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Ma H, Hou T, Wu J, Zhao J, Cao H, Masula M, Wang J. Sevoflurane postconditioning attenuates cardiomyocytes hypoxia/reoxygenation injury via PI3K/AKT pathway mediated HIF-1α to regulate the mitochondrial dynamic balance. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2024; 24:280. [PMID: 38811893 PMCID: PMC11134705 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-024-03868-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (I/RI) is a major cause of perioperative cardiac-related adverse events and death. Studies have shown that sevoflurane postconditioning (SpostC), which attenuates I/R injury and exerts cardioprotective effects, regulates mitochondrial dynamic balance via HIF-1α, but the exact mechanism is unknown. This study investigates whether the PI3K/AKT pathway in SpostC regulates mitochondrial dynamic balance by mediating HIF-1α, thereby exerting myocardial protective effects. METHODS The H9C2 cardiomyocytes were cultured to establish the hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model and randomly divided into 4 groups: Control group, H/R group, sevoflurane postconditioning (H/R + SpostC) group and PI3K/AKT blocker (H/R + SpostC + LY) group. Cell survival rate was determined by CCK-8; Apoptosis rate was determined by flow cytometry; mitochondrial membrane potential was evaluated by Mito Tracker™ Red; mRNA expression levels of AKT, HIF-1α, Opa1and Drp1 were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR); Western Blot assay was used to detect the protein expression levels of AKT, phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT), HIF-1α, Opa1 and Drp1. RESULTS Compared with the H/R group, the survival rate of cardiomyocytes in the H/R + SpostC group increased, the apoptosis rate decreased and the mitochondrial membrane potential increased. qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA expression of HIF-1α and Opa1 were higher in the H/R + SpostC group compared with the H/R group, whereas the transcription level of Drp1 was lower in the H/R + SpostC group. In the H/R + SpostC + LY group, the mRNA expression of HIF-1α was lower than the H/R + SpostC group. There was no difference in the expression of Opa1 mRNA between the H/R group and the H/R + SpostC + LY group. WB assay results showed that compared with the H/R group, the protein expression levels of HIF-1α, Opa1, P-AKT were increased and Drp1 protein expression levels were decreased in the H/R + SpostC group. HIF-1α, P-AKT protein expression levels were decreased in the H/R + SpostC + LY group compared to the H/R + SpostC group. CONCLUSION SpostC mediates HIF-1α-regulated mitochondrial fission and fusion-related protein expression to maintain mitochondrial dynamic balance by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway and increasing AKT phosphorylation, thereby attenuating myocardial I/R injury.
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MESH Headings
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Animals
- Myocytes, Cardiac/drug effects
- Myocytes, Cardiac/pathology
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/enzymology
- Sevoflurane/pharmacology
- Signal Transduction
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/pathology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/prevention & control
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/enzymology
- Mitochondrial Dynamics/drug effects
- Cell Line
- Rats
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/drug effects
- Mitochondria, Heart/metabolism
- Mitochondria, Heart/pathology
- Mitochondria, Heart/enzymology
- Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial/drug effects
- Cell Hypoxia
- Dynamins/metabolism
- Dynamins/genetics
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/metabolism
- GTP Phosphohydrolases/genetics
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cytoprotection
- Ischemic Postconditioning
- Phosphorylation
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiping Ma
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Tianliang Hou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Jianjiang Wu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Jiyao Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Haoran Cao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Maisitanguli Masula
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, 393 Xinyi Road, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, 830000, China.
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Shepherd AI, James TJ, Gould AAM, Mayes H, Neal R, Shute J, Tipton MJ, Massey H, Saynor ZL, Perissiou M, Montgomery H, Sturgess C, Makaronidis J, Murray AJ, Grocott MPW, Cummings M, Young-Min S, Rennell-Smyth J, McNarry MA, Mackintosh KA, Dent H, Robson SC, Corbett J. Impact of nocturnal hypoxia on glycaemic control, appetite, gut microbiota and inflammation in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A single-blind cross-over trial. J Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38769692 DOI: 10.1113/jp285322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
High altitude residents have a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Therefore, we examined the effect of repeated overnight normobaric hypoxic exposure on glycaemic control, appetite, gut microbiota and inflammation in adults with T2DM. Thirteen adults with T2DM [glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c): 61.1 ± 14.1 mmol mol-1; aged 64.2 ± 9.4 years; four female] completed a single-blind, randomised, sham-controlled, cross-over study for 10 nights, sleeping when exposed to hypoxia (fractional inspired O2 [F I O 2 ${{F}_{{\mathrm{I}}{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ ] = 0.155; ∼2500 m simulated altitude) or normoxic conditions (F I O 2 ${{F}_{{\mathrm{I}}{{{\mathrm{O}}}_{\mathrm{2}}}}}$ = 0.209) in a randomised order. Outcome measures included: fasted plasma [glucose]; [hypoxia inducible factor-1α]; [interleukin-6]; [tumour necrosis factor-α]; [interleukin-10]; [heat shock protein 70]; [butyric acid]; peak plasma [glucose] and insulin sensitivity following a 2 h oral glucose tolerance test; body composition; appetite indices ([leptin], [acyl ghrelin], [peptide YY], [glucagon-like peptide-1]); and gut microbiota diversity and abundance [16S rRNA amplicon sequencing]. During intervention periods, accelerometers measured physical activity, sleep duration and efficiency, whereas continuous glucose monitors were used to assess estimated HbA1c and glucose management indicator and time in target range. Overnight hypoxia was not associated with changes in any outcome measure (P > 0.05 with small effect sizes) except fasting insulin sensitivity and gut microbiota alpha diversity, which exhibited trends (P = 0.10; P = 0.08 respectively) for a medium beneficial effect (d = 0.49; d = 0.59 respectively). Ten nights of overnight moderate hypoxic exposure did not significantly affect glycaemic control, gut microbiome, appetite, or inflammation in adults with T2DM. However, the intervention was well tolerated and a medium effect-size for improved insulin sensitivity and reduced alpha diversity warrants further investigation. KEY POINTS: Living at altitude lowers the incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Animal studies suggest that exposure to hypoxia may lead to weight loss and suppressed appetite. In a single-blind, randomised sham-controlled, cross-over trial, we assessed the effects of 10 nights of hypoxia (fractional inspired O2 ∼0.155) on glucose homeostasis, appetite, gut microbiota, inflammatory stress ([interleukin-6]; [tumour necrosis factor-α]; [interleukin-10]) and hypoxic stress ([hypoxia inducible factor 1α]; heat shock protein 70]) in 13 adults with T2DM. Appetite and inflammatory markers were unchanged following hypoxic exposure, but an increased insulin sensitivity and reduced gut microbiota alpha diversity were associated with a medium effect-size and statistical trends, which warrant further investigation using a definitive large randomised controlled trial. Hypoxic exposure may represent a viable therapeutic intervention in people with T2DM and particularly those unable or unwilling to exercise because barriers to uptake and adherence may be lower than for other lifestyle interventions (e.g. diet and exercise).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony I Shepherd
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Clinical Health and Rehabilitation Team, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Thomas J James
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Clinical Health and Rehabilitation Team, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Alex A M Gould
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Harry Mayes
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Rebecca Neal
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Bournemouth University, Poole, UK
| | - Janis Shute
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Michael J Tipton
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Heather Massey
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Zoe L Saynor
- Clinical Health and Rehabilitation Team, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Maria Perissiou
- Clinical Health and Rehabilitation Team, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Hugh Montgomery
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, Dept Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Connie Sturgess
- Centre for Human Health and Performance, Dept Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Janine Makaronidis
- Centre for Obesity Research, University College London, London, UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research, University College London Hospitals Biomedical Research Centre, London, UK
| | - Andrew J Murray
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P W Grocott
- Perioperative and Critical Care Theme, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton & University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Michael Cummings
- Diabetes and Endocrinology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Steven Young-Min
- Rheumatology Department, Portsmouth Hospitals University NHS Trust, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Janet Rennell-Smyth
- Clinical Health and Rehabilitation Team, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Patient and public involvement member
| | - Melitta A McNarry
- School of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Kelly A Mackintosh
- School of Biological Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Hannah Dent
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Institute of Life Sciences and Healthcare, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Samuel C Robson
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
- Applied Sports, Technology, Exercise and Medicine (A-STEM) Research Centre, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Institute of Life Sciences and Healthcare, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
| | - Jo Corbett
- Extreme Environments Laboratory, School of Sport, Health and Exercise Science, Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Feng C, Tian Q, Tang X, Yu J, Li H, Geng C, Xu L. microRNA-9a-5p disrupts the ELAVL1/VEGF axis to alleviate traumatic brain injury. Exp Neurol 2024; 375:114721. [PMID: 38342180 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Plasma microRNA (miR)-9 has been identified as a promising diagnostic biomarker for traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study aims to investigate the possible role and mechanisms of miR-9a-5p affecting TBI. Microarray-based gene expression profiling of TBI was used for screening differentially expressed miRNAs and genes. TBI rat models were established. miR-9a-5p, ELAVL1 and VEGF expression in the brain tissue of TBI rats was detected. The relationship among miR-9a-5p, ELAVL1 and VEGF was tested. TBI modeled rats were injected with miR-9a-5p-, ELAVL1 or VEGF-related sequences to identify their effects on TBI. miR-9a-5p was poorly expressed in the brain tissue of rats with TBI. ELAVL1 was a downstream target gene of miR-9a-5p, which could negatively regulate its expression. Enforced miR-9a-5p expression prevented brain tissue damage in TBI rats by targeting ELAVL1. Meanwhile, ELAVL1 could increase the expression of VEGF, which was highly expressed in the brain tissue of rats with TBI. In addition, ectopically expressed miR-9a-5p alleviated brain tissue damage in TBI rats by downregulating the ELAVL1/VEGF axis. Overall, miR-9a-5p can potentially reduce brain tissue damage in TBI rats by targeting ELAVL1 and down-regulating VEGF expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxi Feng
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Qiuyan Tian
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Xiaojuan Tang
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Jian Yu
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Neonatology, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China
| | - Changxing Geng
- School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
| | - Lixiao Xu
- Institute of Pediatric Research, Children's Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou 215000, PR China.
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4
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Chatzimichail E, Pfau K, Gatzioufas Z, Panos GD. Ranibizumab Biosimilars in Treating Retinal Disorders: A Cost-Effective Revolution? Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:365-374. [PMID: 38347957 PMCID: PMC10860804 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s457303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Ranibizumab, is a humanized, monoclonal antibody fragment that binds and inactivates vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and VEGF-B. One of the main indications for an intravitreal treatment with ranibizumab is age-related macular degeneration (AMD), which is a retinal disease with a high worldwide socioeconomic impact. Biosimilars constitute biological products that demonstrate similar pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic characteristics with a reference product, as well as comparable clinical efficacy, safety and immunogenicity. Since the approval of the first biosimilar Razumab, there has been a variety of new biosimilars available on the market. They offer the advantage of the same good clinical and safety results at a better price. All Ranibizumab biosimilars that have gained approval were tested in double masked Phase 3 clinical studies. The use of Ranibizumab biosimilars in neovascular AMD is well reported in the bibliography. Nevertheless, over the last few years, there is a tendency of using biosimilars in other retinal diseases like retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), diabetic macular edema (DME) or polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). In conclusion, ranibizumab biosimilars offer a promising avenue for the management of retinal diseases, especially in countries with lower socioeconomic status, where there is lack of availability of innovator ranibizumab. However, further research is required to fully explore their efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes in a plethora of retinal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristina Pfau
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Zisis Gatzioufas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Georgios D Panos
- Department of Ophthalmology, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK
- Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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5
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Sutton GD, Jiang C, Liu G, Teets TS. Ratiometric oxygen sensors of cyclometalated iridium(III) with enhanced quantum yields and variable dynamic ranges. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:3195-3202. [PMID: 36794766 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt00350g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Four luminescent ratiometric oxygen sensors, pairing phosphorescent cyclometalated iridium with coumarin or BODIPY fluorophores, are presented here. These compounds realize three key improvements over our previous designs, namely higher phosphorescence quantum yields, the ability to access intermediate dynamic ranges better suited for typical atmospheric O2 levels, and the possibility of using visible excitation instead of UV. These ratiometric sensors are accessed via very simple, 1-step syntheses involving direct reaction of the chloro-bridged cyclometalated iridium dimer with the pyridyl-substituted fluorophore. They have phosphorescent quantum yields up to 29% with short to intermediate phosphoresence lifetimes ranging from 1.7 to 5.3 μs in three of the sensors, with the fourth having a long lifetime of 440 μs that is very responsive to oxygen. In one case, visible excitation of 430 nm is used to provide dual emission instead of UV excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory D Sutton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Chenggang Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Gardenia Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA.
| | - Thomas S Teets
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, 3585 Cullen Blvd., Room 112, Houston, TX, 77204-5003, USA.
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The functions and molecular mechanisms of Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) implicated in the pathophysiology of cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109581. [PMID: 36527874 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Currently, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death worldwide, and at the same time, the burden of cancer continues to increase. The underlying molecular pathways involved in the initiation and development of cancer are the subject of considerable research worldwide. Further understanding of these pathways may lead to new cancer treatments. Growing data suggest that Tribble's homolog 3 (TRIB3) is essential in oncogenesis in many types of cancer. The mammalian tribbles family's proteins regulate various cellular and physiological functions, such as the cell cycle, stress response, signal transduction, propagation, development, differentiation, immunity, inflammatory processes, and metabolism. To exert their activities, Tribbles proteins must alter key signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/AKT pathways. Recent evidence supports that TRIB3 dysregulation has been linked to various diseases, including tumor development and chemoresistance. It has been speculated that TRIB3 may either promote or inhibit the onset and development of cancer. However, it is still unclear how TRIB3 performs this dual function in cancer. In this review, we present and discuss the most recent data on the role of TRIB3 in cancer pathophysiology and chemoresistance. Furthermore, we describe in detail the molecular mechanism TRIB3 regulates in cancer.
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Blood Glucose, HbA1c Level, and its Correlation with VEGF-A (+405G/C) Polymorphism as Biomarker Predicts the Risk of Retinopathy and Nephropathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients. Rep Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 11:421-429. [PMID: 36718295 PMCID: PMC9883040 DOI: 10.52547/rbmb.11.3.421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Background Diabetes-related vascular complications linked to increase in the expression of VEGF and its receptors. It helps to accelerate tissue damage inflicted by hyperglycemia, which is potential risk for diabetic complications. The study aimed to assess VEGF genetic polymorphism and its correlation with glucose and HbA1C level among Sudanese patients with diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy. Methods A case-control study was conducted among a total of 252 subjects and divided into four groups of 63 subjects each. Glucose and HBA1c were measured then the VEGF gene was amplified using polymerase chain reaction. The data were analyzed using SPSS. Results The HBA1c, and blood glucose levels had significantly (P value≤0.00001) highest mean in the DR group, DN group followed by DM. There is a non-significant correlation between VEGF Genotypes and HbA1c, and blood glucose levels (P value≤0.102, 0.173) Patients with GC genotypes will be 74.6%, and 54% higher at risk to develop DR, and DN respectively and 40 % lower at risk to develop DM than those without GC genotype. While patients with CC genotypes will be 22.2% higher at risk of developing DM and 9.5%, 12.2% higher at risk of developing DR and DN respectively. Discussion The VEGF +405G/C gene polymorphism is linked to diabetic retinopathy, and diabetic nephropathy in type 2 Sudanese diabetics, and the presence of the GC genotypes and G allele is a significant predictor for retinopathy. There is no significant relation between HbA1C serum levels, blood glucose, and the VEGF +405G/C gene polymorphism.
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Lius EE, Syafaah I. Hyperoxia in the management of respiratory failure: A literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2022; 81:104393. [PMID: 36147110 PMCID: PMC9486660 DOI: 10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Management of respiratory failure is closely related to oxygen supplementation. Thus, its administration needed special attention according to indications to avoid the toxic effect. Oxygen supplementation in conditions of respiratory failure aims to overcome hypoxemia. Excessive oxygen exposure can cause oxygen toxicity and lead to hyperoxia. Hyperoxia is a condition in which there is an excess supply of oxygen in the tissues and organs. Clinically, respiratory failure is diagnosed if the PaO2 is less than 60 mmHg with or without an increase in carbon dioxide when the patient breathes room air. Respiratory failure is divided into acute (sudden) respiratory failure and chronic (slow) respiratory failure. The basis for managing respiratory failure consists of supportive/non-specific and causative/specific management. Oxygen should be prescribed wisely not to cause injury to organs such as the heart, lungs, eyes, nervous system, and others. Hyperoxia often occurs in managing respiratory failure, so it requires supervision, especially in administering oxygen. Oxygen should be given as needed to avoid hyperoxia. In oxygen therapy, it is necessary to pay attention to the patient's condition because each condition requires different oxygen concentrations, so dose adjustments are necessary. These conditions can be divided into critical, severe, and observation conditions. The target oxygen saturation in all these conditions is 94–98%. The use of oxygen therapy should not be excessive. Excess oxygen therapy can cause hyperoxia (oxygen toxicity). Oxygen therapy must be adjusted to the patient's condition.
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9
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Lactate dehydrogenase as promising marker for prognosis of brain metastasis. J Neurooncol 2022; 159:359-368. [PMID: 35794505 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-022-04070-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a biomarker for cancer. However, the relationship between serum LDH levels and the survival of patients with brain metastasis has been fully revealed. We aimed to evaluate the serum LDH levels and assess its prognostic value in patients with BM. METHODS The serum LDH levels were collected from 2507 patients with BM. Patients were categorized into four groups according to the quartile of serum LDH levels. The association between serum LDH levels and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using Cox regression models and Kaplan-Meier curves. Three predictive models were used to evaluate patients. RESULTS The Kaplan-Meier curve for survival by the serum LDH group demonstrates clear separation between four groups (P < 0.001). The participants in the lower group had longer OS than those in the higher group. After adjusting in multivariate Cox regression models remained significant for patients in the Q4 compared with patients in the Q1 (Q4:Q1 OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.38-1.80). Furthermore, the GPA-LDH model generates a pooled area under the curve of 0.630 (95% CI 0.600, 0.660). CONCLUSIONS Serum LDH levels and OS in patients with brain metastasis is an inverse association. Moreover, Serum LDH levels can improve the prognosis of the GPA model.
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10
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Dwaib HS, AlZaim I, Ajouz G, Eid AH, El-Yazbi A. Sex Differences in Cardiovascular Impact of Early Metabolic Impairment: Interplay between Dysbiosis and Adipose Inflammation. Mol Pharmacol 2022; 102:481-500. [PMID: 34732528 DOI: 10.1124/molpharm.121.000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolving view of gut microbiota has shifted toward describing the colonic flora as a dynamic organ in continuous interaction with systemic physiologic processes. Alterations of the normal gut bacterial profile, known as dysbiosis, has been linked to a wide array of pathologies. Of particular interest is the cardiovascular-metabolic disease continuum originating from positive energy intake and high-fat diets. Accumulating evidence suggests a role for sex hormones in modulating the gut microbiome community. Such a role provides an additional layer of modulation of the early inflammatory changes culminating in negative metabolic and cardiovascular outcomes. In this review, we will shed the light on the role of sex hormones in cardiovascular dysfunction mediated by high-fat diet-induced dysbiosis, together with the possible involvement of insulin resistance and adipose tissue inflammation. Insights into novel therapeutic interventions will be discussed as well. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Increasing evidence implicates a role for dysbiosis in the cardiovascular complications of metabolic dysfunction. This minireview summarizes the available data on the sex-based differences in gut microbiota alterations associated with dietary patterns leading to metabolic impairment. A role for a differential impact of adipose tissue inflammation across sexes in mediating the cardiovascular detrimental phenotype following diet-induced dysbiosis is proposed. Better understanding of this pathway will help introduce early approaches to mitigate cardiovascular deterioration in metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haneen S Dwaib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
| | - Ibrahim AlZaim
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
| | - Ghina Ajouz
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
| | - Ahmed El-Yazbi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine (H.S.D., I.A., G.A., A.E.-Y.), Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences (H.S.D.), American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon (I.A.); Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine (A.H.E.), Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health (A.H.E.), Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt (A.E.-Y.); and Faculty of Pharmacy, Alalamein International University, Alalamein, Egypt (A.E.-Y.)
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11
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Effect of Hypoxia-Induced Micro-RNAs Expression on Oncogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116294. [PMID: 35682972 PMCID: PMC9181687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. An aberrant regulation of gene expression by miRNAs is associated with numerous diseases, including cancer. MiRNAs expression can be influenced by various stimuli, among which hypoxia; however, the effects of different types of continuous hypoxia (moderate or marked) on miRNAs are still poorly studied. Lately, some hypoxia-inducible miRNAs (HRMs, hypoxia-regulated miRNAs) have been identified. These HRMs are often activated in different types of cancers, suggesting their role in tumorigenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in miRNAs expression both in moderate continuous hypoxia and marked continuous hypoxia to better understand the possible relationship between hypoxia, miRNAs, and colorectal cancer. We used RT-PCR to detect the miRNAs expression in colorectal cancer cell lines in conditions of moderate and marked continuous hypoxia. The expression of miRNAs was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA test to compare the differential expression of miRNAs among groups. The levels of almost all analyzed miRNAs (miR-21, miR-23b, miR-26a, miR-27b, and miR-145) were greater in moderate hypoxia versus marked hypoxia, except for miR-23b and miR-21. This study identified a series of miRNAs involved in the response to different types of continuous hypoxia (moderate and marked), highlighting that they play a role in the development of cancer. To date, there are no other studies that demonstrate how these two types of continuous hypoxia could be able to activate different molecular pathways that lead to a different expression of specific miRNAs involved in tumorigenesis.
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12
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Farhat E, Talarico GGM, Grégoire M, Weber JM, Mennigen JA. Epigenetic and post-transcriptional repression support metabolic suppression in chronically hypoxic goldfish. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5576. [PMID: 35368037 PMCID: PMC8976842 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Goldfish enter a hypometabolic state to survive chronic hypoxia. We recently described tissue-specific contributions of membrane lipid composition remodeling and mitochondrial function to metabolic suppression across different goldfish tissues. However, the molecular and especially epigenetic foundations of hypoxia tolerance in goldfish under metabolic suppression are not well understood. Here we show that components of the molecular oxygen-sensing machinery are robustly activated across tissues irrespective of hypoxia duration. Induction of gene expression of enzymes involved in DNA methylation turnover and microRNA biogenesis suggest a role for epigenetic transcriptional and post-transcriptional suppression of gene expression in the hypoxia-acclimated brain. Conversely, mechanistic target of rapamycin-dependent translational machinery activity is not reduced in liver and white muscle, suggesting this pathway does not contribute to lowering cellular energy expenditure. Finally, molecular evidence supports previously reported chronic hypoxia-dependent changes in membrane cholesterol, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function via changes in transcripts involved in cholesterol biosynthesis, β-oxidation, and mitochondrial fusion in multiple tissues. Overall, this study shows that chronic hypoxia robustly induces expression of oxygen-sensing machinery across tissues, induces repressive transcriptional and post-transcriptional epigenetic marks especially in the chronic hypoxia-acclimated brain and supports a role for membrane remodeling and mitochondrial function and dynamics in promoting metabolic suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Farhat
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Giancarlo G M Talarico
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mélissa Grégoire
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Weber
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Jan A Mennigen
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.
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13
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Babayev E, Duncan FE. Age-associated changes in cumulus cells and follicular fluid: the local oocyte microenvironment as a determinant of gamete quality. Biol Reprod 2022; 106:351-365. [PMID: 34982142 PMCID: PMC8862720 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ovary is the first organ to age in humans with functional decline evident already in women in their early 30s. Reproductive aging is characterized by a decrease in oocyte quantity and quality, which is associated with an increase in infertility, spontaneous abortions, and birth defects. Reproductive aging also has implications for overall health due to decreased endocrinological output. Understanding the mechanisms underlying reproductive aging has significant societal implications as women globally are delaying childbearing and medical interventions have greatly increased the interval between menopause and total lifespan. Age-related changes inherent to the female gamete are well-characterized and include defects in chromosome and mitochondria structure, function, and regulation. More recently, it has been appreciated that the extra-follicular ovarian environment may have important direct or indirect impacts on the developing gamete, and age-dependent changes include increased fibrosis, inflammation, stiffness, and oxidative damage. The cumulus cells and follicular fluid that directly surround the oocyte during its final growth phase within the antral follicle represent additional critical local microenvironments. Here we systematically review the literature and evaluate the studies that investigated the age-related changes in cumulus cells and follicular fluid. Our findings demonstrate unique genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, and proteomic changes with associated metabolomic alterations, redox status imbalance, and increased apoptosis in the local oocyte microenvironment. We propose a model of how these changes interact, which may explain the rapid decline in gamete quality with age. We also review the limitations of published studies and highlight future research frontiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elnur Babayev
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Francesca E Duncan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
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14
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Maliszewski D, Drozdowska D. Recent Advances in the Biological Activity of s-Triazine Core Compounds. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:221. [PMID: 35215333 PMCID: PMC8875733 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective strategy for successful chemotherapy relies on creating compounds with high selectivity against cancer cells compared to normal cells and relatively low cytotoxicity. One such approach is the discovery of critical points in cancer cells, i.e., where specific enzymes that are potential therapeutic targets are generated. Triazine is a six-membered heterocyclic ring compound with three nitrogen replacing carbon-hydrogen units in the benzene ring structure. The subject of this review is the symmetrical 1,3,5-triazine, known as s-triazine. 1,3,5-triazine is one of the oldest heterocyclic compounds available. Because of its low cost and high availability, it has attracted researcher attention for novel synthesis. s-Triazine has a weak base, it has much weaker resonance energy than benzene, therefore, nucleophilic substitution is preferred to electrophilic substitution. Heterocyclic bearing a symmetrical s-triazine core represents an interesting class of compounds possessing a wide spectrum of biological properties such as anti-cancer, antiviral, fungicidal, insecticidal, bactericidal, herbicidal and antimicrobial, antimalarial agents. They also have applications as dyes, lubricants, and analytical reagents. Hence, the group of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives has developed over the years. Triazine is not only the core amongst them, but is also a factor increasing the kinetic potential of the entire derivatives. Modifying the structure and introducing new substituents makes it possible to obtain compounds with broad inhibitory activity on processes such as proliferation. In some cases, s-triazine derivatives induce cell apoptosis. In this review we will present currently investigated 1,3,5-triazine derivatives with anti-cancer activities, with particular emphasis on their inhibition of enzymes involved in the process of tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawid Maliszewski
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
| | - Danuta Drozdowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-222 Białystok, Poland
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15
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Liu Y, Xue C, Lu H, Zhou Y, Guan R, Wang J, Zhang Q, Ke T, Aschner M, Zhang W, Luo W. Hypoxia causes mitochondrial dysfunction and brain memory disorder in a manner mediated by the reduction of Cirbp. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:151228. [PMID: 34715218 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Environmental hypoxic hazard has increasingly become a global public health issue, with impelling evidences supporting the relation between hypoxia and cognitive disorders. As a potent stressor, hypoxia causes mitochondrial dysfunction with insufficient energy production, thus the formation of brain memory disorder. Yet, the underlying molecular mechanism/s against hypoxia induced injury have yet to be identified. Here, we report that cold inducible RNA binding protein (Cirbp) attenuates hypoxia induced insufficient energy production and oxidative stress. Further analyses show that Cirbp sustains protein levels of respiratory chain complexes II (SDHB) and IV (MT-CO1), and directly binds the 3'UTR of Atp5g3 to control mitochondrial homeostasis and ATP biogenesis upon hypoxic stress. Altogether, our data establish Cirbp as a critical protective factor against hypoxic health hazard and provide novel insights into its latent regulation network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Chong Xue
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Huanyu Lu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Ruili Guan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Tao Ke
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States of America
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China.
| | - Wenjing Luo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, Fourth Military Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Lab of Hazard Assessment and Control in Special Operational Environment, Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Xi'an 710032, China.
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16
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Sassu CM, Palaia I, Boccia SM, Caruso G, Perniola G, Tomao F, Di Donato V, Musella A, Muzii L. Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Platinum-Resistant Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413650. [PMID: 34948446 PMCID: PMC8707281 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) is the second most common cause of death in women with gynecological cancer. Considering the poor prognosis, particularly in the case of platinum-resistant (PtR) disease, a huge effort was made to define new biomarkers able to help physicians in approaching and treating these challenging patients. Currently, most data can be obtained from tumor biopsy samples, but this is not always available and implies a surgical procedure. On the other hand, circulating biomarkers are detected with non-invasive methods, although this might require expensive techniques. Given the fervent hope in their value, here we focused on the most studied circulating biomarkers that could play a role in PtR OC.
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17
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Sun Y, Zhang C, Tian D, Bai J, Li Y, Yu X, Yang J, Wang X, Dong Y, Yang M, Kang Z, Zhang Q, Gao F. Application of 7.0 T ultra-high-field MRI in evaluating the structure and function of the right ventricle of the heart in rats under a chronic hypoxic environment at high altitude. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:1585. [PMID: 34790791 PMCID: PMC8576710 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-5078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Long-term exposure to a high-altitude environment with low pressure and low oxygen can cause abnormalities in the structure and function of the heart, in particular the right ventricle. Monitoring the structure and function of the right ventricle is therefore essential for early diagnosis and prognosis of high-altitude heart-related diseases. In this study, 7.0 T MRI is used to detect cardiac structure and function indicators of rats in natural plateau and plain environments. Methods Rats in two groups were raised in different environments from 6 weeks of age for a period of 12 weeks. At 18 weeks of age both groups underwent 7.0 T cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) scanning. Professional cardiac post-processing software was used to analyze right ventricular end-diastolic volume (RVEDV), right ventricular end-systolic volume (RVESV), right ventricular stroke volume (RVSV), right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF), Right ventricular end-diastolic myocardial mass (RV Myo mass, diast), Right ventricular end-systolic myocardial mass (RV Myo mass, syst), tricuspid valve end-diastolic caliber (TVD), tricuspid valve end-systolic caliber (TVS), right ventricular end-systolic long-axis (RVESL) and right ventricular end-diastolic long-axis (RVEDL). Prior to the CMR scan, blood was collected from the two groups of rats for evaluation of blood indicators. After the scan, the rats were sacrificed and the myocardial tissue morphology observed under a light microscope. Results In the group of rats subject to chronic hypoxia at high altitude for 12 weeks (the plateau group), red blood cell (RBC) count, hemoglobin (HGB) and hematocrit (HCT) increased (P<0.05); RVEDV, RVESV, RVSV, RV Myo mass (diast), RV Myo mass (syst), TVS, RVESL, and RVEDL also increased (P<0.05). Observation of the right ventricle of rats in the plateau group using a light microscope mainly showed a slightly widened myocardial space, myocardial cell turbidity, vacuolar degeneration, myocardial interstitial edema, vascular congestion and a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration. Conclusions The importance of ultra-high-field MRI for monitoring the early stages of rat heart injury has been demonstrated by studying the changes in the structure and function of the right ventricle of rats subject to chronic hypoxia at high altitude over a period of 12 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiu Sun
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Chenhong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Dengfeng Tian
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Junhu Bai
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yaodong Li
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xiaosheng Yu
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xueling Wang
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yongxing Dong
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Mei Yang
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Zhiqiang Kang
- Department of Radiology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Fabao Gao
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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18
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Chatziralli I, Loewenstein A. Intravitreal Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Agents for the Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy: A Review of the Literature. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081137. [PMID: 34452097 PMCID: PMC8399287 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the leading cause of blindness in the working-age population. The purpose of this review is to gather the existing literature regarding the use of the approved anti-vascular endothelial growth (anti-VEGF) agents in the treatment of DR. Methods: A comprehensive literature review in PubMed engine search was performed for articles written in English language up to 1 July 2021, using the keywords “diabetic retinopathy”, “ranibizumab”, “aflibercept”, and “anti-VEGF”. Emphasis was given on pivotal trials and recent robust studies. Results: Intravitreal anti-VEGF agents have been found to significantly improve visual acuity and reduce retinal thickness in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) in a long-term follow-up ranging from 1 to 5 years and are considered the standard-of-care in such patients. Regarding DR, intravitreal anti-VEGF agents provided ≥2-step improvement in DR severity on color fundus photography in about 30–35% of patients with NPDR at baseline, in the majority of clinical trials originally designed to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in patients with DME. Protocol S and CLARITY study have firstly reported that intravitreal anti-VEGF agents are non-inferior to panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) in patients with proliferative DR (PDR). However, the use of new imaging modalities, such as optical coherence tomography-angiography and wide-field fluorescein angiography, reveals conflicting results about the impact of anti-VEGF agents on the regression of retinal non-perfusion in patients with DR. Furthermore, one should consider the high “loss to follow-up” rate and its devastating consequences especially in patients with PDR, when deciding to treat the latter with intravitreal anti-VEGF agents alone compared to PRP. In patients with PDR, combination of treatment of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents and PRP has been also supported. Moreover, in the specific case of vitreous hemorrhage or tractional retinal detachment as complications of PDR, intravitreal anti-VEGF agents have been found to be beneficial as an adjunct to pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), most commonly given 3–7 days before PPV, offering reduction in the recurrence of vitreous hemorrhage. Conclusions: There is no general consensus regarding the use of intravitreal anti-VEGF agents in patients with DR. Although anti-VEGF agents are the gold standard in the treatment of DME and seem to improve DR severity, challenges in their use exist and should be taken into account in the decision of treatment, based on an individualized approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Chatziralli
- 2nd Department of Ophthalmology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 12462 Athens, Greece;
| | - Anat Loewenstein
- Division of Ophthalmology, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6423906, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv-Yafo 6997801, Israel
- Correspondence:
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19
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Fradico JRB, Campi-Azevedo AC, Peruhype-Magalhães V, Coelho-Dos-Reis JGA, Faria ES, Drumond BP, de Rezende IM, Almeida JF, da Silva RB, Gusmão JD, Arcoverde Medeiros EL, Rodrigues RCM, Ribeiro JGL, Pereira MA, Silva MVF, Rocha MLC, Adelino TER, de Melo Iani FC, Pereira GC, Fernandes EG, Auxiliadora-Martins M, Valim V, de Souza Gomes M, Amaral LR, Romano APM, Ramos DG, Carvalho SMD, Fantinato FFST, do Carmo Said RF, Teixeira-Carvalho A, Martins-Filho OA. CCL3, CCL5, IL-15, IL-1Ra and VEGF compose a reliable algorithm to discriminate classes of adverse events following 17DD-YF primary vaccination according to cause-specific definitions. Vaccine 2021; 39:4359-4372. [PMID: 34147295 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, a range of serum biomarkers were quantified in suspected cases of adverse events following YF immunization (YEL-AEFI) to propose a reliable laboratorial algorithm to discriminate confirmed YEL-AEFI ("A1" class) from cases with other illnesses ("C" class). Our findings demonstrated that increased levels of CXCL8, CCL2, CXCL10, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α were observed in YEL-AEFI ("A1" and "C" classes) as compared to primary vaccines without YEL-AEFI [PV(day 3-28)] and reference range (RR) controls. Notably, increased levels of CCL3, CCL4, CCL2, CCL5, IL-1β, IL-15, IL-1Ra and G-CSF were found in "A1" as compared to "C" class. Venn diagrams analysis allowed the pre-selection of biomarkers for further analysis of performance indices. Data demonstrated that CCL3, CCL5, IL-15 and IL-1Ra presented high global accuracy (AUC = 1.00) to discriminate "A1" from "C". Decision tree was proposed with a reliable algorithm to discriminate YEL-AEFI cases according to cause-specific definitions with outstanding overall accuracy (91%). CCL3, CCL5, IL-15 and IL-1Ra appears as root attributes to identify "A1" followed by VEGF as branch nodes to discriminate Wild Type YFV infection ("C(WT-YFV)") from cases with other illnesses ("C*"). Together, these results demonstrated the applicability of serum biomarker measurements as putative parameters towards the establishment of accurate laboratorial tools for complementary differential diagnosis of YEL-AEFI cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordana Rodrigues Barbosa Fradico
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Ana Carolina Campi-Azevedo
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Peruhype-Magalhães
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Jordana Grazziela Alves Coelho-Dos-Reis
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Laboratório de Virologia Básica e Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Elaine Spezialli Faria
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Betânia Paiva Drumond
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Izabela Maurício de Rezende
- Laboratório de Vírus, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Maira Alves Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias - FUNED, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marília Lima Cruz Rocha
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias - FUNED, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Glauco Carvalho Pereira
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública, Fundação Ezequiel Dias - FUNED, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Eder Gatti Fernandes
- Divisão de Imunização, Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica Professor Alexandre Vranjac. Coordenadoria de Controle de Doenças. Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Auxiliadora-Martins
- Hospital das Clínicas - HC, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - FMRP, Universidade de São Paulo - USP, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Valéria Valim
- Divisão de Reumatologia, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo - UFES, Vitória, ES, Brazil
| | - Matheus de Souza Gomes
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Rede Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
| | - Laurence Rodrigues Amaral
- Laboratório de Bioinformática e Análises Moleculares, Rede Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Campus Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Pecego Martins Romano
- Departamento de Imunização e Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel Garkauskas Ramos
- Departamento de Imunização e Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Sandra Maria Deotti Carvalho
- Departamento de Imunização e Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Fabiano do Carmo Said
- Secretaria de Estado de Saúde de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; Departamento de Imunização e Vigilância das Doenças Transmissíveis, Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Andréa Teixeira-Carvalho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Olindo Assis Martins-Filho
- Grupo Integrado de Pesquisas em Biomarcadores, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ-Minas, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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20
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Preusse C, Eede P, Heinzeling L, Freitag K, Koll R, Froehlich W, Schneider U, Allenbach Y, Benveniste O, Schänzer A, Goebel HH, Stenzel W, Radke J. NanoString technology distinguishes anti-TIF-1γ + from anti-Mi-2 + dermatomyositis patients. Brain Pathol 2021; 31:e12957. [PMID: 34043263 PMCID: PMC8412076 DOI: 10.1111/bpa.12957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermatomyositis (DM) is a systemic idiopathic inflammatory disease affecting skeletal muscle and skin, clinically characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and typical skin lesions. Recently, myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSA) became of utmost importance because they strongly correlate with distinct clinical manifestations and prognosis. Antibodies against transcription intermediary factor 1γ (TIF-1γ) are frequently associated with increased risk of malignancy, a specific cutaneous phenotype and limited response to therapy in adult DM patients. Anti-Mi-2 autoantibodies, in contrast, are typically associated with classic DM rashes, prominent skeletal muscle weakness, better therapeutic response and prognosis, and less frequently with cancer. Nevertheless, the sensitivity of autoantibody testing is only moderate, and alternative reliable methods for DM patient stratification and prediction of cancer risk are needed. To further investigate these clinically distinct DM subgroups, we herein analyzed 30 DM patients (n = 15 Mi-2+ and n = 15 TIF-1 γ+ ) and n = 8 non-disease controls (NDC). We demonstrate that the NanoString technology can be used as a very sensitive method to clearly differentiate these two clinically distinct DM subgroups. Using the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel™, we identified a set of significantly dysregulated genes in anti-TIF-1γ+ patient muscle biopsies including VEGFA, DDX58, IFNB1, CCL5, IL12RB2, and CD84. Investigation of type I IFN-regulated transcripts revealed a striking type I interferon signature in anti-Mi-2+ patient biopsies. Our results help to stratify both subgroups and predict, which DM patients require an intensified diagnostic procedure and might have a poorer outcome. Potentially, this could also have implications for the therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurology with Institute for Translational Neurology, Münster University Hospital (UKM), Münster, Germany
| | - Pascale Eede
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lucie Heinzeling
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, LMU, Munich, Germany
| | - Kiara Freitag
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) within the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Randi Koll
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany
| | - Waltraud Froehlich
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo Schneider
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yves Allenbach
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Olivier Benveniste
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Immunology, Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Anne Schänzer
- Department of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Hans-Hilmar Goebel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
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21
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Abstract
Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus and the leading cause of blindness in young adults. Prior to anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents, the treatment of DR was based on control of systemic factors and laser photocoagulation. Over the past decade, the use of anti-VEGF agents has revolutionized the treatment of DR, including diabetic macular edema (DME).Areas covered: Ranibizumab has been proven to be effective for the treatment of DME in large clinical trials, while patients in these studies have been assessed in terms of DR severity change. In this review, evidence from randomized trials regarding the use of ranibizumab for DR treatment is presented.Expert opinion: A comprehensive presentation of randomized clinical trials evaluating ranibizumab for DR indicates that it is effective and safe, offering improvement of DR severity in both non-proliferative and proliferative forms. However, there is no general consensus regarding the exact treatment regimen in patients with DR, while the effect of ranibizumab on the progression of retinal ischemia remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irini Chatziralli
- 2 Department of Ophthalmology, Attikon Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Stygar D, Pogorzelska A, Chełmecka E, Skrzep-Poloczek B, Bażanów B, Gębarowski T, Jochem J, Henych J. Graphene Oxide Normal (GO + Mn 2+) and Ultrapure: Short-Term Impact on Selected Antioxidant Stress Markers and Cytokines in NHDF and A549 Cell Lines. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050765. [PMID: 34065001 PMCID: PMC8151183 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Since biological applications and toxicity of graphene-based materials are structure dependent, studying their interactions with the biological systems is very timely and important. We studied short-term (1, 24, and 48 h) effects of ultrapure (GO) and Mn2+-contaminated (GOS) graphene oxide on normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) and adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549) using selected oxidative stress markers and cytokines: glutathione reductase (GR) and catalase (CAT) activity, total antioxidative capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, levels of vascular endothelial growing factor (VEGF), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB), and eotaxin. GOS induced higher levels of oxidative stress, measured with CAT activity, TAC, and MDA concentration than GO in both cell lines when compared to control cells. GR activity decreased in time in NHDF cells but increased in A549 cells. The levels of cytokines were related to the exposure time and graphene oxide type in both analyzed cell lines and their levels comparably increased over time. We observed higher TNF-α levels in NHDF and higher levels of VEGF and eotaxin in the A549 cell line. Both types of cells showed similar susceptibility to GO and GOS. We concluded that the short-time exposure to GOS induced the stronger response of oxidative stress markers without collapsing the antioxidative systems of analysed cells. Increased levels of inflammatory cytokines after GO and GOS exposure were similar both in NHDF and A549 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Stygar
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15 Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (B.S.-P.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-696-222-884
| | - Aleksandra Pogorzelska
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31 Street, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (B.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Elżbieta Chełmecka
- Department of Statistics, Department of Instrumental Analysis, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Ostrogórska 30 Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland;
| | - Bronisława Skrzep-Poloczek
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15 Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (B.S.-P.); (J.J.)
| | - Barbara Bażanów
- Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Norwida 31 Street, 50-375 Wrocław, Poland; (B.B.); (A.P.)
| | - Tomasz Gębarowski
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211 Street, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Jochem
- Department of Physiology in Zabrze, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15 Street, 40-055 Katowice, Poland; (B.S.-P.); (J.J.)
| | - Jiří Henych
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, 250 68 Husinec-Řež, Czech Republic;
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23
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Bardsley EN, Pen DK, McBryde FD, Ford AP, Paton JFR. The inevitability of ATP as a transmitter in the carotid body. Auton Neurosci 2021; 234:102815. [PMID: 33993068 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2021.102815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Atmospheric oxygen concentrations rose markedly at several points in evolutionary history. Each of these increases was followed by an evolutionary leap in organismal complexity, and thus the cellular adaptions we see today have been shaped by the levels of oxygen within our atmosphere. In eukaryotic cells, oxygen is essential for the production of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) which is the 'Universal Energy Currency' of life. Aerobic organisms survived by evolving precise mechanisms for converting oxygen within the environment into energy. Higher mammals developed specialised organs for detecting and responding to changes in oxygen content to maintain gaseous homeostasis for survival. Hypoxia is sensed by the carotid bodies, the primary chemoreceptor organs which utilise multiple neurotransmitters one of which is ATP to evoke compensatory reflexes. Yet, a paradox is presented in oxygen sensing cells of the carotid body when during periods of low oxygen, ATP is seemingly released in abundance to transmit this signal although the synthesis of ATP is theoretically halted because of its dependence on oxygen. We propose potential mechanisms to maintain ATP production in hypoxia and summarise recent data revealing elevated sensitivity of purinergic signalling within the carotid body during conditions of sympathetic overactivity and hypertension. We propose the carotid body is hypoxic in numerous chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and highlight the therapeutic potential for modulating purinergic transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma N Bardsley
- Auckland University, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 85 Park Road, Grafton 1023, New Zealand
| | - Dylan K Pen
- Auckland University, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 85 Park Road, Grafton 1023, New Zealand
| | - Fiona D McBryde
- Auckland University, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 85 Park Road, Grafton 1023, New Zealand
| | - Anthony P Ford
- CuraSen, 930 Brittan Avenue #306, San Carlos, CA 94070, USA
| | - Julian F R Paton
- Auckland University, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, 85 Park Road, Grafton 1023, New Zealand.
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24
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Transcriptomic Changes of Murine Visceral Fat Exposed to Intermittent Hypoxia at Single Cell Resolution. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010261. [PMID: 33383883 PMCID: PMC7795619 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and induces metabolic dysfunction manifesting as inflammation, increased lipolysis and insulin resistance in visceral white adipose tissues (vWAT). However, the cell types and their corresponding transcriptional pathways underlying these functional perturbations are unknown. Here, we applied single nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) coupled with aggregate RNA-seq methods to evaluate the cellular heterogeneity in vWAT following IH exposures mimicking OSA. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to IH and room air (RA) for 6 weeks, and nuclei from vWAT were isolated and processed for snRNA-seq followed by differential expressed gene (DEGs) analyses by cell type, along with gene ontology and canonical pathways enrichment tests of significance. IH induced significant transcriptional changes compared to RA across 14 different cell types identified in vWAT. We identified cell-specific signature markers, transcriptional networks, metabolic signaling pathways, and cellular subpopulation enrichment in vWAT. Globally, we also identify 298 common regulated genes across multiple cellular types that are associated with metabolic pathways. Deconvolution of cell types in vWAT using global RNA-seq revealed that distinct adipocytes appear to be differentially implicated in key aspects of metabolic dysfunction. Thus, the heterogeneity of vWAT and its response to IH at the cellular level provides important insights into the metabolic morbidity of OSA and may possibly translate into therapeutic targets.
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25
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Abstract
Through novel methodologies, including both basic and clinical research, progress has been made in the therapy of solid cancer. Recent innovations in anticancer therapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitor biologics, therapeutic vaccines, small drugs, and CAR-T cell injections, mark a new epoch in cancer research, already known for faster (epi-)genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics. As the long-sought after personalization of cancer therapies comes to fruition, the need to evaluate all current therapeutic possibilities and select the best for each patient is of paramount importance. This is a novel task for medical care that deserves prominence in therapeutic considerations in the future. This is because cancer is a complex genetic disease. In its deadly form, metastatic cancer, it includes altered genes (and their regulators) that encode ten hallmarks of cancer-independent growth, dodging apoptosis, immortalization, multidrug resistance, neovascularization, invasiveness, genome instability, inflammation, deregulation of metabolism, and avoidance of destruction by the immune system. These factors have been known targets for many anticancer drugs and treatments, and their modulation is a therapeutic goal, with the hope of rendering solid cancer a chronic rather than deadly disease. In this article, the current therapeutic arsenal against cancers is reviewed with a focus on immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zlatko Dembic
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, 0316 Oslo, Norway
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26
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Ng DSC, Fung NSK, Yip FLT, Lai TYY. Ranibizumab for myopic choroidal neovascularization. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2020; 20:1385-1393. [DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2021.1830969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicholas S. K. Fung
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Po Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | | | - Timothy Y. Y. Lai
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- 2010 Retina and Macula Centre, Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong
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27
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Nie X, Zhao J, Ling H, Deng Y, Li X, He Y. Exploring microRNAs in diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers: Regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Br J Pharmacol 2020; 177:4077-4095. [PMID: 32449793 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic chronic cutaneous ulcers (DCU) are one of the serious complications of diabetes mellitus, occurring mainly in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Recent studies have indicated that microRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) and their target genes are essential regulators of cell physiology and pathology including biological processes that are involved in the regulation of diabetes and diabetes-related microvascular complications. in vivo and in vitro models have revealed that the expression of some miRNAs can be regulated in the inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and wound remodelling of DCU. Nevertheless, the potential application of miRNAs to clinical use is still limited. Here, we provide a contemporary overview of the miRNAs as well as their associated target genes and pathways (including Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, TGF-β/Smad, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR) related to DCU healing. We also summarize the current development of drugs for DCU treatment and discuss the therapeutic challenges of DCU treatment and its future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuqiang Nie
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiufeng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Hua Ling
- School of Pharmacy, Georgia Campus - Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Suwanee, GA, USA
| | - Youcai Deng
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Institute of Materia Medica, College of Pharmacy, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yuqi He
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China.,College of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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28
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Catalytic activity regulation through post-translational modification: the expanding universe of protein diversity. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2020; 122:97-125. [PMID: 32951817 PMCID: PMC7320668 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2020.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein composition is restricted by the genetic code to a relatively small number of natural amino acids. Similarly, the known three-dimensional structures adopt a limited number of protein folds. However, proteins exert a large variety of functions and show a remarkable ability for regulation and immediate response to intracellular and extracellular stimuli. To some degree, the wide variability of protein function can be attributed to the post-translational modifications. Post-translational modifications have been observed in all kingdoms of life and give to proteins a significant degree of chemical and consequently functional and structural diversity. Their importance is partly reflected in the large number of genes dedicated to their regulation. So far, hundreds of post-translational modifications have been observed while it is believed that many more are to be discovered along with the technological advances in sequencing, proteomics, mass spectrometry and structural biology. Indeed, the number of studies which report novel post translational modifications is getting larger supporting the notion that their space is still largely unexplored. In this review we explore the impact of post-translational modifications on protein structure and function with emphasis on catalytic activity regulation. We present examples of proteins and protein families whose catalytic activity is substantially affected by the presence of post translational modifications and we describe the molecular basis which underlies the regulation of the protein function through these modifications. When available, we also summarize the current state of knowledge on the mechanisms which introduce these modifications to protein sites.
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29
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Neurobiology of Recovery of Motor Function after Stroke: The Central Nervous System Biomarker Effects of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy. Neural Plast 2020; 2020:9484298. [PMID: 32617098 PMCID: PMC7312560 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9484298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Recovery of motor function after stroke involves many biomarkers. This review attempts to identify the biomarker effects responsible for recovery of motor function following the use of Constraint-Induced Movement Therapy (CIMT) and discuss their implications for research and practice. From the studies reviewed, the biomarker effects identified include improved perfusion of motor areas and brain glucose metabolism; increased expression of proteins, namely, Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), and Growth-Associated Protein 43 (GAP-43); and decreased level of Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA). Others include increased cortical activation, increased motor map size, and decreased interhemispheric inhibition of the ipsilesional hemisphere by the contralesional hemisphere. Interestingly, the biomarker effects correlated well with improved motor function. However, some of the biomarker effects have not yet been investigated in humans, and they require that CIMT starts early on poststroke. In addition, one study seems to suggest the combined use of CIMT with other rehabilitation techniques such as Transcortical Direct Stimulation (tDCs) in patients with chronic stroke to achieve the biomarker effects. Unfortunately, there are few studies in humans that implemented CIMT during early poststroke. Thus, it is important that more studies in humans are carried out to determine the biomarker effects of CIMT especially early on poststroke, when there is a greater opportunity for recovery. Furthermore, it should be noted that these effects are mainly in ischaemic stroke.
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30
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Han G, Xia X, Pan Z, Lin Y, Li L, Jiao Y, Zhou C, Ding S. Different influence of sulfated chitosan with different sulfonic acid group sites on HUVECs behaviors. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2020; 31:1237-1253. [PMID: 32493148 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2019.1702764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The vascularization within the scaffold is still a significant challenge in tissue engineering applications. Sulfated chitosan (SCS) as an amazing substance have been used in tissue engineering to stimulate angiogenesis. However, it is not clear whether they have difference in the ability to promote vascularization of SCS with different sulfonic acid group sites. The aim of this study was to evaluate human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) viability and differentiation in vitro, affected by three types of sulfated chitosan' i.e. 2-N-6-O-sulfated chitosan (2,6-SCS), 3'6-O-sulfated chitosan (3,6-SCS) and 6-O-sulfated chitosan (6-SCS). The results are showed that all the SCS possesses excellent biological properties to promote HUVECs viability and proliferation. Especially, 2,6-SCS promotes desirable intracellular nitric oxide secretion and capillary tube formation. Meanwhile, 2,6-SCS up-regulate the related gene and protein expression compared with other sulfonic acid group sites SCS and heparin. Therefore, 2,6-SCS is a promising substitute material for angiogenesis and as aqueous formulation can be employed to fabrication functionalization scaffold surface with promoted angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijuan Han
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Artificial Organs & Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaohui Xia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Artificial Organs & Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Pan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Artificial Organs & Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yucheng Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Artificial Organs & Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lihua Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Artificial Organs & Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanpeng Jiao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Artificial Organs & Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Changren Zhou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Artificial Organs & Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Shan Ding
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China.,Engineering Research Centre of Artificial Organs & Materials, Jinan University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
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31
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Lin X, Zhou C, Zhu S, Deng H, Zhang J, Lu Y. O 2-Tuned Protein Synthesis Machinery in Escherichia coli-Based Cell-Free System. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:312. [PMID: 32328487 PMCID: PMC7160232 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Involved in most aerobic biochemical processes, oxygen affects cellular functions, and organism behaviors. Protein synthesis, as the underlying biological process, is unavoidably affected by the regulation of oxygen delivery and utilization. Bypassing the cell wall, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems are well adopted for the precise oxygen regulation analysis of bioprocesses. Here a reliable flow platform was developed for measuring and analyzing the oxygen regulation on the protein synthesis processes by combining Escherichia coli-based CFPS systems and a tube-in-tube reactor. This platform allows protein synthesis reactions conducted in precisely controlled oxygen concentrations. For analysis of the intrinsic role of oxygen in protein synthesis, O2-tuned CFPS systems were explored with transcription-translation related parameters (transcripts, energy, reactive oxygen species, and proteomic pathway analysis). It was found that 2% of oxygen was the minimum requirement for protein synthesis. There was translation-related protein degradation in the high oxygen condition leading to a reduction. By combining the precise gas level controlling and open biosystems, this platform is also potential for fundamental understanding and clinical applications by diverse gas regulation in biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomei Lin
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Caijin Zhou
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Songbiao Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Haiteng Deng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Bioinformatics, Center for Synthetic and Systematic Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jisong Zhang
- The State Key Lab of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis, Ministry of Education, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
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Impacts of the Plateau Environment on the Gut Microbiota and Blood Clinical Indexes in Han and Tibetan Individuals. mSystems 2020; 5:5/1/e00660-19. [PMID: 31964769 PMCID: PMC6977073 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00660-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota is significantly affected by the external environment, but our understanding of the effects of extreme environments such as plateaus is far from adequate. In this study, we systematically analyzed the variation in the intestinal microbiota and 76 blood clinical indexes among 393 healthy adults with different plateau living durations (Han individuals with no plateau living, with plateau living for 4 to 6 days, with plateau living for >3 months, and who returned to the plain for 3 months, as well as plateau-living Tibetans). The results showed that the high-altitude environment rapidly (4 days) and continually (more than 3 months) shaped both the intestinal microbiota and clinical indexes of the Han population. With prolongation of plateau living, the general characteristics of the intestinal microbiota and clinical indexes of the Han population were increasingly similar to those of the Tibetan population. The intestinal microbiota of the Han population that returned to the plain area for 3 months still resembled that of the plateau-living Han population rather than that of the Han population on the plain. Moreover, clinical indexes such as blood glucose were significantly lower in the plateau groups than in the nonplateau groups, while the opposite result was obtained for testosterone. Interestingly, there were Tibetan-specific correlations between glucose levels and Succinivibrio and Sarcina abundance in the intestine. The results of this study suggest that a hypoxic environment could rapidly and lastingly affect both the human intestinal microbiota and blood clinical indexes, providing new insights for the study of plateau adaptability.IMPORTANCE The data presented in the present study demonstrate that the hypoxic plateau environment has a profound impact on the gut microbiota and blood clinical indexes in Han and Tibetan individuals. The plateau-changed signatures of the gut microbiota and blood clinical indexes were not restored to the nonplateau status in the Han cohorts, even when the individuals returned to the plain from the plateau for several months. Our study will improve the understanding of the great impact of hypoxic environments on the gut microbiota and blood clinical indexes as well as the adaptation mechanism and intervention targets for plateau adaptation.
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Lempesis IG, Meijel RLJ, Manolopoulos KN, Goossens GH. Oxygenation of adipose tissue: A human perspective. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2020; 228:e13298. [PMID: 31077538 PMCID: PMC6916558 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is a complex disorder of excessive adiposity, and is associated with adverse health effects such as cardiometabolic complications, which are to a large extent attributable to dysfunctional white adipose tissue. Adipose tissue dysfunction is characterized by adipocyte hypertrophy, impaired adipokine secretion, a chronic low‐grade inflammatory status, hormonal resistance and altered metabolic responses, together contributing to insulin resistance and related chronic diseases. Adipose tissue hypoxia, defined as a relative oxygen deficit, in obesity has been proposed as a potential contributor to adipose tissue dysfunction, but studies in humans have yielded conflicting results. Here, we will review the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in the pathophysiology of obesity‐related complications, with a specific focus on human studies. We will provide an overview of the determinants of adipose tissue oxygenation, as well as the role of adipose tissue oxygenation in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism and inflammation. Finally, we will discuss the putative effects of physiological and experimental hypoxia on adipose tissue biology and whole‐body metabolism in humans. We conclude that several lines of evidence suggest that alteration of adipose tissue oxygenation may impact metabolic homeostasis, thereby providing a novel strategy to combat chronic metabolic diseases in obese humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis G. Lempesis
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Rens L. J. Meijel
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
| | - Konstantinos N. Manolopoulos
- College of Medical and Dental Sciences, Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research (IMSR) University of Birmingham Birmingham UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Birmingham Health Partners Birmingham UK
| | - Gijs H. Goossens
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism Maastricht University Medical Centre Maastricht the Netherlands
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KHARCHE SURESHDINKAR, JENA DAYANIDHI, GANGWAR CHETNA, KHATTI AMIT, BALAMURUGAN B. Role of certain growth factors and hormones in folliculogenesis. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v89i12.96617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Folliculogenesis is an inextricable process associated with female fertility and infertility cases. This process involves many events at cellular and molecular level in a highly orchestrated fashion which culminates with ovulation. Various factors like hormonal factors, growth factors, role of ovarian micro environment, diseases of reproductive tract etc. influence the process of folliculogenesis in systematic manner. The function and mechano-biology of these growth factors and hormones have been studied by many researchers. This review discusses about those hormonal and growth factors which are involved in folliculogenesis process.
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Mărgăoan R, Stranț M, Varadi A, Topal E, Yücel B, Cornea-Cipcigan M, Campos MG, Vodnar DC. Bee Collected Pollen and Bee Bread: Bioactive Constituents and Health Benefits. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8120568. [PMID: 31756937 PMCID: PMC6943659 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bee products were historically used as a therapheutic approach and in food consumption, while more recent data include important details that could validate them as food supplements due to their bioproperties, which support their future use as medicines. In this review data, data collected from bee pollen (BP) and bee bread (BB) essays will be discussed and detailed for their nutritional and health protective properties as functional foods. Dietary antioxidants intake derived from BP and BB have been associated with the prevention and clinical treatment of multiple diseases. The beneficial effects of BP and BB on health result from the presence of multiple polyphenols which possess anti-inflammatory properties, phytosterols and fatty acids, which play anticancerogenic roles, as well as polysaccharides, which stimulate immunological activity. From the main bioactivity studies with BP and BB, in vitro studies and animal experiments, the stimulation of apoptosis and the inhibition of cell proliferation in multiple cell lines could be one of the major therapeutic adjuvant effects to be explored in reducing tumor growth. Tables summarizing the main data available in this field and information about other bio-effects of BP and BB, which support the conclusions, are provided. Additionally, a discussion about the research gaps will be presented to help further experiments that complete the tree main World Health Organization (WHO) Directives of Efficiency, Safety and Quality Control for these products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodica Mărgăoan
- Advanced Horticultural Research Institute of Transylvania, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mirela Stranț
- Association Health with CasaBIO, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Alina Varadi
- Association Health with CasaBIO, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (M.S.); (A.V.)
| | - Erkan Topal
- Apiculture Section, Aegean Agricultural Research Institute, İzmir 35661, Turkey;
| | - Banu Yücel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, İzmir 35100, Turkey;
| | - Mihaiela Cornea-Cipcigan
- Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.C.-C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Maria G. Campos
- Observatory of Drug-Herb Interactions, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Heath Sciences Campus, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre (CQC, FCT Unit 313) (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, Rua Larga, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: (M.C.-C.); (M.G.C.)
| | - Dan C. Vodnar
- Department of Food Science, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
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Prejanò M, Romeo I, Sgrizzi L, Russo N, Marino T. Why hydroxy-proline improves the catalytic power of the peptidoglycan N-deacetylase enzyme: insight from theory. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:23338-23345. [PMID: 31617504 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03804c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nature exploits different strategies for enhancing the catalytic activity of enzymes, often resorting to producing beneficial mutations. The case of post-translational proline hydroxylation mutation in the active site of polysaccharide deacetylase (PDA) Bc1960 from Bacillus cereus is an interesting example of how small chemical modifications can cause significant improvements in enzymatic activity. In the present study the deacetylation mechanism promoted by both OH-proline (2Hyp) and standard proline (Pro) containing PDA is investigated using density functional theory. Although the mechanism presented for the two examined enzymes is in agreement with protease catalysis in metalloenzymes, the analysis along the potential energy surface (PES) reveals that the intermediate and product benefit energetically from the presence of the hydroxyl group on the proline. Our calculations provide evidence that for PDA-2Hyp, the hydrogen bond network established by the -OH group on the Cα of the proline with its closest neighbors stabilizes the transition states and, consequently, the reaction takes advantage of this. These results further contribute towards explaining the different catalytic activity experimentally observed for the polysaccharide deacetylase enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Prejanò
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie Chimiche, Università della Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, CS, Italy.
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Palmer BF, Clegg DJ. Strategies to Counter Weight Loss-Induced Reductions in Metabolic Rate. Curr Sports Med Rep 2019; 18:258-265. [DOI: 10.1249/jsr.0000000000000610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Norheim F, Hasin-Brumshtein Y, Vergnes L, Chella Krishnan K, Pan C, Seldin MM, Hui ST, Mehrabian M, Zhou Z, Gupta S, Parks BW, Walch A, Reue K, Hofmann SM, Arnold AP, Lusis AJ. Gene-by-Sex Interactions in Mitochondrial Functions and Cardio-Metabolic Traits. Cell Metab 2019; 29:932-949.e4. [PMID: 30639359 PMCID: PMC6447452 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 08/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied sex differences in over 50 cardio-metabolic traits in a panel of 100 diverse inbred strains of mice. The results clearly showed that the effects of sex on both clinical phenotypes and gene expression depend on the genetic background. In support of this, genetic loci associated with the traits frequently showed sex specificity. For example, Lyplal1, a gene implicated in human obesity, was shown to underlie a sex-specific locus for diet-induced obesity. Global gene expression analyses of tissues across the panel implicated adipose tissue "beiging" and mitochondrial functions in the sex differences. Isolated mitochondria showed gene-by-sex interactions in oxidative functions, such that some strains (C57BL/6J) showed similar function between sexes, whereas others (DBA/2J and A/J) showed increased function in females. Reduced adipose mitochondrial function in males as compared to females was associated with increased susceptibility to obesity and insulin resistance. Gonadectomy studies indicated that gonadal hormones acting in a tissue-specific manner were responsible in part for the sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frode Norheim
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yehudit Hasin-Brumshtein
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laurent Vergnes
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karthickeyan Chella Krishnan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Calvin Pan
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Marcus M Seldin
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Simon T Hui
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Margarete Mehrabian
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Zhiqiang Zhou
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sonul Gupta
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Brian W Parks
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Susanna M Hofmann
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum Muenchen, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, München 80336, Germany; Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, Klinikum der Ludwig Maximilian Universität (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Arthur P Arnold
- Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aldons J Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology and Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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Aly MH, Arafat MA, Hussein OA, Elsaid HH, Abdel-Hammed AR. WITHDRAWN: Study of Angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor as markers of diabetic nephropathy onset in egyptians diabetic patients with non-albuminuric state. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Aly MH, Arafat MA, Hussein OA, Elsaid HH, Abdel-Hammed AR. Study of Angiopoietin-2 and vascular endothelial growth factor as markers of diabetic nephropathy onset in Egyptians diabetic patients with non-albuminuric state. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:1623-1627. [PMID: 31336531 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (Ang-2) systems have a central role in vasculogenesis and neoangiogenesis during glomerular development. disruption, their levels are associated with alterations in the glomerular filtration barrier and proteinuria as in diabetic nephropathy. Aim of this study to assess the validity of blood Ang-2 and VEGF as biomarkers for early detection of diabetic nephropathy as well as to study the relation between them and inflammation in diabetic nephropathy patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Cross-sectional study included 180 diabetic nephropathy patients. Patients were classified to non-albuminuric, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria patients. Patients with macroalbuminuria complicated to renal impairment and ESRD on top of diabetic nephropathy. Ang-2 and VEGF were measured beside urinary albumin creatinine ratio (UACR). RESULTS Significant increase of Ang-2 and VEGF levels among patients with normoalbuminuric state compared to control but there is no significant difference of UACR between both groups. Ang-2 and VEGF concentrations were significantly higher in patients with microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria compared to healthy. Ang-2 and VEGF levels increase with the progression of albuminuria. There were significant positive correlation between CRP and Ang-2 in addition to VEGF. Significant negative correlation between eGFR, Ang-2 and VEGF. CONCLUSION VEGF and Ang-2 were significantly elevated in diabetic nephropathy patients without albuminuria, their levels steadily increase with the progress of albuminuria, So can use them as markers for diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy onset and progression specially in patients without an increase in albumin excretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad H Aly
- Nephrology Unite, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Mohammad A Arafat
- Nephrology Unite, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Ola A Hussein
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
| | - Hanaa H Elsaid
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt.
| | - Ayman R Abdel-Hammed
- Nephrology Unite, Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt
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Yau TO. Precision treatment in colorectal cancer: Now and the future. JGH OPEN 2019; 3:361-369. [PMID: 31633039 PMCID: PMC6788378 DOI: 10.1002/jgh3.12153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Until recently, a one‐drug‐fits‐all model was applied to every patient diagnosed with the same condition. But not every condition is the same, and this has led to many cases of ineffective treatment. Pharmacogenetics is increasingly used to stratify patients for precision medicine treatments, for instance, the UGT1A1*28 polymorphism as a dosage indicator for the use of irinotecan as well as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) immunohistochemistry and KRAS Proto‐Oncogene (KRAS) exon 2 mutation tests for determining the likelihood of treatment response to cetuximab or panitumumab treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). The other molecular subtypes, such as KRAS exon 3/4, B‐Raf Proto‐Oncogene, NRAF, PIK3CA, and PETN, were also reported as potential new pharmacogenetic targets for the current and the newly discovered anticancer drugs. In addition to next‐generation sequencing (NGS), primary tumor cells for in vivo and in vitro drug screening, imaging biomarker 3′‐Deoxy‐3′‐18F‐fluorothymidine positron emission tomography, and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) detection methods are being developed and may represent the future direction of precision medicine. This review will discuss the current environment of precision medicine, including clinically approved targeted therapies, the latest potential therapeutic agents, and the ongoing pharmacogenetic trials for CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung On Yau
- John van Geest Cancer Research Centre, School of Science and Technology Nottingham Trent University Nottingham UK
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Mfouo Tynga I, Abrahamse H. Nano-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy for Cancer: Enhancement of Cancer Specificity and Therapeutic Effects. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 8:E923. [PMID: 30412991 PMCID: PMC6266777 DOI: 10.3390/nano8110923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Deregulation of cell growth and development lead to cancer, a severe condition that claims millions of lives worldwide. Targeted or selective approaches used during cancer treatment determine the efficacy and outcome of the therapy. In order to enhance specificity and targeting and obtain better treatment options for cancer, novel modalities are currently under development. Photodynamic therapy has the potential to eradicate cancer, and combination therapy would yield even greater outcomes. Nanomedicine-aided cancer therapy shows enhanced specificity for cancer cells and minimal side-effects coupled with effective cancer destruction both in vitro and in vivo. Nanocarriers used in drug-delivery systems are very capable of penetrating the cancer stem cell niche, simultaneously killing cancer cells and eradicating drug-resistant cancer stem cells, yielding therapeutic efficiency of up to 100-fold against drug-resistant cancer in comparison with free drugs. Safety precautions should be considered when using nano-mediated therapy as the effects of extended exposure to biological environments are still to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Mfouo Tynga
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
| | - Heidi Abrahamse
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein 2028, South Africa.
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Sabry D, El-Deek SEM, Maher M, El-Baz MAH, El-Bader HM, Amer E, Hassan EA, Fathy W, El-Deek HEM. Role of miRNA-210, miRNA-21 and miRNA-126 as diagnostic biomarkers in colorectal carcinoma: impact of HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 454:177-189. [PMID: 30357530 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3462-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a major cause of death worldwide. Novel non-invasive, high diagnostic value screening test is urgently needed to improve survival rate, treatment and prognosis. Stable, small, circulating microRNA (miRNA) offers unique opportunities for the early diagnosis of several diseases. It acts as tumor oncogenes or suppressors and involve in cell death, survival, and metastasis. Communication between miRNA and carcinogenesis is critical but it still not clear and needs further investigation. The aim of our study is to evaluate the role of miR-210, miR-21, miR-126, as non-invasive diagnostic biomarkers for screening, early detection of CRC, studying their correlation with prognostic variables, and clarifying the roles of miRNAs on HIF-1α-VEGF signaling pathway. The expression of miR-210, miR-21 and miR-126 was performed using qRT-PCR in adenocarcinoma (no = 35), adenomas (no = 51), and neoplasm free controls (no = 101). Serum levels of VEGF and HIF-1α was determined by ELISA Kit. The results show that the expression of miR-210, miR-21, VEGF, HIF-1α was significantly up-regulated while that miRNA-126 was down-regulated in both adenocarcinoma and adenomas compared with controls (p < 0.001 for each). No significant difference was noted comparing patients with adenocarcinoma and adenomas. The three miRNAs correlated with VEGF, HIF-α. The miR-210 and miR-21 associated with TNM classification and clinical staging of adenocarcinoma (p < 0.001) and they show high diagnostic value with sensitivity and specificity 88.6%, 90.1% and 91.4%, 95.0% respectively. Our study revealed that circulating miR-210, miR-21 were up-regulated while miR-126 was down-regulated in CRC and adenomas patients, they all correlated with TNM staging and they had high diagnostic value. HIF-1α VEGF signaling pathways regulated by miRNAs played a role in colon cancer initiation. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of this miRNAs panel in CRC in our community. These data suggested that these biomarkers could be a potential novel, non-invasive marker for early diagnosis, screening and predicting prognosis of CRC. Understanding the molecular functions by which miRNAs affect cancer and understanding its roles in modulating the signaling output of VEGF might be fruitful in reducing the incidence and slowing the progression of this dark malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Sabry
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sahar E M El-Deek
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Moataz Maher
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona A H El-Baz
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hala M El-Bader
- Medical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Eman Amer
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ahram Canadian University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elham A Hassan
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Wael Fathy
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beny Suef University, Beny Suef, Egypt
| | - Heba E M El-Deek
- Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
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Subtle changes in host cell density cause a serious error in monitoring of the intracellular growth of Chlamydia trachomatis in a low-oxygen environment: Proposal for a standardized culture method. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 153:84-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Dubnika A, Manoukian MA, Mohammadi MR, Parekh MB, Gurjarpadhye AA, Inayathullah M, Dubniks V, Lakey JR, Rajadas J. Cytokines as therapeutic agents and targets in heart disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2018; 43:54-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2018.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Sex differences are pervasive in metabolic and cardiovascular traits, yet they have often been ignored in human and animal model research. Sex differences can arise from reversible hormonal effects, from irreversible organizational (developmental) processes, and from gene expression differences from the X and Y chromosomes. We briefly review our current understanding of the impact of these factors in metabolic traits and disorders, with an emphasis on the recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS Novel sex differences continue to be identified for metabolic and cardiovascular traits. For example, it is now clear that gut microbiota tend to differ between men and women, with potentially large implications for disease susceptibility. Also, tissue-specific gene regulation differs between men and women, contributing to differential metabolism. These new insights will open up personalized therapeutic avenues for cardiometabolic diseases. SUMMARY Sex differences in body fat distribution, glucose homeostasis, insulin signaling, ectopic fat accumulation, and lipid metabolism during normal growth and in response to hormonal or nutritional imbalance are mediated partly through sex hormones and the sex chromosome complement. Most of these differences are mediated in a tissue-specific manner. Important future goals are to better understand the interactions between genetic variation and sex differences, and to bring an understanding of sex differences into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Aldons J. Lusis
- Department of Medicine/Division of Cardiology
- Department of Micro-biology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics
- Department of Human Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Clinical correlation of molecular (VEGF, FGF, PDGF, c-Myc, c-Kit, Ras, p53) expression in juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2018; 275:2719-2726. [DOI: 10.1007/s00405-018-5110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Wang S, Li Y, Shen Y, Wu J, Gao Y, Zhang S, Shao L, Jin J, Zhang Y, Zhang W. Screening and identification of a six-cytokine biosignature for detecting TB infection and discriminating active from latent TB. J Transl Med 2018; 16:206. [PMID: 30029650 PMCID: PMC6054748 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1572-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) is critical for controlling the global TB epidemic. Although early studies have supported the potential role of cytokine biomarkers in blood for the diagnosis of TB, this method requires further investigation and validation in different populations. A set of biomarkers that can discriminate between active TB (ATB) and latent TB infection (LTBI) remains elusive. METHODS In the current study, we organized two retrospective cohorts and one prospective cohort to investigate the immune responses at different clinical stages of TB infection, as determined by candidate cytokine biomarkers detected with a multiplex cytokine platform. Using a pre-established diagnostic algorithm, participants were classified as ATB, LTBI, and TB uninfected controls (CON). Based on our multiplex cytokine assay, a multi-cytokine biosignature was modelled for the optimal recognition of the different TB infection status. RESULTS Our analysis identified a six-cytokine biosignature of TB-antigen stimulated IFN-γ, IP-10, and IL-1Ra, and unstimulated IP-10, VEGF, and IL-12 (p70) for a biomarker screening group (n = 88). The diagnostic performance of the biosignature was then validated using a biomarker validation cohort (n = 216) and resulted in a sensitivity of 88.2% and a specificity of 92.1%. In a prospectively recruited clinical validation cohort (n = 194), the six-cytokine biosignature was further evaluated, and displayed a sensitivity of 85.7%, a specificity of 91.3% and an overall accuracy of 88.7%. CONCLUSIONS We have identified a six-cytokine biosignature for accurately differentiating ATB patients from subjects with LTBI and CON. This approach holds promise as an early and rapid diagnostic test for ATB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Wang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yaojie Shen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Lingyun Shao
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jialin Jin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,MOH and MOE Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.,Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Wenhong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, 12 Wulumuqi Zhong Road, Shanghai, 200040, China. .,Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China. .,MOH and MOE Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China.
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Wang M, Zhang WB, Song JL, Luan Y, Jin CY. Effect of Breviscapine on Recovery of Viable Myocardium and Left Ventricular Remodeling in Chronic Total Occlusion Patients After Revascularization: Rationale and Design for a Randomized Controlled Trial. Med Sci Monit 2018; 24:4602-4609. [PMID: 29970875 PMCID: PMC6064194 DOI: 10.12659/msm.906438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND How to speed the recovery of viable myocardium in chronic total occlusion (CTO) patients after revascularization is still an unsolved problem. Breviscapine is widely used in cardiovascular diseases. However, there has been no study focused on the effect of breviscapine on viable myocardium recovery and left ventricular remodeling after CTO revascularization. MATERIAL AND METHODS We propose to recruit 78 consecutive coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with CTO during a period of 12 months. They will be randomly assigned to receive either breviscapine (40 mg) or placebo in the following 12 months. Blood tests, electrocardiogram, and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE) will be collected at baseline and the follow-up visits at 1, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. Low-dose dobutamine MRI will be applied for the assessment of viable myocardium, microcirculation perfusion, and left ventricular remodeling, and the concentrations of angiogenic cytokine, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) will be investigated at baseline and at 1- and 12-month follow-up. The recovery of viable myocardium after revascularization in CTO patients was the primary endpoint. Improvement of microcirculation perfusion, left ventricular remodeling, peripheral concentrations of VEGF and bFGF as well as MACE will be the secondary endpoints. RESULTS Breviscapine treatment obviously improve the recovery of viable myocardium, myocardial microcirculation perfusion, and left ventricular remodeling after revascularization in CTO patients, and reduce the occurrence of MACE. We also will determine if breviscapine increases the peripheral blood angiogenic cytokine concentrations of VEGF and bFGF. CONCLUSIONS This study will aim to demonstrate the effect of breviscapine on the recovery of viable myocardium and left ventricular remodeling in CTO patients after revascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Wen-Bin Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jia-le Song
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yi Luan
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Chong-Ying Jin
- Department of Cardiology, Biomedical Research (Therapy) Center, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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Katsanos A, Gorgoli K, Mikropoulos DG, Arranz-Marquez E, Athanasopoulos GP, Teus MA, Konstas AGP. Assessing the role of ranibizumab in improving the outcome of glaucoma filtering surgery and neovascular glaucoma. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:719-724. [PMID: 29781319 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1479395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ranibizumab was the first anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agent approved for the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The use of ranibizumab and other anti-VEGF medications in recent years has revolutionized the treatment of several sight-threatening retinal disorders. Emerging evidence has demonstrated that anti-VEGF treatment can offer advantages in the management of other ocular conditions where VEGFs play a key role: ocular scarring following glaucoma filtering surgery and neovascular glaucoma (NVG). Areas covered: We critically review available evidence on the use of ranibizumab as a wound healing modulator in glaucoma filtering surgery and as an adjunct in the management of NVG. Expert opinion: Based on the available evidence and the authors' clinical experience, ranibizumab is a valuable adjunct in the management of NVG. In glaucoma filtering surgery, however, the role of ranibizumab is less clear and does not provide a significant advantage over mitomycin C. Drawbacks for its use in glaucoma include cost, its off-label use, uncertainty and limited evidence on the various routes of administration, the optimal dosing schemes and its toxicity profile. Future advances in ranibizumab delivery systems allowing less frequent dosing may change this treatment paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Katsanos
- a Ophthalmology Department , University of Ioannina , Ioannina , Greece
| | - Kostantina Gorgoli
- b Sussex Eye Hospital , Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust , Brighton , UK
| | | | - Esther Arranz-Marquez
- d Clínica Novovisión , Madrid , Spain.,e Ophthalmology Department , Rey Juan Carlos Universitary Hospital , Móstoles, Madrid , Spain
| | | | - Miguel A Teus
- d Clínica Novovisión , Madrid , Spain.,g Department of Ophthalmology , Hospital Universitario "Principe de Asturias", University of Alcalá , Alcalá de Henares , Spain
| | - Anastasios G P Konstas
- c 3rd University Department of Ophthalmology , AHEPA Hospital , Thessaloniki , Greece.,f 1st University Department of Ophthalmology , Aristotle University , Thessaloniki , Greece
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