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Czarnecka-Herok J, Zhu K, Flaman JM, Goehrig D, Vernier M, Makulyte G, Lamboux A, Dragic H, Rhinn M, Médard JJ, Faury G, Bertolino P, Balter V, Debret R, Adnot S, Martin N, Bernard D. A non-canonical role of ELN protects from cellular senescence by limiting iron-dependent regulation of gene expression. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103204. [PMID: 38810421 PMCID: PMC11167390 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
The ELN gene encodes tropoelastin which is used to generate elastic fibers that insure proper tissue elasticity. Decreased amounts of elastic fibers and/or accumulation of bioactive products of their cleavage, named elastokines, are thought to contribute to aging. Cellular senescence, characterized by a stable proliferation arrest and by the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP), increases with aging, fostering the onset and progression of age-related diseases and overall aging, and has so far never been linked with elastin. Here, we identified that decrease in ELN either by siRNA in normal human fibroblasts or by knockout in mouse embryonic fibroblasts results in premature senescence. Surprisingly this effect is independent of elastic fiber degradation or elastokines production, but it relies on the rapid increase in HMOX1 after ELN downregulation. Moreover, the induction of HMOX1 depends on p53 and NRF2 transcription factors, and leads to an increase in iron, further mediating ELN downregulation-induced senescence. Screening of iron-dependent DNA and histones demethylases revealed a role for histone PHF8 demethylase in mediating ELN downregulation-induced senescence. Collectively, these results unveil a role for ELN in protecting cells from cellular senescence through a non-canonical mechanism involving a ROS/HMOX1/iron accumulation/PHF8 histone demethylase pathway reprogramming gene expression towards a senescence program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Czarnecka-Herok
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Kexin Zhu
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Jean-Michel Flaman
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Delphine Goehrig
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mathieu Vernier
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Gabriela Makulyte
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Aline Lamboux
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnements, CNRS UMR 5276, Ecole Normale supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Helena Dragic
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Muriel Rhinn
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U1258, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, 67404, France
| | - Jean-Jacques Médard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Gilles Faury
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, CHU Grenoble Alpes, HP2, Inserm U1300, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Philippe Bertolino
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent Balter
- Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon: Terre, Planètes, Environnements, CNRS UMR 5276, Ecole Normale supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Romain Debret
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tissulaire et Ingénierie Thérapeutique, UMR5305 CNRS/ Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 7 passage du Vercors, 69007, Lyon, France
| | - Serge Adnot
- Inserm U955, Département de Physiologie - Explorations fonctionnelles, Hôpital Henri Mondor, AP-HP, FHU SENEC, Créteil, France; Institute of Lung Health, Justus Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nadine Martin
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - David Bernard
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France; Equipe Labellisée la Ligue Contre le Cancer, Lyon, France.
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2
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Neupane S, Williamson DB, Roth RA, Halabi CM, Haltiwanger RS, Holdener BC. Poglut2/3 double knockout in mice results in neonatal lethality with reduced levels of fibrillin in lung tissues. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107445. [PMID: 38844137 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibrillin microfibrils play a critical role in the formation of elastic fibers, tissue/organ development, and cardiopulmonary function. These microfibrils not only provide structural support and flexibility to tissues, but they also regulate growth factor signaling through a plethora of microfibril-binding proteins in the extracellular space. Mutations in fibrillins are associated with human diseases affecting cardiovascular, pulmonary, skeletal, and ocular systems. Fibrillins consist of up to 47 epidermal growth factor-like repeats, of which more than half are modified by protein O-glucosyltransferase 2 (POGLUT2) and/or POGLUT3. Loss of these modifications reduces secretion of N-terminal fibrillin constructs overexpressed in vitro. Here, we investigated the role of POGLUT2 and POGLUT3 in vivo using a Poglut2/3 double knockout (DKO) mouse model. Blocking O-glucosylation caused neonatal death with skeletal, pulmonary, and eye defects reminiscent of fibrillin/elastin mutations. Proteomic analyses of DKO dermal fibroblast medium and extracellular matrix provided evidence that fibrillins were more sensitive to loss of O-glucose compared to other POGLUT2/3 substrates. This conclusion was supported by immunofluorescent analyses of late gestation DKO lungs where FBN levels were reduced and microfibrils appeared fragmented in the pulmonary arteries and veins, bronchioles, and developing saccules. Defects in fibrillin microfibrils likely contributed to impaired elastic fiber formation and histological changes observed in DKO lung blood vessels, bronchioles, and saccules. Collectively, these results highlight the importance of POGLUT2/3-mediated O-glucosylation in vivo and open the possibility that O-glucose modifications on fibrillin influence microfibril assembly and or protein interactions in the ECM environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjiv Neupane
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Daniel B Williamson
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Robyn A Roth
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Carmen M Halabi
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Robert S Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA.
| | - Bernadette C Holdener
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA.
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3
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Paget TL, Larcombe AN, Pinniger GJ, Tsioutsias I, Schneider JP, Parkinson-Lawrence EJ, Orgeig S. Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS IIIA) mice have increased lung compliance and airway resistance, decreased diaphragm strength, and no change in alveolar structure. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L713-L726. [PMID: 38469649 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00445.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) is characterized by neurological and skeletal pathologies caused by reduced activity of the lysosomal hydrolase, sulfamidase, and the subsequent primary accumulation of undegraded heparan sulfate (HS). Respiratory pathology is considered secondary in MPS IIIA and the mechanisms are not well understood. Changes in the amount, metabolism, and function of pulmonary surfactant, the substance that regulates alveolar interfacial surface tension and modulates lung compliance and elastance, have been reported in MPS IIIA mice. Here we investigated changes in lung function in 20-wk-old control and MPS IIIA mice with a closed and open thoracic cage, diaphragm contractile properties, and potential parenchymal remodeling. MPS IIIA mice had increased compliance and airway resistance and reduced tissue damping and elastance compared with control mice. The chest wall impacted lung function as observed by an increase in airway resistance and a decrease in peripheral energy dissipation in the open compared with the closed thoracic cage state in MPS IIIA mice. Diaphragm contractile forces showed a decrease in peak twitch force, maximum specific force, and the force-frequency relationship but no change in muscle fiber cross-sectional area in MPS IIIA mice compared with control mice. Design-based stereology did not reveal any parenchymal remodeling or destruction of alveolar septa in the MPS IIIA mouse lung. In conclusion, the increased storage of HS which leads to biochemical and biophysical changes in pulmonary surfactant also affects lung and diaphragm function, but has no impact on lung or diaphragm structure at this stage of the disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Heparan sulfate storage in the lungs of mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA (MPS IIIA) mice leads to changes in lung function consistent with those of an obstructive lung disease and includes an increase in lung compliance and airway resistance and a decrease in tissue elastance. In addition, diaphragm muscle contractile strength is reduced, potentially further contributing to lung function impairment. However, no changes in parenchymal lung structure were observed in mice at 20 wk of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara L Paget
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Concentration, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alexander N Larcombe
- Respiratory Environmental Health, Wal-yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Occupation, Environment & Safety, School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gavin J Pinniger
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Irene Tsioutsias
- School of Human Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jan Philipp Schneider
- Hannover Medical School, Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover, Germany
- Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emma J Parkinson-Lawrence
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Concentration, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandra Orgeig
- Mechanisms in Cell Biology and Diseases Research Concentration, Clinical & Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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4
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Wozny MR, Nelea V, Siddiqui IFS, Wanga S, de Waard V, Strauss M, Reinhardt DP. Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 forms octamers that mediate interactions with elastogenic proteins and cells. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4015. [PMID: 38740766 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-48377-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Microfibril-associated glycoprotein 4 (MFAP4) is a 36-kDa extracellular matrix glycoprotein with critical roles in organ fibrosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cardiovascular disorders, including aortic aneurysms. MFAP4 multimerises and interacts with elastogenic proteins, including fibrillin-1 and tropoelastin, and with cells via integrins. Structural details of MFAP4 and its potential interfaces for these interactions are unknown. Here, we present a cryo-electron microscopy structure of human MFAP4. In the presence of calcium, MFAP4 assembles as an octamer, where two sets of homodimers constitute the top and bottom halves of each octamer. Each homodimer is linked together by an intermolecular disulphide bond. A C34S missense mutation prevents disulphide-bond formation between monomers but does not prevent octamer assembly. The atomic model, built into the 3.55 Å cryo-EM map, suggests that salt-bridge interactions mediate homodimer assembly, while non-polar residues form the interface between octamer halves. In the absence of calcium, an MFAP4 octamer dissociates into two tetramers. Binding studies with fibrillin-1, tropoelastin, LTBP4, and small fibulins show that MFAP4 has multiple surfaces for protein-protein interactions, most of which depend upon MFAP4 octamer assembly. The C34S mutation does not affect these protein interactions or cell interactions. MFAP4 assemblies with fibrillin-1 abrogate MFAP4 interactions with cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Wozny
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Valentin Nelea
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Shaynah Wanga
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian de Waard
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Medical Biochemistry, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mike Strauss
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Dieter P Reinhardt
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada.
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5
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DeBoer EM, Wolter-Warmerdam K, Deterding RR, Marmolejo J, Blumenthal T, Espinosa JM, Hickey F, Wagner BD. Cardiopulmonary Phenotypes and Protein Signatures in Children With Down Syndrome. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2024; 63:474-481. [PMID: 37306037 PMCID: PMC11060669 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231179453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary disease, lower respiratory tract infection, and pneumonia are the largest causes of morbidity and mortality in individuals with Down syndrome (DS), but whether pulmonary diagnoses in children with DS are common and occur independently of cardiac disease and pulmonary hypertension (PH) is unknown. Cardiopulmonary phenotypes were examined in a cohort of 1248 children with DS. Aptamer-based proteomic analysis of blood was performed in a subset (n = 120) of these children. By the age of 10 years, half of the patients in this cohort (n = 634, 50.8%) had co-occurring pulmonary diagnoses. That proteins and related pathways were distinct between children with pulmonary diagnoses and those with cardiac disease and/or PH may indicate that pulmonary diagnoses appear to occur independently of cardiac disease and PH. Heparin sulfate-glycosaminoglycandegradation, nicotinate metabolism, and elastic fiber formation were ranked highest in the group with pulmonary diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily M. DeBoer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Robin R. Deterding
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | | | - Tom Blumenthal
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Joaquin M. Espinosa
- Linda Crnic Institute for Down Syndrome, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Francis Hickey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brandie D. Wagner
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Children’s Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Biostatistics & Informatics, University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, CO, USA
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6
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Chaudhry FN, Michki NS, Shirmer DL, McGrath-Morrow S, Young LR, Frank DB, Zepp JA. Dynamic Hippo pathway activity underlies mesenchymal differentiation during lung alveolar morphogenesis. Development 2024; 151:dev202430. [PMID: 38602485 PMCID: PMC11112347 DOI: 10.1242/dev.202430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Alveologenesis, the final stage in lung development, substantially remodels the distal lung, expanding the alveolar surface area for efficient gas exchange. Secondary crest myofibroblasts (SCMF) exist transiently in the neonatal distal lung and are crucial for alveologenesis. However, the pathways that regulate SCMF function, proliferation and temporal identity remain poorly understood. To address this, we purified SCMFs from reporter mice, performed bulk RNA-seq and found dynamic changes in Hippo-signaling components during alveologenesis. We deleted the Hippo effectors Yap/Taz from Acta2-expressing cells at the onset of alveologenesis, causing a significant arrest in alveolar development. Using single cell RNA-seq, we identified a distinct cluster of cells in mutant lungs with altered expression of marker genes associated with proximal mesenchymal cell types, airway smooth muscle and alveolar duct myofibroblasts. In vitro studies confirmed that Yap/Taz regulates myofibroblast-associated gene signature and contractility. Together, our findings show that Yap/Taz is essential for maintaining functional myofibroblast identity during postnatal alveologenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima N. Chaudhry
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Nigel S. Michki
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Dain L. Shirmer
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sharon McGrath-Morrow
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lisa R. Young
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David B. Frank
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jarod A. Zepp
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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7
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Guo B, Sun Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zheng Y, Xu S, Yang G, Ren W. Evolutionary genetics of pulmonary anatomical adaptations in deep-diving cetaceans. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:339. [PMID: 38575860 PMCID: PMC10993460 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10263-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cetaceans, having experienced prolonged adaptation to aquatic environments, have undergone evolutionary changes in their respiratory systems. This process of evolution has resulted in the emergence of distinctive phenotypic traits, notably the abundance of elastic fibers and thickened alveolar walls in their lungs, which may facilitate alveolar collapse during diving. This structure helps selective exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, while minimizing nitrogen exchange, thereby reducing the risk of DCS. Nevertheless, the scientific inquiry into the mechanisms through which these unique phenotypic characteristics govern the diving behavior of marine mammals, including cetaceans, remains unresolved. RESULTS This study entails an evolutionary analysis of 42 genes associated with pulmonary fibrosis across 45 mammalian species. Twenty-one genes in cetaceans exhibited accelerated evolution, featuring specific amino acid substitutions in 14 of them. Primarily linked to the development of the respiratory system and lung morphological construction, these genes play a crucial role. Moreover, among marine mammals, we identified eight genes undergoing positive selection, and the evolutionary rates of three genes significantly correlated with diving depth. Specifically, the SFTPC gene exhibited convergent amino acid substitutions. Through in vitro cellular experiments, we illustrated that convergent amino acid site mutations in SFTPC contribute positively to pulmonary fibrosis in marine mammals, and the presence of this phenotype can induce deep alveolar collapse during diving, thereby reducing the risk of DCS during diving. CONCLUSIONS The study unveils pivotal genetic signals in cetaceans and other marine mammals, arising through evolution. These genetic signals may influence lung characteristics in marine mammals and have been linked to a reduced risk of developing DCS. Moreover, the research serves as a valuable reference for delving deeper into human diving physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boxiong Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yixuan Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuehua Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Shixia Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenhua Ren
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioaffiliationersity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, 210023, Nanjing, China.
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8
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Zhang K, Yao E, Aung T, Chuang PT. The alveolus: Our current knowledge of how the gas exchange unit of the lung is constructed and repaired. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 159:59-129. [PMID: 38729684 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
The mammalian lung completes its last step of development, alveologenesis, to generate sufficient surface area for gas exchange. In this process, multiple cell types that include alveolar epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts undergo coordinated cell proliferation, cell migration and/or contraction, cell shape changes, and cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions to produce the gas exchange unit: the alveolus. Full functioning of alveoli also involves immune cells and the lymphatic and autonomic nervous system. With the advent of lineage tracing, conditional gene inactivation, transcriptome analysis, live imaging, and lung organoids, our molecular understanding of alveologenesis has advanced significantly. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the constituents of the alveolus and the molecular pathways that control alveolar formation. We also discuss how insight into alveolar formation may inform us of alveolar repair/regeneration mechanisms following lung injury and the pathogenic processes that lead to loss of alveoli or tissue fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Erica Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Thin Aung
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Pao-Tien Chuang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States.
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9
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Azman Z, Vidinopoulos K, Somers A, Hooper SB, Zahra VA, Thiel AM, Galinsky R, Tran NT, Allison BJ, Polglase GR. In utero ventilation induces lung parenchymal and vascular alterations in extremely preterm fetal sheep. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L330-L343. [PMID: 38252635 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00249.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Extremely preterm infants are often exposed to long durations of mechanical ventilation to facilitate gas exchange, resulting in ventilation-induced lung injury (VILI). New lung protective strategies utilizing noninvasive ventilation or low tidal volumes are now common but have not reduced rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We aimed to determine the effect of 24 h of low tidal volume ventilation on the immature lung by ventilating preterm fetal sheep in utero. Preterm fetal sheep at 110 ± 1(SD) days' gestation underwent sterile surgery for instrumentation with a tracheal loop to enable in utero mechanical ventilation (IUV). At 112 ± 1 days' gestation, fetuses received either in utero mechanical ventilation (IUV, n = 10) targeting 3-5 mL/kg for 24 h, or no ventilation (CONT, n = 9). At necropsy, fetal lungs were collected to assess molecular and histological markers of lung inflammation and injury. IUV significantly increased lung mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) compared with CONT, and increased surfactant protein (SP)-A1, SP-B, and SP-C mRNA expression compared with CONT. IUV produced modest structural changes to the airways, including reduced parenchymal collagen and myofibroblast density. IUV increased pulmonary arteriole thickness compared with CONT but did not alter overall elastin or collagen content within the vasculature. In utero ventilation of an extremely preterm lung, even at low tidal volumes, induces lung inflammation and injury to the airways and vasculature. In utero ventilation may be an important model to isolate the confounding mechanisms of VILI to develop effective therapies for preterm infants requiring prolonged respiratory support.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Preterm infants often require prolonged respiratory support, but the relative contribution of ventilation to the development of lung injury is difficult to isolate. In utero mechanical ventilation allows for mechanistic investigations into ventilation-induced lung injury without confounding factors associated with sustaining extremely preterm lambs ex utero. Twenty-four hours of in utero ventilation, even at low tidal volumes, increased lung inflammation and surfactant protein expression and produced structural changes to the lung parenchyma and vasculature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahrah Azman
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kayla Vidinopoulos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ainsley Somers
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart B Hooper
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Valerie A Zahra
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison M Thiel
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert Galinsky
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nhi T Tran
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Beth J Allison
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Graeme R Polglase
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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10
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Serna Villa V, Ren X. Lung Progenitor and Stem Cell Transplantation as a Potential Regenerative Therapy for Lung Diseases. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00675. [PMID: 38416452 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases are debilitating illnesses ranking among the top causes of death globally. Currently, clinically available therapeutic options capable of curing chronic lung diseases are limited to lung transplantation, which is hindered by donor organ shortage. This highlights the urgent need for alternative strategies to repair damaged lung tissues. Stem cell transplantation has emerged as a promising avenue for regenerative treatment of the lung, which involves delivery of healthy lung epithelial progenitor cells that subsequently engraft in the injured tissue and further differentiate to reconstitute the functional respiratory epithelium. These transplanted progenitor cells possess the remarkable ability to self-renew, thereby offering the potential for sustained long-term treatment effects. Notably, the transplantation of basal cells, the airway stem cells, holds the promise for rehabilitating airway injuries resulting from environmental factors or genetic conditions such as cystic fibrosis. Similarly, for diseases affecting the alveoli, alveolar type II cells have garnered interest as a viable alveolar stem cell source for restoring the lung parenchyma from genetic or environmentally induced dysfunctions. Expanding upon these advancements, the use of induced pluripotent stem cells to derive lung progenitor cells for transplantation offers advantages such as scalability and patient specificity. In this review, we comprehensively explore the progress made in lung stem cell transplantation, providing insights into the current state of the field and its future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Serna Villa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA
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11
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Narasaraju T, Neeli I, Criswell SL, Krishnappa A, Meng W, Silva V, Bila G, Vovk V, Serhiy Z, Bowlin GL, Meyer N, Luning Prak ET, Radic M, Bilyy R. Neutrophil Activity and Extracellular Matrix Degradation: Drivers of Lung Tissue Destruction in Fatal COVID-19 Cases and Implications for Long COVID. Biomolecules 2024; 14:236. [PMID: 38397474 PMCID: PMC10886497 DOI: 10.3390/biom14020236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis, severe alveolitis, and the inability to restore alveolar epithelial architecture are primary causes of respiratory failure in fatal COVID-19 cases. However, the factors contributing to abnormal fibrosis in critically ill COVID-19 patients remain unclear. This study analyzed the histopathology of lung specimens from eight COVID-19 and six non-COVID-19 postmortems. We assessed the distribution and changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins, including elastin and collagen, in lung alveoli through morphometric analyses. Our findings reveal the significant degradation of elastin fibers along the thin alveolar walls of the lung parenchyma, a process that precedes the onset of interstitial collagen deposition and widespread intra-alveolar fibrosis. Lungs with collapsed alveoli and organized fibrotic regions showed extensive fragmentation of elastin fibers, accompanied by alveolar epithelial cell death. Immunoblotting of lung autopsy tissue extracts confirmed elastin degradation. Importantly, we found that the loss of elastin was strongly correlated with the induction of neutrophil elastase (NE), a potent protease that degrades ECM. This study affirms the critical role of neutrophils and neutrophil enzymes in the pathogenesis of COVID-19. Consistently, we observed increased staining for peptidyl arginine deiminase, a marker for neutrophil extracellular trap release, and myeloperoxidase, an enzyme-generating reactive oxygen radical, indicating active neutrophil involvement in lung pathology. These findings place neutrophils and elastin degradation at the center of impaired alveolar function and argue that elastolysis and alveolitis trigger abnormal ECM repair and fibrosis in fatal COVID-19 cases. Importantly, this study has implications for severe COVID-19 complications, including long COVID and other chronic inflammatory and fibrotic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teluguakula Narasaraju
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; or (T.N.); (I.N.); (V.S.)
- Department of Microbiology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Center for Research and Innovation, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya 571448, India
| | - Indira Neeli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; or (T.N.); (I.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Sheila L. Criswell
- Department of Diagnostic and Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA;
| | - Amita Krishnappa
- Department of Pathology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, Adichunchanagiri University, Mandya 571448, India;
| | - Wenzhao Meng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (W.M.); (E.T.L.P.)
| | - Vasuki Silva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; or (T.N.); (I.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Galyna Bila
- Department of Histology, Cytology, Histology & Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (G.B.); (R.B.)
| | - Volodymyr Vovk
- Department of Pathological Anatomy and Forensic Medicine, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine;
- Lviv Regional Pathological Anatomy Office, CU ENT (Pulmonology Lviv Regional Diagnostic Center), 79000 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Zolotukhin Serhiy
- Lviv Regional Pathological Anatomy Office, CU ENT (Pulmonology Lviv Regional Diagnostic Center), 79000 Lviv, Ukraine;
| | - Gary L. Bowlin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA;
| | - Nuala Meyer
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine and Center for Translational Lung Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Eline T. Luning Prak
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; (W.M.); (E.T.L.P.)
- Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Marko Radic
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA; or (T.N.); (I.N.); (V.S.)
| | - Rostyslav Bilyy
- Department of Histology, Cytology, Histology & Embryology, Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 79010 Lviv, Ukraine; (G.B.); (R.B.)
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12
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Wijsman PC, Goorsenberg AWM, Keijzer N, d'Hooghe JNS, Ten Hacken NHT, Shah PL, Weersink EJM, de Brito JM, de Souza Xavier Costa N, Mauad T, Nawijn MC, Vonk JM, Annema JT, Burgess JK, Bonta PI. Airway wall extracellular matrix changes induced by bronchial thermoplasty in severe asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:435-446.e4. [PMID: 37805024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Airway remodeling is a prominent feature of asthma, which involves increased airway smooth muscle mass and altered extracellular matrix composition. Bronchial thermoplasty (BT), a bronchoscopic treatment for severe asthma, targets airway remodeling. OBJECTIVE We sought to investigate the effect of BT on extracellular matrix composition and its association with clinical outcomes. METHODS This is a substudy of the TASMA trial. Thirty patients with severe asthma were BT-treated, of whom 13 patients were treated for 6 months with standard therapy (control group) before BT. Demographic data, clinical data including pulmonary function, and bronchial biopsies were collected. Biopsies at BT-treated and nontreated locations were analyzed by histological and immunohistochemical staining. Associations between histology and clinical outcomes were explored. RESULTS Six months after treatment, it was found that the reticular basement membrane thickness was reduced from 7.28 μm to 5.74 μm (21% relative reduction) and the percentage area of tissue positive for collagen increased from 26.3% to 29.8% (13% relative increase). Collagen structure analysis revealed a reduction in the curvature frequency of fibers. The percentage area positive for fibulin-1 and fibronectin increased by 2.5% and 5.9%, respectively (relative increase of 124% and 15%). No changes were found for elastin. The changes in collagen and fibulin-1 negatively associated with changes in FEV1 reversibility. CONCLUSIONS Besides reduction of airway smooth muscle mass, BT has an impact on reticular basement membrane thickness and the extracellular matrix arrangement characterized by an increase in tissue area occupied by collagen with a less dense fiber organization. Both collagen and fibulin-1 are negatively associated with the change in FEV1 reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieta C Wijsman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annika W M Goorsenberg
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Noa Keijzer
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Julia N S d'Hooghe
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nick H T Ten Hacken
- Department of Pulmonology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pallav L Shah
- Department of Pulmonology, Royal Brompton Hospital, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom; National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom; Department of Pulmonology, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Els J M Weersink
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jôse Mara de Brito
- Departamento de Patologia, LIM-05 Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Natalia de Souza Xavier Costa
- Departamento de Patologia, LIM-05 Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thais Mauad
- Departamento de Patologia, LIM-05 Laboratório de Patologia Ambiental, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Martijn C Nawijn
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jouke T Annema
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter I Bonta
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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13
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Saito J, Dave JM, Lau FD, Greif DM. Presenilin-1 in smooth muscle cells facilitates hypermuscularization in elastin aortopathy. iScience 2024; 27:108636. [PMID: 38226162 PMCID: PMC10788461 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Smooth muscle cell (SMC) accumulation is central to the pathogenesis of elastin-defective arterial diseases, including supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS). We previously demonstrated that elastin insufficiency activates Notch signaling in aortic SMCs. Activation of Notch is catalyzed by the enzyme gamma-secretase, but the role of catalytic subunits presenilin (PSEN)-1 or PSEN-2 in elastin aortopathy is not defined. Genetic approaches reveal that endothelial cell-specific Psen1 deletion does not improve elastin aortopathy whereas the deletion of either Psen1 in SMCs or Psen2 globally attenuates Notch pathway and SMC proliferation, mitigating aortic disease. With SMC-specific Psen1 deletion in elastin nulls, these rescue effects are more robust and in fact, survival is increased. SMC deletion of Psen1 also attenuates hypermuscularization in newborns heterozygous for the elastin null gene, which genetically mimics SVAS. Similarly, the pharmacological inhibition of PSEN-1 mitigates SMC accumulation in elastin aortopathy. These findings put forth SMC PSEN-1 as a potential therapeutic target in SVAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junichi Saito
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jui M. Dave
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Freddy Duarte Lau
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Daniel M. Greif
- Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Stem Cell Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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14
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Cantor J. Desmosine as a biomarker for the emergent properties of pulmonary emphysema. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1322283. [PMID: 38164218 PMCID: PMC10758135 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1322283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing an effective treatment for pulmonary emphysema will require a better understanding of the molecular changes responsible for distention and rupture of alveolar walls. A potentially useful approach to studying this process involves the concept of emergence in which interactions at different levels of scale induce a phase transition comprising a spontaneous reorganization of chemical and physical systems. Recent studies in our laboratory provide evidence of this phenomenon in pulmonary emphysema by relating the emergence of airspace enlargement to the release of elastin-specific desmosine and isodesmosine (DID) crosslinks from damaged elastic fibers. When the mean alveolar diameter exceeded 400 μm, the level of peptide-free DID in human lungs was greatly increased, reflecting rapid acceleration of elastin breakdown, alveolar wall rupture, and a phase transition to an active disease state that is less responsive to treatment. Based on this finding, it is hypothesized that free DID in urine and other body fluids may serve as a biomarker for early detection of airspace enlargement, thereby facilitating timely therapeutic intervention and reducing the risk of respiratory failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerome Cantor
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St John’s University, Queens, NY, United States
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15
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Yombo DJK, Madala SK, Vemulapalli CP, Ediga HH, Hardie WD. Pulmonary fibroelastosis - A review. Matrix Biol 2023; 124:1-7. [PMID: 37922998 PMCID: PMC10841596 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2023.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Elastin is a long-lived fibrous protein that is abundant in the extracellular matrix of the lung. Elastic fibers provide the lung the characteristic elasticity during inhalation with recoil during exhalation thereby ensuring efficient gas exchange. Excessive deposition of elastin and other extracellular matrix proteins reduces lung compliance by impairing ventilation and compromising gas exchange. Notably, the degree of elastosis is associated with the progressive decline in lung function and survival in patients with interstitial lung diseases. Currently there are no proven therapies which effectively reduce the elastin burden in the lung nor prevent dysregulated elastosis. This review describes elastin's role in the healthy lung, summarizes elastosis in pulmonary diseases, and evaluates the current understanding of elastin regulation and dysregulation with the goal of guiding future research efforts to develop novel and effective therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan J K Yombo
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Satish K Madala
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Chanukya P Vemulapalli
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - Harshavardhana H Ediga
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio USA
| | - William D Hardie
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Cincinnati, OH, USA.
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16
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He M, Borlak J. A genomic perspective of the aging human and mouse lung with a focus on immune response and cellular senescence. Immun Ageing 2023; 20:58. [PMID: 37932771 PMCID: PMC10626779 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-023-00373-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aging lung is a complex process and influenced by various stressors, especially airborne pathogens and xenobiotics. Additionally, a lifetime exposure to antigens results in structural and functional changes of the lung; yet an understanding of the cell type specific responses remains elusive. To gain insight into age-related changes in lung function and inflammaging, we evaluated 89 mouse and 414 individual human lung genomic data sets with a focus on genes mechanistically linked to extracellular matrix (ECM), cellular senescence, immune response and pulmonary surfactant, and we interrogated single cell RNAseq data to fingerprint cell type specific changes. RESULTS We identified 117 and 68 mouse and human genes linked to ECM remodeling which accounted for 46% and 27%, respectively of all ECM coding genes. Furthermore, we identified 73 and 31 mouse and human genes linked to cellular senescence, and the majority code for the senescence associated secretory phenotype. These cytokines, chemokines and growth factors are primarily secreted by macrophages and fibroblasts. Single-cell RNAseq data confirmed age-related induced expression of marker genes of macrophages, neutrophil, eosinophil, dendritic, NK-, CD4+, CD8+-T and B cells in the lung of aged mice. This included the highly significant regulation of 20 genes coding for the CD3-T-cell receptor complex. Conversely, for the human lung we primarily observed macrophage and CD4+ and CD8+ marker genes as changed with age. Additionally, we noted an age-related induced expression of marker genes for mouse basal, ciliated, club and goblet cells, while for the human lung, fibroblasts and myofibroblasts marker genes increased with age. Therefore, we infer a change in cellular activity of these cell types with age. Furthermore, we identified predominantly repressed expression of surfactant coding genes, especially the surfactant transporter Abca3, thus highlighting remodeling of surfactant lipids with implications for the production of inflammatory lipids and immune response. CONCLUSION We report the genomic landscape of the aging lung and provide a rationale for its growing stiffness and age-related inflammation. By comparing the mouse and human pulmonary genome, we identified important differences between the two species and highlight the complex interplay of inflammaging, senescence and the link to ECM remodeling in healthy but aged individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng He
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Borlak
- Centre for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Suarez MF, Schmitt HM, Kuhn MS, Watkins T, Hake KM, Weisz T, Flynn EJ, Elliott MH, Hauser MA, Stamer WD. Genetic background determines severity of Loxl1-mediated systemic and ocular elastosis in mice. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm050392. [PMID: 37905384 PMCID: PMC10668029 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX) is a systemic, age-related disorder characterized by elastosis and extracellular matrix deposits. Its most significant ocular manifestation is an aggressive form of glaucoma associated with variants in the gene encoding lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1). Depending upon the population, variants in LOXL1 can impart risk or protection for PEX, suggesting the importance of genetic context. As LOXL1 protein levels are lower and the degree of elastosis is higher in people with PEX, we studied Loxl1-deficient mice on three different genetic backgrounds: C57BL/6 (BL/6), 129S×C57BL/6 (50/50) and 129S. Early onset and high prevalence of spontaneous pelvic organ prolapse in BL/6 Loxl1-/- mice necessitated the study of mice that were <2 months old. Similar to pelvic organ prolapse, most elastosis endpoints were the most severe in BL/6 Loxl1-/- mice, including skin laxity, pulmonary tropoelastin accumulation, expansion of Schlemm's canal and dilation of intrascleral veins. Interestingly, intraocular pressure was elevated in 50/50 Loxl1-/- mice, depressed in BL/6 Loxl1-/- mice and unchanged in 129S Loxl1-/- mice compared to that of control littermates. Overall, the 129S background was protective against most elastosis phenotypes studied. Thus, repair of elastin-containing tissues is impacted by the abundance of LOXL1 and genetic context in young animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F. Suarez
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Heather M. Schmitt
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Megan S. Kuhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - TeddiJo Watkins
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Kristyn M. Hake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
| | - Tara Weisz
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Edward J. Flynn
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
| | - Michael H. Elliott
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dean McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK 73104, USA
| | - Michael A. Hauser
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC 27701, USA
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - W. Daniel Stamer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27705, USA
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18
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Joshi I, Devine AJ, Joshi R, Smith NJ, Varisco BM. A titratable murine model of progressive emphysema using tracheal porcine pancreatic elastase. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15259. [PMID: 37709810 PMCID: PMC10502133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41527-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Progressive emphysema often leads to end-stage lung disease. Most mouse models of emphysema are typically modest (i.e. cigarette smoke exposure), and changes over time are difficult to quantify. The tracheal porcine pancreatic elastase model (PPE) produces severe injury, but the literature is conflicted as to whether emphysema improves, is stable, or progresses over time. We hypothesized a threshold of injury below which repair would occur and above which emphysema would be stable or progress. We treated 8-week-old C57BL6 mixed sex mice with 0, 0.5, 2, or 4 activity units of PPE in 100 µL PBS and performed lung stereology at 21 and 84 days. There were no significant differences in weight gain or mouse health. Despite minimal emphysema at 21-days in the 0.5 units group (2.8 µm increased mean linear intercept, MLI), MLI increased by 4.6 µm between days 21 and 84 (p = 0.0007). In addition to larger MLI at 21 days in 2- and 4-unit groups, MLI increases from day 21 to 84 were 17.2 and 34 µm respectively (p = 0.002 and p = 0.0001). Total lung volume increased, and alveolar surface area decreased with time and injury severity. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no evidence of alveolar repair over time. Airspace destruction was both progressive and accelerative. Future mechanistic studies in lung immunity, mechano-biology, senescence, and cell-specific changes may lead to novel therapies to slow or halt progressive emphysema in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imani Joshi
- College of Arts and Sciences, Xavier University, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Andrew J Devine
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rashika Joshi
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Noah J Smith
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Brian M Varisco
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 1 Children's Way Slot 663, Little Rock, AR, 72202, USA.
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19
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Schweizer L, Schaller T, Zwiebel M, Karayel Ö, Müller‐Reif JB, Zeng W, Dintner S, Nordmann TM, Hirschbühl K, Märkl B, Claus R, Mann M. Quantitative multiorgan proteomics of fatal COVID-19 uncovers tissue-specific effects beyond inflammation. EMBO Mol Med 2023; 15:e17459. [PMID: 37519267 PMCID: PMC10493576 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202317459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 may directly and indirectly damage lung tissue and other host organs, but there are few system-wide, untargeted studies of these effects on the human body. Here, we developed a parallelized mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics workflow enabling the rapid, quantitative analysis of hundreds of virus-infected FFPE tissues. The first layer of response to SARS-CoV-2 in all tissues was dominated by circulating inflammatory molecules. Beyond systemic inflammation, we differentiated between systemic and true tissue-specific effects to reflect distinct COVID-19-associated damage patterns. Proteomic changes in the lungs resembled those of diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) in non-COVID-19 patients. Extensive organ-specific changes were also evident in the kidneys, liver, and lymphatic and vascular systems. Secondary inflammatory effects in the brain were related to rearrangements in neurotransmitter receptors and myelin degradation. These MS-proteomics-derived results contribute substantially to our understanding of COVID-19 pathomechanisms and suggest strategies for organ-specific therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Schweizer
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Tina Schaller
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Maximilian Zwiebel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Özge Karayel
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Present address:
Department of Physiological ChemistryGenentechSouth San FranciscoUSA
| | | | - Wen‐Feng Zeng
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | | | - Thierry M Nordmann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Klaus Hirschbühl
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Bruno Märkl
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Rainer Claus
- Pathology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
- Hematology and Oncology, Medical FacultyUniversity of AugsburgAugsburgGermany
| | - Matthias Mann
- Department of Proteomics and Signal TransductionMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
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20
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Jespersen T, Kampmann FB, Dantoft TM, Jørgensen NR, Kårhus LL, Madsen F, Linneberg A, Thysen SM. The association of vitamin K status with lung function and disease in a general population. ERJ Open Res 2023; 9:00208-2023. [PMID: 37588689 PMCID: PMC10423920 DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00208-2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Matrix Gla protein (MGP) is an inhibitor of lung tissue calcification. The plasma level of dephosphorylated-uncarboxylated MGP (dp-ucMGP) is a biomarker of vitamin K status. The present study assessed whether lower vitamin K status (reflected by higher dp-ucMGP) was associated with lung function and lung disease/symptoms. Methods A general population sample of 4092 individuals, aged 24 to 77 years, underwent a health examination including questionnaires, spirometry and measurements of plasma dp-ucMGP. Associations of dp-ucMGP with lung function and self-reported disease/symptoms were estimated using regression models adjusted for age, sex and height. Associations were expressed as β-estimates or odds ratios (ORs) per doubling in dp-ucMGP. Results Lower vitamin K status (higher dp-ucMGP) was associated with lower forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) (98 mL; 95% CI: 54-141 mL) and lower forced vital capacity (FVC) (136 mL; 95% CI: 85-187 mL). Dp-ucMGP was not associated with the FEV1/FVC ratio (0.0 percentage points higher than the expected value; 95% CI: -1.0-1.0). Furthermore, lower vitamin K status was associated with COPD (OR 2.24, 95% CI: 1.53-3.27), wheezing (OR 1.81, 95% CI: 1.44-2.28) and asthma (OR 1.44, 95% CI: 1.12-1.83). Conclusion Lower vitamin K status was associated with lower ventilatory capacity (lower FEV1 and FVC), and with higher risk of self-reported asthma, COPD and wheezing. Vitamin K status was not associated with airflow obstruction (FEV1/FVC ratio).
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Affiliation(s)
- Torkil Jespersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Bach Kampmann
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meinertz Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Lund Kårhus
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Flemming Madsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Linneberg
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sanne Marie Thysen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital – Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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21
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Simionescu D, Tharayil N, Leonard E, Carlyle W, Schwarz A, Ning K, Carsten C, Garcia JCC, Carter A, Owens C, Simionescu A. Binding of Pentagalloyl Glucose to Aortic Wall Proteins: Insights from Peptide Mapping and Simulated Docking Studies. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:936. [PMID: 37627822 PMCID: PMC10451288 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10080936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentagalloyl glucose (PGG) is currently being investigated as a non-surgical treatment for abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAAs); however, the molecular mechanisms of action of PGG on the AAA matrix components and the intra-luminal thrombus (ILT) still need to be better understood. To assess these interactions, we utilized peptide fingerprinting and molecular docking simulations to predict the binding of PGG to vascular proteins in normal and aneurysmal aorta, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), cytokines, and fibrin. We performed PGG diffusion studies in pure fibrin gels and human ILT samples. PGG was predicted to bind with high affinity to most vascular proteins, the active sites of MMPs, and several cytokines known to be present in AAAs. Finally, despite potential binding to fibrin, PGG was shown to diffuse readily through thrombus at physiologic pressures. In conclusion, PGG can bind to all the normal and aneurysmal aorta protein components with high affinity, potentially protecting the tissue from degradation and exerting anti-inflammatory activities. Diffusion studies showed that thrombus presence in AAAs is not a barrier to endovascular treatment. Together, these results provide a deeper understanding of the clinical potential of PGG as a non-surgical treatment of AAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Simionescu
- Biocompatibility and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (J.C.C.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Nishanth Tharayil
- Multi-User Analytical Lab (MUAL) & Metabolomic Core, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Elizabeth Leonard
- Multi-User Analytical Lab (MUAL) & Metabolomic Core, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (N.T.); (E.L.)
| | - Wenda Carlyle
- Nectero Medical Inc., Mesa, AZ 85281, USA; (W.C.); (A.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Alex Schwarz
- Nectero Medical Inc., Mesa, AZ 85281, USA; (W.C.); (A.S.); (K.N.)
| | - Kelvin Ning
- Nectero Medical Inc., Mesa, AZ 85281, USA; (W.C.); (A.S.); (K.N.)
| | | | - Juan Carlos Carrillo Garcia
- Biocompatibility and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (J.C.C.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Alexander Carter
- Biocompatibility and Tissue Regeneration Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (J.C.C.G.); (A.C.)
| | - Collin Owens
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (C.O.); (A.S.)
| | - Agneta Simionescu
- Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA; (C.O.); (A.S.)
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22
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Dabaghi M, Carpio MB, Saraei N, Moran-Mirabal JM, Kolb MR, Hirota JA. A roadmap for developing and engineering in vitro pulmonary fibrosis models. BIOPHYSICS REVIEWS 2023; 4:021302. [PMID: 38510343 PMCID: PMC10903385 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe form of pulmonary fibrosis. IPF is a fatal disease with no cure and is challenging to diagnose. Unfortunately, due to the elusive etiology of IPF and a late diagnosis, there are no cures for IPF. Two FDA-approved drugs for IPF, nintedanib and pirfenidone, slow the progression of the disease, yet fail to cure or reverse it. Furthermore, most animal models have been unable to completely recapitulate the physiology of human IPF, resulting in the failure of many drug candidates in preclinical studies. In the last few decades, the development of new IPF drugs focused on changes at the cellular level, as it was believed that the cells were the main players in IPF development and progression. However, recent studies have shed light on the critical role of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in IPF development, where the ECM communicates with cells and initiates a positive feedback loop to promote fibrotic processes. Stemming from this shift in the understanding of fibrosis, there is a need to develop in vitro model systems that mimic the human lung microenvironment to better understand how biochemical and biomechanical cues drive fibrotic processes in IPF. However, current in vitro cell culture platforms, which may include substrates with different stiffness or natural hydrogels, have shortcomings in recapitulating the complexity of fibrosis. This review aims to draw a roadmap for developing advanced in vitro pulmonary fibrosis models, which can be leveraged to understand better different mechanisms involved in IPF and develop drug candidates with improved efficacy. We begin with a brief overview defining pulmonary fibrosis and highlight the importance of ECM components in the disease progression. We focus on fibroblasts and myofibroblasts in the context of ECM biology and fibrotic processes, as most conventional advanced in vitro models of pulmonary fibrosis use these cell types. We transition to discussing the parameters of the 3D microenvironment that are relevant in pulmonary fibrosis progression. Finally, the review ends by summarizing the state of the art in the field and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadhossein Dabaghi
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health—Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
| | - Mabel Barreiro Carpio
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, Arthur N. Bourns Science Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M1, Canada
| | - Neda Saraei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, McMaster University, Engineering Technology Building, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | | | - Martin R. Kolb
- Firestone Institute for Respiratory Health—Division of Respirology, Department of Medicine, McMaster University, St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, 50 Charlton Avenue East, Hamilton, Ontario L8N 4A6, Canada
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23
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Johnston A, Callanan A. Recent Methods for Modifying Mechanical Properties of Tissue-Engineered Scaffolds for Clinical Applications. Biomimetics (Basel) 2023; 8:biomimetics8020205. [PMID: 37218791 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics8020205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited regenerative capacity of the human body, in conjunction with a shortage of healthy autologous tissue, has created an urgent need for alternative grafting materials. A potential solution is a tissue-engineered graft, a construct which supports and integrates with host tissue. One of the key challenges in fabricating a tissue-engineered graft is achieving mechanical compatibility with the graft site; a disparity in these properties can shape the behaviour of the surrounding native tissue, contributing to the likelihood of graft failure. The purpose of this review is to examine the means by which researchers have altered the mechanical properties of tissue-engineered constructs via hybrid material usage, multi-layer scaffold designs, and surface modifications. A subset of these studies which has investigated the function of their constructs in vivo is also presented, followed by an examination of various tissue-engineered designs which have been clinically translated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Johnston
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
| | - Anthony Callanan
- Institute for Bioengineering, School of Engineering, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3DW, UK
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24
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Hidaka K, Inai T, Kosho T, Yamaguchi T, Kawabata Y, Inai Y, Imamura S, Sanada S. A patient with pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis carrying a novel fibrillin-2 gene variant. Respir Med Case Rep 2023; 44:101870. [PMID: 37251355 PMCID: PMC10209443 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmcr.2023.101870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is a recently recognized clinical entity characterized by interstitial pneumonia with proliferating elastin in the upper lung regions. Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis is categorized as idiopathic or reported depending on the coexistent initiating factors; however, congenital contractural arachnodactyly, which is caused by abnormal production of elastin based on a mutation in the fibrillin-2 gene, is rarely reported with lung lesion resembling pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis. We present a case of pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis in a patient with a novel mutation in the fibrillin-2 gene, which encodes the prenatal fibrillin-2 protein as a scaffold for elastin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouko Hidaka
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, National Organization Hospital, Kokura Medical Center, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tetsuichiro Inai
- Department of Morphological Biology, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomoki Kosho
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
| | - Tomomi Yamaguchi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
- Center for Medical Genetics, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
- Division of Clinical Sequencing, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto City, Nagano Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabata
- Division of Diagnostic Pathology, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Center, Kumagaya City, Saitama Prefecture, Japan
| | - Yuko Inai
- Division of General Dentistry, Kyushu University Hospital, Kyushu University, Fukuoka City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Shogo Imamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, National Organization Hospital, Kokura Medical Center, Kitakyushu City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
| | - Sakiko Sanada
- Department of Pathology, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume City, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan
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25
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Goodwin AT, John AE, Joseph C, Habgood A, Tatler AL, Susztak K, Palmer M, Offermanns S, Henderson NC, Jenkins RG. Stretch regulates alveologenesis and homeostasis via mesenchymal Gαq/11-mediated TGFβ2 activation. Development 2023; 150:dev201046. [PMID: 37102682 PMCID: PMC10259661 DOI: 10.1242/dev.201046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Alveolar development and repair require tight spatiotemporal regulation of numerous signalling pathways that are influenced by chemical and mechanical stimuli. Mesenchymal cells play key roles in numerous developmental processes. Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) is essential for alveologenesis and lung repair, and the G protein α subunits Gαq and Gα11 (Gαq/11) transmit mechanical and chemical signals to activate TGFβ in epithelial cells. To understand the role of mesenchymal Gαq/11 in lung development, we generated constitutive (Pdgfrb-Cre+/-;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11-/-) and inducible (Pdgfrb-Cre/ERT2+/-;Gnaqfl/fl;Gna11-/-) mesenchymal Gαq/11 deleted mice. Mice with constitutive Gαq/11 gene deletion exhibited abnormal alveolar development, with suppressed myofibroblast differentiation, altered mesenchymal cell synthetic function, and reduced lung TGFβ2 deposition, as well as kidney abnormalities. Tamoxifen-induced mesenchymal Gαq/11 gene deletion in adult mice resulted in emphysema associated with reduced TGFβ2 and elastin deposition. Cyclical mechanical stretch-induced TGFβ activation required Gαq/11 signalling and serine protease activity, but was independent of integrins, suggesting an isoform-specific role for TGFβ2 in this model. These data highlight a previously undescribed mechanism of cyclical stretch-induced Gαq/11-dependent TGFβ2 signalling in mesenchymal cells, which is imperative for normal alveologenesis and maintenance of lung homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda T. Goodwin
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Alison E. John
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
| | - Chitra Joseph
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Anthony Habgood
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Amanda L. Tatler
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Translational Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Nottingham NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Respiratory Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University Park, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Katalin Susztak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew Palmer
- Department of Pathology, Division of Nephrology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-4238, USA
| | - Stefan Offermanns
- Department of Pharmacology, Max Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Neil C. Henderson
- Centre for Inflammation Research, University of Edinburgh, EH16 4TJ, UK
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK
| | - R. Gisli Jenkins
- Margaret Turner Warwick Centre for Fibrosing Lung Disease, National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, SW3 6LY, UK
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26
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Ng B, Xie C, Su L, Kuthubudeen FF, Kwek XY, Yeong D, Pua CJ, Cook SA, Lim WW. IL11 (Interleukin-11) Causes Emphysematous Lung Disease in a Mouse Model of Marfan Syndrome. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2023; 43:739-754. [PMID: 36924234 PMCID: PMC10125130 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.122.318802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Marfan Syndrome (MFS) is an inherited connective tissue disorder caused by mutations in the FBN1 (fibrillin-1) gene. Lung abnormalities are common in MFS, but their pathogenesis is poorly understood. IL11 (interleukin-11) causes aortic disease in a mouse model of MFS and was studied here in the lung. METHODS We examined histological and molecular phenotypes in the lungs of Fbn1C1041G/+ mice (mouse model of Marfan Syndrome [mMFS]), an established mouse model of MFS. To identify IL11-expressing cells, we used immunohistochemistry on lungs of 4- and 16-week-old Fbn1C1041G/+:Il11EGFP/+ reporter mice. We studied the effects of IL11 inhibition by RT-qPCR, immunoblots and histopathology in lungs from genetic or pharmacologic models: (1) 16-week-old IL11 receptor (IL11RA) knockout mMFS mice (Fbn1C1041G/+:Il11ra1-/- mice) and (2) in mMFS mice administered IgG control or interleukin-11 receptor antibodies twice weekly from 4 to 24 weeks of age. RESULTS mMFS lungs showed progressive loss and enlargement of distal airspaces associated with increased proinflammatory and profibrotic gene expression as well as matrix metalloproteinases 2, 9, and 12. IL11 was increased in mMFS lungs and localized to smooth muscle and endothelial cells in young mMFS mice in the Fbn1C1041G/+:Il11EGFP/+ reporter strain and in fibroblasts, in older mice. In mMFS mice, genetic (Fbn1C1041G/+:Il11ra1-/-) or pharmacologic (anti-interleukin-11 receptor) inhibition of IL11 signaling reduced lung emphysema, fibrosis, and inflammation. This protective effect was associated with reduced pathogenic ERK1/2 signaling and lower metalloproteinase 2, 9, and 12 expression. CONCLUSIONS IL11 causes lung disease in mMFS. This reveals a shared IL11-driven disease mechanism in lung and aorta in MFS and suggests inhibition of IL11 signaling as a holistic approach for treating multiorgan morbidity in MFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Ng
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., D.Y., C.J.P., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (B.N., F.F.K., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
| | - Chen Xie
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., D.Y., C.J.P., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
| | - Liping Su
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., D.Y., C.J.P., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
| | - Fathima F. Kuthubudeen
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (B.N., F.F.K., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
| | - Xiu-Yi Kwek
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., D.Y., C.J.P., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
| | - Daryl Yeong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., D.Y., C.J.P., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
| | - Chee Jian Pua
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., D.Y., C.J.P., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
| | - Stuart A. Cook
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., D.Y., C.J.P., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (B.N., F.F.K., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
- MRC-London Institute of Medical Sciences, United Kingdom (S.A.C.)
| | - Wei-Wen Lim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, National Heart Centre Singapore (B.N., C.X., L.S., X.-Y.K., D.Y., C.J.P., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders Program, Duke-National University of Singapore Medical School (B.N., F.F.K., S.A.C., W.-W.L.)
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27
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Montanucci P, Pescara T, Greco A, Basta G, Calafiore R. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), enveloped in elastin-like recombinamers for cell therapy of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D): preliminary data. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1046206. [PMID: 37180045 PMCID: PMC10166868 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1046206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Therapeutic application and study of type 1 diabetes disease could benefit from the use of functional β islet-like cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). Considerable efforts have been made to develop increasingly effective hiPSC differentiation protocols, although critical issues related to cost, the percentage of differentiated cells that are obtained, and reproducibility remain open. In addition, transplantation of hiPSC would require immunoprotection within encapsulation devices, to make the construct invisible to the host's immune system and consequently avoid the recipient's general pharmacologic immunosuppression. Methods: For this work, a microencapsulation system based on the use of "human elastin-like recombinamers" (ELRs) was tested to envelop hiPSC. Special attention was devoted to in vitro and in vivo characterization of the hiPSCs upon coating with ERLs. Results and Discussion: We observed that ELRs coating did not interfere with viability and function and other biological properties of differentiated hiPSCs, while in vivo, ELRs seemed to afford immunoprotection to the cell grafts in preliminary in vivo study. The construct ability to correct hyperglycemia in vivo is in actual progress.
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28
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Tuhongjiang A, Wang F, Zhang C, Pang S, Qu Y, Feng B, Amuti G. Construction of an RNA modification-related gene predictive model associated with prognosis and immunity in gastric cancer. BMC Bioinformatics 2023; 24:147. [PMID: 37061682 PMCID: PMC10105968 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-023-05283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related fatalities worldwide, and its progression is associated with RNA modifications. Here, using RNA modification-related genes (RNAMRGs), we aimed to construct a prognostic model for patients with GC. METHODS Based on RNAMRGs, RNA modification scores (RNAMSs) were obtained for GC samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and were divided into high- and low-RNAMS groups. Differential analysis and weighted correlation network analysis were performed for the differential expressed genes (DEGs) to obtain the key genes. Next, univariate Cox regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to obtain the model. According to the model risk score, samples were divided into high- and low-risk groups. Enrichment analysis and immunoassays were performed for the DEGs in these groups. Four external datasets from Gene Expression Omnibus data base were used to test the accuracy of the predictive model. RESULTS We identified SELP and CST2 as key DEGs, which were used to generate the predictive model. The high-risk group had a worse prognosis compared to the low-risk group (p < 0.05). Enrichment analysis and immunoassays revealed that 144 DEGs related to immune cell infiltration were associated with the Wnt signaling pathway and included hub genes such as ELN. Overall mutation levels, tumor mutation burden, and microsatellite instability were lower, but tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores were greater (p < 0.05) in the high-risk group than in the low-risk group. The validation results showed that the prediction model score can accurately predict the prognosis of GC patients. Finally, a nomogram was constructed using the risk score combined with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients with GC. CONCLUSION This risk score from the prediction model related to the tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy could accurately predict the overall survival of GC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Airexiati Tuhongjiang
- Department of Day Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Day Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China.
| | - Chengrong Zhang
- Department of Day Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Sisi Pang
- Department of Day Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Yujiang Qu
- Department of Day Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Bo Feng
- Department of Day Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
| | - Gulimire Amuti
- Department of Day Surgery, People's Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Ürümqi, China
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29
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Mariano CA, Sattari S, Ramirez GO, Eskandari M. Effects of tissue degradation by collagenase and elastase on the biaxial mechanics of porcine airways. Respir Res 2023; 24:105. [PMID: 37031200 PMCID: PMC10082978 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02376-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Common respiratory illnesses, such as emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, are characterized by connective tissue damage and remodeling. Two major fibers govern the mechanics of airway tissue: elastin enables stretch and permits airway recoil, while collagen prevents overextension with stiffer properties. Collagenase and elastase degradation treatments are common avenues for contrasting the role of collagen and elastin in healthy and diseased states; while previous lung studies of collagen and elastin have analyzed parenchymal strips in animal and human specimens, none have focused on the airways to date. METHODS Specimens were extracted from the proximal and distal airways, namely the trachea, large bronchi, and small bronchi to facilitate evaluations of material heterogeneity, and subjected to biaxial planar loading in the circumferential and axial directions to assess airway anisotropy. Next, samples were subjected to collagenase and elastase enzymatic treatment and tensile tests were repeated. Airway tissue mechanical properties pre- and post-treatment were comprehensively characterized via measures of initial and ultimate moduli, strain transitions, maximum stress, hysteresis, energy loss, and viscoelasticity to gain insights regarding the specialized role of individual connective tissue fibers and network interactions. RESULTS Enzymatic treatment demonstrated an increase in airway tissue compliance throughout loading and resulted in at least a 50% decrease in maximum stress overall. Strain transition values led to significant anisotropic manifestation post-treatment, where circumferential tissues transitioned at higher strains compared to axial counterparts. Hysteresis values and energy loss decreased after enzymatic treatment, where hysteresis reduced by almost half of the untreated value. Anisotropic ratios exhibited axially led stiffness at low strains which transitioned to circumferentially led stiffness when subjected to higher strains. Viscoelastic stress relaxation was found to be greater in the circumferential direction for bronchial airway regions compared to axial counterparts. CONCLUSION Targeted fiber treatment resulted in mechanical alterations across the loading range and interactions between elastin and collagen connective tissue networks was observed. Providing novel mechanical characterization of elastase and collagenase treated airways aids our understanding of individual and interconnected fiber roles, ultimately helping to establish a foundation for constructing constitutive models to represent various states and progressions of pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal A Mariano
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Samaneh Sattari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Gustavo O Ramirez
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Mona Eskandari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- BREATHE Center, School of Medicine, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California at Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
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30
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Trębacz H, Barzycka A. Mechanical Properties and Functions of Elastin: An Overview. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13030574. [PMID: 36979509 PMCID: PMC10046833 DOI: 10.3390/biom13030574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Human tissues must be elastic, much like other materials that work under continuous loads without losing functionality. The elasticity of tissues is provided by elastin, a unique protein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of mammals. Its function is to endow soft tissues with low stiffness, high and fully reversible extensibility, and efficient elastic-energy storage. Depending on the mechanical functions, the amount and distribution of elastin-rich elastic fibers vary between and within tissues and organs. The article presents a concise overview of the mechanical properties of elastin and its role in the elasticity of soft tissues. Both the occurrence of elastin and the relationship between its spatial arrangement and mechanical functions in a given tissue or organ are overviewed. As elastin in tissues occurs only in the form of elastic fibers, the current state of knowledge about their mechanical characteristics, as well as certain aspects of degradation of these fibers and their mechanical performance, is presented. The overview also outlines the latest understanding of the molecular basis of unique physical characteristics of elastin and, in particular, the origin of the driving force of elastic recoil after stretching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Trębacz
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
| | - Angelika Barzycka
- Department of Biophysics, Medical University of Lublin, Al. Racławickie 1, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
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31
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Storti M, Faietti ML, Murgia X, Catozzi C, Minato I, Tatoni D, Cantarella S, Ravanetti F, Ragionieri L, Ciccimarra R, Zoboli M, Vilanova M, Sánchez-Jiménez E, Gay M, Vilaseca M, Villetti G, Pioselli B, Salomone F, Ottonello S, Montanini B, Ricci F. Time-resolved transcriptomic profiling of the developing rabbit's lungs: impact of premature birth and implications for modelling bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Respir Res 2023; 24:80. [PMID: 36922832 PMCID: PMC10015812 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-023-02380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Premature birth, perinatal inflammation, and life-saving therapies such as postnatal oxygen and mechanical ventilation are strongly associated with the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD); these risk factors, alone or combined, cause lung inflammation and alter programmed molecular patterns of normal lung development. The current knowledge on the molecular regulation of lung development mainly derives from mechanistic studies conducted in newborn rodents exposed to postnatal hyperoxia, which have been proven useful but have some limitations. METHODS Here, we used the rabbit model of BPD as a cost-effective alternative model that mirrors human lung development and, in addition, enables investigating the impact of premature birth per se on the pathophysiology of BPD without further perinatal insults (e.g., hyperoxia, LPS-induced inflammation). First, we characterized the rabbit's normal lung development along the distinct stages (i.e., pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular, and alveolar phases) using histological, transcriptomic and proteomic analyses. Then, the impact of premature birth was investigated, comparing the sequential transcriptomic profiles of preterm rabbits obtained at different time intervals during their first week of postnatal life with those from age-matched term pups. RESULTS Histological findings showed stage-specific morphological features of the developing rabbit's lung and validated the selected time intervals for the transcriptomic profiling. Cell cycle and embryo development, oxidative phosphorylation, and WNT signaling, among others, showed high gene expression in the pseudoglandular phase. Autophagy, epithelial morphogenesis, response to transforming growth factor β, angiogenesis, epithelium/endothelial cells development, and epithelium/endothelial cells migration pathways appeared upregulated from the 28th day of gestation (early saccular phase), which represents the starting point of the premature rabbit model. Premature birth caused a significant dysregulation of the inflammatory response. TNF-responsive, NF-κB regulated genes were significantly upregulated at premature delivery and triggered downstream inflammatory pathways such as leukocyte activation and cytokine signaling, which persisted upregulated during the first week of life. Preterm birth also dysregulated relevant pathways for normal lung development, such as blood vessel morphogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. CONCLUSION These findings establish the 28-day gestation premature rabbit as a suitable model for mechanistic and pharmacological studies in the context of BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Storti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Faietti
- Department of Analytic and Early Formulations, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., R&D, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Catozzi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Ilaria Minato
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Danilo Tatoni
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100, Siena, Italy
| | - Simona Cantarella
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Division of RNA Biology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Luisa Ragionieri
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Roberta Ciccimarra
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Matteo Zoboli
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Mar Vilanova
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ester Sánchez-Jiménez
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marina Gay
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Vilaseca
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac, 10, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gino Villetti
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Pioselli
- Department of Analytic and Early Formulations, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., R&D, 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Salomone
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., 43122, Parma, Italy
| | - Simone Ottonello
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.,Interdepartmental Research Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy
| | - Barbara Montanini
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy. .,Interdepartmental Research Centre Biopharmanet-Tec, University of Parma, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Translational Science, R&D, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., 43122, Parma, Italy. .,Head of Neonatology and Pulmonary Rare Disease, Preclinical Pharmacology, Chiesi Farmaceutici S.P.A., 43122, Parma, Italy.
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Chick CN, Inoue T, Mori N, Tanaka E, Kawaguchi M, Takahashi T, Hanakita J, Minami M, Kanematsu R, Usuki T. LC-MS/MS analysis of elastin crosslinker desmosines and microscopic evaluation in clinical samples of patients with hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum. Bioorg Med Chem 2023; 82:117216. [PMID: 36842401 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2023.117216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Ligamentum flavum (LF) pathologies often lead to severe myelopathy or radiculopathy characterized by reduced elasticity, obvious thickening, or worsened ossification. Elastin endows critical mechanical properties to tissues and organs such as vertebrae and ligaments. Desmosine (DES) and isodesmosine (IDES) are crosslinkers of elastin monomers called tropoelastin. These crosslinkers are potential biomarkers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. As a biological diagnostic tool that supplements existing symptomatic, magnetic resonance imaging scanning or radiological imaging diagnostic measures for LF hypertrophy and associated pathologies, an isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method with selected reaction monitoring mode for the quantitation of DESs in human plasma, urine, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and yellow ligamentum was investigated. Isotopically labeled IDES-13C3,15N1 was used as an internal standard (ISTD) for DES quantitation for the first time. The samples plus ISTD were hydrolyzed with 6 N hydrochloric acid. Analytes and ISTD were extracted using a solid phase extraction cellulose cartridge column. The assays were repeatable, reproducible, and accurate with % CV ≤ 7.7, ISTD area % RSD of 7.6, and % AC ≤ (101.2 ± 3.90) of the calibrations. The ligamentum samples gave the highest average DES/IDES content (2.38 μg/mg) on a dry-weight basis. A high percentage of the CSF samples showed almost no DESs. Urine and plasma samples of patients showed no significant difference from the control (p-value = 0.0519 and 0.5707, respectively). Microscopy of the yellow ligamentum samples revealed dark or blue-colored zones of elastin fibers that retained the hematoxylin dye and highly red-colored zones of collagen after counterstaining with van Gieson solution. Thus, we successfully developed a method for DES/IDES quantitation in clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Nanga Chick
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Tomoo Inoue
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan; Department of Neurosurgery, Saitama Red Cross Hospital, 1-5 Shintoshin, Chuo-ku, Saitama 330-8553, Japan; Spinal Disorders Center, Fujieda Heisei Memorial Hospital, 123-1 Mizukami, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8662, Japan.
| | - Natsuki Mori
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Eri Tanaka
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Mari Kawaguchi
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Spinal Disorders Center, Fujieda Heisei Memorial Hospital, 123-1 Mizukami, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8662, Japan
| | - Junya Hanakita
- Spinal Disorders Center, Fujieda Heisei Memorial Hospital, 123-1 Mizukami, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8662, Japan
| | - Manabu Minami
- Spinal Disorders Center, Fujieda Heisei Memorial Hospital, 123-1 Mizukami, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8662, Japan
| | - Ryo Kanematsu
- Spinal Disorders Center, Fujieda Heisei Memorial Hospital, 123-1 Mizukami, Fujieda, Shizuoka 426-8662, Japan
| | - Toyonobu Usuki
- Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioicho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.
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McCoy AM, Lakhdari O, Shome S, Caoili K, Hernandez GE, Aghaeepour N, Butcher LD, Fisch K, Prince LS. Sp3 is essential for normal lung morphogenesis and cell cycle progression during mouse embryonic development. Development 2023; 150:dev200839. [PMID: 36762637 PMCID: PMC10110423 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Sp family of transcription factors regulate gene expression via binding GC boxes within promoter regions. Unlike Sp1, which stimulates transcription, the closely related Sp3 can either repress or activate gene expression and is required for perinatal survival in mice. Here, we use RNA-seq and cellular phenotyping to show how Sp3 regulates murine fetal cell differentiation and proliferation. Homozygous Sp3-/- mice were smaller than wild-type and Sp+/- littermates, died soon after birth and had abnormal lung morphogenesis. RNA-seq of Sp3-/- fetal lung mesenchymal cells identified alterations in extracellular matrix production, developmental signaling pathways and myofibroblast/lipofibroblast differentiation. The lungs of Sp3-/- mice contained multiple structural defects, with abnormal endothelial cell morphology, lack of elastic fiber formation, and accumulation of lipid droplets within mesenchymal lipofibroblasts. Sp3-/- cells and mice also displayed cell cycle arrest, with accumulation in G0/G1 and reduced expression of numerous cell cycle regulators including Ccne1. These data detail the global impact of Sp3 on in vivo mouse gene expression and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa M. McCoy
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Omar Lakhdari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Sayane Shome
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kaitlin Caoili
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Gilberto E. Hernandez
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Nima Aghaeepour
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Kathleen Fisch
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Services, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
- Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Halsey G, Sinha D, Dhital S, Wang X, Vyavahare N. Role of elastic fiber degradation in disease pathogenesis. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166706. [PMID: 37001705 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Elastin is a crucial extracellular matrix protein that provides structural integrity to tissues. Crosslinked elastin and associated microfibrils, named elastic fiber, contribute to biomechanics by providing the elasticity required for proper function. During aging and disease, elastic fiber can be progressively degraded and since there is little elastin synthesis in adults, degraded elastic fiber is not regenerated. There is substantial evidence linking loss or damage of elastic fibers to the clinical manifestation and pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Disruption of elastic fiber networks by hereditary mutations, aging, or pathogenic stimuli results in systemic ailments associated with the production of elastin degradation products, inflammatory responses, and abnormal physiology. Due to its longevity, unique mechanical properties, and widespread distribution in the body, elastic fiber plays a central role in homeostasis of various physiological systems. While pathogenesis related to elastic fiber degradation has been more thoroughly studied in elastic fiber rich tissues such as the vasculature and the lungs, even tissues containing relatively small quantities of elastic fibers such as the eyes or joints may be severely impacted by elastin degradation. Elastic fiber degradation is a common observation in certain hereditary, age, and specific risk factor exposure induced diseases representing a converging point of pathological clinical phenotypes which may also help explain the appearance of co-morbidities. In this review, we will first cover the role of elastic fiber degradation in the manifestation of hereditary diseases then individually explore the structural role and degradation effects of elastic fibers in various tissues and organ systems. Overall, stabilizing elastic fiber structures and repairing lost elastin may be effective strategies to reverse the effects of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Halsey
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Dipasha Sinha
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Saphala Dhital
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America
| | - Naren Vyavahare
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, SC 29634, United States of America.
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35
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Christopoulou ME, Papakonstantinou E, Stolz D. Matrix Metalloproteinases in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043786. [PMID: 36835197 PMCID: PMC9966421 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that degrade proteins of the extracellular matrix and the basement membrane. Thus, these enzymes regulate airway remodeling, which is a major pathological feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, proteolytic destruction in the lungs may lead to loss of elastin and the development of emphysema, which is associated with poor lung function in COPD patients. In this literature review, we describe and appraise evidence from the recent literature regarding the role of different MMPs in COPD, as well as how their activity is regulated by specific tissue inhibitors. Considering the importance of MMPs in COPD pathogenesis, we also discuss MMPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention in COPD and present evidence from recent clinical trials in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria-Elpida Christopoulou
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eleni Papakonstantinou
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daiana Stolz
- Department of Pneumology, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
- Clinic of Respiratory Medicine and Pulmonary Cell Research, University Hospital, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-(0)-761-270-37050
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The Fabrication of Gelatin-Elastin-Nanocellulose Composite Bioscaffold as a Potential Acellular Skin Substitute. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15030779. [PMID: 36772084 PMCID: PMC9920652 DOI: 10.3390/polym15030779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Gelatin usage in scaffold fabrication is limited due to its lack of enzymatic and thermal resistance, as well as its mechanical weakness. Hence, gelatin requires crosslinking and reinforcement with other materials. This study aimed to fabricate and characterise composite scaffolds composed of gelatin, elastin, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) and crosslinked with genipin. The scaffolds were fabricated using the freeze-drying method. The composite scaffolds were composed of different concentrations of CNC, whereas scaffolds made of pure gelatin and a gelatin-elastin mixture served as controls. The physicochemical and mechanical properties of the scaffolds, and their cellular biocompatibility with human dermal fibroblasts (HDF), were evaluated. The composite scaffolds demonstrated higher porosity and swelling capacity and improved enzymatic resistance compared to the controls. Although the group with 0.5% (w/v) CNC recorded the highest pore size homogeneity, the diameters of most of the pores in the composite scaffolds ranged from 100 to 200 μm, which is sufficient for cell migration. Tensile strength analysis revealed that increasing the CNC concentration reduced the scaffolds' stiffness. Chemical analyses revealed that despite chemical and structural alterations, both elastin and CNC were integrated into the gelatin scaffold. HDF cultured on the scaffolds expressed collagen type I and α-SMA proteins, indicating the scaffolds' biocompatibility with HDF. Overall, the addition of elastin and CNC improved the properties of gelatin-based scaffolds. The composite scaffolds are promising candidates for an acellular skin substitute.
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37
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Biological and Genetic Mechanisms of COPD, Its Diagnosis, Treatment, and Relationship with Lung Cancer. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020448. [PMID: 36830984 PMCID: PMC9953173 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most prevalent chronic adult diseases, with significant worldwide morbidity and mortality. Although long-term tobacco smoking is a critical risk factor for this global health problem, its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Several phenomena are thought to be involved in the evolution of emphysema, including airway inflammation, proteinase/anti-proteinase imbalance, oxidative stress, and genetic/epigenetic modifications. Furthermore, COPD is one main risk for lung cancer (LC), the deadliest form of human tumor; formation and chronic inflammation accompanying COPD can be a potential driver of malignancy maturation (0.8-1.7% of COPD cases develop cancer/per year). Recently, the development of more research based on COPD and lung cancer molecular analysis has provided new light for understanding their pathogenesis, improving the diagnosis and treatments, and elucidating many connections between these diseases. Our review emphasizes the biological factors involved in COPD and lung cancer, the advances in their molecular mechanisms' research, and the state of the art of diagnosis and treatments. This work combines many biological and genetic elements into a single whole and strongly links COPD with lung tumor features.
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38
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Xia S, Vila Ellis L, Winkley K, Menden H, Mabry SM, Venkatraman A, Louiselle D, Gibson M, Grundberg E, Chen J, Sampath V. Neonatal hyperoxia induces activated pulmonary cellular states and sex-dependent transcriptomic changes in a model of experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L123-L140. [PMID: 36537711 PMCID: PMC9902224 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00252.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia disrupts lung development in mice and causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates. To investigate sex-dependent molecular and cellular programming involved in hyperoxia, we surveyed the mouse lung using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and validated our findings in human neonatal lung cells in vitro. Hyperoxia-induced inflammation in alveolar type (AT) 2 cells gave rise to damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs). It also induced a new subpopulation of AT1 cells with reduced expression of growth factors normally secreted by AT1 cells, but increased mitochondrial gene expression. Female alveolar epithelial cells had less EMT and pulmonary fibrosis signaling in hyperoxia. In the endothelium, expansion of Car4+ EC (Cap2) was seen in hyperoxia along with an emergent subpopulation of Cap2 with repressed VEGF signaling. This regenerative response was increased in females exposed to hyperoxia. Mesenchymal cells had inflammatory signatures in hyperoxia, with a new distal interstitial fibroblast subcluster characterized by repressed lipid biosynthesis and a transcriptomic signature resembling myofibroblasts. Hyperoxia-induced gene expression signatures in human neonatal fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells in vitro resembled mouse scRNA-seq data. These findings suggest that neonatal exposure to hyperoxia programs distinct sex-specific stem cell progenitor and cellular reparative responses that underpin lung remodeling in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lisandra Vila Ellis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Konner Winkley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Heather Menden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sherry M Mabry
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Aparna Venkatraman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel Louiselle
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
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van Tienderen GS, van Beek MEA, Schurink IJ, Rosmark O, Roest HP, Tieleman J, Demmers J, Muntz I, Conboy J, Westergren-Thorsson G, Koenderink G, van der Laan LJW, Verstegen MMA. Modelling metastatic colonization of cholangiocarcinoma organoids in decellularized lung and lymph nodes. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1101901. [PMID: 36741736 PMCID: PMC9890173 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1101901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a type of liver cancer with an aggressive phenotype and dismal outcome in patients. The metastasis of CCA cancer cells to distant organs, commonly lung and lymph nodes, drastically reduces overall survival. However, mechanistic insight how CCA invades these metastatic sites is still lacking. This is partly because currently available models fail to mimic the complexity of tissue-specific environments for metastatic CCA. To create an in vitro model in which interactions between epithelial tumor cells and their surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) can be studied in a metastatic setting, we combined patient-derived CCA organoids (CCAOs) (n=3) with decellularized human lung (n=3) and decellularized human lymph node (n=13). Decellularization resulted in removal of cells while preserving ECM structure and retaining important characteristics of the tissue origin. Proteomic analyses showed a tissue-specific ECM protein signature reflecting tissue functioning aspects. The macro and micro-scale mechanical properties, as determined by rheology and micro-indentation, revealed the local heterogeneity of the ECM. When growing CCAOs in decellularized lung and lymph nodes genes related to metastatic processes, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cancer stem cell plasticity, were significantly influenced by the ECM in an organ-specific manner. Furthermore, CCAOs exhibit significant differences in migration and proliferation dynamics dependent on the original patient tumor and donor of the target organ. In conclusion, CCA metastatic outgrowth is dictated both by the tumor itself as well as by the ECM of the target organ. Convergence of CCAOs with the ECM of its metastatic organs provide a new platform for mechanistic study of cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilles S. van Tienderen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marije E. A. van Beek
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ivo J. Schurink
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Oskar Rosmark
- Lung Biology, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Henk P. Roest
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jantine Tieleman
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Demmers
- Proteomics Center, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Iain Muntz
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - James Conboy
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Gijsje Koenderink
- Department of Bionanoscience, Kavli Institute of Nanoscience Delft, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Luc JW van der Laan
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Monique M. A. Verstegen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Monique M. A. Verstegen,
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Grout JA, Sirven P, Leader AM, Maskey S, Hector E, Puisieux I, Steffan F, Cheng E, Tung N, Maurin M, Vaineau R, Karpf L, Plaud M, Bègue AL, Ganesh K, Mesple J, Casanova-Acebes M, Tabachnikova A, Keerthivasan S, Lansky A, Bérichel JL, Walker L, Rahman AH, Gnjatic S, Girard N, Lefèvre M, Damotte D, Adam J, Martin JC, Wolf A, Flores RM, Beasley MB, Pradhan R, Müller S, Marron TU, Turley SJ, Merad M, Kenigsberg E, Salmon H. Spatial Positioning and Matrix Programs of Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Promote T-cell Exclusion in Human Lung Tumors. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2606-2625. [PMID: 36027053 PMCID: PMC9633420 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-21-1714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
It is currently accepted that cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) participate in T-cell exclusion from tumor nests. To unbiasedly test this, we used single-cell RNA sequencing coupled with multiplex imaging on a large cohort of lung tumors. We identified four main CAF populations, two of which are associated with T-cell exclusion: (i) MYH11+αSMA+ CAF, which are present in early-stage tumors and form a single cell layer lining cancer aggregates, and (ii) FAP+αSMA+ CAF, which appear in more advanced tumors and organize in patches within the stroma or in multiple layers around tumor nests. Both populations orchestrate a particular structural tissue organization through dense and aligned fiber deposition compared with T cell-permissive CAF. Yet they produce distinct matrix molecules, including collagen IV (MYH11+αSMA+ CAF) and collagen XI/XII (FAP+αSMA+ CAF). Hereby, we uncovered unique molecular programs of CAF driving T-cell marginalization, whose targeting should increase immunotherapy efficacy in patients bearing T cell-excluded tumors. SIGNIFICANCE The cellular and molecular programs driving T-cell marginalization in solid tumors remain unclear. Here, we describe two CAF populations associated with T-cell exclusion in human lung tumors. We demonstrate the importance of pairing molecular and spatial analysis of the tumor microenvironment, a prerequisite to developing new strategies targeting T cell-excluding CAF. See related commentary by Sherman, p. 2501. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A. Grout
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Philémon Sirven
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Andrew M. Leader
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shrisha Maskey
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eglantine Hector
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Puisieux
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Fiona Steffan
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Evan Cheng
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Navpreet Tung
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mathieu Maurin
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Romain Vaineau
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Léa Karpf
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Plaud
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anne-Laure Bègue
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Koushik Ganesh
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Mesple
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Maria Casanova-Acebes
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexandra Tabachnikova
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shilpa Keerthivasan
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Alona Lansky
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Le Bérichel
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Laura Walker
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adeeb H. Rahman
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sacha Gnjatic
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Thorax Institute Curie Montsouris, Institut Curie, Paris, France; UVSQ, Paris Saclay University, Versailles, France
| | - Marine Lefèvre
- Department of Pathology, Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Diane Damotte
- Department of Pathology, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris Cité University, France
| | - Julien Adam
- Department of Pathology, Paris Saint-Joseph Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Jerome C. Martin
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Andrea Wolf
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raja M. Flores
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary Beth Beasley
- Department of Pathology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachana Pradhan
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sören Müller
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Genentech, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas U. Marron
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shannon J. Turley
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Miriam Merad
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Human Immune Monitoring Center, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ephraim Kenigsberg
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Senior authors
| | - Hélène Salmon
- The Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Institut Curie, INSERM, U932, Equipe Leader Fondation ARC 2018, Paris, France
- PSL Research University, Paris, France
- Senior authors
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Short-term PM exposure and social stress cause pulmonary and cardiac dysfunction. Toxicol Lett 2022; 370:66-73. [PMID: 36122649 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2022.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure increases risk for cardiopulmonary health problems which may be exacerbated in a stressful environment. Co-exposure to PM and stress characterizes the experience of many deployed military personnel and first responders but has not been thoroughly investigated. This is especially relevant to military personnel who have been exposed to high PM levels in conjunction with stressful military conflict situations. To understand the mechanisms and time-course of the health consequences following burn pit exposure, we exposed mice to moderate levels of ambient PM less than 2.5 μM in diameter (PM2.5) alone or in combination with psychological stress. We found male mice exposed to PM2.5 alone or in combination with stress had significantly reduced pulmonary function when subjected to methacholine, indicating increased airway hyperreactivity. These mice experienced increased goblet cell hyperplasia in their lungs, with no change in alveolar density. Mice exposed to PM2.5 and/or stress also exhibited reduced cardiac contractility, right ventricular (RV) output, and changes in RV capillary density and cardiac inflammatory markers. Taken together, these data indicate that short-term exposure to PM2.5 with or without stress causes a clear reduction in pulmonary and cardiac function. We believe that this model is well-suited for the study of military and other occupational exposures, and future work will identify potential mechanisms, including the inflammatory progression of these co-exposures.
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42
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Understanding Acquired Brain Injury: A Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092167. [PMID: 36140268 PMCID: PMC9496189 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Any type of brain injury that transpires post-birth is referred to as Acquired Brain Injury (ABI). In general, ABI does not result from congenital disorders, degenerative diseases, or by brain trauma at birth. Although the human brain is protected from the external world by layers of tissues and bone, floating in nutrient-rich cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); it remains susceptible to harm and impairment. Brain damage resulting from ABI leads to changes in the normal neuronal tissue activity and/or structure in one or multiple areas of the brain, which can often affect normal brain functions. Impairment sustained from an ABI can last anywhere from days to a lifetime depending on the severity of the injury; however, many patients face trouble integrating themselves back into the community due to possible psychological and physiological outcomes. In this review, we discuss ABI pathologies, their types, and cellular mechanisms and summarize the therapeutic approaches for a better understanding of the subject and to create awareness among the public.
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Abstract
Protein nanomaterials are well-defined, hollow protein nanoparticles comprised of virus capsids, virus-like particles, ferritin, heat shock proteins, chaperonins and many more. Protein-based nanomaterials are formed by the self-assembly of protein subunits and have numerous desired properties as drug-delivery vehicles, including being optimally sized for endocytosis, nontoxic, biocompatible, biodegradable and functionalized at three separate interfaces (external, internal and intersubunit). As a result, protein nanomaterials have been intensively investigated as functional entities in bionanotechnology, including drug delivery, nanoreactors and templates for organic and inorganic nanomaterials. Several variables influence efficient administration, particularly active targeting, cellular uptake, the kinetics of the release and systemic elimination. This review examines the wide range of medicines, loading/release processes, targeted therapies and treatment effectiveness.
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Ramachandra AB, Mikush N, Sauler M, Humphrey JD, Manning EP. Compromised Cardiopulmonary Function in Fibulin-5 Deficient Mice. J Biomech Eng 2022; 144:1136732. [PMID: 35171214 PMCID: PMC8990734 DOI: 10.1115/1.4053873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Competent elastic fibers are critical to the function of the lung and right circulation. Murine models of elastopathies can aid in understanding the functional roles of the elastin and elastin-associated glycoproteins that constitute elastic fibers. Here, we quantify together lung and pulmonary arterial structure, function, and mechanics with right heart function in a mouse model deficient in the elastin-associated glycoprotein fibulin-5. Differences emerged as a function of genotype, sex, and arterial region. Specifically, functional studies revealed increased lung compliance in fibulin-5 deficiency consistent with a histologically observed increased alveolar disruption. Biaxial mechanical tests revealed that the primary branch pulmonary arteries exhibit decreased elastic energy storage capacity and wall stress despite only modest differences in circumferential and axial material stiffness in the fibulin-5 deficient mice. Histological quantifications confirm a lower elastic fiber content in the fibulin-5 deficient pulmonary arteries, with fragmented elastic laminae in the outer part of the wall - likely the reason for reduced energy storage. Ultrasound measurements confirm sex differences in compromised right ventricular function in the fibulin-5 deficient mice. These results reveal compromised right heart function, but opposite effects of elastic fiber dysfunction on the lung parenchyma (significantly increased compliance) and pulmonary arteries (trend toward decreased distensibility), and call for further probing of ventilation-perfusion relationships in pulmonary pathologies. Amongst many other models, fibulin-5 deficient mice can contribute to our understanding of the complex roles of elastin in pulmonary health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay B. Ramachandra
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- e-mail:
| | - Nicole Mikush
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520
- e-mail:
| | - Maor Sauler
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510
- e-mail:
| | - Jay D. Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520
- e-mail:
| | - Edward P. Manning
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510; West Haven Connecticut VA and Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516
- Corresponding author. e-mail:
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45
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Duhig EE. Usual interstitial pneumonia: a review of the pathogenesis and discussion of elastin fibres, type II pneumocytes and proposed roles in the pathogenesis. Pathology 2022; 54:517-525. [PMID: 35778287 DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2022.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and its histological counterpart, usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) remains debated. IPF/UIP is a disease characterised by respiratory restriction, and while there have been recent advances in treatment, mortality remains high. Genetic and environmental factors predispose to its development and aberrant alveolar repair is thought to be central. Following alveolar injury, the type II pneumocyte (AEC2) replaces the damaged thin type I pneumocytes. Despite the interstitial fibroblast being considered instrumental in formation of the fibrosis, there has been little consideration for a role for AEC2 in the repair of the septal interstitium. Elastin is a complex protein that conveys flexibility and recoil to the lung. The fibroblast is presumed to produce elastin but there is evidence that the AEC2 may have a role in production or deposition. While the lung is an elastic organ, the role of elastin in repair of lung injury and its possible role in UIP has not been explored in depth. In this paper, pathogenetic mechanisms of UIP involving AEC2 and elastin are reviewed and the possible role of AEC2 in elastin generation is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwina E Duhig
- Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology, The John Flynn Hospital, Tugun, Qld, Australia; UQ Thoracic Research Centre, The Prince Charles Hospital, Chermside, Qld, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, Qld, Australia.
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46
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Kronquist EK, Kaur M, Gober LM, Knutsen RH, Fu YP, Yu ZX, Donahue DR, Chen MY, Osgood S, Raja N, Levin MD, Barochia A, Kozel BA. Airflow Obstruction in Adults with Williams Syndrome and Mice with Elastin Insufficiency. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12061438. [PMID: 35741248 PMCID: PMC9221558 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12061438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Williams−Beuren syndrome (WS) results from the deletion of 25−27 coding genes, including elastin (ELN), on human chromosome 7q11.23. Elastin provides recoil to tissues; emphysema and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease have been linked to its destruction. Consequently, we hypothesized that elastin insufficiency would predispose to obstructive features. Twenty-two adults with WS (aged 18−55) and controls underwent pulmonary function testing, 6 min walk, and chest computed tomography (CT). Lung and airspace dimensions were assessed in Eln+/− and control mice via microCT and histology. The forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and the ratio of FEV1 to forced vital capacity (FVC) were lower in adults with WS (p < 0.0001 and p < 0.05, respectively). The FEV1/FVC ratio was more frequently below the lower limit of normal in cases (p < 0.01). The ratio of residual volume to total lung capacity (RV/TLC, percent predicted) was higher in cases (p < 0.01), suggesting air trapping. People with WS showed reduced exercise capacity (p < 0.0001). In Eln+/− mice, ex vivo lung volumes were increased (p < 0.0001), with larger airspaces (p < 0.001). Together these data show that elastin insufficiency impacts lung physiology in the form of increased air trapping and obstruction, suggesting a role for lung function monitoring in adults with WS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elise K. Kronquist
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Maninder Kaur
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Leah M. Gober
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Russell H. Knutsen
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Yi-Ping Fu
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Zu-Xi Yu
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Danielle R. Donahue
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20824, USA;
| | - Marcus Y. Chen
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Sharon Osgood
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Neelam Raja
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Mark D. Levin
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Amisha Barochia
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
| | - Beth A. Kozel
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; (E.K.K.); (M.K.); (L.M.G.); (R.H.K.); (Y.-P.F.); (Z.-X.Y.); (M.Y.C.); (S.O.); (N.R.); (M.D.L.); (A.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-301-451-2888
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Brar JS, Verma R, Al-Omari M, Siu VM, Andrade AV, Jurkiewicz MT, Lalgudi Ganesan S. Moyamoya Syndrome in an Infant with Aicardi-Goutières and Williams Syndromes: A Case Report. Neuropediatrics 2022; 53:204-207. [PMID: 34852373 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1739131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Stroke in infancy is a rare phenomenon but can lead to significant long-term disability. We present the story of a 6-month-old Old Order Amish infant with underlying Williams syndrome, a rare neurodevelopmental disorder caused by a microdeletion, encompassing the elastin gene that produces abnormalities in elastic fibers of the lungs and vessels. This infant presented with lethargy, irritability, and a new-onset generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was consistent with ischemic stroke in the supratentorial regions. MR angiogram demonstrated bilateral narrowing of the internal carotid arteries with "ivy sign," suggestive of Moyamoya. Moyamoya disease/syndrome is a cerebrovascular condition that is associated with progressive stenosis of the intracranial vessels and can cause ischemic stroke in young children. Targeted mutation analysis revealed a homozygous c.1411-2A > G splice site variant in the SAMHD1 gene, consistent with a diagnosis of Aicardi-Goutières syndrome type 5 (AGS5), an autosomal recessive condition with multisystem involvement. In our unique case of infantile stroke with Moyamoya syndrome and dual diagnosis of Williams syndrome and AGS5, both diagnoses likely contributed to the cerebrovascular pathology. This case report highlights the importance of suspecting and testing for multiple genetic abnormalities in children presenting with Moyamoya-related stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagraj S Brar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rahul Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed Al-Omari
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Al-Khobar, Saudi Arabia
| | - Victoria M Siu
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea V Andrade
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael T Jurkiewicz
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Medical Imaging, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Saptharishi Lalgudi Ganesan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
- Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
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48
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Immunohistochemical Study of Smooth Muscle Cells and Elastin in Goose Lungs. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2022-0015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
There are many differences (morphological, physiological and mechanical) between the lungs of birds and the lungs of mammals. Birds have a more efficient exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide than mammals. In this article, we studied the presence of four antibodies (actin, α-smooth muscle actin, desmin and elastin) in the lungs of geese. Smooth muscle cells (SMCs) immunoreactive to actin, α-SMA and desmin were observed in the primary and secondary bronchi and arranged as a continuous layer. In the tertiary bronchus (parabronchus), immunoreactive cells on α-SMA and desmin were observed as aggregations of smooth muscle cells in the septum tips in atrial opening. A small number of α-SMA and desmin-positive cells were observed on the periphery of the parabronchi and between the air and blood capillaries. The elastic fibres were found in the large bronchi in connection with smooth muscle bands. In the parabronchi the elastic fibres form an elastic membrane lining the parabronchial lumen. In the blood vessels, the elastic fibres form the inner and outer elastic membrane. The individual elastic membranes connect neighbouring blood vessels.
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49
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Matrikines as mediators of tissue remodelling. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 185:114240. [PMID: 35378216 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins confer biomechanical properties, maintain cell phenotype and mediate tissue repair (via release of sequestered cytokines and proteases). In contrast to intracellular proteomes, where proteins are monitored and replaced over short time periods, many ECM proteins function for years (decades in humans) without replacement. The longevity of abundant ECM proteins, such as collagen I and elastin, leaves them vulnerable to damage accumulation and their host organs prone to chronic, age-related diseases. However, ECM protein fragmentation can potentially produce peptide cytokines (matrikines) which may exacerbate and/or ameliorate age- and disease-related ECM remodelling. In this review, we discuss ECM composition, function and degradation and highlight examples of endogenous matrikines. We then critically and comprehensively analyse published studies of matrix-derived peptides used as topical skin treatments, before considering the potential for improvements in the discovery and delivery of novel matrix-derived peptides to skin and internal organs. From this, we conclude that while the translational impact of matrix-derived peptide therapeutics is evident, the mechanisms of action of these peptides are poorly defined. Further, well-designed, multimodal studies are required.
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50
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Tang F, Brune JE, Chang MY, Reeves SR, Altemeier WA, Frevert CW. Defining the Versican Interactome in Lung Health and Disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C249-C276. [PMID: 35649251 PMCID: PMC9291419 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00162.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) imparts critical mechanical and biochemical information to cells in the lungs. Proteoglycans are essential constituents of the ECM and play a crucial role in controlling numerous biological processes, including regulating cellular phenotype and function. Versican, a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan required for embryonic development, is almost absent from mature, healthy lungs and is re-expressed and accumulates in acute and chronic lung disease. Studies using genetically engineered mice show that the versican-enriched matrix can be pro- or anti-inflammatory depending on the cellular source or disease process studied. The mechanisms whereby versican develops a contextual ECM remain largely unknown. The primary goal of this review is to provide an overview of the interaction of versican with its many binding partners, the "versican interactome," and how through these interactions, versican is an integrator of complex extracellular information. Hopefully, the information provided in this review will be used to develop future studies to determine how versican and its binding partners can develop contextual ECMs that control select biological processes. While this review focuses on versican and the lungs, what is described can be extended to other proteoglycans, tissues, and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengying Tang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Jourdan E Brune
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Mary Y Chang
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Stephen R Reeves
- Center for Immunity and Immunotherapies, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States.,Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - William A Altemeier
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,ivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Charles W Frevert
- Center for Lung Biology, the University of Washington at South Lake Union, Seattle, WA, United States.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.,ivision of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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