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Carve M, Manning T, Mouradov A, Shimeta J. eDNA metabarcoding reveals biodiversity and depth stratification patterns of dinoflagellate assemblages within the epipelagic zone of the western Coral Sea. BMC Ecol Evol 2024; 24:38. [PMID: 38528460 DOI: 10.1186/s12862-024-02220-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dinoflagellates play critical roles in the functioning of marine ecosystems but also may pose a hazard to human and ecosystem health by causing harmful algal blooms (HABs). The Coral Sea is a biodiversity hotspot, but its dinoflagellate assemblages in pelagic waters have not been studied by modern sequencing methods. We used metabarcoding of the 18 S rRNA V4 amplicon to assess the diversity and structure of dinoflagellate assemblages throughout the water column to a depth of 150 m at three stations in the Western Coral Sea. Additionally, at one station we compared metabarcoding with morphological methods to optimise identification and detection of dinoflagellates. RESULTS Stratification of dinoflagellate assemblages was evident in depth-specific relative abundances of taxonomic groups; the greatest difference was between the 5-30 m assemblages and the 130-150 m assemblages. The relative abundance of Dinophyceae (photosynthetic and heterotrophic) decreased with increasing depth, whereas that of Syndiniales (parasitic) increased with increasing depth. The composition of major taxonomic groups was similar among stations. Taxonomic richness and diversity of amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) were similar among depths and stations; however, the abundance of dominant taxa was highest within 0-30 m, and the abundance of rare taxa was highest within 130-150 m, indicating adaptations to specific depth strata. The number of unclassified ASVs at the family and species levels was very high, particularly for Syndinian representatives. CONCLUSIONS Dinoflagellate assemblages in open water of the Coral Sea are highly diverse and taxonomically stratified by depth; patterns of relative abundance along the depth gradient reflect environmental factors and ecological processes. Metabarcoding detects more species richness than does traditional microscopical methods of sample analysis, yet the methods are complementary, with morphological analysis revealing additional richness. The large number of unclassified dinoflagellate-ASVs indicates a need for improved taxonomic reference databases and suggests presence of dinoflagellate-crypto and-morphospecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan Carve
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Tahnee Manning
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aidyn Mouradov
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jeff Shimeta
- School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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Holmes MJ, Lewis RJ. Model of the Origin of a Ciguatoxic Grouper ( Plectropomus leopardus). Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15030230. [PMID: 36977121 PMCID: PMC10055633 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15030230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Published data were used to model the transfer of ciguatoxins (CTX) across three trophic levels of a marine food chain on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), Australia, to produce a mildly toxic common coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus), one of the most targeted food fishes on the GBR. Our model generated a 1.6 kg grouper with a flesh concentration of 0.1 µg/kg of Pacific-ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1 = CTX1B) from 1.1 to 4.3 µg of P-CTX-1 equivalents (eq.) entering the food chain from 0.7 to 2.7 million benthic dinoflagellates (Gambierdiscus sp.) producing 1.6 pg/cell of the P-CTX-1 precursor, P-CTX-4B (CTX4B). We simulated the food chain transfer of ciguatoxins via surgeonfishes by modelling Ctenochaetus striatus feeding on turf algae. A C. striatus feeding on ≥1000 Gambierdiscus/cm2 of turf algae accumulates sufficient toxin in <2 days that when preyed on, produces a 1.6 kg common coral trout with a flesh concentration of 0.1 µg/kg P-CTX-1. Our model shows that even transient blooms of highly ciguatoxic Gambierdiscus can generate ciguateric fishes. In contrast, sparse cell densities of ≤10 Gambierdiscus/cm2 are unlikely to pose a significant risk, at least in areas where the P-CTX-1 family of ciguatoxins predominate. The ciguatera risk from intermediate Gambierdiscus densities (~100 cells/cm2) is more difficult to assess, as it requires feeding times for surgeonfish (~4-14 days) that overlap with turnover rates of turf algae that are grazed by herbivorous fishes, at least in regions such as the GBR, where stocks of herbivorous fishes are not impacted by fishing. We use our model to explore how the duration of ciguatoxic Gambierdiscus blooms, the type of ciguatoxins they produce, and fish feeding behaviours can produce differences in relative toxicities between trophic levels. Our simple model indicates thresholds for the design of risk and mitigation strategies for ciguatera and the variables that can be manipulated to explore alternate scenarios for the accumulation and transfer of P-CTX-1 analogues through marine food chains and, potentially, for other ciguatoxins in other regions, as more data become available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Holmes
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
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Holmes MJ, Lewis RJ. Origin of Ciguateric Fish: Quantitative Modelling of the Flow of Ciguatoxin through a Marine Food Chain. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14080534. [PMID: 36006196 PMCID: PMC9414493 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14080534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
To begin to understand the impact of food chain dynamics on ciguatera risk, we used published data to model the transfer of ciguatoxins across four trophic levels of a marine food chain in Platypus Bay, Australia. The data to support this first attempt to conceptualize the scale of each trophic transfer step was limited, resulting in broad estimates. The hypothetical scenario we explored generated a low-toxicity 10 kg Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) with a flesh concentration of 0.1 µg/kg of Pacific-ciguatoxin-1 (P-CTX-1, also known as CTX1B) from 19.5–78.1 µg of P-CTX-1 equivalents (eq.) that enter the marine food chain from a population of 12–49 million benthic dinoflagellates (Gambierdiscus sp.) producing 1.6 × 10−12 g/cell of the P-CTX-1 precursor, P-CTX-4B. This number of Gambierdiscus could be epiphytic on 22–88 kg of the benthic macroalgae (Cladophora) that carpets the bottom of much of Platypus Bay, with the toxin transferred to an estimated 40,000–160,000 alpheid shrimps in the second trophic level. This large number of shrimps appears unrealistic, but toxic shrimps would likely be consumed by a school of small, blotched javelin fish (Pomadasys maculatus) at the third trophic level, reducing the number of shrimps consumed by each fish. The Spanish mackerel would accumulate a flesh concentration of 0.1 µg/kg P-CTX-1 eq. by preying upon the school of blotched javelin and consuming 3.6–14.4 µg of P-CTX-1 eq. However, published data indicate this burden of toxin could be accumulated by a 10 kg Spanish mackerel from as few as one to three blotched javelin fish, suggesting that much greater amounts of toxin than modelled here must at certain times be produced and transferred through Platypus Bay food chains. This modelling highlights the need for better quantitative estimates of ciguatoxin production, biotransformation, and depuration through marine food chains to improve our understanding and management of ciguatera risk.
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Holmes MJ, Venables B, Lewis RJ. Critical Review and Conceptual and Quantitative Models for the Transfer and Depuration of Ciguatoxins in Fishes. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080515. [PMID: 34437386 PMCID: PMC8402393 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
We review and develop conceptual models for the bio-transfer of ciguatoxins in food chains for Platypus Bay and the Great Barrier Reef on the east coast of Australia. Platypus Bay is unique in repeatedly producing ciguateric fishes in Australia, with ciguatoxins produced by benthic dinoflagellates (Gambierdiscus spp.) growing epiphytically on free-living, benthic macroalgae. The Gambierdiscus are consumed by invertebrates living within the macroalgae, which are preyed upon by small carnivorous fishes, which are then preyed upon by Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson). We hypothesise that Gambierdiscus and/or Fukuyoa species growing on turf algae are the main source of ciguatoxins entering marine food chains to cause ciguatera on the Great Barrier Reef. The abundance of surgeonfish that feed on turf algae may act as a feedback mechanism controlling the flow of ciguatoxins through this marine food chain. If this hypothesis is broadly applicable, then a reduction in herbivory from overharvesting of herbivores could lead to increases in ciguatera by concentrating ciguatoxins through the remaining, smaller population of herbivores. Modelling the dilution of ciguatoxins by somatic growth in Spanish mackerel and coral trout (Plectropomus leopardus) revealed that growth could not significantly reduce the toxicity of fish flesh, except in young fast-growing fishes or legal-sized fishes contaminated with low levels of ciguatoxins. If Spanish mackerel along the east coast of Australia can depurate ciguatoxins, it is most likely with a half-life of ≤1-year. Our review and conceptual models can aid management and research of ciguatera in Australia, and globally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Holmes
- Queensland Department of Environment and Science, Brisbane 4102, Australia;
| | | | - Richard J. Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Song Y, Qi J, Deng L, Bai Y, Liu H, Qu J. Selection of water source for water transfer based on algal growth potential to prevent algal blooms. J Environ Sci (China) 2021; 103:246-254. [PMID: 33743906 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Water transfer is becoming a popular method for solving the problems of water quality deterioration and water level drawdown in lakes. However, the principle of choosing water sources for water transfer projects has mainly been based on the effects on water quality, which neglects the influence in the variation of phytoplankton community and the risk of algal blooms. In this study, algal growth potential (AGP) test was applied to predict changes in the phytoplankton community caused by water transfer projects. The feasibility of proposed water transfer sources (Baqing River and Jinsha River) was assessed through the changes in both water quality and phytoplankton community in Chenghai Lake, Southwest China. The results showed that the concentration of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) in Chenghai Lake could be decreased to 0.52 mg/L and 0.02 mg/L respectively with the simulated water transfer source of Jinsha River. The algal cell density could be reduced by 60%, and the phytoplankton community would become relatively stable with the Jinsha River water transfer project, and the dominant species of Anabaena cylindrica evolved into Anabaenopsis arnoldii due to the species competition. However, the risk of algal blooms would be increased after the Baqing River water transfer project even with the improved water quality. Algae gained faster proliferation with the same dominant species in water transfer source. Therefore, water transfer projects should be assessed from not only the variation of water quality but also the risk of algal blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Song
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Jing Qi
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Le Deng
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yaohui Bai
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Huijuan Liu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Loeffler CR, Tartaglione L, Friedemann M, Spielmeyer A, Kappenstein O, Bodi D. Ciguatera Mini Review: 21st Century Environmental Challenges and the Interdisciplinary Research Efforts Rising to Meet Them. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3027. [PMID: 33804281 PMCID: PMC7999458 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Globally, the livelihoods of over a billion people are affected by changes to marine ecosystems, both structurally and systematically. Resources and ecosystem services, provided by the marine environment, contribute nutrition, income, and health benefits for communities. One threat to these securities is ciguatera poisoning; worldwide, the most commonly reported non-bacterial seafood-related illness. Ciguatera is caused by the consumption of (primarily) finfish contaminated with ciguatoxins, potent neurotoxins produced by benthic single-cell microalgae. When consumed, ciguatoxins are biotransformed and can bioaccumulate throughout the food-web via complex pathways. Ciguatera-derived food insecurity is particularly extreme for small island-nations, where fear of intoxication can lead to fishing restrictions by region, species, or size. Exacerbating these complexities are anthropogenic or natural changes occurring in global marine habitats, e.g., climate change, greenhouse-gas induced physical oceanic changes, overfishing, invasive species, and even the international seafood trade. Here we provide an overview of the challenges and opportunities of the 21st century regarding the many facets of ciguatera, including the complex nature of this illness, the biological/environmental factors affecting the causative organisms, their toxins, vectors, detection methods, human-health oriented responses, and ultimately an outlook towards the future. Ciguatera research efforts face many social and environmental challenges this century. However, several future-oriented goals are within reach, including digital solutions for seafood supply chains, identifying novel compounds and methods with the potential for advanced diagnostics, treatments, and prediction capabilities. The advances described herein provide confidence that the tools are now available to answer many of the remaining questions surrounding ciguatera and therefore protection measures can become more accurate and routine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R. Loeffler
- National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.); (O.K.); (D.B.)
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Luciana Tartaglione
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- CoNISMa—National Inter-University Consortium for Marine Sciences, Piazzale Flaminio 9, 00196 Rome, Italy
| | - Miriam Friedemann
- Department Exposure, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany;
| | - Astrid Spielmeyer
- National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.); (O.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Oliver Kappenstein
- National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.); (O.K.); (D.B.)
| | - Dorina Bodi
- National Reference Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Department Safety in the Food Chain, German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Max-Dohrn-Str. 8-10, 10589 Berlin, Germany; (A.S.); (O.K.); (D.B.)
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Longo S, Sibat M, Darius HT, Hess P, Chinain M. Effects of pH and Nutrients (Nitrogen) on Growth and Toxin Profile of the Ciguatera-Causing Dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus polynesiensis (Dinophyceae). Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E767. [PMID: 33291542 PMCID: PMC7761829 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning is a foodborne disease caused by the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs) produced by dinoflagellates in the genera Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa. Ciguatera outbreaks are expected to increase worldwide with global change, in particular as a function of its main drivers, including changes in sea surface temperature, acidification, and coastal eutrophication. In French Polynesia, G. polynesiensis is regarded as the dominant source of CTXs entering the food web. The effects of pH (8.4, 8.2, and 7.9), Nitrogen:Phosphorus ratios (24N:1P vs. 48N:1P), and nitrogen source (nitrates vs. urea) on growth rate, biomass, CTX levels, and profiles were examined in four clones of G. polynesiensis at different culture age (D10, D21, and D30). Results highlight a decrease in growth rate and cellular biomass at low pH when urea is used as a N source. No significant effect of pH, N:P ratio, and N source on the overall CTX content was observed. Up to ten distinct analogs of Pacific ciguatoxins (P-CTXs) could be detected by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in clone NHA4 grown in urea, at D21. Amounts of more oxidized P-CTX analogs also increased under the lowest pH condition. These data provide interesting leads for the custom production of CTX standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Longo
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé-UMR241 EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Manoëlla Sibat
- Phycotoxins Laboratory, IFREMER, Rue de I’lle d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Hélène Taiana Darius
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé-UMR241 EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
| | - Philipp Hess
- Phycotoxins Laboratory, IFREMER, Rue de I’lle d’Yeu, 44311 Nantes, France; (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Mireille Chinain
- Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins, Institut Louis Malardé-UMR241 EIO (IFREMER, ILM, IRD, UPF), 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (H.T.D.); (M.C.)
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Chinain M, Gatti CMI, Ung A, Cruchet P, Revel T, Viallon J, Sibat M, Varney P, Laurent V, Hess P, Darius HT. Evidence for the Range Expansion of Ciguatera in French Polynesia: A Revisit of the 2009 Mass-Poisoning Outbreak in Rapa Island (Australes Archipelago). Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E759. [PMID: 33271904 PMCID: PMC7759781 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning (CP) results from the consumption of seafood contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTXs). This disease is highly prevalent in French Polynesia with several well-identified hotspots. Rapa Island, the southernmost inhabited island in the country, was reportedly free of CP until 2007. This study describes the integrated approach used to investigate the etiology of a fatal mass-poisoning outbreak that occurred in Rapa in 2009. Symptoms reported in patients were evocative of ciguatera. Several Gambierdiscus field samples collected from benthic assemblages tested positive by the receptor binding assay (RBA). Additionally, the toxicity screening of ≈250 fish by RBA indicated ≈78% of fish could contain CTXs. The presence of CTXs in fish was confirmed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The potential link between climate change and this range expansion of ciguatera to a subtropical locale of French Polynesia was also examined based on the analysis of temperature time-series data. Results are indicative of a global warming trend in Rapa area. A five-fold reduction in incidence rates was observed between 2009 and 2012, which was due in part to self-regulating behavior among individuals (avoidance of particular fish species and areas). Such observations underscore the prominent role played by community outreach in ciguatera risk management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireille Chinain
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins—UMR EIO (IFREMER-ILM-IRD-UPF), P.O. Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (C.M.i.G.); (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (H.T.D.)
| | - Clémence Mahana iti Gatti
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins—UMR EIO (IFREMER-ILM-IRD-UPF), P.O. Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (C.M.i.G.); (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (H.T.D.)
| | - André Ung
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins—UMR EIO (IFREMER-ILM-IRD-UPF), P.O. Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (C.M.i.G.); (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (H.T.D.)
| | - Philippe Cruchet
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins—UMR EIO (IFREMER-ILM-IRD-UPF), P.O. Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (C.M.i.G.); (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (H.T.D.)
| | - Taina Revel
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins—UMR EIO (IFREMER-ILM-IRD-UPF), P.O. Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (C.M.i.G.); (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (H.T.D.)
| | - Jérôme Viallon
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins—UMR EIO (IFREMER-ILM-IRD-UPF), P.O. Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (C.M.i.G.); (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (H.T.D.)
| | - Manoëlla Sibat
- Institut Français de Recherche Pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, 44311 Nantes, France; (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Patrick Varney
- Météo France, Direction Inter-Régionale en Polynésie Française, P.O. Box 6005, 98702 Faa’a, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (P.V.); (V.L.)
| | - Victoire Laurent
- Météo France, Direction Inter-Régionale en Polynésie Française, P.O. Box 6005, 98702 Faa’a, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (P.V.); (V.L.)
| | - Philipp Hess
- Institut Français de Recherche Pour l’Exploitation de la Mer, Phycotoxins Laboratory, 44311 Nantes, France; (M.S.); (P.H.)
| | - Hélène Taiana Darius
- Institut Louis Malardé, Laboratory of Marine Biotoxins—UMR EIO (IFREMER-ILM-IRD-UPF), P.O. Box 30, 98713 Papeete, Tahiti, French Polynesia; (C.M.i.G.); (A.U.); (P.C.); (T.R.); (J.V.); (H.T.D.)
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Tudó À, Toldrà A, Rey M, Todolí I, Andree KB, Fernández-Tejedor M, Campàs M, Sureda FX, Diogène J. Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa as potential indicators of ciguatera risk in the Balearic Islands. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 99:101913. [PMID: 33218439 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa are genera of toxic dinoflagellates which were mainly considered as endemic to marine intertropical areas, and that are well known as producers of ciguatoxins (CTXs) and maitotoxins (MTXs). Ciguatera poisoning (CP) is a human poisoning occurring after the consumption of fish or more rarely, shellfish containing CTXs. The presence of these microalgae in a coastal area is an indication of potential risk of CP. This study assesses the risk of CP in the Balearic Islands (Western Mediterranean Sea) according to the distribution of both microalgae genera, and the presence of CTX-like and MTX-like toxicity in microalgal cultures as determined by neuro-2a cell based-assay (neuro-2a CBA). Genetic identification of forty-three cultured microalgal strains isolated from 2016 to 2019 revealed that all of them belong to the species G. australes and F. paulensis. Both species were widely distributed in Formentera, Majorca and Minorca. Additionally, all strains of G. australes and two of F. paulensis exhibited signals of CTX-like toxicity ranging respectively between 1 and 380 and 8-16 fg CTX1B equivalents (equiv.) • cell-1. Four extracts of F. paulensis exhibited a novel toxicity response in neuro-2a cells consisting of the recovery of the cell viability in the presence of ouabain and veratridine. In addition, G. australes showed MTX-like toxicity while F. paulensis strains did not. Overall, the low CTX-like toxicities detected indicate that the potential risk of CP in the Balearic Islands is low, although, the presence of CTX-like and MTX-like toxicity in those strains reveal the necessity to monitor these genera in the Mediterranean Sea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngels Tudó
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain; Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/St. Llorenç 21, E-43201, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Anna Toldrà
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Rey
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Irene Todolí
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Karl B Andree
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | | | - Mònica Campàs
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francesc X Sureda
- Pharmacology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/St. Llorenç 21, E-43201, Reus (Tarragona), Spain
| | - Jorge Diogène
- IRTA, Ctra. Poble Nou Km 5.5, 43540, Sant Carles de la Ràpita, Tarragona, Spain.
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10
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Accoroni S, Totti C, Romagnoli T, Giulietti S, Glibert PM. Distribution and potential toxicity of benthic harmful dinoflagellates in waters of Florida Bay and the Florida Keys. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2020; 155:104891. [PMID: 32072980 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2020.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have been carried out on benthic dinoflagellates along the Florida Keys, and little is known about their distribution or toxicity in Florida Bay. Here, the distribution and abundance of benthic dinoflagellates was explored in northern and eastern Florida Bay and along the bay and ocean sides of the Florida Keys. Isolates were brought into culture and their toxicity was tested with oyster larvae bioassays. Seven genera were detected, including Prorocentrum, Coolia, Ostreopsis, Amphidinium, Gambierdiscus, Fukuyoa (all included potentially toxic species) and Sinophysis. In general, distribution increased with water temperature and nutrient availability, especially that of phosphate. This study documented the first record of Coolia santacroce in the Florida Keys. Potential toxic effects of Gambierdiscus caribaeus, the abundance of which exceeded 1000 cells g-1 fw at some sites, were established using oyster larvae as a bioassay organism. These findings suggest a potential risk of ciguatera fish poisoning in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Accoroni
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Cecilia Totti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare, CoNISMa, ULR Ancona, Ancona, Italy
| | - Tiziana Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Sonia Giulietti
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e dell'Ambiente, Università Politecnica delle Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131, Ancona, Italy
| | - Patricia M Glibert
- University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD, 21613, USA
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11
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Díaz-Asencio L, Vandersea M, Chomérat N, Fraga S, Clausing RJ, Litaker RW, Chamero-Lago D, Gómez-Batista M, Moreira-González A, Tester P, Alonso-Hernández C, Dechraoui Bottein MY. Morphology, toxicity and molecular characterization of Gambierdiscus spp. towards risk assessment of ciguatera in south central Cuba. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 86:119-127. [PMID: 31358271 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2019.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ciguatera poisoning is caused by the consumption of reef fish or shellfish that have accumulated ciguatoxins, neurotoxins produced by benthic dinoflagellates of the genera Gambierdiscus or Fukuyoa. Although ciguatera constitutes the primary cause of seafood intoxication in Cuba, very little information is available on the occurrence of ciguatoxins in the marine food web and the causative benthic dinoflagellate species. This study conducted on the south-central coast of Cuba reports the occurrence of Gambierdiscus and Fukuyoa genera and the associated benthic genera Ostreopsis and Prorocentrum. Gambierdiscus/Fukuyoa cells were present at low to moderate abundances depending on the site and month of sampling. This genus was notably higher on Dictyotaceae than on other macrophytes. PCR analysis of field-collected samples revealed the presence of six different Gambierdiscus and one Fukuyoa species, including G. caribaeus, G. carolinianus, G. carpenteri, G. belizeanus, F. ruetzleri, G. silvae, and Gambierdiscus sp. ribotype 2. Only Gambierdiscus excentricus was absent from the eight Gambierdiscus/Fukuyoa species known in the wider Caribbean region. Eleven clonal cultures were established and confirmed by PCR and SEM as being either G. carolinianus or G. caribaeus. Toxin production in each isolate was assessed by a radioligand receptor binding assay and found to be below the assay quantification limit. These novel findings augment the knowledge of the ciguatoxin-source dinoflagellates that are present in Cuba, however further studies are needed to better understand the correlation between their abundance, species-specific toxin production in the environment, and the risk for fish contamination, in order to develop better informed ciguatera risk management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisbet Díaz-Asencio
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Carretera a Castillo de Jagua Km 1 ½ Ciudad Nuclear AP, 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | - Mark Vandersea
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Nicolas Chomérat
- Ifremer, Laboratory of Environment and Resources Western Britanny, Coastal Research Unit, Place de la Croix, B.P. 40537, 29185, Concarneau Cedex, France
| | - Santiago Fraga
- Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Subida a Radio Faro 50, 36390, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rachel J Clausing
- Environment Laboratories, Department of Nuclear Science and Application, International Atomic Energy Agency, 98000, Monaco
| | - R Wayne Litaker
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Donaida Chamero-Lago
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Carretera a Castillo de Jagua Km 1 ½ Ciudad Nuclear AP, 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | - Miguel Gómez-Batista
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Carretera a Castillo de Jagua Km 1 ½ Ciudad Nuclear AP, 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | - Angel Moreira-González
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Carretera a Castillo de Jagua Km 1 ½ Ciudad Nuclear AP, 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba
| | - Patricia Tester
- Ocean Tester, LLC, 295 Dills Point Road, Beaufort, NC, 28516, USA
| | - Carlos Alonso-Hernández
- Centro de Estudios Ambientales de Cienfuegos (CEAC), Carretera a Castillo de Jagua Km 1 ½ Ciudad Nuclear AP, 59350, Cienfuegos, Cuba
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12
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Boisnoir A, Pascal PY, Cordonnier S, Lemée R. Spatio-temporal dynamics and biotic substrate preferences of benthic dinoflagellates in the Lesser Antilles, Caribbean sea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2019; 81:18-29. [PMID: 30638495 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Epibenthic dinoflagellates were monitored monthly over an 18 month period in Guadeloupe and Martinique (Lesser Antilles, Caribbean Sea). These islands are located in the second most affected ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) region of the world. Guadeloupe presented five times more total epibenthic dinoflagellates and two times less abundant Gambierdiscus spp. compared to Martinique, although the area of frequent CFP outbreaks covers Guadeloupe and not Martinique. Results did not show any clear seasonal variations of benthic dinoflagellates abundances. Temperature and salinity were not driving parameters in the evolution of total benthic dinoflagellate abundances. Preferential associations were found between macrophyte species and epibenthic dinoflagellates. The Phaeophyceae Dictyota spp. hosted the highest abundances of total epibenthic dinoflagellates, composed mainly of Ostrepsis and Prorocentrum genera. The seagrass Halophila stipulacea hosted the highest abundances of Gambierdiscus spp. and Sinophysis spp. whilst the highest abundance of Coolia was determined on Galaxaura spp. The pelagic Sargassum spp. hosted the lowest abundances of benthic dinoflagellates including the genus Gambierdiscus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Boisnoir
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB, UMR 7205, Université des Antilles. Équipe Biologie de la mangrove. UFR SEN. 97100 Pointe-à-Pitre. France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.
| | - Pierre-Yves Pascal
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB, UMR 7205, Université des Antilles. Équipe Biologie de la mangrove. UFR SEN. 97100 Pointe-à-Pitre. France
| | - Sébastien Cordonnier
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB, UMR 7205, Université des Antilles. Équipe Biologie de la mangrove. UFR SEN. 97100 Pointe-à-Pitre. France
| | - Rodolphe Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France
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13
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Yong HL, Mustapa NI, Lee LK, Lim ZF, Tan TH, Usup G, Gu H, Litaker RW, Tester PA, Lim PT, Leaw CP. Habitat complexity affects benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages in the fringing reef of Rawa Island, Malaysia. HARMFUL ALGAE 2018; 78:56-68. [PMID: 30196925 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have investigated the effect of fine-scale habitat differences on the dynamics of benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages. To determine how these microhabitat differences affect the distribution and abundance of the major benthic harmful dinoflagellate genera in a tropical coral reef ecosystem, a field study was undertaken between April-September 2015 and January 2016 on the shallow reef flat of the fringing reef of Rawa Island, Terengganu, Malaysia. Sampling of benthic dinoflagellates was carried out using an artificial substrate sampling method (fiberglass screens). Benthic microhabitats surrounding the sampling screens were characterized simultaneously from photographs of a 0.25-m2 quadrat based on categories of bottom substrate types. Five taxonomic groups of benthic dinoflagellates, Ostreopsis, Gambierdiscus, Prorocentrum, Amphidinium, and Coolia were identified, and cells were enumerated using a light microscope. The results showed Gambierdiscus was less abundant than other genera throughout the study period, with maximum abundance of 1.2 × 103 cells 100 cm-2. While most taxa were present on reefs with high coral cover, higher cell abundances were observed in reefs with high turf algal cover and coral rubble, with the exception of Ostreopsis, where the abundance reached a maximum of 3.4 × 104 cells 100 cm-2 in habitats with high coral cover. Microhabitat heterogeneity was identified as a key factor governing the benthic harmful dinoflagellate assemblages and may account for much of the observed variability in dominant taxa. This finding has significant implications for the role of variability in the benthic harmful algal bloom (BHAB) outbreaks and the potential in identifying BHAB-related toxin transfer pathways and the key vectors in the food webs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwa Lin Yong
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Nurin Izzati Mustapa
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Li Keat Lee
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Zhen Fei Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Toh Hii Tan
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Gires Usup
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - R Wayne Litaker
- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science, Beaufort Laboratory, 101 Pivers Island Road, Beaufort, NC 28516, USA
| | | | - Po Teen Lim
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok 16310 Kelantan, Malaysia.
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14
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Fricke A, Pey A, Gianni F, Lemée R, Mangialajo L. Multiple stressors and benthic harmful algal blooms (BHABs): Potential effects of temperature rise and nutrient enrichment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 131:552-564. [PMID: 29886982 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2018.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Blooms of Ostreopsis cf. ovata, causing health incidence and mass human intoxications in the Mediterranean, gained special attention over the past decades. To study the potential effects of temperature and nutrient enrichment on this benthic dinoflagellate and other associated microalgae in situ, a multifactorial experiment was set up along a temperature gradient of a heat pump system in Monaco. Microalgae were quantified in experimental units, in the natural biofilm and in the water column. No significant interaction was observed between temperature and nutrients. A species- and bloom phase-dependent effect of the increased temperature was recorded, while the nutrient enrichment had a significant effect only at the end of the experiment (when cell abundances were low). Temperature effects were also visible in the biofilm and the surrounding water. The observed assemblages were mainly driven by changes in abundances of Ostreopsis cf. ovata and Actinocyclus sp., affected in different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Fricke
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche sur mer, France; Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Florida 4750, Bahía Blanca, B8000FWB, n/a, Argentina.
| | - A Pey
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France
| | - F Gianni
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - R Lemée
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - L Mangialajo
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Nice 06108, France; Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche, LOV, F-06230 Villefranche sur mer, France
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15
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Larsson ME, Laczka OF, Harwood DT, Lewis RJ, Himaya SWA, Murray SA, Doblin MA. Toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. (Dinophyceae) from Tropical and Temperate Australian Waters. Mar Drugs 2018; 16:md16010007. [PMID: 29301247 PMCID: PMC5793055 DOI: 10.3390/md16010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning (CFP) is a human illness caused by the consumption of marine fish contaminated with ciguatoxins (CTX) and possibly maitotoxins (MTX), produced by species from the benthic dinoflagellate genus Gambierdiscus. Here, we describe the identity and toxicology of Gambierdiscus spp. isolated from the tropical and temperate waters of eastern Australia. Based on newly cultured strains, we found that four Gambierdiscus species were present at the tropical location, including G. carpenteri, G. lapillus and two others which were not genetically identical to other currently described species within the genus, and may represent new species. Only G. carpenteri was identified from the temperate location. Using LC-MS/MS analysis we did not find any characterized microalgal CTXs (P-CTX-3B, P-CTX-3C, P-CTX-4A and P-CTX-4B) or MTX-1; however, putative maitotoxin-3 (MTX-3) was detected in all species except for the temperate population of G. carpenteri. Using the Ca2+ influx SH-SY5Y cell Fluorescent Imaging Plate Reader (FLIPR) bioassay we found CTX-like activity in extracts of the unidentified Gambierdiscus strains and trace level activity in strains of G. lapillus. While no detectable CTX-like activity was observed in tropical or temperate strains of G. carpenteri, all species showed strong maitotoxin-like activity. This study, which represents the most comprehensive analyses of the toxicology of Gambierdiscus strains isolated from Australia to date, suggests that CFP in this region may be caused by currently undescribed ciguatoxins and maitotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela E Larsson
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Olivier F Laczka
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - D Tim Harwood
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Private Bag 2, Nelson 7010, New Zealand.
| | - Richard J Lewis
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - S W A Himaya
- Institute for Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
| | - Shauna A Murray
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Martina A Doblin
- Climate Change Cluster, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123 Broadway, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
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16
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Pennesi C, Danovaro R. Assessing marine environmental status through microphytobenthos assemblages colonizing the Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) and their potential in coastal marine restoration. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 125:56-65. [PMID: 28784269 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microphytobenthos is potentially highly sensitive to environmental alterations, but has been rarely utilized in monitoring studies. Here we investigated the use of microphytobenthos colonizing Autonomous Reef Monitoring Structures (ARMS) to assess the marine environmental quality. We analysed microphytobenthic assemblages in terms of abundance, biomass and species composition on ARMS deployed in northern Adriatic Sea along a gradient of increasing impacts. We show that microphytobenthic variables changed significantly across sites, with lowest abundance and biodiversity in the highly impacted site. Moreover, the specific analysis of Diatoms revealed that genera like Entomoneis and Cylindrotheca could be used as indicators of nutrient enriched and stressed conditions. We provide evidence that the analysis of microphytobenthos colonizing artificial substrates could be used as a tool for detecting altered environmental characteristics. We also show that the ARMS, recreating hot spots of microphytobenthic biodiversity, and protect them from grazing, could be potentially utilized to restore degraded hard substrates. Our result indicates that microphytobenthos can be easily incorporated in future monitoring and restoration programmes to assess and improve marine environmental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Pennesi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.
| | - Roberto Danovaro
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy; Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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17
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Walsh JJ. Reply to Murray et al. (2017). MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 123:418. [PMID: 28545864 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J J Walsh
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States.
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18
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Sparrow L, Momigliano P, Russ GR, Heimann K. Effects of temperature, salinity and composition of the dinoflagellate assemblage on the growth of Gambierdiscus carpenteri isolated from the Great Barrier Reef. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 65:52-60. [PMID: 28526119 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Increases in reported incidence of ciguatera fish poisoning (hereafter ciguatera) have been linked to warmer sea temperatures that are known to trigger coral bleaching events. The drivers that trigger blooms of ciguatera-causing dinoflagellates on the Great Barrier Reef (GBR) are poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of increased temperatures and lowered salinities, often associated with environmental disturbance events, on the population growth of two strains of the potentially ciguatera-causing dinoflagellate, Gambierdiscus carpenteri (NQAIF116 and NQAIF380). Both strains were isolated from the central GBR with NQAIF116 being an inshore strain and NQAIF380 an isolate from a stable environment of a large coral reef aquarium exhibit in ReefHQ, Townsville, Australia. Species of Gambierdiscus are often found as part of a mixed assemblage of benthic toxic dinoflagellates on macroalgal substrates. The effect of assemblage structure of dinoflagellates on the growth of Gambierdiscus populations has, however, not been explored. The study, therefore investigated the growth of G. carpenteri within mixed assemblages of benthic dinoflagellates. Population growth was monitored over a period of 28days under three salinities (16, 26 and 36) and three temperature (24, 28 and 34°C) conditions in a fully crossed experimental design. Temperature and salinity had a significant effect on population growth. Strain NQAIF380 exhibited significantly higher growth at 28°C compared to strain NQAIF116, which had highest growth at 24°C. When strain NQAIF116 was co-cultured with the benthic dinoflagellates, Prorocentrum lima and Ostreopsis sp., inhibitory effects on population growth were observed at a salinity of 36. In contrast, growth stimulation of G. carpenteri (strain NQAIF116) was observed at a salinity of 26 and particularly at 16 when co-cultured with Ostreopsis-dominated assemblages. Range expansion of ciguatera-causing dinoflagellates could lead to higher frequency of reported ciguatera illness in populated temperate Australian regions, outside the tropical range of the GBR. Therefore, the findings on salinity and temperature tolerance of two strains of G. carpenteri indicates potential adaptability to different local environmental conditions. These are baseline data for future investigations into the potential southward range expansion of ciguatera-causing dinoflagellates originating from the GBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne Sparrow
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Centre of Sustainable Tropical Fisheries & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
| | - Paolo Momigliano
- Ecological Genetics Research Unit, Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Garry R Russ
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Kirsten Heimann
- College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia; Centre of Sustainable Tropical Fisheries & Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
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19
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Mangialajo L, Fricke A, Perez-Gutierrez G, Catania D, Jauzein C, Lemee R. Benthic Dinoflagellate Integrator (BEDI): A new method for the quantification of Benthic Harmful Algal Blooms. HARMFUL ALGAE 2017; 64:1-10. [PMID: 28427567 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 03/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Despite the potential negative human health, ecological and economic impact, the ecology of harmful benthic dinoflagellate blooms remains largely unknown. This is probably due to the complex interactions among biotic and abiotic drivers that influence blooms, but also to the difficulty in quantifying cell abundance in a comparable way over large spatial and temporal scales. One of the recognized priorities for bHABs (benthic Harmful Algal Blooms) assessment is developing and standardizing methods that can provide comparable data. In this context, the Benthic Dinoflagellates Integrator (BEDI), a new non-destructive quantification method for benthic dinoflagellate abundances, has been developed and tested within the present study. The rationale behind the BEDI standard assessment method is that mechanical resuspension of cells enables the quantification of abundances as cells per unit of seabed surface area (i.e. cellsmm-2) or as Potentially Resuspended cells per unit of volume (PRcellsml-1), by integrating both cells in the biofilm and those in the surrounding water. Estimations of Ostreopsis performed with BEDI method are independent of the substratum (i.e. macroalgal species) or the dominant ecosystem (i.e. algal forests or turfs, seagrass beds, coral reefs) and potentially allow the comparison of benthic dinoflagellate blooms over broad temporal and spatial scales. The first application of the BEDI method, presented in this study, gave encouraging results: the characterization of blooms of Ostreopsis cf. ovata at three sites in the NW Mediterranean Sea is consistent with results derived from the other commonly applied methods. Quantification of the ratio between abundances of cells in the biofilm and in the surrounding water was calculated for the first time per unit of seabed surface area, demonstrating that the highest abundances of cells (the stock), and therefore the associated risk for human health, are in the biofilm. For risk assessment purposes, conversion values for commonly used monitoring alert thresholds of Mediterranean Ostreopsis blooms are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Mangialajo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France.
| | - Anna Fricke
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Gala Perez-Gutierrez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Daniela Catania
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France; Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ECOMERS, Parc Valrose 28, Avenue Valrose, 06108 Nice, France
| | - Cécile Jauzein
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France
| | - Rodolphe Lemee
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSU-CNRS, Laboratoire d'Océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Villefranche sur mer, France
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20
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Walsh JJ, Lenes JM, Weisberg RH, Zheng L, Hu C, Fanning KA, Snyder R, Smith J. More surprises in the global greenhouse: Human health impacts from recent toxic marine aerosol formations, due to centennial alterations of world-wide coastal food webs. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 116:9-40. [PMID: 28111002 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.12.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Reductions of zooplankton biomasses and grazing pressures were observed during overfishing-induced trophic cascades and concurrent oil spills at global scales. Recent phytoplankton increments followed, once Fe-, P-, and N-nutrient limitations of commensal diazotrophs and dinoflagellates were also eliminated by respective human desertification, deforestation, and eutrophication during climate changes. Si-limitation of diatoms instead ensued during these last anthropogenic perturbations of agricultural effluents and sewage loadings. Consequently, ~15% of total world-wide annual asthma trigger responses, i.e. amounting to ~45 million adjacent humans during 2004, resulted from brevetoxin and palytoxin poisons in aerosol forms of western boundary current origins. They were denoted by greater global harmful algal bloom [HAB] abundances and breathing attacks among sea-side children during prior decadal surveys of asthma prevalence, compiled here in ten paired shelf ecosystems of western and eutrophied boundary currents. Since 1965, such inferred onshore fluxes of aerosolized DOC poisons of HABs may have served as additional wind-borne organic carriers of toxic marine MeHg, phthalate, and DDT/DDE vectors, traced by radio-iodine isotopes to potentially elicit carcinomas. During these exchanges, as much as 40% of mercury poisonings may instead have been effected by inhalation of collateral HAB-carried marine neurotoxic aerosols of MeHg, not just from eating marine fish. Health impacts in some areas were additional asthma and pneumonia episodes, as well as endocrine disruptions among the same adjacent humans, with known large local rates of thyroid cancers, physician-diagnosed pulmonary problems, and ubiquitous high indices of mercury in hair, pesticides in breast milk, and phthalates in urine.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Walsh
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States.
| | - J M Lenes
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - R H Weisberg
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - L Zheng
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - C Hu
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - K A Fanning
- College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersberg, FL 33701, United States
| | - R Snyder
- Virginia Institute of Marine Science Eastern Shore Laboratory, Wachapreague, VA 23480, United States
| | - J Smith
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
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Soliño L, Widgy S, Pautonnier A, Turquet J, Loeffler CR, Flores Quintana HA, Diogène J. Prevalence of ciguatoxins in lionfish (Pterois spp.) from Guadeloupe, Saint Martin, and Saint Barthélmy Islands (Caribbean). Toxicon 2015; 102:62-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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22
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Häder DP, Williamson CE, Wängberg SÅ, Rautio M, Rose KC, Gao K, Helbling EW, Sinha RP, Worrest R. Effects of UV radiation on aquatic ecosystems and interactions with other environmental factors. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2015; 14:108-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c4pp90035a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 410] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Combined effects of anthropogenic changes in the environmental condition in marine ecosystems, including UV, CO2and temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donat-P. Häder
- Emeritus from Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- Dept. Biology
- 91096 Möhrendorf
- Germany
| | | | - Sten-Åke Wängberg
- Dept. Biological and Environmental Science
- University of Gothenburg
- SE-40530 Göteborg
- Sweden
| | - Milla Rautio
- Département des Sciences Fondamentales and Centre for Northern Studies (CEN)
- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi
- Saguenay
- Canada
| | - Kevin C. Rose
- Department of Zoology
- University of Wisconsin, Madison
- Madison
- USA
| | - Kunshan Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science
- Xiamen University (XiangAn Campus, ZhouLongQuan A1-211)
- Xiamen
- China
| | | | - Rajeshwar P. Sinha
- Centre of Advanced Study in Botany
- Banaras Hindu University
- Varanasi-221005
- India
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