1
|
Radial Peripapillary Capillary Plexus Perfusion and Endothelial Dysfunction in Early Post-SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Vision (Basel) 2022; 6:vision6020026. [PMID: 35645380 PMCID: PMC9149887 DOI: 10.3390/vision6020026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial cells damage and thromboinflammation are considered key elements in the generation of organ impairment in patients with COVID-19 disease. The endothelial function is evaluated by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD). We aimed to analyze the association between FMD impairment and retinal vascular parameters in early post-COVID-19 patients. 00118-00199Tomography (OCT), OCT Angiography (OCTA) and slit lamp examination were performed. FMD ≤ 7% was considered as pathological. Our primary outcome was to assess potential differences in the radial peripapillary capillary plexus flow index (RPCP-FI) and RPCP density (RPCP-D) values between post-COVID-19 patients with and without FMD impairment. The associations of other retinal vascular parameters with FMD impairment were assessed as secondary endpoints. Results: FMD impairment was detected in 31 patients (37.8%). RPCP-FI (p = 0.047), age (p = 0.048) and prevalence of diabetes (p = 0.046) significantly differed in patients with FMD ≤ 7% in regression analysis. RPCP-FI was linearly correlated with FMD values (R = 0.244, p =0.027). SCT was found to be lower in patients with impaired FMD (p = 0.004), although this difference was only a trend in binary logistic regression output (p = 0.07). Conclusions: Early post-COVID-19 patients showed a higher prevalence of FMD impairment compared to the general population. Age, diabetes and RPCP-FI were independently correlated with the presence of endothelial impairment in the early post-infective period.
Collapse
|
2
|
Santoro L, Falsetti L, Zaccone V, Nesci A, Tosato M, Giupponi B, Savastano MC, Moroncini G, Gasbarrini A, Landi F, Santoliquido A. Impaired Endothelial Function in Convalescent Phase of COVID-19: A 3 Month Follow Up Observational Prospective Study. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11071774. [PMID: 35407382 PMCID: PMC8999944 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11071774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial dysfunction has a role in acute COVID-19, contributing to systemic inflammatory syndrome, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and vascular events. Evidence regarding COVID-19 middle- and long-term consequences on endothelium are still lacking. Our study aimed to evaluate if COVID-19 severity could significantly affect the endothelial function after three months from the acute phase. Methods: We assessed endothelial function in outpatients with previous COVID-19 three months after negative SARS-CoV-2 molecular test by measuring flow-mediated dilation (FMD) in patients categorized according to a four-variable COVID-19 severity scale (“home care”; “hospital, no oxygen”; “hospital, oxygen”; “hospital requiring high-flow nasal canula, non-invasive ventilation, invasive mechanical ventilation, or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation”). FMD difference among COVID-19 severity categories was assessed with analysis of variance; we further clarified the relationship between FMD and previous COVID-19 severity with multivariate logistic models. Results: Among 658 consecutive COVID-19 subjects, we observed a significant linear trend of FMD reduction with the increase of the COVID-19 category (p < 0.0001). The presence of endothelial dysfunction was more frequent among hospitalized patients (78.3%) with respect to home-care patients (21.7%; p < 0.0001). COVID-19 severity was associated with increased endothelial dysfunction risk (OR: 1.354; 95% CI: 1.06−1.71; p = 0.011) at multivariate binary logistic analysis. FMD showed a significant direct correlation with PaO2 (p = 0.004), P/F ratio (p = 0.004), FEV1 (p = 0.008), and 6MWT (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: Hospitalized COVID-19 subjects showed an impaired endothelial function three months after the acute phase that correlated with pulmonary function impairment. Further studies are needed to evaluate if these subjects are at higher risk of developing pulmonary disease or future cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Santoro
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Lorenzo Falsetti
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Internal and Sub-Intensive Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60166 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Vincenzo Zaccone
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Internal and Sub-Intensive Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60166 Ancona, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3479617617
| | - Antonio Nesci
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
| | - Matteo Tosato
- Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (F.L.)
| | - Bianca Giupponi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Maria Cristina Savastano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Clinica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria “Ospedali Riuniti”, 60166 Ancona, Italy;
| | - Antonio Gasbarrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Landi
- Geriatrics Department, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.T.); (F.L.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Angelo Santoliquido
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (L.S.); (A.N.); (A.S.)
- Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Whisner CM, Angadi SS, Weltman NY, Weltman A, Rodriguez J, Patrie JT, Gaesser GA. Effects of Low-Fat and High-Fat Meals, with and without Dietary Fiber, on Postprandial Endothelial Function, Triglyceridemia, and Glycemia in Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11112626. [PMID: 31684015 PMCID: PMC6893531 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of fiber-rich foods may negate the deleterious effects of high-fat meals on postprandial triglyceridemia and endothelial function. Despite supportive data in adults, little is known about the effects of high-fat and high-fiber foods on cardiovascular health parameters in pediatric populations. In this crossover trial, male and female adolescents (n = 10; 14.1 + 2.6 years; range 10–17 years) consumed (1) low-fat, low-fiber, (2) low-fat, high-fiber, (3) high-fat, low-fiber, and (4) high-fat, high-fiber breakfast meals in randomized order, each following an overnight fast. Baseline and 4 h post-meal blood was obtained for determination of glucose, insulin and triglyceride concentrations. Endothelial function was assessed via brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Postprandial FMD was not significantly changed after any meal. However, regression analyses revealed a significant inverse relationship between the change in 4 h triglyceride concentration and change in 4 h FMD for the high-fat, low-fiber meal (β = −0.087; 95% CI = −0.138 to −0.037; p = 0.001) that was no longer significant in the high-fat, high-fiber meal (β = −0.044; 95% CI = −0.117 to 0.029; p = 0.227). Interpretation of these analyses must be qualified by acknowledging that between-meal comparison revealed that the two regression lines were not statistically different (p = 0.226). Addition of high-fiber cereal to the high-fat meal also reduced 4 h postprandial triglyceride increases by ~50% (p = 0.056). A high-fiber breakfast cereal did not attenuate postprandial glucose and insulin responses after consumption of a low-fat meal. While further work is needed to confirm these results in larger cohorts, our findings indicate the potential importance of cereal fiber in blunting the inverse relationship between postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and FMD after consumption of a high-fat meal in adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Corrie M Whisner
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Siddhartha S Angadi
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| | - Nathan Y Weltman
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Management, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Arthur Weltman
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | | | - James T Patrie
- Department of Public Health, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA.
| | - Glenn A Gaesser
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, 550 N Third St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chellappa SL, Vujovic N, Williams JS, Scheer FAJL. Impact of Circadian Disruption on Cardiovascular Function and Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2019; 30:767-779. [PMID: 31427142 PMCID: PMC6779516 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
The circadian system, that is ubiquitous across species, generates ∼24 h rhythms in virtually all biological processes, and allows them to anticipate and adapt to the 24 h day/night cycle, thus ensuring optimal physiological function. Epidemiological studies show time-of-day variations in adverse cardiovascular (CV) events, and controlled laboratory studies demonstrate a circadian influence on key markers of CV function and risk. Furthermore, circadian misalignment, that is typically experienced by shift workers as well as by individuals who experience late eating, (social) jet lag, or circadian rhythm sleep-wake disturbances, increases CV risk factors. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms by which the circadian system regulates CV function, and which of these are affected by circadian disruption, may help to develop intervention strategies to mitigate CV risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Chellappa
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Santoro L, Birra D, Bosello S, Nesci A, Di Giorgio A, Peluso G, Giupponi B, Zaccone V, Gasbarrini A, Zoli A, Santoliquido A. Subclinical atherosclerosis and endothelial dysfunction in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: a pilot study. Scand J Rheumatol 2019; 49:68-74. [PMID: 31418315 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2019.1628297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate endothelial function in treatment-naïve polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) patients and its modification during steroid therapy, in relation to changes in clinical and laboratory parameters.Method: This prospective observational study involved patients with a new diagnosis of PMR according to provisional American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2012 criteria, who were naïve to steroid therapy, and control subjects matched for age, gender, and comorbidities. All participants underwent clinical and vascular ultrasound evaluations at baseline and after 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of steroid therapy. For the study of endothelial function, we evaluated the brachial artery reactivity, which has emerged as the most well-established technique used in adults, by assessing flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), which measures the endothelium-dependent vasodilatation.Results: Sixteen newly diagnosed PMR patients were compared with a population of 16 matched controls. FMD values in all subjects showed an inverse correlation with the values of erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. At baseline, the FMD of PMR patients was significantly lower than controls and remained significantly lower with respect to controls until the sixth month of therapy, despite a clinical improvement already being evident after 1 month of therapy.Conclusions: PMR is characterized by an important chronic subclinical inflammatory component. This pilot study demonstrates that affected patients show endothelial dysfunction that slowly responds to steroid therapy. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical relevance of these observations and, in particular, to monitor the cardiovascular risk profile of PMR patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Santoro
- Department of Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - D Birra
- UOC, Department of Rheumatology, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - S Bosello
- UOC, Department of Rheumatology, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - A Di Giorgio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - G Peluso
- UOC, Department of Rheumatology, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - B Giupponi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - V Zaccone
- Department of Internal and Subintensive Medicine, University Hospital Riuniti, Ancona, Italy
| | - A Gasbarrini
- Department of Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - A Zoli
- Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.,UOSA, Department of Rheumatology, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A Santoliquido
- Department of Medicine, Division of Vascular Medicine, A Gemelli IRCCS University Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Smolensky MH, Hermida RC, Portaluppi F. Circadian mechanisms of 24-hour blood pressure regulation and patterning. Sleep Med Rev 2017; 33:4-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
7
|
Thosar SS, Wiggins CC, Shea SA, Wallace JP. Brachial artery endothelial function is stable across the morning in young men. Cardiovasc Ultrasound 2015; 13:42. [PMID: 26438100 PMCID: PMC4594652 DOI: 10.1186/s12947-015-0036-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The morning hours are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk, and vascular endothelial function (VEF) is a strong predictor of CV disease. A diurnal rhythm in VEF has been established but the morning variation in VEF is not well-documented. Thus, we tested if VEF is impaired across the vulnerable morning period. Methods After overnight fasts, eight healthy men (age 26.3 ± 3 yr) underwent assessments of VEF under standardized testing conditions every 2 h from 0700 to 1300 h on two separate days. VEF was estimated following 5 min brachial artery occlusions by hyperemic flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results There was no significant change in FMD or hyperemic shear stimulus across the 6 h vulnerable period on either day, despite changes in physical activity and meals across these periods. Conclusion In this healthy group of young men, VEF is stable across the vulnerable morning period when typical behaviors occurred (breakfast and physical activity). Future research should focus on the roles of sleep, physical inactivity during sleep and endogenous circadian rhythm in VEF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh S Thosar
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, L 606/RJH 1553 A, 97139, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Chad C Wiggins
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA.
| | - Steven A Shea
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, L 606/RJH 1553 A, 97139, Portland, Oregon, USA. .,Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA.
| | - Janet P Wallace
- Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, 47405, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Stefanska A, Bergmann K, Sypniewska G. Metabolic Syndrome and Menopause: Pathophysiology, Clinical and Diagnostic Significance. Adv Clin Chem 2015; 72:1-75. [PMID: 26471080 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Menopause is a risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases. MetS is a constellation of interdependent factors such as insulin resistance, abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. The prevalence of MetS in postmenopause is due to loss of the protective role of estrogens and increased circulating androgens resulting in changes to body fat distribution and development of abdominal obesity. Excessive visceral adipose tissue plays an important role due to synthesis and secretion of bioactive substances such as adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, prothrombotic, and vasoconstrictor factors. MetS may also impact risk assessment of breast cancer, osteoporosis and chronic kidney disease, and quality of life during the menopausal transition. Increased MetS has stimulated the exploration of new laboratory tests for early detection and therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Stefanska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Katarzyna Bergmann
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Grazyna Sypniewska
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Virag JAI, Lust RM. Circadian influences on myocardial infarction. Front Physiol 2014; 5:422. [PMID: 25400588 PMCID: PMC4214187 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2014.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Components of circadian rhythm maintenance, or "clock genes," are endogenous entrainable oscillations of about 24 h that regulate biological processes and are found in the suprachaismatic nucleus (SCN) and many peripheral tissues, including the heart. They are influenced by external cues, or Zeitgebers, such as light and heat, and can influence such diverse phenomena as cytokine expression immune cells, metabolic activity of cardiac myocytes, and vasodilator regulation by vascular endothelial cells. While it is known that the central master clock in the SCN synchronizes peripheral physiologic rhythms, the mechanisms by which the information is transmitted are complex and may include hormonal, metabolic, and neuronal inputs. Whether circadian patterns are causally related to the observed periodicity of events, or whether they are simply epi-phenomena is not well established, but a few studies suggest that the circadian effects likely are real in their impact on myocardial infarct incidence. Cycle disturbances may be harbingers of predisposition and subsequent response to acute and chronic cardiac injury, and identifying the complex interactions of circadian rhythms and myocardial infarction may provide insights into possible preventative and therapeutic strategies for susceptible populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jitka A I Virag
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Robert M Lust
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University Greenville, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Al Mheid I, Corrigan F, Shirazi F, Veledar E, Li Q, Alexander WR, Taylor WR, Waller EK, Quyyumi AA. Circadian variation in vascular function and regenerative capacity in healthy humans. J Am Heart Assoc 2014; 3:e000845. [PMID: 24830296 PMCID: PMC4309078 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.114.000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Progenitor cells (PCs) are mobilized in response to vascular injury to effect regeneration and repair. Recruitment of PCs requires intact nitric oxide (NO) synthesis by endothelial cells, and their number and activity correlate with cardiovascular disease risk burden and future outcomes. Whereas cardiovascular vulnerability exhibits a robust circadian rhythm, the 24‐hour variation of PCs and their inter‐relation with vascular function remain unknown. We investigated the circadian variation of PCs and vascular function with the hypothesis that this will parallel the pattern observed for cardiovascular events (CVEs). Methods and Results In 15 healthy subjects (9 men, 37±16 years), circulating PCs and vascular function were measured at 8 am, noon, 4 pm, 8 pm, midnight, 4 am (only PCs counts), and 8 am the following day. Circulating PCs were enumerated as mononuclear cells (MNCs; CD45med) that express CD34 as well as CD133, and their activity was assessed as the number of colonies formed by culturing MNCs. Vascular function was evaluated by measurement of endothelium‐dependent, flow‐mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery and tonometry‐derived indices of arterial stiffness. Higher CD34+ and CD34+/CD133+ cell counts were observed at 8 pm than any other time of the day (P‐ANOVA=0.038 and <0.001; respectively) and were lowest at 8 am. PC colony formation was highest at midnight (P‐ANOVA=0.045) and lowest in the morning hours. FMD was highest at midnight and lowest at 8 am and 8 pm, and systemic arterial stiffness was greatest at 8 am and lowest at 4 pm and midnight (P‐ANOVA=0.03 and 0.01; respectively). Conclusion A robust circadian variation in PC counts and vascular function occurs in healthy humans and both exhibit an unfavorable profile in the morning hours that parallels the preponderance of CVEs at these times. Whether these changes are precipitated by awakening and time‐dependent physical activity or governed by the endogenous circadian clock needs to be further investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ibhar Al Mheid
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| | - Frank Corrigan
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| | - Farheen Shirazi
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| | - Emir Veledar
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| | - Qunna Li
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| | - Wayne R Alexander
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| | - W Robert Taylor
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| | - Edmund K Waller
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| | - Arshed A Quyyumi
- Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA (I.A.M., F.C., F.S., E.V., Q.L., W.R.A., R.T., E.K.W., A.A.Q.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Santoro L, D'Onofrio F, Campo S, Ferraro PM, Flex A, Angelini F, Forni F, Nicolardi E, Campo V, Mascilini F, Landolfi R, Tondi P, Santoliquido A. Regression of endothelial dysfunction in patients with endometriosis after surgical treatment: a 2-year follow-up study. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1205-10. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
|
12
|
Schwartz MD, Mong JA. Estradiol modulates recovery of REM sleep in a time-of-day-dependent manner. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R271-80. [PMID: 23678032 PMCID: PMC3743004 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00474.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 05/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian hormones are thought to modulate sleep and fluctuations in the hormonal milieu are coincident with sleep complaints in women. In female rats, estradiol increases waking and suppresses sleep. In this study, we asked whether this effect is mediated via circadian or homeostatic regulatory mechanisms. Ovariectomized female rats received daily injections of estradiol benzoate (EB) or sesame oil that mimicked the rapid increase and subsequent decline of circulating estradiol at proestrus. In one experiment, animals were sleep deprived for 6 h starting at lights-on, so that recovery began in the mid-light phase; in the second experiment, animals were sleep deprived starting in the mid-light phase, so that recovery began at lights-off. EB suppressed baseline rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM (NREM) sleep and increased waking in the dark phase. In both experiments, EB enhanced REM recovery in the light phase while suppressing it in the dark compared with oil; this effect was most pronounced in the first 6 h of recovery. By contrast, NREM recovery was largely unaffected by EB. In summary, EB enhanced waking and suppressed sleep, particularly REM sleep, in the dark under baseline and recovery conditions. These strong temporally dependent effects suggest that EB consolidates circadian sleep-wake rhythms in female rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Schwartz
- Center for Neuroscience, Biosciences Division, SRI international, 333 Ravenswood Ave., Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Hernandez-Morante JJ, Gomez-Santos C, Margareto J, Formiguera X, Martínez CM, González R, Martínez-Augustín O, Madrid JA, Ordovas JM, Garaulet M. Influence of menopause on adipose tissue clock gene genotype and its relationship with metabolic syndrome in morbidly obese women. AGE (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 34:1369-1380. [PMID: 21898035 PMCID: PMC3528363 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-011-9309-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Menopausal women exhibit a loss of circadian coordination, a process that runs parallel with a redistribution of adipose tissue. However, the specific genetic mechanisms underlying these alterations have not been studied. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the development of menopause induces an alteration of the genes that control biological rhythms in human subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral (VAT) adipose tissue, and whether changes in clock gene expression are involved in the increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is frequently associated with menopause. To this end, VAT and SAT biopsies were taken in pre- (n = 7) and postmenopausal (n = 7) women at similar hours in the morning. RNA was extracted, and a microarray analysis was made. Data were confirmed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis were also performed. When clock gene expression was compared between both groups of women, data in SAT showed that expression of the core clock gene period3 was significantly higher in postmenopausal women, while casein kinase-1δ, E1A-binding protein and cAMP-responsive element were preferentially expressed in the premenopausal group. In VAT, period2 (PER2) and v-myc myelocytomatosis viral oncogene expressions were significantly higher in the postmenopausal group. Western blot analysis indicated that PER2 and PER3 protein expression was also increased in postmenopausal women. In addition, several genes, including PER2, were differentially expressed depending on whether or not the patient met the MetS criteria. We conclude that menopause transition induces several changes in the genotype of the adipose tissue chronobiological machinery related to an increased risk of developing MetS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Hernandez-Morante
- />Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- />Faculty of Nursing Studies, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Xavier Formiguera
- />Morbid Obesity Unit, University Hospital “Germans Trias i Pujol”, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Manuel Martínez
- />CIBERehd–Department of Surgery, University Hospital Virgen de la Arrixaca of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Raquel González
- />CIBERehd–Department of Pharmacology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Olga Martínez-Augustín
- />CIBERehd–Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | | | - Jose María Ordovas
- />Nutrition and Genomics Laboratory, JM-USDA-HNRCA at Tufts University, Boston, MA USA
- />Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- />IMDEA Alimentacion, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Garaulet
- />Department of Physiology, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- />Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, s/n. 30100, Murcia, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gupta D, Shukla P, Munshi A, Aggarwal JP. Cardioprotective radiotherapy: the circadian way. Med Hypotheses 2012; 78:353-5. [PMID: 22260990 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Radiotherapy (RT) has been established to improve both local control as well as overall survival rates in breast cancer. However, RT especially in left-sided breast cancer also irradiates a portion of the heart. Radiation associated toxicity to the heart assumes significance because of improval in survival of breast cancer patients. A circadian pattern has been reported in the myocardial oxygen demand and myocardial ischaemia with the cardiac tissue being more susceptible to injury between 6 am and noon. Radiation damages blood vessels of all sizes causing an increase in capillary wall permeability and dilatation of vessels leading to the characteristic radiation erythema followed by an inflammatory cell infiltrate. Coronary artery spasm may be the reason behind some cases of sudden death occurring in patients after radiation therapy. Endothelial behaviour also has a circadian variation and vasodilation is significantly attenuated in the morning. Critical coronary artery disease occurs 10-15 years after radiotherapy. Radiation in the morning hours may be one of the associated risk factor. The application of chrono-therapeutics with radiation therapy in carcinoma breast and in other chest wall irradiation, could possibly decrease the radiation associated cardiac toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepak Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Cancer Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Swift DL, Earnest CP, Blair SN, Church TS. The effect of different doses of aerobic exercise training on endothelial function in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure: results from the DREW study. Br J Sports Med 2011; 46:753-8. [PMID: 21947813 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2011-090025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine the effect of three different doses of aerobic exercise training (corresponding to approximately 50%, 100% and 150% of the National Institutes of Health consensus guidelines) on endothelial function in sedentary obese postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. Aerobic exercise training improves endothelial function in individuals with cardiovascular risk; however, it is unknown whether these adaptations occur in a dose-dependent manner. METHODS Obese postmenopausal women (n=155) with elevated blood pressure (systolic blood pressure between 120 and 159.0 mm Hg) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: 4, 8 or 12 kilocalories per kilogram of energy expenditure per week (kcal/kg/week) or a non-exercise control group for 6 months. Endothelial function was assessed via flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at baseline and post-intervention. RESULTS After exercise training, there was a similar improvement (1.02-1.5%) in FMD in all three exercise groups (p<0.05) compared with control (-0.5%). Change in FMD after exercise training was significantly correlated with FMD at baseline (r= -0.35, p<0.001). Post hoc analyses found a significant improvement in FMD in exercisers (all exercise groups combined) with endothelial dysfunction (FMD < 5.5%) at baseline (1.8%, 95% CI: 1.17 to 2.38; p<0.001) compared with exercisers with normal endothelial function (FMD ≥ 5.5%) (-1.2%; 95% CI: -1.17 to 0.69; p=0.60). CONCLUSIONS Aerobic exercise training was associated with improved FMD in postmenopausal women with elevated blood pressure. In addition, exercise training may be more efficacious in improving endothelial function in postmenopausal women with endothelial dysfunction than individuals with normal endothelial function at baseline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damon L Swift
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hampton SM, Isherwood C, Kirkpatrick VJE, Lynne-Smith AC, Griffin BA. The influence of alcohol consumed with a meal on endothelial function in healthy individuals. J Hum Nutr Diet 2010; 23:120-5. [PMID: 20113387 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2009.01021.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol and polyphenols in wine and fruit juices have been strongly implicated in the favourable effects on of these beverages on vascular function. Despite a wealth of information on the metabolic and vascular effects of alcohol and polyphenols, the combined influences of these substances on vascular function, especially when consumed with food, is poorly understood. A study was designed to determine the effects of a phenolic-rich grape juice, with or without alcohol, on vascular endothelial function in the postprandial state. METHODS Ten subjects consumed a standard meal with a test drink on three separate occasions. On each occasion, the test drink accompanying the meal was either red grape juice, red grape juice plus alcohol (12% v/v), or water. Endothelial function was measured by flow mediated dilatation (FMD) prior to then 30 and 60 minutes after consuming the meal. Blood samples were taken for the determination of plasma glucose, triacylglycerol (TAG) and non esterified fatty acids (NEFA) at regular intervals. RESULTS There was a significant effect of the three treatments (P = 0.0026) and time (P = 0.021) on percentage FMD. The meals with the grape juice and grape juice plus alcohol produced similar FMD responses but were both significantly greater than the meal with water. The concentration of plasma glucose, TAG and NEFA were similar after each treatment. CONCLUSION Alcohol had no effect on vascular function in the early postprandial phase. These findings provide new evidence to support the potential benefit of non-alcoholic components within alcoholic beverages on vascular function in the fed state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Hampton
- Division of Biochemical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Geusz ME, Blakely KT, Hiler DJ, Jamasbi RJ. Elevated mPer1 gene expression in tumor stroma imaged through bioluminescence. Int J Cancer 2010; 126:620-30. [PMID: 19637242 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.24788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The tumor stroma has significant effects on cancer cell growth and metastasis. Interactions between cancer and stromal cells shape tumor progression through poorly understood mechanisms. One factor regulating tumor growth is the circadian timing system that generates daily physiological rhythms throughout the body. Clock genes such as mPer1 serve in molecular timing events of circadian oscillators and when mutated can disrupt circadian rhythms and accelerate tumor growth. Stimulation of mPer1 by cytokines suggests that the timing of circadian oscillators may be altered by these tumor-derived signals. To explore tumor and stromal interactions, the pattern of mPer1 expression was imaged in tumors generated through subcutaneous injection of Lewis lung carcinoma (LLC) cells. Several imaging studies have used bioluminescent cancer cell lines expressing firefly luciferase to image tumor growth in live mice. In contrast, this study used non-bioluminescent cancer cells to produce tumors within transgenic mice expressing luciferase controlled by the mPer1 gene promoter. Bioluminescence originated only in host cells and was significantly elevated throughout the tumor stroma. It was detected through the skin of live mice or by imaging the tumor directly. No effects on the circadian timing system were detected during three weeks of tumor growth according to wheel-running rhythms. Similarly, no effects on mPer1 expression outside the tumor were found. These results suggest that mPer1 activity may play a localized role in the interactions between cancer and stromal cells. The effects might be exploited clinically by targeting the circadian clock genes of stromal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Geusz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH 43403-0208, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhu W, Zeng J, Yin J, Zhang F, Wu H, Yan S, Wang S. Both flow-mediated vasodilation procedures and acute exercise improve endothelial function in obese young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 2009; 108:727-32. [DOI: 10.1007/s00421-009-1283-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
19
|
Kollias GE, Stamatelopoulos KS, Papaioannou TG, Zakopoulos NA, Alevizaki M, Alexopoulos GP, Kontoyannis DA, Karga H, Koroboki E, Lekakis JP, Papamichael CM. Diurnal variation of endothelial function and arterial stiffness in hypertension. J Hum Hypertens 2009; 23:597-604. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
20
|
Zhu Y, Stevens RG, Leaderer D, Hoffman A, Holford T, Zhang Y, Brown HN, Zheng T. Non-synonymous polymorphisms in the circadian gene NPAS2 and breast cancer risk. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 107:421-5. [PMID: 17453337 PMCID: PMC2366999 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9565-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/09/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Three known non-synonymous polymorphisms (Ala394Thr, Ser471Leu and Pro690Ala) in the largest circadian gene, Neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2), were genotyped in a breast cancer case-control study conducted in Connecticut, USA (431 cases and 476 controls). We found that women with the heterozygous Ala394Thr genotype were significantly associated with breast cancer risk compared to those with the common homozygous Ala394Ala (OR = 0.61, 0.46-0.81, P = 0.001). This is the first evidence demonstrating a role of the circadian gene NPAS2 in human breast cancer, suggesting that genetic variations in circadian genes might be a novel panel of biomarkers for breast cancer risk.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University School of Medicine, LEPH Room 702, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|