Olivier Herlory
- CREOCEAN, Valparc - Bât B, 230 Avenue de Rome, 83500, La Seyne sur Mer, France
| | - Deborah Mille
- CREOCEAN, Valparc - Bât B, 230 Avenue de Rome, 83500, La Seyne sur Mer, France
| | - Aurélie Dufour
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Benjamin Oursel
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Lars-Eric Heimbürger-Boavida
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Sébastien D'onofrio
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Nicolas Layglon
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
| | - Cédric Garnier
- Aix Marseille Université, CNRS/INSU, Université de Toulon, IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography (MIO), UM 110, 13288, Marseille, France
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24
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Kim DH, Yun HS, Kim YS, Kim JG. Effects of Co-culture on Improved Productivity and Bioresource for Microalgal Biomass Using the Floc-Forming Bacteria Melaminivora Jejuensis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:588210. [PMID: 33392165 PMCID: PMC7775480 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.588210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial and algal floc formation was induced by inoculating three species of wastewater-derived bacteria (Melaminivora jejuensis, Comamonas flocculans, and Escherichia coli) into algal cultures (Chlorella sorokiniana). Bacterial and algal flocs formed in algal cultures inoculated with M. jejuensis and C. flocculans, and these flocs showed higher sedimentation rates than pure algal culture. The floc formed by M. jejuensis (4988.46 ± 2589.81 μm) was 10-fold larger than the floc formed by C. flocculans (488.60 ± 226.22 μm), with a three-fold higher sedimentation rate (M. jejuensis, 91.08 ± 2.32% and C. flocculans, 32.55 ± 6.33%). Biomass and lipid productivity were improved with M. jejuensis inoculation [biomass, 102.25 ± 0.35 mg/(L·day) and 57.80 ± 0.20 mg/(L·day)] compared with the productivity obtained under pure algal culture conditions [biomass, 78.00 ± 3.89 mg/(L·day) and lipids, 42.26 ± 2.11 mg/(L·day)]. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition of the biomass produced under pure algal culture conditions was mainly composed of C16:0 (43.67%) and C18:2 (45.99%), whereas the fatty acid composition of the biomass produced by M. jejuensis was mainly C16:0 (31.80%), C16:1 (24.45%), C18:1 (20.23%), and C18:2 (16.11%). These results suggest the possibility of developing an efficient method for harvesting microalgae using M. jejuensis and provide information on how to improve biomass productivity using floc-forming bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sik Yun
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Young-Saeng Kim
- Research Institute of Ulleung-Do & Dok-Do, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jong-Guk Kim
- School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea.,School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
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25
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Thomas CR, Bennett WW, Garcia C, Simmonds A, Honchin C, Turner R, Madden Hof CA, Bell I. Coastal bays and coral cays: Multi-element study of Chelonia mydas forage in the Great Barrier Reef (2015-2017). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 740:140042. [PMID: 32927538 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
There is increasing interest in understanding potential impacts of complex pollutant profiles to long-lived species such as the green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas), a threatened megaherbivore resident in north Australia. Dietary ingestion may be a key exposure route for metals in these animals and marine plants can accumulate metals at higher concentrations than the surrounding environment. We investigated concentrations of 19 metals and metalloids in C. mydas forage samples collected from a group of offshore coral cays and two coastal bays over a period of 2-3 years. Although no samples exceeded sediment quality guidelines, coastal forage Co, Fe, and V concentrations were up to 2-fold higher, and offshore forage Sr concentrations were ~3-fold higher, than global seagrass means. Principal Component Analysis differentiated coastal bay from coral cay forage according to patterns consistent with underlying terrigenous-type or marine carbonate-type sediment geochemistry, such that coastal bay forage was higher in Fe, Co, Mn, Cu, and Mo (and others) but forage from coral cays was higher in Sr and U. Forage from the two coastal bays was differentiated according to temporal variation in metal profiles, which may be associated with a more episodic sediment disturbance regime in one of the bays. For all study locations, some forage metal concentrations were higher than previously reported in the global literature. Our results suggest that forage metal profiles may be influenced by the presence of some metals in insoluble forms or bound to ultra-fine sediment particles adhered to forage surfaces. Metal concentrations in Great Barrier Reef forage may be present at levels higher than expected from the global seagrass literature and appear strongly influenced by underlying sediment geochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette R Thomas
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research (TropWATER), James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - William W Bennett
- Environmental Futures Research Institute, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast 4222, Australia.
| | - Clement Garcia
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 0HT, UK.
| | - Andrew Simmonds
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville 4805, Australia
| | - Carol Honchin
- Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority, Townsville 4805, Australia.
| | - Ryan Turner
- Department of Environment and Science, Queensland Government, Dutton Park 4102, Australia.
| | | | - Ian Bell
- Aquatic Species Program, Queensland Parks and Wildlife, Department of Environment and Science, Townsville 4810, Australia.
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26
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Chase TJ, Pratchett MS, McWilliam MJ, Hein MY, Tebbett SB, Hoogenboom MO. Damselfishes alleviate the impacts of sediments on host corals. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:192074. [PMID: 32431885 PMCID: PMC7211878 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.192074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Mutualisms play a critical role in ecological communities; however, the importance and prevalence of mutualistic associations can be modified by external stressors. On coral reefs, elevated sediment deposition can be a major stressor reducing the health of corals and reef resilience. Here, we investigated the influence of severe sedimentation on the mutualistic relationship between small damselfishes (Pomacentrus moluccensis and Dascyllus aruanus) and their coral host (Pocillopora damicornis). In an aquarium experiment, corals were exposed to sedimentation rates of approximately 100 mg cm-2 d-1, with and without fishes present, to test whether: (i) fishes influence the accumulation of sediments on coral hosts, and (ii) fishes moderate partial colony mortality and/or coral tissue condition. Colonies with fishes accumulated much less sediment compared with colonies without fishes, and this effect was strongest for colonies with D. aruanus (fivefold less sediment than controls) as opposed to P. moluccensis (twofold less sediment than controls). Colonies with symbiont fishes also had up to 10-fold less sediment-induced partial mortality, as well as higher chlorophyll and protein concentrations. These results demonstrate that fish mutualisms vary in the strength of their benefits, and indicate that some mutualistic or facilitative interactions might become more important for species health and resilience at high-stress levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Chase
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture Group, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - M. S. Pratchett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - M. J. McWilliam
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
- Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawai'i at Manoa, Kaneohe, HI, 96744, USA
| | - M. Y. Hein
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture Group, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - S. B. Tebbett
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture Group, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - M. O. Hoogenboom
- Marine Biology and Aquaculture Group, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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27
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Discharge Estimates for Ungauged Rivers Flowing over Complex High-Mountainous Regions based Solely on Remote Sensing-Derived Datasets. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12071064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Reliable information about river discharge plays a key role in sustainably managing water resources and better understanding of hydrological systems. Therefore, river discharge estimation using remote sensing techniques is an ongoing research goal, especially in small, headwater catchments which are mostly ungauged due to environmental or financial limitations. Here, a novel method for river discharge estimation based entirely on remote sensing-derived parameters is presented. The model inputs include average river width, estimated from Landsat imagery by using the modified normalized difference water index (MNDWI) approach; average depth and velocity, based on empirical equations with inputs from remote sensing; channel slope from a high resolution shuttle radar topography mission digital elevation model (SRTM DEM); and channel roughness coefficient via further analysis and classification of Landsat images with support of previously published values. The discharge of the Lhasa River was then estimated based on these derived parameters and by using either the Manning equation (Model 1) or Bjerklie equation (Model 2). In general, both of the two models tend to overestimate discharge at moderate and high flows, and underestimate discharge at low flows. The overall performances of both models at the Lhasa gauge were satisfactory: comparisons with the observations yielded Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE) and R2 values ≥ 0.886. Both models also performed well at the upper gauge (Tanggya) of the Lhasa River (NSE ≥ 0.950) indicating the transferability of the methodology to river cross-sections with different morphologies, thus demonstrating the potential to quantify streamflow entirely from remote sensing data in poorly-gauged or ungauged rivers on the Tibetan Plateau.
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28
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Fong CR, Gaynus CJ, Carpenter RC. Extreme rainfall events pulse substantial nutrients and sediments from terrestrial to nearshore coastal communities: a case study from French Polynesia. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2955. [PMID: 32076043 PMCID: PMC7031339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59807-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Rainfall mobilizes and transports anthropogenic sources of sediments and nutrients from terrestrial to coastal marine ecosystems, and episodic but extreme rainfall may drive high fluxes to marine communities. Between January 13th and January 22nd, 2017, the South Pacific Island of Moorea, French Polynesia experienced an extreme rainfall event. ~57 cm of rain was delivered over a 10-day storm. We quantified pulsed sediments and nutrients transported to nearshore reefs. We determined the spatial and temporal extent of the sediment pulse with estimates of water transparency. We quantified pulsed nutrients at multiple spatial and temporal scales. To determine if terrestrial nutrients were incorporated into the benthic community, we collected macroalgae over 10 days following the storm and measured tissue nutrient concentrations and δN15. Pulsed sediments impacted water clarity for 6 days following the storm, with greatest impacts closest to the river mouth. Nitrite +nitrate concentrations were >100 times the average while phosphate was >25 times average. Macroalgal tissue nutrients were elevated, and δN15 implicates sewage as the source, demonstrating transported nutrients were transferred to producer communities. Future climate change predictions suggest extreme rainfall will become more common in this system, necessitating research on these pulses and their ramifications on marine communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin R Fong
- California State University Northridge, Department of Biology, Los Angeles, USA.
| | - Camille J Gaynus
- University of California Los Angeles, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Robert C Carpenter
- California State University Northridge, Department of Biology, Los Angeles, USA
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29
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Ceccarelli DM, Evans RD, Logan M, Mantel P, Puotinen M, Petus C, Russ GR, Williamson DH. Long-term dynamics and drivers of coral and macroalgal cover on inshore reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park. ECOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS : A PUBLICATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2020; 30:e02008. [PMID: 31550393 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Quantifying the role of biophysical and anthropogenic drivers of coral reef ecosystem processes can inform management strategies that aim to maintain or restore ecosystem structure and productivity. However, few studies have examined the combined effects of multiple drivers, partitioned their impacts, or established threshold values that may trigger shifts in benthic cover. Inshore fringing reefs of the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park (GBRMP) occur in high-sediment, high-nutrient environments and are under increasing pressure from multiple acute and chronic stressors. Despite world-leading management, including networks of no-take marine reserves, relative declines in hard coral cover of 40-50% have occurred in recent years, with localized but persistent shifts from coral to macroalgal dominance on some reefs. Here we use boosted regression tree analyses to test the relative importance of multiple biophysical drivers on coral and macroalgal cover using a long-term (12-18 yr) data set collected from reefs at four island groups. Coral and macroalgal cover were negatively correlated at all island groups, and particularly when macroalgal cover was above 20%. Although reefs at each island group had different disturbance-and-recovery histories, degree heating weeks (DHW) and routine wave exposure consistently emerged as common drivers of coral and macroalgal cover. In addition, different combinations of sea-surface temperature, nutrient and turbidity parameters, exposure to high turbidity (primary) floodwater, depth, grazing fish density, farming damselfish density, and management zoning variously contributed to changes in coral and macroalgal cover at each island group. Clear threshold values were apparent for multiple drivers including wave exposure, depth, and degree heating weeks for coral cover, and depth, degree heating weeks, chlorophyll a, and cyclone exposure for macroalgal cover, however, all threshold values were variable among island groups. Our findings demonstrate that inshore coral reef communities are typically structured by broadscale climatic perturbations, superimposed upon unique sets of local-scale drivers. Although rapidly escalating climate change impacts are the largest threat to coral reefs of the GBRMP and globally, our findings suggest that proactive management actions that effectively reduce chronic stressors at local scales should contribute to improved reef resistance and recovery potential following acute climatic disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela M Ceccarelli
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Richard D Evans
- Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Kensington, Western Australia, 6151, Australia
- Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Murray Logan
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Philippa Mantel
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Marji Puotinen
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville, Queensland, 4810, Australia
| | - Caroline Petus
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - Garry R Russ
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
| | - David H Williamson
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, 4811, Australia
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Tebbett SB, Bellwood DR. Algal turf sediments on coral reefs: what's known and what's next. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 149:110542. [PMID: 31542595 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.110542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Algal turfs are likely to rise in prominence on coral reefs in the Anthropocene. In these ecosystems the sediments bound within algal turfs will shape ecosystem functions and the services humanity can obtain from reefs. However, while interest is growing in the role of algal turf sediments, studies remain limited. In this review we provide an overview of our knowledge to-date concerning algal turf sediments on coral reefs. Specifically, we highlight what algal turf sediments are, their role in key ecosystem processes, the potential importance of algal turf sediments on Anthropocene reefs, and key knowledge gaps for future research. The evidence suggests that the management of algal turf sediments will be critically important if we are to sustain key functions and services on highly-altered, Anthropocene coral reef configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterling B Tebbett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - David R Bellwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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Petus C, Waterhouse J, Lewis S, Vacher M, Tracey D, Devlin M. A flood of information: Using Sentinel-3 water colour products to assure continuity in the monitoring of water quality trends in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 248:109255. [PMID: 31352278 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An operational method to assess trends in marine water composition and ecosystem health during flood periods has been developed for the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Queensland, Australia. This method integrates satellite water colour data with field water quality and ecosystem monitoring data and involves the classification of Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS satellite) pixels into six distinct water bodies using a "wet season" colour scale developed specifically for the GBR. Using this information, several monitoring and reporting products have been derived and are operationally implemented into a long-term water quality monitoring program for the GBR. However, MODIS sensors are aging and a long-term monitoring solution is needed. This study reviewed the water colour monitoring products currently used in the GBR. It tested the feasibility to transition these methods from historical MODIS satellite imagery to the new Sentinel-3 satellite of the European Space Agency and from the wet season colour scale to the historical Forel-Ule colour scale, using a freely-distributed Forel Ule (FU) Satellite Toolbox. Monitoring products derived from both satellites and colour scales showed very similar patterns across two case study regions of the GBR, the Wet Tropics and Burdekin marine regions, over the 2017-18 wet season. The results obtained in this study highlighted the potential of using FU Sentinel-3 imagery for the mapping of GBR marine water bodies, including flood conditions. Furthermore, the operational monitoring products and frameworks developed for the GBR are likely to provide valuable foundations for analysis of FU Sentinel-3 data in the future. Such satellite water colour datasets and frameworks will be instrumental to better understand the impact of floods and reduced water clarity on marine ecosystems, as well as to support water quality management and facilitate catchment management policy in the GBR and worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Petus
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TROPWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Jane Waterhouse
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TROPWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TROPWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Michael Vacher
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian E-Health Research Centre, Floreat 6014, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Dieter Tracey
- Catchment to Reef Research Group, TROPWATER, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Michelle Devlin
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK
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Strahl J, Rocker MM, Fabricius KE. Contrasting responses of the coral Acropora tenuis to moderate and strong light limitation in coastal waters. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 147:80-89. [PMID: 31010596 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Coastal water quality and light attenuation can detrimentally affect coral health. This study investigated the effects of light limitation and reduced water quality on the physiological performance of the coral Acropora tenuis. Branches of individual colonies were collected in 2 m water depth at six inshore reefs at increasing distances from major river sources in the Great Barrier Reef, along a strong water quality gradient in the Burdekin and a weak gradient in the Whitsunday region. Rates of net photosynthesis, dark respiration, and light and dark calcification were determined at daily light integrals (DLI) of moderate (13.86-16.38 mol photons m-2 d-1), low (7.92-9.36 mol photons m-2 d-1) and no light (0 mol photons m-2 d-1), in both the dry season (October 2013, June 2014) and the wet season (February 2014). Along the strong but not the weak water quality gradient, rates of net photosynthesis, dark respiration and light calcification increased towards the river mouth both in the dry and the wet seasons. Additionally, a ∼50% light reduction (from moderate to low light), as often found in shallow turbid waters in the Burdekin region, reduced rates of net photosynthesis and light calcification by up to 70% and 50%. The data show the acclimation potential in A. tenuis to river derived nutrients and sediments at moderate DLI (i.e., in very shallow water). However, prolonged and frequent periods of low DLI (i.e., in deeper water, especially after high river sediment discharges) will affect the corals' energy balance, and may represent a major factor limiting the depth distribution of these corals in turbid coastal reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Strahl
- Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg, Ammerländer Heerstraße 231, 23129, Oldenburg, Germany; Institute of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Carl von Ossietzky Str. 9-11, 26111, Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Melissa M Rocker
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB #3, Townsville MC, QLD, 4810, Australia
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Latitudinal and Cross-Shelf Patterns of Size, Age, Growth, and Mortality of a Tropical Damselfish Acanthochromis polyacanthus on the Great Barrier Reef. DIVERSITY-BASEL 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/d11050067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Patterns of age and growth of a sedentary damsel fish Acanthochromis polyacanthus were tested over a latitudinal range of approximately 10 degrees (1200 km) on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia. Within latitudes, these patterns were also compared on reefs in distance strata (inner, mid, and outer) across a continental shelf that ranged in width from 52 to 128 km. Although variation in length-max (SLMAX), growth, age-max (AMAX), and the von Bertalanffy metrics of Linf and K were found within and among latitudes, the greatest variation in some demographic characteristics was found among distance strata across the shelf regardless of latitude. Fish were always relatively smaller at inner shelf reefs and grew more slowly when compared to mid and outer shelf reefs; this was true regardless of the color morph of fish. The oldest fish collected was 11 years old, and there was no consistent variation in age-max among distances from shore. On outer reefs, there was a negative linear relationship with age-max and latitude. This “tropical gradient” of age only explained 34% of the variation; furthermore, this was not found when only the oldest group of fish was considered (top 10%). Fish only reached an age-max of six years on the southernmost reefs. There was a trend for a smaller Linf with latitude but it was not significant and Linf did not vary predictably with water temperature. The sampling of marine protected areas (MPAs) and fished zones did not confound the resultant patterns in that fish were not consistently larger or older in MPAs or fished zones. Instantaneous mortality rates were 0.245–0.685; they were highest at inner reefs and also showed no consistent MPA-related patterns. Our study suggested that the mid and outer shelf waters of the GBR appeared best suited for growth of A. polyacanthus. In conclusion, the position on continental shelves dominated other geographical patterns and needs to be considered in spatial models of growth. We suggest that local environmental conditions such as turbidity and the quality and quantity of plankton likely have a strong influence on distance across the shelf-based demographic patterns of planktivores.
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Latrille FX, Tebbett SB, Bellwood DR. Quantifying sediment dynamics on an inshore coral reef: Putting algal turfs in perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2019; 141:404-415. [PMID: 30955750 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2019.02.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Increased sediment loads within algal turfs, can be highly detrimental to coral reef systems. However, significant knowledge gaps remain in relation to sediment dynamics, especially linking suspended sediments, sedimentation and turf-bound sediments. To examine these links, a series of different methods for quantifying suspended sediments, sedimentation and the accumulation of turf sediments were compared, simultaneously, on an inner-shelf reef. We revealed that the amount and composition of sediment quantified using different methods varied markedly, with commonly employed measures of sedimentation failing to accurately reflect patterns of sediment accumulation in turfs. Our results highlighted the propensity for turfs to trap and retain sediments, with turfs accumulating approximately 2.6 times more sediment than traps, and 6 times more sediment than SedPods, over a seven-day period. This study highlights the major, but often overlooked, role that algal turfs can play in sediment dynamics on coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- François X Latrille
- College of Science and Engineering, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - Sterling B Tebbett
- College of Science and Engineering, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia
| | - David R Bellwood
- College of Science and Engineering, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, QLD, Australia.
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Tebbett SB, Goatley CHR, Bellwood DR. Algal turf sediments across the Great Barrier Reef: Putting coastal reefs in perspective. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 137:518-525. [PMID: 30503463 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Sediments trapped within algal turfs play a key role in mediating ecosystem processes on reefs. Despite this ecological importance, our understanding of turf-bound sediments on coastal reefs is limited, even though such reefs are heavily exposed to terrestrial sediments. We compared algal turf sediment loads, composition and grain size distributions among coastal reefs along the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) and compared these to turf-bound sediments on reefs across the GBR. Algal turf sediment loads on coastal reefs were on average 9.4 times higher than offshore reefs (range 2.2-16.1 times). Among coastal reefs there was marked variability in the loads (797.87-3681.78 g m-2), composition (organics 1.0-8.9%; silicates 27.4-93.0%) and grain size of sediments. Our data highlight the potential variability in physical and ecological factors that control sediment dynamics on coastal reefs, including proximity to rivers, and reveal that turfs on coastal reefs are heavily influenced by sediments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sterling B Tebbett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia.
| | - Christopher H R Goatley
- Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab and Palaeoscience Research Centre, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia
| | - David R Bellwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
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36
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Nguyen TH, Tang FHM, Maggi F. Micro food web networks on suspended sediment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 643:1387-1399. [PMID: 30189555 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.06.247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The genesis of suspended aggregates in aquatic ecosystems is not only a result of hydrodynamic mineral interactions but also a complex microbial food web network. A microbiological-physical model (BFLOC2) is introduced here to predict aggregate geometry and settling velocity under simultaneous effects of hydrodynamic and biological processes. While minerals can contribute to aggregate dynamics through collision, aggregation, and breakup, living microorganisms can colonize and establish food web interactions that involve growth and grazing, and modify the aggregate structure. The BFLOC2 model describes the aggregate dynamics resulting from interactions between minerals and three types of microorganisms, namely bacteria, flagellates, and ciliates. BFLOC2 was first calibrated against the size and capacity (fractal) dimension of aggregates formed in a pure mineral system at different mineral concentrations and fluid shear rates, and then against the abundance of aggregate-attached cells in a pure microbial environment. BFLOC2 model and calibrated parameters were then tested against biomineral aggregate size, capacity dimension, and biomass fraction formed in biomineral flocculation experiments at four nutrient concentrations. Modelling of biomineral aggregate dynamics over a wide range of environmental conditions showed that maximum aggregate size, biomass fraction, and settling velocity could occur at different optimal environmental conditions. Unlike mineral aggregates, which have maximum size when shear rate tends to zero, a relative maximum size of biomineral aggregates can be reached at intermediate shear rates as a result of microbiological processes. The settling velocity was ultimately controlled by aggregate size, capacity dimension, and biomass fraction. Microorganism dynamics including cell motility and food web network interactions significantly controlled aggregate-attached cell abundance and aggregate dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Ha Nguyen
- Laboratory for Advanced Environmental Engineering Research, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Bld. J05, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Fiona H M Tang
- Laboratory for Advanced Environmental Engineering Research, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Bld. J05, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Federico Maggi
- Laboratory for Advanced Environmental Engineering Research, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Bld. J05, 2006 Sydney, NSW, Australia
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37
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Bainbridge Z, Lewis S, Bartley R, Fabricius K, Collier C, Waterhouse J, Garzon-Garcia A, Robson B, Burton J, Wenger A, Brodie J. Fine sediment and particulate organic matter: A review and case study on ridge-to-reef transport, transformations, fates, and impacts on marine ecosystems. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:1205-1220. [PMID: 30301020 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies documenting the effects of land-derived suspended particulate matter (SPM, i.e., particulate organic matter and mineral sediment) on marine ecosystems are typically disconnected from terrestrial studies that determine their origin, transport and fate. This study reviews sources, transport, transformations, fate and effects of SPM along the 'ridge-to-reef' continuum. We show that some of the SPM can be transported over long distances and transformed into large and easily resuspendible organic-rich sediment flocs. These flocs may lead to prolonged reductions in water clarity, impacting upon coral reef, seagrass and fish communities. Using the Great Barrier Reef (NE Australia) as a case study, we identify the latest research tools to determine thresholds of SPM exposure, allowing for an improved appreciation of marine risk. These tools are used to determine ecologically-relevant end-of-basin load targets and reliable marine water quality guidelines, thereby enabling enhanced prioritisation and management of SPM export from ridge-to-reef.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bainbridge
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia.
| | - S Lewis
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - R Bartley
- CSIRO, Brisbane, Queensland 4068, Australia
| | - K Fabricius
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - C Collier
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - J Waterhouse
- TropWATER, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
| | - A Garzon-Garcia
- Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 5078, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - B Robson
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB 3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia
| | - J Burton
- Department of Environment and Science, GPO Box 5078, Brisbane 4001, Australia
| | - A Wenger
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - J Brodie
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville 4811, Australia
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Ricardo GF, Jones RJ, Clode PL, Humanes A, Giofre N, Negri AP. Sediment characteristics influence the fertilisation success of the corals Acropora tenuis and Acropora millepora. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 135:941-953. [PMID: 30301119 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Elevated suspended sediment concentrations (SSCs) often impact coral fertilisation success, but sediment composition can influence effect thresholds, which is problematic for accurately predicting risk. Here, we derived concentration-response thresholds and cause-effect pathways for SSCs comprising a range of realistic mineral and organic compositions on coral fertilisation success. Effect concentration thresholds (EC10: 10% fertilisation inhibition) varied markedly, with fertilisation highly sensitive to inshore organic-clay rich sediments and bentonite clay at <5 mg L-1. Mineral clays and organic matter within these sediments likely promoted flocculation of the coral sperm, which in turn reduced fertilisation. In contrast, sediments lacking these properties bound less sperm, leading to higher SSC thresholds for coral fertilisation (EC10 > 40 mg L-1). The effect thresholds for relevant sediment types were combined with in situ turbidity data from locations near dredging operations to assess the risks posed by dredging to coral fertilisation at these locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard F Ricardo
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ross J Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia
| | - Adriana Humanes
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, 4811 Townsville, Queensland, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Division of Research & Innovation, James Cook University, Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, Queensland 4811, Australia
| | - Natalie Giofre
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, 4810, Queensland, and Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth, 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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Garzon-Garcia A, Burton J, Franklin HM, Moody PW, De Hayr RW, Burford MA. Indicators of phytoplankton response to particulate nutrient bioavailability in fresh and marine waters of the Great Barrier Reef. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1416-1427. [PMID: 29913602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sediments delivered to freshwater and marine environments can make important contributions to the aquatic bioavailable nutrient pool. In the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) catchments, particulate nutrients comprise an important fraction of the end of catchment loads; however, their contribution to the bioavailable nutrient pool is not well understood. This research determined which particulate nutrient parameters are the best indicators of the potential effect of fine sediment (<10 μm) on phytoplankton growth. Surface and subsurface sediments were lab-generated to cover a wide spectrum of particulate nutrient bioavailability from key soil types, land uses and erosion processes (hillslope and gully) in a wet and a dry tropics catchment of the GBR. Phytoplankton bioassays were used to assess freshwater and marine phytoplankton responses to sediments. The best indicators were selected by regressing measurements of phytoplankton growth against nutrient bioavailability parameters measured on the sediments. The selected indicator equations included organic carbon (C) pools for both fresh and marine water, highlighting the role of bacteria in mediating nutrient availability for phytoplankton. The equations also included various fractions of particulate nitrogen (N) (differentiating the adsorbed ammonium-N from the particulate organic N), and the ratios of C to N, which indicate the lability of the organic matter present in the sediment. Dissolved reactive phosphorus was also an important indicator in freshwater. The indicators performed better in assessing bioavailability potential than traditional methods to monitor particulate nutrients, e.g., particulate N and particulate phosphorus. Phytoplankton bioassays indicated that nutrients in sediment can promote phytoplankton growth, with nutrient bioavailability depending not only on sediment load, but also sediment characteristics associated with its parent soil. These characteristics vary with soil type, land use and erosion process. Findings will help prioritize erosion control to catchment areas which are most likely to contribute large amounts of bioavailable particulate nutrients to the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Garzon-Garcia
- Landscape Sciences, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Joanne Burton
- Landscape Sciences, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia; Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Hannah M Franklin
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
| | - Philip W Moody
- Landscape Sciences, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Robert W De Hayr
- Landscape Sciences, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland, 4111, Australia
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40
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Franklin HM, Garzon-Garcia A, Burton J, Moody PW, De Hayr RW, Burford MA. A novel bioassay to assess phytoplankton responses to soil-derived particulate nutrients. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 636:1470-1479. [PMID: 29913607 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.04.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial particulate nutrients transported during flood events are known to indirectly fuel phytoplankton blooms in rivers, lakes and coastal waters, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. Quantifying the response of phytoplankton to nutrients in sediments eroded from catchments is fundamental to prioritizing areas for erosion control. This study developed a novel bioassay technique for rapidly assessing the effects of nutrients released from suspended sediments on the growth of marine and freshwater phytoplankton communities. A range of sediment slurries were placed in bioassay bottles within dialysis tubing in the presence of phytoplankton and their photosynthetic efficiency (Fv/Fm) was measured over 72 h. This allowed an assessment of the effects of dissolved nutrients released from sediments without the confounding effects of suspended sediments. Chlorophyll a concentrations were also measured for comparison with Fv/Fm. Our study showed Fv/Fm was an effective method for measuring phytoplankton responses to sediment slurries. Photosynthetic efficiency was a more sensitive response metric than chlorophyll a. Applying the method to a range of suspended sediments from two tropical catchments in Australia that drain into Great Barrier Reef coastal waters, we identified a subset of sediment types (~40%) that increased Fv/Fm under the bioassay conditions. These sediments have the potential to stimulate marine and freshwater phytoplankton growth under the loads simulated in this study. The bioassay has the advantage of being a rapid and relatively simple method where a large number of sediments can be simultaneously tested for a phytoplankton response. To our knowledge this is the first time Fv/Fm has been used to assess phytoplankton responses to sediments in a bioassay. This approach advances the use of Fv/Fm as a sensitive indicator of phytoplankton responses to nutrients and could be used to develop indices of the relative risk various sediments pose, hence support decision making for erosion control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Franklin
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia.
| | - Alexandra Garzon-Garcia
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Landscape Sciences, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Joanne Burton
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; Landscape Sciences, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Philip W Moody
- Landscape Sciences, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Robert W De Hayr
- Landscape Sciences, Department of Environment and Science, PO Box 5078, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Michele A Burford
- Australian Rivers Institute, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia; School of Environment and Sciences, Griffith University, 170 Kessels Road, Nathan, Queensland 4111, Australia
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41
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Colloidal nitrogen is an important and highly-mobile form of nitrogen discharging into the Great Barrier Reef lagoon. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12854. [PMID: 30150705 PMCID: PMC6110740 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31115-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-borne colloids have been linked to long-distance transport of radionuclides, metal(loid)s and nutrients. Colloid-associated nitrogen (N) will have different mechanisms of biogeochemical cycling and potential for water-borne transport over longer distances compared to dissolved N. The role that colloids play in the supply and mobility of N within catchments discharging into the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) lagoon is unexplored. Here, we examine water-dispersible clay (WDC) from soil samples collected from gullies and agricultural drains within three different land uses (sugarcane, non-agricultural land and grazing) within the Townsville area. The proportion of soil N associated with WDC was inversely correlated with total soil N, with up to 45% of the total soil N being colloid-associated in low N gully soils. Within the <0.45 µm fraction of the WDC, only 17–25% of the N was truly dissolved (<3 kDa) at the gully sites compared to 58% in the sugarcane sites. Our results demonstrate the importance of colloidal N and the inaccuracy of assuming N < 0.45 µm is dissolved in the sampled areas, as well as providing an alternate explanation for the large amounts of what has previously been defined as dissolved inorganic N in runoff from non-fertilized grazing land. In particular, they describe why non-fertilized land uses can contribute significant N < 0.45 µm, and why catchment models of nutrient export based on soil N concentrations can over-estimate loads of particulate nitrogen derived from monitoring data (N > 0.45 µm). The findings suggest that managing soil erosion may also contribute to managing N < 0.45 µm.
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42
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Hess S, Prescott LJ, Hoey AS, McMahon SA, Wenger AS, Rummer JL. Species-specific impacts of suspended sediments on gill structure and function in coral reef fishes. Proc Biol Sci 2018; 284:rspb.2017.1279. [PMID: 29093217 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced water quality, in particular increases in suspended sediments, has been linked to declines in fish abundance on coral reefs. Changes in gill structure induced by suspended sediments have been hypothesized to impair gill function and may provide a mechanistic basis for the observed declines; yet, evidence for this is lacking. We exposed juveniles of three reef fish species (Amphiprion melanopus, Amphiprion percula and Acanthochromis polyacanthus) to suspended sediments (0-180 mg l-1) for 7 days and examined changes in gill structure and metabolic performance (i.e. oxygen consumption). Exposure to suspended sediments led to shorter gill lamellae in A. melanopus and A. polyacanthus and reduced oxygen diffusion distances in all three species. While A. melanopus exhibited impaired oxygen uptake after suspended sediment exposure, i.e. decreased maximum and increased resting oxygen consumption rates resulting in decreased aerobic scope, the oxygen consumption rates of the other two species remained unaffected. These findings imply that species sensitive to changes in gill structure such as A. melanopus may decline in abundance as reefs become more turbid, whereas species that are able to maintain metabolic performance despite suspended sediment exposure, such as A. polyacanthus or A. percula, may be able to persist or gain a competitive advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sybille Hess
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia .,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Leteisha J Prescott
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew S Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Shannon A McMahon
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia.,College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
| | - Amelia S Wenger
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, 4072 Queensland, Australia
| | - Jodie L Rummer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, Townsville, 4811 Queensland, Australia
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43
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Petus C, Devlin M, Teixera da Silva E, Lewis S, Waterhouse J, Wenger A, Bainbridge Z, Tracey D. Defining wet season water quality target concentrations for ecosystem conservation using empirical light attenuation models: A case study in the Great Barrier Reef (Australia). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2018; 213:451-466. [PMID: 29510367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optically active water quality components (OAC) transported by flood plumes to nearshore marine environments affect light levels. The definition of minimum OAC concentrations that must be maintained to sustain sufficient light levels for conservation of light-dependant coastal ecosystems exposed to flood waters is necessary to guide management actions in adjacent catchments. In this study, a framework for defining OAC target concentrations using empirical light attenuation models is proposed and applied to the Wet Tropics region of the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) (Queensland, Australia). This framework comprises several steps: (i) light attenuation (Kd(PAR)) profiles and OAC measurements, including coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM), chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and suspended particulate matter (SPM) concentrations collected in flood waters; (ii) empirical light attenuation models used to define the contribution of CDOM, Chl-a and SPM to the light attenuation, and; (iii) translation of empirical models into manageable OAC target concentrations specific for wet season conditions. Results showed that (i) Kd(PAR) variability in the Wet Tropics flood waters is driven primarily by SPM and CDOM, with a lower contribution from Chl-a (r2 = 0.5, p < 0.01), (ii) the relative contributions of each OAC varies across the different water bodies existing along flood waters and strongest Kd(PAR) predictions were achieved when the in-situ data were clustered into water bodies with similar satellite-derived colour characteristics ('brownish flood waters', r2 = 0.8, p < 0.01, 'greenish flood waters', r2 = 0.5, p < 0.01), and (iii) that Kd(PAR) simulations are sensitive to the angular distribution of the light field in the clearest flood water bodies. Empirical models developed were used to translate regional light guidelines (established for the GBR) into manageable OAC target concentrations. Preliminary results suggested that a 90th percentile SPM concentration of 11.4 mg L-1 should be maintained during the wet season to sustain favourable light levels for Wet Tropics coral reefs and seagrass ecosystems exposed to 'brownish' flood waters. Additional data will be collected to validate the light attenuation models and the wet season target concentration which in future will be incorporated into wider catchment modelling efforts to improve coastal water quality in the Wet Tropics and the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Petus
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Michelle Devlin
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science, Lowestoft Laboratory, Lowestoft, Suffolk, UK
| | - Eduardo Teixera da Silva
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Stephen Lewis
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Jane Waterhouse
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Amelia Wenger
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; University of Queensland, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Zoe Bainbridge
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Dieter Tracey
- Centre for Tropical Water and Aquatic Ecosystem Research, Catchment to Reef Research Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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44
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Ricardo GF, Jones RJ, Nordborg M, Negri AP. Settlement patterns of the coral Acropora millepora on sediment-laden surfaces. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 609:277-288. [PMID: 28750231 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.07.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Successful recruitment in corals is important for the sustenance of coral reefs, and is considered a demographic bottleneck in the recovery of reef populations following disturbance events. Yet several factors influence larval settlement behaviour, and here we quantified thresholds associated with light attenuation and accumulated sediments on settlement substrates. Sediments deposited on calcareous red algae (CRA) directly and indirectly impacted coral settlement patterns. Although not avoiding direct contact, Acropora millepora larvae were very reluctant to settle on surfaces layered with sediments, progressively shifting their settlement preference from upward to downward facing (sediment-free) surfaces under increasing levels of deposited sediment. When only upward-facing surfaces were presented, 10% of settlement was inhibited at thresholds from 0.9 to 16mgcm-2 (EC10), regardless of sediment type (carbonate and siliciclastic) or particle size (fine and coarse silt). These levels equate to a very thin (<150μm) veneer of sediment that occurs within background levels on reefs. Grooves within settlement surfaces slightly improved options for settlement on sediment-coated surfaces (EC10: 29mgcm-2), but were quickly infilled at higher deposited sediment levels. CRA that was temporarily smothered by sediment for 6d became bleached (53% surface area), and inhibited settlement at ~7mgcm-2 (EC10). A minor decrease in settlement was observed at high and very low light intensities when using suboptimal concentrations of a settlement inducer (CRA extract); however, no inhibition was observed when natural CRA surfaces along with more realistic diel-light patterns were applied. The low deposited sediment thresholds indicate that even a thin veneer of sediment can have consequences for larval settlement due to a reduction of optimal substrate. And while grooves and overhangs provide more settlement options in high deposition areas, recruits settling at these locations may be subject to ongoing stress from shading, competition, and sediment infilling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard F Ricardo
- Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, and UWA Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia 6009, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Ross J Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Mikaela Nordborg
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville 4810, Queensland, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Perth 6009, Western Australia, Australia
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45
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Duckworth A, Giofre N, Jones R. Coral morphology and sedimentation. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 125:289-300. [PMID: 28863974 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The sediment rejection ability of 8 coral species of 5 families and 3 morphologies were assessed in a series of short term exposure tests over a sedimentation range of 0.5-40mgcm-2d-1 and one longer term exposure test of 235mgcm-2. Sediment accumulation rates on live corals and dead (enamel-covered) skeletons varied between morphologies, with branching species often more adept at self-cleaning. Flow rates (0-17cms-1) significantly affected sediment-shedding ability as did differences in particle sizes, with coarse silt rejected faster than fine silt, but only at very high (235mgcm-2) deposition rates. Siliciclastic sediment was rejected faster than carbonate sediments and smothering for many days by mms of low organic content carbonate sediment resulted in bleaching, but no mortality. The findings are discussed with respect to turbidity generated in natural and dredging-related resuspension events and in the context for impact prediction for dredging projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Duckworth
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Perth, WA, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Natalie Giofre
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Perth, WA, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
| | - Ross Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Townsville, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Marine Science (AIMS), Perth, WA, Australia; Western Australian Marine Science Institution, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.
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46
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Strehlow BW, Pineda MC, Duckworth A, Kendrick GA, Renton M, Abdul Wahab MA, Webster NS, Clode PL. Sediment tolerance mechanisms identified in sponges using advanced imaging techniques. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3904. [PMID: 29158962 PMCID: PMC5694653 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Terrestrial runoff, resuspension events and dredging can affect filter-feeding sponges by elevating the concentration of suspended sediments, reducing light intensity, and smothering sponges with sediments. To investigate how sponges respond to pressures associated with increased sediment loads, the abundant and widely distributed Indo-Pacific species Ianthella basta was exposed to elevated suspended sediment concentrations, sediment deposition, and light attenuation for 48 h (acute exposure) and 4 weeks (chronic exposure). In order to visualise the response mechanisms, sponge tissue was examined by 3D X-ray microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Acute exposures resulted in sediment rapidly accumulating in the aquiferous system of I. basta, although this sediment was fully removed within three days. Sediment removal took longer (>2 weeks) following chronic exposures, and I. basta also exhibited tissue regression and a smaller aquiferous system. The application of advanced imaging approaches revealed that I. basta employs a multilevel system for sediment rejection and elimination, containing both active and passive components. Sponges responded to sediment stress through (i) mucus production, (ii) exclusion of particles by incurrent pores, (iii) closure of oscula and pumping cessation, (iv) expulsion of particles from the aquiferous system, and (v) tissue regression to reduce the volume of the aquiferous system, thereby entering a dormant state. These mechanisms would result in tolerance and resilience to exposure to variable and high sediment loads associated with both anthropogenic impacts like dredging programs and natural pressures like flood events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Strehlow
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Ferguson, QLD, Australia.,Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Mari-Carmen Pineda
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Ferguson, QLD, Australia.,Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Alan Duckworth
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Ferguson, QLD, Australia.,Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Gary A Kendrick
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Renton
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,School of Agriculture and Environment, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Muhammad Azmi Abdul Wahab
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Ferguson, QLD, Australia.,Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Nicole S Webster
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Cape Ferguson, QLD, Australia.,Western Australian Marine Science Institution, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Australian Centre for Ecogenomics, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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47
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Bessell-Browne P, Negri AP, Fisher R, Clode PL, Jones R. Impacts of light limitation on corals and crustose coralline algae. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11553. [PMID: 28912462 PMCID: PMC5599546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Turbidity associated with elevated suspended sediment concentrations can significantly reduce underwater light availability. Understanding the consequences for sensitive organisms such as corals and crustose coralline algae (CCA), requires an understanding of tolerance levels and the time course of effects. Adult colonies of Acropora millepora and Pocillopora acuta, juvenile P. acuta, and the CCA Porolithon onkodes were exposed to six light treatments of ~0, 0.02, 0.1, 0.4, 1.1 and 4.3 mol photons m-2 d-1, and their physiological responses were monitored over 30 d. Exposure to very low light (<0.1 mol photons m-2 d-1) caused tissue discoloration (bleaching) in the corals, and discolouration (and partial mortality) of the CCA, yielding 30 d EI10 thresholds (irradiance which results in a 10% change in colour) of 1.2-1.9 mol photons m-2 d-1. Recent monitoring studies during dredging campaigns on a shallow tropical reef, have shown that underwater light levels very close (~500 m away) from a working dredge routinely fall below this value over 30 d periods, but rarely during the pre-dredging baseline phase. Light reduction alone, therefore, constitutes a clear risk to coral reefs from dredging, although at such close proximity other cause-effect pathways, such as sediment deposition and smothering, are likely to also co-occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pia Bessell-Browne
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, and Perth, WA, Australia.
- The Oceans Institute and The Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI), Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Andrew P Negri
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, and Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Rebecca Fisher
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, and Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI), Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Peta L Clode
- The Oceans Institute and The Centre for Microscopy, Characterisation and Analysis, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ross Jones
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Townsville, QLD, and Perth, WA, Australia
- Western Australian Marine Science Institution (WAMSI), Perth, WA, Australia
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48
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Spatial and Seasonal Variation of Biomineral Suspended Particulate Matter Properties in High-Turbid Nearshore and Low-Turbid Offshore Zones. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9090694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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49
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Rocker MM, Francis DS, Fabricius KE, Willis BL, Bay LK. Variation in the health and biochemical condition of the coral Acropora tenuis along two water quality gradients on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 119:106-119. [PMID: 28460877 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Revised: 03/19/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This study explores how plasticity in biochemical attributes, used as indicators of health and condition, enables the coral Acropora tenuis to respond to differing water quality regimes in inshore regions of the Great Barrier Reef. Health attributes were monitored along a strong and weak water quality gradient, each with three reefs at increasing distances from a major river source. Attributes differed significantly only along the strong gradient; corals grew fastest, had the least dense skeletons, highest symbiont densities and highest lipid concentrations closest to the river mouth, where water quality was poorest. High nutrient and particulate loads were only detrimental to skeletal density, which decreased as linear extension increased, highlighting a trade-off. Our study underscores the importance of assessing multiple health attributes in coral reef monitoring. For example, autotrophic indices are poor indicators of coral health and condition, but improve when combined with attributes like lipid content and biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa M Rocker
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB #3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia; AIMS@JCU, Australian Institute of Marine Science, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Deakin University, Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Waurn Ponds Campus, Pigdons Rd, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, Australia.
| | - David S Francis
- Deakin University, Geelong, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Warrnambool Campus, Princes Hwy, Sherwood Park, PO Box 423, Warrnambool, VIC 3280, Australia
| | | | - Bette L Willis
- College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Line K Bay
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, PMB #3, Townsville MC, QLD 4810, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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50
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Seasonal Variation in Flocculation Potential of River Water: Roles of the Organic Matter Pool. WATER 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/w9050335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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