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Wang Y, Xiao R, Hu Y, Li J, Guo C, Zhang L, Zhang K, Jorquera MA, Pan W. Accumulation and ecological risk assessment of diazinon in surface sediments of Baiyangdian lake and its potential impact on probiotics and pathogens. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 357:124408. [PMID: 38906403 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
Diazinon is an organophosphorus pesticide widely used in agriculture and household pest control, and its use also poses several environmental and health hazards. In this study, we investigated the spatial and temporal distribution of diazinon in Baiyangdian, evaluated its potential ecological risk and toxicity to aquatic organisms based on RQ (Risk quotient) and TU (Toxic unit) analysis, and assessed the potential effects of diazinon accumulation on probiotics and pathogens based on statistical analysis of high-throughput sequencing data. The results showed that diazinon in Baiyangdian posed a low to moderate chronic risk to sediment-dwelling organisms and a low toxicity effect on aquatic invertebrates, which was mainly concentrated in October and human-intensive areas. Meanwhile, increases in sediment electrical conductivity (EC), amorphous iron oxides content and phenol oxidase activity favored diazinon accumulation in sediments, whereas the opposite was the case for sediment organic carbon, β-1,4-glucosidase, phosphatase, catalase and pH, suggesting that environmental indicators play a key role in the behavior and distribution of diazinon. In addition, diazinon in heavily contaminated areas seem to inhibit the rare probiotics (Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Serratia sp.), while promoted dominant pathogens (e.g., Burkholderia cenocepacia), which can lead to increased disease risk to humans and ecosystems, disruption of ecological balance and potential health problems. However, probiotic Streptomyces xiamenensis resist to diazinon would be a potential degrader for diazinon remove. In conclusion, this study unveiled the effects of diazinon pollution on wetland ecosystems, emphasizing ecological impacts and potential health concerns. In addition, the discovery of diazinon resistant probiotics provided new insights into wetland ecological restoration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Wang
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Rong Xiao
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China.
| | - Yanping Hu
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Junming Li
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Congling Guo
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
| | - Ling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Kegang Zhang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, China
| | - Milko A Jorquera
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Natural Resources, University of La Frontera, Temuco, 01145, Chile
| | - Wenbin Pan
- College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, China
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Li S, Liu F, Li W, Li C, Huang F, Jin S, Liu J, Yang L, Piao H, Zhang Y, Tai T, Liu K, Ma X. Prioritization of organic contaminants in China's groundwater based on national-scale monitoring data and their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172656. [PMID: 38653420 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
There has been increasing concern regarding the adverse environmental and health effects of organic pollutants. A list of priority control organic pollutants (PCOPs) can provide regulatory frameworks for the use and monitoring of organic compounds in the environment. In this study, 20,010 groundwater samples were collected from 15 "first level" groundwater resource zones in China. Fifty (50) organic compounds were analyzed based on their prevalence, occurrence, and physicochemical properties (persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity). Results showed that 16 PCOPs, including 12 pesticides, 3 aromatic hydrocarbons (AHs), and 1 phthalate ester, were recognized. Pesticides and AHs accounted for 75 % and 18.75 % of the high-priority pollutants, respectively. There were significant differences in PCOPs between confined and phreatic groundwater. Higher concentrations of pesticides were mainly detected in phreatic groundwater. PCOPs detected in samples from the 15 groundwater resource zones were mainly pesticides and AHs. The groundwater data indicate that the organic compounds detected in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), Yangtze River Basin (YZB), Liaohe River Basin (LRB), and Songhua River Basin (SRB) are mainly categorized as Q1 (high priority) and Q2 (medium priority) pollutants based on the contaminants ranking system in China. The findings from this study offer a snapshot of the wide distribution of PCOPs in the surveyed regions, and are expected to establishing treatment and prevention measures at both the regional and national levels in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengpin Li
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Wenpeng Li
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Changqing Li
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Fuyang Huang
- School of Environment and Resource, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang, Sichuan, China.
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, University of Wyoming, 1000 East University Avenue, Laramie, WY 82071, USA; Advanced Environmental Technologies LLC, 4025 Automation Way, Suite F4, Fort Collins, CO 80525, USA
| | - Jiaqing Liu
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Yang
- National Research Center for Geoanalysis, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Haitao Piao
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yiwei Zhang
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tuoya Tai
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun Liu
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xiaoyu Ma
- China Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring, Beijing 100081, China
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Yu R, Zhou Y, Xu S, Jing J, Zhang H, Huang Y. Distribution, Transfer, and Health Risk of Organochlorine Pesticides in Soil and Water of the Huangshui River Basin. TOXICS 2023; 11:1024. [PMID: 38133425 PMCID: PMC10747045 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
The potential negative impacts of organochlorine pesticides on the environment and human health continue to receive attention. In order to study the spatial distribution characteristics of organochlorine pesticides in the inland alpine region, researchers collected soil and water samples in the Huangshui River Basin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and tested them for organochlorine pesticide residues represented by dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and hexachlorohexane (HCH). The study identified the sources of OCPs by component analysis. We also constructed the LEVEL III model, applicable to the Huangshui River Basin, and used it to study the migration patterns of OCPs in various environmental media. OCPs were detected at low levels in the study area environment. The results of the OCPs source analysis show that there are both historical residuals and new sources in the region. Residual DDTs may originate from the mixture of technical DDTs and dicofol, and HCHs may originate from lindane or technical HCH. DDTs are mainly stored in soil, the input and output pathways are mainly atmospheric advection input and output, and its transport behavior in the environment is mainly air-soil exchange. Carcinogens in the study area pose little threat to people exposed to contaminated soil and contaminated water, but the cancer risk to children is greater than to adults. This study is helpful to managers of regional pesticide management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyue Yu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.)
| | - Yang Zhou
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shengxian Xu
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.)
| | - Jing Jing
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Hongyan Zhang
- Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.)
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Prieto-Espinoza M, Malleret L, Ravier S, Höhener P. A Novel Multi-ion Evaluation Scheme to Determine Stable Chlorine Isotope Ratios ( 37Cl/ 35Cl) of Chlordecone by LC-QTOF. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:2711-2721. [PMID: 37883681 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorinated pesticides are highly persistent organic pollutants having important adverse effects in the environment. To study their fate, compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) may be used to investigate their degradation pathways and mechanisms but is currently limited to 13C isotope ratios. The assessment of 37Cl isotope ratios from mass spectra is complicated by the large number of isotopologues of polychlorinated compounds. For method development, chlordecone (C10Cl10O2H2; hydrate form), an organochlorine insecticide that led to severe contamination of soils and aquatic ecosystems of the French West Indies, was taken as a model analyte. Chlorine isotope analysis of chlordecone hydrate was evaluated using high-resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF-MS), enabling smooth ionization to detect the molecular ion. First, a new evaluation scheme is presented to correct for multiple isotope presence in polychlorinated compounds. The scheme is based on probability calculations of the most frequent isotopologues, distributions by binomial probability functions, and corrections for the presence of nonchlorine heavy isotopes. Second, mobile-phase modifiers, ionization energy (sampling cone tension) and scan time were optimized for accurate chlorine isotope ratios. Chlordecone standard samples were measured up to 10-fold and bracketed with a second chlordecone external standard. δ37Cl values were obtained after conversion to the SMOC scale by a two-point calibration. The robustness of the analysis method and evaluation scheme were tested and gave satisfactory results with standard errors (σm) of ±0.34‰ for precision and ±0.89‰ for long-term accuracy of chlorine isotope ratios of chlordecone hydrate. This work opens perspectives for applications of the C-Cl CSIA approach to investigate the fate of highly toxic and low reactive polychlorinated compounds in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Prieto-Espinoza
- Aix Marseille University - CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Marseille, France
| | - Laure Malleret
- Aix Marseille University - CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Marseille, France
| | - Sylvain Ravier
- Aix Marseille University - CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Marseille, France
| | - Patrick Höhener
- Aix Marseille University - CNRS UMR 7376, Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Marseille, France
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Gandla V, Chiluka M, Gupta H, Sinha SN, Chakraborty P. Sediment-water partitioning and risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides along the urban, peri-urban and rural transects of Krishna River Basin, Peninsular India. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 874:162360. [PMID: 36822433 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were widely used in the past for pest control in agricultural lands and vector control programs in India. Due to their persistence and toxic impacts, we have quantified twenty OCPs in surface water, groundwater, and surface sediment samples along the Krishna River Basin (KRB), flowing through Peninsular India. Samples were collected along the urban, peri-urban, and rural transects of the KRB to understand the relation between the occurrence of pesticidal organochlorine pollutants based on the land use and land cover (LULC) and asses potential risk. Diagnostic ratios revealed ongoing Lindane usage in rural and peri-urban transects. On the contrary, the urban transect of the Musi River (MR) showed fresh inputs of technical HCH. The ratios of (p,p'-DDE+ p,p'-DDD)/ΣDDT >0.5 and α/β-Endosulfan < 2.33 for most of the sites across the three transects for surface water, groundwater, and sediment indicate past DDT and Endosulfan usage across KRB. Excluding p,p'-DDE, and heptachlor in most of the sites, the logKOC' was higher than logKOC for other OCPs in the urban transect. However, for all the OCPs, the logKOC' was lower than logKOC in the peri-urban and rural transects of KRB thereby indicating that riverine sediment is acting as a sink for OCPs. The Krishna River annually transport about 0.24 tons HCH, 0.11 tons of DDT and 0.1 tons of Endosulfan. Despite having low water discharge, the compound-specific fluxes of the Wyra river are higher than the other two tributaries. Ecotoxicological risk assessment based on the Hazard Quotient suggested DDT pose higher risks to scud (zooplankton) and dinoflagellate and diatom (phytoplankton) whereas Endosulfan poses a threat to Bluegill (fish).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mounika Chiluka
- Department of Applied Geochemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | - Harish Gupta
- Department of Civil Engineering, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change (REACH), SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India.
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Mohasin P, Chakraborty P, Anand N, Ray S. Risk assessment of persistent pesticide pollution: Development of an indicator integrating site-specific characteristics. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160555. [PMID: 36460110 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Detection of high pesticide concentrations in sediments and water often leads to prioritizing a site as being 'at risk'. However, the risk does not depend on pesticide concentration alone, but on other site-specific characteristics also. We developed an indicator that identifies the 'Level of Concern' by integrating five such characteristics: (i) pesticide concentrations in surface and groundwater causing risks to ecological health (ii) impacts on human health, (iii) water scarcity, (iv) agricultural production, and (v) biodiversity richness. We applied this framework in an agricultural region of the Lower Ganges Basin in West Bengal, India. We measured concentrations of selected organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in surface and groundwater within an 8 km2 area in 2019. Of 20 banned and restricted OCPs, 11 were detected as causing high risk to ecological health and 10 at concentrations above the Accepted Carcinogenic Risk Limit (ACRL) for humans. In the pre-monsoon, the mean concentrations of ΣOCPs in groundwater and surface water were 126.9 ng/L and 104 ng/L, in the monsoon they were 144.7 ng/L and 138 ng/L, and in the post-monsoon 122.1 ng/L and 147 ng/L respectively. In groundwater, no significant seasonal difference was observed in most pesticides. In the surface water, 7 pesticides were significantly higher in the monsoon and post-monsoon, which may be attributed to increased runoff as well as post monsoon application of OCPs. In September 2022 we again measured OCP concentrations in surface water and sediment. The mean concentration of 14 of the 20 measured OCPs were found to be significantly lower in the post-pandemic period compared to the pre-pandemic time. These lower pesticide concentrations may indicate a reduced use of OCPs in agricultural practices during the pandemic. This area was identified as being at the highest Level of Concern, even though the OCP concentrations alone conformed to general guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piya Mohasin
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India.
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu 603203, India.
| | - Niharika Anand
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India
| | - Sujata Ray
- Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur, Nadia, West Bengal 741246, India.
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7
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Wang S, Wang Q, Yuan Z, Wu X. Organochlorine pesticides in riparian soils and sediments of the middle reach of the Huaihe River: A traditional agricultural area in China. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 296:134020. [PMID: 35216981 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Distributions, souces, ecological risks as well as environmental behaviors of 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in riparian soils and sediments of the middle reach of the Huaihe River, a traditional agricultural area of China, were investigated. ∑OCPs in riparian soils and sediments were 1.8-63 ng g-1 (mean = 19 ± 12 ng g-1) and 1.2-9.9 ng g-1 (mean = 3.0 ± 1.8 ng g-1), respectively. HCHs were the dominant OCPs in both soils and sediments, while high concentrations of ∑HEPTs and ∑DDTs were also detected in some soils and sediments. No correlations were found between concentrations of OCPs and organic matter contents in both soils and sediments. Based on the source analysis, most OCPs in the riparian soils were mainly from historical residues, such as historical usage of technical HCH, DDT, chlordane and endosulfan. OCPs in sediments were influenced not only by surface runoff by also by other factors, e.g. in-situ contamination (DDT-containing antifouling paints in ships) and/or hydraulic transport from some tributaries. Some never-used OCPs, such as heptachlor and aldrin, were widely detected in soils and sediments. This might be attributed to some unknown usages or long-range atmospheric transport of them from other source regions. Ecological risk analysis suggested that DDTs and HCHs in soils would not lead to an adverse effect on soil ecological environment as well as agricultural production, and OCP residues in sediments also would not pose a threat to the sediment-dwelling organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China
| | - Zijiao Yuan
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China
| | - Xiaoguo Wu
- Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Water and Soil Pollution Control and Remediation, School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China; Center of Cooperative Innovation for Recovery and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Wanjiang City Belt, Wuhu, Anhui, 241002, PR China.
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Xia C, Liu G, Meng Y, Jiang F. Reveal the threat of water quality risks in Yellow River Delta based on evidences from isotopic and hydrochemical analyses. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 177:113532. [PMID: 35303636 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the seasonal and spatial characteristics of hydrochemistry and DO isotopes and identify the eco-environmental threats under the background of saline intrusion and human activities in Yellow River Delta (YRD). Analyses for major ions (i.e., K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42-, HCO3- and Cl-), nitrate ion (NO3-) and isotopic composition are performed for precipitation, river water, wetland water and sea water. Based on the range of δ2H and δ18O as well as their relations, the mixing between multiple sources and evaporation are confirmed. Electrical conductivity (EC), concentration of NO3-, soluble sodium percentage (SSP) and magnesium hazard (MH) are employed as indicators to reflect the ecological risks from salinity, agricultural pollutants, sodium and magnesium. By hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), the samples of wetland water are grouped associated with those of river water. The characteristic reflects 3 patterns of risks in wetlands, including saline intrusion, human activities and their mixed influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China; Department of Land, Environment, Agriculture and Forestry, University of Padova, Legnaro 35020, Italy.
| | - Guodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Yuchuan Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Fangting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
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Qiu W, Shao H, Jin W, Xiong Y, Xu B, Chen B. Determination of OCPs, OPPs, and 21 SVOCs in water and sediment samples in five rivers of Shenzhen, China, during the period of 2017 and 2018. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:42444-42457. [PMID: 33813709 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13717-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
One hundred two semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs), including 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and 12 organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), were determined in the main rivers of Shenzhen, China. As a result, p,p'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), aldrin, and benzoepin sulfate were the main OCPs detected in surface water, and p,p'-DDD, heptachlor, and endrin aldehyde were the main compounds in sediment. In addition, diazinon was the most frequent OPP detected in both water and sediment. At most sites, SVOCs were at similar concentration levels in 2017 and 2018. Compared with other areas, diazinon and malathion had comparative high concentrations in Maozhou River in this study. Analyzed from the SVOCs concentrations in water and sediment, p,p'-DDD was from the quick degradation of p,p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), and no recent DDT was input around the investigated area. Besides, the interrelationships among these pollutants were calculated, revealing that OPPs were mainly from the chronically cumulative content, rather than the directly transferring from surface water to sediment. According to the risk assessment, the occurrence of p,p'-DDD and p,p'-DDT affected the aquatic community. All in all, further investigations on the occurrence and source of these pollutants are still needed to avoid the potential risk for human beings living around the contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Qiu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Haiyang Shao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Weifeng Jin
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil and Groundwater Pollution Control, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Integrated Surface Water-Groundwater Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Bentuo Xu
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, School of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China.
| | - Bei Chen
- Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, No. 7, Haishan Road, Huli District, Xiamen, 361013, China.
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10
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Lao Q, Liu G, Zhou X, Chen F, Zhang S. Sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) found in surface sediment from coastal areas of Beibu Gulf: A reflection on shipping activities and coastal industries. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2021; 167:112318. [PMID: 33862382 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2021.112318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The presence of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) was determined in the sediments of Beibu Gulf, a newly developing industry and port in South China, to evaluate whether the rapid development of coastal cities has accelerated the organic pollution in the region. The levels of PCBs and DDTs ranged from 1.17 to 8.00 ng g-1 and ND (not detected) to 3.82 ng g-1, respectively. The levels were higher in the east of Beibu Gulf than in the west, which influenced by the industrialisation and urbanisation in the east. Additionally, penta-PCBs were the dominant PCB congeners, which are related to shipping activities, and DDTs may have originated from the historical use of technical DDT. The levels of pp'-DDD and PCBs did not have the potential to cause ecological risks in Beibu Gulf; however, residues of DDTs were at relatively higher ecotoxicological levels, thereby having the potential to cause adverse biological effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qibin Lao
- Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Beihai, State Oceanic Administration, Beihai 536000, China; College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Marine Environmental Monitoring Centre of Beihai, State Oceanic Administration, Beihai 536000, China; Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Survey Technology and Application, Ministry of Natural Resources, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Fajin Chen
- College of Ocean and Meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Shuwen Zhang
- Institute of Marine Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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11
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Berni I, Menouni A, El Ghazi I, Godderis L, Duca RC, Jaafari SE. Health and ecological risk assessment based on pesticide monitoring in Saïss plain (Morocco) groundwater. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116638. [PMID: 33618112 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In many countries, including Morocco, groundwater contamination with pesticides such as globally banned organochlorides (e.g., dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)) and some accredited organophosphates and pyrethroids poses ecological and human health risks. To assess these risks, we herein monitored pesticides in Saïss plain groundwater (Morocco) during the summer of 2017 and the winter of 2018 using polar organic chemical integrative samplers. The two types of passive samplers were deployed in 22 traditional wells for 14-20 days and subjected to solid-phase extraction. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry using a multiresidue method, and 27 pesticides were detected in total. In the summer campaign, 22 pesticides with individual concentrations ranging from <limit of quantitation (LOQ) to 243.1 ng L-1 were identified, whereas 17 compounds with concentrations ranging from <LOQ to 53.8 ng L-1 were detected in the winter campaign. In the summer period, the maximum individual concentrations of chlorothalonil, DDT, and α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH) equaled 111.7, 36.1, and 22.3 ng L-1, respectively, with the respective values for the winter period equaling 18.14, 16.62, and 22.2 ng L-1. Health risk assessment indicated that the carcinogenic α-HCH, β-HCH, DDT, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene present in groundwater may also contaminate drinking water and thus pose a threat to human health, particularly to that of infants and children. Further analysis revealed that the Saïss aquifer presents a high ecological risk. Thus, the monitoring of pesticides in groundwater by passive sampling was effective and could be combined with human health and ecological risk assessment to develop ways of reducing human and environmental exposure to pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imane Berni
- Cluster of Competency "Health and Environment", Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco.
| | - Aziza Menouni
- Cluster of Competency "Health and Environment", Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco; Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ibrahim El Ghazi
- Cluster of Competency "Health and Environment", Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Lode Godderis
- Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; IDEWE, External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work, Heverlee, Belgium
| | - Radu-Corneliu Duca
- Environment and Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Unit Environmental Hygiene and Human Biological Monitoring, Department of Health Protection, National Health Laboratory (LNS), Dudelange, Luxembourg
| | - Samir El Jaafari
- Cluster of Competency "Health and Environment", Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
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12
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Wang C, Zhang H, Liu P, Wang Y, Sun Y, Song Z, Hu X. Divergent Patterns of Bacterial Community Structure and Function in Response to Estuarine Output in the Middle of the Bohai Sea. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:630741. [PMID: 33763048 PMCID: PMC7982528 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.630741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding environment-community relationships under shifting environmental conditions helps uncover mechanisms by which environmental microbial communities manage to improve ecosystem functioning. This study investigated the microbial community and structure near the Yellow Sea River estuary in 12 stations across the middle of the Bohai Sea for over two seasons to elucidate the influence of estuarine output on them. We found that the dominant phyla in all stations were Proteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Planctomycetes. Alpha-diversity increased near the estuary and bacterial community structure differed with variation of spatiotemporal gradients. Among all the environmental factors surveyed, temperature, salinity, phosphate, silicon, nitrate, and total virioplankton abundance played crucial roles in controlling the bacterial community composition. Some inferred that community functions such as carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid metabolism, xenobiotics biodegradation, membrane transport, and environmental adaptation were much higher in winter; energy and nucleotide metabolism were lower in winter. Our results suggested that estuarine output had a great influence on the Bohai Sea environment and changes in the water environmental conditions caused by estuarine output developed distinctive microbial communities in the middle of the Bohai Sea. The distinctive microbial communities in winter demonstrated that the shifting water environment may stimulate changes in the diversity and then strengthen the predicted functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Haikun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yibo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanyu Sun
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zenglei Song
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoke Hu
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Biology and Bioresource Utilization, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai, China.,Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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13
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Edjere O, Ukpebor JE, Emebu S, Okieimen FE. Preliminary Studies of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Sediment, Water and Fish Samples from Ethiope River, Abraka Axis, Southern Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56431/p-f4t732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Selected persistent organochlorine pollutants, including DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, Aldrin, heptachlor, HCH as well as some of their isomers were determined in water, sediment and fish samples from the Ethiope River in Southern Nigeria. Twenty organochlorine pesticides were detected in both seasons from October 2012 – September 2013. Results revealed ∑HCH to be 0.620µg/L (water), 33 ng/g (sediment) and 29.00 ng/g (fish) for the rainy season while concentrations of 0.170 µg/L (water), 14 ng/g (sediment) and 28.00 ng/g (fish) were obtained for the dry season. 0.05–0.15 ng/g for aldrin, 0.12–5.8 ng/g for dieldrin, 0.22–0.64 ng/g for endrin, 0.24–6.37 ng/g for endosulfan and 0.21–8.81 ng/g for ΣDDT (p, p` -DDD, p, p` -DDE, p, p` -DDT). Among the OCPs, ∑HCH, endosulfan and PDDT were the most dominant compounds in the river sediments. γ- HCH was the most frequent detected compound in all the samples from this river. Among the cyclodiene compounds, aldrin was in abundance in most of the sediments, water and fish samples. γ-HCH, γ-HCH and HCB contributed this highest value for the water, sediment and fish sample respectively in the rainy season while aldrin, endrin and HCB were the highest contributors to the ΣOCPs to the mean of water, sediment and fish respectively. Hazard quotient and bioaccumulation analysis carried out on the fish sample revealed that the fishes were heavily contaminated with values >1 for both seasons which possess a possibility for ecological concern.
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14
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Edjere O, Ukpebor JE, Emebu S, Okieimen FE. Preliminary Studies of Organochlorine Pesticides (OCPs) in Sediment, Water and Fish Samples from Ethiope River, Abraka Axis, Southern Nigeria. INTERNATIONAL LETTERS OF NATURAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.80.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Selected persistent organochlorine pollutants, including DDT and its metabolites, hexachlorobenzene, dieldrin, Aldrin, heptachlor, HCH as well as some of their isomers were determined in water, sediment and fish samples from the Ethiope River in Southern Nigeria. Twenty organochlorine pesticides were detected in both seasons from October 2012 – September 2013. Results revealed ∑HCH to be 0.620µg/L (water), 33 ng/g (sediment) and 29.00 ng/g (fish) for the rainy season while concentrations of 0.170 µg/L (water), 14 ng/g (sediment) and 28.00 ng/g (fish) were obtained for the dry season. 0.05–0.15 ng/g for aldrin, 0.12–5.8 ng/g for dieldrin, 0.22–0.64 ng/g for endrin, 0.24–6.37 ng/g for endosulfan and 0.21–8.81 ng/g for ΣDDT (p, p` -DDD, p, p` -DDE, p, p` -DDT). Among the OCPs, ∑HCH, endosulfan and PDDT were the most dominant compounds in the river sediments. γ- HCH was the most frequent detected compound in all the samples from this river. Among the cyclodiene compounds, aldrin was in abundance in most of the sediments, water and fish samples. γ-HCH, γ-HCH and HCB contributed this highest value for the water, sediment and fish sample respectively in the rainy season while aldrin, endrin and HCB were the highest contributors to the ΣOCPs to the mean of water, sediment and fish respectively. Hazard quotient and bioaccumulation analysis carried out on the fish sample revealed that the fishes were heavily contaminated with values >1 for both seasons which possess a possibility for ecological concern.
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15
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Kamata M, Matsui Y, Asami M. National trends in pesticides in drinking water and water sources in Japan. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 744:140930. [PMID: 32711323 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although agricultural activities-especially paddy rice cultivation-are prominent in watersheds in Asian countries, few comprehensive studies have examined pesticide concentrations in water in these areas. Here, we report the concentrations of 162 pesticides in treated drinking water and source water (14,076 samples) in Japan, where rice cultivation is common, along with trends in sales of herbicides, fungicides, and insecticides from 1963 to 2016. Herbicides and fungicides-especially those used in rice farming were frequently detected in drinking water sources. The herbicide bromobutide, which is not listed in drinking water quality standards or guidelines except in Japan, as well as the widely used-and-detected bentazone, were frequently detected in source water (bromobutide and bentazone were detected at concentrations >0.1 μg/L in 31.1% and 33.8% of samples, respectively). Dymron and tefuryltrione were also detected in over 10% of samples at concentrations >0.1 μg/L. The highest observed concentration of bromobutide was 10 μg/L, and 7.5% of samples had concentrations >1 μg/L. High concentrations were also observed for halosulfuron methyl (7.9 μg/L), pyroquilon (7.0), molinate (6.8), and metominostrobin (4.6). Some of the pesticides frequently detected in source water were not detected at all in drinking water, but the main cause of the non-detection appeared to be degradation by chlorine. From the 1970s onward, sales of herbicides and fungicides with higher acceptable daily intakes (ADIs; i.e., with lower toxicity) have increased. However, the percentage of herbicides with very low ADIs (<10-2.5 mg kg-1 d-1) being shipped has also increased. Tefuryltrione, which was detected at normalized concentrations >0.1 in 8% of samples, is an example of this type of herbicide. The average log-Kow of herbicides has decreased from the 1970s to the present, due to the strong trend towards the application of hydrophilic herbicides, such glyphosate. The need for increased monitoring of pesticides used in rice paddy farming is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Kamata
- College of Engineering, Kanto Gakuin University, Mutsuurahigashi 1-50-1, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Matsui
- Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13W8, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan.
| | - Mari Asami
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, 2-3-6 Minami, Wako, Saitama 351-0197, Japan
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16
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Zhou T, Huang F, Zhang C, Li Z, Liu F. Effects of hydrogeochemical conditions on the distribution of pesticides in the karst river system. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:30468-30478. [PMID: 32468364 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09262-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Karst aquifer systems are tended to be polluted compared to other types of aquifers because pollutants are able to enter aquifers through developed conduit systems. To identify the effects of hydrogeochemical conditions on the distribution of pesticides in a karst river system in Kaiyang, southwest China, a typical pollution mode combining intermittent infiltration with intrusion was constructed. Twelve aqueous samples were collected along the karst river, and a total of 24 pesticides were detected. The results showed that the pesticide ubiquity and the dominant organophosphate (40%) and organonitrogen pesticides (49%) were both observed. Based on the spatial distribution, the attenuation of pesticides was found in the underground conduit and surface river. The wastewater treatment plant and the rural dump were the two important point sources releasing pesticides. In addition, ten core pesticides were identified by clustering analysis and regional characteristics of three types of pesticides in Songnen Plain, North China Plain, and Southwest karst areas were also summarized. With correlation analysis between pesticides and environmental factors, the significant correlations of pesticides with ammonium ion and dissolved oxygen were found, which indicated that rapid developing urbanization and long-term agricultural practices could remarkably affect the spatial distribution of pesticides. The calculation of ecological risk quotients showed that organophosphate pesticides had the highest risk to invertebrate, followed by organonitrogen pesticides, and finally organochlorine pesticides. Invertebrates were the most vulnerable aquatic organisms. These findings fill a gap in the multiple pesticides' pollution in the karst areas of China. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuyang Huang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zeyan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environmental Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Tang D, Liu X, He H, Cui Z, Gan H, Xia Z. Distribution, sources and ecological risks of organochlorine compounds (DDTs, HCHs and PCBs) in surface sediments from the Pearl River Estuary, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2020; 152:110942. [PMID: 32479303 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.110942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Pearl River Estuary is an important sink of organochlorine compounds (OCs), and OC pollution levels in surface sediments remain largely unknown at present. We collected and analysed residual DDTs, HCHs and PCBs of 45 surface sediments from the Pearl River Estuary in 2017. The values of DDTs (1.83 to 6.98 ng·g-1) and HCHs (0.43 to 2.14 ng·g-1) were higher in the Humen outlet, and the values of PCBs (4.6 to 187.4 ng·g-1) were higher in the coastal areas of Shenzhen. The DDTs and HCHs have generally decreased while the PCBs have been rapidly increasing in recent decades. The DDTs might originate from technical DDT and dicofol. The major source of HCHs was lindane. The main potential sources of PCBs were increased industrial products, ship painting, E-waste disassembly, maricultural and agricultural pollution. The total PCBs and DDTs had medium ecological risks according to the sediment quality guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehao Tang
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
| | - Xingjian Liu
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Ocean and Marginal Sea Geology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Guangzhou 510301, China; Innovation Academy of South China Sea Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, (ISEE, CAS), Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Haijun He
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhenang Cui
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Huayang Gan
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China
| | - Zhen Xia
- Guangzhou Marine Geological Survey, Guangzhou 510075, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Guangzhou 511458, China.
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18
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Zhu Z, Guo F, Xu Z, Di X, Zhang Q. Photocatalytic degradation of an organophosphorus pesticide using a ZnO/rGO composite. RSC Adv 2020; 10:11929-11938. [PMID: 35685612 PMCID: PMC9122623 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra01741h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A zinc oxide (ZnO)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite was synthesized via a hydrothermal synthesis method and used for the photocatalytic degradation of dimethoate. In the synthesis process of the ZnO/rGO nanocomposite, hexamethylenetetramine (HMT) was used as both a mineralizer and reducing agent. When the ZnO nanoparticles formed on the surfaces of graphene oxide sheets, the sheets were simultaneously reduced by HMT to form rGO. The photodegradation rate and photodegradation efficiency of dimethoate by the ZnO/rGO nanocomposite were 4 and 1.5 times, respectively, higher than those of bare ZnO. The ZnO/rGO nanocomposite possessed a high surface area of 41.0 m2 g−1 and pore volume of 4.72 × 10−3 cm3 g−1, which were conducive to the adsorption and mass transfer of pesticides and oxygen. The enhanced photocatalytic performance of the ZnO/rGO nanocomposite was attributed to the decrease in electron–hole recombination rate and effective carrier transport caused by the presence of rGO. Photoelectrochemical measurements confirmed that the nanocomposite exhibited a high charge transfer rate at the ZnO/rGO interface. These results indicate that ZnO/rGO nanocomposites have great application potential in pollutant degradation. The fabricated ZnO/rGO nanocomposites performed enhanced photocatalytic performance due to a high charge transfer rate at the ZnO/rGO interface.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Ocean Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin 124221
- China
| | - Feng Guo
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Ocean Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin 124221
- China
| | - Zhonghao Xu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Ocean Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin 124221
- China
| | - Xiaoxuan Di
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Ocean Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin 124221
- China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering (Ministry of Education)
- School of Ocean Science and Technology
- Dalian University of Technology
- Panjin 124221
- China
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19
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Olisah C, Adeniji AO, Okoh OO, Okoh AI. Occurrence and risk evaluation of organochlorine contaminants in surface water along the course of Swartkops and Sundays River Estuaries, Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2019; 41:2777-2801. [PMID: 31177475 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-019-00336-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine contaminants were analysed in surface water from Sundays (SDE) and Swartkops Estuaries (SWE), Eastern Cape Province, which is among the largest estuaries in South Africa. The concentration of Σ18OCPs ranged from 16.7 to 249.2 ng/L in autumn, 19.9-81.4 ng/L in winter, 43.6-126.8 ng/L in spring and 68.3-199.9 ng/L in summer for SDE, whereas in SWE, the values varied from 20.9 to 259.7 ng/L in autumn, 58.9-263.9 ng/L in winter, 3.2-183.6 ng/L in spring and 118.0-188.9 ng/L in summer. Among all OCPs, α-HCH, β-HCH, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDT, endrin, dieldrin and endrin aldehyde were predominant in surface water samples from SDE and SWE. Furthermore, the mean concentration of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) ranged from 126.7 ng/L in winter to 151.0 ng/L in spring for SDE and 249.0 ng/L in spring to 727.6 ng/L in winter for SWE. Tri- and tetra-PCBs dominated the PCB homologue profile. Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the study sites into three regions from least polluted to most polluted, indicated that SWE is more polluted compared to SDE, probably due to the influx of agricultural and industrial effluents. Carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessment revealed that the water from both estuaries is not safe for drinking, although suitable for bathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chijioke Olisah
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Alice, 5700, South Africa.
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa.
| | - Abiodun O Adeniji
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Alice, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Omobola O Okoh
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Alice, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
| | - Anthony I Okoh
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology Research Group (AEMREG), Alice, 5700, South Africa
- SAMRC, Microbial Water Quality Monitoring Centre, University of Fort Hare, Alice, 5700, South Africa
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20
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Jin X, Liu Y, Qiao X, Guo R, Liu C, Wang X, Zhao X. Risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides in drinking water source of the Yangtze River. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109390. [PMID: 31276884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides have been banned for many years, but the residual trace amount of organochlorine in water may still pose ecotoxicological risk. Meanwhile, the potential risk of organochlorine pesticides released from sediments, especially into drinking water sources, is receiving increasing attention. The present study assessed the pollution and potential risk of drinking water sources along the midstream and downstream Yangtze River. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in water, suspended particle matter (SPM), and sediment were evaluated with isotope dilution HRGC/HRMS. The results indicated that OCPs in water, SPM, and sediment ranged in 0.52-92.97 ng/L, 0.10-4.10 ng/L, and 0.038-11.36 ng/g, respectively. The predominant OCPs in water, SPM, and sediment were β-HCH, p,p'-DDE and PeCB. At site Y1, 8, 13, 18, β-HCH has a higher proportion in sediment samples, while, α-HCH has a higher proportion in SPM samples. The industrial use of HCHs in the history was the main HCHs source for most water and sediment samples, which indicated an absence of fresh inputs of industrial HCHs. Meanwhile, the abundance of p,p'-DDE in water, sediment and SPM samples could be attributed to long-term aerobic degradation of DDTs. The values of ffsw of HCHs, DDTs and PeCB indicate the transfer from water to sediment. Risk assessment showed that HCHs and DDTs posed low ecotoxicological risk to the Yangtze River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Jin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yan Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaocui Qiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Rui Guo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Chengyou Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xing Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Lake Pollution Control and Ecological Restoration, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Source Protection, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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21
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Ogbeide O, Uhunamure G, Okundaye F, Ejeomo C. First report on probabilistic risk assessment of pesticide residues in a riverine ecosystem in South-South Nigeria. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 231:546-561. [PMID: 31151015 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the ecological and human health risk associated with concentrations of legacy organochlorine pesticide residues in Ikpoba River, a major River in the heart of Benin City, a Nigerian urban town located in Edo State. Standard methods were used to collect, extract and analyze samples, while risk assessment was carried out using standard models and indices. Results showed varying pesticide concentrations in both sediment and water samples with α-HCH (0.24 ± 0.11 μg L-l), predominant in water, whereas dieldrin (0.99 ± 0.33 μg kg-l) was the highest concentration in sediment. Compared to the Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQGs), this study concentrations of pesticides in sediments were below the values of effect range medium, effect range low, probable effect level and threshold effects level, suggesting low environmental hazard to benthic organisms. However, on exposure to contaminated sediments, probabilistic ecological risk assessment using Monte Carlo techniques showed potential risk to algae, daphnid and fish. Human health risk estimates using dermal and ingestion exposure deterministic and probabilistic routes revealed a potential risk to adults and children exposed to contaminated water and sediment. Estimates for detected pesticides exceeded the threshold level, indicating potential cancer effects for both children and adults who rely on the resources of the river. This study highlights the need for concerted efforts to curb the threat of pesticides and other contaminants in the aquatic environment by all relevant stakeholders in Nigeria and Africa as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozekeke Ogbeide
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of the Free State. (Qwa Qwa campus), Free State, South Africa; Afromountane Research Unit (ARU) University of the Free State. (Qwa Qwa campus), Free State, South Africa; Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria.
| | - Grace Uhunamure
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria
| | - Fabulous Okundaye
- Department of Environmental Management and Toxicology. Faculty of Life Sciences. University of Benin. Benin City, Nigeria
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22
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Xu M, Huang H, Li N, Li F, Wang D, Luo Q. Occurrence and ecological risk of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and pesticides in typical surface watersheds, China. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 175:289-298. [PMID: 30898333 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.01.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the occurrence and ecological risk of organic contaminants in aquatic environment in China, a method for simultaneously detecting 130 pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and 35 pesticides has been established using solid phase extraction-ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-UPLC-MS/MS) method. In the present survey, a total of 122 target compounds (103 PPCPs and 19 pesticides) were detected in seven major watersheds in China, with average concentrations ranged from 0.02 ng/L (sulfamerazine) to 332.75 ng/L (bisphenol A), revealing that PPCPs and pesticides were widely distributed in surface water of China. Antibiotics and organophosphorus were the most ubiquitously PPCPs and pesticides, respectively; quinolones were the predominant antibiotics, most of which were detected in more than 96% sampling sites, with average concentrations ranged from 2.14 to 309.67 ng/L; six pesticides including isoprocarb, fenobucarb, acetamiprid, imidacloprid, acetochlor and bentazone were detected in more than 80% sampling sites, with average concentrations ranged from 5.62 to 225.93 ng/L; more than half of the non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals were hormones; and diethyltoluamide (DEET) was predominant personal care products; The risk assessment showed that each watershed was at potential medium ecological risk based on their mean concentration (RQTotal > 1), and pesticides were the main compounds arising risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijia Xu
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China; Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Li
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Donghong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Qian Luo
- Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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23
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Bai Y, Ruan X, van der Hoek JP. Residues of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in aquatic environment and risk assessment along Shaying River, China. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2018; 40:2525-2538. [PMID: 29748733 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-018-0117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are pesticides with global scale ubiquity, persistence and bioaccumulation, which leave long-term residuals in the water body. OCPs' high toxicity poses significant threats to human health and aquatic biodiversity, making assessment of OCPs' impact on aquatic ecology and human health urgently necessary. In this research, the presence of 16 OCPs in surface water and groundwater along Shaying River, China, as well as OCPs concentration correlations, was investigated at 24 selected sampling sites. At the same time, the ecological risk and human carcinogenic risk were also analyzed by risk quotient method and USEPA's Risk Assessment Guidance, respectively. Results showed that the total concentration of OCPs ranged from 21.0 to 61.4 ng L-1 in groundwater, and 12.3-77.5 ng L-1 in surface water. Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs) and heptachlor were the prominent contaminants in groundwater, which indicated their use in the recent past and confirmed their persistence. The α-HCH/γ-HCH ratios in groundwater confirmed that γ-HCH (lindane) was used as main substitute of technical HCH in the study area. The correlation analysis illustrated that δ-HCH and γ-HCH played a dominant role in HCHs residue. Heptachlor and α-HCH, as well as endosulfan and heptachlor epoxide, had a strongly significant positive correlation, suggesting an associated usage of the two pair OCPs. An extremely high ecological risk for aquatic organism was observed for γ-HCH, heptachlor and dieldrin, while the carcinogenic risks posed by the selected OCPs in surface water and groundwater were all acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Bai
- Key Laboratory of Surfacial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xiaohong Ruan
- Key Laboratory of Surfacial Geochemistry, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
- Department of Hydrosciences, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Nanjing University, 163# Xianlin Road, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - J P van der Hoek
- Department of Water Management, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg1, 2628CN, Delft, The Netherlands
- Strategic Centre, Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096AC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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24
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Cuevas N, Martins M, Costa PM. Risk assessment of pesticides in estuaries: a review addressing the persistence of an old problem in complex environments. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2018; 27:1008-1018. [PMID: 29450674 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1910-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Estuaries, coastal lagoons and other transition ecosystems tend to become the ultimate reservoirs of pollutants transported by continental runoff, among which pesticides constitute the class of most concern. High amounts of dissolved and particulated organic matter greatly contribute to the accumulation of pesticides that eventually become trapped in sediments or find their way along food chains. Perhaps not so surprisingly, it is common to find elevated levels of pesticides in estuarine sediments decades after their embargo. Still, it remains challenging to address ecotoxicity in circumstances that invariably imply mixtures of contaminants and multiple factors affecting bioavailability. Despite advances in methods for detecting pesticides in waters, sediments and organisms, chemical data alone are insufficient to predict risk. Many researchers have been opting for ex situ bioassays that mimic the concentrations of pesticides in estuarine waters and sediments using a range of ecologically relevant model organisms, with emphasis on fish, molluscs and crustaceans. These experimental procedures unravelled novel risk factors and important insights on toxicological mechanisms, albeit with some prejudice of ecological relevance. On the other hand, in situ bioassays, translocation experiments and passive biomonitoring strive to spot causality through an intricate mesh of confounding factors and cocktails of pollutants. Seemingly, the most informative works are integrative approaches that combine different assessment strategies, multiple endpoints and advanced computational and geographical models to determine risk. State-of-art System Biology approaches combining high-content screening approaches involving "omics" and bioinformatics, can assist discovering and predicting novel Adverse Outcome Pathways that better reflect the cumulative risk of persisting and emerging pesticides among the wide range of stressors that affect estuaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagore Cuevas
- UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marta Martins
- MARE - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Pedro M Costa
- UCIBIO - Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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25
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Wang H, Qu B, Liu H, Ding J, Ren N. Analysis of organochlorine pesticides in surface water of the Songhua River using magnetoliposomes as adsorbents coupled with GC-MS/MS detection. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 618:70-79. [PMID: 29126029 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 11/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A simple and effective method based on magnetic separation has been developed for the extraction of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) from river water samples using magnetoliposomes as adsorbents. This method avoided the time-consuming column passing process of loading large volume samples in traditional SPE through the rapid isolation of magnetoliposomes with an adscititious magnet. Lipid bilayers formed on the surface of Fe3O4 showed great adsorptive tendency towards analytes through hydrophobic interactions, and zwitterions headgroups endowed the outer surface of magnetoliposomes with hydrophilicity to improve the dispersing property of adsorbents in the sample matrix. The target analytes were detected by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the limits of detection obtained are in the range of 0.04-0.35ngL-1. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day are in the range of 2-5% and 4-7%, respectively. The proposed method was employed for analysis of six OCPs in the surface water samples from two cities along the Songhua River in different seasons. Compared with the traditional methods, the proposed method could reduce the consumption of the organic solvent and shorten the sample preparation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Department of Quality, AVIC Aerodynamics Research Institute, Harbin 150009, China
| | - He Liu
- Jilin Province Environmental Monitoring Center, 2063 Tailai Street, Changchun 130011, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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26
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Zhao Z, Jia J, Wang J, Liu A, Lan J, Zhang H, Zhao M. Pollution levels of DDTs and their spatiotemporal trend from sediment records in the Southern Yellow Sea, China. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2018; 127:359-364. [PMID: 29475672 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2017.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to study the pollution levels and spatiotemporal trend of Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) in the Southern Yellow Sea (SYS), thirty-two surface sediment samples and a sediment core have been analyzed, and our results have been compared with previous reports. DDTs contents in our samples ranged from below detection limit to 5.1ng/gdry weight (d.w.), which presented lower ecological risks in the SYS. Surface sediment results show a seaward increasing trend with high values in the northern region of the central basin of the SYS. Our reconstructed core record and historical data from previous reports reveal an increasing trend from 1905 to 1955 but a decline trend since 1985 for DDTs, which is consistent of the production, usage and banning of DDTs in China. The source identification, based on (DDE+DDD)/DDTs, suggested that aged DDTs were the major contributor, though there were some inputs of fresh DDTs from the usage of 1,1-bis(p-Chlorophenyl)-2,2,2-trichloroethanol (dicofol).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zongshan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jiaojiao Jia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jiaokai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Aifeng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Biomass Energy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Jing Lan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Qingdao Agriculture University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Hailong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, China
| | - Meixun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Chemistry Theory and Technology, Ocean University of China, Ministry of Education, China; Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China.
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27
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Wang W, Bai J, Zhang G, Wang X, Jia J, Cui B, Liu X. Depth-distribution, possible sources, and toxic risk assessment of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in different river sediment cores affected by urbanization and reclamation in a Chinese delta. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:1062-1072. [PMID: 28764122 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Sediment cores were collected in urban (0-50 cm), rural (0-40 cm) and reclamation-affected river (0-40 cm) environments in the Pearl River Delta. Concentrations of 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined in all collected samples to identify the depth-distribution, possible sources and ecotoxicological risks of OCPs in river sediments affected by urbanization and reclamation in a Chinese delta. The results showed that the top 10 cm of rural river sediments had slightly lower concentrations of the 16 OCPs compared to urban and reclamation-affected rivers, whereas the 30-40 cm sediment layers in the rural river showed higher levels of the 16 OCPs. However, higher OCPs levels were observed in the 20-30 cm sediment layers in the urban river than in the rural and reclamation-affected rivers. The principal OCPs in most deeper sediment layers were hexachlorobezene (HCB), the combination of aldrin, endrin and dieldrin (ΣDRINs) and the combination of α-HCH, β-HCH and γ-HCH (ΣHCHs). The predominant OCPs in surface sediments were HCB, ΣDRINs and the combination of p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDT and p,p'-DDE (ΣDDTs). Generally, OCP concentrations decreased with depth along sediment profiles at most sampling sites in the three types of rivers. The source analyses indicated that some sampling sites were still suffering from the recent use of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and aldrin. According to the soil quality thresholds of China, the levels of HCHs and DDTs at most sampling sites were below class Ⅰ criteria. Based on the sediment quality guideline quotient (SQGQ), the combined ecotoxicological risk of OCPs (γ-HCH, dieldrin, p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDT) in surface sediments (0-10 cm) was higher than deeper sediments, and the rural river sediments exhibited a higher combined ecotoxicological risk than the sediments in urban and reclamation-affected rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China.
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Jia Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Baoshan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xinhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
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28
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Li J, Li F, Liu Q. PAHs behavior in surface water and groundwater of the Yellow River estuary: Evidence from isotopes and hydrochemistry. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 178:143-153. [PMID: 28324836 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale irrigation projects have impacted the regional surface-groundwater interactions in the North China Plain (NCP). Given this concern, the aim of this study is to evaluate levels of PAH pollution, identify the sources of the PAHs, analyze the influence of surface-groundwater interactions on PAH distribution, and propose urgent management strategies for PAHs in China's agricultural areas. PAH concentrations, hydrochemical indicators and stable isotopic compositions (δ18O and δ2H) were determined for surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) samples. PAHs concentrations in surface water and groundwater varied from 11.84 to 393.12 ng/L and 8.51-402.84 ng/L, respectively, indicating mild pollution. The seasonal variations showed the following trend: PAHs in surface water at the low-water phase > PAHs in groundwater at the low-water phase > PAHs in surface water at the high-water phase > PAHs in groundwater at the high-water phase. Hydrochemical and δ18O value of most groundwater samples distributed between the Yellow River and seawater. The mean value of mixture ratio of the Yellow River water recharge to the groundwater was 65%, few anomalous sites can reach to 90%. Surface-groundwater interactions influence the spatial distribution of PAHs in the study area. In light of the ongoing serious pollution, management practices for source control, improved control technologies, and the construction of a monitoring network to warn of increased risk are urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
| | - Qiang Liu
- Sichuan Province Environmental Monitoring Station, Chengdu, 610091, China
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29
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Pirsaheb M, Hossini H, Asadi F, Janjani H. A systematic review on organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides content in water resources. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2016.1269810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran and
| | - Hooshyar Hossini
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Faculty of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran and
| | - Fatemeh Asadi
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hosna Janjani
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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30
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Li J, Li F. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the Yellow River estuary: Levels, sources and toxic potency assessment. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2017; 116:479-487. [PMID: 28034495 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a systematic but preliminary study on the levels, sources and risk of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Yellow River estuary by examining 16 priority PAHs listed by the U.S. EPA in four main environmental media (soil, surface water, groundwater and sediment). The concentration of individual PAHs in each medium in the study area was compared with the reported PAH values in China and abroad and to related environmental quality standards. The pollution levels of PAHs were found to be moderate in the soil and sediment, and low in the surface water and groundwater. Wood, coal combustion and petroleum inputs are the main PAH sources in soil and sediment, while petroleum inputs and petroleum combustion are the main PAH sources in surface water and groundwater. This indicates that PAH input caused by the high-speed inflow of external water over a long time has made a definite contribution to the occurrence of PAHs in surface water and groundwater in the study area. Furthermore, the mean value of the sum of the Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (∑ELCR) exposure to PAHs in all media exceeded the generally acceptable risk level of 1.0E-06 recommended by the USEPA for carcinogenic chemicals, and the relative proportion contributed by DBA to the ∑ELCR was the greatest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fadong Li
- Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
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31
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Wang W, Bai J, Xi M, Zhao Q, Zhang G, Wen X, Xiao R. Occurrence, sources, and risk assessment of OCPs in surface sediments from urban, rural, and reclamation-affected rivers of the Pearl River Delta, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:2535-2548. [PMID: 27822694 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-8016-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediments were collected to a depth of 20 cm from urban, rural, and reclamation-affected rivers in the Pearl River Delta of China. In total, 16 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were analyzed in all sediment samples, and the occurrence, possible sources, toxicity, and health risks of OCPs were evaluated to compare the contamination characteristics of OCPs in sediments among the three types of rivers. The results showed that concentrations of Σ16OCPs in sediments from the three rivers followed the order urban river > reclamation-affected river > rural river, with a mean value of 247.21, 232.91, and 114.92 μg/kg, respectively, and the predominant OCPs were hexachlorobenzene (HCB), dieldrin, aldrin, endrin, and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). Source diagnostics illustrated that there might be recent input of HCHs, dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), and endosulfan in some sampling sites. Based on the soil quality thresholds of China, both HCHs and DDTs fell within the range of class II criteria except for some sediment samples in urban rivers with lower levels (below class I criteria). According to sediment quality guidelines, 92.86 % of samples were predicted to be toxic. The health risk assessment showed that OCPs would not pose a threat to people via dermal contact, ingestion, and inhalation, and the followed order of incremental lifetime cancer risks for OCPs in sediment samples was reclamation-affected river > urban river > rural river.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhong Bai
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Xi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Zhao
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangliang Zhang
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojun Wen
- State Key laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Rong Xiao
- School of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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32
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Shi J, Li P, Li Y, Liu W, Zheng GJS, Xiang L, Huang Z. Polychlorinated biphenyls and organochlorine pesticides in surface sediments from Shantou Bay, China: Sources, seasonal variations and inventories. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2016; 113:585-591. [PMID: 27624761 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Sediments from Shantou Bay, China, were analyzed for polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) for the first time. The concentrations of PCBs and OCPs were 0.54-55.5ngg-1 and 2.19-16.9ngg-1 (dry weight), respectively. Source identification showed that tri-CBs and penta-CBs were manufactured and used in the last century, while usage of antifouling paint might still serve as a significant source of sediment DDT. Concentrations of PCBs and HCHs significantly (p<0.05) increased after wet season, suggesting that atmospheric deposition and surface runoff played an important role in distribution of historical pollutants. Additionally, the adverse biological effects could occasionally occur for DDT in sediments. The mass inventories were preliminarily calculated for PCBs (90.1ngcm-2 and 0.09tons) and OCPs (61.8ngcm-2 and 0.062tons) in Shantou Bay, while as part of the "reservoir" of organochlorine compounds to the global ocean, its role cannot be neglected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchun Shi
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Ping Li
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Yuelin Li
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Wenhua Liu
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Gene Jin-Shu Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Li Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis, Hong Kong Baptist University, 224 Waterloo Road, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhongwen Huang
- Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
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