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Qu Y, Wang Y, Wang S, Yu X, He Y, Lu R, Chen S, Meng C, Xu H, Pei W, Ni B, Zhang R, Huang X, You H. A comprehensive analysis of single-cell RNA transcriptome reveals unique SPP1+ chondrocytes in human osteoarthritis. Comput Biol Med 2023; 160:106926. [PMID: 37141654 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.106926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) has become the most common degenerative disease in the world, which brings a serious economic burden to society and the country. Although epidemiological studies have shown that the occurrence of osteoarthritis is associated with obesity, sex, and trauma, the biomolecular mechanisms for the development and progression of osteoarthritis remain ambiguous. Several studies have drawn a connection between SPP1 and osteoarthritis. SPP1 was first found to be highly expressed in osteoarthritic cartilage, and later more studies have shown that SPP1 is also highly expressed in subchondral bone and synovial in OA patients. However, the biological function of SPP1 remains unclear. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a novel technique that reflects gene expression at the cellular level, making it better depict the state of different cells than ordinary transcriptome data. However, most of the existing chondrocyte scRNA-seq studies focus on the occurrence and development of OA chondrocytes and lack analysis of normal chondrocyte development. Therefore, to better understand the mechanism of OA, scRNA-seq analysis of a larger cell volume containing normal and osteoarthritic cartilage is of great importance. Our study identifies a unique cluster of chondrocytes characterized by high SPP1 expression. The metabolic and biological characteristics of these clusters were further investigated. Besides, in animal models, we found that the expression of SPP1 is spatially heterogeneous in cartilage. Overall, our work provides novel insight into the potential role of SPP1 in OA, which sheds light on understanding the role of SPP1 in OA, promoting the progress of the treatment and prevention in the field of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunkun Qu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yingguang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Shanxi Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Yi He
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Rui Lu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Sheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Cheng Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hanqing Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Wenbin Pei
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Bowei Ni
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Xiaojian Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Hongbo You
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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Maridas DE, Gamer L, Moore ER, Doedens AM, Yu Y, Ionescu A, Revollo L, Whitman M, Rosen V. Loss of Vlk in Prx1 + Cells Delays the Initial Steps of Endochondral Bone Formation and Fracture Repair in the Limb. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:764-775. [PMID: 35080046 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vertebrate lonesome kinase (Vlk) is a secreted tyrosine kinase important for normal skeletogenesis during embryonic development. Vlk null mice (Vlk-/- ) are born with severe craniofacial and limb skeletal defects and die shortly after birth. We used a conditional deletion model to remove Vlk in limb bud mesenchyme (Vlk-Prx1 cKO) to assess the specific requirement for Vlk expression by skeletal progenitor cells during endochondral ossification, and an inducible global deletion model (Vlk-Ubq iKO) to address the role of Vlk during fracture repair. Deletion of Vlk with Prx1-Cre recapitulated the limb skeletal phenotype of the Vlk-/- mice and enabled us to study the postnatal skeleton as Vlk-Prx1 cKO mice survived to adulthood. In Vlk-Prx1 cKO adult mice, limbs remained shorter with decreased trabecular and cortical bone volumes. Both Vlk-Prx1 cKO and Vlk-Ubq iKO mice had a delayed fracture repair response but eventually formed bridging calluses. Furthermore, levels of phosphorylated osteopontin (OPN) were decreased in tibias of Vlk-Ubq iKO, establishing OPN as a Vlk substrate in bone. In summary, our data indicate that Vlk produced by skeletal progenitor cells influences the timing and extent of chondrogenesis during endochondral bone formation and fracture repair. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Maridas
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura Gamer
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emily R Moore
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Annemiek M Doedens
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yunqing Yu
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Leila Revollo
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Malcolm Whitman
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Vicki Rosen
- Department of Developmental Biology, Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Jiang A, Xu P, Sun S, Zhao Z, Tan Q, Li W, Song C, Leng H. Cellular alterations and crosstalk in the osteochondral joint in osteoarthritis and promising therapeutic strategies. Connect Tissue Res 2021; 62:709-719. [PMID: 33397157 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1870969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is a joint disorder involving cartilage degeneration and subchondral bone sclerosis. The bone-cartilage interface is implicated in OA pathogenesis due to its susceptibility to mechanical and biological factors. The crosstalk between cartilage and the underlying subchondral bone is elevated in OA due to multiple factors, such as increased vascularization, porosity, microcracks and fissures. Changes in the osteochondral joint are traceable to alterations in chondrocytes and bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes and osteoclasts). The phenotypes of these cells can change with the progression of OA. Aberrant intercellular communications among bone cell-bone cell and bone cell-chondrocyte are of great importance and might be the factors promoting OA development. An appreciation of cellular phenotypic changes in OA and the mechanisms by which these cells communicate would be expected to lead to the development of targeted drugs with fewer side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shang Sun
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenda Zhao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Qizhao Tan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Weishi Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, Ministry of Education Lisbon Portugal
| | - Chunli Song
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Lab of Spine Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huijie Leng
- Department of Orthopaedics, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
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Asparuhova MB, Chappuis V, Stähli A, Buser D, Sculean A. Role of hyaluronan in regulating self-renewal and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stromal cells and pre-osteoblasts. Clin Oral Investig 2020; 24:3923-3937. [PMID: 32236725 PMCID: PMC7544712 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03259-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of two hyaluronan (HA) formulations on the osteogenic potential of osteoblast precursors. Materials and methods Proliferation rates of HA-treated mesenchymal stromal ST2 and pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells were determined by 5-bromo-20-deoxyuridine (BrdU) assay. Expression of genes encoding osteogenic differentiation markers, critical growth, and stemness factors as well as activation of downstream signaling pathways in the HA-treated cells were analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunoblot techniques. Results The investigated HAs strongly stimulated the growth of the osteoprogenitor lines and enhanced the expression of genes encoding bone matrix proteins. However, expression of late osteogenic differentiation markers was significantly inhibited, accompanied by decreased bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. The expression of genes encoding transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and fibroblast growth factor-1 (FGF-1) as well as the phosphorylation of the downstream signaling molecules Smad2 and Erk1/2 were enhanced upon HA treatment. We observed significant upregulation of the transcription factor Sox2 and its direct transcription targets and critical stemness genes, Yap1 and Bmi1, in HA-treated cells. Moreover, prominent targets of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway showed reduced expression, whereas inhibitors of the pathway were considerably upregulated. We detected decrease of active β-catenin levels in HA-treated cells due to β-catenin being phosphorylated and, thus, targeted for degradation. Conclusions HA strongly induces the growth of osteoprogenitors and maintains their stemness, thus potentially regulating the balance between self-renewal and differentiation during bone regeneration following reconstructive oral surgeries. Clinical relevance Addition of HA to deficient bone or bony defects during implant or reconstructive periodontal surgeries may be a viable approach for expanding adult stem cells without losing their replicative and differentiation capabilities. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s00784-020-03259-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria B Asparuhova
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology, Dental Research Center, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 3, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Vivianne Chappuis
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Stähli
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anton Sculean
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 7, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
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5
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Buchtova M, Oralova V, Aklian A, Masek J, Vesela I, Ouyang Z, Obadalova T, Konecna Z, Spoustova T, Pospisilova T, Matula P, Varecha M, Balek L, Gudernova I, Jelinkova I, Duran I, Cervenkova I, Murakami S, Kozubik A, Dvorak P, Bryja V, Krejci P. Fibroblast growth factor and canonical WNT/β-catenin signaling cooperate in suppression of chondrocyte differentiation in experimental models of FGFR signaling in cartilage. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2015; 1852:839-50. [PMID: 25558817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling disturbs chondrocyte differentiation in skeletal dysplasia, but the mechanisms underlying this process remain unclear. Recently, FGF was found to activate canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in chondrocytes via Erk MAP kinase-mediated phosphorylation of WNT co-receptor Lrp6. Here, we explore the cellular consequences of such a signaling interaction. WNT enhanced the FGF-mediated suppression of chondrocyte differentiation in mouse limb bud micromass and limb organ cultures, leading to inhibition of cartilage nodule formation in micromass cultures, and suppression of growth in cultured limbs. Simultaneous activation of the FGF and WNT/β-catenin pathways resulted in loss of chondrocyte extracellular matrix, expression of genes typical for mineralized tissues and alteration of cellular shape. WNT enhanced the FGF-mediated downregulation of chondrocyte proteoglycan and collagen extracellular matrix via inhibition of matrix synthesis and induction of proteinases involved in matrix degradation. Expression of genes regulating RhoA GTPase pathway was induced by FGF in cooperation with WNT, and inhibition of the RhoA signaling rescued the FGF/WNT-mediated changes in chondrocyte cellular shape. Our results suggest that aberrant FGF signaling cooperates with WNT/β-catenin in suppression of chondrocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Buchtova
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Veronika Oralova
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics AS CR, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Anie Aklian
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jan Masek
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Vesela
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zhufeng Ouyang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Tereza Obadalova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zaneta Konecna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Spoustova
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Pospisilova
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Matula
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Varecha
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lukas Balek
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Gudernova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Jelinkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Duran
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Iveta Cervenkova
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Shunichi Murakami
- Department of Orthopaedics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Alois Kozubik
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Dvorak
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vitezslav Bryja
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Cytokinetics, Institute of Biophysics AS CR, v.v.i., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Krejci
- Institute of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Takei Y, Minamizaki T, Yoshiko Y. Functional diversity of fibroblast growth factors in bone formation. Int J Endocrinol 2015; 2015:729352. [PMID: 25873956 PMCID: PMC4383271 DOI: 10.1155/2015/729352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 08/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The functional significance of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling in bone formation has been demonstrated through genetic loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches. FGFs, comprising 22 family members, are classified into three subfamilies: canonical, hormone-like, and intracellular. The former two subfamilies activate their signaling pathways through FGF receptors (FGFRs). Currently, intracellular FGFs appear to be primarily involved in the nervous system. Canonical FGFs such as FGF2 play significant roles in bone formation, and precise spatiotemporal control of FGFs and FGFRs at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels may allow for the functional diversity of FGFs during bone formation. Recently, several research groups, including ours, have shown that FGF23, a member of the hormone-like FGF subfamily, is primarily expressed in osteocytes/osteoblasts. This polypeptide decreases serum phosphate levels by inhibiting renal phosphate reabsorption and vitamin D3 activation, resulting in mineralization defects in the bone. Thus, FGFs are involved in the positive and negative regulation of bone formation. In this review, we focus on the reciprocal roles of FGFs in bone formation in relation to their local versus systemic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Takei
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Tomoko Minamizaki
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
| | - Yuji Yoshiko
- Department of Calcified Tissue Biology, Hiroshima University Institute of Biomedical & Health Sciences, 1-2-3 Kasumi Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8553, Japan
- *Yuji Yoshiko:
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Bouleftour W, Boudiffa M, Wade-Gueye NM, Bouët G, Cardelli M, Laroche N, Vanden-Bossche A, Thomas M, Bonnelye E, Aubin JE, Vico L, Lafage-Proust MH, Malaval L. Skeletal development of mice lacking bone sialoprotein (BSP)--impairment of long bone growth and progressive establishment of high trabecular bone mass. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95144. [PMID: 24816232 PMCID: PMC4015893 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Adult Ibsp-knockout mice (BSP−/−) display shorter stature, lower bone turnover and higher trabecular bone mass than wild type, the latter resulting from impaired bone resorption. Unexpectedly, BSP knockout also affects reproductive behavior, as female mice do not construct a proper "nest" for their offsprings. Multiple crossing experiments nonetheless indicated that the shorter stature and lower weight of BSP−/− mice, since birth and throughout life, as well as their shorter femur and tibia bones are independent of the genotype of the mothers, and thus reflect genetic inheritance. In BSP−/− newborns, µCT analysis revealed a delay in membranous primary ossification, with wider cranial sutures, as well as thinner femoral cortical bone and lower tissue mineral density, reflected in lower expression of bone formation markers. However, trabecular bone volume and osteoclast parameters of long bones do not differ between genotypes. Three weeks after birth, osteoclast number and surface drop in the mutants, concomitant with trabecular bone accumulation. The growth plates present a thinner hypertrophic zone in newborns with lower whole bone expression of IGF-1 and higher IHH in 6 days old BSP−/− mice. At 3 weeks the proliferating zone is thinner and the hypertrophic zone thicker in BSP−/− than in BSP+/+ mice of either sex, maybe reflecting a combination of lower chondrocyte proliferation and impaired cartilage resorption. Six days old BSP−/− mice display lower osteoblast marker expression but higher MEPE and higher osteopontin(Opn)/Runx2 ratio. Serum Opn is higher in mutants at day 6 and in adults. Thus, lack of BSP alters long bone growth and membranous/cortical primary bone formation and mineralization. Endochondral development is however normal in mutant mice and the accumulation of trabecular bone observed in adults develops progressively in the weeks following birth. Compensatory high Opn may allow normal endochondral development in BSP−/− mice, while impairing primary mineralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wafa Bouleftour
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Maya Boudiffa
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Ndeye Marième Wade-Gueye
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Guénaëlle Bouët
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marco Cardelli
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norbert Laroche
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Arnaud Vanden-Bossche
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Mireille Thomas
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Edith Bonnelye
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1033, Université de Lyon - Université Claude Bernard, Lyon, France
| | - Jane E. Aubin
- Dept. of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Laurence Vico
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Marie Hélène Lafage-Proust
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Luc Malaval
- Laboratoire de Biologie du Tissu Osseux and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale - U1059, Université de Lyon - Université Jean Monnet, Saint-Etienne, France
- * E-mail:
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8
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Solomon G, Atkins A, Shahar R, Gertler A, Monsonego-Ornan E. Effect of peripherally administered leptin antagonist on whole body metabolism and bone microarchitecture and biomechanical properties in the mouse. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2014; 306:E14-27. [PMID: 24169045 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00155.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptin's in vivo effect on the rodent skeleton depends on the model used and the mode of administration. Superactive mouse leptin antagonist (SMLA) was produced and then pegylated (PEG) to prolong and enhance its in vivo activity. We blocked leptin signaling by injecting this antagonist peripherally into normal mice at various time points and studied their metabolic and skeletal phenotypes. Subcutaneous PEG-SMLA injections into 4-wk-old female C57BL/6J mice increased weight gain and food consumption significantly after only 1 mo, and the effect lasted for the 3 mo of the experiment, proving its central inhibiting activity. Mice showed a significant increase in serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, and HOMA-IR throughout the experiment. Quantification of gene expression in "metabolic" tissues also indicated the development of insulin resistance. Bone analyses revealed a significant increase in trabecular and cortical parameters measured in both the lumbar vertebrae and tibiae in PEG-SMLA-treated mice in the 1st and 3rd months as well as a significant increase in tibia biomechanical parameters. Interestingly, 30 days of treatment with the antagonist in older mice (aged 3 and 6 mo) affected body weight and eating behavior, just as they had in the 1-mo-old mice, but had no effect on bone parameters, suggesting that leptin's effect on bones, either directly or through its obesogenic effect, is dependent upon stage of skeletal development. This potent and reversible antagonist enabled us to study leptin's in vivo role in whole body and bone metabolism and holds potential for future therapeutic use in diseases involving leptin signaling.
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Ono K, Karolak MR, Ndong JDLC, Wang W, Yang X, Elefteriou F. The ras-GTPase activity of neurofibromin restrains ERK-dependent FGFR signaling during endochondral bone formation. Hum Mol Genet 2013; 22:3048-62. [PMID: 23571107 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddt162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The severe defects in growth plate development caused by chondrocyte extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) gain or loss-of-function suggest that tight spatial and temporal regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is necessary to achieve harmonious growth plate elongation and structure. We provide here evidence that neurofibromin, via its Ras guanosine triphosphatase -activating activity, controls ERK1/2-dependent fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling in chondrocytes. We show first that neurofibromin is expressed in FGFR-positive prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes during growth plate endochondral ossification. Using mice lacking neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) in type II collagen-expressing cells, (Nf1col2(-/-) mutant mice), we then show that lack of neurofibromin in post-mitotic chondrocytes triggers a number of phenotypes reminiscent of the ones observed in mice characterized by FGFR gain-of-function mutations. Those include dwarfism, constitutive ERK1/2 activation, strongly reduced Ihh expression and decreased chondrocyte proliferation and maturation, increased chondrocytic expression of Rankl, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (Mmp9) and Mmp13 and enhanced growth plate osteoclastogenesis, as well as increased sensitivity to caspase-9 mediated apoptosis. Using wildtype (WT) and Nf1(-/-) chondrocyte cultures in vitro, we show that FGF2 pulse-stimulation triggers rapid ERK1/2 phosphorylation in both genotypes, but that return to the basal level is delayed in Nf1(-/-) chondrocytes. Importantly, in vivo ERK1/2 inhibition by daily injection of a recombinant form of C-type natriuretic peptide to post-natal pups for 18 days was able to correct the short stature of Nf1col2(-/-) mice. Together, these results underscore the requirement of neurofibromin and ERK1/2 for normal endochondral bone formation and support the notion that neurofibromin, by restraining RAS-ERK1/2 signaling, is a negative regulator of FGFR signaling in differentiating chondrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Ono
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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Wójcik E, Andraszek K, Ciszewska M, Smalec E. Sister chromatid exchange as an index of chromosome instability in chondrodystrophic chickens (Gallus domesticus). Poult Sci 2013; 92:84-9. [DOI: 10.3382/ps.2012-02564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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11
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Monsonego-Ornan E, Kosonovsky J, Bar A, Roth L, Fraggi-Rankis V, Simsa S, Kohl A, Sela-Donenfeld D. Matrix metalloproteinase 9/gelatinase B is required for neural crest cell migration. Dev Biol 2012; 364:162-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2012.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2011] [Revised: 01/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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12
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Smith TD, Rossie JB, Cooper GM, Durham EL, Schmeig RM, Docherty BA, Bonar CJ, Burrows AM. Microanatomical variation of the nasal capsular cartilage in newborn primates. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2012; 295:950-60. [PMID: 22454105 DOI: 10.1002/ar.22448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The breakdown of nasal capsule cartilage precedes secondary pneumatic expansion of the paranasal sinuses. Recent work indicates the nasal capsule of monkeys undergoes different ontogenetic transformations regionally (i.e., ossification, persistence as cartilage, or resorption). This study assesses nasal capsule morphology at the perinatal age in a taxonomically broad sample of non-human primates. Using traditional histochemical methods, osteopontin immunohistochemistry and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase procedure, the cartilage of the lateral nasal wall (LNC) was studied. At birth, matrix properties differ between portions of the LNC that ultimately form elements of the ethmoid bone and regions of the LNC that have no postnatal (descendant) structure. The extent of cartilage that remains in the paranasal parts of the LNC varies among species. It is fragmented in species with the greatest extent of maxillary and/or frontal pneumatic expansion. Conversely, greater continuity of the LNC is noted in newborns of species that lack maxillary and/or frontal sinuses as adults. Chondroclasts occur adjacent to elements of the ethmoid bone, along the margin of the nasal tectum, and/or along islands of cartilage that bear no signs of ossification. Chondroclasts are prevalent along remnants of the paranasal LNC in tamarin species (Leontopithecus, Saguinus), which have extensive frontal and maxillary bone pneumatization. Taken together, the morphological observations indicate that the localized loss of cartilage might be considered a critical event at the onset of secondary pneumatization, facilitated by rapid recruitment of chondro-/osteoclasts, possibly occurring simultaneously in cartilage and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy D Smith
- School of Physical Therapy, Slippery Rock University, Pennsylvania, USA.
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13
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Mugniery E, Dacquin R, Marty C, Benoist-Lasselin C, de Vernejoul MC, Jurdic P, Munnich A, Geoffroy V, Legeai-Mallet L. An activating Fgfr3 mutation affects trabecular bone formation via a paracrine mechanism during growth. Hum Mol Genet 2012; 21:2503-13. [PMID: 22367969 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/dds065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) plays a critical role in the regulation of endochondral ossification. Fgfr3 gain-of-function mutations cause achondroplasia, the most common form of dwarfism, and a spectrum of chondrodysplasias. Despite a significant number of studies on the role of FGFR3 in cartilage, to date, none has investigated the influence of Fgfr3-mediated effects of the growth plate on bone formation. We studied three mouse models, each expressing Fgfr3 mutation either ubiquitously (CMV-Fgfr3(Y367C/+)), in chondrocytes (Col II-Fgfr3(Y367C/+)) or in mature osteoblasts (Col I-Fgfr3(Y367C/+)). Interestingly, we demonstrated that dwarfism with a significant defect in bone formation during growth was only observed in mouse models expressing mutant Fgfr3 in the cartilage. We observed a dramatic reduction in cartilage matrix mineralization and a strong defect of primary spongiosa. Anomalies of primary spongiosa were associated with an increase in osteoclast recruitment and a defect of osteoblasts at the mineralization front. A significant decrease in bone volume, trabecular thickness and number was also observed in the trabecular bone. Interestingly, no anomalies in proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts from CMV-Fgfr3(Y367C/+) mice were observed. Based on these data, we excluded a potential function of Fgfr3 directly on osteoblasts at 3 weeks of age and we obtained evidence that the disorganization of the growth plate is responsible for the anomalies of the trabecular bone during bone formation. Herein, we propose that impaired FGFR3 signaling pathways may affect trabecular bone formation via a paracrine mechanism during growth. These results redefine our understanding of endochondral ossification in FGFR3-related chondrodysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Mugniery
- INSERM U781, Universite´ Paris Descartes, Hoˆ pital Necker-Enfants Malades, 75015 Paris, France
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Foldynova-Trantirkova S, Wilcox WR, Krejci P. Sixteen years and counting: the current understanding of fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) signaling in skeletal dysplasias. Hum Mutat 2011; 33:29-41. [PMID: 22045636 DOI: 10.1002/humu.21636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 09/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In 1994, the field of bone biology was significantly advanced by the discovery that activating mutations in the fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR3) receptor tyrosine kinase (TK) account for the common genetic form of dwarfism in humans, achondroplasia (ACH). Other conditions soon followed, with the list of human disorders caused by FGFR3 mutations now reaching at least 10. An array of vastly different diagnoses is caused by similar mutations in FGFR3, including syndromes affecting skeletal development (hypochondroplasia [HCH], ACH, thanatophoric dysplasia [TD]), skin (epidermal nevi, seborrhaeic keratosis, acanthosis nigricans), and cancer (multiple myeloma [MM], prostate and bladder carcinoma, seminoma). Despite many years of research, several aspects of FGFR3 function in disease remain obscure or controversial. As FGFR3-related skeletal dysplasias are caused by growth attenuation of the cartilage, chondrocytes appear to be unique in their response to FGFR3 activation. However, the reasons why FGFR3 inhibits chondrocyte growth while causing excessive cellular proliferation in cancer are not clear. Likewise, the full spectrum of molecular events by which FGFR3 mediates its signaling is just beginning to emerge. This article describes the challenging journey to unravel the mechanisms of FGFR3 function in skeletal dysplasias, the extraordinary cellular manifestations of FGFR3 signaling in chondrocytes, and finally, the progress toward therapy for ACH and cancer.
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Nagata M, Nuckolls GH, Wang X, Shum L, Seki Y, Kawase T, Takahashi K, Nonaka K, Takahashi I, Noman AA, Suzuki K, Slavkin HC. The primary site of the acrocephalic feature in Apert Syndrome is a dwarf cranial base with accelerated chondrocytic differentiation due to aberrant activation of the FGFR2 signaling. Bone 2011; 48:847-56. [PMID: 21129456 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Revised: 11/12/2010] [Accepted: 11/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Activation of osteoblastic bone anabolism in the calvarial sutures is considered to be the essential pathologic condition underlying mutant FGFR2-related craniofacial dysostosis. However, early clinical investigations indicated that abnormal cartilage development in the cranial base was rather a primary site of abnormal feature in Apert Syndrome (AS). To examine the significance of cartilaginous growth of the cranial base in AS, we generated a transgenic mouse bearing AS-type mutant Fgfr2IIIc under the control of the Col2a1 promoter-enhancer (Fgfr2IIIc(P253R) mouse). Despite the lacking expression of Fgfr2IIIc(P253R) in osteoblasts, exclusive disruption of chondrocytic differentiation and growth reproduced AS-like acrocephaly accompanied by short anterior cranial base with fusion of the cranial base synchondroses, maxillary hypoplasia and synostosis of the calvarial sutures with no significant abnormalities in the trunk and extremities. Gene expression analyses demonstrated upregulation of p21, Ihh and Mmp-13 accompanied by modest increase in expression of Sox9 and Runx2, indicating acceleration of chondrocytic maturation and hypertrophy in the cranial base of the Fgfr2IIIc(P253R) mice. Furthermore, an acquired affinity and specificity of mutant FGFR2IIIc(P253R) receptor with FGF2 and FGF10 is suggested as a mechanism of activation of FGFR2 signaling selectively in the cranial base. In this report, we strongly suggest that the acrocephalic feature of AS is not alone a result of the coronal suture synostosis, but is a result of the primary disturbance in growth of the cranial base with precocious endochondral ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Nagata
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Gakkocho-dori 2-5274, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
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16
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Challa TD, Rais Y, Ornan EM. Effect of adiponectin on ATDC5 proliferation, differentiation and signaling pathways. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 323:282-91. [PMID: 20380870 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2010] [Revised: 03/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an adipose-secreted adipocytokine, exhibits various metabolic functions but has no known effect on bone development through the growth plate and specifically, in chondrocytes. Using the mouse ATDC5 cell line, a widely used in vitro model of chondrogenesis, we demonstrated the expression of adiponectin and its receptors during chondrogenic differentiation. Adiponectin at 0.5mug/ml increased chondrocyte proliferation, proteoglycan synthesis and matrix mineralization, as reflected by upregulation of the expression of type II collagen, aggrecan, Runx2 and type X collagen, and of alkaline phosphatase activity. Quantitative RT-PCR and gelatin zymography showed a significant increase in the matrix metalloproteinase MMP9's expression and activity following adiponectin treatment. We therefore concluded that adiponectin can directly stimulate chondrocyte proliferation and differentiation. To evaluate the underlying mechanisms, we examined the effect of adiponectin on the expression of chondrogenic signaling molecules: Ihh, PTHrP, Ptc1, FGF18, BMP7, IGF1 and p21 were all upregulated while FGF9 was downregulated. This study reveals novel and direct activity of adiponectin in chondrocytes, suggesting its positive effects on bone development.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Delessa Challa
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University, Israel
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James CG, Stanton LA, Agoston H, Ulici V, Underhill TM, Beier F. Genome-wide analyses of gene expression during mouse endochondral ossification. PLoS One 2010; 5:e8693. [PMID: 20084171 PMCID: PMC2805713 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0008693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Endochondral ossification is a complex process involving a series of events that are initiated by the establishment of a chondrogenic template and culminate in its replacement through the coordinated activity of osteoblasts, osteoclasts and endothelial cells. Comprehensive analyses of in vivo gene expression profiles during these processes are essential to obtain a complete understanding of the regulatory mechanisms involved. Methodology/Principal Findings To address these issues, we completed a microarray screen of three zones derived from manually segmented embryonic mouse tibiae. Classification of genes differentially expressed between each respective zone, functional categorization as well as characterization of gene expression patterns, cytogenetic loci, signaling pathways and functional motifs both confirmed reported data and provided novel insights into endochondral ossification. Parallel comparisons of the microdissected tibiae data set with our previously completed micromass culture screen further corroborated the suitability of micromass cultures for modeling gene expression in chondrocyte development. The micromass culture system demonstrated striking similarities to the in vivo microdissected tibiae screen; however, the micromass system was unable to accurately distinguish gene expression differences in the hypertrophic and mineralized zones of the tibia. Conclusions/Significance These studies allow us to better understand gene expression patterns in the growth plate and endochondral bones and provide an important technical resource for comparison of gene expression in diseased or experimentally-manipulated cartilages. Ultimately, this work will help to define the genomic context in which genes are expressed in long bones and to understand physiological and pathological ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudine G. James
- CIHR Group in Skeletal Development and Remodelling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lee-Anne Stanton
- CIHR Group in Skeletal Development and Remodelling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Hanga Agoston
- CIHR Group in Skeletal Development and Remodelling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Veronica Ulici
- CIHR Group in Skeletal Development and Remodelling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- * E-mail: (VU); (FB)
| | - T. Michael Underhill
- Department of Cellular and Physiological Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Frank Beier
- CIHR Group in Skeletal Development and Remodelling, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
- * E-mail: (VU); (FB)
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Reich A, Maziel SS, Ashkenazi Z, Ornan EM. Involvement of matrix metalloproteinases in the growth plate response to physiological mechanical load. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2010; 108:172-80. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00821.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes from the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family play a crucial role in growth-plate vascularization and ossification via proteolytic cleavage and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Their regulation in the growth plate is crucial for normal matrix assembly. Endochondral ossification, which takes place at the growth plates, is influenced by mechanical loading. Using an in vivo avian model for mechanical loading, we have found increased blood penetration into the growth plates of loaded chicks. The purpose of this work was to study the involvement of MMP-2, -3, -9, -13, and -16 in the growth plate's response to loading and in the catch-up growth resulting from load release. We found that mechanical loading, as well as release from load, upregulated MMP-2, -9, and -13 expressions. In contrast, MMP-3, associated with cartilage injuries, and its associated protein connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), were downregulated by the load. However, after release from load, MMP-3 was upregulated and CTGF levels were elevated and caught up with the control. MMP-3 and CTGF were also downregulated after 60 min of mechanical stretching in vitro. These results demonstrate the central role of MMPs in the growth plate's response to mechanical loading, as well as in the catch-up growth followed load release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adi Reich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Stav Simsa Maziel
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Ziv Ashkenazi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Efrat Monsonego Ornan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Nutrition, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, the Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
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19
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Vinatier C, Bouffi C, Merceron C, Gordeladze J, Brondello JM, Jorgensen C, Weiss P, Guicheux J, Noël D. Cartilage tissue engineering: towards a biomaterial-assisted mesenchymal stem cell therapy. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2009; 4:318-29. [PMID: 19804369 DOI: 10.2174/157488809789649205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Injuries to articular cartilage are one of the most challenging issues of musculoskeletal medicine due to the poor intrinsic ability of this tissue for repair. Despite progress in orthopaedic surgery, the lack of efficient modalities of treatment for large chondral defects has prompted research on tissue engineering combining chondrogenic cells, scaffold materials and environmental factors. The aim of this review is to focus on the recent advances made in exploiting the potentials of cell therapy for cartilage engineering. These include: 1) defining the best cell candidates between chondrocytes or multipotent progenitor cells, such as multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), in terms of readily available sources for isolation, expansion and repair potential; 2) engineering biocompatible and biodegradable natural or artificial matrix scaffolds as cell carriers, chondrogenic factors releasing factories and supports for defect filling, 3) identifying more specific growth factors and the appropriate scheme of application that will promote both chondrogenic differentiation and then maintain the differentiated phenotype overtime and 4) evaluating the optimal combinations that will answer to the functional demand placed upon cartilage tissue replacement in animal models and in clinics. Finally, some of the major obstacles generally encountered in cartilage engineering are discussed as well as future trends to overcome these limiting issues for clinical applications.
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20
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Vinatier C, Mrugala D, Jorgensen C, Guicheux J, Noël D. Cartilage engineering: a crucial combination of cells, biomaterials and biofactors. Trends Biotechnol 2009; 27:307-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 353] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2008] [Revised: 02/09/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Smith TD, Rossie JB, Docherty BA, Cooper GM, Bonar CJ, Silverio AL, Burrows AM. Fate of the Nasal Capsular Cartilages in Prenatal and Perinatal Tamarins (Saguinus geoffroyi) and Extent of Secondary Pneumatization of Maxillary and Frontal Sinuses. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 2008; 291:1397-413. [DOI: 10.1002/ar.20787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Behonick DJ, Xing Z, Lieu S, Buckley JM, Lotz JC, Marcucio RS, Werb Z, Miclau T, Colnot C. Role of matrix metalloproteinase 13 in both endochondral and intramembranous ossification during skeletal regeneration. PLoS One 2007; 2:e1150. [PMID: 17987127 PMCID: PMC2063465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2007] [Accepted: 10/07/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is important during bone development and repair. Because matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13, collagenase-3) plays a role in long bone development, we have examined its role during adult skeletal repair. In this study we find that MMP13 is expressed by hypertrophic chondrocytes and osteoblasts in the fracture callus. We demonstrate that MMP13 is required for proper resorption of hypertrophic cartilage and for normal bone remodeling during non-stabilized fracture healing, which occurs via endochondral ossification. However, no difference in callus strength was detected in the absence of MMP13. Transplant of wild-type bone marrow, which reconstitutes cells only of the hematopoietic lineage, did not rescue the endochondral repair defect, indicating that impaired healing in Mmp13−/− mice is intrinsic to cartilage and bone. Mmp13−/− mice also exhibited altered bone remodeling during healing of stabilized fractures and cortical defects via intramembranous ossification. This indicates that the bone phenotype occurs independently from the cartilage phenotype. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that MMP13 is involved in normal remodeling of bone and cartilage during adult skeletal repair, and that MMP13 may act directly in the initial stages of ECM degradation in these tissues prior to invasion of blood vessels and osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle J. Behonick
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zhiqing Xing
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Shirley Lieu
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jenni M. Buckley
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey C. Lotz
- Orthopaedic Bioengineering Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Ralph S. Marcucio
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Zena Werb
- Department of Anatomy and Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Theodore Miclau
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Céline Colnot
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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23
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Simsa S, Hasdai A, Dan H, Ornan EM. Differential regulation of MMPs and matrix assembly in chicken and turkey growth-plate chondrocytes. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 292:R2216-24. [PMID: 17332158 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00864.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in growth-plate vascularization and ossification by processes involving proteolytic cleavage and remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Their regulation in the growth plate is crucial for normal vs. impaired matrix assembly. Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD), a prevalent skeletal abnormality in avian species, is characterized by the formation of a nonvascularized, nonmineralized plaque in the growth plate. Here, we show differential regulation of MMPs in cultured chondrocytes from chickens and turkeys; retinoic acid (RA) elevated MMP-2 activity in both species, but only in chicken did it induce MMP-9 activity. In contrast, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) treatment induced MMP-9 activity in turkey chondrocytes but not in those of chicken. Moreover, we found different developmental patterns of TD in chickens and turkeys in-vivo as lower concentrations of, and shorter exposure to thiram were required in chicken than in turkey for TD induction. Growth-plate cartilage taken from thiram-induced lesions had lower gelatinolytic and caseinolytic activities compared with normal cartilage. Likewise, thiram reduced MMP-2 and MMP-13 activity in both chicken and turkey chondrocytes in vitro, although 10-fold higher concentrations were required for this effect in the latter. Finally, the combined treatments of RA or PMA with thiram induced MMP-9 activity in turkey but not in chicken chondrocytes. Furthermore, RA combined with thiram synergistically upregulated its activity in turkey but not chicken chondrocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that mechanisms of MMP regulation differ in the growth plates of these closely related avian species, resulting in altered matrix assembly as exemplified by TD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stav Simsa
- Department of Biochemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, The Hebrew University, Israel
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24
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Ben-Zvi T, Yayon A, Gertler A, Monsonego-Ornan E. Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) 1 and SOCS3 interact with and modulate fibroblast growth factor receptor signaling. J Cell Sci 2006; 119:380-7. [PMID: 16410555 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.02740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling is transduced by the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade and the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). Suppressors of cytokine signaling (SOCS) proteins are expressed in response to cytokine-inducible stimulation of STAT phosphorylation, acting in a negative-feedback mechanism to hinder the activities of these receptors. However, there are no data concerning the role of SOCS proteins in the regulation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signaling. In the present study, we show that activation of FGFR in chondrocytes induces the expression of SOCS1 and SOCS3 mRNA, and that these proteins are constitutively associated with FGFR3, as demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation studies. Transfection of cells with FGFR3-GFP and SOCS1-CFP revealed their colocalization, clustered prominently in the perinuclear cytosolic part of the cell. The effect of the interaction between FGFR3 and SOCS1 on receptor activity was investigated in a chondrocytic cell line overexpressing SOCS1. In these cells, STAT1 phosphorylation is repressed, MAPK phosphorylation is elevated and prolonged, and FGFR3 downregulation is attenuated. Expression of osteopontin (OPN), which is directly upregulated by FGF in chondrocytes, was stimulated by lower levels of FGF in cells expressing SOCS1 compared with parental cells. Blocking of MAPK phosphorylation by PD98059 decreased OPN expression in both cell types, but this decrease was more marked in cells expressing SOCS1. The presented results suggest a novel interaction between the SOCS1 and SOCS3 proteins and the FGFR3 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tal Ben-Zvi
- Institute of Animal Science, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel
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